LUMINESCENCE ASSAY METHOD

A bioassay employing a first group including a lanthanide ion carrier chelate and a first recognition element, a second group including an antenna ligand and a second recognition element; where the lanthanide ion carrier chelate binds strongly to lanthanide, or the lanthanide ion carrier chelate binds moderately to lanthanide, and an agent complexing the lanthanide ion is additionally employed at a concentration of at least 1 pmol/l. The antenna ligand binds weakly to the lanthanide ion. Analyte recognition by the first recognition element and by the second recognition element results in either chelate complementation and increased fluorescence, or chelate discomplementation and decreased fluorescence. 2. The bioassay according to characterized in that{'sub': LnL1', 'LnL1, 'a) log Kis at least 12, preferably over 18, wherein Krefers to the stability constant of the complex between the ion carrier ligand and the lanthanide ion in solution; or'} [{'sub': LnL2', 'LnL2, 'i) log Kis at least 12, wherein Krefers to the stability constant of the complex between the ion carrier ligand and the lanthanide ion in solution; and'}, {'sub': LnL3', 'LnL3, 'ii) log Kis at least 8, wherein Krefers to a stability constant between said complexing agent complexing said lanthanide ion and the lanthanide ion in solution.'}], 'b) when the agent complexing said lanthanide ion is further employed'}3. The bioassay according to or characterized in that the ion carrier chelate is pentadentate claim 1 , hexadentate claim 1 , heptadentate or octadentate claim 1 , preferably hexadentate claim 1 , heptadentate or octadentate.4. The bioassay according to claim 1 , or characterized in that the lanthanide ion of the ion carrier chelate is selected from the group consisting of praseodymium(III) claim 1 , neodymium(III) claim 1 , samarium(III) claim 1 , europium(III) claim 1 , terbium(III) claim 1 , dysprosium(III) claim 1 , holmium(III) claim 1 , erbium(III) claim 1 , thulium(III) and ytterbium(III).5 ...

METHOD FOR DETECTING NUCLEIC ACIDS

Method for detecting nucleic acids which employs a double-stranded oligonucleotide probe containing i) a first probe including a first label moiety, and ii) a second probe partially complementary with the first probe and including a second label moiety capable of interacting with the first moiety when brought in close proximity with each other, the second moiety being a quencher or acceptor of emission of the first moiety. The first or second probe includes a sequence complementary to that of a target nucleotide, and the second or first probe, respectively, includes a sequence complementary to a complement of the target nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid to be detected. Oligonucleotides for determining are also disclosed. 2. The method of characterized in that also sequences of the first and the second oligonucleotide probes not included in the complementary sequences of the double-stranded oligonucleotide probe are essentially complementary to the corresponding sequences of the target nucleic acids.3. The method of or characterized in that essentially complementary claim 1 , when referred to claim 1 , refers claim 1 , independent of other referrals claim 1 , to at least 70% complementarity claim 1 , preferably at least 80% complementarity and more preferably at least 90% complementarity and most preferably about 100% complementarity.4. The method of any of preceding claims characterized in that the first and/or second oligonucleotide probes have a 3-30° C. claim 1 , preferably 5-20° C. higher Twhen hybridized with the target nucleotide sequence compared to the Tof self-hybridized said double-stranded oligonucleotide probe.6. The method of any of preceding claims characterized in that more than one first label moiety and/or second label moiety is comprised in the double-stranded oligonucleotide probe.7. The method of any of preceding claims characterized in that the first label moiety is a fluorescent label and the second label moiety is either a fluorescence ...

Apparatus and Method for Providing Access to a Local Area Network

An apparatus, system and method for providing access to a local area network for user equipment operable in a wide area network such as a long term evolution cellular network. In one embodiment, the apparatus () for use with a user equipment includes a resource allocator () configured to generate a message for the long term evolution cellular network requesting at least one characteristic of a local area network. The apparatus () also includes an accumulator () configured to receive the at least one characteristic of the local area network to enable the user equipment to access the local area network. 140-. (canceled)41. An apparatus , comprising:a resource allocator configured to generate a message for a long term evolution cellular network requesting at least one characteristic of a local area network; andan accumulator configured to receive said at least one characteristic of said local area network to enable a user equipment to access said local area network.42. The apparatus as recited in further comprising a resource manager configured to change a characteristic of said local area network.43. The apparatus as recited in wherein said message for said long term evolution cellular network is one of a control plane message encapsulated in a non-access stratum message and a user plane message as a function of a state of said user equipment.44. The apparatus as recited in wherein said message for said long-term evolution cellular network includes a location of said user equipment.45. The apparatus as recited as recited in wherein said message for said long term evolution cellular network is a short message system message.46. The apparatus as recited in wherein said long term evolution cellular network is configured to receive said at least one characteristic over a non-wireless communication path from said local area network.47. The apparatus as recited in wherein said at least one characteristic is selected from the group consisting of:an operating frequency of ...

METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR DECREASING POWER CONSUMPTION OF AN APPARATUS

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method, comprising: determining that an apparatus has data to be sent to a receiving entity during a sleep period of a power saving cycle, the power saving cycle comprising a wake period during which a receiver is turned on and a sleep period during which the receiver is turned off; and delaying transmission of a data indication to the receiving entity by a delaying amount. 1. A method , comprising:determining that an apparatus has data to be sent to a receiving entity during a sleep period of a power saving cycle, the power saving cycle comprising a wake period during which a receiver is turned on and a sleep period during which the receiver is turned off; anddelaying transmission of a data indication to the receiving entity by a delaying amount.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the delaying comprises delaying the transmission until the beginning of the next wake period.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising receiving delaying information comprising the delaying amount from the receiving entity.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the delaying amount is dependent on at least one of the length of the power saving cycle claim 1 , data traffic type claim 1 , the amount of data to be sent and at least one quality of service parameter.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:receiving delaying information comprising the delaying amount from the receiving entity as part of signaling relating to configuring the power saving cycle.6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:determining the delaying amount based on at least one of the length of the power saving cycle, data traffic type, the amount of data to be sent and at least one quality of service parameter.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the power saving cycle comprises a discontinuous reception and/or discontinuous transmission cycle.8. The method according to claim 1 , ...

Discontinuous Reception With User Equipment Based Mobility

A new RRC Connected (mobility) state is described in which a UE utilizes a temporary identifier to monitor a downlink control channel in accordance with a discontinuous reception cycle; and maintains the new connected state, the discontinuous reception cycle and the temporary identifier while the UE re-selects to a second/serving access node which lies within a same designated reselection area as a first/source access node. In various specific embodiments, the DRX cycle is maintained but re-aligned with a system frame number of the second access node; the temporary identifier is a CRNTI and the designated re-selection area is defined by all contiguous cells in which respective access nodes broadcast the CRNTI in system information; the UE re-selects to the second access node in the absence of control signaling; and the UE enters the new connected mobility state automatically upon expiry of a time alignment timer or upon explicit network signaling while in a different connected state. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , in which maintaining the discontinuous reception cycle comprises re-aligning the discontinuous reception cycle with a system frame number of the second access node while the second access node is serving cell for the user equipment.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , in which the user equipment enters the radio resource control connected mobility state automatically upon expiry of a time alignment timer while in a radio resource control connected state different from the radio resource control connected mobility state.6. The apparatus according to claim 4 , in which the user equipment enters the radio resource control connected mobility state via explicit signaling while the user equipment is in a radio resource control connected state different from the radio resource control connected mobility state.7. The apparatus according to claim 5 , in which the radio resource control connected mobility state is characterized by the user equipment ...

Discontinuous Reception with User Equipment Based Mobility

A new RRC Connected (mobility) state in which a UE utilizes a temporary identifier to monitor a downlink control channel in accordance with a discontinuous reception cycle; and maintains the new connected state, the discontinuous reception cycle and the temporary identifier while the UE re-selects to a second/serving access node which lies within a same designated reselection area as a first/source access node. The DRX cycle is maintained but re-aligned with a system frame number of the second access node; the temporary identifier is a CRNTI and the designated re-selection area is defined by all contiguous cells in which respective access nodes broadcast the CRNTI in system information; the UE re-selects to the second access node; and the UE enters the new connected mobility state automatically upon expiry of a time alignment timer or upon explicit network signaling while in a different connected state. 1. A user equipment , comprising a processing system arranged to:while the user equipment is in a connected state with a first access node, utilize a temporary identifier to monitor a downlink control channel in accordance with a discontinuous reception cycle of the user equipment; andmaintain the connected state, the discontinuous reception cycle and the temporary identifier while the user equipment re-selects to a second access node which lies within a same designated reselection area as the first access node.2. The user equipment according to claim 1 , in which maintaining the discontinuous reception cycle comprises re-aligning the discontinuous reception cycle with a system frame number of the second access node while the second access node is serving cell for the user equipment.3. The user equipment according to claim 1 , in which the temporary identifier is a cell radio network temporary identifier and the downlink control channel is a physical downlink control channel on which the user equipment receives scheduling allocations associated with the cell radio ...

Extended Proximity Indication For Private Cells

A user equipment UE stores a first list of private cells to which the apparatus is authorized to access (e.g., a CSG whitelist). While under control of a serving first cell, the UE determines from a transmission received from a neighbor second cell a physical cell identity PCI of the neighbor cell, then compares the determined PCI to a stored second list to determine whether the UE is authorized to access the neighbor cell. In one embodiment the second list maps PCIs to CSG IDs; if the determined PCI matches one in the second list the CSG ID is selected and it that matches one in the first list the UE is authorized access. In another embodiment the second list is only the PCI of those CSG cells on the UE's first list that are within the area served by the serving cell, so if the determined PCI matches one in the second list the UE is authorized access. 1. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing a computer program;in which the at least one memory with the computer program is configured with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least:store in the at least one memory a first list of private cells to which the apparatus is authorized to access;while under control of a serving first cell, determine from a transmission received from a neighbor second cell a physical cell identity of the neighbor second cell; andcompare the determined physical cell identity to a second list stored in the at least one memory to determine whether the apparatus is authorized to access the neighbor second cell.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , in which the second list is received from the serving first cell on a broadcast channel.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , in which the second list is wirelessly received from the serving first cell claim 4 , and the second list comprises the physical cell identities of only those cells which are within the first list and within a service area of the serving first cell.6. The ...

AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL CONFIGURATION

The invention teaches a solution, for example, for Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The solution comprises determining a measurement pattern for at least one automatic gain control tracking loop when resource restrictions have been configured for a user equipment, the resource restrictions comprising at least one measurement restriction pattern, wherein each automatic gain control tracking loop is associated with at least one measurement restriction pattern; and performing automatic gain control measurements according to the measurement patterns of the at least one automatic gain control tracking loop. 1. A method comprising:determining a measurement pattern for at least one automatic gain control tracking loop according to resource restrictions that are applied to a user equipment, the resource restrictions comprising at least one measurement restriction pattern; andperforming automatic gain control measurements according to the measurement patterns of the at least one automatic gain control tracking loop.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein determining a measurement pattern for at least one automatic gain control tracking loop comprises:determining the measurement pattern for the at least one automatic gain control tracking loop based on the at least one measurement restriction pattern.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein determining a measurement pattern for at least one automatic gain control tracking loop comprises:receiving the measurement pattern for the at least one automatic gain control tracking loop from a base station.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a measurement pattern of an automatic gain control tracking loop is identical with at least one of a measurement restriction pattern relating to serving cell radio link monitoring/radio resource management measurements and a measurement restriction pattern relating to neighbor cell radio resource management measurements.5. The method according to claim 1 , whereina measurement ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTER-CELL INTERFERENCE COORDINATION PAGING OF A MOBILE TERMINAL IN AN IDLE STATE

A method and apparatus are provided for reliably paging a mobile terminal in the idle mode, even in an instance in which the mobile terminal is subjected to interference from a CSG cell. In this regard, a method is provided that includes causing an indication of an inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) paging period to be provided to the mobile terminal. The indication of the ICIC paging period includes an ICIC paging period Tand a number Nof consecutive almost blank subframes (ABS) subframes in which a paging message is to be expected. The method also determines, for a respective ICIC paging period, the Nnearest ABS subframes of the CSG cell relative to a paging occasion (PO) subframe of the mobile terminal. A paging message is also provided to the mobile terminal in one of the Nnearest ABS subframes of the CSG cell. 1. A method comprising:{'sub': ICIC', 'ABS, 'causing an indication of an inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) paging period to be provided to a mobile terminal in an idle state, wherein causing the indication of the ICIC paging period to be provided comprises providing an ICIC paging period Tand a number Nof consecutive almost blank subframes (ABS) subframes in which a paging message is to be expected;'}{'sub': 'ABS', 'for a respective ICIC paging period, determining, via a processor, the Nnearest ABS subframes of a closed subscriber (CSG) cell relative to a paging occasion (PO) subframe of the mobile terminal; and'}{'sub': 'ABS', 'causing a paging message to be provided to the mobile terminal in one of the Nnearest ABS subframes of the CSG cell relative to the PO subframe of the mobile terminal.'}2. A method according to wherein providing the ICIC paging period Tcomprises providing a multiplier nBof a paging period T of the mobile terminal claim 1 , and wherein the ICIC paging period Tis a product of the multiplier nBand the paging period T.3. A method according to wherein causing the paging message to be provided to the mobile terminal ...

Coordination of DRX and eICIC

An active reception period (active time) of a power saving pattern (DRX) is masked to a measurement period (ABS) of a serving or neighbor cell interference mitigation pattern (eICIC) such that the masked active reception period repeatedly coincides with the measurement period. Then the masked active reception period is utilized for communicating resource allocations (PDCCHs) between a serving cell (eNB) and a user equipment (UE). In various embodiments: the masking is done without shortening a sleep opportunity (DRX opportunity) of the power saving pattern; the masking is implemented by delaying an on-duration start time of the active reception period; the on-duration start time is controlled by a timer which runs only during measurement periods of the interference mitigation pattern, or by applying a second offset generated by the UE in addition to applying a first offset configured by the serving cell; and the masking is by adopting a default power saving pattern. 1. A method , comprising:masking an active reception period of a power saving pattern to a measurement period of a serving cell or neighbor cell interference mitigation pattern such that the masked active reception period repeatedly coincides with the measurement period; andutilizing the masked active reception period for communicating resource allocations between a serving cell and a user equipment.2. The method according to claim 1 , in which the masking is done without shortening a sleep opportunity of the power saving pattern.3. The method according to claim 1 , in which:the active reception period of the power saving pattern is an active time of a discontinuous reception DRX cycle; andthe measurement period of the interference mitigation pattern is an almost-blank subframe ABS of an enhanced intercell interference coordination eICIC measurement restriction pattern.4. The method according to claim 1 , in which masking the active reception period to the measurement period comprises delaying an on- ...

USER EQUIPMENT CARRIER ACTIVATION

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method includes: measuring at least one characteristic of a secondary component carrier to obtain a measurement result, where measuring is performed by an apparatus while the apparatus is in communication with a network via a primary component carrier with a network access node; and in response to the measurement result of the at least one characteristic being below a threshold, and further in response to receiving from the network access node an activation command for the secondary component carrier, considering the secondary component carrier as being undetectable. 1. A method , comprising:measuring at least one characteristic of a secondary component carrier to obtain a measurement result, wherein the measuring is performed by an apparatus while the apparatus is in communication with a network via a primary component carrier with a network access node; andin response to a measurement result of the at least one characteristic being below a threshold, and further in response to receiving from the network access node an activation command for the secondary component carrier, considering the secondary component carrier as being undetectable.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the primary component carrier and the secondary component carrier are suitable for use by the apparatus in conjunction with carrier aggregation.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the considering the secondary component carrier as undetectable comprises considering the secondary component carrier as being de-activated.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method is performed as a result of execution of computer program instructions claim 1 , stored in a computer-readable memory medium claim 1 , by at least one data processor of a user equipment.5. An apparatus claim 1 , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code,the at least one memory and the computer program code ...

Power Control for Inter-Band Multi-Carrier Capable Devices

There are provided measures for enabling power control for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices, such as e.g. inter-band carrier aggregation capable devices. Such measures may exemplarily include calculating at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, said two uplink carriers operating on different bands, signaling the calculated at least one output power restriction value to the terminal device, and performing power control for the at least two uplink carriers using the acquired at least one output power restriction value at the terminal device. 1. A method comprisingcalculating at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, said two uplink carriers operating on different bands, andsignaling the calculated at least one output power restriction value to the terminal device.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe calculating is based on at least one intermodulation power equation for the intermodulation power of the at least two uplink carriers, an allowable intermodulation power, and one or more related device-specific parameters of the terminal device and/or movement-related information of the terminal device, and/orthe signaling comprises signaling band-specific output power restriction values for the at least two uplink carriers.3. The method according claim 1 , wherein the at least one output power restriction value comprises at least one ofan output power restriction value for each combination of uplink carriers of the terminal device,an output power restriction value for those combinations of uplink carriers of the terminal device, which cause intermodulation distortion on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, andan output power restriction value for a group of combinations of uplink carriers of the terminal ...

Semiconductor structure and method for its production

The present invention relates to a semiconductor structure and a method for its production, the semiconductor structure comprising at least one conductor region 9 and at least two semiconductor regions ( 30,40 ), which semiconductor regions are partly separated by the at least one conductor region. The at least one conductor region comprises openings ( 22 ) extending between the semiconductor regions which are partly separated by the respective conductor region. The semiconductor regions comprise at least one organic semiconductor material having a specific HOMO energy level, in particular a DPP polymer. The conductor region comprises a conductive material having a specific work function, said combination of specific energy level and work function allowing for a simple preparation of the conductive region. The invention further relates to a method for providing such a semiconductor structure.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLING A STATIONARY USER TERMINAL IN A NETWORK

A method and apparatus are provided that may enable the facilitation of using a mobile terminal as a mobile gateway to integrate with a machine-to-machine (M2M) network. Communication with a user terminal that is stationary may therefore be optimized or simplified by providing mechanisms by which the user terminal may communicate its stationary status to the network. The network may then adjust communication configurations involving the user terminal based on the knowledge of the user terminal's status. 1. A method comprising:receiving a message via an uplink synchronization channel (UL-SCH) or a random access channel (RACH) from a user terminal indicating a stationary status of the user terminal, wherein the message includes at least one stationary status bit in a media access control (MAC) header of the UL-SCH or a signaling bit in padding of the RACH; andcausing provision of an altered mobility measurement configuration to the user terminal based on the indication of the stationary status.2. A method according to wherein receiving the message comprises receiving the message responsive to a determination that the user terminal will be disposed at a location for a predetermined period of time.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein causing provision of the altered mobility measurement configuration comprises directing the user terminal to employ a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration procedure.4. A method according to wherein directing the user terminal to employ an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure comprises directing the user terminal to employ an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure without provision of a mobility measurement.5. A method according to wherein directing the user terminal to employ an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure comprises directing the user terminal to provide mobility measurements according to requirements that are relaxed relative to requirements imposed upon the user terminal in a mobile state.6. A ...

METHOD FOR DETECTING NUCLEIC ACIDS

Method for detecting nucleic acids which employs a double-stranded oligonucleotide probe containing i) a first probe including a first label moiety, and ii) a second probe partially complementary with the first probe and including a second label moiety capable of interacting with the first moiety when brought in close proximity with each other, the second moiety being a quencher or acceptor of emission of the first moiety. The first or second probe includes a sequence complementary to that of a target nucleotide, and the second or first probe, respectively, includes a sequence complementary to a complement of the target nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid to be detected. Oligonucleotides for determining are also disclosed. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for detecting a nucleic acid , comprising i) a sample potentially containing the target nucleic acid, and', A) a first single-stranded oligonucleotide probe comprising at least one first label moiety capable of emitting a measurable signal, and', wherein said first or second oligonucleotide probe comprises a sequence which is essentially complementary to that of a target nucleotide sequence of said nucleic acid, and said second or first oligonucleotide probe, respectively, comprises a sequence which is essentially complementary to a complement of said target nucleotide sequence;', 'wherein complementary sequences of said double-stranded oligonucleotide probe are shorter than the full sequence of both said first and second single-stranded oligonucleotide probes;', 'wherein sequences of the first and second oligonucleotide probes not included in the complementary sequences of the double-stranded nucleotide probe are essentially complementary to corresponding sequences of the target nucleic acid;', {'sub': m', 'm, 'wherein said first and second oligonucleotide probes have a higher Twhen hybridized with said target nucleotide sequence compared to the Tof said double-stranded oligonucleotide probe; and'}, 'wherein said ...

ECOLOGICAL MULTILAYER STRUCTURE FOR HOSTING ELECTRONICS AND RELATED METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

Integrated multilayer structure for hosting electronics, including a first substrate—including organic, electrically substantially insulating natural material including and exhibiting a related naturally grown or natural textile based surface texture, said first substrate having a first side facing a predefined front side of the structure, said first side of the first substrate being optionally configured to face a user and/or use environment of the structure or of its host device, and an opposite second side, a plastic layer, optionally including thermoplastic or thermoset plastics, molded onto said second side of the first substrate so as to at least partially cover it, and circuitry provided on the second side of the first substrate, said circuitry being at least partially embedded in the molded material of the plastic layer. Related method of manufacture is presented. 117.-. (canceled)18. An integrated multilayer structure for hosting electronics , comprising:a 3d-formable first substrate fabricated from a substantially electrically-insulative, organic material, the first substrate having a first side, and an opposite second side;a plastic layer molded onto the second side of the first substrate to at least partially cover the first substrate, the plastic layer having a first side that faces the second side of the first substrate, and an opposite second side;a second substrate disposed on the second side of the plastic layer; anda light source and associated circuitry disposed on the second substrate, wherein the organic material of the first substrate comprises opaque material being at least locally configured to have a reduced thickness area to enable light emitted by the light source to glow through the first substrate and thereby towards an environment of the integrated multilayer structure on the first side of the first substrate.19. The integrated multilayer structure according to claim 18 , wherein the second substrate is plastic.20. The integrated ...

Dormant Cell RRM Measurement Reporting

The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding dormant cell RRM (Radio Resource Management) measurement reporting. Certain aspects of the present invention include configuring, at a base station, a measurment configuration message for causing user equipment served by the base station to perform and report measurements on cells, the measurement configuration message comprising information indicating criteria impacting a measurement reporting procedure with respect to the cells, the said criteria being related to at least one of the state of a cell, a type of a cell, and a type of a signal used for the measurements of the cells, and transmitting said configured measurement configuration message to the user equipment. 126-. (canceled)27. A method , comprising:configuring, at a base station, a measurement configuration message for causing user equipment served by the base station to perform and report measurements on cells,the measurement configuration message comprising information indicating criteria impacting a measurement reporting procedure with respect to the cells,the said criteria being related to at least one of the state of a cell, a type of a cell, and a type of a signal used for the measurements of the cells, andtransmitting said configured measurement configuration message to the user equipment.28. The method according to claim 27 , further comprisingreceiving, at the base station, a measurement report from the user equipment, anddetermining, based on the received measurement report, which cells to turn ON/OFF and which cell to configure as target cell for the user equipment.29. The method according to claim 27 , whereinan offset is added to an event triggering condition depending on the state of the measured cell.30. The method according to claim 27 , whereinan offset is added to a time-to-trigger depending on the state of the measured cell.31. The method according to ...

Method, Apparatus and Computer Program for Scheduling in Dual Connectivity Scenarios

A method includes receiving at a first base station rate information dependent on communication between a user equipment and another base station and using said rate information to schedule communications between said first base station and said user equipment. 1. A method comprising:receiving at a first base station rate information dependent on communication between a user equipment and another base station; andusing said rate information to schedule communications between said first base station and said user equipment.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising using said rate information and an aggregate maximum bit rate associated with said user equipment to schedule said communications between said first base station and said user equipment.3. A method as claimed in claim 2 , comprising scheduling said communications such that said aggregate maximum bit rate for said user equipment is not exceeded.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said rate information comprises one or more of bit rate history claim 1 , a duration associated with said bit rate and a bit rate value.5. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein said bit rate value comprises a limiting bit rate value and said using of said rate information comprises scheduling communications between said first base station and user equipment with a bit rate below said limiting bit rate value.6. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said received rate information is associated with at least one of uplink and downlink communications between said another base station and said user equipment.7. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising using said rate information to schedule at least one of uplink and downlink communications between said first base station and said user equipment.8. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising receiving said rate information from said another base station.9. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising receiving said rate information from said another base station via ...

BEAM-BASED RADIO LINK MONITORING

A method including monitoring, by a user equipment (UE) operating in a multi-beam based communication session, signal qualities for a plurality of beams in the multi-beam based communication session (); determining a beam link failure (BLF) occurring for at least one of the beams in the multi-beam based communication session (); determining a type of the beam in which the beam link failure (BLF) is occurring (); and updating a radio link failure (RLF) related condition in dependence on the type of the beam in which the beam link failure (BLF) is occurring (). 123.-. (canceled)24. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one non-transitory memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause an apparatus operating in a multi-beam based communication session at least to:monitor signal qualities for a plurality of beams in the multi-beam based communication session;determine a beam link failure (BLF) occurring for at least one of the beams; in response to detecting that BLF occurs for all of the beams of the predetermined type, decide to provide an indication of the BLF to a higher layer; and', 'in response to detecting that there is at least one other beam of the predetermined type without BLF, decide not to provide an indication of the BLF to a higher layer., 'detect whether or not BLF occurs for all of the beams of a predetermined type; and'}25. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the indication is provided from layer 1 to layer 2.26. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the monitoring is based on monitoring physical downlink control channels.27. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the monitoring is based on a beam-specific in-sync indication and/or out-of-sync indication of the signal quality of the beam.28. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to claim 24 , with the at least one processor ...

ESTABLISHING TETHERING CELLS REMOTELY

According to an aspect, there is provided a terminal device comprising means for performing the following. The terminal device transmits a tethering request for setting up a tethering cell over at least one communications network to at least one tethering terminal device capable of setting up a tethering cell. Then, the terminal device performs tethering cell discovery for discovering tethering cells set up by any of said at least one tethering terminal device. In response to discovering a tethering cell provided by a tethering terminal device of said at least one tethering terminal device, the terminal device accesses the tethering cell. 1. A terminal device , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to perform:transmitting a tethering request for setting up a tethering cell over at least one communications network to at least one tethering terminal device capable of setting up a tethering cell;performing tethering cell discovery for discovering tethering cells set up by any of said at least one tethering terminal device; andaccessing, in response to discovering a tethering cell provided by a tethering terminal device of said at least one tethering terminal device, the tethering cell.2. The terminal device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one memory and computer program code are further configured to cause the device to perform:maintaining, in a memory of the terminal device, information on a first set of one or more tethering terminal devices capable of setting up a tethering cell, wherein said information on the first set comprising, for each tethering terminal device in the first set, at least contact information enabling the terminal device to communicate with said tethering terminal device over said at least one communications network; andselecting, before the transmitting of ...

ENHANCED RADIO LINK MONITORING FOR USER EQUIPMENT

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for enhanced radio link monitoring (RLM) are provided. One method may include signaling, by a network node, information to at least one user equipment. The information may include an indication of a maximum number of physical downlink control channel repetition and aggregation level(s). The indication may be independent from the physical downlink control channel repetition and aggregation level that the at least one user equipment is configured to monitor for data transfer. 130-. (canceled)31. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code,the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least tosignal information to at least one user equipment,wherein the information comprises an indication of a maximum number of physical downlink control channel repetition and aggregation level(s),wherein the indication is independent from the physical downlink control channel repetition and aggregation level that the at least one user equipment is configured to monitor for data transfer.32. The apparatus according to claim 31 , wherein the physical downlink control channel comprises at least one of a machine type communication physical downlink control channel or a narrowband-internet of things physical downlink control channel.33. The apparatus according to claim 31 , wherein the indication in the information further comprises an optional inactivity timer for at least one of enhanced radio link monitoring or radio link failure monitoring.34. The apparatus according to claims 31 , wherein the information further comprises another indication to the at least one user equipment of whether to use claims 31 , for radio link monitoring claims 31 , the physical downlink control channel repetition and aggregation level that the at least one user equipment is configured to monitor for data ...

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR FASTER RADIO FREQUENCY ACTIVATION

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for faster radio frequency (RF) activation are provided. One method may include transmitting by a network node, or receiving by a user equipment, a connection release message for the user equipment, wherein the connection release message comprises an indication for the user equipment to start measuring secondary cells after connection release. The method may then include during or immediately after connection setup or connection resume, receiving by the network node or transmitting by the user equipment, an indication of availability of measurements of the secondary cells. 134.-. (canceled)35. A method , comprising:transmitting, by a network node, a connection release message to a user equipment, wherein the connection release message comprises an indication for the user equipment to start measuring secondary cells after connection release; andduring or immediately after connection setup or connection resume, receiving from the user equipment an indication of availability of measurements of the secondary cells, andtransmitting, by the network node, a message to indicate to the user equipment to activate one or more additional radio frequency chains.36. The method according to claim 35 , wherein the secondary cells are measured according to a given inter-frequency measurement configuration for detecting potential candidate secondary cells.37. The method according to claim 35 , wherein the indication of availability of measurements of the secondary cells is received in a radio resource control connection resume complete message.38. The method according to claim 37 , further comprising transmitting the message to further indicate a quality condition for activating the one or more additional radio frequency chains.39. An apparatus claim 37 , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory comprising computer program code,the at least one memory and computer program code configured, with the at least ...

Signalling for Using Operating Band Combination

A method including transmitting information from an apparatus regarding at least one operating band combination; selecting by the apparatus either a supported indicator or an unsupported indicator regarding the information; and transmitting the selected indicator by the apparatus. 1. A method comprising:transmitting information from an apparatus regarding at least one operating band combination;selecting by the apparatus either a supported indicator or an unsupported indicator regarding the information; andtransmitting the selected indicator by the apparatus.2. A method as in where the information regarding at least one operating band combination comprises at least one of:an index comprising a plurality of operating band combinations; anda bitmap relating to the index of operating band combinations.3. A method as in where the information regarding at least one operating band combination comprises capabilities regarding respective bands in the at least one operating band combination.4. A method as in further comprising transmitting an indication regarding carrier aggregation (CA) and/or dual connectivity (DC) and/or LTE-WLAN Aggregation (LWA) operating band combinations for at least one number of component carriers (CC) claim 1 , and where the information regarding the at least one operating band combination comprises capability information regarding the carrier aggregation (CA) and/or dual connectivity (DC) and/or LTE-WLAN Aggregation (LWA) operating band combinations for the at least one number of component carrier (CC).5. A method as in further comprising:after transmitting the information and the selected indicator, receiving by the apparatus a request for further capabilities information regarding a selected one of the at least one operating band combination; andtransmitting from the apparatus the further capabilities information for the apparatus regarding respective bands of the selected operating band combination.6. A method as in further comprising claim 1 , ...

BIOAFFINITY ASSAY METHOD UTILIZING TWO-PHOTONEXCITATION OF FLUORESCENCE

The invention relates to a separation free bioanalytical assay method for qualitatively and/or quantitatively determining an analyte () in a sample of a biological fluid or suspension. The invention resides in that the method comprises, apart from essential steps for a two-photon excitation based assay method well known in prior art, the further steps of: a) recording focus positions and corresponding two-photon excited fluorescence emission photon counts of a plurality of microparticles () of a device; b) calculating a correction matrix for the device employing the recorded focus positions and corresponding two-photon excited fluorescence emission photon counts, and c) correcting two-photon excited fluorescence emission photon counts from the microparticles () of said device employing the correction matrix obtained for the device employing the recorded focus positions and the corresponding two-photon excited fluorescence emission counts. 14. A separation free bioanalytical assay method for qualitatively and/or quantitatively determining an analyte () in a sample of a biological fluid or suspension , said method comprising the steps of:{'b': 1', '2', '4', '3', '4, 'a) contacting a bioaffinity solid phase comprising microparticles () to which a primary reagent () biospecific to said analyte () is bound simultaneously with said sample and a secondary reagent () biospecific to said analyte () labelled with a fluorescent label in a reaction volume, thereby initiating a reaction,'}{'b': '1', 'b) scanning a two-photon excitation focal volume within said reaction volume using a beam deflecting scanner and a two-photon exciting volume created by a focused laser beam which optically moves the microparticles (),'}{'b': '1', 'c) momentarily interrupting scanning or reducing scanning speed of said two-photon excitation focal volume when said two-photon exciting volume approaches a microparticle () randomly located in the reaction volume,'}{'b': '1', 'd) applying optical force ...

Asymmetric Capability Coordination in Dual Connectivity

For dual connectivity with a UE where a master radio access node communicates using one of an older or newer radio access technology (RAT) and a secondary radio access node communicates using the other of the older or newer RAT, the master node a) sends to the secondary node an addition request message comprising configuration information enabling the secondary node to operate with the master node for dual connectivity with a user equipment (UE); b) receives from the secondary node in reply a request acknowledgement message acknowledging participation by the secondary node in the dual connectivity; and thereafter c) participates in the dual connectivity when communicating wirelessly with the UE. The addition request and request acknowledgement messages are in accordance with RRC signaling of the older RAT regardless which of the older and the newer RAT the master node uses when participating in the dual connectivity. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the older RAT is E-UTRAN and the newer RAT is 5G.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the request acknowledgement message indicates a configuration of the secondary radio access node for participating in the dual connectivity.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:the addition request message indicates a first version number that is valid for at least a portion of the configuration information; andthe request acknowledgement message indicates a second version number that is valid for a configuration of the secondary radio access node that is included in the request acknowledgement message.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:the dual connectivity comprises the master radio access node communicating with the UE using the older RAT and the secondary radio access node communicating with the UE using the newer RAT; andthe configuration information in the addition request message comprises a configuration of a master cell group of which the master radio access node is a member, and ...

PHYSICAL LAYER CONFIGURATION CONTINUITY DURING RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL RESTORATION

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for physical layer configuration continuity during radio resource control (RRC) restoration. One method includes receiving, by a network node, a request for radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment or resume from a user equipment. The request comprises an indication of parameter continuity that was a part of the user equipment's configuration. The method may further include, when it is determined to accept the request for radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment or resume, generating a radio resource control (RRC) message for facilitating continued configuration of lower layer parameters for the user equipment. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, by a network node, a request for radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment or resume from a user equipment, wherein the request comprises an indication of parameter continuity that was a part of the user equipment's configuration;when it is determined to accept the request for radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment or resume, generating a radio resource control (RRC) message for facilitating continued configuration of one or more lower layer parameters for the user equipment.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the indication of the parameter continuity comprises an indication of one or more lower layer parameters.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the indication of the parameter continuity comprises an indication of one or more physical layer parameters.4. The method according to claims 13 , further comprising receiving an indication claims 13 , from the user equipment claims 13 , of an estimate of current channel quality to guide the network node in whether the user equipment's current configuration is still valid.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 , further comprising receiving a predefined category of one or more lower layer parameters that need to be maintained during radio resource control (RRC) re- ...

User Equipment Measurements Upon Secondary Radio Link Failure for Long Term Evolution - New Radio Tight Interworking

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products relating to Long Term Evolution (LTE)-new radio access technology (NR) tight interworking are provided. One method may include maintaining, by a network node, user equipment (UE) measurement configuration information, deciding on actions for the UE to perform at secondary cell group (SCG) change or secondary radio link failure (S-RLF), and receiving an indication, from the UE, when there is a change in the UE measurement requirements. 134-. (canceled)35. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory comprising computer program code,the at least one memory and computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least toafter a secondary radio link failure (S-RLF), continue, by a user equipment (UE), measurements according to current requirements;send an indication of results of the measurements to at least one of a master network node and secondary network node;gradually alter, by the user equipment (UE), the measurement requirements until the measurement requirements reach a loosest defined requirement; andindicate the change in the measurement requirements to at least one of the master network node or the secondary network node,wherein, to gradually alter the measurement requirements, the at least one memory and computer program code are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to alter the measurement requirements in one or more steps until the measurement requirements reach a same or similar requirement as at least one of idle mode or discontinuous reception.36. The apparatus according to claim 35 , wherein the at least one memory and computer program code are further configured claim 35 , with the at least one processor claim 35 , to cause the apparatus at least to:receive an indication from the network to follow the apparatus' own proposal for the measurement requirements or to follow ...

Method, apparatus and computer program product for indicating a seam of an image in a corresponding area of a scene

A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for indicating a seam of a subject image, such as a panoramic image generated from multiple images, in a corresponding area of a scene. Information may be received regarding the position, settings, and/or other attributes of a camera(s). A seam of the subject image to be taken of the scene, or generated as a panoramic image from multiple images of the scene may then be determined. The seam may be the actual or predicted seam of the subject image where two or more images may be stitched together. An indication of the seam may be provided in the scene, such as by emitting light in an area corresponding to the seam. A warning may be provided via a user interface, indicating that degradation may occur in the area of the scene corresponding to the seam.

A method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells

The invention relates to a method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells, wherein the method comprises: step a) of inducing non-pluripotent cells to produce a mixture comprising induced pluripotent stem cells and non-pluripotent cells; step b) of contacting the mixture comprising induced pluripotent stem cells and non-pluripotent cells obtainable from step a) with a binding agent, wherein the binding agent is capable of binding an epitope consisting of the non-reducing terminal saccharide structure according to formula (Fucα1-2) a Galβ1-3HexNAcβ, wherein a=0 or 1 and Hex is either Glc or Gal; and step c) of selecting an induced pluripotent stem cell bound by the binding agent.

ECOLOGICAL MULTILAYER STRUCTURE FOR HOSTING ELECTRONICS AND RELATED METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

Integrated multilayer structure () for hosting electronics, comprising a first substrate () comprising organic, electrically substantially insulating natural material including and exhibiting a related naturally grown or natural textile based surface texture, said first substrate having a first side (A) facing a predefined front side of the structure, said first side of the first substrate being optionally configured to face a user and/or use environment of the structure or of its host device, and an opposite second side (B), a plastic layer (), optionally comprising thermoplastic or thermoset plastics, molded onto said second side of the first substrate so as to at least partially cover it, and circuitry (B) provided on the second side of the first substrate, said circuitry being at least partially embedded in the molded material of the plastic layer. Related method of manufacture is presented. 1. An integrated multilayer structure for hosting electronics , comprising:a 3d-formable first substrate comprising organic, electrically substantially insulating natural material including and exhibiting a related naturally grown or natural textile based surface texture, said first substrate having a first side facing a predefined front side of the structure, said first side of the first substrate being optionally configured to face a user and/or use environment of the structure or of its host device, and an opposite second side,a plastic layer, comprising thermoplastic, molded onto said second side of the first substrate so as to at least partially cover it, andcircuitry provided on the second side of the first substrate, said circuitry being at least partially embedded in the molded material of the plastic layer.2. The integrated multilayer structure according to claim 1 , wherein the circuitry comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of: electrically conductive trace claim 1 , contact pad claim 1 , electrode claim 1 , electronic component claim 1 ...

Escalator

An escalator includes a truss formed of a support structure that bridges a lower landing and an upper landing of the escalator. The truss includes two rising side sections extending upwards from a bottom plane of the truss, the side sections extending along a length of the truss and being joined together with cross braces. The escalator includes a subframe attached to an outer side of at least one side section of the truss, the subframe being arranged to receive an outer cladding of the escalator.

CONTROL PLANE SIGNALING FOR INTEGRATED ACCESS AND BACKHAUL NODES

Various communication systems may benefit from improved network signaling. For example, certain embodiments may benefit from an improved connection between relay nodes and network entities. A method may include receiving at a user equipment part of an integrated access and backhaul node downlink information from a donor node. The downlink information may include F1 application protocol information. The method may also include forwarding the downlink information including the F1 application protocol information from the user equipment part of the integrated access and backhaul node to a radio access network part of the integrated access and backhaul node. 153-. (canceled)54. A method , comprising:receiving at a user equipment part of an integrated access and backhaul node downlink information from a donor node, the downlink information comprising at least F1 application protocol information; andforwarding the downlink information comprising at least the F1 application protocol information from the user equipment part of the integrated access and backhaul node to a radio access network part of the integrated access and backhaul node.55. The method according to claim 54 , wherein a signaling radio bearer is passed over a backhaul link claim 54 , andwherein the downlink information received at the user equipment part of the integrated access and backhaul node is received via the signaling radio bearer.56. The method according to claim 54 , wherein the downlink information is received at the user equipment part of the integrated access and backhaul node as a radio resource control message or signal.57. The method according to claim 55 , wherein the signaling radio bearer is identified by an identifier claim 55 , and the identifier is a logical channel identifier.58. An apparatus claim 55 , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory comprising computer program code,wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at ...

Navigational aid with adaptive radar

A portable electronic navigational aid ( 104 ) e.g. for the blind ( 102 ), comprising a radio frequency, preferably millimeter wave, radar ( 218 ) with at least one transmitting (TX) channel and a plurality of receiving (RX) channels, at least one orientation sensor ( 220 ) configured to obtain data indicative of the orientation of the radar, and a processing element ( 210 ) configured to adaptively control ( 500, 602 ) the beamforming of the radar based on the data provided by the orientation sensor. A corresponding method is presented. An accessory, such as a replaceable cover, containing a radio frequency radar for attaching to an electronic host device is presented.

MULTICAST PAGING MESSAGE FOR INDICATING PROPRIETARY PROTOCOL SUPPORT

Various communication systems may benefit from appropriate indications of protocol support. For example, certain wireless communication systems may use a multicast paging message for indicating proprietary protocol support. A method can include listening, at a user equipment, for a proprietary information message. The proprietary message can be configured to be un-interpreted by non-configured user equipment. The listening can be configured to follow a predefined timing. The method can also include interpreting the proprietary information according to a predetermined configuration when the message is received by the user equipment. 1. A method , comprising:listening, at a user equipment, for a proprietary information message, wherein the proprietary message is configured to be un-interpreted by non-configured user equipment, wherein the listening is configured to follow a predefined timing; andinterpreting the proprietary information according to a predetermined configuration when the message is received by the user equipment.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the message is multicast to a plurality of user equipment listening on a channel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the message is received at the user equipment at a same time as system information block reception.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the message is received outside a normal paging cycle.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interpreting comprises interpreting the proprietary information to obtain information about at least one network condition of an access network.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one condition comprises a loading condition.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the message is identified as being sent to a specific international mobile subscriber identity but is received outside a paging occasion determined by the international mobile subscriber identity.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the interpreting comprises interpreting the proprietary information from the ...

Optimized Signaling for WLAN/3GPP Aggregation

Various communication systems may benefit from the appropriate aggregation of multiple radio access technologies. For example, certain communication systems may benefit from optimized signaling for wireless local area network and third generation partnership projection aggregation. A method can include determining, by a network element, which parameters according to a first standard are also applicable according to a second standard for aggregation and/or interworking. The method can also include indicating the determined parameters to a user equipment. 141-. (canceled)42. A method , comprising:receiving a traffic steering command at a user equipment; andchanging, responsive to receiving the command, at least one rule or parameter by which the user equipment operates with a radio access network.43. The method of claim 42 , wherein the changing comprises disabling a first standard behavior in favor of a second standard behavior when the traffic steering command is received.44. The method of claim 42 , wherein the at least one rule or parameter is applicable for an interworking mechanism.45. An apparatus claim 42 , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code,wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least toreceive a traffic steering command at a user equipment; andchange, responsive to receiving the command, at least one rule or parameter by which the user equipment operates with a radio access network.46. The apparatus of claim 45 , wherein for changing the at least one rule or parameter claim 45 , the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured claim 45 , with the at least one processor claim 45 , to cause the apparatus to disable a first standard behavior in favor of a second standard behavior when the traffic steering command is received.47. The apparatus of claim 45 , wherein the at least one rule or ...

Cell Selection

A technique including detecting respective pairs of primary and auxiliary priority indicator values for a plurality of radio resources of a radio access network in one or more transmissions by said radio access network; and selecting a cell to adopt as a serving cell based at least partly on both said primary indicator values and said auxiliary indicator values; wherein the primary priority indicator values for said plurality of radio resources provide an indication of the priority order for said plurality of radio resources to a first degree of resolution; and the combinations of primary and auxiliary priority indicator values for said plurality of radio resources provide an indication of the priority order for said plurality of radio resources to a second degree of resolution higher than said first degree of resolution. 1. A method comprising: detecting respective pairs of primary priority indicator values and auxiliary priority indicator values for a plurality of radio resources of a radio access network in one or more transmissions by said radio access network; and selecting a cell to adopt as a serving cell based at least partly on both said primary priority indicator values and said auxiliary priority indicator values; wherein the primary priority indicator values for said plurality of radio resources provide an indication of a priority order for said plurality of radio resources to a first degree of resolution; and combinations of the primary and auxiliary priority indicator values for said plurality of radio resources provide an indication of the priority order for said plurality of radio resources to a second degree of resolution higher than said first degree of resolution.2. A method according to claim 1 , comprising: selecting a cell from a plurality of cells to adopt as a serving cell based at least partly on a comparison of said primary priority indicator values for the radio resources for said plurality of cells claim 1 , and in the event of one or ...

Method and device for recovering metal by leaching

The present disclosure provides a method for recovering metal from metal-containing waste material by leaching. In the method comprising providing aqueous solution (14), providing leaching agent precursor, providing a source of external energy (10), treating the aqueous solution (14) with the external energy (10) to form reactive species, reacting the leaching agent precursor with the reactive species to form a leaching agent and to obtain a leaching solution, providing metal-containing material, reacting the metal-containing material with the leaching solution to obtain soluble metal complexes, and recovering the metal complexes. The present disclosure also provides a device for recovering metal by leaching.

WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (WLAN) RADIO LINK FAILURE (RLF) TRIGGERING

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for wireless local area network (WLAN) radio link failure (RLF) triggering are provided. 1. A method , comprising:initiating a wireless local area network status report to a network node; andindicating, to the network node, a trigger of the wireless local area network status report.2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the trigger of the wireless local area network status report is a radio link failure.3. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the status report is initiated by receiving a wireless local area network management frame which indicates a service set change outside of a network node configured mobility domain wherein the mobility domain is a group of access points for which user equipment's autonomous wireless local area network mobility is allowed.4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the status report is initiated by a change in mobility domain to a domain outside of a network node configured mobility domain wherein the mobility domain is a group of access points for which user equipment's autonomous wireless local area network mobility is allowed.5. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the status report is initiated by a change in at least one of wireless local area network operating class and frequency channel claim 1 , which is allowed for the user equipment's autonomous wireless local area network operation.6. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the status report is initiated by receiving a go to cellular signaling from a serving wireless local area network which on-loads traffic from the wireless local area network to a cellular network.7. The method as in claims 1 , wherein the initiating of wireless local area network status report is configured by the network node.8. An apparatus claims 1 , comprising:at least one data processor; and initiate a wireless local area network status report to a network node; and', 'indicate, to the network node, a trigger of the wireless local area network ...

Re-Establishment Procedure in Dual Connectivity Networks

A method and apparatus are provided. The method includes providing a primary secondary cell by a second node for a user equipment operating in dual connectivity with a first node and the second node; and receiving a request from the user equipment requesting that the primary secondary cell provide the functionality of a primary cell for the user equipment when a radio link between the user equipment and a primary cell provided by the first node is lost. 1. A method comprising:providing a primary cell by a first node for a user equipment operating in dual-connectivity with the first node and a second node ; andconfiguring the user equipment to send a request to a primary secondary cell provided by the second node requesting that the primary secondary cell provide the functionality of a primary cell for the user equipment when a radio link between the user equipment and the primary cell is lost.2. The method of further comprising:providing a user equipment context to the primary secondary cell.3. The method of wherein the user equipment context comprises information relating to carrying out the functionality of a primary cell.4. The method of where the functionality of a primary cell comprises providing a radio resource control connection for the user equipment.5. The method of wherein the user equipment context comprises information relating to providing a radio resource control connection.6. The method of wherein the user equipment context comprises radio resource control connection parameters for the user equipment.7. The method of further comprising:providing a user equipment context to the primary secondary cell during a dual connectivity setup procedure.8. The method of wherein configuring the user equipment further comprising configuring the user equipment during a dual connectivity configuration procedure.9. The method of further comprising:receiving a request from the primary secondary cell to release the primary cell for the user equipment.10. The method of ...

CONTROL MECHANISM FOR SUPPORTING CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT PROCEDURE

An apparatus for use by a communication network control element or function configured to conduct a communication control for a communication with a communication element or function in a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to prepare the communication element or function to conduct measurements for establishing a secondary connection during a random access procedure conducted for establishing a primary connection, wherein the measurements for establishing the secondary connection are to be based on a reference signal to be transmitted by at least one secondary communication network control element or function enabling the establishment of the secondary connection, to receive and process a random access related signaling from the communication element or function regarding the primary connection, to determine a timing for initiating a transmission of the reference signal by the at least one secondary communication network control element or function, and to cause transmission of the reference signal by the at least one secondary communication network control element or function on the basis of the determined timing. 1. An apparatus for use by a communication network control element or function configured to conduct a communication control for a communication with a communication element or function in a communication network , the apparatus comprisingat least one processing circuitry; andat least one memory storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry;wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least to:prepare the communication element or function to conduct measurements ...

OPTIMIZED USER EQUIPMENT MEASUREMENTS FOR FAST CELL ACCESS

Various communication systems may benefit from taking appropriate measurements. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from optimized user equipment measurements for fast cell access. A method can include operating a user equipment in a connected mode. The method can also include receiving a configuration from a network to which the user equipment is connected, wherein the configuration is configured to instruct the user equipment regarding measurements with respect to detected cells. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, at a user equipment operating in a connected mode, a configuration from a network to which the user equipment is connected,wherein the configuration comprises instructions to the user equipment regarding measurements with respect to detected cells;performing the measurements according to the received configuration; andreporting the measurements to the network.213.-. (canceled)14. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory comprising computer program code,the at least one memory and computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least toreceive a configuration from a network to which the apparatus is connected,wherein the configuration comprises instructions to the apparatus regarding measurements with respect to detected cells;perform the measurements according to the received configuration; andreport the measurements to the network.15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the configuration comprises at least one of instructions to maintain measurements of at least one of the detected cells after connection release or suspend claim 14 , and an indication of a retention time for the measurements.16. (canceled)17. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein claim 14 , when one or more of the detected cells are no longer detectable claim 14 , the at least one memory and computer program code are configured claim 14 , with the at least one ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDOVER IN DUAL CONNECTIVITY USER EQUIPMENT AND BASE STATION

A method comprises, responsive to a first base station of a user equipment changing, causing measurement information of one or more cells of one or more second base stations made by said user equipment to be stored; and causing said stored measurement information to be provided to a third base station. 117-. (canceled)18. A method comprising:responsive to a first base station of a user equipment changing, causing measurement information of one or more cells of one or more second base stations made by said user equipment to be stored; andcausing said stored measurement information to be provided to a third base station.19. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein said user equipment is connected to at least one cell of the first base station and at least one cell of at least one second base station before the first base station changes.20. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein said first base station comprises a master base station claim 18 , said one or more second base stations comprise one or more secondary base stations and said third base station comprises a new master base station.21. The method as claimed in claim 18 , comprising receiving information indicating that said first base station is to change.22. The method as claimed in claim 21 , wherein said information indicating that said first base station is to change comprises a radio resource control reconfiguration message.23. The method as claimed in claim 18 , comprising receiving information indicating for which one or more cells of said one or more second base stations measurement information is to be stored.24. The method as claimed in claim 23 , wherein said information indicating for which one or more cells of said one or more second base stations measurement information is to be stored is received in a handover command.25. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein said measurement information comprises one or more of reference signal received power claim 18 , reference signal received ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS PROVIDING ACCESS CONTROL

A method comprises receiving information at a user device about one or more types of access and associated barring configuration information. The one or more types of access may comprise programmable access classes. The method further using by the user device one or more of said types of access and respective barring configuration information when determining whether to attempt access to a network. 1. A method comprising:receiving information at a user device about one or more types of access and associated barring configuration information; andusing by the user device one or more of said types of access and respective barring configuration information when determining whether to attempt access to a network.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising receiving one or more of said information about one or more types of access and said associated barring configuration information in one or more of a broadcast claim 1 , multicast or unicast message.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said information about one or more types of access comprises at least one indicator.4. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said indicator comprises at least one of a default indicator claim 3 , a priority indicator and a specific indicator.5. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said using comprises using a stored value of at least one indicator and performing a check with a respect to said barring information corresponding to the indicator.6. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said using comprises determining if said barring information for an indicator corresponds to said type of access and if said barring information corresponds to said indicator access is not barred and if said barring information does not correspond to said indicator barring said access.7. A method comprising causing information about one or more types of access and associated barring configuration information to be transmitted to at least one user device.8. The method as claimed in ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLING DATA ACTIVITY OF A SECONDARY CELL

A method and apparatus may include determining a channel between a secondary cell and a user equipment. The method may also include transmitting information relating to the channel to a primay cell of a second network node. The transmitting the information comprises transmitting via an interface between the secondary cell and the primary cell. 1. A method , comprising:determining, by a first network node, a channel between a secondary cell and a user equipment; andtransmitting information relating to the channel to a primary cell of a second network node, wherein the transmitting the information comprises transmitting via an interface between the secondary cell and the primary cell.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first network node comprises a secondary evolved Node B claim 1 , the second network node comprises a master evolved Node B claim 1 , and the information exchanged between the secondary cell and the primary cell is exchanged via an external X2 interface between the secondary evolved Node B and the master evolved Node B.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first network node and the second network node correspond to the same evolved Node B claim 1 , and the information exchanged between the secondary cell and the primary cell is exchanged via an internal X2 interface within the evolved Node B.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first network node and the second network node belong to different radio technologies and the information exchanged between the secondary cell and the primary cell is exchanged via an external interface defined between the secondary network node and the primary network node.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first network node is a WLAN claim 1 , the second network node is an evolved Node B claim 1 , and the information exchanged between the secondary cell and the primary cell is exchanged via an external Xw interface defined between the WLAN and the evolved Node B.6. The method ...

HANDLING DIFFERENT TYPES OF RSRQ MEASUREMENTS BASED ON OFFSETS

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for RSRQ measurements. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include receiving, at a user equipment, measurement configuration information including at least one value for a first type of reference signal received quality measurement; detecting, at the user equipment, whether an offset is received from the network; adjusting the at least one value in accordance with the detected offset to enable a second type of reference signal received quality measurement at the user equipment; and activating the second type of reference signal received quality measurement configured with the adjusted at least one value. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described. 153-. (canceled)54. A method comprising:receiving, at a user equipment, measurement configuration information including at least one value for a first type of reference signal received quality measurement;detecting, at the user equipment, whether an offset is received from the network;adjusting the at least one value in accordance with the detected offset to enable a second type of reference signal received quality measurement at the user equipment; andactivating the second type of reference signal received quality measurement configured with the adjusted at least one value.55. The method of claim 54 , wherein the first type of reference signal received quality is determined based on a reference symbol received power divided by a received signal strength indicator claim 54 , wherein the received signal strength indicator is measured from symbols only in which common reference symbols are present.56. The method of claim 54 , wherein the second type of reference signal received quality is determined based on a reference symbol received power divided by a received signal strength indicator claim 54 , wherein the received signal strength indicator is measured from all of the symbols of a subframe.57. The ...

ECOLOGICAL MULTILAYER STRUCTURE FOR HOSTING ELECTRONICS AND RELATED METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

An integrated multilayer structure for hosting electronics, includes a first substrate including organic, electrically substantially insulating natural material including and exhibiting a related naturally grown or natural textile based surface texture. The first substrate has a first side facing a predefined front side of the structure, the first side of the first substrate being optionally configured to face a user and/or use an environment of the structure or of its host device. The first substrate has an opposite second side, a plastic layer, optionally including thermoplastic or thermoset plastics, molded onto the second side of the first substrate so as to at least partially cover it. The first substrate further includes circuitry provided on the second side of the first substrate, wherein the circuitry is at least partially embedded in the molded material of the plastic layer. A related method of manufacture is also presented. 117.-. (canceled)18. An integrated multilayer structure for hosting electronics , comprising:a 3d-formable first substrate fabricated from a substantially electrically-insulative, organic material, the first substrate having a first side, and an opposite second side;a plastic layer molded onto the second side of the first substrate to at least partially cover the first substrate, the plastic layer having a first side that faces the second side of the first substrate, and an opposite second side;a plastic second substrate molded on the second side of the plastic layer; anda light source at least partially embedded in the second substrate.19. The integrated multilayer structure according to claim 18 , wherein the second substrate is a thermoplastic film.20. The integrated multilayer structure according to claim 18 , further comprising another light source disposed on the second side of the first substrate.21. The integrated multilayer structure according to claim 20 , wherein the another light source is at least partially embedded in the ...

RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR MACHINE LEARNING

An example method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium are provided for radio resource control (RRC) procedures for machine learning (ML). In an example implementation, the method may include receiving, by a user equipment (UE), machine learning (ML) configuration from a network node; collecting, by the user equipment (UE), machine learning (ML) data based at least on the machine learning (ML) configuration received from the network node, the machine learning (ML) data being collected from one or more layers of the user equipment (UE) in a coordinated manner; and transmitting, by the user equipment (UE), the collected machine learning (ML) data to the network node. In another example implementation, the method may include transmitting, by a network node, machine learning (ML) configuration to a user equipment (UE); and receiving, by the network node, machine learning (ML) data from the user equipment (UE), the machine learning (ML) data received in response to the machine learning (ML) configuration transmitted to the user equipment (UE). 128-. (canceled)29. A method of communications , comprising:receiving, by a user equipment (UE), a machine learning (ML) configuration from a network node, the machine learning (ML) configuration causing the UE to collect data in a structure being used for machine learning (ML) at the network node;collecting, by the user equipment (UE), machine learning (ML) data based at least on the machine learning (ML) configuration received from the network node, the machine learning (ML) data being collected from one or more layers of the user equipment (UE) in a coordinated manner; andtransmitting, by the user equipment (UE), the collected machine learning (ML) data to the network node.30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising:receiving, by the user equipment (UE), a UECapabilityEnquiry message from the network node; andtransmitting, by the user equipment (UE), a UECapabilityInformation message to the network node, the ...

DUAL CONNECTIVITY HANDOVER

The method includes determining a first type of a target network device for a first handover, the first type indicating whether a network device is a master network device or a secondary network device; transmitting a first message indicating the first type of the target network device for the first handover, so that the terminal device is disconnected with the first type of a source network device; and in response to the terminal device being connected with the first type of the target network device, a second message indicating that the first handover is completed, and the terminal device being connected with a second type of a target network device and disconnected with the second type of a source network device in a second handover, the second type being different from the first type and indicating whether a network device is a master network device or a secondary network device. 1. A method implemented at a network device , comprising:in response to receiving a request for a dual connectivity handover procedure of a terminal device, determining a first type of a target network device for a first handover of the dual connectivity handover procedure, the first type indicating whether a network device is a master network device or a secondary network device;transmitting, to a source master network device, a first message indicating the first type of the target network device for the terminal device to be connected with in the first handover, so that the terminal device is disconnected from the first type of a source network device; andin response to the terminal device being connected with the first type of the target network device, transmitting, to the source master network device, a second message indicating that the first handover is completed, to enable a second handover of the dual connectivity handover procedure to be performed, the terminal device being connected with a second type of a target network device and disconnected the second type of a source ...

BEAM TRACKING FOR REDUCED LATENCY

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for beam tracking to reduce latency. A method may include receiving from a network node, a radio resource control reconfiguration message. The method may also include sending a radio resource control reconfiguration complete message in response to the radio resource control reconfiguration message. The method may further include performing radio resource management measurements according to information contained in the radio resource control reconfiguration message. In addition, the method may include preparing a measurement report based on the radio resource management measurements. Further, the method may include sending the measurement report to the network node. The method may also include maintaining a spatial relation with a cell or a carrier that is identified in the measurement report, as indicated in the radio resource control reconfiguration message. 1. A method , comprising:receiving from a network node, a radio resource control reconfiguration message;sending a radio resource control reconfiguration complete message in response to the radio resource control reconfiguration message;performing radio resource management measurements according to information contained in the radio resource control reconfiguration message;preparing a measurement report based on the radio resource management measurements;sending the measurement report to the network node; andmaintaining a spatial relation with a reported cell or a carrier that is identified in the measurement report, as indicated in the radio resource control reconfiguration message.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the information in the radio resource control reconfiguration message identifies a carrier to measure claim 1 , and comprises an index that identifies which synchronization signal block that has been measured and reported claim 1 , and comprises a request to maintain tracking of the cell or the carrier.3. The method according ...

METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM RELATED TO SECONDARY CELL GROUP REACTIVATION IN MULTI-RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY-DUAL CONNECTIVITY

There is provided a method comprising, at a user equipment operating in connection with a first radio access technology network and a second radio access technology network, determining that communication using the second radio access technology is to be suspended and in response to the determining, suspending communication using the second radio access technology and storing a configuration relating to the second radio access technology such that communication using the second radio access technology can be reactivated via at least one of the first radio access technology network and the second radio access technology network. 1. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:operate using a dual connectivity with a master cell group (MCG) of a first network using a first radio access technology (RAT) and a secondary cell group (SCG) of a second network using a second RAT;receive, from the MCG, an indication to deactivate the SCG of the second network using the second RAT; anddeactivate the SCG of the second network using the second RAT while the apparatus is operated in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a communication between the apparatus and the SCG is suspended when the SCG has been deactivated.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the communication is a data transmission using the second RAT that includes a new radio (NR) access technology.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the indication includes at least conditions when the SCG is to be reactivated or measurement configuration.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus uses only one radio resource condition state.6. A method comprising:operating, by a user device, using a dual connectivity with a master cell group ( ...

REPORTING CSI-RS BASED RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASUREMENTS CONDITIONALLY TO CRS-BASED MEASUREMENTS

A method for enhancing discovery procedures in a dense ON/OFF switchable small-cells scenario, and comprising: a user device, UE, receiving a radio-resource-management-measurement-reporting configuration including a first and a second condition defined by a network node, such as an eNodeB; The first condition including a condition based on a channel-state-information-reference-signal, CSI-RS, measurement; The second condition comprising a condition based on a cell-specific-reference signal, CRS, measurement; The UE reporting, according to the radio-resource-management-measurement-reporting configuration, at least one radio-resource-management, RRM, measurement based on a channel-state-information reference signal, CSI-RS, only if both the first condition and the second condition are fulfilled. 153-. (canceled)54. A method , comprising:receiving or defining, by a user device, a radio-resource-management-measurement-reporting configuration comprising a first and a second condition;determining, by the user device, if the first condition has been fulfilled, wherein the first condition comprises a condition based on a channel-state-information-reference-signal measurement;determining if the second condition has been fulfilled, wherein the second condition comprises a condition based on a cell-specific-reference signal measurement; andreporting, according to the radio-resource-management-measurement-reporting configuration, at least one radio-resource-management measurement based on a channel-state-information reference signal, if both the first condition and the second condition are fulfilled.55. The method according to claim 54 , wherein the radio-resource-management-measurement-reporting configuration comprises a channel-state-information-reference-signal resource configuration.56. The method according to claim 54 , wherein the first condition and/or the second condition comprises at least one received signal power or received signal quality measurement.57. The method ...

Tumor specific oligosaccharide epitopes and use thereof

The present invention describes oligosaccharide sequences, which are specifically expressed by human tumors. The present invention is related to a method of determining an oligosaccharide sequence, which comprises a tumor specific terminal N-acetylglucosamine residue, in a biological sample, the presence of said sequence in said sample being an indication of the presence of cancer. The present invention provides antigenic substances comprising said oligosaccharide sequences in a polyvalent form and it further provides diagnostic agents, pharmaceutical compositions and cancer vaccines comprising said oligosaccharide sequences or substances binding to said oligosaccharide sequences. The present invention is also related to methods for the treatment of cancer.

User Equipment Configured Grant Activitation

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for user equipment are provided. A method may include determining to transmit, upon data arrival on a logical channel, the data on a configured grant for the logical channel. The method may also include transmitting, based on the determination, the data on the configured grant to activate a cell. In an example embodiment, the transmission on the configured grant may be performed regardless of a current activation status of the cell for which the configured grant is configured, or a suspend status of the configured grant. 1. A method , comprising:determining to transmit, upon arrival of data on a logical channel, the data on a configured grant for the logical channel; andtransmitting, based on the determination, the data on the configured grant to activate a cell,wherein the transmission on the configured grant is performed regardless of a current activation status of the cell for which the configured grant is configured, or a suspend status of the configured grant.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises switching the cell to one or more bandwidth parts configured with the configured grant when the cell is activated.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cell is in a deactivated state during the determination to transmit the data.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting a buffer status report to a network node to trigger activation of the cell.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cell enters an activation delay for a set amount of time prior to entering a fully active state with the configured grant.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission is performed according to one or more conditions.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the one or more conditions comprises that the logical channel is not immediately transmitted on any other cell claim 6 , or that a volume of the data exceeds a ...

EARLY MEASUREMENT REPORTING FOR CELL ACCESS

Various communication systems may benefit from improved secondary cell access. For example, faster secondary cell access may be help to improve the transition time of a user equipment from an idle or inactive state to a connected state. A method may include triggering new traffic at a user equipment, wherein the user equipment is in an idle state or an inactive state. The method may also include performing measurements at the user equipment to find another cell on a carrier after receiving new traffic. In addition, the method may include transmitting an early measurement report comprising the measurements from the user equipment to the network entity. The early measurement report is transmitted before the termination of a measurement period. 1. A method comprising:triggering new traffic at a user equipment, wherein the user equipment is in an idle state or an inactive state;performing measurements at the user equipment to find another cell on a carrier after the triggering of the new traffic; andtransmitting an early measurement report comprising the measurements from the user equipment to a network entity during or after a connection setup procedure.2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the another cell is at least one of a secondary cell claim 1 , a primary secondary cell claim 1 , a wireless local area network access point claim 1 , and a small cell.3. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the early measurement report is transmitted from the user equipment to the network entity before the user equipment receives any dedicated measurement configuration from the network entity.4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the early measurement report is transmitted before termination of a measurement period.5. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the early measurement report comprises results based on a shorter measurement period.6. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the early measurement report is an inter-frequency early measurement report or an inter-radio access technology ...

RRC RECONFIGURATIONS DURING CONDITIONAL HANDOVER

It is provided a method comprising monitoring if a source cell intends performing a radio reconfiguration of a terminal configured with a conditional handover from the source cell to a target cell; determining a determined category among plural predetermined categories; wherein the radio reconfiguration is associated to the determined category; for each category a respective predetermined sequence of one or more operations is defined; the respective predetermined of one of the categories is different from the respective predetermined sequence of another one of the categories; and the method further comprises inhibiting the performing of the radio reconfiguration of the terminal unless the predetermined sequence of one or more operations of the determined category is performed along with the performing of the radio reconfiguration if the source cell intends performing the radio reconfiguration of the terminal. 122.-. (canceled)23. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code being configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to:monitor if a source cell intends performing a radio reconfiguration of a terminal configured with a conditional handover from the source cell to a target cell;check if an indication of a predetermined sequence of one or more operations to be performed along with the performing of the radio reconfiguration of the terminal is received from the target cell; andinhibit the performing of the radio reconfiguration of the terminal unless the predetermined sequence of one or more operations is performed along with the performing of the radio reconfiguration if the indication is received from the target cell and if the radio reconfiguration of the terminal is intended.24. The apparatus according to claim 23 , wherein at least one of the predetermined sequences of one or more operations comprises at least one ofgetting ...

Method for evaluating cell populations

The invention describes specific sialylated structures present on human stem cells and cell populations derived thereof. The invention is especially directed to methods to control the status of stem cells by observing changes in sialylation of the cells; and control of potential contaminations of biological materials; and reagents and methods used in connection with the cells in order to avoid alterations of the cell glycosylation by contaminating materials. The invention is further directed to novel stem cells, the glycosylation of which has been specifically altered.

Glycoprotein

The invention relates to a composition comprising a glycoprotein comprising the Fc domain of an antibody, or a fragment thereof, comprising an Asn (asparagine) residue and an oligosaccharide structure attached thereto, wherein said oligosaccharide structure has a structure according to formula I; and wherein at least 20% of the oligosaccharide structures attached to glycoprotein in the composition consist of oligosaccharide structures according to formula (I).

Runway chat

In an implementation, a selection of a program is received by a computing device. The program is associated with a duration of time. In response to the selection, a plurality of messages is retrieved by the computing device. Each message is associated with a time during the duration of time. Playback of the selected program is caused by the computing device on a display associated with the computing device. One or more of the retrieved plurality of messages are presented on the display at the times associated with the messages during the duration of time associated with the program by the computing device.

Method For Triggering Freestanding Radio Resource Control Report

In accordance with the example embodiments there is at least a method and apparatus to determine a measurement configuration for a mobile communication device, wherein the measurement configuration is specific to the mobile communication device; associate a reporting configuration for the mobile communication device; and send the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration to the mobile communication device to trigger the measurement and the reporting at the mobile communication device. Further, in accordance with the example embodiments there is at least a method and apparatus to receive a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration from a network node; and trigger a measurement and a measurement report based on the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration from the network. 1. A method comprising:determining, by a network node, a measurement configuration for a mobile communication device, wherein the measurement configuration is specific to the mobile communication device;associating, by the network node, a reporting configuration for the mobile communication device; andsending the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration to the mobile communication device to trigger the measurement and the reporting at the mobile communication device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reporting configuration comprises a packet data convergence protocol measurement configuration.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sending is using a radio resource control measurement reporting object that specifies criteria for periodically triggering the packet data convergence protocol measurement at the mobile communication device.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the packet data convergence protocol measurement configuration comprises an uplink packet data convergence protocol packet delay measurement claim 2 , and wherein based on the uplink packet data convergence protocol packet delay measurement the mobile communication ...

3D printed sleeve

The invention relates to a manufacturing process of equipment for use in the production of nonwoven fabrics and paper products. According to the present invention, a sleeve for an embossing roller is produced using additive manufacturing, specifically 3D printing. These technologies permit the preparation of pattern-forming and dewatering details in the sleeve in a single operation. The dewatering properties may thus be optimised for the selected pattern, resulting in uniform dewatering tailored for the pattern. Preferably, the technique used is stereolithography.

SIGNALING FOR MULTIPLE RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY DUAL CONNECTIVITY IN WIRELESS NETWORK

A technique includes establishing, by a user device, a first connection with a first base station that is associated with a first radio access technology; sending, to the first base station, user device capability information including at least information indicating a first stand-alone peak data rate supported by the user device for the first radio access technology and information indicating a second stand-alone peak data rate supported by the user device for a second radio access technology; establishing a second connection between the user device and a second base station as part of a multi-radio access technology dual connectivity session with the user device; and receiving, by the user device from the second base station, resources for the second connection in accordance with a configured peak data rate for the second connection that is less than a stand-alone peak data rate for the second radio access technology. 1. A method comprising:establishing, by a first base station, a first connection with a user device, the first base station associated with a first radio access technology;receiving, by the first base station from the user device, user device capability information including at least information indicating a first stand-alone peak data rate supported by the user device for the first radio access technology and information indicating a second stand-alone peak data rate supported by the user device for a second radio access technology;determining, based on the user device capability information, a first multi-radio access technology dual connectivity configuration for a first connection between first base station and the user device, including a configured number of first radio access technology carriers to be used for the first connection;sending, by the first base station to a second base station, a multi-radio access technology dual connectivity setup request, including at least a portion of the user device capability information and the configured ...

Flexible Measurements in Unlicensed Band

The specification and drawings present a new method, apparatus and software related product (e.g., a computer readable memory) for implementing enhanced and flexible radio aperiodic measurements, e.g., on an unlicensed band in LTE wireless systems and providing effective and timely reporting. A UE may receive from a wireless network an aperiodic measurement request to measure a special measurement object (e.g., a neighbor cell) specified in the aperiodic measurement request, e.g., in an unlicensed band. In response to the aperiodic measurement request, the UE may perform the measurement of the special management object until a further instruction from the wireless network or for a determined period of time. Inter-frequency measurements may be performed during the measurement gap determined from the aperiodic measurement request. 1. A method comprising:receiving by a user equipment from a wireless network an aperiodic measurement request to measure a special measurement object specified in the aperiodic measurement request; andmeasuring the special management object in response to the aperiodic measurement request until a further instruction from the wireless network or for a determined period of time.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aperiodic measurement request is to measure the special measurement object in an unlicensed band.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein before the measuring claim 1 , the method comprising:configuring one or more measuring time intervals based on the aperiodic measurement request, the one or more measuring time intervals defining the determined period of time.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein each of the one or more measuring time intervals comprises a measurement gap for inter-frequency measurements claim 3 , so that the measuring is being performed during the measurement gap.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aperiodic measurement request comprises information about a measurement gap which includes one or more of:whether the ...

SIGNALING FOR TARGET-INITIATED CONDITIONAL HANDOVER MODIFICATION VIA CANCELLATION

A method may include receiving a request for conditional handover from a source node. The method may also include sending a conditional handover request acknowledgment message in response to the request. The method may further include sending a conditional handover cancellation message to a source node. The conditional cancellation message may include a genuine cancellation or a modification-related cancellation. Further, the method may include receiving a response message from the source node in response to the conditional handover cancellation message. In addition, the method may include deciding to keep or release user equipment context based on the response message. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a source node, a conditional handover cancellation message from a target node, wherein the conditional handover cancellation message comprises an indication indicating modification-related cancellation for a user equipment, and wherein the indication comprises a cause value or an information element.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining, by the source node, whether or not to send a conditional handover request to the target node for providing an updated conditional handover command.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the indication comprises at least one reason for the modification-related cancellation.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one reason comprises at least one of: one or more bearers cannot be supported claim 3 , one or more packet data unit sessions cannot be supported claim 3 , one or more new bearers previously rejected can be now supported claim 3 , one or more packet data unit sessions previously rejected can be now support claim 3 , and contention-free random access information change.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:sending a reconfiguration message to the user equipment, and wherein the reconfiguration message comprises an indicator indicating release of conditional handover command and/or ...

Reporting of RRC Mismatch Occurrences

A method is provided including determining, at a user equipment, whether a control state mismatch occurred between the user equipment and a wireless network, the control state mismatch corresponding to an occasion where the user equipment is operating in a different control state than is expected by the wireless network; generating, at the user equipment, a report comprising information related to at least one occurrence of a control state mismatch; and transmitting, from the user equipment, the report to the wireless network. 1. A method comprising:determining, at a user equipment, whether a control state mismatch occurred between the user equipment and a wireless network, the control state mismatch corresponding to an occasion where the user equipment is operating in a different control state than is expected by the wireless network;generating, at the user equipment, a report comprising information related to at least one occurrence of a control state mismatch; andtransmitting, from the user equipment, the report to the wireless network.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the user equipment generates the report based on an indication from the wireless network claim 1 , and wherein the indication is received via at least one of: a broadcast signal and a dedicated signal.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising: prior to transmitting the report claim 1 , transmitting an indication about existence of the report to the wireless network; and wherein transmitting the report comprises at least one of:transmitting the report in response to receiving a request from the network;transmitting the report in an existing message, wherein the existing message is modified to include the report;transmitting the report via a dedicated message for the report.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether a control state mismatch occurred between the user equipment and a wireless network is based on a timer.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the user equipment generates the report ...

SECURITY PROCEDURE

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to establish information to be provided to a base station device, before activation of a first encryption scheme, cause transmission of the information, in a form encrypted using a second encryption scheme, to the base station device, and begin, after causing the transmission of the information, using the first encryption scheme in communication between the apparatus and the base station device 1. An apparatus comprising:at least one processing core,at least one memory including computer program code,the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, receive information, in encrypted form using a second encryption scheme, from a user equipment, in the apparatus, before activation of a first encryption scheme;', 'obtain an unencrypted form of the information, and', 'use the unencrypted form of the information to provide service to the user equipment before or after the first encryption scheme is activated., 'with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to'}2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to process a triggering of the activation of the first encryption scheme during a connection establishment procedure.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to obtain the unencrypted form of the information via a core network.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to obtain the unencrypted form of the information at least partly by requesting an unencryption key from a core network.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first encryption scheme comprises an access stratum AS ...

CONDITIONAL HANDOVER OF MASTER NODE IN THE PRESENCE OF SECONDARY NODE

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for conditional handovers. In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method including sending, by a first node serving a user equipment, a message to a second node, the message including an indication of whether a conditional cell change is prohibited at the second node; and receiving, by the first node, an acknowledgment in response to the message. 1. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; and send, by the apparatus serving a user equipment, a message to a node, the message including an indication of whether a conditional cell change is prohibited at the node; and', 'receive, by the apparatus and in response to the message being sent, an acknowledgment., 'at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to become a master node claim 1 , and/or wherein the node is configured to become a secondary node in order to serve the user equipment in dual connectivity.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises claim 1 , or is comprised in claim 1 , a master node claim 1 , and the node comprises claim 1 , or is comprised in claim 1 , a secondary node claim 1 , and/or wherein the master node and the secondary node both serve the user equipment in dual connectivity.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the message comprises a request message claim 1 , a modification message claim 1 , a secondary node addition request claim 1 , and/or a secondary node modification request.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the message is sent during a conditional handover process between the master node and a target master node claim 4 , and/or wherein the apparatus comprises claim 4 , or is comprised in claim 4 , the target master node claim 4 , and the node comprises claim 4 , or is ...

UE LIMITATIONS FOR DUPLICATION

In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method. The method may include generating, by a user equipment, capability information including an indication of the user equipment being able to be configured with additional radio link control entities that are not accounted for fully or partially towards a limit for the user equipment's capability for data radio bearers or for radio link control entities; and sending, by the user equipment, the capability information including the indication to a base station. 1. A method comprising:generating, by a user equipment, capability information including an indication of the user equipment being able to be configured with additional radio link control entities that are not accounted for fully or partially towards a limit for the user equipment's capability for data radio bearers or for radio link control entities; andsending, by the user equipment, the capability information including the indication to a base station.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additional radio link control entities are for packet duplication and/or a handover.3. The method of further comprising:receiving, by the user equipment, a configuration for an additional quantity of radio link control entities exceeding the limit.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the indication includes information that radio link control entities are not counted claim 3 , or are partially counted claim 3 , towards the limit claim 3 , when the radio link control entities are in a deactivated state or have not been scheduled for transmission.5. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; and ["generate capability information including an indication of the apparatus being able to be configured with additional radio link control entities that are not accounted for fully or partially towards a limit for the apparatus's capability for data radio bearers or for radio link control entities; and", 'send the capability information including the indication to a base ...

Method and apparatus for processing display laminate

An apparatus for processing display laminate, wherein the display laminate includes a front electrode layer, a display material layer and a protective film layer. The display laminate is continuous. A section of protective film layer is continuously removed from the edge of the display laminate by a cutting unit while the display laminate is running through the cutting unit. After removing the section of the protective film layer, a section of the display material layer located at the same edge as the removed section of the protecting film layer is continuously removed by spraying medium in a spraying unit while the display laminate is running through the spraying unit

Network Congestion Control Via Paging Procedures

For a UE in idle mode and camped on a current cell, in response to receiving a paging message indicating the UE should perform a process to select a cell for camping on for idle mode, the following are performed: performing the process to select one of a plurality of cells for camping on for idle mode; and performing operations to camp on the selected cell. The following are performed as part of a continuous load-balancing process for idle-mode load balancing for a cell: determining whether the cell is congested for UEs camping on the cell while in idle mode; and in response to a determination the cell is congested, sending a paging message to idle-mode UE(s) camped on the cell, wherein the paging message is configured to cause the idle-mode UE(s) to start a process to select a cell for camping on for idle mode. 1. A method , comprising:performing at least the following as part of a continuous load-balancing process for idle-mode load balancing for a cell:determining whether the cell is congested for user equipment camping on the cell while in idle mode; andin response to a determination the cell is congested, sending a paging message to one or more idle-mode user equipment camped on the cell, wherein the paging message is configured to cause the one or more idle-mode user equipment to modify cell or carrier selection priorities and is configured to cause the one or more idle-mode user equipment to modify at least one of the cell or carrier selection priorities and camp on a cell according to the modification.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paging message is configured to contain a trigger configured to cause the user equipment to activate previously acquired dedicated priorities.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paging message is configured to contain a probability which is to be used by the user equipment to consider whether to trigger a randomization process for selecting a cell for camping on for idle mode.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

INTER-RAT CONFIGURATION COORDINATION

An apparatus and method comprising: determining by a first network node of a user equipment that a user equipment is to be dual connected to the first network node and a second network node; identify at least one radio configuration supported by the first network node from communication capability information of the user equipment; sending information to the second network node, the information comprising the capability information and the at least one radio configuration supported by the first network node; and in response to the sending, receiving from the second network node an indication of a chosen at least one radio configuration of the at least one supported radio configuration for use in the dual connection. 120.-. (canceled)22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the first network node comprises a long term evolution base station claim 21 , and wherein the second network node comprises a next generation radio technology base station.23. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the determining that the user equipment is to be dual connected is based on a measurement report from the user equipment.24. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the identifying is based on at least one of channel power control status information claim 21 , quality indicator information and throughput expectations of at least one of the first network node claim 21 , the second network node claim 21 , and the user equipment.25. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the sent information comprises an indication of identifiers of the at least one supported radio configuration within the capability information.26. An apparatus claim 21 , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code, where the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to at least:receive with a second network node from a first network node of a communication network information comprising capability ...

Determining Measurement Gap Patterns

Determining measurement gap patterns A terminal device acquires (), from a network node, a message indicating a discovery reference signal DRS measurement timing configuration for the terminal device for measuring discovery reference signals, and at least one measurement gap pattern MGP. The terminal device determines (206) an effective measurement gap pattern EMGP based on the at least one measurement gap pattern MGP and the DRS measurement timing configuration. (FIG. ) 119-. (canceled)20. A method comprising: acquiring , in a terminal device of a cellular communication system , a control message from a network node , the control message comprising at least one information element indicating at least one discovery reference signal (DRS) measurement timing configuration for the terminal device for measuring discovery reference signals and at least one measurement gap pattern; determining , in the terminal device , an effective measurement gap pattern based on the at least one measurement gap pattern and the at least one DRS measurement timing configuration.21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising in the terminal device:determining whether there are measurement gaps that are not used for DRS measurements or other measurements, and, if there are, using those measurement gaps for one or more of PDCCH monitoring, PUCCH transmission, PUSCH transmission, and PDSCH reception.22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising in the terminal device: at time instances defined in the effective measurement gap pattern claim 20 , performing at least one of intra- and inter-frequency measurements.23. The method of claim 20 , comprising in the terminal device: determining carrier-specific effective measurement gap patterns based on the measurement gaps and the DRS measurement timing configuration such that only those measurement gaps that coincide with the DRS measurement timing configuration of the carrier are included into the carrier-specific effective measurement gap ...

Glycoprotein-toxic payload conjugates

The invention relates to a glycoprotein-toxic payload molecule conjugate, a toxic payload molecule-glycan conjugate, and a pharmaceutical composition. The invention further relates to a method for preparing the glycoprotein-toxic payload molecule conjugate, the method for modulating growth of a cell population and a method of treating tumour cells.

Separation of luminescent nanomaterials

The invention relates to analysis of photon upconversion luminescent inorganic lanthanide-doped nanomaterials and/or separation and/or purification of them from other materials such as biomolecules and/or chemicals used e.g. for bioconjugation in preparation of reagents based on upconverting lanthanide nanoparticles for bioanalytical assays. The invention utilizes a high gradient magnetic separator (HGMS) and it can be applied from large submicron materials to small nanoparticles just nanometers or tens of nanometers in diameter. It is also scalable from small analytical scale to preparative scale.

METHODS, DEVICES AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATION MEASUREMENT

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method, device and computer readable medium for new radio management measurement. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the network device may transmit collocation information of component carriers to the terminal device. The terminal device may perform communication measurements based on the collocation information. In this way, the measurement effort and burden of the terminal device may be reduced while flexibility of the network deployment is stilled maintained. 1. A communication method , comprising:determining a first direction of beams associated with at least one component carrier;determining collocation information of the at least one component carrier based on the first direction, the collocation information indicating whether the at least one component carrier being collocated; andtransmitting, to a terminal device, the collocation information or information of the first direction of beams associated the at least one component carrier.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the collocation information of the at least one component carrier comprises:comparing the first direction of beams associated with the at least one component carrier with a second direction of beams associated with a primary component carrier; anddetermining the collocation information of the at least one component carrier based on the comparison.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein transmitting the collocation information of the at least one component carrier comprises:in response to a similarity value between the first direction and the second direction exceeding a threshold value and the at least one component carrier being collocated with the primary carrier, determining the at least one component carrier having a same beam direction with the primary component carrier; andtransmitting, to the terminal device, the collocation information indicating at least one component carrier being collocated with the primary component ...

REDUCTION OF IN-DEVICE COEXISTENCE INTERFERENCE

There are provided measures for reduction of in-device co-existence interference. Such measures exemplarily comprise (in a mobile network scenario allowing co-operation of a first radio access technology with a second radio access technology) detecting a need to avoid an in-device co-existence interference in relation to said co-operation, and performing at least one action for avoiding the in-device co-existence interference. 139-. (canceled)40. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor,at least one memory including computer program code, andat least one interface configured for communication with at least another apparatus,wherein the at least one processor, with the at least one memory and the computer program code, are configured to cause the apparatus to:detect a need to avoid an in-device co-existence interference in relation to a co-operation of a first radio access technology with a second radio access technology, andperform at least one action for avoiding the in-device co-existence interference.41. The apparatus according to claim 40 , wherein the at least one action comprises:transmitting information indicative of said need to avoid said in-device coexistence interference.42. The apparatus according to claim 41 , wherein said information comprises an indication of a channel of said first radio access technology and/or a channel of said second radio access technology which is causing said in-device coexistence interference or is expected to cause said in-device coexistence interference.43. The apparatus according to claim 41 , wherein a request to deconfigure said co-operation of said first radio access technology with said second radio access technology,', 'a request to deactivate said co-operation of said first radio access technology with said second radio access technology, and', 'a request to suspend said co-operation of said first radio access technology with said second radio access technology., 'said information comprises at least one of44. ...

Improvement of Coverage Hole Analysis

There are provided measures for improvement of coverage hole analysis. Such measures exemplarily include detecting a radio link failure, producing a failure report including information indicative of a radio condition during a time period between said radio link failure and a successful establishment of a radio link, detecting said successful establishment of said radio link, and transmitting, after detection of said successful establishment of said radio link, said failure report. 1. A method , comprisingdetecting a radio link failure,producing a failure report including information indicative of a radio condition during a time period between said radio link failure and a successful establishment of a radio link,detecting said successful establishment of said radio link, and transmitting, after detection of said successful establishment of said radio link, said failure report.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinin relation to said producing, said method further comprises generating, upon detection of said radio link failure, a radio link failure report as said failure report including downlink availability information,monitoring availability of a downlink during the time period between said radio link failure and said successful establishment of said radio link, andupdating, upon change in said availability of said downlink, said downlink availability information of said radio link failure report.3. The method according to claim 2 , whereinsaid downlink availability information is indicative of at least one of that said downlink was always available, that said downlink disappeared, and that said availability of said downlink was undetermined.4. The method according to claim 2 , whereinin relation to said detecting, said method further comprisesidentifying a cause of said radio link failure, andin relation to said generating, the method further comprises setting said downlink availability information to indicate that said downlink was always available, if ...

REDUCING HANDOVER INTERRUPTION WITH TWO TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS

A technique of performing a HO includes the source BS sending a HO resume message to the UE at the conclusion of a RACH access procedure that occurs in response to a HO command while a second TRX of the UE continues to exchange data packets with the source BS as if no HO command were issued. By continuing to exchange data with the source BS as if there were no HO command until the HO resume message reintroduces a RACH-less HO procedure, the interruption may be reduced to about 4 msec. At any point in time the UE handles only one protocol stack and only one security, which avoids the complexity of the advanced prior art methods. 136-. (canceled)37. A method , comprising:receiving, by a user equipment having a first transceiver and a second transceiver, a handover command from a source base station;after receiving the handover command, performing, by the user equipment, a random access channel access operation in which configuration information is shared between the user equipment and a target base station using the second transceiver, the random access channel access operation being performed while the user equipment exchanges data packets with the source base station using the first transceiver; andafter completing the performing of the random access channel access operation, receiving, by the user equipment, a handover resume message from the source base station.38. The method as in claim 37 , further comprising:after receiving the handover resume message, performing a random access channel-less handover operation to complete a handover to the target base station.39. The method as in claim 37 , wherein the handover command comprises an indication of random access channel-less handover with two transceivers.40. An apparatus claim 37 , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code; receive a handover command from a source base station;', 'after reception of the handover command, perform a random access channel access ...

APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR INDICATION OF FULL CONFIGURATION IN HANDOVER SIGNALING

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for the indication of full configuration in handover signaling are provided. For example, an indication of “full configuration” and/or “no full configuration” may be included in handover signaling over X2 and/or S1 interface to a source eNB. 1. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code , the at least one memory and the computer program code configured , with the at least one processor , to cause the apparatus at least to:receive a handover request acknowledgement message or a handover command message;determine whether the received message includes an indication of whether full configuration is used by a target base station for a user equipment associated with the handover;if the received message includes the indication, determine whether the indication indicates that full configuration is used; andif the indication indicates that full configuration is used, discard data destined for the user equipment; otherwise if the indication indicates that full configuration is not used, forward the data towards the target base station.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein if the received message is determined not to include the indication claim 1 , discard data destined for the user equipment.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the data comprises at least one of a packet data convergence protocol service data unit comprising a packet data convergence protocol sequence number and a sequence number status transfer.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the received message comprises the indication of whether full configuration is used in a container non-transparent to the apparatus.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the received message comprises a second indication of whether full configuration is used in a container transparent to the apparatus.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the container is transparent to a mobility management entity from which ...

BWP HANDLING IN IDLE MODE AND INACTIVE MODE

It is provided a method, comprising monitoring if an information on a limitation of a network bandwidth part is received from a cell; basing a decision on the information on the limitation and a capability of a terminal to support a terminal bandwidth part if the information on the limitation is received, wherein the decision is about at least one of whether or not the terminal camps on the cell and whether or not the terminal reselects the cell; instructing the terminal on the at least one of the camping on the cell and the reselecting the cell based on the decision. 1. An apparatus , comprising at least one processor , at least one memory including computer program code , and the at least one processor , with the at least one memory and the computer program code , being arranged to cause the apparatus to at least:receive from a base station, information on a limitation of one or more bandwidth parts supported in a cell of the base station; andinhibit accessing to the cell based on the limitation of the one or more bandwidth parts supported in the cell and a limitation of one or more bandwidth parts supported by the apparatus, wherein each bandwidth part is subcarrier spacing specific.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor claim 1 , with the at least one memory and the computer program code claim 1 , being arranged to cause the apparatus to:monitor if the information on the limitation of the one or more bandwidth parts supported in the cell is received on a broadcast channel, or in a dedicated signaling to the apparatus.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor claim 1 , with the at least one memory and the computer program code claim 1 , being arranged to cause the apparatus to:inhibit the apparatus to camp on the cell if the limitation of the one or more bandwidth parts supported in the cell does not match the limitation of the one or more bandwidth parts supported by the apparatus.4. The ...

MULTILAYER STRUCTURE AND RELATED METHOD OF MANUFACTURE FOR ELECTRONICS

An integrated multilayer structure, includes a substrate film having a first side and an opposite second side. The substrate film includes electrically substantially insulating material, a circuit design including a number of electrically conductive areas of electrically conductive material on the first and/or second sides of the substrate film, and a connector including a number of electrically conductive contact elements. The connector is provided to the substrate film so that it extends to both the first and second sides of the substrate film and the number of electrically conductive contact elements connect to one or more of the conductive areas of the circuit design while being further configured to electrically couple to an external connecting element responsive to mating the external connecting element with the connector on the first or second side of or adjacent to the substrate film. 1. An integrated multilayer structure , comprising:a substrate film having a first side and an opposite second side, said substrate film comprising electrically substantially insulating material,a circuit design comprising a number of electrically conductive areas of electrically conductive material, optionally defining contact pads and/or elongated conductor traces, preferably printed by printed electronics technology, on said first and/or second sides of the substrate film,a connector comprising a number of electrically conductive, optionally elongated, contact elements, said connector being provided to the substrate film so that it extends to both said first and second sides of said substrate film and said number of electrically conductive contact elements connect to one or more of the conductive areas of the circuit design while being further configured to electrically couple to an external connecting element responsive to mating the external connecting element with the connector on said first or second side of or adjacent to the substrate film, andat least one plastic ...

Embedded computing device

An apparatus and a method is provided that comprises at least one first processing unit configured to run at least one first computer program application capable of receiving and processing signals received from at least one interface or device connected to said first processing unit, at least one second processing unit configured to run at least a second computer program application capable of further processing at least some information processed in said first processing unit. According to the invention the first and second processing unit are interfaced with a shared information space, whereby a first application running in the first processing unit is configured to enable said first processing unit to write data to said information space, and a second application running in the second processing unit is configured to receive a notification about said data being written to said shared information space, and to enable said second processing unit to retrieve from said information space said data written by said first processing unit for further processing. 1. An apparatus comprising:at least one first processing unit configured to run at least one first computer program application capable of receiving and processing signals received from at least one interface or device connected to said first processing unit;at least one second processing unit configured to run at least a second computer program application capable of further processing at least some information processed in said first processing unit;said first and second processing units being interfaced with a shared information space,whereby a first application running in the first processing unit is configured to enable said first processing unit to write data to said information space, anda second application running in the second processing unit is configured to receive a notification about said data being written to said shared information space, and to enable said second processing unit to retrieve from ...

USER EQUIPMENT CARRIER ACTIVATION

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method includes: measuring at least one characteristic of a secondary component carrier to obtain a measurement result, where measuring is performed by an apparatus while the apparatus is in communication with a network via a primary component carrier with a network access node; and in response to the measurement result of the at least one characteristic being below a threshold, and further in response to receiving from the network access node an activation command for the secondary component carrier, considering the secondary component carrier as being undetectable. 1. A method comprising:detecting an occurrence of a particular type of measurement event for a secondary component carrier that is used for communication with a second network access node, where detecting is performed by an apparatus while the apparatus is in communication with a first network access node via a primary component carrier;in response to detection of the particular type of measurement event, generating a measurement report for the secondary component carrier; andsending the measurement report from the apparatus to the first network access node.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the primary component carrier and the secondary component carrier are suitable for use by the apparatus in conjunction with carrier aggregation.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particular type of measurement event comprises at least one of event A1 ‘Serving becomes better than threshold’ claim 1 , event A2 ‘Serving becomes worse than threshold’ and event A4 ‘neighbour becomes better than threshold’.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising: in response to the particular type of measurement event comprising event A4 ‘neighbour becomes better than threshold’ claim 1 , the network access node having previously attempted to activate the secondary component carrier and apparatus requirements being according to a de-activated ...

Measurement for Fast Cell Access

The example embodiments of the invention provide at least a method and apparatus to measure, by a user equipment, a communication quality with at least one measured cell of a communication node while the user equipment is in an idle or inactive state; upon the user equipment transitioning to a connected state, determine by the user equipment that the communication quality with the at least one measured cell is larger than a threshold; and transmit information comprising a measurement report from the user equipment to a network equipment that the at least one measured cell meets the threshold for the network equipment to signal the user equipment to configure communication with the at least one measured cell without further measurements from the user equipment. Further, a method and apparatus to receive by a network equipment information comprising a measurement report from a user equipment which is waking from an idle or inactive state and seeking access to a serving cell communication, wherein the measurement report comprises an identification of a cell which met a communication quality threshold with the user equipment while the user equipment was in the idle or inactive state; compare the measurement report received by the network equipment from the user equipment to a predetermined threshold value, wherein based on the comparing the network equipment is caused to configure communication with the cell without further measurements from the user equipment, wherein based on the comparing the network equipment is caused to configure communication with the cell without further measurements from the user equipment; and send a signal from the network equipment to the user equipment with instructions for the user equipment to configure communication with the cell without further measurements from the user equipment. 1. (canceled)2. A method comprising:measuring, by a user equipment, a communication quality with at least one measured cell of a communication node while the ...

A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING CONGESTION MITIGATION AND BARRING

A method and apparatus may be configured to receive at least one set of barring parameters from a network entity. Each set corresponds to a barring check and has a unique implicit or explicit priority. Each set of received barring parameters also corresponds to at least one application that is allowed to bypass the barring check associated with the corresponding and lower priority sets of barring parameters. An application belonging to one of the application groups corresponding to a set of barring parameters needs to pass all the barring checks according to the higher priority barring parameters to access the network. The method can also include determining whether an application bypasses the barring check associated with the corresponding and lower priority sets of barring parameters. 122-. (canceled)23. A method , comprising:receiving, by a user equipment, a plurality of barring parameter sets from an entity of a network, wherein each set defines a barring check and has a unique implicit or explicit priority; anddetermining whether an application belonging to an application group is allowed to access the network based on the priorities of the sets of barring parameters and a priority of the application group.24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein for accessing the network:the application is allowed to bypass the barring check of each set having a corresponding or lower priority than the priority of the application group, andthe application needs to pass all the barring checks of each set having a higher priority than the priority of the application group.25. The method according to claim 23 , wherein:the receiving comprises receiving a first and second set of barring parameters from the entity of the network, wherein the first and second set of barring parameters correspond to a first and second barring checks, applied in order, the first set of barring parameters allows at least one first application to bypass the first and second barring checks, the ...

METHODS, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR LIMITING MAXIMUM TRANSMIT POWER OF DEVICES

In a method for limiting the maximum transmit power of devices operating in a wireless network, each device supporting one of plural sets of transmit power reduction capabilities, a first message comprising a value of a first parameter associated with a first set of capabilities and a value of a second parameter associated with a second set of capabilities, wherein the second set comprises more capabilities than the first set, is transmitted (). A signal associated with a device's reception of the first message is received Initiate non-access-related Initiate non-access-related (). A capability enquiry is transmitted to the device (). Capability information comprising an indication of whether the device supports the value of the second parameter is received (). A second message comprising a value of the Transmit capability information Transmit capability information first parameter associated with the second set of capabilities is transmitted upon receiving an indication that the device supports the value of the second parameter (). 1. A method for limiting the maximum transmit power of devices operating in a wireless network , each device supporting one of plural sets of transmit power reduction capabilities , the method comprising:transmitting a first message comprising a value of a first parameter associated with a first set of capabilities and a value of a second parameter associated with a second set of capabilities, wherein the second set comprises more capabilities than the first set;receiving a signal associated with a device's reception of the first message;transmitting a capability enquiry to the device;receiving capability information comprising an indication of whether the device supports the value of the second parameter; andtransmitting a second message comprising a value of the first parameter associated with the second set of capabilities upon receiving an indication that the device supports the value of the second parameter.2. A method according to ...

CAPABILITY SIGNALING FOR DUAL CONNECTIVITY

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for user equipment (UE) capability signaling for dual connectivity (DC) are provided. One method may include transmitting to at least one UE, by a network node, a message comprising a flag indicating that the apparatus supports dual connectivity and/or wants to receive UE capability indications of DC support. The method further includes, based on the presence of the flag, receiving, from the at least one UE, the dual connectivity capabilities of the at least one UE. 1. A method , comprising:transmitting to at least one user equipment, by a network node, a message comprising a flag indicating that the network supports dual connectivity and/or indicating that the network would like to receive user equipment capability indications of dual connectivity (DC) support; andbased on the presence of the flag, receiving, from the at least one user equipment, the dual connectivity capabilities of the at least one user equipment.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the receiving further comprises receiving a capability indication of split/secondary cell group (SCG) bearer support allowing the network node to know whether the at least one user equipment supports dual connectivity in any band.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitting further comprises transmitting the message comprising a request for frequency bands used for dual connectivity by the network node.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , when the message comprises the requested band lists claim 3 , the method further comprises receiving dual connectivity capabilities of the at least one user equipment for the requested frequency bands.5. An apparatus claim 3 , comprising:transmitting means for transmitting to at least one user equipment, by a network node, a message comprising a flag indicating that the network supports dual connectivity and/or indicating that the network would like to receive user equipment ...

Cell Reselection Control Mechanism in Multi-Connectivity Communication Mode

An apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to prepare configuration information regarding cell reselection in a communication network for at least one communication element capable of communicating in a multi-connectivity communication mode, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one preservation scope indication related to at least one cell reselection priority indication which indicates that priority is to be assigned to a first type of cells of the communication network for cell reselection, compared to other types of cells of the communication network, wherein the at least one preservation scope indication indicates at least one cell across which the at least one cell reselection priority indication is to be maintained, and to provide the configuration information for configuring the at least one communication element capable of communicating in the multi-connectivity communication mode. 154-. (canceled)55. An apparatus comprisinga processor; anda non-transitory memory including computer program code, where the memory and computer program code are configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus,to prepare configuration information regarding cell reselection in a communication network for at least one communication element capable of communicating in a multi-connectivity communication mode, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one preservation scope indication related to at least one cell reselection priority indication which indicates that priority is to be assigned to a first type of cells of the communication network for cell reselection, compared to other types of cells of the communication network, wherein the at least one preservation scope indication indicates ...

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR ENHANCING THE SETUP OF CARRIER AGGREGATION, DUAL CONNECTIVITY, MULTI CONNECTIVITY, LICENSE ASSISTED ACCESS, OR LTE-WLAN IN COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for enhancing the setup of carrier aggregation (or dual connectivity or multi connectivity or stand-alone LTE/LTE-like on unlicensed band or LAA or LTE-WLAN aggregation) from IDLE mode (or semi-idle or semi-connected or suspended state) are provided. One method includes providing an indication, to at least one UE, of (or configuring the UE with) potential inter-frequency carriers that the UE should measure during IDLE mode (or during semi-idle or semi-connected or suspended state) for potential SCells. The method may further include during or after RRC connection establishment, receiving an indication from the at least one UE that it has inter-frequency carrier(s) and/or SCell measurement results available, and based on the received measurement results, configuring carrier aggregation (or dual connectivity or multi connectivity or LAA or LTE-WLAN aggregation) without further measurements and activating the SCell. 1. An apparatus , comprising:at least one data processor; andat least one memory including computer program code, where the at least one memory and computer program code are configured, with the at least one data processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:transmit, by the apparatus, a carrier aggregation profile to at least one user equipment wherein the profile comprises an indication of at least one of inter-frequency carrier and secondary cell that the user equipment is to measure during an idle mode;receive, from the at least one user equipment, an indication that it has measurement results available for at least one of inter-frequency carrier and secondary cell in the profile; andconfigure, for the at least one user equipment, carrier aggregation based on the received measurement results without further measurement configuration after connection establishment.2. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the carrier aggregation profile is transmitted in a connection setup message.3. The ...

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR FOR INTERWORKING RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

A radio access node such as a master eNB determines that a UE can support operation on a given radio band combination comprising a first radio band operating with a first RAT such as E-UTRA and a second radio band operating with a second RAT such as 5G. The node uses a performance capability of the UE to obtain at least a second configuration for the second radio band operating with the second RAT, then configures the UE with the interworking configuration that comprising a first configuration to operate on the first band with the first RAT and a second configuration to operate on the second band with the second RAT. The node may determines that the UE can support such operation from a UE message identifying the band combination and carrying an indicator of the performance capability of the UE on at least the second RAT. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method comprising:determining that a user equipment (UE) can support operation on a given radio band combination comprising a first radio band operating with a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second radio band operating with a second RAT;using a performance capability of the UE to obtain at least a second configuration for the second radio band operating with the second RAT; andconfiguring the UE with an interworking configuration, the interworking configuration comprising a first configuration to operate on the first band with the first RAT and the second configuration to operate on the second band with the second RAT.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the first RAT is evolved universal mobile telecommunications service terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) radio access technology and the second RAT is third generation partnership project (3GPP) new radio (NR) or 5generation (5G) radio access technology.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein:the method is performed by a master radio access node operating with the first RAT,the master radio access node provides the first configuration to a secondary ...

Elevator car accessory fastening element

The accessory fastening element is used to fasten accessories to a car wall comprising a grid structure with vertical and horizontal support rods. The accessory fastening element comprises a longitudinal frame extending over at least two adjacent horizontal support rods. The frame comprises at least two recesses for detachably coupling the accessory fastening element to the horizontal support rods. A locking device is connected to the frame for locking and unlocking the accessory fastening element to the horizontal support rods. An attachment member is connected to the frame, whereby an accessory may be attached with fastening means to the attachment member.

Sensor System for Measuring Physiological Activity

A measurement system includes one or more sensor devices that measure physiological measurement data; an apparatus including a portable electronic device and/or server computer that performs operations including receiving the physiological measurement data from the sensor device; associating the physiological measurement data with a user account of the user; determining whether the received physiological measurement data includes physiological measurement data required by an algorithm; as a response to determining that the received physiological measurement data includes physiological measurement data required by the algorithm, performing the algorithm; and as a response to determining that the received physiological measurement data includes the physiological measurement data required by the algorithm included in a coaching category that is in an inactive state, changing the coaching category to an active state.

TREATMENT OF HAND ECZEMA

The present invention relates to the treatment of hand eczema. The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a new pharmaceutical use of 3-[(3S,4R)-3-methyl-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-1-yl]-3-oxopropanenitrile. A therapeutic or preventive agent for hand eczema, containing 3-[(3S,4R)-3-methyl-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-1-yl]-3-oxopropanenitrile as an active ingredient. 112-. (canceled)14. The method according to wherein the administration is topical.15. The method according to wherein the compound of formula (I) is administered in an ointment.16. The method according to wherein the hand eczema is chronic hand eczema.17. The method according to wherein the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a concentration of 30 mg/g.18. The method according to wherein the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as a twice daily application for 8 weeks19. The method according to the wherein the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an amount of 1.7 mg/cm2. The present invention relates to a new pharmaceutical use of 3-[(3S,4R)-3-methyl-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-1-yl]-3-oxopropanenitrile. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the treatment of hand eczema.Hand eczema is an inflammatory skin disorder, clinically characterized by erythema, infiltration, hyperkeratosis, oedema, and vesicles. Secondary signs include scaling, fissures, erosions and bacterial infections.Management of hand eczema involves identification and elimination of allergic or irritant triggers, general skin care with emollients and barrier creams, treatment of secondary skin infections, and anti-inflammatory therapies. Topically applied corticosteroids remain the mainstay of anti-inflammatory therapy for hand eczema, but long-term use is ...

Measurement for Fast Cell Access

The example embodiments of the invention provide at least a method and apparatus to measure, by a user equipment, a communication quality with at least one measured cell of a communication node while the user equipment is in an idle or inactive state; upon the user equipment transitioning to a connected state, determine by the user equipment that the communication quality with the at least one measured cell is larger than a threshold; and transmit information comprising a measurement report from the user equipment to a network equipment that the at least one measured cell meets the threshold for the network equipment to signal the user equipment to configure communication with the at least one measured cell without further measurements from the user equipment. Further, a method and apparatus to receive by a network equipment information comprising a measurement report from a user equipment which is waking from an idle or inactive state and seeking access to a sewing cell communication, wherein the measurement report comprises an identification of a cell which met a communication quality threshold with the user equipment while the user equipment was in the idle or inactive state; compare the measurement report received by the network equipment from the user equipment to a predetermined threshold value, wherein based on the comparing the network equipment is caused to configure communication with the cell without further measurements from the user equipment, wherein based on the comparing the network equipment is caused to configure communication with the cell without further measurements from the user equipment; and send a signal from the network equipment to the user equipment with instructions for the user equipment to configure communication with the cell without further measurements from the user equipment. 1. (canceled)2. A method comprising:measuring, by a user equipment, a communication quality with at least one measured cell of a communication node while the ...

picking

Wireless device antenna

A wireless device antenna is constructed using flex-rigid printed wiring board technology wherein a first main printed wiring board is flexibly connected to a second printed wiring board carrying at least one radiating element having an approximate length, width and pattern defining an intended antenna functionality which may be cellular, non-cellular or both. The first main printed wiring board and the second printed wiring board are flexibly and electrically connected to one another by a flexible element. An RF transmission line formed in the metallization layers common to the first main printed wiring board and the second printed wiring board connect transceiver circuitry carried on the first main printed wiring board to respective radiating elements carried on the second printed wiring board.

Conjugates of a glycoprotein or a glycan with a toxic payload

Saccharide derivative of a toxic payload and antibody conjugates thereof

A molecule comprising a saccharide bound via an O- glycosidic bond to a hydroxyl group of a toxic payload molecule is disclosed. An antibody-drug conjugate comprising an antibody covalently bound to a toxic payload molecule, optionally via a linker group,and a saccharide bound via an O- glycosidic bond to a hydroxyl group of the toxic payload molecule is further disclosed.

Glycoprotein

The invention relates to a composition comprising a glycoprotein comprising the Fc domain of an antibody, or a fragment thereof, comprising an Asn (asparagine) residue and an oligosaccharide structure attached thereto, wherein said oligosaccharide structure has a structure according to formula I; and wherein at least 20% of the oligosaccharide structures attached to glycoprotein inthe composition consist of oligosaccharide structures according to formula (I).

Glycoprotein

The invention relates to a composition comprising a glycoprotein comprising the Fc domain of an antibody, or a fragment thereof, comprising an Asn (asparagine) residue and an oligosaccharide structure attached thereto, wherein said oligosaccharide structure has a structure according to formula I; and wherein at least 20% of the oligosaccharide structures attached to glycoprotein in the composition consist of oligosaccharide structures according to formula (I).

EXPLORATION DATA FOR NETWORK OPTIMIZATION

An example method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium are provided for exploration procedures for network optimization. In one example implementation, the method may include generating, by a first network element, exploration data, the exploration data being generated by the first network element for evaluating performance at a second network element; transmitting, by the first network element, the exploration data to the second network element; and receiving, by the first network element, exploration data feedback from the second network element, the exploration data feedback received from the second network element based on processing of the exploration data by the second network element. In another example implementation, the method may include receiving, by a second network element, exploration data from a first network element; generating, by the second network element, exploration data feedback, the exploration data feedback generated in response to and based on the exploration data received from the first network element; and transmitting, by the second network element, the exploration data feedback to the first network element. 1. A method of communications , comprising:generating, by a first network element, exploration data for reinforcement learning, the exploration data for reinforcement learning being generated by the first network element for evaluating performance at a second network element;transmitting, by the first network element, the exploration data for reinforcement learning to the second network element; andreceiving, by the first network element, exploration data feedback from the second network element, the exploration data feedback received from the second network element based on processing of the exploration data for reinforcement learning by the second network element.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining, by the first network element, exploration configuration including triggering conditions and ...