Common carrier for the integrated mandrel battery assembly

A system for the automated coiling of a jelly roll electrode assembly for controlled assembly and tensioning of jelly roll assembly is provided. The system includes: a shuttle, and a mandrel to which electrodes are welded; a base, mateable with the shuttle and on which the battery head assembly is mounted for welding to the mandrel; and a coiling device. The coiling device has an upper spool, a lower spool, holding a separator strip and a platform between the two holding the base. The separator strip is threaded through a passage in the mandrel separating positive and negative portions. Rotating the mandrel coils the positive electrode, the separator strip and the negative electrode to coil around the mandrel. The coiling device may include a feedback loop braking one or both spools and allowing the coiling tension to be programmed to a desired level.

Attachment Patch for Mounting Various Devices

A tire monitor assembly includes a rubber ply having a first side affixable to an interior surface of a tire. A pedestal extends from a second side of the rubber ply, wherein the pedestal has a top surface and at least one sidewall. The pedestal has a groove disposed in the at least one sidewall that extends along a perimeter of the pedestal, wherein the pedestal has a cavity disposed in the top surface, extending towards the rubber ply. The assembly further includes a tire monitoring device and a fastener connected to the tire monitoring device and further connected to the pedestal such that the fastener is disposed in at least one of the cavity and the groove.

Pressure Bulkhead System

The illustrative embodiments disclose a pressure bulkhead system comprising an aft pressure bulkhead, skin splice angles, and stringer splice angles. The aft pressure bulkhead has an outer compression ring. The skin splice angles are positioned adjacent to one another and joined to the outer compression ring. The skin splice angles form a joint between a first section of a fuselage, a second section of the fuselage, and the aft pressure bulkhead. The stringer splice angles join the skin splice angles to a stringer in the second section of the fuselage.

Rubber coating for electronic communication module, electronic module containing same, and related methods

Disclosed herein is a rubber coating for an electronic communication module, the coating comprising 100 phr of at least one diene-based elastomer, and at least one nano-sized inorganic material having a dielectric constant of at least 9 and a loss tangent of less than 0.1, wherein the coating when cured has a dielectric constant of at least 4.5 and a loss tangent of less than 0.01. Also disclosed are an electronic communication module comprising a radio device having at least a portion of its outer surface surrounded by the rubber coating (i.e., a rubber composition of specified composition), tires or tire retreads incorporating the electronic communication module, and methods for increasing the dielectric constant of a rubber coating without increasing its loss tangent.

Side storage pods, equipment front end modules, and methods for operating efems

Electronic device processing systems including an equipment front end module (EFEM) with a side storage pod are described. The EFEM includes an EFEM chamber and a recirculation duct. The side storage pod is fluidly coupled to the recirculation duct. The side storage pod includes an interior chamber and a side storage container disposed within the interior chamber. The side storage container is configured to receive one or more substrates from the EFEM chamber. The electronic device processing system further includes an environmental control system. The environmental control system is configured to circulate a purge gas between the EFEM chamber and the side storage pod via the recirculation duct.

Devices, systems and methods for balancing ablation energy

Devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure are directed to controlling distribution of electrical energy moving from an ablation electrode at a treatment site within a patient to a plurality of return electrodes on skin of the patient. Control over the distribution of electrical energy moving from the ablation electrode to the plurality of return electrodes can reduce or eliminate the need for manual intervention (e.g., repositioning the plurality of return electrodes on the skin of the patient, repositioning the patient, etc.) to achieve a suitable distribution of the electrical energy. Additionally, or alternatively, the devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure can respond rapidly and automatically to changes in distribution of the electrical energy to reduce the likelihood and magnitude of inadvertent changes in the distribution of electrical energy over the course of a medical procedure.

Systems, apparatus, and methods for an improved load port backplane

Embodiments provide systems, apparatus, and methods for an improved load port that includes a backplane assembly supporting a docking tray and a substrate carrier opener, wherein the backplane assembly includes a backplane; a leveling block coupleable to an equipment front end module (EFEM); a conical hole adjustment assembly coupled between the leveling block and the backplane; and a slotted hole adjustment assembly coupled between the leveling block and the backplane. The conical hole adjustment assembly includes a conical hole block coupled to the leveling block at a first end; a threaded block coupled to the backplane; and an adjustment bolt coupled to the conical hole block and the threaded block. Numerous additional aspects are disclosed.

Side storage pods, equipment front end modules, and methods for operating efems

Electronic device processing systems including an equipment front end module with at least one side storage pod are described. The side storage pod has a side storage container and a container plenum. A fan draws purge gas from the equipment front end module chamber into the container plenum where the purge gas is directed into the side storage container to pass over substrates stored therein and is then exhausted back into the equipment front end module chamber. Methods and systems are also disclosed.

Integrated column and detector in a module for liquid chromatography

A system and method for separating the functions of a liquid chromatography (LC) system into physically separate systems that allow for a more versatile LC system, wherein an LC device provides column 50 a liquid solvent, a sample, and a pump and injector that pushes the sample in the solvent to an output port, and providing an attachable module containing a module input port, a column, a heater for the column, and at least one detector for on-column detection, then attaching the module to the LC device using a press-fit connection that enables the sample in the solvent to be pumped through the column to the at least one detector in order to separate, identify and quantify substances in the sample and transmit results from the at least one detector to the LC system for collection and analysis.

Intellectual Asset Portfolio Evaluation Methods And Systems

A computer implemented method for evaluating intellectual property assets includes identifying a source portfolio of intellectual property assets, identifying a comparable portfolio of intellectual property assets, determining an outstanding business use statistical control limit (OBUSCL) for a plurality of parameters associated with the intellectual property assets and determining a strength of the source portfolio based on the OBUSCL.

Load lock door assembly, load lock apparatus, electronic device processing systems, and methods

A load lock door assembly with side actuation is disclosed. Load lock door assembly includes a load lock door and a door support assembly coupled thereto. Door support assembly includes one or more pivot members pivotable relative to one or more sides of the load lock body, a door support bracket coupled to the load lock door, one or more separator side actuators coupled between the door support bracket being actuatable to separate the load lock door from a sealing surface, and one or more pivot side actuator operable to pivot the load lock door above or below the load lock entry. Load lock apparatus with side actuation, systems including one or more load lock door assemblies with side actuation, and methods of operating load lock door assemblies are provided, as are numerous other aspects.

Battery assembly for medical device

In some examples, a battery assembly for an implantable medical device. The battery assembly may include an electrode stack comprising a plurality of electrode plates, wherein the plurality of electrode plates comprises a first electrode plate including a first tab extending from the first electrode plate and a second electrode plate including a second tab extending from the second electrode plate; a spacer between the first tab and the second tab; and a rivet extending through the first tab, second tab, and spacer, wherein the rivet is configured to mechanically attach the first tab, second tab, and spacer to each other.

Feedthrough assembly including ferrule with tapered extension(s)

In some examples, a feedthrough assembly a ferrule including a base portion and at least one projection extending from the base portion; a capacitive filter positioned adjacent the base portion of the ferrule such that an outer wall of the capacitive filter faces an inner wall of the at least one projection of the ferrule; a conductive pin extending through an aperture in the ferrule and an aperture in the capacitive filter; and an electrically conductive material between the inner wall of the at least one projection of the ferrule and outer wall of the capacitive filter that electrically couples the ferrule and the capacitive filter to ground the capacitive filter, wherein the inner wall of the at least one projection of the ferrule and the outer wall of the capacitive filter are tapered.

Radar wear sensing for tire applications

A radar-based-sensing system for a tire includes a plurality of sensors disposed circumferentially around a tire annulus. Each sensor in the plurality of sensors is permanently disposed within the tire annulus. Each sensor in the plurality of sensors is further disposed radially above any metal structures within the tire annulus. Each sensor in the plurality of sensors emits waves and senses reflected waves when rotating.

Ablation energy controlling

Devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure are directed to selectively controlling delivery of electrical energy to an ablation electrode, with the selective control based on a history of the electrical energy delivered to a return electrode (e.g., electrical energy delivered in a current time-step and in one or more time-steps preceding the current time-step). Controlling electrical energy delivered to an ablation electrode based on the history of electrical energy delivered to a return electrode can reduce the likelihood of unintended tissue damage away from a treatment site as electrical energy is delivered to the treatment site via the ablation electrode. Further, or instead, the devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure can reduce the likelihood of unintended tissue damage away from the treatment site while reducing or eliminating the need to interrupt lesion formation by the ablation electrode.

Substrate manufacturing apparatus and methods with factory interface chamber heating

Electronic device processing apparatus including a factory interface chamber purge apparatus with purge gas heating. The factory interface chamber purge apparatus includes one or more heating elements configured to heat the purge gas. In some embodiments, the provision of heated purge gas to the chamber filter assembly can rapidly reduce moisture contamination after the access door is opened for factory interface servicing. In further embodiments, the provision of heated purge gas to the factory interface chamber can aid in desorbing certain chemical compounds from the substrates following processing when a low-humidity environment is provided. Purge control methods and apparatus are described, as are numerous other aspects.

Method and apparatus for substrate transfer and radical confinement

Examples of the present invention provide an apparatus for transferring substrates and confining a processing environment in a chamber. One example provides a hoop assembly for use in a processing chamber. The hoop assembly includes a confinement ring defining a confinement region therein. A hoop body mates with the confinement ring. The hoop body is slanted to reduce a thickness across a diameter of the hoop body. Three or more lifting fingers are attached to the hoop body and extend downwards. Each of the three or more lifting fingers has a contact tip positioned radially inward from the hoop body to form a substrate support surface below and spaced apart from the confinement region.

Fischer-tropsch process

An improved Fischer-Tropsch process for hydrocarbon synthesis operated in the fluid mode of the Sasol's Synthol Process provides increased diesel and heavier hydrocarbon yield wherein a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst modified by a minor amount of a zeolite catalyst selectively converts enough waxy product to prevent adhesion between catalyst particles which might interfere with catalyst flow thereby permitting maximization of diesel oil and heavy hydrocarbon yield.

Systems for cardiac ablation and associated methods

Devices, systems, and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmia are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein deliver interrogating energy to tissue at a position on a wall of an anatomical structure of a patient. If the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein detect a change in electrical activity of the anatomical structure in response to the interrogating energy, the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein can apply irreversible therapy to the tissue. In some embodiments, the change in electrical activity corresponds to slowing or termination of a detected arrhythmia

Monitoring device and tire combination

Dewaxing by isomerization

A process is provided for dewaxing hydrocarbon feedstock by isomerizing the waxy components of the feedstock over catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite having been prepared by the method comprising providing a boron-containing zeolite Beta, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content.

Heat and light sensitive layers containing hydrazones

Certain ketone and aldehyde organic hydrazones exhibit utility in radiation-sensitive layers and elements as a spectral sensitizer for silver halide and as a selective reducing agent in photographic, thermographic and photothermographic layers.

Compartmentalized multi-well container

Lithium-limited anode subassembly with solid anode current collector and spacer

An anode subassembly for use in an implantable electrochemical cell includes a solid anode current collector and an alkali metal anode pressed onto the solid anode current collector such that the solid anode current collector is located on the outer side of the outermost winding of a coiled electrode assembly formed when the anode subassembly is wound with a cathode subassembly. The anode subassembly may further include a spacer formed from a microporous, non-conductive material pressed onto the alkali metal anode on the opposite side from the solid anode current collector.

Label/tag with embedded signaling device and method and apparatus for making and using

A webstock device for providing a signaling function while being relatively camouflaged includes sheet-like webstock material, a cavity in the webstock material, a signaling device at least partly contained in the cavity, and means for retaining the signaling device at least partly in the cavity. The cavity in the webstock material is closed by respective layers of material and a cover layer can be printed with desired information, instructions, etc. The signaling device may be an accousto-magnetic signaling device, an RF device or other signaling device. The invention also includes methods and apparatus for making the webstock device and methods for using the device.

Method and apparatus for sealing flex circuits made with an lcp substrate

A method and apparatus is disclosed for affixing a cover layer formed of liquid crystal polymer to a flex circuit consisting of circuit elements mounted to a liquid crystal polymer substrate in order to encapsulate the circuit elements between the cover layer and substrate to protect them from exposure to moisture and contaminants.

Process for producing polycrystalline silicon

The invention relates to a process for producing polycrystalline silicon, comprising introducing a reaction gas containing hydrogen and silane and/or halogen silane into a reaction chamber of a gas phase separation reactor, wherein the reaction chamber comprises at least one filament rod heated by the direct passage of current, on which silicon has been deposited forming a polycrystalline silicon. In order to determine the morophology of the silicon rod, firstly, a first resistance value R 1 of the silicon rod determined according to (I) wherein U = voltage between the two ends of the silicon rod, I = current strength - and a second resistance value R 2 of the silicon rod determined according to (II) wherein p = specific silicon resistance, L = length of the silicon rod, A = cross-sectional surface of the silicon rod, and from the ratio R 1 /R 2 a morophological identification number M is calculated. The separation is controlled such that M represents a value from 0.8 - 2.5.

Tinnitus rehabilitation device and method

A tinnitus method and device for providing relief to a person suffering from the disturbing effects of tinnitus is described. The method can be implemented entirely in software to spectrally modify an audio signal in accordance with a predetermined masking algorithm which modifies the intensity of the audio signal at selected frequencies. A predetermined masking algorithm is described which provides intermittent masking of the tinnitus wherein, at a comfortable listening level, during peaks of the audio signal the tinnitus is completely obscured, whereas during troughs the perception of the tinnitus occasionally emerges. In practice it has been found that such intermittent masking provides an immediate sense of relief, control and relaxation for the person, whilst enabling sufficient perception of the tinnitus for habituation and long term treatment to occur. Advantageously the predetermined masking algorithm is specifically tailored to the audiometric configuration of the person. For example, the masking algorithm may be partly tailored to the hearing loss characteristic of the person. A tinnitus rehabilitation device used in conjunction with a personal sound reproducing system is also described.

Implantable medical device having flat electrolytic capacitor fabricated with laser welded anode sheets

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) and components, including flat electrolytic capacitors and methods of making and using same, particularly an improved electrolytic capacitor fabricated of an electrode stack assembly comprising a plurality of capacitor layers stacked in registration upon one another. Each capacitor layer comprises a valve metal cathode layer having a cathode tab, a valve metal anode layer having an anode tab, and a separator layer located between the cathode layers. The anode layer is assembled from a plurality of valve metal anode sheets that are etched and anodized, stacked side-by-side, and electrically and mechanically joined together by laser weld beads. A valve metal anode tab having a thickness equal to one or more anode sheet is inserted into a tab notch in one or more stacked anode sheet and joined to the anode sheet stack by laser welding the tab and sheet edges together.

Optical fiber fabrication process

Glass tubes which form an integral part of optical fiber preforms from which optical fibers are drawn are fabricated from tubular structures comprising amorphous powdery particles. The tubular structures are heated so as to fuse the particles thereby yielding a transparent tubular glass structure of optical fiber quality. During the fusing step, the structure is substantially constrained against shrinkage in both the radial and longitudinal direction thereby yielding a glass tube with improved dimensional characteristics.

Electrode assembly including mandrel having a removable portion

Provided is an electric storage battery including a jelly roll type electrode assembly having a mandrel. The mandrel includes a positive portion, a negative portion and a removable portion. In some embodiments, the mandrel is planar having two faces with a groove on each of the positive and negative portions. The grooves can be on the same or different faces of the mandrel. The grooves are dimensioned to accommodate a positive and negative feedthrough pin. The electrodes are wrapped around the mandrel using the removable portion to wind the mandrel. Once wrapped, the removable portion can be detached. The positive portion and the negative portion are left in the electrode assembly insulated from each other. The mandrel allows tighter wrapping of the jelly roll assembly, increasing battery miniaturization and also results in electrode assemblies in which after-placement of tabs does not result in burrs or shorting.

Mandrel for electrode assemblies

A mandrel for use in a battery assembly may include a positive mandrel portion and a negative mandrel portion. Each of the mandrel portions may include a connector element coupling region and an electrode coupling region. The connector element coupling region may be configured to be coupled to a connector element and the electrode coupling region may be configured to be coupled to an electrode.

Coiling device for making an electrode assembly and methods of use

A system for the automated coiling of a jelly roll electrode assembly for controlled assembly and tensioning of jelly roll assembly is provided. The system includes: a shuttle, and a mandrel to which electrodes are welded; a base, mateable with the shuttle and on which the battery head assembly is mounted for welding to the mandrel; and a coiling device. The coiling device has an upper spool, a lower spool, holding a separator strip and a platform between the two holding the base. The separator strip is threaded through a passage in the mandrel separating positive and negative portions. Rotating the mandrel coils the positive electrode, the separator strip and the negative electrode to coil around the mandrel. The coiling device may include a feedback loop braking one or both spools and allowing the coiling tension to be programmed to a desired level.

Electrode assembly including mandrel having removable portion

Provided is an electric storage battery including a jelly roll type electrode assembly having a mandrel. The mandrel includes a positive portion, a negative portion and a removable portion. In some embodiments, the mandrel is planar having two faces with a groove on each of the positive and negative portions. The grooves can be on the same or different faces of the mandrel. The grooves are dimensioned to accommodate a positive and negative feedthrough pin. The electrodes are wrapped around the mandrel using the removable portion to wind the mandrel. Once wrapped, the removable portion can be detached. The positive portion and the negative portion are left in the electrode assembly insulated from each other. The mandrel allows tighter wrapping of the jelly roll assembly, increasing battery miniaturization and also results in electrode assemblies in which after-placement of tabs does not result in burrs or shorting.

Mandrel for electrode assemblies

A mandrel for use in a battery assembly may include a positive mandrel portion and a negative mandrel portion. Each of the mandrel portions may include a connector element coupling region and an electrode coupling region. The connector element coupling region may be configured to be coupled to a connector element and the electrode coupling region may be configured to be coupled to an electrode.

Common carrier for the integrated mandrel battery assembly

A system for the automated coiling of a jelly roll electrode assembly for controlled assembly and tensioning of jelly roll assembly is provided. The system includes: a shuttle, and a mandrel to which electrodes are welded; a base, mateable with the shuttle and on which the battery head assembly is mounted for welding to the mandrel; and a coiling device. The coiling device has an upper spool, a lower spool, holding a separator strip and a platform between the two holding the base. The separator strip is threaded through a passage in the mandrel separating positive and negative portions. Rotating the mandrel coils the positive electrode, the separator strip and the negative electrode to coil around the mandrel. The coiling device may include a feedback loop braking one or both spools and allowing the coiling tension to be programmed to a desired level.

Electrode assemblies including a mandrel and at least one insulative portion

An electrode assembly for use in a battery may include a mandrel and one or more insulative portions. The insulative portions may be formed about and may extend from one or more end regions of a battery mandrel. Further, insulative portions may electrically insulate one or more elements of the electrode assembly from each other.

Mandrel for electrode assemblies

A mandrel for use in a battery assembly may include a positive mandrel portion and a negative mandrel portion. Each of the mandrel portions may include a connector element coupling region and an electrode coupling region. The connector element coupling region may be configured to be coupled to a connector element and the electrode coupling region may be configured to be coupled to an electrode.

Methods for electrode assemblies including at least one insulative portion

An electrode assembly for use in a battery may include a mandrel and one or more insulative portions. The insulative portions may be formed about and may extend from one or more end regions of a battery mandrel. Further, insulative portions may electrically insulate one or more elements of the electrode assembly from each other.

Spinal implant system and a method for installing the implant onto a vertebral column

A spinal implant that has a rod that connects and stabilizes the vertebrae of a vertebral column. The implant has screws that are attached to the vertebrae. Each screw has a clamp with a first bore that allows the clamp to be placed over the screw. The first bore of the clamp is larger than the major diameter of the screw, so that the clamp can float about the screws. The clamps each have a second bore perpendicular to the first bore, adapted to receive and hold the rod. Integrally formed with the second bore of each clamp are a pair of flanges. When the flanges are deflected inward, the clamp "grabs" the rod. The clamp is placed on a hexagonally shaped shoulder of the screw. A nut is fastened onto the opposite side of the clamp, such that the flanges are pressed between the shoulder and the nut. The diameter of the second bore and rod are approximately the same so that a small deflection of the flanges produces a large clamping force on the rod.

Method and apparatus for bonding an active tag to a patch and a tire

A method and apparatus for bonding an active tag to a patch and assembling the patch to a tire is set forth. A patch assembly and a method for securing an electronic monitoring device having electronic and mechanical components for monitoring at least one engineering condition within a tire, comprising an rigid tag assembly encapsulating the electronic monitoring device, bonded to a vulcanized rubber patch which is secured to the inner cavity of a tire utilizing a layer of dual cure bonding rubber.

Non-attached monitoring assembly for pneumatic tire

A monitoring assembly for a pneumatic tire includes an electronic monitoring device having at least one sensor disposed in a protective body. The monitoring assembly may be configured to float on a variety of liquids that are typically disposed within a tire. The body includes a device that predictably orients the monitoring assembly when the assembly is floating in the liquid. The monitoring assembly is simply placed in a tire before the tire is mounted on a vehicle rim and allowed to move about loosely in the tire chamber when the tire is in use.

Touch input device having power profiling

An infrared touch input system having bezel glare compensation via power profiling is taught. Briefly stated, a touch input system is utilized having a four-sided frame and having an infrared transparent bezel along the inside thereof and having infrared emitters along the top and one side of the frame with infrared detectors along the sides opposite the emitters. The optical power used with emitter-detector pairs adjacent the corners of the bezel is reduced with respect to emitter-detector pairs approaching the center of the bezel. In this manner, light which is reflected after striking the side of the bezel adjacent the emitter-detector pair and which is received by the emitter is of low intensity or is ignored.

Implant for preventing conjunctivitis in cattle

A method to reduce the likelihood of conjunctivitis in farm animals, especially cattle, includes the step of injecting an implant containing an antibiotic effective against the microbes associated with conjunctivitis subcutaneously into the animal in close proximity to the eye. Preferably the implant includes a matrix to allow time release of the antibiotic and the implant is placed in the animal near the first part of July. Also preferably the antibiotic is tetracycline.

Compositions and methods related to modified retroviral vectors for restricted, site specific integration

Embodiments of the invention include compositions comprising and methods utilizing a retroviral integrase complex comprising a recombinant integrase having a domain comprising a non-native protein binding site, and a DNA binding protein comprising a DNA binding domain and a peptide binding domain that binds the non-native protein binding site of the recombinant integrase.

System for transmitting data from inside a tire to a remote receiver

A method for monitoring various engineering conditions of a pneumatic tire such as temperature, pressure, tire rotation and other operating conditions of the tire. A tire tag is mounted on the interior of the tire within the pressurizable cavity and contains the stored data and sensors for detecting certain conditions within the cavity. A separate transponding device is mounted on the tire rim. The tire tag contains a battery, an antenna and stored data pertaining to the tire. The transponding device uses electronic circuitry which collects data from the tire tag. The tire tag is actuated by transmitted radio frequency waves from the transponding device, which data is retransmitted by the transponding device to the remote location by an antenna which extends from the transponding device through the rim to a location externally of the tire.

System and method to efficiently move data from a pipeline data bus to another data bus in a network switch

The present invention relates to a system and method to efficiently move data from a pipeline data bus (204) to another data bus 8208) in a network switch or router (200) . A switching module (201) in the network switch generates and places a packet cycle on the pipeline data bus . The switching module generates and places a control data cycle on an auxiliary data bus (212) . A bridging module (206) process the packet cycle on the pipeline data bus after processing the control data cycle on the auxiliary data bus .

Electronic monitoring device and patch assembly

A monitoring device and patch assembly includes a patch that removably and re-attachably holds the monitoring device. The patch is adapted to connect the monitoring device to a pneumatic tire when the monitoring device is held by the patch. The patch is configured to hold a monitoring device having a rounded outer surface. The patch holds the rounded monitoring device by having a resilient tube with an outlet having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the monitoring device. The monitoring device of the invention includes a feature that allows it to be removed from the patch.

Asymmetric tire

A radial ply pneumatic tire (30) has as asymmetric tread portion (41) having circumferential grooves (50, 51, 52, 53) and diagonal grooves (55, 56) therein. The tread is divided into three axial regions (A, B, C) of equal width, and in each region the net-to-gross ratio is different. The rate of treadwear in the axially outermost regions (A, B) of the tread are substantially equalized by features including varying groove depths and widths, groove paths, and chamfering the edges of block elements (57, 58, 62, 63) of the tread.

Tire tread

Method to identify tumor suppressor genes.

Esta invencion proporciona un método para identificar un gen supresor de tumor de una(s) célula(s) que comprende los siguientes pasos: a) obtener un cDNA o el mRNA de una(s) célula(s) normal(es); b) preparar el cDNA de la(s) célula(s) si el mRNA es obtenido en el paso (a); c) preparar una biblioteca de dicho cDNA, en donde el cDNA está bajo el control de un sistema de control de expresion inducible el cual también lleva un gen seleccionable; d) introducir la biblioteca de vector dentro de una poblacion de célula(s) expresando un fenotipo transformado; e) colocar la(s) transformada(s) introducida(s) de el paso (d) en condiciones que permitan la expresion del cDNA y una concentracion efectiva de un agente de seleccion apropiada para seleccionar la(s) célula(s) expresando el gen seleccionable; f) identificar la(s) célula(s) la(s) cual(es) expresa(n) el fenotipo normal, y g) analizar la(s) célula(s) así identificada(s) como para caracterizar el DNA y por tanto identificar el gen supresor de tumor; los métodos análogos para identificar los supresores de tumor en células normales y para identificar los genes asociados con los defectos genéticos desconocidos también están descritos.

Multi-modal, multi-detector liquid chromatographic system

A system and method for performing liquid chromatography for separating molecules in a liquid solution, wherein a single column includes two of more separation segments, each separation segment having a separate detector immediately after each separation segment, wherein a mobile phase is inserted into a first separation segment and moves through the column until passing through a last separation segment, and then using the data from the detectors to perform compound identification.

Coiling device for making an electrode assembly and methods of use

A system for the automated coiling of a jelly roll electrode assembly for controlled assembly and tensioning of jelly roll assembly is provided. The system includes: a shuttle (100), and a mandrel (130) to which electrodes (160,162) are welded; a base (60), mateable with the shuttle and on which the battery head assembly is mounted for welding to the mandrel; and a coiling device (10). The coiling device has an upper spool (32), a lower spool (34), holding a separator strip (36) and a platform between the two holding the base. The separator strip is threaded through a passage (P) in the mandrel separating positive and negative portions (132,134). Rotating the mandrel coils the positive electrode, the separator strip and the negative electrode to coil around the mandrel. The coiling device may include a feedback loop braking one or both spools and allowing the coiling tension to be programmed to a desired level.

Coiling device for making an electrode assembly and methods of use

Low-power miniature led-based uv absorption detector with low detection limits for capillary liquid chromatography

A system and method for performing UV LED-based absorption detection for capillary liquid chromatography for detecting and quantifying compounds in a liquid, wherein a simplified system eliminates the need for a beam splitter and a reference cell by using a stable UV source, and power requirements are reduced, resulting in a portable and substantially smaller system with relatively low detection limits.

Rubber compositions for radio devices in tires

Processing systems and apparatus adapted to process substrates in electronic device manufacturing

A via pass-through apparatus is disclosed. The via pass-through apparatus includes a pass-through chamber adapted to couple between a first mainframe section and a second mainframe section of a substrate processing system, the pass-through chamber including an entry and an exit each having a slit valve, and a via process chamber located at a different level than the pass-through chamber wherein the via process chamber is adapted to carry out a process on a substrate at the via location. Systems and methods of operating the system are provided, as are numerous other aspects.

System and method to efficiently move data from a pipeline data bus to another data bus in a network switch

The present invention relates to a system and method to efficiently move data from a pipeline data bus (204) to another data bus 8208) in a network switch or router (200) . A switching module (201) in the network switch generates and places a packet cycle on the pipeline data bus . The switching module generates and places a control data cycle on an auxiliary data bus (212) . A bridging module (206) process the packet cycle on the pipeline data bus after processing the control data cycle on the auxiliary data bus .

Compositions and methods for producing vascular occlusion using a solid-phase platelet binding agent

The present invention relates generally to methods and compositions for targeting and delivering solid-phase platelet-dependent vascular occlusion agents. In particular, particles or coils or stents coated with platelet binding agents are directed to target vasculature, such as the vasculature of solid tumor masses or AV-malformations or aneurysms or endoleaks; the solid-phase agent then binds and activates platelets, which in turn bind and activate other platelets. This process results in the rapid formation of a platelet-mediated thrombus about the solid-phase agent causing vessel occlusion

Use of propane as stripper gas in anaerobic digestion of wastewaters

Anaerobic digestion of wastewaters can be made more effective by introducing propane gas from an external source therein in order that the propane gas strips gas produced by the anaerobic digestion (e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, etc.) from the biomass system.

Picture reproduction

Antagonists of pdl-1 and pd-1 for the treatment of hpv-negative cancers

Provided herein are methods of treating HPV-negative tumors comprising administering an effective amount of an antagonist of the PDL-1/PD-1 interaction (e.g., an anti-PDL-1 or anti- PD-1 antibody antigen binding fragment thereof).

Interwoven separator

Provided is an electric storage battery including a jelly roll type electrode assembly having a mandrel. The mandrel includes a positive portion, a negative portion and a removable portion. In some embodiments, the mandrel is planar having two faces with a groove on each of the positive and negative portions. The grooves can be on the same or different faces of the mandrel. The grooves are dimensioned to accommodate a positive and negative feedthrough pin. The electrodes are wrapped around the mandrel using the removable portion to wind the mandrel. Once wrapped, the removable portion can be detached. The positive portion and the negative portion are left in the electrode assembly insulated from each other. The mandrel allows tighter wrapping of the jelly roll assembly, increasing battery miniaturization and also results in electrode assemblies in which after-placement of tabs does not result in burrs or shorting.

Chemical amplification of photosensitive layers

Sheet metal expansible pulley

Methods for identifying modulators of mda-7 mediated apoptosis

The present invention relates to the discoveries that apoptotic effects of the melanoma differentiation associated gene mda-7 (also known as interleukin-24, 'IL-24') on malignant cells occur via the p38 MAPK pathway and members of the Growth Arrest and DNA Damage ('GADD') gene family but are substantially independent of the JAK/STAT pathway. Accordingly, the invention provides for methods for identifying apoptosis-modulating agents using assay methods which determine the ability of a test agent to increase or decrease expression of constituents of the mda-7 apoptosis pathway, preferably in a JAK/STAT substantially independent manner. Such agents may be small molecules or may be fragments, variants and/or derivatives of native MDA-7.

Electrical machine and motor vehicle

Elektrische Maschine umfassend einen Rotor (3) mit einem Rotorkör-per (5), wobei der Rotorkörper (5) mehrere, jeweils wenigstens eine aus mehreren Leiterschleifen (7) gebildete Rotorwicklung (8) tragende Pole (6) aufweist, wobei sich die Pole (6) in einer radialen Richtung des Ro-tors (3) erstrecken und die Leiterschleifen (7) durch jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten Polen (6) ausgebildete Nuten (9) verlaufen, wobei in den Nuten (9) jeweils zwischen den Rotorwicklungen (8) der benachbarten Pole (6) ein sich in radialer Richtung erstreckendes Stützelement (10) angeordnet ist, welches an einem radial außenliegenden Ende der Nut (9) an einem zwischen den benachbarten Polen (6) radial ortsfest angeordneten Widerlagerelement (12) anliegt, wobei das Stützelement (10) bei einer Rotation und/oder einer Erwärmung des Rotors (3) die Leiterschleifen (7) gegen den Rotorkörper (5) drückt. Electrical machine comprising a rotor (3) with a rotor body (5), the rotor body (5) having a plurality of poles (6) each carrying at least one rotor winding (8) formed from a plurality of conductor loops (7), the poles being mutually exclusive (6) extend in a radial direction of the rotor (3) and the conductor loops (7) run through grooves (9) each formed between two adjacent poles (6), in the grooves (9) between the rotor windings (8 ) the adjacent poles (6) a radially extending support element (10) is arranged, which at a radially outer end of the groove (9) rests against an abutment element (12) arranged radially stationary between the adjacent poles (6), wherein the support element (10) presses the conductor loops (7) against the rotor body (5) when the rotor (3) rotates and / or heats up.

Electrochemical cells employing expandable separators

An electrochemical cell is provided comprising a first electrode and a second electrode. A separator, which includes an expansion joint, surrounds and seals the first electrode. The separator may comprise a first major surface and a second major surface substantially opposite the first major surface, and the expansion joint may be coupled between the first major surface and the second major surface.

WITH A COLLOID STABILIZED ADHESIVE LATEX.

Cyclodextrin compounds and methods of making and use thereof

Feedthrough assembly with feature for controlling component position

In some examples, a feedthrough assembly for a medical device may include a ferrule. The ferrule defines an aperture extending through the ferrule from an outer end surface defined by the ferrule to an end inner end surface defined by the ferrule. The aperture includes a first portion having a first diameter and a second portion having a second diameter less than the first diameter. The aperture defines a longitudinal axis extending therethrough and the ferrule defines a ledge between the first and second portions of the aperture that extends radially inward toward the longitudinal axis. The feedthrough assembly further may include a conductive pin within the aperture and an insulating member surrounding at least a portion of the pin. The insulating member may electrically insulate the conductive pin from the ferrule, and the ledge and a surface of the insulating member adjacent the ledge may define a space therebetween.

Method of preparing an electrode

Methods of preparing an electrode are provided. A metal powder can be sintered onto a portion of a lead wire to form a connection region. An additional metal powder can be de-oxidation sintered onto the connection region to form the electrode. The oxides formed during the de-oxidation sintering are then removed from the electrode.

Electronic device manufacturing load port apparatus, systems, and methods

An electronic device manufacturing system includes a factory interface that has a load port. The load port may include a panel having an opening therein and a carrier door opener that seals the opening when the door is closed. The carrier door opener may have a groove along an outer portion of the door. The groove may have a cross-sectional shape of a triangular prism frustum. A hollow O-ring may be seated in the groove and is configured to engage the panel when the carrier door opener is closed against the panel. Methods of assembling a factory interface for an electronic device manufacturing system are also provided, as are other aspects.

Amplification process

A process for amplifying an imagewise exposure of a silver halide photographic element comprises the steps of (a) developing the element to release spectral sensitizing dye from a release compound as a function of silver halide development; (b) adsorbing the spectral sensitizing dye to undeveloped silver halide grains; (c) exposing the element overall to radiation absorbable by released spectral sensitizing dye to render developable silver halide grains to which the released spectral sensitizing dye has been adsorbed and (d) developing silver halide grains.

Tire

Abatement and strip process chamber in a load lock configuration

Embodiments of the present invention a load lock chamber including two or more isolated chamber volumes, wherein one chamber volume is configured for processing a substrate and another chamber volume is configured to provide cooling to a substrate. One embodiment of the present invention provides a load lock chamber having at least two isolated chamber volumes formed in a chamber body assembly. The at least two isolated chamber volumes may be vertically stacked. A first chamber volume may be used to process a substrate disposed therein using reactive species. A second chamber volume may include a cooled substrate support.

Apparatus and method of providing electrical power to an active electronic device embedded within a tire

A method and apparatus for connecting an electronic monitoring device to a pneumatic tire includes the steps of providing a green tire and attaching the electronic monitoring package to an anchoring patch. The anchoring patch having the electronic monitoring package is then mounted to the green tire and cured during the green tire cure process. A battery is then provided and a direct electrical connection between the electronic monitoring package and battery is then formed by plugging the battery into the electronic monitoring package. The electronic monitoring package may also be mounted in the green tire itself and cured with the green tire. The battery is connected to the electronic monitoring package after the cure process.

Valve driver

Silicone acrylic hybrid polymer-based adhesives

Cyclodextrin polymers and cyclodextrins immobilized on a solid surface

Polyionic derivatives of cyclodextrin polymers and cyclodextrins immobilized on a solid surface are disclosed. Compositions and methods for separating a molecular species, including but not limited to a biologically active protein, from a mixture, for the storage of protein factors and for the therapeutic biodelivery of protein factors which employ the polyionic derivatives of cyclodextrin polymers and cyclodextrins immobilized on a solid surface are also disclosed.

Modulation of virus-host cell interactions using cyclic oligosaccharides

The invention discloses novel methods of inhibiting infection of cells by a virus. Carbohydrate blocking agents capable of interacting with the cells or virus are provided which are contacted with the cells under conditions selected to effect interaction of the carbohydrate blocking agent with the cells or virus resulting in interference with binding of the virus with the cells. Suitable carbohydrate blocking agents include but are not limited to linear and cyclodextrins as well as chemically modified derivatives thereof. The invention also provides methods of inhibiting formation of syncytia between cells or virus utilizing linear and cyclodextrins and chemically modified derivatives thereof. The invention further provides methods of inhibiting viral transcriptase utilizing chemically modified derivatives of cyclodextrins. The invention also discloses compositions comprising alpha-, beta-, or gamma-cyclodextrin in combination with nucleoside derivatives or a steroid or non-steroid growth modulating agent which may be used to inhibit virus infection and syncytia formation.

Low-power miniature led-based uv absorption detector with low detection limits for capillary liquid chromatography

A system and method for performing UV LED-based absorption detection for capillary liquid chromatography for detecting and quantifying compounds in a liquid, wherein a simplified system eliminates the need for a beam splitter and a reference cell by using a stable UV source, and power requirements are reduced, resulting in a portable and substantially smaller system with relatively low detection limits.

Label/tag with embedded signaling device and method and apparatus for making and using

A webstock device (31) for providing a signaling function while being relatively camouflaged includes sheet-like webstock material (32), a cavity (37) in the webstock material, a signaling device (34) at least partly contained in the cavity, and means (41, 42) for retaining the signaling device at least partly in the cavity. The cavity in the webstock material is closed by respective layers of material (41, 42) and a cover layer (43) can be printed with desired information, instructions, etc. The signaling device may be an acousto-magnetic signaling device (35, 34), an RF device or other signaling device. The invention also includes methods and apparatus for making the webstock device and methods for using the device.

Utilization of low BTU natural gas

Natural gas of low heating value, high CO 2 content, is converted to valuable products by the combination process of steam reforming the desulfurized gas, subjecting the effluent of the steam reformer to a water gas shift reaction and converting the resultant carbon dioxide, the unreacted carbon monoxide and hydrogen to liquid product useful as fuel, e.g. methanol. In a preferred embodiment, the gas phase separated from the liquid fuel products is processed to provide a gas sufficiently rich in carbon dioxide for use in tertiary recovery of petroleum from natural reservoirs which have produced the quantity of oil available by natural drive.

Processes and systems for formation of high voltage, anodic oxide on a valve metal anode

Processes and systems for formation of high voltage, anodic oxide on a valve metal anode. The processes generally includes immersing a valve metal anode in an electrolyte forming bath comprised of a formation electrolyte, performing an anodization step; and maintaining or regulating the temperature of the formation electrolyte accurately at a temperature at or below 40° C during the anodization step. The anodization firstly under constant current until a target potential is reached and secondly under constant potential at the target potential until the current falls below a predetermined termination current level. The systems generally include a tank configured to receive one or more anodes in an electrolyte forming bath comprised of a formation electrolyte; and a subsystem for cooling and maintaining the formation electrolyte at the desire processing temperature. The systems may further include electronic controls for monitoring and adjusting system or process parameters.

Feedthrough assembly including ferrule with tapered extension(s)

In some examples, a feedthrough assembly a ferrule including a base portion and at least one projection extending from the base portion; a capacitive filter positioned adjacent the base portion of the ferrule such that an outer wall of the capacitive filter faces an inner wall of the at least one projection of the ferrule; a conductive pin extending through an aperture in the ferrule and an aperture in the capacitive filter; and an electrically conductive material between the inner wall of the at least one projection of the ferrule and outer wall of the capacitive filter that electrically couples the ferrule and the capacitive filter to ground the capacitive filter, wherein the inner wall of the at least one projection of the ferrule and the outer wall of the capacitive filter are tapered.

Methods for producing and using in vivo pseudotyped retroviruses using envelope glycoproteins from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

The present invention provides novel pseudotyped retroviral vectors that can transduce human and other cells. Vectors are provided that are packaged efficiently in packaging cells and cell lines to generate high titer recombinant virus stocks expressing novel envelope glycoproteins. The present invention further relates to compositions for gene therapy.

Method of encapsulating an electronic tire tag

A tire tag includes a monitoring package (14), a battery (16), and an antenn a (18) encapsulated within an encapsulation mold. The antenna is connected to the encapsulation mold (46) so that the antenna does not move during the encapsulation process. The antenna remains spaced apart from the monitoring package but connected to the monitoring package by connectors (52) that are completely surrounded by encapsulation material so that the connectors are protected during the operation of the tire tag. The antenna may be connected to the encapsulation mold by an adhesive, by pins, by an interference fit, o r by clips. The connection between the antenna and the monitoring device may b e made by soldered wires or by spring loaded connector pins. The method of encapsulating the tire tag in this manner allows the position of the antenna to be precisely known before, during, and after the encapsulation process.

Radar wear sensing for tire applications

A radar-based-sensing system for a tire includes a plurality of sensors disposed circumferentially around a tire annulus. Each sensor in the plurality of sensors is permanently disposed within the tire annulus. Each sensor in the plurality of sensors is further disposed radially above any metal structures within the tire annulus. Each sensor in the plurality of sensors emits waves and senses reflected waves when rotating.

Methods for producing and using in vivo pseudotyped retroviruses using envelope glycoproteins from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv)

The present invention provides novel pseudotyped retroviral vectors that can transduce human and other cells. Vectors are provided that are packaged efficiently in packaging cells and cell lines to generate high titer recombinant virus stocks expressing novel envelope glycoproteins. The present invention further relates to compositions for gene therapy.

Combination monitoring device and patch for a pneumatic tire and method of installing the same with a coupled antenna

A monitoring device (14) and patch (16) combination used to monitor the conditions of a pneumatic tire having an innerliner includes a monitoring device and a patch. The monitoring device includes at least one sensing element (18) that is adapted to sense a condition of the pneumatic tire. The monitoring device also includes a first electrical pad connected to the sensing element. The monitoring device and first electrical pad (26) are preferably encapsulated in an encapsulation material (30). The patch (16) is adapted to carry the monitoring device (14) and mount the monitoring device on the innerliner of the tire. An antenna (34) is embedded within the patch and a second electrical pad (36) is connected to the antenna. The monitoring device is disposed on the patch in a manner such that the first and second electrical pads are aligned to provide electrical coupling between the pads. The antenna (34) is in communication with the sensing element (18) through the electrical coupling between the pads. The monitoring device and patch may be manufactured in separate facilities and then brought together when they are connected to the innerliner of the tire without the requirement of a physical connection between the sensing element and the antenna.

Method for purification of a protein complex and identification of its components

The present invention provides a method for purifying a protein complex and the components comprising the complex from a cell, a cell or tissue lysate or a whole organism by employing a combined set of affinity tags of high affinity, specificity and ease of elution. The method involves using a protein or a peptide modified to contain one or more affinity tags separated by one or more specific protease cleavage sites to isolate any interacting proteins or fragments thereof. Specifically exemplified is a method employing a modified bait containing AviTag or GST and a removal tag of His 6 hexapeptide positioned proximal to the bait such that any excess bait can be efficiently removed from the purified complex yielding enriched interacting proteins prior to subjecting the complex for further identification of individual components. The identification of the proteins or fragments thereof contained in the protein complex will provide new targets for the identification of new pharmaceuticals and diagnostic tools.

One-way drive device with reduced engagement impact

A drive device includes a first member including a first shoulder, and a second member positioned in close proximity to the first member and including a second shoulder. The device also includes a coupling arrangement including a strut having a first edge for direct engagement with the first shoulder, a second edge for engagement with the second shoulder and supported for pivotal movement between engaged and overrun positions, based on relative rotation of the first and second members such that the first member drives the second member in a drive mode with the strut in the engaged position and the first and second members can overrun with respect to one another with the strut in the overrun position. The coupling arrangement also includes a cushioning member disposed between the second edge and the second shoulder for cushioning each initial engagement of the strut in the drive mode.

Non-attached monitoring assembly for pneumatic tire

A monitoring assembly for a pneumatic tire includes an electronic monitoring device having at least one sensor (10) disposed in a protective body. The monitoring assembly is configured to float on a variety of liquids (110) that are typically disposed within a tire. The protective body (14) is liquid-tight and includes an encapsulation layer that encapsulates the substrate and sensors, a cushion, and a skin on the outside of the cushion. The protective body is substantially spherical allowing the assembly to roll about the inside of a tire without bieng permanently connected to the tire. The monitoring assembly is simply placed in a tire before the tire is mounted on a vehicle rim and allowed to move about loosely in the tire chamber when the tire is in use.

Flat plate electrochemical cell head space insulator

A method of forming a head space insulator for an electrochemical cell is presented. A polymer is selected. The polymer has a melting point lower than the melting point of separator material. The polymer is heated to place the polymer into a liquid state. The liquid polymer is introduced over one or more tabs associated with one or more electrode plates.

Non-planar circuit board and a method for fabricating the same

A method for forming a circuit board is provided. The method includes forming a circuit board substrate (112) from a circuit board material. The method also includes positioning the circuit board substrate on a rigid structure (114) having a three dimensional contoured surface (300). The method further includes applying heat and applying pressure to the circuit board substrate to at least partially conform the circuit board substrate to the three dimensional contoured surface. If the circuit board substrate (112) is a clad circuit board substrate, then a circuit pattern is formed on the circuit board substrate prior to the steps of applying heat and applying pressure. However, if the circuit board substrate (112) is an unclad circuit board substrate, then a circuit pattern is disposed on the circuit board substrate after the steps of applying heat and applying pressure.

Process for producing polycrystalline silicon

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von polykristallinem Silicium, umfassend Einleiten eines Wasserstoff und Silan und/oder Halogensilan enthaltenden Reaktionsgases in einen Reaktionsraum eines Gasphasenabscheidungsreaktors, wobei der Reaktionsraum mindestens einen durch Stromdurchgang erhitzten Filamentstab umfasst, auf welchem Silicium unter Bildung eines polykristallinen Siliciumstabs abgeschieden wird. Zur Bestimmung der Morphologie des Siliciumstabs wird dabei - ein erster Widerstandswert R 1 des Siliciumstabs bestimmt nach (I) mit U = Spannung zwischen zwei Enden des Siliciumstabs, I = Stromstärke - und ein zweiter Widerstandswert R 2 des Siliciumstabs bestimmt nach (II) mit p = spezifischer Widerstand von Silicium, L = Länge des Siliciumstabs, A = Querschnittsfläche des Siliciumstabs, und aus dem Verhältnis R 1 /R 2 eine Morphologiekennzahl M berechnet, wobei die Abscheidung derart gesteuert wird, dass M einen Wert von 0,8 bis 2,5 hat.

Method and apparatus for sealing flex circuits made with an lcp substrate

A method and apparatus is disclosed for affixing a cover layer formed of liquid crystal polymer to a flex circuit consisting of circuit elements mounted to a liquid crystal polymer substrate in order to encapsulate the circuit elements between the cover layer and substrate to protect them from exposure to moisture and contaminants.

Systems and method for igniting explosives

Systems and methods are presented herein that provide for ignition of explosive devices through electric and/or electromagnetic discharge. In one embodiment, an electrostatic discharge is directionally propagated through air to conduct electric current to the explosive device. The electric current may ignite the explosive device via heat, via triggering of ignition circuitry, via induced electric current conduction to the explosive material therein and/or via direct electric conduction to the explosive material therein. Alternatively, or in addition to, electromagnetic energy may be directionally propagated to the device through a waveguide. Such electromagnetic energy may be in the microwave region and may heat and/or induce electric current in the explosive device. In either instance, the directionally propagated energy may be time varying. In one embodiment, a system is configured with a vehicle to distally position the directionally propagated energy to the explosive device such that damage caused by the device is inhibited.

Electronic tire management system

An electronic tire maintenance system is provided for measuring a parameter of a device at a first location. The system includes a sensor (18) for measuring the device parameter and generating a data signal representing the measured parameter. The system also includes a microprocessor (16) coupled to the sensor (18) for activating the sensor (18) on a first periodic basis to measure the device parameter. The microprocessor (16) includes a memory for storing the generated data signal representing the measured parameter. A transmitter/receiver (21) is coupled to the microprocessor (16). The microprocessor (16) periodically partially awakens to determine, on a second periodic basis, if a received transmission is a valid interrogation signal and, if so, fully awakens and responds to the valid interrogation signal, via the transmitter, by at least transmitting the last stored measured parameter. In one embodiment, the device is a tire tag (14) mounted inside a tire that measure tire data and transmits that data to a remote source (26) in response to an interrogation request, an alert condition, or automatically on a periodic basis.