NANOPOROUS CARBOHYDRATE FRAMEWORKS AND THE SEQUESTRATION AND DETECTION OF MOLECULES USING THE SAME

Disclosed are cyclodextrin-based metal organic frameworks comprising a metal cation and cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin derivative. These metal organic frameworks are permanently porous and capable of molecule storage. 1. A cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework comprising a metal cation and a cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin derivative.2. A cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the cyclodextrin or cyclodextrin derivative is a γ-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin derivative.3. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the metal cation is selected from the group consisting of Li claim 2 , K claim 2 , Rb claim 2 , Cs claim 2 , Na claim 2 , Mg claim 2 , Cd claim 2 , Sn claim 2 , Ag claim 2 , Yb claim 2 , Ba claim 2 , Sr claim 2 , Ca claim 2 , Pb claim 2 , and La.4. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the metal cation is selected from the group consisting of K claim 3 , Rb claim 3 , Cs and Na.5. A cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the counterion is organic or inorganic.6. A cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the counterion is inorganic and selected from the group consisting of —OH and CO.7. A cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the counterion is organic and selected from the group consisting of benzoate anion and azobenzene-4 claim 5 ,4′-dicarboxylate dianion.8. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of forming a tetragonal or tetrahedral single crystal.9. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the tetragonal or tetrahedral crystal has a unit cell edge of approximately 31 Å.10. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of claim 2 , wherein the γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework has a crystal structure with a I432 space group.11. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the tetragonal or tetrahedral crystal consists of six γ-cylodextrin rings.12. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the ...

MODULAR SUPRAMOLECULAR APPROACH FOR CO-CRYSTALLIZATION OF DONORS AND ACCEPTORS INTO ORDERED NETWORKS

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a mixed stack system are disclosed, wherein a donor molecule (D) and an acceptor molecule (A) occupy alternating positions (DADADA) along the CT axis. A platform is provided which amplifies the molecular recognition of donors and acceptors and produces co-crystals at ambient conditions, wherein the platform comprises (i) a molecular design of the first constituent (α-complement), (ii) a molecular design of the second compound (β-complement), and (iii) a solvent system that promotes co-crystallization. 1. An organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystal consisting essentially of an electron acceptor molecule (A) and an electron donor molecule (D) , wherein one of A and D is an α-complement and the other one of A and D is a β-complement , such that the β-complement is incorporated into the α-complement through molecular linkages in a solvent system to form a co-crystalline supramolecular network , wherein one or more of the molecular linkages between the α-complement and the β-complement use adaptive intermolecular recognition to form the one or more molecular linkages , the co-crystal characterized by having a crystal superstructure comprising a mixed stack lattice (DADADA) and a topological hydrogen-bonded network.2. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein A is a diimide.3. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 2 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of 1α claim 2 , 2α claim 2 , 3β and 4β; and D is selected from the group consisting of 5α claim 2 , 6α; 7β claim 2 , 8β claim 2 , 9β claim 2 , 10β claim 2 , 11β and 12β.4. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent system is one or more organic solvents.5. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 4 , wherein the solvent system is selected from the group consisting of dichloroethane/diethyl ether and N-methylpyrrolidone.6. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the α-complement has an α′-arm that is a ...

MOLECULAR GAUGE BLOCKS FOR BUILDING ON THE NANOSCALE

Disclosed herein is a way to produce a series of discrete sized slender, rigid oligoparaxylene molecules ranging from 1-5 nm in length. Molecules, based on 1-7, 9-11 paraxylene rings, have been synthesized as part of a homologous series of oligoparaxylenes (OPXs) with a view to providing a molecular tool box for the construction of nano architectures—such as spheres, cages, capsules, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-organic polyhedrons (MOPs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), to name but a few—of well-defined sizes and shapes. Twisting between the planes of contiguous paraxylene rings is generated by the steric hindrance associated with the methyl groups and leads to the existence of soluble molecular gauge blocks without the need—at least in the case of the lower homologues—to introduce long aliphatic side chains onto the phenylene rings in the molecules. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one Ris OH or Ris NH claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , methoxy claim 1 , or ethoxy.3. (canceled)4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one Ris meta or ortho to —COR.5. (canceled)6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one Ris OH or Ris methyl or ethyl.7. (canceled)8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each Ris selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , hexyl claim 1 , —O(CHCHO)CH claim 1 , —N═NHPh claim 1 , NO claim 1 , and CF claim 1 , and m is an integer of 1 to 20.9. (canceled)10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein n is 1 claim 1 , 2 claim 1 , 3 claim 1 , 4 claim 1 , 5 claim 1 , 6 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 8 claim 1 , 9 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , 11 claim 1 , 12 claim 1 , 13 claim 1 , 14 claim 1 , or 15.1125.-. (canceled)26. The compound of claim 1 , wherein no more than two Rare other than methyl.27. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one Ris hexyl claim 1 , —O(CHCHO)CHand m is an integer of 1 to 10 claim 1 , or —(CH)ferrocene.2830.-. (canceled)31. The compound of claim 1 , wherein no more than six Rare ...

Modular Supramolecular Approach for Co-Crystallization of Donors and Acceptors into Ordered Networks

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a mixed stack system are disclosed, wherein a donor molecule (D) and an acceptor molecule (A) occupy alternating positions (DADADA) along the CT axis. A platform is provided which amplifies the molecular recognition of donors and acceptors and produces co-crystals at ambient conditions, wherein the platform comprises (i) a molecular design of the first constituent (α-complement), (ii) a molecular design of the second compound (β-complement), and (iii) a solvent system that promotes co-crystallization. 1. An organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystal consisting essentially of an electron acceptor molecule (A) and an electron donor molecule (D) , wherein one of A and D is an α-complement and the other one of A and D is a β-complement , such that the β-complement is incorporated into the α-complement through molecular linkages in a solvent system to form a co-crystalline supramolecular network , wherein one or more of the molecular linkages between the α-complement and the β-complement use adaptive intermolecular recognition to form the one or more molecular linkages , the co-crystal characterized by having a crystal superstructure comprising a mixed stack lattice (DADADA) and a topological hydrogen-bonded network.2. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein A is a diimide.3. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 2 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of 1α claim 2 ,2α claim 2 ,3β and 4β; and D is selected from the group consisting of 5α claim 2 , 6α; 7β claim 2 , 8β claim 2 , 9β claim 2 , 10β claim 2 , 11β and 12β.4. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent system is one or more organic solvents.5. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 4 , wherein the solvent system is selected from the group consisting of dichloroethane/diethyl ether and N-methylpyrrolidone.6. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the α-complement has an α′-arm that is a ...

Tetracationic cyclophanes and their use in the sequestration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by way of complexation

Novel tetracationic cyclophanes incorporating π-electron poor organic compounds into their ring structures, as well as methods of making the cyclophanes, are provided. The cyclophanes are able to form electron donor-acceptor complexes with a variety of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranging in size, shape, and electron density. Also provided are methods of using the cyclophanes in the sequestration of PAHs in liquid or gaseous samples, the separation of PAHs from liquid or gaseous samples, the detection of PAHs in liquid samples, and the exfoliation of graphene via pseudopolyrotaxane formation.

Supramolecular fluorescent dyes

Fluorescent dyes are provided. The fluorescent dyes are heterorotaxanes that include large macrocyclic rings around fluorophores and are capable of emitting solid-state fluorescence.

SUPRAMOLECULAR ENCRYPTED FLUORESCENT SECURITY INK COMPOSITIONS

Fluorescent dyes, ink compositions comprising the dyes, methods and devices for printing the ink compositions, images printed using the ink compositions and methods for authenticating the printed images are provided. The fluorescent dyes are heterorotaxanes that include large macrocyclic rings around fluorophores and are capable of emitting solid-state fluorescence. When the heterorotaxanes are combined with encapsulating agents and competitive binding agents in aqueous solution, the resulting ink composition exhibits a complex, dynamic equilibrium that provides a tunable fluorescence emission spectrum with a non-linear response to the dye concentration. 1. A fluorescent ink composition comprising:(a) water; (i) a substantially linear molecule comprising a central fluorophoric group, a first fluorophoric end group on one end of the substantially linear molecule, and a second fluorophoric end group on the opposite end of the substantially linear molecule;', '(ii) a first macrocyclic ring encircling the central fluorophoric group;', '(iii) a second macrocyclic ring encircling a portion of the substantially linear molecule between the first fluorophoric end group and the central fluorophoric group; and', '(iv) a third macrocyclic ring encircling a portion of the substantially linear molecule between the second fluorophoric end group and the central fluorophoric group; and, '(b) a heterorotaxane comprising(c) an encapsulating agent comprising a macrocyclic ring that is capable of encapsulating one or both of the first and second fluorophoric end groups.2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising: (d) a competitive binding agent that competes with one or both of the first and second fluorophoric end groups for binding the encapsulating agent.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein where X claim 4 , Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of pyrene claim 4 , 2 claim 4 ,9-diethyl-2 claim 4 ,9-diazaperopyrenium dication claim 4 , anthracene claim 4 , coumarin ...

Ligand-directed reticular synthesis of metal-organic frameworks having edge-transitive alb network topologies

A series of isoreticular metal-organic frameworks composed of metal nodes connected by rigid trigonal prismatic organic linkers and having a 6,12-coordinatled alb network topology are provided. Also provided are methods of synthesizing the metal-organic frameworks and methods of using the metal-organic frameworks to catalyze the hydrolysis of organic molecules, such as nerve agents, having hydrolysable bonds.

CRYSTALLINE BIPYRIDINIUM RADICAL COMPLEXES AND USES THEREOF

Described herein are methods of generating 4,4′-bipyridinium radical cations (BIPY), and methods for utilizing the radical-radical interactions between two or more BIPYradical cations that ensue for the creation of novel materials for applications in nanotechnology. Synthetic methodologies, crystallographic engineering techniques, methods of physical characterization, and end uses are described. 150.-. (canceled)52. The complex of claim 51 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has a diameter up to 10 Å claim 51 , about 5 Å to about 9 Å claim 51 , or about 6 Å to about 9 Å.53. The complex of claim 51 , wherein the salt comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of PF claim 51 , halo claim 51 , sulfate claim 51 , phosphate claim 51 , acetate claim 51 , nitrate claim 51 , trifluoroacetate claim 51 , and carbonate.54. The complex of claim 51 , wherein Rand Rare the same.55. The complex of claim 51 , wherein Rand Rare different.56. The complex of claim 51 , wherein Ror Ris methyl claim 51 , ethyl claim 51 , propyl claim 51 , isopropyl claim 51 , butyl claim 51 , iso-butyl claim 51 , sec-butyl claim 51 , t-butyl claim 51 , pentyl claim 51 , hexyl claim 51 , heptyl claim 51 , or octyl claim 51 , or Ror Ris phenyl claim 51 , substituted phenyl claim 51 , naphthyl claim 51 , or substituted naphthyl.57. (canceled)58. The complex of claim 56 , wherein the phenyl or naphthyl is substituted one or more electron withdrawing group.59. (canceled)60. The complex of claim 56 , wherein the phenyl or naphthyl is substituted with one or more electron donating group.61. (canceled)62. The complex of in the form of a crystal.63. The complex of claim 62 , wherein the crystal is a single crystalline form.64. The complex of claim 51 , wherein Ror Ris further modified with a polymerizable group.65. (canceled)66. A polymer comprising a complex of .67. A method of making a complex of comprising mixing CBPQT and a di-cation of the compound of formula (I) in the presence of a reducing ...

COMPOUNDS AND METHODS TO ISOLATE GOLD

Methods for recovering gold from gold-bearing materials are provided. The methods rely upon on the self-assembly of KAuBrand α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) in aqueous solution to form a co-precipitate, a 1:2 complex, KAuBr•(α-CD)(“α•Br”), either alone or in an extended {[K(OH)][AuBr]⊂(α-CD)}chain superstructure (FIG. ). The co-precipitation of α•Br is selective for gold, even in the presence of other metals, including other square-planar noble metals. The method enables one to isolate gold from gold-bearing materials from diverse sources, as further described. 1. A method for isolating gold from a gold-bearing material , comprising:adding HX and an acid to the gold-bearing material to form a first dissolved gold solution;adding a base to the first dissolved gold solution to form a second dissolved gold solution;adding a cyclodextrin to the second dissolved gold solution to form a precipitate in the second dissolved gold solution; andisolating the precipitate from the second dissolved gold solution,wherein HX comprises a hydrogen halide and the precipitate comprises a gold-cyclodextrin complex.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is selected from the group consisting of fluorine claim 1 , chlorine claim 1 , bromine and iodine.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of HNO claim 1 , HCl claim 1 , HBr claim 1 , HI claim 1 , and HSO.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of LiOH claim 1 , NaOH claim 1 , KOH claim 1 , RbOH claim 1 , and CsOH.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first dissolved gold solution has a pH less than about pH 2.0.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second dissolved gold solution has a pH from about pH 2.0 to about pH 7.0.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin claim 1 , β-cyclodextrin claim 1 , γ-cyclodextrin and mixtures thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitate is KAuBr•(α-CD)(α• ...

RIGID NAPHTHALENEDIIMIDE TRIANGLE STRUCTURES

Provided herein are systems and devices comprising rigid macrocyclic and nanoporous compositions of electronically coupled naphthalenediimide redox-active units and methods of preparation and use thereof, for example, in the field of energy generation and storage. 1. A cathode material comprising:(a) a rigid, macrocyclic, nanoporous, electronically-coupled naphthalenediimide redox-active compound;(b) a binder material;(c) an electron-conducting additive.3. (canceled)4. The cathode material of claim 1 , wherein the binder material comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of: styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , hexafluoropropylene claim 1 , and vinylidene fluoride; copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride; copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated vinyl ether.56.-. (canceled)7. The cathode material of claim 1 , further comprising a solvent.8. (canceled)9. The cathode material of claim 1 , wherein the electron-conducting additive is a carbon or graphitic material selected from the list consisting of: a graphite claim 1 , a carbon black claim 1 , a graphene claim 1 , a carbon nanotube claim 1 , a chemically-etched or expanded soft carbon claim 1 , a chemically-etched or expanded hard carbon claim 1 , and an exfoliated activated carbon.1016.-. (canceled)17. The cathode material of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material is present as a slurry.18. (canceled)19. The cathode material of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material is dried.20. A cathode comprising a cathode material of .21. The cathode of claim 20 , further comprising a foil substrate.22. The cathode of claim 21 , wherein the foil substrate is an aluminum foil substrate.23. The cathode of claim 21 , wherein a slurry comprising the cathode material is coated onto the foil substrate and dried.24. A battery comprising a cathode of .25. The battery of claim 24 , further ...

Nanoporous Carbohydrate Frameworks and the Sequestration and Detection of Molecules Using the Same

Disclosed are cyclodextrin-based metal organic frameworks comprising a metal cation and cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin derivative. These metal organic frameworks are permanently porous and capable of molecule storage. 1. A method of making a cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework comprising a metal cation and a cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin derivative , the method comprising:a) dissolving the cyclodextrin or the cyclodextrin derivative and an alkali metal salt in a first solvent; andb) allowing slow vapor diffusion of a second solvent in which either of the cyclodextrin or the cyclodextrin, or the alkali metal salt has poor solubility.2. A method according to wherein the cyclodextrin or cyclodextrin derivative is a γ-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin derivative.3. A method according to wherein the metal cation is selected from the group consisting of Li claim 2 , K claim 2 , Rb claim 2 , Na claim 2 , Cd claim 2 , Sn claim 2 , Ag claim 2 , Yb claim 2 , Ba claim 2 , Sr claim 2 , Ca claim 2 , Pb′ claim 2 , and La.4. A method according to wherein the metal cation is selected from the group consisting of K claim 3 , Rb claim 3 , Cs and Na.5. A method according to wherein the counterion is organic or inorganic.6. A method according to wherein the counterion is inorganic and selected from the group consisting of —OH and CO.7. A method according to wherein the counterion is organic and selected from the group consisting of benzoate anion and azobenzene-4 claim 5 ,4′-dicarboxylate dianion.8. A method according to forming a tetragonal or tetrahedral single crystal.9. A method according to wherein the tetragonal or tetrahedral crystal has a unit cell edge of approximately 31 Å.10. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework has a crystal structure with a I432 space group.11. A γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework of wherein the tetragonal or tetrahedral crystal consists of six γ-cylodextrin rings.12. A method according to ...

Compounds and Methods to Isolate Gold

Methods for recovering gold from gold-bearing materials are provided. The methods rely upon on the self-assembly of KAuBrand α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) in aqueous solution to form a co-precipitate, a 1:2 complex, KAuBr•(α-CD)(“α•Br”), either alone or in an extended {[K(OH)][AuBr]⊂(α-CD)}chain superstructure (FIG. ). The co-precipitation of α•Br is selective for gold, even in the presence of other metals, including other square-planar noble metals. The method enables one to isolate gold from gold-bearing materials from diverse sources, as further described. 120.-. (canceled)21. A gold-cyclodextrin complex ,comprising a cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin and mixtures thereof,and a gold salt.22. The complex according to claim 21 , wherein the gold:cyclodextrin ratio is 1:2.23. The complex according to claim 21 , wherein the gold salt comprises a salt forming cation and a salt forming anion claim 21 , wherein the salt forming anion comprises gold.24. The complex according to claim 23 , wherein the salt forming anion further comprises at least one halide ion.25. The complex according to claim 24 , wherein the at least one halide ion is bromide.26. The complex according to claim 23 , wherein the salt forming cation is the cation of an alkali metal.27. The complex according to claim 26 , wherein the alkali metal is potassium.28. The complex according to claim 21 , wherein the gold salt is a gold halide salt.29. The complex according to claim 28 , wherein the gold halide salt is a gold (III) halide salt.30. The complex according to claim 29 , wherein the gold (III) halide salt is a gold (III) bromide salt.31. The complex according to claim 30 , wherein the gold (III) bromide salt is KAuBr.32. The complex according to claim 21 , wherein the cyclodextrin is α-cyclodextrin.33. The complex according to claim 21 , wherein the complex is KAuBr•α-cyclodextrin.34. The complex according to claim 21 , wherein the complex is ...

Methods of Making Diazaperopyrenium Dications and Uses Thereof

Methods of making diazaperopyrenium dications with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, and uses thereof are provided.

Supramolecular Networks with Electron Transfer in Two Dimensions

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a crossed stack system are disclosed. The co-crystals exhibit bidirectional charge transfer interactions where one donor molecule shares electrons with two different acceptors, one acceptor face-to-face and the other edge-to-face. The assembly and charge transfer interaction results in a pleochroic material whereby the optical absorption continuously changes depending on the polarization angle of incident light. 1. An organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystal in a crossed stack lattice exhibiting bidirectional CT interactions , where one donor molecule shares electrons with two different acceptors; wherein one acceptor is face-to-face with the donor and a second acceptor is edge-to-face with the donor , and wherein the co-crystal exhibits visible pleochroism with RGB and CMYK colors.2. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the acceptor is a diimide.3. An organic CT co-crystal according to selected from the group consisting of 1α·7β and 1α·8β.4. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 3 , wherein the ionicity of 1α·7β and 1α·8β are ρ=0.53 claim 3 , ρ=0.47 claim 3 , and ρ=0.57 claim 3 , ρ=0.42 claim 3 , respectively.5. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the co-crystal violates the mutual exclusion rule of IR and Raman modes along a mixed stack axes and a crossed stack axes.6. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 1 , wherein absorption of light of the co-crystal is anisotropic.7. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 6 , wherein two distinct chromophores are observed.8. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 7 , wherein the two distinct chromophores absorb light at 53° and 95° with absorption maxima at 475 nm and 527 nm claim 7 , respectively.9. An organic CT co-crystal according to claim 7 , wherein the two distinct chromophores absorb light at 89° and 117° with absorption maxima at 490 nm and 595 nm claim 7 , respectively. This application is a continuation of and ...

Modular supramolecular approach for co-crystallization of donors and acceptors into ordered networks

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a mixed stack system are disclosed, wherein a donor molecule (D) and an acceptor molecule (A) occupy alternating positions (DADADA) along the CT axis. A platform is provided which amplifies the molecular recognition of donors and acceptors and produces co-crystals at ambient conditions, wherein the platform comprises (i) a molecular design of the first constituent (α-complement), (ii) a molecular design of the second compound (β-complement), and (iii) a solvent system that promotes co-crystallization.

Rigid naphthalenediimide triangle structures

Provided herein are systems and devices comprising rigid macrocyclic and nanoporous compositions of electronically coupled naphthalenediimide redox-active units and methods of preparation and use thereof, for example, in the field of energy generation and storage.

Modular supramolecular approach for co-crystallization of donors and acceptors into ordered networks

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a mixed stack system are disclosed, wherein a donor molecule (D) and an acceptor molecule (A) occupy alternating positions (DADADA) along the CT axis. A platform is provided which amplifies the molecular recognition of donors and acceptors and produces co-crystals at ambient conditions, wherein the platform comprises (i) a molecular design of the first constituent (α-complement), (ii) a molecular design of the second compound (β-complement), and (iii) a solvent system that promotes co-crystallization.

Compounds and methods to isolate gold

Methods for recovering gold from gold-bearing materials are provided. The methods rely upon on the self-assembly of KAuBr 4 and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) in aqueous solution to form a co-precipitate, a 1:2 complex, KAuBr 4 •(α-CD) 2 (“α•Br”), either alone or in an extended {[K(OH 2 ) 6 ][AuBr 4 ]⊂(α-CD) 2 } n chain superstructure (FIG. 1 ). The co-precipitation of α•Br is selective for gold, even in the presence of other metals, including other square-planar noble metals. The method enables one to isolate gold from gold-bearing materials from diverse sources, as further described.

Supramolecular networks with electron transfer in two dimensions

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a crossed stack system are disclosed. The co-crystals exhibit bidirectional charge transfer interactions where one donor molecule shares electrons with two different acceptors, one acceptor face-to-face and the other edge-to-face. The assembly and charge transfer interaction results in a pleochroic material whereby the optical absorption continuously changes depending on the polarization angle of incident light.

Methods of making diazaperopyrenium dications and uses thereof

Methods of making diazaperopyrenium dications with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, and uses thereof are provided.

Tetracationic cyclophanes and their use in the sequestration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by way of complexation

Novel tetracationic cyclophanes incorporating π-electron poor organic compounds into their ring structures, as well as methods of making the cyclophanes, are provided. The cyclophanes are able to form electron donor-acceptor complexes with a variety of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranging in size, shape, and electron density. Also provided are methods of using the cyclophanes in the sequestration of PAHs in liquid or gaseous samples, the separation of PAHs from liquid or gaseous samples, the detection of PAHs in liquid samples, and the exfoliation of graphene via pseudopolyrotaxane formation.

Tetracationic cyclophanes and their use in the sequestration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by way of complexation

Novel tetracationic cyclophanes incorporating π-electron poor organic compounds into their ring structures, as well as methods of making the cyclophanes, are provided. The cyclophanes are able to form electron donor-acceptor complexes with a variety of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranging in size, shape, and electron density. Also provided are methods of using the cyclophanes in the sequestration of PAHs in liquid or gaseous samples, the separation of PAHs from liquid or gaseous samples, the detection of PAHs in liquid samples, and the exfoliation of graphene via pseudopolyrotaxane formation.

Tetracationic cyclophanes and their use in the sequestration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by way of complexation

LIGAND-DIRECTED RETICULAR SYNTHESIS OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS HAVING EDGE-TRANSITIVE alb NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

A series of isoreticular metal-organic frameworks composed of metal nodes connected by rigid trigonal prismatic organic linkers and having a 6,12-coordinatled alb network topology are provided. Also provided are methods of synthesizing the metal-organic frameworks and methods of using the metal-organic frameworks to catalyze the hydrolysis of organic molecules, such as nerve agents, having hydrolysable bonds.

Supramolecular networks with electron transfer in two dimensions

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a crossed stack system are disclosed. The co-crystals exhibit bidirectional charge transfer interactions where one donor molecule shares electrons with two different acceptors, one acceptor face-to-face and the other edge- to-face. The assembly and charge transfer interaction results in a pleochroic material whereby the optical absorption continuously changes depending on the polarization angle of incident light.

Compounds and methods to isolate gold

Compuestos y metodos para aislar oro

En una primera instancia, se presenta un primer metodo para aislar oro de materiales auriferos. El metodo comprende varios pasos. En el primer paso, se anade HX y acido a los materiales auriferos para formar una primera solucion de oro disuelto. El HX es un haluro de hidrogeno. En el segundo paso, se anade una base a la primera solucion de oro disuelto para formar una segunda solucion de oro disuelto. En el tercer paso, se anade ciclodextrina a la segunda solucion de oro disuelto para formar un precipitado en la segunda solucion de oro disuelto. En el cuarto paso, se aisla el precipitado de la segunda solucion de oro disuelto. El precipitado comprende oro en la forma de un complejo de oro-ciclodextrina. En una segunda instancia, se presenta un segundo metodo para aislar oro de materiales auriferos. El metodo comprende varios pasos. El primer paso es generar una solucion que comprenda hipobromito de sodio o hipobromito de potasio. El segundo paso es anadir la solucion al material aurifero para formar una primera solucion de oro di suelto. El tercer paso es anadir ciclodextrina a la primera solucion de oro disuelto para formar un precipitado en la solucion de oro disuelto. El cuarto paso es aislar el precipitado de la primera solucion de oro disuelto. El precipitado comprende un complejo de oro -ciclodextrina. En una tercera instancia, se detalla el tercer metodo para aislar oro de materiales auriferos. El metodo comprende varios pasos. El primer paso es anadir una

Compounds and methods to isolate gold

Methods for recovering gold from gold-bearing materials are provided. The methods rely upon on the self-assembly of KAuBr4 and a-cyclodextrin (a-CD) in aqueous solution to form a co- precipitate, a 1 :2 complex, KAuBr4(a-CD)2 ("aBr"), either alone or in an extended {[K(OH2)6][AuBr4]?(a- CD)2}n chain superstructure (FIG. 1). The co-precipitation of aBr is selective for gold, even in the presence of other metals, including other square- planar noble metals. The method enables one to isolate gold from gold-bearing materials from diverse sources, as further described.

Supramolecular networks with electron transfer in two dimensions

Organic charge-transfer (CT) co-crystals in a crossed stack system are disclosed. The co-crystals exhibit bidirectional charge transfer interactions where one donor molecule shares electrons with two different acceptors, one acceptor face-to-face and the other edge-to-face. The assembly and charge transfer interaction results in a pleochroic material whereby the optical absorption continuously changes depending on the polarization angle of incident light.