ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus wherein a streak-like image defect otherwise occurring in output in a low printing mode performed under a H/H environment can be reduced are provided. A surface of the photosensitive member has a convex and concave portions continuously in a peripheral direction of the photosensitive member, and alternately in an axial direction of the photosensitive member, a width w of the concave portion is 30 to 100 μm, a depth d of the concave portion is 1 to 5 μm, the convex portion has a rising slope and a descending slope in the peripheral direction of the photosensitive member, and a distance from a starting point of the rising slope to an end point of the descending slope and a distance from a starting point of the descending slope to an end point of the rising slope are 300 μm or less. 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member , comprising a convex portion and a concave portion on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member continuously in a peripheral direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member , and alternately in an axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member ,wherein a width w of the concave portion is 30 μm or more and 100 μm or less,a depth d of the concave portion is 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less,the convex portion has a rising slope and a descending slope in the peripheral direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, anda distance from a starting point of the rising slope to an end point of the descending slope is 300 μm or less, and a distance from a starting point of the descending slope to an end point of the rising slope is 300 μm or less.2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the convex portion has a maximum rising slope of 70 permil or less.3. An electrophotographic photosensitive member claim 1 , comprising a convex portion and a concave portion ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

In an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a circumferential surface has concave portions that are independent one another; each of the concave portions has an opening, a contour of the opening has an apex having an angle α of more than 0° and 90° or less on at least an upstream side of a rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and has a largest width in an axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of 20 μm or more and 80 μm or less, a width of the contour in the axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member decreasing from a portion having the largest width toward the apex, when viewing each of the concave portions in the axial direction, each of the concave portions has a depth that decreases from a deepest point of each of the concave portions toward the apex.

Condensed polycyclic compound and organic light emitting element including the same

Provided are a condensed polycyclic compound and an organic light emitting element including the same. The condensed polycyclic compound emits green light and has a high chemical stability. A condensed polycyclic compound represented by the general formula [1] or [2] described in claim 1 is provided. In the formula [1] and [2], R1 to R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms.

Fused polycyclic compound and organic light emitting element including the same

The present invention provides a novel fused polycyclic compound suitably used for a blue light emitting element and an organic light emitting element including the fused polycyclic compound. A fused polycyclic compound is represented by at least one of the general formulas [1] and [2] according to claim 1 . In the general formulas [1] and [2], R 1 to R 20 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus wherein a streak-like image defect otherwise occurring in output in a low printing mode performed under a H/H environment can be reduced are provided. A surface of the photosensitive member has a convex and concave portions continuously in a peripheral direction of the photosensitive member, and alternately in an axial direction of the photosensitive member, a width w of the concave portion is 30 to 100 μm, a depth d of the concave portion is 1 to 5 μm, the convex portion has a rising slope and a descending slope in the peripheral direction of the photosensitive member, and a distance from a starting point of the rising slope to an end point of the descending slope and a distance from a starting point of the descending slope to an end point of the rising slope are 300 μm or less.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin and conductive particles. Each of the conductive particles has a core particle coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum.

Xanthone compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

An organic light-emitting device that realizes high-emission efficiency and low-driving voltage is provided. The organic light-emitting device contains a xanthone compound represented by general formula [1].

DIBENZOTHIOPHENE COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT BASED ON THE SAME

An aspect of the present invention provides the dibenzothiophene compound expressed by General Formula 1 in Claim In General Formula 1, Ris either a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted phenyl group, and Aris any of phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, triphenylenyl, naphthyl, chrysenyl, and pyrenyl groups. The options for the Arsubstituents, namely the phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, triphenylenyl, naphthyl, chrysenyl, and pyrenyl groups, may contain at least one of an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms and an aryl group as a substituent. 2. The dibenzothiophene compound according to claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '1', 'the Aris any of a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group.'}3. The dibenzothiophene compound according to claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '1', 'the Ris a hydrogen atom.'}4. An organic light-emitting element comprising:a pair of electrodes andan organic compound layer,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the organic compound layer located between the pair of electrodes and containing the dibenzothiophene compound according to .'}5. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 4 , wherein:the organic compound layer is used as at least one of a hole-and-exciton-blocking layer and a light-emitting layer.6. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 4 , wherein:the organic compound layer is a light-emitting layer, the light-emitting layer contains a host material and a guest material, the host material comprises a plurality of constituents, and the constituents include the dibenzothiophene compound.7. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 6 , wherein:the guest material is a phosphorescence-emitting material.8. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 7 , wherein:the phosphorescence-emitting material is an iridium complex.9. A display apparatus comprising:a plurality of pixels,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'each of the pixels having the organic light-emitting element ...

CONDENSED POLYCYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT INCLUDING THE SAME

A condensed polycyclic compound which emits green light and which has a high chemical stability and an organic light emitting element including the same are provided. A condensed polycyclic compound represented by the general formula [1] or [2] described in claim is provided. In the formula [1] and [2], Rto Rare independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms. 3. The condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 2 ,{'sub': 2', '4', '7', '9, 'wherein the X, X, X, and Xeach indicate the alkyl group.'}4. The condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 1 ,wherein the condensed polycyclic compound exhibits green photoluminescence.5. An organic light emitting element comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan organic compound layer arranged therebetween,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the organic compound layer contains the condensed polycyclic compound according to .'}6. The organic light emitting element according to claim 5 ,wherein the organic compound layer is a light emitting layer containing a host material and a guest material, andthe guest material includes the condensed polycyclic compound.7. The organic light emitting element according to claim 5 ,wherein the organic compound layer includes a plurality of light emitting layers,at least one of the light emitting layers contains the condensed polycyclic compound, andthe light emitting layers emit different types of color light from each other so as to emit white light.8. A display device comprising:a plurality of pixels,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', 'claim 5'}, 'wherein at least one of the pixels includes the organic light emitting element according to and an active element connected thereto.'}9. An image information processing device comprising:a display portion to display an image; andan input portion ...

SPIRO[CYCLOPENTA[def]TRIPHENYLENE-4,9'-FLUORENE] COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

The present invention provides a spiro[cyclopenta[def]triphenylene-4,9′-fluorene] compound having a high triplet energy level and a high glass transition temperature and also provides an excellent organic light-emitting device including the compound to achieve a high luminous efficiency and a low driving voltage. 2. The spiro[cyclopenta[def]triphenylene-4 claim 1 ,9′-fluorene] compound according to claim 1 , wherein Rto Rare all hydrogen atoms.3. An organic light-emitting device comprising a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer disposed between the electrodes claim 1 , wherein the organic compound layer includes a spiro[cyclopenta[def]triphenylene-4 claim 1 ,9′-fluorene] compound according to .4. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 3 , wherein the organic compound layer is a light-emitting layer or an electron-transporting layer.5. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 4 , wherein the organic compound layer is a light-emitting layer.6. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 5 , wherein the light-emitting layer includes a host material and a guest material claim 5 , wherein the host material is the spiro[cyclopenta[def]triphenylene-4 claim 5 ,9′-fluorene] compound.7. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 6 , wherein the guest material is a phosphorescent material.8. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 7 , wherein the phosphorescent material is an iridium complex.9. A display comprising a plurality of pixels claim 3 , wherein the pixels each include an organic light-emitting device according to and a switching device connected to the organic light-emitting device.10. An image input apparatus comprising a display section for displaying an image and an input section for inputting image information claim 3 , wherein the display section includes a plurality of pixels each having an organic light-emitting device according to and a switching device connected to the organic light- ...

XANTHONE COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

An organic light-emitting device that realizes high-emission efficiency and low-driving voltage is provided. The organic light-emitting device contains a xanthone compound represented by general formula [1]. 4. An organic light-emitting device according towherein the organic compound layer has an emission layer, andthe emission layer contains the xanthone compound.5. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 3 , wherein the organic compound layer includes an emission layer claim 3 , an electron transport layer in contact with the emission layer claim 3 , and an electron injection layer that transports electrons supplied from one of the electrodes to the electron transport layer claim 3 , andat least one of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer contains the xanthone compound.6. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 4 , whereinthe emission layer contains a host material and a guest material,the host material is the xanthone compound, andthe guest material is an iridium complex.7. A display apparatus comprising: {'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'the organic light-emitting device according to and a switching element coupled to the organic light-emitting device.'}, 'a plurality of pixels each including'}9. An apparatus comprising a substrate and the organic light emitting device according to . The present invention relates to a xanthone compound and an organic light-emitting device including the xanthone compound.An organic light-emitting device is a device that includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic compound layer interposed between the anode and the cathode. Holes and electrons injected from the respective electrodes of the organic light-emitting device are recombined in the organic compound layer to generate excitons and light is emitted as the excitons return to their ground state. The organic light-emitting device is also called an organic electroluminescent device or organic EL device. Recent ...

DIBENZOTHIOPHENE DIOXIDE COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE USING THE SAME

The present invention provides an organic light-emitting device showing characteristics of high efficiency and long operating life. The organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic compound layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The organic compound layer includes at least a light-emitting layer that contains a dibenzothiophene dioxide compound shown in claim 2. An organic light-emitting device comprising:an anode and a cathode; andan organic compound layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and including at least a light-emitting layer, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the organic compound layer contains the dibenzothiophene dioxide compound according to .'}3. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 2 , whereinthe organic compound layer further includes a hole-blocking layer containing the dibenzothiophene dioxide compound.4. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 2 , whereinthe light-emitting layer includes a host material and a guest material; andthe host material is composed of two or more materials including the dibenzothiophene dioxide compound.5. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 2 , wherein the light-emitting layer emits phosphorescence.6. A display apparatus comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'a plurality of pixels each having the organic light-emitting device according to and a switching device electrically connected to the organic light-emitting device.'}7. An image outputting apparatus comprising:an image input section for inputting an image and a display section for outputting an image, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the display section includes a plurality of pixels each having the organic light-emitting device according to and a switching device electrically connected to the organic light-emitting device.'}8. A lighting system comprising the organic light-emitting device according ...

NOVEL FUSED POLYCYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT INCLUDING THE SAME

The present invention provides a novel fused polycyclic compound suitably used for a blue light emitting element and an organic light emitting element including the fused polycyclic compound. 2. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 1', '10', '11', '20, 'wherein at least two of R, R, R, and Rare independently selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or an unsubstituted heterocyclic group.'}3. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 1', '10', '11', '20, 'wherein at least two of R, R, R, and Reach represent an electron withdrawing substituent.'}4. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 3 ,wherein the electron withdrawing substituent is a phenyl group, a pyridyl group, a quinolinyl group, or an isoquinolinyl group, andthe phenyl group has a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a cyano group, or a benzimidazole group.5. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 2 ,{'sub': 1', '10', '11', '20, 'wherein two of R, R, R, and Reach represent a hydrogen atom.'}6. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 2 ,{'sub': 1', '10', '11', '20, 'wherein Rand Ror Rand Reach represent a hydrogen atom.'}7. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1 ,wherein the fused polycyclic compound emits blue light.8. An organic light emitting element comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan organic compound layer provided between the electrodes,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the organic compound layer contain the fused polycyclic compound according to .'}9. The organic light emitting element according to claim 8 ,wherein the organic compound layer includes a light emitting layer containing a host and a guest, andthe guest includes the fused polycyclic compound.10. The organic light emitting element according to claim 8 ,wherein the organic light emitting element emits blue ...

Organic light emitting device

Provided is an organic light emitting device having high emission efficiency and a long continuous driving lifetime. The organic light emitting device includes: an anode; a cathode; and an emitting layer placed between the anode and the cathode, in which: the emitting layer contains an emitting material that emits fluorescence; and in an emission wavelength region of the emitting material, an absorption peak of an absorption spectrum in a minimum excited triplet state of a material having a smallest minimum excited triplet energy out of constituent materials in the emitting layer is absent.

TRIPHENYLENO-BENZOFURAN COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT INCLUDING THE SAME

An organic light emitting element which realizes a high efficiency and long-life light emission is provided. An organic compound represented by the general formula [1] described in Claim is provided. In the general formula [1], Rto Rare each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. However, at least one of Rto Rrepresents the aryl group or the heterocyclic group. The aryl group represents a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, or a chrysenyl group. The heterocyclic group represents a dibenzofuranyl group or a dibenzothienyl group. 2. The triphenyleno-benzofuran compound according to claim 1 ,{'sub': '1', 'wherein in the general formula [1], Rrepresents the aryl group or the heterocyclic group, and'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'Rand Reach represent a hydrogen atom.'}3. An organic light emitting element comprising:an anode,a cathode, andat least one organic compound layer arranged between the anode and the cathode,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the organic compound layer includes the triphenyleno-benzofuran compound according to .'}4. The organic light emitting element according to claim 3 ,wherein the at least one organic compound layer includes a light emitting layer, andthe light emitting layer includes the triphenyleno-benzofuran compound.5. The organic light emitting element according to claim 4 ,wherein the light emitting layer has a host material and a guest material,the host material includes the triphenyleno-benzofuran compound, andthe guest material is a phosphorescent material.6. The organic light emitting element according to claim 5 ,wherein the phosphorescent material includes an iridium complex.7. A display device comprising:a plurality of pixels,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'wherein the pixels each include the organic light emitting element according to and ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a cylindrical shape, including a plurality of concave portions on a surface thereof, wherein a sum of opening areas of the concave portions is 5% or more and 65% or less based on a total area of a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, an average value davg of depths of the concave portions satisfies the following Equation (1), 0.4≤ d avg≤3.0 (μm)  Equation (1) a sum of opening areas of concave portions having a specific depth d is 95% or more of the sum of the opening areas of the concave portions, an average value Lavg of maximum widths of openings of the concave portions in a circumferential direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member has at least one specific region B.

NOVEL FUSED POLYCYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE, DISPLAY APPARATUS, IMAGE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, LIGHTING SYSTEM, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS HAVING THE COMPOUND

A novel organic compound suitable for blue-light-emitting devices and an organic light-emitting device including the compound are provided. 2. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 2', '4', '8', '12', '13, 'at least two of R, R, R, R, and Rare electron-withdrawing substituents.'}3. An organic light-emitting device comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan organic compound layer disposed between the pair of electrodes, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the organic compound layer includes a fused polycyclic compound according to .'}4. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 3 , whereinthe organic compound layer is a light-emitting layer including a host material and a guest material; andthe guest material is the fused polycyclic compound.5. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 3 , whereinthe organic compound layer is a light-emitting layer including a plurality of guest materials;at least one of the plurality of guest materials is the fused polycyclic compound; andthe device emits white light.6. A display apparatus comprising:a plurality of pixels, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'at least one of the plurality of pixels includes an organic light-emitting device according to and an active device connected to the organic light-emitting device.'}7. An image information processing apparatus comprising:an image input section for inputting image information; anda display section for displaying an image, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00006', 'claim 6'}, 'the display section is a display apparatus according to .'}8. A lighting system comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'an organic light-emitting device according to ; and'}an AC/DC converter circuit connected to the organic light-emitting device.9. An image forming apparatus comprising:a photosensitive member;a charging unit for charging a surface of the photosensitive member;an exposure unit ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOCONDUCTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoconductor has a support medium, an undercoat layer formed immediately on the support medium, and a photosensitive layer formed immediately on the undercoat layer, in which the undercoat layer contains a binding resin and composite particles each containing a core material particle covered with tin oxide doped with a predetermined amount of aluminum. 1. An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising:a support medium;an undercoat layer formed immediately on the support medium; anda photosensitive layer formed immediately on the undercoat layerwherein the undercoat layer containsa binding resin, andcomposite particles,the composite particles each containinga core material particle andtin oxide covering the core material particle and doped with aluminum, anda doping amount of the aluminum based on the tin oxide is 1% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less.2. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the core material particle is a titanium oxide particle or a barium sulfate particle.3. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a coverage of the tin oxide based on the composite particles is 20% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.4. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the binding resin is a cured resin.5. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a powder resistivity of the composite particles is 1×10Ω·cm or more.6. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 5 , wherein a powder resistivity of the composite particles is 1.5×10Ω·cm or more and 1×10Ω·cm or less.7. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a volume resistivity of the undercoat layer is 1×10Ω·cm or more and 1×10Ω·cm or less.8. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , further comprising a protective layer on the photosensitive layer claim 1 ,wherein the protective layer contains a polymerized ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin and conductive particles. Each of the conductive particles has a core particle coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a satisfactory suppressing effect on image smearing. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; a photosensitive layer; and a surface layer, the surface layer containing at least one of melamine resin-containing particles and acrylic resin-containing particles, and a polymerized product of a composition containing a charge-transporting compound having a polymerizable functional group; and a compound represented by formula (1):

Spiro[cyclopenta[def]triphenylene-4,9′-fluorene] compound and organic light-emitting device having the same

A spiro[cyclopenta[def]triphenylene-4,9′-fluorene] compound having a high triplet energy level and a high glass transition temperature further providing an excellent organic light-emitting device including the compound to achieve a high luminous efficiency and a low driving voltage.

Triphenyleno-benzohuran compound and organic light emitting element including the same

An organic light emitting element which realizes a high efficiency and long-life light emission is provided. An organic compound represented by the general formula [1] described in Claim 1 is provided. In the general formula [1], R 1 to R 3 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. However, at least one of R 1 to R 3 represents the aryl group or the heterocyclic group. The aryl group represents a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, or a chrysenyl group. The heterocyclic group represents a dibenzofuranyl group or a dibenzothienyl group.

Display apparatus

【課題】内部量子効率のよい遅延蛍光材料を有した有機ＥＬ素子と燐光発光材料を有した有機ＥＬ素子とを有する有機ＥＬ表示装置を提供する。 【解決手段】有機ＥＬ素子が設けられる面内に均熱手段を設ける。 【選択図】図７

Xanthone compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

An organic light-emitting device that realizes high-emission efficiency and low-driving voltage is provided. The organic light-emitting device contains a xanthone compound represented by general formula [1].

Xanthone compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

An organic light-emitting device that realizes high-emission efficiency and low-driving voltage is provided. The organic light-emitting device contains a xanthone compound represented by general formula [1].

Preparation of glycolic acid

DEVICE FOR FUNCTION CHECKING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Organometallic complex and organic light emitting element including the same

The present invention provides an organometallic complex useful as a guest material of a blue phosphorescent light emitting element. In addition, the present invention also provides an organic light emitting element having a high luminescent efficiency. An organometallic complex according to Claim 1 represented by the general formula [1] is provided. In the general formula [1], R 1 to R 7 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group. The alkyl group indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A sulfone group and an ether group in the general formula [1] may bond to each other so as to form a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring.

Novel fused polycyclic compound and organic light emitting element including the same

The present invention provides a novel fused polycyclic compound suitably used for a blue light emitting element and an organic light emitting element including the fused polycyclic compound. A fused polycyclic compound is represented by at least one of the general formulas [1] and [2] according to Claim 1. In the general formulas [1] and [2], R 1 to R 20 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

White organic electroluminescent device

A high-efficiency, white organic electroluminescent device has such a structure that its emission layer is obtained by laminating sub-emission layers of red, green, and blue, respectively. The green sub-emission layer contacting a hole transport layer has a delayed fluorescent material, and the red sub-emission layer has a phosphorescent light emitting material.

Organic el display apparatus

Provided is an organic EL display apparatus which can be driven at a low voltage and in which a red-light-emitting device uses a phosphorescent material, a green-light-emitting device uses a delayed fluorescent material, and the same material is used in the hole transport layers of the respective devices.

Xanthone compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

An organic light-emitting device that realizes high-emission efficiency and low-driving voltage is provided. The organic light-emitting device contains a xanthone compound represented by general formula [1].

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing method

【課題】表面層におけるフッ素原子含有樹脂粒子の分散の均一性に優れ、かつ、繰り返し使用時における電位変動が抑制された電子写真感光体を提供すること。【解決手段】表面層を有する電子写真感光体であって、該表面層が、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子と、結着材料と、特定の構造単位を有する重合体と、を含有する、ことを特徴とする電子写真感光体。【選択図】図１

Elektrophotographisches photosensitives Element, Prozesskartusche und elektrophotographischer Apparat

Eine Grundierungsschicht eines elektrophotographischen photosensitiven Elements enthält ein Bindemittelharz und leitfähige Teilchen. Jedes der leitfähigen Teilchen weist ein Kernteilchen auf, das mit Zinnoxid, das mit Aluminium dotiert ist, beschichtet ist.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin and conductive particles. Each of the conductive particles has a core particle coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum.

電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成方法

【課題】部分的なクリーニングブレードの捲れを抑制することで画像上の白スジ発生を抑制し、安定的な画像形成を可能とする電子写真装置、及び画像形成方法を提供すること。【解決手段】電子写真感光体と現像手段を有する電子写真装置であって、該電子写真感光体が、結着樹脂及び電荷発生物質としての顔料を含有する表面層を有し、該結着樹脂が、２種類の特定構造のユニットを有するポリカーボネート樹脂であり、該ポリカーボネート樹脂が含有する全ユニットに対して、２種類の特定構造のユニットの合計が、９０質量％以上であり、該トナーは、特定構造のユニットを有する樹脂Ａを含有するトナー粒子を有するトナーであり、該樹脂Ａは結晶性樹脂であり、該樹脂Ａ中の特定構造のユニットの含有割合が、３０質量％以上１００質量％以下である、ことを特徴とする電子写真装置。【選択図】なし

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of suppressing the environmental fluctuation in the electrical characteristics. The present invention provides the electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the surface layer contains the compound having the specific structure.

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置

【課題】 低温低湿環境下で繰り返し画像形成した場合の帯電スジが抑制された電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置を提供する。【解決手段】 電子写真感光体の下引き層が、結着樹脂、及び、アルミニウムがドープされている酸化スズで被覆された芯材粒子で構成されている導電性粒子を含有することを特徴とする。【選択図】 図１

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、電子写真装置、及び電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】繰り返し使用時における電位変動が抑制された表面層を有する電子写真感光体を提供すること。【解決手段】表面層を有する電子写真感光体であって、該表面層が、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子と、結着材料と、パーフルオロヘキサン酸と、電荷輸送物質と、を含有し、該表面層中の該パーフルオロヘキサン酸の含有量が、該表面層中の該フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子に対して０．０１０質量ｐｐｂ以上２５質量ｐｐｂ以下であり、該電荷輸送物質が特定構造の化合物である、電子写真感光体。【選択図】なし

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、電子写真装置、および電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】耐摩耗性に優れ、さらにフォトメモリの発生がない良好な電子写真感光体、ならびに電子写真感光体を有する電子写真装置を提供する。【解決手段】表面層が、表面処理され表面に疎水基を有するシリカ粒子または金属酸化物粒子と、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子と、特定の構造単位を有する重合体Ａを含有する分散剤と、結着材料とを含有することで、耐摩耗性とフォトメモリ抑制を向上させた電子写真感光体。【選択図】なし

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、電子写真装置、および電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】耐摩耗性の優れた表面層において、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子の分散不良による画像欠陥を抑制し、かつ、繰り返し使用時における電位変動が抑制された電子写真感光体を提供できる。【解決手段】表面層を有する電子写真感光体において、該表面層が、電荷輸送性化合物と、グアナミン化合物およびメラミン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のトリアジン化合物と、の硬化物と、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子と、下記式（１）の特定構造を有する重合体Ａと、を含有することを特徴とする、電子写真感光体。TIFF2023117813000032.tif3485【選択図】図１

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、電子写真装置、および電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子の分散性に優れ、かつ、高湿環境における繰り返し使用時の電位変動が抑制された表面層を有する電子写真感光体を提供すること。【解決手段】表面層を有する電子写真感光体において、該表面層が、電荷輸送物質、結着材料、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子、下記式（１）の特定構造を有する重合体Ａ、トルエン及びキシレンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のアルキル化芳香族炭化水素を含有し、該結着材料がポリカーボネート樹脂、又はポリアリレート樹脂であり、該表面層における該アルキル化芳香族炭化水素の含有量が、該表面層の全質量に対して０．１５質量％以上２．００質量％以下であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。TIFF2023117822000021.tif3785【選択図】なし

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、電子写真装置、および電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子の分散性に優れ、かつ、ゴースト画像が抑制された表面層を有する電子写真感光体を提供すること。【解決手段】表面層を有する電子写真感光体であって、前記表面層が、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子、結着材料、および、特定の構造単位を有する重合体Ａを含有する、電子写真感光体。【選択図】なし

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置

【課題】凸形状部の維持性に優れた電子写真感光体、該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供する。 【解決手段】支持体及び該支持体上に形成された感光層を有する円筒状の電子写真感光体であって、 該電子写真感光体の表面が、各々独立した凸形状部を有し、 該凸形状部の該電子写真感光体の軸方向の幅が、１０μｍ以上１００μｍ以下であり、 該凸形状部は、電子写真感光体の回転方向の先端側から最も高い点に向かって高さが徐々に高くなる形状であり、かつ、該徐々に高くなる形状部の最大勾配が７０‰以下である。 【選択図】なし

電子写真装置、及び画像形成方法

【課題】表面に耐摩耗性を高めた樹脂を用いる電子写真感光体と、低温定着性に優れた樹脂を有するトナーを組み合わせて用いた場合でも、スジ状の画像不良の発生が抑制される画像形成方法を提供する。【解決手段】電子写真感光体の表面層が、グアナミン構造を有する化合物およびメラミン構造を有する化合物からなる群から選ばれる化合物と、特定の電荷輸送性材料とを含む組成物の重合膜であり、トナーが、特定構造のユニットを有する樹脂Ａを含有するトナー粒子を有するトナーであり、該樹脂Ａ中の特定構造のユニットの含有割合が、３０．０質量％から１００．０質量％である、電子写真装置。【選択図】なし

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置

【課題】クリーニングブレード、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置の寿命を長くすることができる電子写真感光体を提供する。【解決手段】表面に複数の凹部を有する円筒状の電子写真感光体であって、全ての該凹部の開口面積の総和が、該電子写真感光体表面層の全面積に対して５％以上６５％以下であり、全ての該凹部の深さの平均値ｄａｖｇが下記（式１）を満たし、０．４≦ｄａｖｇ≦３．０（μｍ）（式１）、下記（式２）を満たす深さｄを有する該凹部の開口面積の総和が、全ての該凹部の開口面積の総和の９５％以上を占め、ｄａｖｇ−０．２≦ｄ≦ｄａｖｇ＋０．２（μｍ）（式２）該電子写真感光体の周方向における該凹部の開口の最大の幅の平均値Ｌａｖｇが２０μｍ以上２００μｍ以下であって、特定の領域Ｂを少なくとも一ヶ所有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。【選択図】図２

円筒状電子写真感光体の表面加工方法、及び円筒状電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】型部材を用いて円筒状電子写真感光体の表面に凹凸形状を形成するに際して、使用する部材の耐久性を確保し、製造コストを効果的に抑制する円筒状電子写真感光体の表面加工方法ならびに円筒状電子写真感光体の製造方法を提供する。【解決手段】円筒状電子写真感光体を表面に凹凸形状を有する型部材に接触させて加圧し円筒状電子写真感光体を軸回りに回転させながら円筒状電子写真感光体の表面に凹凸形状を形成する方法であって、型部材と、型部材の凹凸形状を有する面の背面側に加圧方向に直交する方向に、分割されて積層され、かつ加圧時には互いにずれることができるように、配設された複数の金属部材と、複数の金属部材が加圧方向に撓むことができるように支持する支持部材とを用いる円筒状電子写真感光体の表面加工方法。【選択図】図１

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

In an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a circumferential surface has concave portions that are independent one another; each of the concave portions has an opening, a contour of the opening has an apex having an angle a of more than 0° and 90° or less on at least an upstream side of a rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and has a largest width in an axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of 20 μκι or more and 80 μπι or less, a width of the contour in the axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member decreasing from a portion having the largest width toward the apex, when viewing each of the concave portions in the axial direction, each of the concave portions has a depth that decreases from a deepest point of each of the concave portions toward the apex.

電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成方法

【課題】高温高湿環境下での画像上のスジ状の画像欠陥の低減を実現する電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成方法を提供すること。【解決手段】電子写真感光体、帯電手段、像露光手段、トナーを有する現像手段、転写手段、クリーニング手段及び定着手段を有する電子写真装置であって、電子写真感光体の表面層が、特定構造の正孔輸送性化合物と、特定構造の正孔輸送性骨格を有さない化合物を含有する組成物の重合膜であり、トナーが、特定構造のユニットを有する樹脂Ａを含有するトナー粒子を有するトナーであり、樹脂Ａは、結晶性樹脂であり、樹脂Ａ中の特定構造のユニットの含有割合が、３０質量％以上１００質量％以下である、電子写真装置。【選択図】なし

電子写真感光体に凹凸形状を形成する方法、およびこの方法を用いた電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】連続加工時の加工時間が短縮され、また、長期的な加工時間の変動が抑制される電子写真感光体の表面に凹凸形状を形成する方法、およびこの方法を用いた電子写真感光体の製造方法の提供。【解決手段】表面層を有する円筒状電子写真感光体を、最表面に凹凸形状を有する型ユニットに押しつけ、該感光体を軸中心に回転させて、該感光体の表面に凹凸形状を形成する方法において、型ユニットは、加熱手段を有する支持部材、環状部材、緩衝部材、および凹凸形状を有する型部材を少なくとも有し、支持部材、および型部材は、環状部材を介して間接的に接し、減圧可能な空間を形成し、緩衝部材は減圧可能な空間内で少なくとも型部材および支持部材と互いに接するように配設され、減圧可能な空間を減圧した状態で該感光体を型ユニットに押しつけ、該感光体を軸中心に回転させて円筒状電子写真感光体の表面に凹凸形状を形成する方法。【選択図】図１

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, electrophotographic apparatus, and method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent dispersibility of fluorine atom-containing resin particles, and excellent durability, with an occurrence of a ghost suppressed. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer, the surface layer includes a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, a charge transport substance, and a polymer A having a specific structural unit, wherein the binder material is a thermoplastic resin, and a film thickness of the surface layer is 35 µm or larger and 50 µm or smaller.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, electrophotographic apparatus, and method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer having specific structural units.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge, and method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that is excellent in dispersibility of a fluorine atom-containing resin particle and suppresses a potential fluctuation at the time of repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member having the surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes the fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer A having a specific structural unit.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, electrophotographic apparatus, and method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, which is excellent in dispersibility of fluorine atom-containing resin particles and is suppressed from causing a ghost image. Specifically, provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer A having specific structural units.

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、電子写真装置、および電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子の分散性に優れ、耐久性に優れ、かつ、ゴーストの発生が抑制された電子写真感光体を提供すること。【解決手段】表面層を有する電子写真感光体において、該表面層が、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子、結着材料、電荷輸送物質、および、特定の構造単位を有する重合体Aを含有し、該結着材料が熱可塑性樹脂であり、該表面層の膜厚が３５μｍ以上５０μｍ以下であることを特徴とする。【選択図】なし

電子写真感光体、電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真感光体の製造方法

【課題】フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子の分散性に優れ、かつ、繰り返し使用時における電位変動が抑制された表面層を有する電子写真感光体を提供すること。【解決手段】表面層を有する電子写真感光体において、前記表面層が、フッ素原子含有樹脂粒子と、結着材料と、特定の構造単位を有する重合体Ａと、を含有することを特徴とする。【選択図】図１

電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジ、および、画像形成方法

【課題】使用開始初期に高温高湿環境下で低印字率の画像形成が連続した場合においても、クリーニングの安定性を向上させることができる電子写真装置を提供する。【解決手段】電子写真感光体と、帯電手段と、像露光手段と、トナーを有する現像手段と、転写手段と、クリーニング手段と、を有する電子写真装置であって、電子写真感光体の表面は、水素化アモルファスシリコンカーバイド、または、水素化アモルファスカーボンで形成されており、トナーは、トナー粒子を有し、該トナー粒子は、特定の樹脂Ａを含有し、該樹脂Ａは結晶性樹脂であり、該樹脂Ａ中の下記式（１）で示されるユニットの含有割合が、該樹脂Ａの全質量に対して、３０質量％以上１００質量％以下である、電子写真装置。【選択図】図１

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置

【課題】高温高湿環境下での低印字モード出力により生じるスジ状の画像欠陥をともに低減する電子写真感光体、該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供する。【解決手段】円筒状の支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体であって、該電子写真感光体の表面が、各々独立した複数の凹形状部を有し、該凹形状部の開口面の該電子写真感光体の軸方向の幅が、２０μｍ以上８０μｍ以下であり、該電子写真感光体の表面の任意の位置に一辺５００μｍの正方形領域を配置したとき、該一辺５００μｍの正方形領域における該凹形状部の開口面の面積の総和が１０００００μｍ２以上であり、該凹形状部が特定の形状を有し、該複数の凹形状部は、隣り合う凹形状部の配列方向が、該電子写真感光体の周方向および軸方向に角度を有する。【選択図】図２

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

In an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a circumferential surface has concave portions that are independent one another; each of the concave portions has an opening, a contour of the opening has an apex having an angle α of more than 0° and 90° or less on at least an upstream side of a rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and has a largest width in an axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of 20 μm or more and 80 μm or less, a width of the contour in the axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member decreasing from a portion having the largest width toward the apex, when viewing each of the concave portions in the axial direction, each of the concave portions has a depth that decreases from a deepest point of each of the concave portions toward the apex.