Oral irrigator appliance with radiant energy delivery for bactericidal effect

An oral irrigator includes a base having a pump mechanism, a reservoir housed within the base and fluidically connected with the pump mechanism. A handle with a jet tip is connected with an outlet from the pump mechanism to receive a pressurized fluid stream from the reservoir to direct a fluid at a surface inside an oral cavity. The oral irrigator also includes a radiant energy source and delivery system for directing radiant energy at a surface inside an oral cavity.

ARTICULATING SHOWER ARM

An improved shower arm having an elbow portion adapted to fluidly communicate with a shower head and an arm portion adapted to fluidly communicate with a water supply. The arm portion is pivotably coupled with the elbow portion about a long axis of the elbow portion, with the long axis of the elbow portion and a long axis of the arm portion forming an angle. Also, the shower arm includes a locking mechanism having one or more sets of splines to securely lock the relative position of the arm and elbow portions. The splines may be coupled and decoupled by a variety of mechanisms, including: hydraulic pressure generated by a restrictor plate; a spring forcing the sets of splines together; and a pair of magnets. 1. An articulating shower arm , comprising:an elbow portion adapted to fluidly communicate with a water supply;an arm portion adapted to fluidly communicate with a shower head, the arm portion pivotably coupled with the elbow portion about a long axis of the elbow portion, the long axis of the elbow portion and a long axis of the arm portion forming an angle, the arm portion and the elbow portion forming a continuous channel configured to fluidly connect the water supply with the shower head; andmeans for selectively locking and pivoting the position of the arm portion relative to the elbow portion.2. The articulating shower arm of wherein:the arm portion further comprises a receiving end, the receiving end comprising one or more arm splines; andthe elbow portion further comprises an insertion end, the insertion end comprising one or more elbow splines, the elbow splines complementary to the arm splines;wherein the arm portion and elbow portion are engaged by the interaction of the one or more elbow splines with the one or more arm splines when the insertion end or the elbow portion resides inside the receiving end of the arm portion.3. The articulating shower arm of wherein interaction of the one or more elbow splines with the one or more arm splines causes the ...

Enhanced elastomeric stator insert via reinforcing agent distribution and orientation

A progressive cavity type motor or pump including a stator insert with a reinforcing agent dispersed in a manner to improve properties of the stator insert. The reinforcing agent may be a fiber, nanotube, metal, ceramic, or polymer. A dispersing agent may be used to obtain a homogenous distribution. A magnetic reinforcing agent may be incorporated into a stator insert. The stator insert is subjected to a magnetic field to orient the magnetic reinforcing agent in a particular orientation. The magnetic field may also reposition the magnetic reinforcing agent within the stator insert. The stator insert may be formed by injection molding, transfer, or compression molding among other methods.

Powered Irrigator for Sinus Cavity Rinse with Detachable Reservoir

A powered irrigator for use in rinsing nasal cavities including a main body having a handle and fluid reservoir detachably coupled to one another, an outlet nozzle extending from a top end of the handle, a pump mechanism operably coupled to a power source, and a switch operably coupled to the power source for turning the pump mechanism on and off, and when the switch turns on the pump mechanism, fluid flows from the fluid reservoir into a first fluid coupling between the reservoir and the pump mechanism and into a second fluid coupling between the pump mechanism to the outlet nozzle. The reservoir includes a generally centrically body defining a cavity and at least two tabs connected to the cylindrical body and extending inwards therefrom. The at least two tabs operably connect the reservoir to the handle portion to releasably secure the reservoir to the handle portion. 1. A sinus irrigator comprising:a handle portion;an outlet nozzle extending from a top end of the handle;a pump mechanism operably coupled to a power source and received within the handle portion; and a generally cylindrical body defining a cavity; and', 'at least two tabs operably connected to the cylindrical body and extending inwards from the cylindrical body towards the cavity; wherein', 'the at least two tabs operably connect the reservoir to the handle portion to releasably secure the reservoir to the handle portion., 'a reservoir operably connected to the handle portion, the reservoir including'}2. The sinus irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the at least two tabs extend inwards towards the cavity from an upper edge of the cylindrical body.3. The sinus irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the handle further includes a rim operably connected to the handle portion claim 1 , the rim includes at least two interfacing members for operably connecting to the at least two tabs of the reservoir.4. The sinus irrigator of claim 3 , wherein the at least two interfacing members are at least two slots defined within ...

Pump for Powered Irrigator for Sinus Cavity Rinse

A powered irrigator for use in rinsing nasal cavities provides a main body having a handle and fluid reservoir detachably coupled to one another, an outlet nozzle extending from a top end of the handle, a pump mechanism operably coupled to a power source, and a switch operably coupled to the power source for turning the pump mechanism on and off, and when the switch turns on the pump mechanism, fluid flows from the fluid reservoir into a first fluid coupling between the reservoir and the pump mechanism and into a second fluid coupling between the pump mechanism to the outlet nozzle.

MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN, SONIC TOOTHBRUSH SYSTEM

A sonic toothbrush system includes an electric motor, a brush shaft, and a drive assembly. The electric motor includes a drive shaft. When the electric motor is caused to operate, the drive shaft continuously rotates until the motor is caused to stop. The drive assembly is coupled between the drive shaft and the brush shaft. The drive assembly is configured to convert the rotation of the drive shaft into sonic oscillation of a toothbrush head supported on an end of the brush shaft. 1. A sonic toothbrush comprisingan electric motor including a drive shaft, wherein, when the electric motor is caused to operate, the drive shaft continuously rotates until the motor is caused to stop;a brush shaft; anda drive assembly coupled between the drive shaft and the brush shaft and configured to convert the rotation of the drive shaft into sonic oscillation of a toothbrush head supported on an end of the brush shaft.2. The sonic toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the drive assembly includes a coupler and an eccentric pin claim 1 , wherein the coupler has a first end and a second end claim 1 , the first end operably coupled to the brush shaft and the eccentric pin rotationally received within the second end claim 1 , the rotation of the drive shaft causing the eccentric pin to rotate within the second end claim 1 , the rotation of the eccentric pin causing the coupler to oscillate.3. The sonic toothbrush of claim 2 , wherein the drive assembly further comprises a crank arm interconnected between the drive shaft and the coupler.4. The sonic toothbrush of claim 3 , wherein the crank arm is fixedly connected to the drive shaft on a first side and fixedly connected to a rearward end shaft of the eccentric pin on a second side opposite the first side.5. The sonic toothbrush of claim 4 , wherein the rearward end shaft of the eccentric pin is axially aligned with an axis of the drive shaft and a mid portion of the eccentric pin is axially offset from the axis of the drive shaft.6. The sonic ...

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Reinforced Stators and Fabrication Methods

A stator for a progressive cavity pump or motor comprises a tubular housing having a central axis. In addition, the stator comprises a stator insert coaxially disposed within the housing. The stator insert has a radially outer surface that engages the housing and a radially inner surface defining a helical-shaped through bore extending axially through the stator insert. The stator insert includes an insert body and an insert liner attached to the insert body. The insert body is radially positioned between the housing and the insert liner. The insert body comprises a reinforcement structure and a plurality of voids dispersed within the reinforcement structure.

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Handheld Showerhead with Mode Selector in Handle

A handheld showerhead including a showerhead portion, a handle portion, and a movable mode selector portion. The mode selector portion includes a rotationally-fixed first end coupling and a rotationally-fixed second end coupling, which is concentrically aligned with the first end coupling, and a rotatable control knob body. The movable mode selector includes a fluid seal coupled to the rotatable knob body, the first fluid seal including at least one fluid control aperture. The second end coupling also includes a fluid inlet aperture and a fluid outlet aperture. The inlet aperture is in fluid communication with a fluid supply, and the outlet aperture is in fluid communication with the control knob body. A second fluid seal is positioned between the second end coupling and the control knob body. A single mechanical fastener axially couples the control knob body to the first end coupling and the second end coupling. 1. A handheld showerhead comprisinga showerhead portion;a handle portion in fluid communication with a fluid supply and the showerhead portion; and a rotationally-fixed first end coupling comprising a plurality of fluid apertures;', 'a rotatable control knob body;', 'a first fluid seal positioned between the first end coupling and the control knob body, the first fluid seal coupled to the control knob body;', 'at least one fluid control aperture within the first fluid seal;', a fluid outlet aperture in fluid communication with the control knob body;', 'a fluid inlet aperture in fluid communication with a fluid supply;, 'a rotationally-fixed second end coupling concentrically aligned with the first end coupling comprising'}, 'a second fluid seal positioned between the second end coupling and the control knob body;', 'a single mechanical fastener axially coupling the control knob body with the first end coupling and the second end coupling., 'a moveable mode selector portion comprising'}2. The handheld showerhead of claim 1 , wherein the first end coupling ...

BRACKET FOR SHOWERHEAD WITH INTEGRAL FLOW CONTROL

A showerhead bracket having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a valve and a valve housing. the valve may be operably connected between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The valve includes a valve inlet port, a low flow exit port and a high flow exit port. The valve housing is disposed between the fluid inlet and the valve inlet port. And the valve can selectively rotate within the valve housing. 121-. (canceled)22. A showerhead bracket comprisinga bracket housing defining a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;a spool that is selectively rotatable relative to the bracket housing to adjust a flow rate of fluid flowing from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet;a spring-biased fluid seal supported within the spool defining a metering hole; anda cradle configured to support a showerhead handle that is selectively rotatable relative to the bracket housing;wherein rotation of the spool to a low flow position positions the fluid seal against the fluid outlet such that fluid is directed through the metering hole.23. The showerhead bracket of claim 22 , further comprising a stop element formed in the bracket housing that interfaces with a surface of the spool claim 22 , wherein the stop element limits a rotational distance of the spool.24. The showerhead bracket of claim 22 , further comprising a plurality of ribs positioned within the fluid outlet claim 22 , wherein the ribs prevent the fluid seal from entering the fluid outlet.25. The showerhead bracket of claim 22 , wherein the spool defines a cavity forming a fluid passage between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet claim 22 , wherein rotation of the spool relative to the bracket housing adjusts a size of the fluid passage in communication with the fluid outlet.26. The showerhead bracket of claim 25 , wherein the spool further comprises a cam wall that defines a narrowing fluid passage to adjust a flow rate of fluid flowing from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet claim 25 , wherein the cam wall comprises a decreasing radius ...

Uveoscleral shunt and methods for implanting same

Devices and methods for treating intraocular pressure are disclosed. The devices include shunts for draining aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the uveoscleral outflow pathway, including the supraciliary space and the suprachoroidal space. The shunts are preferably implanted by ab interno procedures.

ORAL IRRIGATOR WITH INTEGRATED LID AND BASE

An irrigating device including a massage mode module in communication with a motor driving a pump. During a normal mode the pump has a first pulse rate and during massage mode the massage mode module provides a massage control signal to the motor to cause the pump to have a second pulse rate. In other embodiments, the disclosure includes an oral irrigator including a base and a reservoir removably connected to the base. The oral irrigator further includes a prow operably connected to the base and extending vertically upwards from the base. The prow may extend in a similar direction as sidewalls of the reservoir. The oral irrigator further includes a lid rotatably connected to the prow. The lid rotates between a first position where a fluid cavity of the reservoir is exposed to a second position where the lid covers at least a portion of the fluid cavity. 1. An oral irrigator comprisinga base;a prow connected to the base and extending upwards therefrom;a reservoir defining a fluid cavity, wherein the reservoir is removably connected to the base; anda lid rotatably connected to the prow; whereinthe lid rotates relative to the prow between a first position exposing the fluid cavity to a second position covering at least a portion of the fluid cavity.2. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the lid remains connected to the prow when the reservoir is removed from the base.3. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , further comprising a storage compartment defined by an inner wall of the prow and a sidewall of the reservoir.4. The oral irrigator of claim 3 , wherein the prow further comprises a shelf extending from the inner wall claim 3 , wherein the shelf comprises at least one tip aperture configured to receive an accessory of the oral irrigator.5. The oral irrigator of claim 4 , wherein the base further comprisesa top surface;at least one drain path recessed below the top surface and in fluid communication with therewith; andan outlet defined in a sidewall of the base in ...

Magnetodynamic propulsion system and method

The present application discloses a propulsion system and method of propulsion which provides thrust without the ejection of propellant, without reaction, and without an external mass to react against. The basic propulsion system comprises; a means for motion, an electric motor, that convey rotary motion to a source of magnetic field, a rotor generating a magnetic field that interact magnetically with a stationary source of magnetic field, a stator, generating a stationary magnetic field. Magnetic interactions between the spinning magnetic field interacting magnetically while moving through the magnetic field space of the stationary magnetic field; generates a gyroscopic force and a Lorentz force without the ejection of propellant; without reliance on an external mass to react against, and without reaction as recognized in the Newton's Third Law Exception in accordance with the established principles of electrodynamics and modern physics.

Repellents, Repellent Systems, Methods of Forming Repellents, and Methods of Repelling Pests

Repellents that contain wax, oil and a repelling agent containing pepper are disclosed. Systems of repellents applied to a substrate to repel pests are disclosed. Methods of forming wax and pepper-containing repellents and methods of repelling pests that include applying wax-containing repellents to substrates are disclosed.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

ORAL CLEANSING DEVICE WITH REMOVABLE BASE

A toothbrush or oral cleaning implement including a handle defining a first fluid conduit and a handle inlet port, a brush tip extending from a first end of the handle and defining a second fluid conduit, the second fluid conduit in fluid communication with the first fluid conduit, a brush head supported on an end of the brush tip including a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid conduit, a handle valve positioned between the handle inlet port and the first fluid conduit, and a base removably connected to the second end of the handle. The base including a base fluid inlet port that connects with an external fluid source, a base fluid outlet port in fluid communication with the base fluid inlet port, and a base valve that selectively opens and closes the base fluid outlet port. 1. A toothbrush with water flossing features comprising:a handle defining a first fluid conduit therein and a handle inlet port;a brush tip extending from a first end of the handle and defining a second fluid conduit therein, the second fluid conduit in fluid communication with the first fluid conduit;a brush head supported on a distal end of the brush tip, wherein the brush head comprises a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid conduit; a base fluid inlet port configured for connection with an external fluid source;', 'a base fluid outlet port in fluid communication with the base fluid inlet port;', 'a base valve configured to selectively open and close the base fluid outlet port; and, 'a base removably connected to a second end of the handle, the base comprisinga handle valve positioned between the handle inlet port and the first fluid conduit;wherein when the base is connected to the toothbrush, the base valve and the handle valve are open such that fluid can flow through the base fluid outlet port, into the first fluid conduit, into the second fluid conduit, and out the fluid outlet.2. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein when the base is removed from ...

DUAL TURBINE SHOWERHEAD

A dual turbine showerhead provides multiple spray modes emanating from the head. The showerhead includes an inlet orifice, a backplate, a first turbine located side-by-side with a second turbine, a faceplate forming a first orifice group and a second orifice group, a first fluid channel in fluid communication with the first and second turbines and the first orifice group, and a second fluid channel in fluid communication with the second orifice group. In another embodiment, the showerhead includes first and a second turbines located side-by-side and a valve body that channels a fluid to the first turbine and the second turbine. In another embodiment, the showerhead includes a first and a second turbine located side-by-side along a centerline of the showerhead, a corresponding outlet region is arranged along the centerline and additional outlet regions are laterally spaced therefrom. 1. A showerhead , comprisingan inlet orifice;a backplate in fluid communication with the inlet orifice;a first turbine in fluid communication with the backplate;a second turbine in fluid communication with the backplate, wherein the first and second turbines are located side-by-side;a faceplate comprising first and second orifice groups formed therein; whereinthe backplate and faceplate jointly define a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel;the first fluid channel is in fluid communication with the first and second turbines and the first orifice group; andthe second fluid channel is in fluid communication with the second orifice group.2. The showerhead of claim 1 , further comprising a valve structure that directs fluid to the first fluid channel to deliver the fluid past the first and second turbines and through the first orifice group in a first spray mode claim 1 , andthe valve structure directs the fluid to the second fluid channel to deliver the fluid through the second orifice group in a second spray mode.3. The showerhead of claim 2 , wherein the showerhead further ...

MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN, SONIC TOOTHBRUSH SYSTEM

A sonic toothbrush system includes an electric motor, a brush shaft, and a drive assembly. The electric motor includes a drive shaft. When the electric motor is caused to operate, the drive shaft continuously rotates until the motor is caused to stop. The drive assembly is coupled between the drive shaft and the brush shaft. The drive assembly is configured to convert the rotation of the drive shaft into sonic oscillation of a toothbrush head supported on an end of the brush shaft. 1a motor including a drive shaft, wherein, when the electric motor is caused to operate, the drive shaft continuously rotates until the motor is caused to stop;a brush shaft; anda drive assembly coupled between the drive shaft and the brush shaft and configured to convert the rotation of the drive shaft into sonic oscillation of a toothbrush head supported on an end of the brush shaft.. A sonic toothbrush comprising The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/462,614, filed May 2, 2012, which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. provisional application No. 61/481,357 filed 2 May 2011 entitled “Mechanically driven sonic toothbrush system,” which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The present disclosure relates to oral health products. More specifically, the present invention relates to sonic toothbrush systems.The state of the art in sonic toothbrush technology centers around drive systems that create a desired oscillating toothbrush output motion by using electro-magnetic drivers and centering return springs to directly create oscillating motion. No continuous input rotation or drivers are involved in these electro-magnetic systems and such electro-magnetic systems have a relatively high production cost.There are also currently many toothbrushes that provide oscillating output brush motion from continuously rotating input drivers. Such mechanically-driven toothbrushes typically have a reduced manufacturing cost ...

Color management for fabrication systems

A computer program product including machine executable instructions stored on machine readable media for implementing a method for controlling color reproduction during manufacture of fabric for a garment is provided. The method includes: obtaining appearance information descriptive of the appearance desired for the fabric; obtaining color profile information for a device that generated the appearance information; updating the appearance information with the color profile information; selecting parts information descriptive of the geometry of at least one part of the garment and applying the updated appearance information to provide updated parts information; and storing the updated parts information for reference during the manufacture. A system and a method are described.

ORAL IRRIGATOR WITH RESERVOIR VALVE

An oral irrigator includes a base, a reservoir supported by the base and including a bottom wall and a port defined in the bottom wall, and a valve received in the port. The valve is movable between a first position in which the port is open to allow fluid flow from the reservoir to the base and a second position in which the port is closed by the valve. The valve includes a body, a cap extending from a first end of the body, a flange extending from a second end of the body opposite the first end, a sealing member positioned around the body adjacent the cap, and a spring positioned around the body adjacent the flange. 1. An oral irrigator comprising:a base;a reservoir supported by the base, the reservoir including a bottom wall and a port defined in the bottom wall of the reservoir; anda valve received in the port and movable between a first position in which the port is open to allow fluid flow from the reservoir to the base and a second position in which the port is closed by the valve, the valve including a body, a cap extending from a first end of the body, a flange extending from a second end of the body opposite the first end, a sealing member positioned around the body beneath the cap, and a spring positioned around the body between the sealing member and the flange;wherein:the cap and the sealing member are positioned on a first side of the bottom wall, with the sealing member positioned between the cap and the bottom wall;the flange and the spring are positioned on a second side of the bottom wall opposite the first side, with the spring positioned between the bottom wall and the flange such that the spring biases the valve toward the second position;when the valve is in the first position, the cap and the sealing member are spaced from the bottom wall to allow water to flow through the port, and the spring is compressed between the flange and the bottom wall; andwhen the valve is in the second position, the sealing member is sealed against the reservoir ...

ORAL IRRIGATOR WITH SLIDE PAUSE SWITCH

An oral irrigator including a handle through which fluid flows to a tip. Fluid flows to the tip during irrigate mode, and fluid flow may be interrupted by selecting a pause mode. The handle includes a mechanically controlled actuator for selecting the pause mode. The actuator may include a rack gear operably connected to a pinion gear formed on a valve spool inside the handle. The valve spool may include a ball that blocks fluid flow to the tip during pause mode but not during irrigate mode. 1. An oral irrigator handle comprisinga housing;a fluid inlet into the housing;a fluid outlet from the housing;a valve body positioned between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet;a valve spool positioned within the valve body; anda mechanical pause control actuator that interfaces with the valve spool, wherein actuation of the mechanical pause control moves the valve spool from an open position to a paused position within the valve body to interrupt fluid flow through the handle.2. The oral irrigator handle of any of claim 1 , wherein the valve spool comprises a pinion gear extending from an outer surface of the valve spool.3. The oral irrigator handle of claim 2 , wherein the mechanical pause control actuator comprises a rack gear claim 2 , wherein the pinion gear engages with the rack gear claim 2 , such that when the mechanical pause control actuator is actuated the engagement between the rack gear and the pinion gear converts a first type of motion to a second type of motion.4. The oral irrigator handle of claim 3 , wherein the mechanical pause control actuator is actuated by moving linearly relative to the valve body.5. The oral irrigator of claim 4 , wherein the first type of motion is linear motion and the second type of motion is rotational motion.6. The oral irrigator handle of claim 5 , wherein rotation of the pinion gear rotates the valve spool to move the valve spool to the paused position.7. The oral irrigator handle of any of claim 1 , further comprisinga biasing ...

SHOWERHEAD BRACKET

A showerhead bracket having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a valve and a valve housing. The valve may be operably connected between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The valve includes a valve inlet port, a low flow exit port and a high flow exit port. The valve housing is disposed between the fluid inlet and the valve inlet port. The valve can selectively rotate within the valve housing. 1. A showerhead bracket comprising:a bracket housing defining a fluid inlet attachable to a shower pipe and a fluid outlet attachable to a showerhead assembly including a showerhead handle;a cradle configured to support the showerhead handle and selectively rotatable by a user relative to the bracket housing, the cradle including a cradle shaft for connecting the cradle to the bracket housing; anda spring received between the bracket housing and the cradle, the spring defining a central aperture through which the cradle shaft extends and including an outer surface having teeth for preventing the cradle from rotating relative to the bracket housing when no rotational force is applied to the cradle by the user, wherein the outer surface deforms radially inward when a rotational force is applied to the cradle by the user to permit the cradle to rotate relative to the bracket housing.2. The showerhead bracket of claim 1 , wherein:the spring is received within a cavity defined by the cradle and the bracket housing; andthe teeth engage corresponding teeth on a wall at least partially defining the cavity to prevent the cradle from rotating relative to the bracket housing.3. The showerhead bracket of claim 2 , wherein engagement of the teeth and the corresponding teeth prevents the cradle from rotating relative to the bracket housing when no rotational force is applied to the cradle.4. The showerhead bracket of claim 2 , wherein spring and frictional forces between the teeth and the corresponding teeth maintain the position of the teeth relative to the corresponding teeth when the ...

HANDHELD SHOWERHEAD WITH MODE SELECTOR IN HANDLE

A handheld showerhead including a showerhead portion, a handle portion, and a movable mode selector portion. The mode selector portion includes a rotationally-fixed first end coupling and a rotationally-fixed second end coupling, which is concentrically aligned with the first end coupling, and a rotatable control knob body. The movable mode selector includes a fluid seal coupled to the rotatable knob body, the first fluid seal including at least one fluid control aperture. The second end coupling also includes a fluid inlet aperture and a fluid outlet aperture. The inlet aperture is in fluid communication with a fluid supply, and the outlet aperture is in fluid communication with the control knob body. A second fluid seal is positioned between the second end coupling and the control knob body. A single mechanical fastener axially couples the control knob body to the first end coupling and the second end coupling. 1. A handheld showerhead comprisinga handle portion including a fluid inlet; a plurality of fluid channels, wherein a first one of the fluid channels is in fluid communication with a first set of the plurality of nozzles and a second one of the fluid channels is in fluid communication with a second set of the plurality of nozzles; and', 'a showerhead base wall defining two or more apertures each in fluid communication with a respective one of the plurality of fluid channels;, 'a showerhead portion extending from the handle portion and having a plurality of nozzles;'} a control knob mounted between the handle portion and the showerhead portion and configured to rotate about an axis; and', 'a rotatable selection structure connected to the control knob and configured to rotate about the axis, wherein the selection structure defines a fluid cavity and an outlet aperture that is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet; and, 'a mode selector having'}wherein rotation of the control knob rotates the selection structure and selectively aligns the outlet aperture ...

ILLUMINATING FEEDBACK DURING TEETH CLEANING

A toothbrush is disclosed. The toothbrush includes a handle, a brush tip coupled to the handle, the brush tip including a plurality of bristles, a motor housed within the handle for operating the brush tip, a power source coupled to the motor, one or more lights coupled to the handle and viewable by a user when holding the handle, and a control module housed within the handle and in communication with the one or more lights, wherein the control module is configured to monitor a pressure exerted by the brush tip on a surface, determine when the exerted pressure exceeds a pressure threshold, and, in response to the exerted pressure exceeding the pressure threshold, activate the one or more lights to alert the user that the exerted pressure exceeds the pressure threshold. 1. A toothbrush comprising:a handle;a brush tip coupled to the handle, the brush tip including a plurality of bristles;a motor housed within the handle for operating the brush tip;a power source coupled to the motor;one or more lights coupled to the handle and viewable by a user when holding the handle; and monitor a pressure exerted by the brush tip on a surface;', 'determine when the exerted pressure exceeds a pressure threshold; and', 'in response to the exerted pressure exceeding the pressure threshold, activate the one or more lights to alert the user that the exerted pressure exceeds the pressure threshold., 'a control module housed within the handle and in communication with the one or more lights, wherein the control module is configured to2. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the one or more lights are one or more light emitting diodes.3. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the pressure threshold is an absolute pressure magnitude value or a delta pressure value.4. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the control module determines the pressure exerted by the brush tip by directly measuring force applied to the plurality of bristles.5. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the control module ...

DENTAL WATER JET

A dental water jet provides a pressurized water stream for cleaning gums and teeth. The embodiment includes a base unit defining a cavity. The cavity contains a pump, which may move pressurized water from a reservoir to a tip in fluid communication with the pump. A flow control knob may be turned to selectively adjust the water pressure supplied by the tip between a minimum and a maximum value. Fluid may flow from the reservoir and ultimately into the tip to provide oral irrigation and/or cleaning of the teeth, gums, and tongue. 1. A dental water jet comprises:a base housing enclosing a pump system driven by the piston and a motor which drives the piston;a gear housing attached to the bottom of the base housing, wherein the gear housing houses a first gear attached to a motor shaft on the motor, wherein the motor is located above the gear housing and the motor shaft passes through the gear housing and into the first gear wherein the first gear engages a second gear which drives the piston;a drain hole located at the bottom of the gear housing operable to direct liquids out of the gear housing;a handle with a removable tip fluidly connected to the pump system;a fluid reservoir removably positioned on the base; anda tube which fluidly connects the pump system to the handle.2. The dental water jet of claim 1 , wherein the base housing is supported on a bottom surface by elastomer support cushions.3. The dental water jet of claim 1 , wherein the handle having a tip ejection switch which slides longitudinally along a portion of a length of the handle.4. The dental water jet of claim 3 , wherein the tip ejection switch comprises a slide switch portion and an aperture portion claim 3 , wherein the aperture portion engages the tip and prevents it from disconnecting from the pump system.5. The dental water jet of claim 4 , wherein the removable tip includes a retention groove which engages an aperture in the aperture portion.6. The dental water jet of claim 5 , wherein the ...

SHOWERHEAD BRACKET

A showerhead bracket including a bracket body, a spool rotatable relative to the bracket body, and a flow control knob non-rotatably connected to the spool such that the flow control knob and the spool rotate together relative to the bracket body. The flow control knob non-slidably connected to the spool to inhibit axial disengagement of the flow control knob from the spool. 1. A showerhead bracket comprising:a bracket body including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;a spool disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and rotatable relative to the bracket body, the spool defining a fluid passage for selectively coupling the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet depending on the rotational position of the spool relative to the bracket body; anda flow control knob non-slidably and non-rotatably connected to the spool such that the flow control knob and the spool rotate together relative to the bracket body, while inhibiting axial disengagement of the flow control knob from the spool.2. The showerhead bracket of claim 1 , wherein the flow control knob and the spool are aligned along a common rotational axis.3. The showerhead bracket of claim 1 , wherein:a first portion of the spool is received within the bracket body; anda second portion of the spool projects outwardly from the bracket body.4. The showerhead bracket of claim 3 , wherein the flow control knob is connected to the second portion of the spool.5. The showerhead bracket of claim 3 , wherein the flow control knob is mounted onto the second portion of the spool.6. The showerhead bracket of claim 1 , wherein the spool includes one or more prongs that engage the flow control knob to secure the flow control knob to the spool.7. The showerhead bracket of claim 6 , wherein the one or more prongs comprise a pair of prongs positioned on opposing sides of the spool.8. The showerhead bracket of claim 6 , wherein the spool includes one or more arcuate cylindrical walls claim 6 , which claim 6 , together with the one ...

Electronic Toothbrush with Vibration Dampening

An electronically powered toothbrush. The toothbrush includes a brush head including a plurality of bristles, a motor, and an output shaft connected to the brush head and the motor. The output shaft is selectively rotated by the motor. The toothbrush further includes a bumper assembly connected to the output shaft and configured to conserve kinetic energy from the output shaft during rotation and reapply the kinetic energy to the output shaft. 1. A toothbrush comprising:a brush head including a plurality of bristles;a motor;an output shaft connected to the brush head and the motor, wherein the output shaft is selectively rotated by the motor; anda bumper assembly connected to the output shaft and configured to conserve kinetic energy from the output shaft during rotation and reapply the kinetic energy to the output shaft.2. The too brush of claim 1 , wherein the bumper assembly comprisesa first bumper; anda second bumper; whereinthe first bumper and the second bumper substantially surround a portion of the output shaft.3. The toothbrush of claim 2 , wherein the bumper assembly further comprises a dowel pin claim 2 , wherein the dowel pin is received through the output shaft and connects both the first bumper and the second bumper to the output shaft.4. The toothbrush of claim 2 , wherein the first bumper and the second bumper are a deformable material.5. The toothbrush of claim 1 , further comprisinga linkage assembly connecting the motor to the output shaft; anda chassis assembly supporting the motor and the linkage assembly.6. The toothbrush of claim 5 , further comprising a housing attached to the brush head claim 5 , wherein the motor claim 5 , the output shaft claim 5 , the linkage assembly claim 5 , and the chassis assembly are received within the housing.7. The toothbrush of claim 6 , further comprising a boot seal positioned between a top end of the chassis and an interior surface of the housing.8. The toothbrush of claim 6 , further comprising at least two ...

MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN, SONIC TOOTHBRUSH AND WATER FLOSSER

A sonic toothbrush system including an electric motor, a brush shaft, a drive assembly, a fluid conduit connected to a pressurized, pulsed water source, and a water jet nozzle positioned on the brush head and connected to the fluid conduit. The electric motor includes a drive shaft. When the electric motor is caused to operate, the drive shaft continuously rotates until the motor is caused to stop. The drive assembly is coupled between the drive shaft and brush shaft. The drive assembly is configured to convert the rotation of the drive shaft into sonic oscillation of a toothbrush supported on an end of the brush shaft. The drive assembly further forms part of the fluid conduit to deliver a pulsed water stream to the jet nozzle. 1. A toothbrush with combined sonic brushing and water flossing attributes comprisingan electric motor including a drive shaft, wherein, when the electric motor is caused to operate, the drive shaft continuously rotates in a single direction;a brush tip supporting a brush head on a distal end and defining a fluid conduit therein;a drive assembly coupled between the drive shaft and the brush tip and configured to convert rotation of the drive shaft into sonic oscillation of the brush head whereby the brush tip pivots back and forth about a longitudinal axis of the brush tip; anda fluid passage configured to transport fluid from a fluid source external to the toothbrush to the fluid conduit in the brush tip, wherein a portion of the fluid passage is formed within the drive assembly.2. The toothbrush of further comprisinga motor control circuit in electrical communication with the electric motor; anda motor control switch in electric communication with the motor control circuit; whereinthe motor control circuit is configured to change an output speed of the electric motor and thus a rotational speed of the drive shaft upon actuation of the motor control switch.3. The toothbrush of further comprisinga fluid control switch; anda radio frequency ...

ORAL HYGIENE SYSTEM

An apparatus for oral hygiene is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a base unit containing a reservoir, an oral irrigation handle, a sonic toothbrush, and an accessory container. The apparatus may include a pump, which may move pressurized water from a reservoir to a tip in fluid communication with the pump. The apparatus contains a drive mechanism in a gear housing that is continually drained by one or more apertures in the base. The base may include a plurality of footings that elevate the base unit above a surface supporting the base unit. The oral irrigation handle includes a pause switch that translates longitude motion into rotational motion to close a valve. 1. A dental hygiene apparatus comprisinga base housing including a toothbrush receptacle formed as a contiguous part of the base housing;a reservoir having a volume for holding a fluid mounted on the base housing; a high voltage direct current motor;', 'a helical pinion gear connected to the motor;', 'a helical driven gear in meshed engagement with the helical pinion gear;', 'an eccentric bushing mounted on a top surface of the helical driven gear; and', 'a plunger operably connected to the eccentric bushing;, 'a pump system enclosed within the base housing and in fluid communication with the reservoir, the pump system comprising'}an oral irrigation handle with a removable tip fluidly connected to the pump system via a tube;a toothbrush removably positioned within the toothbrush receptacle; andan accessory storage container connected to the base housing and positioned adjacent the reservoir; whereinactivation of the motor causes rotation the helical pinion gear, which in turn drives the helical driven gear, and causes the plunger to selectively pump fluid from the reservoir to the tube and out the removable tip.2. The dental hygiene apparatus of claim 1 , further comprisinga first lid pivotably movable relative to the accessory storage container; anda second lid removably connected to and covering ...

FLUID ACTIVATED SWITCH FOR ORAL IRRIGATOR

An oral irrigator including a reservoir, a handle, and a tip connected to the handle and in fluid communication with the reservoir. The oral irrigator also includes a base unit including an operating assembly configured to selectively provide a first fluid from the reservoir to the tip. The operating may include, an some examples, a motor and a pump. The oral irrigator further includes a fluid pressure trigger connected to the handle and including a second fluid. Based on a pressure of the second fluid, the fluid pressure trigger closes an electrical contact to the operating assembly causing the operating assembly to selectively vary at least one characteristic of the first fluid flow from the reservoir to the tip. 1. An oral irrigator comprisinga reservoir;a handle;a tip connected to the handle and in fluid communication with the reservoir;a base unit including an operating assembly, the operating assembly configured to selectively provide a first fluid from the reservoir to the tip; anda fluid pressure trigger connected to the handle and including a second fluid, wherein based on a pressure of the second fluid the fluid pressure trigger closes an electrical contact to the operating assembly causing the operating assembly to selectively vary at least one characteristic of the first fluid flow from the reservoir to the tip.2. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the operating assembly comprisesa motor; anda pump connected to the motor; whereinthe motor selectively drives the pump; andthe pump provides the first fluid from the reservoir to the tip.3. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein when the electrical contact is closed the fluid pressure trigger is in electrical communication with the motor and actuation of the fluid pressure trigger varies a state of the motor.4. The oral irrigator of claim 3 , wherein in a first state the motor drives the pump to provide the first fluid to the tip and in a second state the motor does not drive the pump.5. The oral ...

Oral Irrigator with Massage Mode

An irrigating device, such as an oral irrigator or a nasal irrigator. The irrigating device includes a pump and a motor connected to the pump and configured to selectively drive the pump. Additionally, the irrigating device includes a massage module in communication with the motor. During a normal mode, the pump has a first pulse rate and during a massage mode, the massage module provides a massage control signal to the motor, causing the pump to have a second pulse rate. 1. An oral irrigator comprising:a reservoir;a handle including a tip, the handle and tip being in fluid communication with the reservoir;a pump in fluid communication with the reservoir and the handle;a motor assembly connected to the pump and configured to selectively actuate the pump; anda processing element in communication with the motor assembly, wherein the processing element is configured to vary at least one output characteristic of the motor assembly to vary at least one of a fluid flow rate through the tip or a pressure of a fluid flow through the tip.2. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , further comprising at least one control actuator in communication with the processing element claim 1 , wherein when the at least one control actuator is activated claim 1 , the processing element changes at least one the fluid flow rate or the fluid flow.3. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the tip is releasable.4. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir is connected directly to the handle.5. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the processing provides a control signal to the motor and upon receiving a user input claim 1 , the processor varies the control signal to vary the at least one output characteristic of the motor assembly.6. An irrigating device comprising:a pump;a motor connected to the pump and configured to selectively drive the pump;a massage mode module in communication with the motor; whereinduring a normal mode, the pump has a first pulse rate; andduring a massage mode ...

Oral Irrigator Appliance with Radiant Energy Delivery for Bactericidal Effect

An oral irrigator includes a base having a pump mechanism, a reservoir housed within the base and fluidically connected with the pump mechanism. A handle with a jet tip is connected with an outlet from the pump mechanism to receive a pressurized fluid stream from the reservoir to direct a fluid at a surface inside an oral cavity. The oral irrigator also includes a radiant energy source and delivery system for directing radiant energy at a surface inside an oral cavity. 1. An oral irrigator comprising:a pump mechanism;a reservoir in fluid communication with the pump mechanism;a jet tip in fluid communication with the pump mechanism and configured for directing a fluid pumped from the reservoir by the pump mechanism through the jet tip at a surface inside an oral cavity, the jet tip including a radiant energy conduit having a proximal end and a distal end and the jet tip defining a fluid conduit coaxial with and housing the radiant energy conduit such that fluid flows through the jet tip in a space between the fluid conduit and the radiant energy conduit;a radiant energy source configured to produce radiant energy; anda collimator positioned between the radiant energy source and the radiant energy conduit, the collimator configured to collimate the radiant energy from the radiant energy source and direct the collimated radiant energy at the surface inside the oral cavity;wherein the proximal end of the jet tip is positioned adjacent the collimator source to capture the collimated radiant energy from the collimator and the distal end directs the collimated radiant energy in generally the same direction as the fluid.2. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the radiant energy source and the jet tip are of unitary construction to direct both the fluid and the collimated radiant energy in generally the same direction.3. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir claim 1 , the pump mechanism claim 1 , the jet tip claim 1 , the collimator claim 1 , and the ...

Wirelessly controlled oral irrigator

An oral irrigator including a base and a handle. The base includes a fluid reservoir, a pump in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir, and a base wireless communication component in electrical communication with the pump. The handle is in fluid communication with the pump. The handle includes a handle wireless communication component and one or more control buttons in communication with the handle wireless communication component. The handle wireless communication component transmits control signals from the one or more control buttons to the base wireless communication component to adjust an operating parameter of the pump.

TOOTHBRUSH WITH FLUID DIRECTING DRIVE ASSEMBLY

A toothbrush with fluid directing drive assembly is provided. The toothbrush may include a handle including an end surface, a brush shaft extending from the end surface of the handle, a drive assembly positioned within the handle and causing the brush shaft to oscillate upon actuation of a motor, a brush tip removably coupled to the brush shaft and positioned adjacent to the end surface of the handle, and a fluid passage defined within the drive assembly within the handle. The brush tip may include a fluid conduit therein. Oscillation of the brush shaft may cause the entire brush tip to oscillate correspondingly. Fluid may be transported through the drive assembly and to the fluid conduit of the brush tip by the fluid passage. 1. A toothbrush comprising:a handle including an end surface;a brush shaft extending from the end surface of the handle;a drive assembly positioned within the handle, the drive assembly causing the brush shaft to oscillate upon actuation of a motor;a brush tip removably coupled to the brush shaft and positioned adjacent to the end surface of the handle, the brush tip including a fluid conduit therein, wherein oscillation of the brush shaft causes the entire brush tip to oscillate correspondingly; anda fluid passage defined within the drive assembly within the handle, wherein fluid is transported through the drive assembly and to the fluid conduit of the brush tip by the fluid passage.2. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the brush shaft includes a fluid channel in fluid communication with the fluid passage to transport fluid to the fluid conduit of the brush tip.3. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein:the drive assembly includes a first portion before the fluid passage; andthe drive assembly includes a second portion integrated with the fluid passage.4. The toothbrush of claim 3 , further comprising a tube positioned within the handle and connected to a fluid reservoir claim 3 , the tube connected to the second portion of the drive assembly to ...

ORAL IRRIGATOR WITH VARIABLE OUTPUT FLUID CHARACTERISTICS

An oral irrigator including a reservoir, a tip in fluid communication with the reservoir, a pump in fluid communication with the tip and the reservoir, where the motor drives the pump. The oral irrigator also includes a control module electrically coupled to the motor to vary an output of the motor. During a normal mode, the control module drives the motor to output a normal pulse rate, a normal flow rate, and a normal fluid pressure as the fluid exits the tip and during a massage mode, the control module drives the motor to output a massage pulse rate, a massage flow rate, and a massage fluid pressure as the fluid exits the tip. The massage pulse rate is lower than the normal pulse rate, the massage fluid pressure is lower than the normal fluid pressure, and the massage fluid pressure is lower than the normal fluid pressure. 1. An oral irrigator comprising;a reservoir;a tip in fluid communication with the reservoir;a pump in fluid communication with the tip and the reservoir, wherein the pump pumps fluid from the reservoir to the tip;a motor connected to the pump, wherein the motor drives the pump; anda control module electrically coupled to the motor to vary an output of the motor, whereinduring a normal mode, the control module drives the motor to output a normal pulse rate, a normal flow rate, and a normal fluid pressure as the fluid exits the tip; andduring a massage mode, the control module drives the motor to output a massage pulse rate, a massage flow rate, and a massage fluid pressure as the fluid exits the tip, whereinthe massage pulse rate is lower than the normal pulse rate;the massage fluid pressure is lower than the normal fluid pressure; andthe massage fluid pressure is lower than the normal fluid pressure.2. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the massage fluid pulse rate corresponds to a blood flow rate into gum tissue.3. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the normal fluid pulse rate is approximately 26 pulses per sound and the massage ...

ORAL IRRIGATOR WITH MULTIPLE CONTROL ACTUATORS

An oral irrigator including a base, a reservoir supported by the base, a tip coupled to the base and the reservoir, and multiple control actuators. A first control actuator is configured to selectively power the oral irrigator. Second, third, and fourth control actuators are configured to vary the fluid pressure of the oral irrigator. 1. An oral irrigator comprising:a base;a reservoir supported by the base;a tip coupled to the base and the reservoir, wherein fluid flows through the tip to exit the oral irrigator;a first control actuator configured to selectively power the oral irrigator; andsecond, third, and fourth control actuators configured to vary fluid pressure of the fluid.2. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , further comprising a motor and a pump in the base claim 1 , wherein the first control actuator is configured to provide power to the motor to activate the pump.3. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the first control actuator comprises a power button or knob that turns the oral irrigator on and off.4. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the first control actuator is disposed on the base.5. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the second control actuator is rotatable to vary a fluid pressure of the oral irrigator.6. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the second control actuator is operably connected to a valve assembly that selectively changes a fluid pathway between the reservoir and the tip.7. The oral irrigator of claim 6 , wherein the valve assembly is positioned within a pump in the base.8. The oral irrigator of claim 6 , wherein the valve assembly selectively changes at least one of a diameter or length of the fluid pathway.9. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the second control actuator is disposed on the base.10. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the third control actuator is configured to selectively activate one or more fluid pressure settings of the oral irrigator.11. The oral irrigator of claim 10 , wherein the one or ...

BRUSH TIP WITH MOTION TRANSFER AND SECURING ENGAGEMENT STRUCTURES

The present disclosure is directed towards a toothbrush including a handle, a brush shaft, and a brush tip releasably connected to the brush shaft. The brush shaft includes a fluid outlet in fluid communication with a fluid source. The brush tip includes a tip outlet, one or more bristles, and one or more engagement structures to secure the brush tip to the brush shaft. The engagement structure acts to transfer motion from the brush shaft to the brush tip and defines, in part, a tip fluid passageway through the brush tip and in fluid communication with the shaft lumen of the brush shaft. 1. A toothbrush comprising:a handle;a brush shaft extending from an end of the handle and including a shaft lumen in fluid communication with a fluid source; and a fluid outlet;', 'one or more bristles; and', 'an engagement structure that releasably secures the brush tip to the brush shaft and transfers motion of the brush shaft to the brush tip, wherein the engagement structure defines, in part, a tip fluid passageway in fluid communication with the shaft lumen., 'a brush tip removably attached to the brush shaft, the brush tip comprising2. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the engagement structure causes the entire brush tip to oscillate with oscillating movement of the brush shaft.3. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the engagement structure aligns the brush tip relative to the brush shaft.4. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the engagement structure comprises:a keyed interface between the brush shaft and the brush tip to transfer motion of the brush shaft to the brush tip; anda clip releasably securing the brush tip to the brush shaft.5. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the engagement structure comprises first and second elements positioned within the interior of the brush tip claim 1 , wherein the first element aligns the brush tip with the brush shaft and the second element selectively secures the brush tip to the brush shaft.6. The toothbrush of claim 5 , wherein the ...

ORAL IRRIGATOR

In one embodiment, an oral irrigator including a reservoir, a tip fluidly connected to the reservoir, a motor having a drive shaft, and a pump. The pump includes a pump body including a pump inlet fluidly connected to the reservoir and a pump outlet fluidly connected to the tip, a spiral pinion gear including a plurality of pinion gear teeth that curve along their length, and a spiral driven gear including a plurality of driven gear teeth that mesh with the pinion gear teeth. The pump also may include a connecting rod eccentrically connected to the driven gear and a piston and received within the pump body. Movement of the drive shaft causes the pinion gear to rotate, causing the driven gear to rotate, translating the connecting rod and moving the piston laterally within the pump body to pull fluid from the reservoir and push the fluid to the tip. 1. An oral irrigator comprising:a reservoir;a tip fluidly connected to the reservoir;a motor having a drive shaft; a pump body including a pump inlet fluidly connected to the reservoir and a pump outlet fluidly connected to the tip;', 'a pinion gear placed on the drive shaft and including a plurality of pinion gear teeth that curve along their length; and', 'a driven gear including a plurality of driven gear teeth that mesh with the pinion gear teeth, wherein the pinion gear teeth and the driven gear teeth are spiral gears with beveled edges;', 'a connecting rod eccentrically connected to the driven gear; and', 'a piston connected to a first end of the connecting rod and received within the pump body,, 'a pump fluidly connected to the reservoir and the tip, the pump comprising'}wherein movement of the drive shaft of the motor causes the pinion gear to rotate, which causes the driven gear to rotate, translating the connecting rod and moving the piston laterally within the pump body to pull fluid from the reservoir and push the fluid to the tip.2. An oral irrigator comprising:a handle fluidly connected to a reservoir; and a ...

TIP EJECTION ASSEMBLY FOR AN ORAL IRRIGATOR

An oral irrigator including a handle housing defining a cavity, a tip removably connected to the handle housing, and a tip release assembly connected to the handle housing. The tip release assembly includes a tip eject button slidably connected to the handle housing and movable between a first position and a second position and a latch connected to the handle housing and positioned within the cavity. Movement of the tip eject button from the first position to the second position moves the latch laterally across the cavity from an engage position to a disengage position. 1. An oral irrigator comprisinga handle housing defining a cavity;a tip removably connected to the handle housing; and a tip eject button slidably connected to the handle housing and movable between a first position and a second position; and', 'a latch connected to the handle housing and positioned within the cavity, wherein movement of the tip eject button from the first position to the second position moves the latch laterally across the cavity from an engage position to a disengage position., 'a tip release assembly connected to the handle housing comprising'}2. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the movement of the latch is along an opposite axis from movement of the tip eject button.3. The oral irrigator of claim 2 , wherein the movement of the tip-eject button is along a longitudinal length of the handle housing.4. The oral irrigator of claim 1 , wherein the latch comprises an integrally formed spring claim 1 , wherein in the disengaged position the spring is compressed against an interior surface of the handle housing.5. The oral irrigator of claim 4 , wherein the integrally formed spring is a pair of spring legs that extend from a latch body.6. The oral irrigator of claim 5 , wherein the latch further comprises a chamfered wall positioned on an opposite side of the latch body from the spring legs claim 5 , wherein the chamfered wall engages the tip-eject button to cause the latch to ...

APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR BREWING A BEVERAGE

A system for brewing a desired portion of a beverage, such as a single-cup portion of coffee, is provided. The system may have more than one brew module. The system allows a user to quickly and easily brew a variety of types of single-cup portions of a beverage. In some embodiments, the system may brew a single-cup portion of coffee in a relatively short period of time based on a combination of certain parameters. The system may include an automatic cleaning mechanism such that a user does not need to manually clean components of a brewing machine between brew cycles. The system may also include apparatus configured to substantially prevent steam from reaching grinder components of the system. The system may also include apparatus configured to provide a precise dose of material based on, for example, volume of the material. Methods and apparatus for brewing a beverage are also disclosed. 1. An apparatus for brewing a beverage , the apparatus comprising at least one brew module configured to brew a single-cup portion of a beverage , the at least one brew module comprising a chamber configured to receive ground material and configured to engage with a nozzle , wherein the nozzle is configured to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane of the apparatus such that a face of the nozzle defines an angle between about 5° and 60° with respect to a horizontal plane of the apparatus , wherein the nozzle is configured to direct liquid to an inner portion of the chamber during a brew cycle to agitate ground material during the brew cycle.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the chamber defines a first opening and a second opening claim 1 , the first opening configured to receive ground material and the second opening configured to engage with the nozzle to direct a fan spray of water to one or more inner sidewalls of the chamber during a brew cycle.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the chamber comprises a plow feature configured to direct debris toward a waste bin.4 ...

LOAD SENSING FOR ORAL DEVICES

A toothbrush is disclosed. The toothbrush includes a handle, a brush tip connected to the handle, wherein the brush tip includes a plurality of bristles operably connected thereto, a power source, a direct current motor in selective electrical communication with the power source, wherein the motor includes a drive shaft, a drive assembly connected between the brush tip and the drive shaft, wherein the drive assembly converts rotation of the drive shaft into movement of the plurality of bristles, and a control assembly in electrical communication with the motor and the power source; wherein during operation of the motor, the control assembly monitors a current draw by the motor and adjusts a current applied to the direct current motor based on the current draw. 1. A toothbrush comprising:a handle;a brush tip connected to the handle, wherein the brush tip includes a plurality of bristles operably connected thereto;a power source;a direct current motor in selective electrical communication with the power source, wherein the motor includes a drive shaft;a drive assembly connected between the brush tip and the drive shaft, wherein the drive assembly converts rotation of the drive shaft into movement of the plurality of bristles; anda control assembly in electrical communication with the motor and the power source; whereinduring operation of the motor, the control assembly monitors a current draw by the motor and adjusts a current applied to the direct current motor based on the current draw.2. The toothbrush of claim 1 , further comprising an output element in communication with the control assembly.3. The toothbrush of claim 2 , wherein when the current draw exceeds a predetermined threshold claim 2 , the output element provides an output to the user.4. The toothbrush of claim 3 , wherein the predetermined threshold is current change threshold.5. The toothbrush of claim 3 , wherein the control assembly converts the current draw to a pressure exerted on the plurality of ...

SHOWERHEAD WITH ROTATABLE CONTROL VALVE

A showerhead including a handle portion, a showerhead portion, a water supply connector, and a mode selector positioned around the water supply connector. The mode selector is positioned around the water supply connector and includes a rotatable control knob mounted above the handle portion and configured to rotate about an axis and a rotatable valve core received within and sealed to the control knob to create a second fluid chamber between the valve core and the control knob. The valve core further defines a first aperture and a second aperture and rotation of the control knob rotates the valve core to selectively align the second aperture of the valve core with one of two or more fluid inlets while maintaining the first aperture in at least partial alignment with a second fluid outlet from the first fluid chamber. 1. A handheld showerhead comprisinga handle portion; a plurality of nozzle outlets;', 'two or more first fluid channels, wherein one of the first fluid channels is in fluid communication with a first set of the nozzle outlets and another of the first fluid channels is in fluid communication with a second set of the nozzle outlets; and', 'a base wall defining two or more openings each in fluid communication with a respective one of the two or more fluid channels;, 'a showerhead portion extending from the handle portion and having'} a first fluid inlet configured for connection to a water supply;', 'a first fluid outlet;', 'a fluid passage configured to transport water flow from the first fluid inlet within the handle in a first flow direction to the first fluid outlet;', 'a first fluid chamber connected to the fluid passage downstream from the first fluid inlet that receives water flow from the first fluid outlet;', 'a second fluid outlet providing a flow egress from the first fluid chamber and configured to direct water flow in a second flow direction transverse to the first flow direction;', 'two or more second fluid inlets defined in a wall of the ...

SHOWERHEAD WITH MOVABLE CONTROL VALVE

A showerhead including a handle portion, a showerhead portion, a water supply connector, and a moveable mode selector positioned about and sealed with respect to the water supply connector. The moveable mode selector includes a fluid tight chamber; an inlet aperture aligned with the first fluid outlet to provide fluid communication between the fluid passage and the chamber; and two or more outlet apertures respectively and selectively alignable with the two or more second fluid inlets to provide fluid communication between the chamber and the two or more second fluid channels. Movement of the mode selector selectively aligns one of the two or more outlet apertures with a corresponding one of the two or more second fluid inlets while maintaining fluid communication between the inlet aperture and the fluid outlet. 1. A handheld showerhead comprising a plurality of nozzle outlets;', 'two or more first fluid channels, wherein one of the first fluid channels is in fluid communication with a first set of the nozzle outlets and another of the first fluid channels is in fluid communication with a second set of the nozzle outlets; and', 'a base wall defining two or more first fluid inlets each in fluid communication with a respective one of the two or more fluid channels;, 'a showerhead portion extending from the handle portion and having'} [ a first fluid inlet configured for connection to a water supply;', 'a fluid passage configured to transport the water flow from the fluid inlet within the handle in a first flow direction;', 'a fluid outlet defined in a wall of the water supply connector and configured to direct the water flow in a second flow direction;', 'two or more second fluid inlets defined in the wall of the water supply connector;', 'two or more second fluid channels in fluid communication with respective ones of second fluid inlets at a first end and with respective ones of the first fluid inlets at a second end; and, 'a water supply connector having'}, a fluid ...

Frame Assembly Including a Cornerlock

A frame assembly is disposed within an opening of a structure. The frame assembly includes first and second frame members each defining an interior and having a plurality of walls extending between a first end and a second end. The frame assembly includes a cornerlock extending into each of the first and second frame members. The cornerlock includes first and second body members each having hinge and distal ends and are rotatably coupled together at the hinge ends. The first body member has at least one arm deflectable to bias against and engage the first frame member. Each of the first and second frame members has a mitered end. The first and second frame members abut at the mitered ends in an angular configuration. The cornerlock rotates to correspond with the angular configuration and is entirely disposed within a combination of the interiors of the first and second frame members.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst precursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150° C. to 250° C., introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H 2 :CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270° C. to 300° C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst precursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Lanthanide-promoted rhodium catalysts and process for producing synthesis gas

Catalyst for low temperature slurry bed fischer-tropsch synthesis

A method for controllably producing a hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by combining an iron nitrate solution with a precipitating agent solution at a precipitating temperature and over a precipitation time to form a precipitate comprising iron phases; holding the precipitate from at a hold temperature for a hold time to provide a hematite containing precipitate; and washing the hematite containing precipitate via contact with a wash solution and filtering, to provide a washed hematite containing catalyst. The method may further comprise promoting the washed hematite containing catalyst with a chemical promoter; spray drying the promoted hematite containing catalyst; and calcining the spray dried hematite containing catalyst to provide a calcined hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst.

Regeneration procedure for Fischer-Tropsch catalyst

A process is disclosed for regenerating catalyst used in a process for synthesizing hydrocarbons. The synthesis process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. The regeneration. process comprises contacting a deactivated Fischer-Tropsch catalyst with a steam under regeneration-promoting conditions, for a period of time sufficient to reactivate the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst precursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst precursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

Stable ferrous-ferric nitrate solutions for fischer-tropsch catalyst preparation

A method of producing stable ferrous nitrate solution by dissolving iron in nitric acid to form a ferrous nitrate solution and maintaining the solution at a first temperature for a first time period, whereby the Fe(II) content of the ferrous nitrate solution changes by less than about 2% over a second time period. A method of producing stable Fe(II)/Fe(III) nitrate solution comprising ferrous nitrate and ferric nitrate and having a desired ratio of ferrous iron to ferric iron, including obtaining a stable ferrous nitrate solution; dissolving iron in nitric acid to form a ferric nitrate solution; maintaining the ferric nitrate solution at a second temperature for a third time period; and combining amounts of stable ferrous nitrate solution and ferric nitrate solution to produce the stable Fe(II)/Fe(III) nitrate solution. A method of preparing an iron catalyst is also described.

Integrated multi-step solid/liquid separation system for Fischer-Tropsch processes

A system for separating liquids from solids comprising an immobilization unit comprising an immobilization vessel containing a bed of magnetizable material and a magnet configured to produce a magnetic field within the immobilization vessel, wherein the immobilization vessel further comprises an immobilization vessel outlet and an immobilization vessel inlet for a fluid comprising liquid and metal-containing particles. A method for separating solid particles from liquid by introducing a fluid comprising liquid and a first concentration of solid particles into an immobilization unit comprising an immobilization vessel and at least one magnet configured to produce high density magnetic flux lines within the immobilization vessel and/or a high field gradient at or near the surface of the magnetizable material when powered, wherein the immobilization vessel contains therein a bed of magnetizable material; and removing from the immobilization unit a product having a second particle concentration less than the first particle concentration.

Multiple gasifiers manifolded to multiple fischer-tropsch reactors with optional recycle to the reactors

A method of producing synthesis gas via gasification in a Fischer-Tropsch plant, the method including providing a number of gasifiers, the number of gasifiers provided being at least one more than the base number required to provide 100% plant capacity of synthesis gas when each gasifier is operated at 100% gasifier capacity. A method of continually producing synthesis gas via gasification of a carbonaceous feed in a Fischer-Tropsch plant by providing a number of gasifiers, the number of gasifiers provided being at least one more than the base number required to provide 100% plant capacity of synthesis gas when each gasifier is operated at 100% gasifier capacity; and adjusting the amount of synthesis gas produced by adjusting the number of online gasifiers, the flow rate of carbonaceous feed to each gasifier, or a combination thereof. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150'C to 250'C, introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270'C to 300'C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided. -----250C 257* 2AC 12 060 70 -.-.--. 40 -- - a 3__G_ I0,60 O CONVERSION 20 -002 SELECIVITY 0 40 co 10 - - ALPHA (ALKANE) 020 0 t0.00 0 20 40 6o 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Time on Stream, hr 00 CONVERSION (NORMALIZED) CO CONVERSION TREND LINE 2 - LINEAR (0O CONVERSION TREND LINE 1) O CONVERSION TREND LINE I - ALPHA 90---- LINEAR (CO CONVERSION TREND LINE 2) 245 C ----- 242 2424 0 254C 800 DARI DAR2 80% 6% 70] tiaY l 0 t474 2 y 027LX4 8484 1 R 2 , 9' 7 8R2=0 95jr 50 - -- -------- ----- 0 '00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Time on Stream, h

System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification

A system, for production of high-quality syngas, comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than CO and H2 from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Protected Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and method of providing same to a Fischer-Tropsch process

A method of preparing a spray dried catalyst by combining spray dried catalyst particles with wax so the spray dried catalyst particles are coated with wax, yielding wax coated catalyst particles, and shaping the wax coated catalyst to provide shaped wax coated catalyst. A method of activating Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles containing oxides by contacting the catalyst particles with a reducing gas in an activation vessel to produce an activated catalyst, wherein contacting is performed in the absence of a liquid medium under activation conditions. A system for activating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing an activation reactor configured to introduce an activation gas to a fixed or fluidized bed of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in the absence of a liquid medium and at least one separation device configured to separate a gas stream comprising entrained catalyst fines having an average particle size below a desired cutoff size from the activation reactor.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A method and system for reforming a carbonaceous feedstock comprising the steps, reforming the feedstock produce a first synthesis gas, subjecting a portion of the first synthesis gas to catalytic conversion, separating from the synthesis gas conversion product at least one byproduct, and utilizing at least a portion of the at least one byproduct during reforming of additional carbonaceous material. In certain instances, the method and system may be used to produce a liquid fuel.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A method and system for reforming a carbonaceous feedstock comprising the steps, reforming the feedstock produce a first synthesis gas, subjecting a portion of the first synthesis gas to catalytic conversion, separating from the synthesis gas conversion product at least one byproduct, and utilizing at least a portion of the at least one byproduct during reforming of additional carbonaceous material. In certain instances, the method and system may be used to produce a liquid fuel.

Biomass high efficiency hydrothermal reformer

A system for the production of synthesis gas, the system including a mixing apparatus configured for combining steam with at least one carbonaceous material to produce a reformer feedstock; and a reformer comprising a cylindrical vessel containing a plurality of coiled tubes, wherein each of the plurality of coiled tubes has a vertical height in the range of from about 40 feet 12.2 m) to about 100 feet (30.5 m) and a coil length that is at least four times the vertical height; at least one burner configured to combust a fuel and provide heat to maintain the reformer at a reformer temperature; at least one outlet for reformer product comprising synthesis gas; and at least one outlet for flue gas produced via combustion of fuel in the burners. A suitable mixing apparatus is also provided.

Biomass high efficiency hydrothermal reformer

A method of producing synthesis gas by mixing a carbonaceous feed comprising at least one carbonaceous material with superheated steam to produce a reformer feedstock and reforming the reformer feedstock to produce a first synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide by introducing the reformer feedstock into a plurality of coiled tubes within a reformer at a reformer temperature and a reformer pressure at which at least a portion of the reformer feedstock is converted to synthesis gas.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Gasifier fluidization

A method of producing synthesis gas by introducing a feed material to be gasified into a gasification apparatus comprising at least one fluidized component operable as a fluidized bed, wherein the gasification apparatus is configured to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising synthesis gas; and maintaining fluidization of the at least one fluidized component by introducing a fluidization gas thereto, wherein the fluidization gas comprises at least one component other than steam. A system for producing synthesis gas is also provided.

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

System and method for production of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Strengthening iron fischer-tropsch catalyst by co-feeding iron nitrate and precipitating agent or separately precipitating from ferrous nitrate and ferric nitrate solutions

A method of producing a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases by co-feeding a ferrous nitrate solution and a precipitation agent into a ferric nitrate solution to produce a precipitation solution having a desired ferrous:ferric nitrate ratio and from which catalyst precursor precipitates; co-feeding a ferric nitrate solution and a precipitation agent into a ferrous nitrate solution to produce a precipitation solution having a desired ferrous:ferric nitrate ratio and from which catalyst precursor precipitates; or precipitating a ferrous precipitate from a ferrous nitrate solution by contacting the ferrous nitrate solution with a first precipitation agent; precipitating a ferric precipitate from ferric nitrate solution by contacting the ferric nitrate solution with a second precipitation agent and combining the ferrous and ferric precipitates to form the catalyst precursor, wherein the ratio of ferrous:ferric precipitates is a desired ratio.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst pre--cursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst precursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst pre--cursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of strengthening a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst by: preparing a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst containing copper and potassium; adding a solution comprising a structural promoter to the previously prepared catalyst; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried catalyst. A method for preparing an iron catalyst, the method comprising: precipitating a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases selected from hydroxides, oxides, and carbonates; adding a promoter to the catalyst precursor to yield a promoted precursor; drying the promoted precursor to yield dried catalyst; and calcining the dried catalyst, wherein the catalyst further comprises copper and potassium. A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co-precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

Strengthening iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by co-feeding iron nitrate and precipitating agent or separately precipitating from ferrous nitrate and ferric nitrate solutions

A method of producing a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases by co-feeding a ferrous nitrate solution and a precipitation agent into a ferric nitrate solution to produce a precipitation solution having a desired ferrous:ferric nitrate ratio and from which catalyst precursor precipitates; co-feeding a ferric nitrate solution and a precipitation agent into a ferrous nitrate solution to produce a precipitation solution having a desired ferrous:ferric nitrate ratio and from which catalyst precursor precipitates; or precipitating a ferrous precipitate from a ferrous nitrate solution by contacting the ferrous nitrate solution with a first precipitation agent; precipitating a ferric precipitate from ferric nitrate solution by contacting the ferric nitrate solution with a second precipitation agent and combining the ferrous and ferric precipitates to form the catalyst precursor, wherein the ratio of ferrous:ferric precipitates is a desired ratio.

Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of preparing a strengthened precipitated iron catalyst comprising: co precipitating iron, copper, magnesium, and aluminum; washing the precipitate; alkalizing the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to yield a dried catalyst precursor. The dried catalyst precursor may be calcined and treated with a gas comprising carbon monoxide.

Integrated multi-step solid/liquid separation system for fischer-tropsch processes

A system for separating liquids from solids comprising an immobilization unit comprising an immobilization vessel containing a bed of magnetizable material and a magnet configured to produce a magnetic field within the immobilization vessel, wherein the immobilization vessel further comprises an immobilization vessel outlet and an immobilization vessel inlet for a fluid comprising liquid and metal-containing particles. A method for separating solid particles from liquid by introducing a fluid comprising liquid and a first concentration of solid particles into an immobilization unit comprising an immobilization vessel and at least one magnet configured to produce high density magnetic flux lines within the immobilization vessel and/or a high field gradient at or near the surface of the magnetizable material when powered, wherein the immobilization vessel contains therein a bed of magnetizable material; and removing from the immobilization unit a product having a second particle concentration less than the first particle concentration.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150°C to 250°C, introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270°C to 300°C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150°C to 250°C, introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270°C to 300°C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Precipitated iron catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

A method of producing an iron catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed. The method comprises using a reduced amount of acid for iron dissolution compared to certain previous methods. The resulting acidic iron mixture is heated without boiling to obtain a nitrate solution having a Fe2+ : Fe3+ ratio in the range of about 0.01% : 99.99% to about 100% : 0% (wt:wt). Iron phases are precipitated at a lower temperature compared to certain previous methods. The recovered catalyst precursor is dried and sized to form particles having a size distribution between 10 microns and 100 microns. In embodiments, the Fe2+ : Fe3+ ratio in the nitric acid solution may be in the range of from about 3% : 97% to about 30% : 70% (wt:wt) and the calcined catalyst may comprise a maghemite:hematite ratio of about 1% : 99% to about 70% : 30%.

Strengthening iron fischer-tropsch catalyst by co-feeding iron nitrate and precipitating agent or separately precipitating from ferrous nitrate and ferric nitrate solutions

A method of producing a catalyst precursor comprising iron phases by co-feeding a ferrous nitrate solution and a precipitation agent into a ferric nitrate solution to produce a precipitation solution having a desired ferrous:ferric nitrate ratio and from which catalyst precursor precipitates; co-feeding a ferric nitrate solution and a precipitation agent into a ferrous nitrate solution to produce a precipitation solution having a desired ferrous:ferric nitrate ratio and from which catalyst precursor precipitates; or precipitating a ferrous precipitate from a ferrous nitrate solution by contacting the ferrous nitrate solution with a first precipitation agent; precipitating a ferric precipitate from ferric nitrate solution by contacting the ferric nitrate solution with a second precipitation agent and combining the ferrous and ferric precipitates to form the catalyst precursor, wherein the ratio of ferrous:ferric precipitates is a desired ratio.

Precipitated iron catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

A method of producing an iron catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed. The method comprises using a reduced amount of acid for iron dissolution compared to certain previous methods. The resulting acidic iron mixture is heated without boiling to obtain a nitrate solution having a Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the range of about 0.01%:99.99% to about 100%:0% (wt:wt). Iron phases are precipitated at a lower temperature compared to certain previous methods. The recovered catalyst precursor is dried and sized to form particles having a size distribution between 10 microns and 100 microns. In embodiments, the Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the nitric acid solution may be in the range of from about 3%:97% to about 30%:70% (wt:wt) and the calcined catalyst may comprise a maghemite:hematite ratio of about 1%:99% to about 70%:30%.

Precipitated iron catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

A method of producing an iron catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed. The method comprises using a reduced amount of acid for iron dissolution compared to certain previous methods. The resulting acidic iron mixture is heated without boiling to obtain a nitrate solution having a Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the range of about 0.01%: 99.99% to about 100%:0% (wt:wt). Iron phases are precipitated at a lower temperature compared to certain previous methods. The recovered catalyst precursor is dried and sized to form particles having a size distribution between 10 microns and 100 microns. In embodiments, the Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the nitric acid solution may be in the range of from about 3%:97% to about 30%:70% (wt:wt) and the calcined catalyst may comprise a maghemite:hematite ratio of about 1%:99% to about 70%:30%.

Precipitated iron catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

A method of producing an iron catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed. The method comprises using a reduced amount of acid for iron dissolution compared to certain previous methods. The resulting acidic iron mixture is heated without boiling to obtain a nitrate solution having a Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the range of about 0.01%:99.99% to about 100%:0% (wt:wt). Iron phases are precipitated at a lower temperature compared to certain previous methods. The recovered catalyst precursor is dried and sized to form particles having a size distribution between 10 microns and 100 microns. In embodiments, the Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the nitric acid solution may be in the range of from about 3%:97% to about 30%:70% (wt:wt) and the calcined catalyst may comprise a maghemite:hematite ratio of about 1%:99% to about 70%:30%.

Precipitated iron catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

A method of producing an iron catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed. The method comprises using a reduced amount of acid for iron dissolution compared to certain previous methods. The resulting acidic iron mixture is heated without boiling to obtain a nitrate solution having a Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the range of about 0.01%:99.99% to about 100%:0% (wt:wt). Iron phases are precipitated at a lower temperature compared to certain previous methods. The recovered catalyst precursor is dried and sized to form particles having a size distribution between 10 microns and 100 microns. In embodiments, the Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the nitric acid solution may be in the range of from about 3%:97% to about 30%:70% (wt:wt) and the calcined catalyst may comprise a maghemite:hematite ratio of about 1%:99% to about 70%:30%.

Precipitated iron catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

A method of producing an iron catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed. The method comprises using a reduced amount of acid for iron dissolution compared to certain previous methods. The resulting acidic iron mixture is heated without boiling to obtain a nitrate solution having a Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the range of about 0.01%:99.99% to about 100%:0% (wt:wt). Iron phases are precipitated at a lower temperature compared to certain previous methods. The recovered catalyst precursor is dried and sized to form particles having a size distribution between 10 microns and 100 microns. In embodiments, the Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the nitric acid solution may be in the range of from about 3%:97% to about 30%:70% (wt:wt) and the calcined catalyst may comprise a maghemite:hematite ratio of about 1%:99% to about 70%:30%.

Precipitated iron catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

A method of producing an iron catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed. The method comprises using a reduced amount of acid for iron dissolution compared to certain previous methods. The resulting acidic iron mixture is heated without boiling to obtain a nitrate solution having a Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the range of about 0.01%:99.99% to about 100%:0% (wt:wt). Iron phases are precipitated at a lower temperature compared to certain previous methods. The recovered catalyst precursor is dried and sized to form particles having a size distribution between 10 microns and 100 microns. In embodiments, the Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio in the nitric acid solution may be in the range of from about 3%:97% to about 30%:70% (wt:wt) and the calcined catalyst may comprise a maghemite:hematite ratio of about 1%:99% to about 70%:30%.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150° C. to 250° C., introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H 2 :CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270° C. to 300° C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150°C to 250°C, introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270°C to 300°C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150°C to 250°C, introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270°C to 300°C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Strengthening iron fischer-tropsch catalyst by co-feeding iron nitrate and precipitating agent or separately precipitating from ferrous nitrate and ferric nitrate solutions

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150°C to 250°C, introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270°C to 300°C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150°C to 250°C, introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270°C to 300°C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors

Method for activating strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors