THERMAL MATERIAL WITH HIGH CAPACITY AND HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, PREPARATION METHOD AND THE COMPONENTS COMPRISING THE SAME

La présente invention concerne un matériau composite à base de nitrure de bore (BN(C)) sous forme de structure continue; et d'un matériau à changement de phase (MCP) incorporé à l'intérieur de ladite structure continue de BN(C), le procédé de fabrication, et les composants les comprenant.

Computerised boundary estimation in medical images

A computerised boundary estimation technique (using prostate as an example) in medical images (ultrasound in particular), called Radial Bas-relief, is disclosed. The image probe can be carried by a robot and shares the same reference frame as the robot. The prostate is scanned and the ultrasound images are fed into a computer which provides computational images processing. Such a method is employed to allow a quick and robust extract of the boundary of interest from transverse images taken transurethrally or transrectally or otherwise.

Electrosurgical apparatus and system

An electrosurgical apparatus for coagulating tissue comprises an elongated tube () having a proximal end and a distal end, and constituting a conduit though which ionisable gas can be supplied to the distal end of the tube. The tube () includes one or more apertures () in the tube such that the ionisable gas is capable of exiting the tube in a plurality of different directions. The tube includes at least one electrode () for ionising the ionisable gas exiting the one or more apertures, and a shield () associated to with the tube () and movable so as to obscure at least part of the one or more apertures () so as to vary the direction or directions in which the ionised gas exits the tube. 1. Electrosurgical apparatus for coagulating tissue , comprising:an elongated tube having a proximal end and a distal end,a conduit through which ionisable gas can be supplied to the distal end of the tube, wherein the tube has a gas outlet defined by at least one aperture in the tube such that the ionisable gas is capable of exiting the tube in a plurality of different directions,at least one electrode for ionising the ionisable gas exiting said gas outlet, anda shield associated with the tube and movable so as to obscure at least part of said gas outlet so as to vary the direction or directions in which the ionised gas exits the tube.2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the shield is located within the tube.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the tube includes at least one aperture located around the circumference of the tube such that ionised gas is capable of exiting laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube.4. Apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the tube includes a plurality of apertures located around the circumference of the tube such that ionised gas is capable of exiting in a plurality of different lateral directions.5. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the tube includes an end face and at least one aperture in the end face such ...

ELECTROSURGICAL APPARATUS AND SYSTEM

An electrosurgical apparatus for coagulating tissue comprises an elongate tube () having a proximal end and a distal end, and having a distal end face (). The tube comprises one or more first apertures () located at the distal end face () and one or more second apertures () located along the periphery of the tube between the proximal and distal ends. The tube provides a conduit though which ionizable gas can be supplied to the distal end of the tube, and includes at least one electrode () for ionizing the ionizable gas exiting either the first or second apertures. 1. An electrosurgical apparatus for coagulating tissue , comprising:an elongate tube having a proximal end and a distal end, and having a distal end face, the tube comprising one or more first apertures located at the distal end face and one or more second apertures located along the periphery of the tube between the proximal and distal ends;a conduit through which ionizable gas can be supplied to the distal end of the tube; andat least one electrode for ionizing the ionizable gas exiting either the first or second apertures.2. An electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more first apertures comprises a single aperture present in the distal end face of the tube claim 1 ,3. An electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the single aperture constitutes the majority of the distal end face of the tube.4. An electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the single aperture is present in one quadrant of the end face of the tube.5. An electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 , including a plurality of first apertures in the distal end face of the tube.6. An electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more second apertures comprises a single aperture present on the periphery of the tube.7. An electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 , including a plurality of apertures located around the periphery of the tube.8. An ...

Systems and methods for a low-profile vascular pressure measurement device

A measuring system includes an elongated sleeve having a compact diameter configured to be delivered over a standard guide wire and able to be flexibly threaded into a tortuous or diseased vascular pathway of a human. Sensor(s), located at a distal end of the sleeve, measure physiological parameter(s) inside the human. The sleeve measuring system has an outer diameter of approximately 20 mils or less and is capable of accommodating the standard guide wire, typically 14 mils in diameter.

ELECTROSURGICAL GENERATOR

An electrosurgical generator for generating radio frequency power, includes a radio frequency output stage having three or more output connections, and one or more sources of radio frequency output power coupled to the output stage. A controller causes the system to supply a first coagulating RF waveform to the output connections or a second cutting RF waveform to the output connections. The first RF waveform is delivered between a first pair of the output connections, and the second RF waveform is delivered between a second pair of the output connections. In a first mode of operation the controller supplies the first coagulating RF waveform, and in a second subsequent mode of operation the controller supplies the second cutting RF waveform for a first predetermined period of time followed by the first coagulating RF waveform for a second predetermined period of time, both periods being in excess of 1 second. 1. An electrosurgical generator for generating radio frequency power , comprising:(i) a radio frequency output stage having three or more output connections,(ii) one or more sources of radio frequency output power coupled to the output stage,(iii) a controller operable to cause the system to supply a first coagulating RF waveform to the output connections or a second cutting RF waveform to the output connections, the controller including means for feeding the waveforms to the output connections such that the first RF waveform is delivered between a first pair of the output connections, and the second RF waveform is delivered between a second pair of the output connections,the arrangement of the system being such that in a first mode of operation the controller supplies the first coagulating RF waveform, and in a second subsequent mode of operation the controller supplies the second cutting RF waveform for a first predetermined period of time followed by the first coagulating RF waveform for a second predetermined period of time, the first and second ...

MODULE FOR AN AUTOMATED BIOLOGY LABORATORY SYSTEM WITH AN INTERFACE TO TRANSFER MICROPLATES OR LAB-WARE

A module for an automated biology laboratory system includes a housing and a storage device located within the housing. The storage device has a plurality of plate slots for receiving microplates or lab-ware with a microplate footprint or containers. The laboratory system further includes a transfer slot to transfer the microplates or containers between an inside of the module and an outside of the module; indexing means to facilitate alignment of the transfer slot with a microplate transfer interface comprising an aperture of the housing; and connection means for fixedly connecting the transfer interface of the module to a transfer interface of an adjacent module. 1100120. A module ( , ) for an automated biological laboratory system , comprising:{'b': '102', 'a housing ();'}{'b': 108', '330', '102', '108', '330', '110', '116', '320', '322', '324', '360', '326', '327, 'a storage device (, ) located within the housing (), the storage device (, ) having a plurality of plate slots () for receiving (i) plates (, , , ) or lab-ware with a microplate footprint () or (ii) containers (, );'}{'b': 113', '116', '320', '322', '324', '326', '327', '100', '120', '100', '120, 'a transfer slot () to transfer said plates (, , , ) or containers (, ) between an inside of the module (, ) and an outside of the module (, );'}{'b': 140', '142', '113', '130', '134', '102, 'indexing means (,) to facilitate alignment of the transfer slot () with a transfer interface (, ) comprising an aperture of the housing ();'}{'b': 132', '133', '134', '130', '134, 'connection means () for fixedly connecting the transfer interface (, ) of the module to a transfer interface (, ) of an adjacent module; and'}{'b': 160', '116', '320', '322', '324', '326', '327', '110', '113', '130', '134', '160', '100', '120, 'a robotic handling device () for transferring one or more of the plates (, , , ) or containers (, ) between one of the plate slots () and the transfer slot (), and through the aperture of the transfer ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry determines whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks. When it is determined not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, scaling prediction residuals of chroma samples based on prediction residuals of luma samples is not performed. When it is determined to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, scaling the prediction residuals of chroma samples based on prediction residuals of luma samples is performed. The block is encoded based on the prediction residuals of chroma samples. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; determining whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks;', 'in response to a determination not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, not scaling prediction residuals of chroma samples based on prediction residuals of luma samples;', 'in response to a determination to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, scaling the prediction residuals of chroma samples based on prediction residuals of luma samples; and', 'encoding the block based on the prediction residuals of chroma samples., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following2. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , determines whether to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks based on a split flag associated with the VPDU.3. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , determines whether to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks based on a quad-tree split depth of a luma block.4. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , determines whether to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks based on a threshold block size.5. The encoder of claim 4 , wherein the threshold block size is a default block size or a signaled block size ...

IMAGE ENCODER, IMAGE DECODER, IMAGE ENCODING METHOD, AND IMAGE DECODING METHOD

An image decoder includes circuitry and a memory, wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs a boundary smoothing operation along a boundary between a first partition having a triangular shape and a second partition having a triangular shape that are split from an image block. The boundary smoothing operation includes: first-predicting first values of a set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a first motion vector for the first partition; second-predicting second values of the set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a second motion vector for the second partition; weighting the first values and the second values; and decoding the first partition using the weighted first values and the weighted second values. 1. An image decoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry;wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs a boundary smoothing operation along a boundary between a first partition having a triangular shape and a second partition having a triangular shape that are split from an image block, the boundary smoothing operation including:first-predicting first values of a set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a first motion vector for the first partition;second-predicting second values of the set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a second motion vector for the second partition;weighting the first values and the second values; anddecoding the first partition using the weighted first values and the weighted second values.2. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein a number of pixels in a row or in a column in the set of pixels is an integer.3. The decoder of claim 2 , wherein the number of pixels in a row or in a column in the set of pixels is four.4. The decoder of claim 2 , wherein the number of pixels in a row or in a column in the set of pixels is five.5. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein weights applied to the first values and weights applied to the second ...

ENCODING APPARATUS, DECODING APPARATUS, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoding apparatus includes: a circuit; and a memory. The circuit, using the memory: writes a first parameter that specifies an arrangement order for a plurality of parameters which includes a second parameter, into a header; writes a second parameter for a block into a bitstream according to the arrangement order wherein the second parameter, when positioned earlier in the arrangement order than later in the arrangement order, is written with less bits; and performs encoding operation for a block using the second parameter. 1. An encoding apparatus , comprising:a circuit; anda memory,wherein the circuit, using the memory:writes a first parameter that specifies an arrangement order for a plurality of parameters which includes a second parameter, into a header;writes a second parameter for a block into a bitstream according to the arrangement order wherein the second parameter, when positioned earlier in the arrangement order than later in the arrangement order, is written with less bits; andperforms encoding operation for a block using the second parameter.2. The encoding apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein, the circuit, using the memory:performs a first encoding of at least a portion of a picture using at least a prediction process and a transform process;derives from the first encoding the arrangement order for the plurality of parameters which includes the second parameter;writes the first parameter specifying the derived arrangement order into the header; andperforms a second encoding of the portion of the picture using the derived arrangement order wherein the second encoding does not include a prediction process, a transform process, and a quantization process and the second encoding includes writing a plurality of second parameters into a bitstream.3. The encoding apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the second parameter is used in at least one of an inter prediction process, an intra prediction process, a transformation process or quantization ...

IMAGE ENCODER, IMAGE DECODER, IMAGE ENCODING METHOD, AND IMAGE DECODING METHOD

An image decoder includes circuitry and a memory, wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs a boundary smoothing operation along a boundary between a first partition having a triangular shape and a second partition having a triangular shape that are split from an image block. The boundary smoothing operation includes: in response to determining to perform the boundary smoothing operation; first-predicting first values of a set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a first motion vector for the first partition; second-predicting second values of the set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a second motion vector for the second partition; weighting the first values and the second values; and decoding the first partition using the weighted first values and the weighted second values. 1. An image decoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry;wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs a boundary smoothing operation along a boundary between a first partition having a triangular shape and a second partition having a triangular shape that are split from an image block, the boundary smoothing operation including:in response to determining to perform the boundary smoothing operation;first-predicting first values of a set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a first motion vector for the first partition;second-predicting second values of the set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using a second motion vector for the second partition;weighting the first values and the second values; anddecoding the first partition using the weighted first values and the weighted second values.2. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , performs:parsing a first index indicative of the first motion vector and a second index indicative of the second motion vector;selecting the first motion vector based on the first index; andselecting the second ...

IMAGE ENCODER, IMAGE DECODER, IMAGE ENCODING METHOD, AND IMAGE DECODING METHOD

An image decoder includes circuitry and a memory, wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs a boundary smoothing operation along a boundary between a first partition having a triangular shape and a second partition having a triangular shape that are split from an image block. The boundary smoothing operation includes: first-deriving a first motion vector for the first partition from a first set of motion vector candidates; second-deriving a second motion vector for the second partition from a second set of motion vector candidates; first-predicting first values of a set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using the first motion vector; second-predicting second values of the set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using the second motion vector; weighting the first values and the second values; and decoding the first partition using the weighted first values and the weighted second values. 1. An image decoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry;wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs a boundary smoothing operation along a boundary between a first partition having a triangular shape and a second partition having a triangular shape that are split from an image block, the boundary smoothing operation including:first-deriving a first motion vector for the first partition from a first set of motion vector candidates;second-deriving a second motion vector for the second partition from a second set of motion vector candidates;first-predicting first values of a set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using the first motion vector;second-predicting second values of the set of pixels of the first partition along the boundary, using the second motion vector;weighting the first values and the second values; and decoding the first partition using the weighted first values and the weighted second values.2. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein the first set of motion vector candidates is the same as the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An image decoder has circuitry coupled to a memory. The circuitry splits a current image block into a plurality of partitions. The circuitry predicts a first motion vector from a set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates for a first partition of the plurality of partitions, and decodes the first partition using the first motion vector. 1. An image decoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry; splits a current image block into a plurality of partitions;', 'predicts a first motion vector from a set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates for a first partition of the plurality of partitions; and', 'decodes the first partition using the first motion vector., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation:generates the set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates.3. The decoder of claim 2 , wherein the circuitry claim 2 , in operation:generates the set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates using a list of motion vector candidates for the current block.4. The decoder of claim 2 , wherein the circuitry claim 2 , in operation:generates a uni-prediction motion vector candidate of the set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates from a bi-prediction motion vector candidate.5. The decoder of claim 4 , wherein the circuitry claim 4 , in operation:generates the uni-prediction motion vector candidate of the set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates based on an index of the bi-prediction motion vector candidate.6. The decoder of claim 4 , wherein the circuitry claim 4 , in operation:generates the uni-prediction motion vector candidate of the set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates based on respective reference pictures to which motion vectors of the bi-prediction motion vector candidate point.7. The decoder of claim 6 , wherein the circuitry claim 6 , in operation:generates the uni-prediction motion vector candidate of the set of uni-prediction motion vector candidates ...

IMAGE DECODER AND DECODING METHOD

An image decoder splits a block of a picture into a plurality of sub blocks in a first direction using a first partition mode; and decodes the plurality of sub blocks, wherein, when the block is sized N pixels by N pixels and the first direction is along the N pixels, N being an integer, the first partition mode includes splitting the block into the plurality of sub blocks including at least one sub block sized N/4 pixels by N pixels, and excludes splitting the block into two sub blocks sized N/2 pixels by N pixels. 1. An image decoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry; splits a block of a picture into a plurality of sub blocks in a first direction using a first partition mode; and', 'decodes the plurality of sub blocks,, 'wherein the circuitry, in operationwherein,when the block is sized N pixels by 2N pixels and the first direction is along the 2N pixels, N being an integer, the first partition mode includes splitting the block into the plurality of sub blocks including at least one sub block sized N/4 pixels by 2N pixels, and excludes splitting the block into two sub blocks sized N/2 pixels by 2N pixels.2. The image decoder according to claim 1 , wherein the first partition mode includes splitting the block into two sub blocks sized N/4 pixels by 2N pixels and one sub block sized N/2 pixels by 2N pixels.3. The image decoder according to claim 2 , wherein the first partition mode includes splitting the block into a first sub block sized N/4 pixels by 2N pixels claim 2 , a second sub block sized N/2 pixels by 2N pixels claim 2 , and a third sub block sized N/4 pixels by 2N pixels claim 2 , wherein the second sub block is interposed between the first sub block and the third sub block.4. The image decoder according to claim 1 , wherein the first direction is a vertical direction or a horizontal direction.5. The image decoder according to claim 1 , wherein the first partition mode includes splitting the block into one sub block sized N/4 ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, DECODING METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM

An encoder partitions into blocks using a set of block partition modes. The set of block partition modes includes a first partition mode for partitioning a first block, and a second block partition mode for partitioning a second block which is one of blocks obtained after the first block is partitioned. When the number of partitions of the first block partition mode is three, the second block is a center block among the blocks obtained after partitioning the first block, and the partition direction of the second block partition mode is same as the partition direction of the first block partition mode, the second block partition mode indicates that the number of partitions is only three. A parameter for identifying the second block partition mode includes a first flag indicating a horizontal or vertical partition direction, and does not include a second flag indicating the number of partitions. 1. An encoder that encodes a picture , the encoder comprising:a processor; andmemory, wherein a block partition determiner that partitions the picture into a plurality of blocks, using a set of block partition modes obtained by combining one or more block partition modes each of which defines a partition type, the picture being read from the memory; and', 'an encoding unit that encodes the plurality of blocks,, 'the processor includesthe set of block partition modes includes a first partition mode that defines a partition direction and a total number of partitions for partitioning a first block, and a second block partition mode that defines a partition direction and a total number of partitions for partitioning a second block which is one of blocks obtained after the first block is partitioned,when the total number of partitions of the first block partition mode is three, the second block is a center block among the blocks obtained after the first block is partitioned, and the partition direction of the second block partition mode is same as the partition direction of the ...

COMPONENT COATED WITH MULTIPLE TWO-DIMENSIONAL LAYERS, AND COATING METHOD

A permanently curved component consists of a coated substrate. The substrate is deformable, and the coating consists of multiple layers which are deposited one over another and each of which has layer elements lying adjacent to one another on a plane. The layer elements from adjacent layers are weakly connected together such that the layer elements can move relative to each other upon deforming the coated substrate. In order to produce such a component, the layer elements which lie one over another and which can consist of graphene are first deposited, and then the coated component is deformed such that a closed layer remains. 1. A permanently curved component comprising:{'b': '5', 'a substrate () that is coated with a coating and is deformable; and'}{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4', '11', '12', '13', '14', '11', '12', '13', '14', '1', '2', '3', '4', '11', '12', '13', '14', '5, 'the coating, wherein the coating comprises multiple layers (, , , ) which are deposited one over another, wherein each of the layers includes layer elements (, , , ) that lie adjacent to one another in a plane, wherein the layer elements (, , , ) from adjacent ones of the layers (, , , ) weakly connected together such that the layer elements (, , , ) from the adjacent layers are able to move relative to each other when the coated substrate () is deformed.'}2. A method for producing deformed , coated components , the method comprising:{'b': 5', '1', '2', '3', '4', '11', '12', '13', '14', '11', '12', '13', '14', '1', '2', '3', '4', '11', '12', '13', '14', '5, 'depositing a coating on a substrate (), wherein the coating comprises multiple layers (, , , ) which are arranged one over another and each has layer elements (, , , ) that lie adjacent to one another in a plane, and wherein the layer elements (, , , ) from adjacent ones of the layers (, , , ) are weakly connected together such that the layer elements (, , , ) from the adjacent layers are able to move relative to each other when the substrate () ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: derives a base motion vector to be used in predicting a current block to be encoded; derives a first motion vector different from the base motion vector; derives a motion vector difference based on a difference between the base motion vector and the first motion vector; determines whether the motion vector difference is greater than a threshold; modifies the first motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined to be greater than the threshold, and does not modify the first motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined not to be greater than the threshold; and encodes the current block using the first motion vector modified or the first motion vector not modified. 1the bitstream including: coding information indicating that a prediction mode for a current block to be processed is an affine mode; and syntax information according to which a computer performs a decoding process including:deriving a base motion vector to be used in predicting the current block;deriving a first motion vector different from the base motion vector;deriving a motion vector difference based on a difference between the base motion vector and the first motion vector;determining whether the motion vector difference is greater than a threshold;modifying a second motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined to be greater than the threshold, and does not modify the second motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined not to be greater than the threshold, the second motion vector being different from the base motion vector and the first motion vector; anddecoding the current block using the second motion vector modified or the second motion vector not modified.. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a bitstream, The present disclosure relates to an encoder and so on that encodes video.As a video coding standard, there has been H ...

ENCODER AND ENCODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and a memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation, determines whether or not a ternary split process of splitting a block into three sub blocks in a first direction parallel to a first longer side of the block is allowed by comparing a size of a second shorter side of the block to a minimum threshold value. The circuitry, responsive to the ternary split process being allowed, writes, into a bitstream, a split direction parameter indicative of a splitting direction. The circuitry, in operation, splits the block into a plurality of sub blocks in a direction indicated by the split direction parameter; and encodes the plurality of sub blocks. 1. An encoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry, determines whether or not a ternary split process of splitting a block into three sub blocks in a first direction parallel to a first longer side of the block is allowed by comparing a size of a second shorter side of the block to a minimum threshold value;', 'responsive to the ternary split process being allowed, writes, into a bitstream, a split direction parameter indicative of a splitting direction;', 'splits the block into a plurality of sub blocks in a direction indicated by the split direction parameter; and', 'encodes the plurality of sub blocks., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. An encoding method , comprising:determining whether or not a ternary split process of splitting a block into three sub blocks in a first direction parallel to a first longer side of the block is allowed by comparing a size of a second shorter side of the block to a minimum threshold value;responsive to the ternary split process being allowed, writing, into a bitstream, a split direction parameter indicative of a splitting direction;splitting the block into a plurality of sub blocks in a direction indicated by the split direction parameter; andencoding the plurality of sub blocks.3. A non-transitory computer readable medium ...

IMAGE ENCODING DEVICE, IMAGE DECODING DEVICE, IMAGE ENCODING METHOD, AND IMAGE DECODING METHOD

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for video coding. The systems include, for example, an image encoder comprising: circuitry; and a memory coupled to the circuitry, wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following: predicting a first block of prediction samples for a current block of a picture, wherein predicting the first block of prediction samples includes at least a prediction process with a motion vector from a different picture; padding the first block of prediction samples to form a second block of prediction samples, wherein the second block is larger than the first block; calculating at least a gradient using the second block of prediction samples; and encoding the current block using at least the calculated gradient. 1. An image encoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry,{'claim-text': ['predicting a first block of prediction samples for a current block of a picture, wherein predicting the first block of prediction samples includes at least a prediction process with a motion vector from a different picture;', 'padding the first block of prediction samples to form a second block of prediction samples, wherein the second block is larger than the first block;', 'calculating at least a gradient using the second block of prediction samples; and', 'encoding the current block using at least the calculated gradient.'], '#text': 'wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following:'}2. The image encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry performs one or more of the followings when padding the first block of prediction samples to form the second block of prediction samples:padding at least two sides of the first block of prediction samples to form the second block of prediction samples, wherein the at least two sides of the first block are not orthogonal;mirroring the prediction samples of the first block to form the second block of prediction samples;duplicating the prediction samples of the first block ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder, includes: circuitry; and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry: in inter prediction for a current block, determines a base motion vector, and writes, in an encoded signal, a delta motion vector representing (i) one direction among a plurality of directions including a diagonal direction and (ii) a distance from the base motion vector; and encodes the current block using the delta motion vector and the base motion vector as a motion vector of the current block. 115-. (canceled)16. An encoding method comprising:selecting a base motion vector from candidate motion vectors;selecting a direction of a delta motion vector from candidates including a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;determining a magnitude of the delta motion vector, the magnitude depending on precision of the delta motion vector;writing an index into a bitstream, the index indicating the magnitude; andmodifying the base motion vector using the delta motion vector to encode a current block.17. A decoding method comprising:selecting a base motion vector from candidate motion vectors;selecting a direction of a delta motion vector from candidates including a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;determining a magnitude of the delta motion vector according to (i) an index stored in a bitstream and (ii) precision of the delta motion vector; andmodifying the base motion vector using the delta motion vector to decode a current block.18. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a bitstream for causing a decoding process , the bitstream including an index which are used to determine a delta motion vector in the decoding process , the decoding processing comprising:selecting a base motion vector from candidate motion vectors;selecting a direction of a delta motion vector from candidates including a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;determining a magnitude of the delta ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

A decoder includes circuitry which, in operation, parses a first flag indicating whether a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process is enabled for a first block located adjacent to a left side of a current block; parses a second flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for a second block located adjacent to an upper side of the current block; determines a first index associated with a color component of the current block; and derives a second index indicating a context model, using the first flag, the second flag, and the first index. The circuitry, in operation, performs entropy decoding of a third flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for the current block, using the context model indicated by the second index; and performs the CCALF process on the current block in response to the third flag indicating the CCALF process is enabled for the current block. 1. A decoder , comprising:circuitry;memory coupled to the circuitry; parses a first flag indicating whether a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process is enabled for a first block, the first block located adjacent to a left side of a current block;', 'parses a second flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for a second block, the second block located adjacent to an upper side of the current block;', 'determines a first index associated with a color component of the current block;', 'derives a second index indicating a context model, using the first flag, the second flag, and the first index;', 'performs entropy decoding of a third flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for the current block, using the context model indicated by the second index, and', 'performs the CCALF process on the current block in response to the third flag indicating the CCALF process is enabled for the current block., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. The decoder of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,the circuitry sets a value of the first index to 0 in response ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An image encoder or decoder includes circuitry and a memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation, predicts a first set of samples for a first partition of a current picture with one or more motion vectors including a first motion vector and predicts a second set of samples for a first portion of the first partition with one or more motion vectors from a second partition different from the first partition. The samples of the first set of samples of the first portion of the first partition and of the second set of samples of the first portion of the first partition are weighted. A motion vector for the first portion of the first partition is stored which is based on one or both of the first motion vector and the second motion vector. The first partition is encoded or decoded using at least the weighted samples of the first portion of the first partition. 1. An image encoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry; predicts a first set of samples for a first partition of a current picture with one or more motion vectors including a first motion vector;', 'predicts a second set of samples for a first portion of the first partition with one or more motion vectors from a second partition different from the first partition;', 'weights samples of the first set of samples of the first portion of the first partition and the second set of samples of the first portion of the first partition;', 'stores a motion vector for the first portion of the first partition based on one or both of the first motion vector and the second motion vector; and', 'encodes the first partition using at least the weighted samples of the first portion of the first partition., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation:generates the second motion vector.3. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the first motion vector is a uni-prediction motion vector.4. The encoder of claim 3 , wherein the second motion ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation, generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process to a first reconstructed image sample of a luma component, generates a second coefficient value by applying an ALF (adaptive loop filtering) process to a second reconstructed image sample of a chroma component, and clips the second coefficient value. The circuitry generates a third coefficient value by adding the first coefficient value to the clipped second coefficient value, and clips the third coefficient value. The circuitry encodes a third reconstructed image sample of the chroma component using the clipped third coefficient value. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process to a first reconstructed image sample of a luma component;', 'generates a second coefficient value by applying an ALF (adaptive loop filtering) process to a second reconstructed image sample of a chroma component;', 'clips the second coefficient value;', 'generates a third coefficient value by adding the first coefficient value to the clipped second coefficient value;', 'clips the third coefficient value; and', 'encodes a third reconstructed image sample of the chroma component using the clipped third coefficient value., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the first reconstructed image sample is located adjacent to the second reconstructed image sample.364. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , sets the first coefficient value to zero in response to the first coefficient value being less than .4. A decoder claim 1 , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry which generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF process to a first reconstructed image sample of a luma component; generates a second coefficient value by applying an ALF process to a second reconstructed image sample of a chroma component; generates a third coefficient value by adding the first coefficient value to the second coefficient value; and encodes a third reconstructed image sample of the chroma component using the third coefficient value. The circuitry writes a first parameter into a sequence parameter set; writes a second parameter into a parameter set of a picture in response to a value of the first parameter being 1; writes a third parameter into a slice header in response to the value of the first parameter being 1; and writes a fourth parameter into a coding tree unit in response to a value of the third parameter being 1. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process to a first reconstructed image sample of a luma component;', 'generates a second coefficient value by applying an ALF (adaptive loop filtering) process to a second reconstructed image sample of a chroma component;', 'generates a third coefficient value by adding the first coefficient value to the second coefficient value;', 'encodes a third reconstructed image sample of the chroma component using the third coefficient value;', 'writing a first parameter into a sequence parameter set;', 'writing a second parameter into a parameter set of a picture in response to a value of the first parameter being 1;', 'writing a third parameter into a slice header in response to the value of the first parameter being 1; and', 'writing a fourth parameter into a coding tree unit in response to a value of the third parameter being 1, the fourth parameter indicating a filter to be used in the CCALF process., 'wherein the circuitry, ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: encodes information for deriving a parameter into a header of a bitstream; filters reconstructed samples in a first image using a filtering process, to generate a second image; determines whether the parameter has a predefined value; encodes a third image using the second image when the parameter has the predefined value; and encodes the third image using the first image when the parameter does not have the predefined value. 1. An encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry,wherein, in operation, the circuitry:encodes information for deriving a parameter into a header of a bitstream;filters reconstructed samples in a first image using a filtering process, to generate a second image;determines whether the parameter has a predefined value;encodes a third image using the second image when the parameter has the predefined value; andencodes the third image using the first image when the parameter does not have the predefined value.2. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the header is an adaptation parameter set (APS).3. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the header is a sequence parameter set (SPS).4. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the header is a picture parameter set (PPS).5. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the header is one of a slice header and a tile header.6. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the header is a brick header.7. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the header is supplemental enhancement information (SEI).8. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the filtering process includes an adaptive loop filtering process.9. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the filtering process includes a cross component adaptive loop filtering process.10. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the filtering process includes a deblocking filtering process.11. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder according to one aspect of the present disclosure encodes a block of an image, and includes a processor and memory connected to the processor. Using the memory, the processor partitions a block into a plurality of sub blocks and encodes a sub block included in the plurality of sub blocks in an encoding process including at least a transform process or a prediction process. The block is partitioned using a multiple partition including at least three odd-numbered child nodes and each of a width and a height of each of the plurality of sub blocks is a power of two. 1. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a bitstream , comprising:the bitstream including a parameter according to which a decoder performs:determining prediction mode information;determining a set of partition modes in accordance with the prediction mode information;parsing the parameter from the bitstream;selecting a partition mode from the set of partition modes in accordance with the parameter;partitioning a block into a plurality of sub blocks using the selected partition mode; anddecoding a sub block included in the plurality of sub blocks in a decoding process, wherein the decoder performs:partitioning the block into three sub blocks in response to the parameter indicating a first value, each of a width and a height of each of the three sub blocks being a power of two; andpartitioning the block into an even number of sub blocks in response to the parameter indicating a second value, the second value being different from the first value, each of the even number of sub blocks having a same size.2. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 1 , wherein the decoder performs:determining a first set of partition modes in response to the prediction mode information indicating an inter prediction mode; anddetermining a second set of partition modes in response to the prediction mode information indicating an intra prediction mode, a partition mode included in the ...

Device and method for processing strip-type substrates

The invention relates first to a device for processing a strip-type substrate (), in particular by coating, in a processing chamber (), using a processing roller () mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation () in the processing chamber (), such that the substrate (), which is unwound from a first coil () with which it is in contact in a helical pattern is processed continuously, wherein the processed, in particular coated, substrate () is wound onto a second coil (), wherein a gas inlet/outlet device () is provided for generating a gas stream () directed essentially in parallel to the axis of rotation (). In addition, the invention relates to a method for coating a strip-type substrate () in a device. 112318216178910111218. A device for processing a strip-type substrate () , in particular by coating , in a processing chamber () , using a processing roller () mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation () in the processing chamber () , such that the substrate () , which is unwound from a first coil () with which it is in contact in a helical pattern , is processed continuously , wherein the processed , in particular coated , substrate () is wound onto a second coil () , wherein a gas inlet/outlet device ( , , ) is provided for generating a gas stream ( , ) directed essentially in parallel to the axis of rotation () , forming a gas flow field extending around the entire circumference of the processing roller.2891089. The device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the gas inlet/outlet device ( claim 1 , claim 1 , ) has a gas inlet element ( claim 1 , ).3891010. The device according to claim 2 , characterized in that the gas inlet/outlet device ( claim 2 , claim 2 , ) has a gas inlet element ().489. The device according to claim 2 , characterized in that the gas inlet element ( claim 2 , ) is designed in a ring shape.510. The device according to claim 4 , characterized in that the gas outlet element () is designed in a ring shape.64518. The device according ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: derives a base motion vector to be used in predicting a current block to be encoded; derives a first motion vector different from the base motion vector; derives a motion vector difference based on a difference between the base motion vector and the first motion vector; determines whether the motion vector difference is greater than a threshold; modifies the first motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined to be greater than the threshold, and does not modify the first motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined not to be greater than the threshold; and encodes the current block using the first motion vector modified or the first motion vector not modified. 1. An encoder that encodes a video , the encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, whereina prediction mode for a current block to be encoded is an affine mode, andin operation, the circuitry:derives a base motion vector to be used in predicting the current block;derives a first motion vector different from the base motion vector;derives a motion vector difference based on a difference between the base motion vector and the first motion vector;determines whether the motion vector difference is greater than a threshold;modifies a second motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined to be greater than the threshold, and does not modify the second motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined not to be greater than the threshold, the second motion vector being different from the base motion vector and the first motion vector; andencodes the current block using the second motion vector modified or the second motion vector not modified.2. (canceled)3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry modifies the first motion vector using a value obtained by clipping the motion vector difference, when the motion vector ...

Device for depositing nanotubes

A device is provided for depositing carbonaceous structures, for example layers in the form of nanotubes or graphene on a substrate, which is supported by a substrate support disposed in a process chamber housing. A process gas can be delivered onto the substrate through gas outlet openings of a gas inlet element disposed in the process chamber housing. The process chamber housing has two opposing walls which each have holding recesses. At least one plate-shaped component is disposed in the process chamber housing. The plate-shaped component has two edge portions directed away from one another that each are inserted respectively in the holding recess of one of the two opposing walls.

ENCODER, DECODER, AND MEDIUM

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry encodes second information indicating whether first information is present in a bitstream, the first information being regarding a subpicture which is a rectangular region in a picture, the picture including slices, and when the second information indicates that the first information is present in the bitstream, each of the slices is a rectangular slice and has a subpicture index indicating a subpicture to which the slice belongs. 1. An encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, whereinthe circuitry encodes second information indicating whether first information is present in a bitstream, the first information being regarding a subpicture which is a rectangular region in a picture, the picture including slices, andwhen the second information indicates that the first information is present in the bitstream, each of the slices is a rectangular slice and has a subpicture index indicating a subpicture to which the slice belongs.2. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the subpicture includes two or more slices among the slices.3. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the rectangular slice is different from a raster scan slice including a plurality of tiles which are continuous in a raster scan order.4. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the picture includes a plurality of subpictures,the plurality of subpictures are identical with the slices, andfor each of the slices, the subpicture index of the slice has a same value as an index of the slice.5. A decoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, whereinthe circuitry decodes second information indicating whether first information is present in a bitstream, the first information being regarding a subpicture which is a rectangular region in a picture, the picture including slices, andwhen the second information indicates that the first information is present in the bitstream, each of the ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder capable of properly handling an image to be encoded or decoded includes processing circuitry and memory connected to the processing circuitry. Using the memory, the processing circuitry: obtains parameters including at least one of (i) one or more parameters related to a first process for correcting distortion in an image captured with a wide angle lens and (ii) one or more parameters related to a second process for stitching a plurality of images; generates an encoded image by encoding a current image to be processed that is based on the image or the plurality of images; and writes the parameters into a bitstream including the encoded image. 1. An encoder , comprising:processing circuitry and memory connected to the processing circuitry, obtains parameters including at least one of (i) one or more parameters related to a first process for correcting distortion in an image captured with a wide angle lens and (ii) one or more parameters related to a second process for stitching a plurality of images;', 'generates an encoded image by encoding a current image to be processed that is based on the image or the plurality of images; and', 'writes the parameters into a bitstream including the encoded image., 'wherein, using the memory, the processing circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinwhen writing the parameters, the processing circuitry writes the parameters into supplemental enhancement information (SEI) in the bitstream,when encoding the current image, the processing circuitry adapts, on a block by block basis, an encoding process based on the parameters, to encode each block included in the current image, andthe encoding process includes at least one of an inter prediction process and a picture reconstruction process.3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinwhen writing the parameters, the processing circuitry writes the one or more parameters related to the second process into supplemental enhancement information (SEI) in the bitstream ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation: determines whether a size of a current block, which is a unit for which a vector candidate list including vector candidates is generated, is less than or equal to a threshold; when the size of the current block is less than or equal to the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by registering a history-based motion vector predictor (HMVP) vector candidate in the vector candidate list from an HMVP table without performing a first pruning process; when the size of the current block is greater than the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by performing the first pruning process and registering the HMVP vector candidate in the vector candidate list from the HMVP table; and encodes the current block using the vector candidate list. 1. An encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry,wherein the circuitry, in operation:in generation of a prediction image of a current block, uses an intra block copy (IBC) mode in which a processed region of a picture that includes the current block is referred to;determines whether a size of the current block is less than or equal to a threshold, the current block being a unit for which a vector candidate list including vector candidates is generated;when the size of the current block is less than or equal to the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by registering a history-based motion vector predictor (HMVP) vector candidate in the vector candidate list from an HMVP table without performing a first pruning process, the HMVP table storing, by a first-in first-out (FIFO) method, first vector candidates each as the HMVP vector candidate, the first vector candidates each having information regarding a first vector used for a processed block;when the size of the current block is greater than the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by performing the first pruning process and registering the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry, in operation, generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process to a first reconstructed image sample of a luma component. The circuitry generates a second coefficient value by applying an ALF (adaptive loop filtering) process to a second reconstructed image sample of a chroma component. The circuitry generates a third coefficient value by adding the first coefficient value to the second coefficient value, and encodes a third reconstructed image sample of the chroma component using the third coefficient value. In the CCALF process, in response to a coordinate of the second reconstructed image sample being (x, y), coordinates of the first reconstructed image samples are (2x, 2y−1), (2x−1, 2y), (2x, 2y), (2x+1, 2y), (2x−1, 2y+1), (2x, 2y+1), (2x+1, 2y+1), and (2x, 2y+2). 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry;wherein the circuitry, in operation:generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) filter to first reconstructed image samples of a luma component;generates a second coefficient value by applying an ALF (adaptive loop filtering) process to a second reconstructed image sample of a chroma component;generates a third coefficient value by adding the first coefficient value to the second coefficient value, andencodes a third reconstructed image sample of the chroma component using the third coefficient value:wherein in applying the CCALF filter,in response to a coordinate of the second reconstructed image sample being (x, y), coordinates of the first reconstructed image samples are (2x, 2y−1), (2x−1, 2y), (2x, 2y), (2x+1, 2y), (2x−1, 2y+1), (2x, 2y+1), (2x+1, 2y+1), and (2x, 2y+2).2. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,the CCALF filter is 8 taps filter having a 3×4 diamond shape.3. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,the first coefficient value is generated by ...

Systems and methods for biological analysis

A biological analysis system is provided. The system comprises a sample block assembly. The sample block assembly comprises a sample block configured to accommodate a sample holder, the sample holder configured to receive a plurality of samples. The system also comprises a control system configured to cycle the plurality of samples through a series of temperatures. The system further comprises an automated tray comprising a slide assembly, the tray configured to reversibly slide the sample block assembly from a closed to an open position to allow user access to the plurality of sample holders.

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

Provided is an encoder which includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry encodes an image block using the memory. In encoding the image block, the circuitry: obtains one or more size parameters related to a size of the image block; determines whether the one or more size parameters and one or more thresholds satisfy a determined relationship; encodes a split parameter when the one or more size parameters and the one or more thresholds are determined to satisfy the determined relationship, the split parameter indicating whether the image block is to be split into a plurality of partitions including a non-rectangular partition; and encodes the image block after splitting the image block into the plurality of partitions when the split parameter indicates that the image block is to be split into the plurality of partitions. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory, whereinthe circuitry encodes an image block using the memory, and obtains the image block from a coding tree unit (CTU);', 'obtains one or more first parameters related to a size of the image block;', 'determines whether the one or more first parameters and one or more thresholds satisfy one or more determined relationships;', 'encodes a second parameter when the one or more first parameters and the one or more thresholds are determined to satisfy the one or more determined relationships, the second parameter indicating that a plurality of partitions are determined within the image block, the plurality of partitions including a non-rectangular partition; and', 'encodes the plurality of partitions after determining the plurality of partitions within the image block when the second parameter indicates that the plurality of partitions are determined within the image block, wherein', 'the one or more thresholds comprise one threshold; and', 'the one or more determined relationships are that each of the one or more first parameters is greater than or equal to the one threshold., 'in encoding the image ...

IMAGE DECODER AND DECODING METHOD

An image decoder parses an encoded bistream to obtain a first parameter and a second parameter, and derives a partition mode based on the first and second parameters. Responsive to the derived partition mode being a first partition mode, the image decoder executes the first partition mode including; splitting a block of a picture into a plurality of first blocks including a N×2N block sized N pixels by 2N pixels; splitting the N×2N block, wherein a ternary split is allowed to split the N×2N block in a vertical direction, which is a direction along the 2N pixels, into a plurality of sub blocks including at least one sub block sized N/4×2N, while a binary split is not allowed to split the N×2N block in the vertical direction into two sub blocks that are equally sized N/2×2N; and decoding the plurality of sub blocks. 1. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a bitstream , the bitstream including instructions and parameters which , when loaded to an image decoder , cause the image decoder to perform a process including: andparsing an encoded bitstream to obtain a first parameter and a second parameter;deriving a partition mode based on the first and second parameters;wherein, splitting a block of a picture, in a vertical direction or in a horizontal direction, into a plurality of first blocks, the plurality of first blocks including a N×2N block sized N pixels by 2N pixels;', 'splitting the N×2N block, wherein a ternary split is allowed to split the N×2N block in the vertical direction, which is a direction along the 2N pixels, into a plurality of sub blocks including at least one sub block sized N/4×2N, while a binary split is not allowed to split the N×2N block in the vertical direction into two sub blocks that are equally sized N/2×2N; and', 'decoding the plurality of sub blocks., 'responsive to the derived partition mode being a first partition mode, the process includes executing the first partition mode including2. The computer readable medium according ...

User equipment, scheduling node, method for user equipment, and method for scheduling node

The disclosure relates to a communication device, a base station and respective methods for a communication device a base station. More specifically, the base station transmits (S930) and the communication device receives (S1030) downlink control information, DCI, signaling The DCI signaling includes (S1040) an indication that is related to the dormancy behavior of a secondary cell, Scell. The Scell is configured with a plurality of bandwidth parts, BWPs, and the plurality of BWPs includes a dormant BWP and one or more normal BWPs. If the indication indicates transitioning from dormancy behavior to non-dormancy behavior, a target BWP for performing non-dormancy behavior is determined (S1060). The determination of the target BWP is performed, in particular, in accordance with at least one of: a priority order of the one or more normal BWPs, a predefined or preconfigured BWP, a legacy BWP indicator field in the DCI signaling, a most recently active normal BWP, and the dormant BWP.

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry writes, into a bitstream, a first flag indicating whether or not to enable a first process of applying a filter to a first image to generate a second image, holding the second image as a reference image, and displaying the second image. When the first process is not enabled, circuitry writes, into the bitstream, one or more parameters for controlling a second process of applying the filter to the first image to generate the second image, holding the first image as a reference image, and displaying the second image. 1. An encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, wherein writes, into a bitstream, a first flag indicating whether or not to enable a first process of applying a filter to a first image to generate a second image, holding the second image as a reference image, and displaying the second image; and', 'when the first process is not enabled, writes, into the bitstream, one or more parameters for controlling a second process of applying the filter to the first image to generate the second image, holding the first image as a reference image, and displaying the second image., 'in operation, the circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry writes the first flag into a video parameter set (VPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), or a picture header in the bitstream.3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry writes the one or more parameters for controlling the second process into supplemental enhancement information (SEI), a picture header, or a slice header in the bitstream.4. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe one or more parameters for controlling the second process include a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating whether or not the second process is enabled, the second parameter indicating a component to which the filter is to be ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory connected to the circuitry, and the circuitry, in operation: determines, based on a width and a height of a block, whether or not to disable a prediction mode in which the block is split along a partitioning line defined by a distance and an angle and then prediction is performed; and encodes the block with the prediction mode disabled or not disabled according to a result of the determination on whether or not to disable the prediction mode. Here, the distance is the shortest distance between the center of the block and the partitioning line, and the angle is an angle representing a direction from the center of the block toward the partitioning line in the shortest distance. The circuitry determines to disable the prediction mode when (i) a width-to-height ratio is at least 8 or (ii) a height-to-width ratio is at least 8. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory connected to the circuitry, determines a mode to be applied to a block from a plurality of merge modes based on a width of the block and a height of the block,', 'when the mode determined is a first mode, stores in a bitstream an index indicating a distance and an angle that define two partitions in the block, and encodes the block using the first mode, and', 'disables storing of the index in the bitstream when (i) the width is at least 8 times as much as the height or (ii) the height is at least 8 times as much as the width., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation,'}2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry disables the storing of the index in the bitstream when (i) the width is 64 pixels and the height is 8 pixels or (ii) the width is 8 pixels and the height is 64 pixels.3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereina line that determines shapes of the two partitions in the block is defined by the distance and the angle,the distance is a distance between a center of the block and the line, andthe angle is an angle related to the line.4. A ...

ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEM

An electrosurgical system includes an electrosurgical generator and an electrosurgical instrument with opposing first and second jaw members movable relative to one another between open and closed positions. The first and second jaw member include, respectively, a cutting electrode and at least a first sealing electrode separated therefrom by an insulating member, and at least a second sealing electrode. The generator includes an energy source for producing at least a cutting RF waveform, first, second and third output connections connected to the cutting electrode, first sealing electrode and second sealing electrode, respectively, and a switching circuit rapidly alternating between a first condition to direct the cutting RF waveform between the first and second output connections and hence the cutting and first sealing electrodes, and a second condition to direct the cutting RF waveform between the first and third output connections, and hence the cutting and second sealing electrodes. 1. An electrosurgical system including an electrosurgical instrument and an electrosurgical generator , a pair of opposing first and second jaw members, at least one of the jaw members being movable relative to the other between a first open position in which the jaw members are disposed in a spaced relation relative to one another, and a second closed position in which the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween,', 'the first jaw member including a cutting electrode and at least a first sealing electrode separated from the cutting electrode by an insulating member therebetween,', 'the second jaw member including at least a second sealing electrode, the electrosurgical generator including', 'a source of radio frequency energy capable of producing at least a cutting RF waveform,', 'first, second and third output connections connected to the cutting electrode, first sealing electrode and second sealing electrode respectively of the electrosurgical instrument,', 'the ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING BUNDLES OF NANOFILAMENTS

A device can be used as an electrode for a lithium-ion battery. The device comprises an electrically conductive substrate to the surface of which nanofilaments having an ion-absorbing coating are applied. The nanofilaments are combined by the application of light into a plurality of bundles, each having multiple nanofilaments. A spacer gap is formed between neighboring bundles. 1. A method , comprising:{'b': 2', '1', '2', '1, 'uniformly arranging nanofilaments () over a surface of an electrically conductive substrate (), wherein each of the nanofilaments () has a fixed end connected to the electrically conductive substrate () and a free end; and'}{'b': 2', '18', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'exposing the nanofilaments () to light from a first light source () of such an intensity that the light causes the respective free ends of a plurality of adjacent nanofilaments () to abut each other so as to form bundles () of nanofilaments (), wherein the bundles () are separated from one another by spaces.'}22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanofilaments () are carbon nanotubes (CNT).33. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cross-sectional distance through one of the bundles () is between 0.5 and 5 μm.453543. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying an ion-absorbing coating () to the bundles () claim 1 , the ion-absorbing coating () comprising nanoparticles () that are connected to one another and to the bundles ().54. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticles () comprise at least one of silicon claim 4 , sulfur claim 4 , titanium oxide claim 4 , a phosphite claim 4 , a nitrite claim 4 , carbon claim 4 , SiO claim 4 , TiO claim 4 , CrO claim 4 , LiCoO claim 4 , LiTiO claim 4 , LiNiO claim 4 , LiMnO claim 4 , LiFePO claim 4 , LiCoPO claim 4 , LiMnPO claim 4 , VO claim 4 , Ge claim 4 , Sn claim 4 , Pb or ZnO.618. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first light source () comprises a xenon lamp or a laser.7182. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light from the first ...

SUBSTRATE CARRIER THAT CARRIES A SUBSTRATE ON EACH OF TWO BROAD SIDES OF THE SUBSTRATE CARRIER THAT FACE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER

A substrate carrier is configured to be arranged in a CVD or PVD reactor, in particular for the deposition of carbon nanotubes or graphene. The substrate carrier has a first broadside surface and a second broadside surface facing away from the first broad-side surface. The first broadside surface and the second broadside surface of the substrate carrier each have a substrate accommodation zone. Fastening elements are provided within each of the substrate accommodation zones to secure a substrate or sections of a substrate to one or more of the broadside surfaces. A CVD reactor is further configured to receive the substrate carrier. 1232241414156623514141566314541144712118910. A substrate carrier having a first broadside face () and a second broadside face () facing away from the first broadside face () , wherein the first broadside face () includes a first substrate-receiving zone () in which a first plurality of fixing elements ( , ′ , ) are configured to fasten a first substrate () or a first portion of the first substrate () onto the first broadside face () , and the second broadside face () includes a second substrate-receiving zone () in which a second plurality of fixing elements ( , ′ , ) are configured to fasten a second substrate () or a second portion of the first substrate () onto the second broadside face () , characterized in that the substrate carrier () is a solid flat body , and the first and second substrate-receiving zones ( , ) are bounded by two first peripheries (′) that face away from one another , and two second peripheries () that extend transverse to the first peripheries (′) , wherein adjoined to each of the first peripheries (′) is a handling portion () which comprises (i) two protrusions () that each protrude beyond a corresponding one of the second peripheries () , or (ii) window-type openings ( , , ).21. The substrate carrier of claim 1 , the substrate carrier () is composed of quartz.345. The substrate carrier of claim 1 , wherein the ...

CONVEYOR DEVICE FOR A SUBSTRATE

A device for transporting a strip-type substrate through a reactor includes transport elements for holding the substrate. The transport elements are displaceable by a drive unit in a transport direction. The transport elements have first transport beams and second transport beams that engage in alternation on the substrate, in which the transport beams that engage the substrate move in the transport direction and the transport beams that do not engage the substrate move in a reverse direction opposite to the transport direction. The device further includes transport carriages that are arranged in pairs in the transport direction respectively upstream and downstream of the reactor. 1120. A device for transporting a strip-shaped substrate () through a reactor () , the device comprising:{'b': 15', '15', '1, 'a horizontal drive (, ′) for displacing the substrate () in a transport direction (V);'}{'b': 3', '3', '4', '4', '5', '5', '6', '6', '1, 'transport elements (, ′, , ′, , ′, , ′) for holding the substrate (),'}{'b': 3', '3', '4', '4', '5', '5', '6', '6', '1, 'wherein the transport elements comprise first transport beams (, ′, , ′) and second transport beams (, ′, , ′) that alternately engage the substrate (),'}{'b': '1', 'wherein when the first transport beams engage the substrate () and move in the transport direction (V), the second transport beams are configured to not engage the substrate and move in a reverse direction (R) opposite to the transport direction (V), and'}{'b': 3', '3', '4', '4', '5', '5', '6', '6', '9', '9', '10', '10', '11', '11', '12', '12', '2', '2', '1, 'wherein the first transport beams and second transport beams (, ′, , ′, , ′, , ′) feature clamping surfaces (, ′, , ′, , ′, , ′) for clamping an edge (, ′) of the substrate () between two of the clamping surfaces.'}2131420131420. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a first pair of transport carriages ( claim 1 , ) arranged upstream of the reactor () and a second pair of transport ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory connected to the circuitry. The circuitry: derives an absolute value of a sum of gradient values in first and second ranges; derives, as a first parameter, a total sum of absolute values of sums of gradient values derived respectively for pairs of relative pixel positions; derives a pixel difference value between pixel values in the first and second ranges; inverts or maintains a plus or minus sign of the pixel difference value, according to a plus or minus sign of the sum of the gradient values indicating the sum of the gradient values in the first and second ranges; derives, as a second parameter, a total sum of pixel difference values each having the plus or minus sign inverted or maintained, the pixel difference values derived respectively for the relative pixel positions; and generates a prediction image using the first and second parameters. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory connected to the circuitry,wherein, in operation, the circuitry:derives an absolute value of a sum of gradient values which indicates an absolute value of a sum of a gradient value at a relative pixel position in a first range and a gradient value at a relative pixel position in a second range, for each of a plurality of pairs of a relative pixel position in the first range and a relative pixel position in the second range among a plurality of pairs of relative pixel positions, the first range including a first reference block for a current block, the second range including a second reference block for the current block, the plurality of pairs of relative pixel positions being determined commonly and relatively for the first range and the second range;derives, as a first parameter, a total sum of a plurality of absolute values of sums of gradient values derived respectively for the plurality of pairs of relative pixel positions;derives a pixel difference value which indicates a difference between a pixel value at the relative pixel ...

ENCODING METHOD, DECODING METHOD, ENCODING APPARATUS, DECODING APPARATUS, AND ENCODING AND DECODING APPARATUS

To provide an encoding method for reducing deterioration in encoding efficiency when encoding a video/an image by selecting one operation mode out of a number of operation modes. The encoding method includes: extracting one or more features from one or more reconstructed pixel groups; categorizing the one or more reconstructed pixel groups using the extracted one or more features and a first machine learning model; and performing an encoding process on a current block of image samples included in a current picture using a parameter set corresponding to a result of the categorizing, the parameter set being one of a plurality of predefined parameter sets. 1. An encoding method , comprising:extracting one or more features from one or more reconstructed pixel groups;categorizing the one or more reconstructed pixel groups using the extracted one or more features and a first machine learning model; andperforming an encoding process on a current block of image samples included in a current picture using a parameter set corresponding to a result of the categorizing, the parameter set being one of a plurality of predefined parameter sets.2. The encoding method according to claim 1 , further comprising:writing a control parameter to a header of a bitstream;when the written control parameter has a predefined value:performing the categorizing of the one or more reconstructed pixel groups using the extracted one or more features and the first machine learning model; andperforming the encoding process on the current block using the parameter set corresponding to the result of the categorizing, andwhen the written control parameter does not have the predefined value,performing the encoding process on the current block using a predetermined parameter set.3. The encoding method according to claim 1 , further comprising:writing a control parameter to a header of a bitstream;when the written control parameter has a predefined value,performing the categorizing of the one or more ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory connected to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: corrects a base motion vector using a correction value for correcting the base motion vector in a predetermined direction; and encodes a current partition to be encoded in an image of a video, using the base motion vector corrected. The correction value is specified by a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a table to be selected from among a plurality of tables each including values, the second parameter indicating one of the values included in the table to be selected indicated by the first parameter. In each of the plurality of tables, a smaller value among the values is assigned a smaller index. Each of the plurality of tables includes a different minimum value among the values. 1. An encoder that encodes a video , the encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory connected to the circuitry, corrects a base motion vector using a correction value for correcting the base motion vector in a predetermined direction; and', 'encodes a current partition to be encoded in an image of the video, using the base motion vector corrected,, 'wherein, in operation, the circuitrythe correction value is specified by a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a table to be selected from among a plurality of tables each including values, the second parameter indicating one of the values included in the table to be selected indicated by the first parameter,in each of the plurality of tables, a smaller value among the values is assigned a smaller index, andeach of the plurality of tables includes a different minimum value among the values.2. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the plurality of tables include a first table including the values that include a sub-pixel value, and a second table including the values that include only an integer-pixel value.3. The encoder according to claim 2 ,wherein a candidate value in the ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory connected to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: selects a first table to be used for a current partition to be encoded in an image of a video, from among tables that are used to correct a base motion vector in a predetermined direction using a correction value specified by an index, the tables including correction values having varying differences between indexes; writes a parameter indicating a first index to be selected from among indexes included in the first table; and encodes the current partition using the base motion vector corrected using a correction value specified by the first index. 1. An encoder that encodes a video , the encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory connected to the circuitry, selects a first table to be used for a current partition to be encoded in an image of the video, from among a plurality of tables that are used to correct a base motion vector in a predetermined direction using a correction value specified by an index, the plurality of tables including correction values having varying differences between indexes;', 'writes a parameter indicating a first index to be selected from among indexes included in the first table; and', 'encodes the current partition using the base motion vector corrected using a correction value specified by the first index., 'wherein, in operation, the circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the circuitry selects the first table by parsing a first parameter that specifies the first table among the plurality of tables.3. The encoder according to claim 2 ,wherein the circuitry obtains a slice header of a current slice including the current partition, andthe first parameter is written in the slice header.4. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the circuitry selects the first table from among the plurality of tables using a motion vector in an encoded frame.5. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the circuitry selects the first table from ...

METHOD OF REMOVING AN APPENDIX

A method of removing an appendix () includes the steps of accessing the abdomen of a patient, insufflating the abdominal cavity, and sealing and cutting the appendicular artery and vein. A sheath is introduced into the abdominal cavity and placed over the appendix, while the appendix is still attached to the colon. The sheath is secured the sheath in place over the appendix using a securing device to secure the sheath with respect to the proximal end of the appendix, and then the proximal end of the appendix is ligated. The appendix is dissected from the colon, and the sheath containing the appendix is removed from the abdomen of the patient. The procedure can be a NOTES procedure, using a natural orifice, or laparoscopic using one or more incisions created in the abdomen. The ligation and dissection can be performed within the abdomen, or after the appendix is pulled through one of the incisions, such that the ligation and/or dissection is carried out outside the abdomen. 1. A method of removing an appendix of a patient comprising the steps of:a) accessing the abdomen of the patient,b) insufflating the abdominal cavity,c) sealing the appendicular artery and vein of the patient,d) cutting the appendicular artery and vein,e) introducing a sheath into the abdominal cavity and placing the sheath over the appendix while the appendix is still attached to the colon,and then, in any order,f) ligating the proximal end of the appendix,g) dissecting the appendix from the colon, andh) removing the sheath containing the appendix from the abdomen of the patient.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the appendix is firstly ligated in step f) within the patient claim 1 , the appendix is secondly dissected in step g) within the patient claim 1 , and the sheath is thirdly removed containing the dissected appendix in step h).3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein ligation and dissection of the appendix of steps f) and g) takes place after removal of the sheath containing the ...

PREPARING A SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE FOR EPITAXIAL DEPOSITION

Provided is a method of epitaxial deposition, which involves dry-etching a semiconductor substrate with a fluorine containing species and exposing the dry-etched substrate to hydrogen atoms, prior to epitaxially depositing a semiconductor layer to the surface of the substrate. 1. A method of epitaxial deposition comprisinga) obtaining a semiconductor substrate having i) a bulk semiconductor and ii) a surface oxide layer over the bulk semiconductor;b) dry-etching the substrate with a fluorine containing species to remove the surface oxide layer and thereby expose a surface of the bulk semiconductor;c) exposing the surface of the bulk semiconductor to hydrogen atoms; andd) then epitaxially depositing a semiconductor layer on the surface of the bulk semiconductor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon substrate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the epitaxially deposited semiconductor layer is a Group III-V semiconductor layer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein after said exposing and before said depositing the surface of the bulk semiconductor is not exposed to water vapor claim 1 , oxygen or adventitious carbon.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said dry etching comprises decomposing NFto produce said fluorine containing species using plasma.6. The method of wherein said dry-etching is performed at a temperature of the substrate being from 130 to 650° C.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein no direct plasma is in direct contact with the substrate during the dry-etching.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said exposing comprises decomposing Hby a plasma to produce said hydrogen atoms.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein no direct plasma is in direct contact with the substrate during the exposing of the substrate to the hydrogen atoms.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said exposing is performed at a first elevated temperature and said epitaxially depositing is performed at a second elevated temperature and wherein the method comprises ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory connected to the circuitry. The circuitry: derives an absolute value of a sum of horizontal gradient values; derives, as a first parameter, the total sum of the absolute values of horizontal gradient values; derives, as a second parameter, the total sum of the absolute values of vertical gradient values; derives a horizontal-related pixel difference value; derives, as a third parameter, the total sum of the absolute values of horizontal-related pixel difference values; derives a vertical-related pixel difference value; derives, as a fourth parameter, the total sum of the absolute values of vertical-related pixel difference values; and generates a prediction image using the first to fourth parameters. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory connected to the circuitry,wherein, in operation, the circuitry:derives an absolute value of a sum of horizontal gradient values which indicates an absolute value of a sum of a horizontal gradient value at a relative pixel position in a first range and a horizontal gradient value at a relative pixel position in a second range, for each of a plurality of pairs of a relative pixel position in the first range and a relative pixel position in the second range among a plurality of pairs of relative pixel positions, the first range including a first reference block for a current block, the second range including a second reference block for the current block, the plurality of pairs of relative pixel positions being determined commonly and relatively for the first range and the second range;derives, as a first parameter, a total sum of a plurality of absolute values of sums of horizontal gradient values derived respectively for the plurality of pairs of relative pixel positions;derives an absolute value of a sum of vertical gradient values which indicates an absolute value of a sum of a vertical gradient value at the relative pixel position in the first range and a vertical gradient value ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, DECODING METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM

An encoder partitions into blocks using a set of block partition modes. The set of block partition modes includes a first partition mode for partitioning a first block, and a second block partition mode for partitioning a second block which is one of blocks obtained after the first block is partitioned. When the number of partitions of the first block partition mode is three, the second block is a center block among the blocks obtained after partitioning the first block, and the partition direction of the second block partition mode is same as the partition direction of the first block partition mode, the second block partition mode indicates that the number of partitions is only three. A parameter for identifying the second block partition mode includes a first flag indicating a horizontal or vertical partition direction, and does not include a second flag indicating the number of partitions. 1. A decoder that decodes an encoded signal in a bitstream , the decoder comprising:circuitry; and partitions the encoded signal into three blocks in a first direction, the first direction being one of a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, the three blocks including a center block provided between other blocks in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;', 'partitions the center block into three sub-blocks in the first direction according to partition information in the bitstream; and', 'decodes the three sub-blocks, wherein', 'partitioning of the center block into two sub-blocks is inhibited, and', 'the partition information includes a first flag indicating whether the center block is to be partitioned in the first direction, and the partition information does not include a second flag indicating a total number of sub-blocks into which the center block is to be partitioned., 'memory, wherein using the memory, the circuitry2. A decoding method , comprising:partitioning an encoded signal into three blocks in a first direction, the first direction being ...

ENCODER AND DECODER

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation, determines whether a first block is available and whether a second block is available, the first block and the second block being defined relative to a current block to be processed; selects a context model based on whether the first block is available, whether the second block is available, which of inter prediction and intra prediction is to be applied to the first block, and which of inter prediction and intra prediction is to be applied to the second block; and encodes, using the context model selected, a parameter indicating which of intra prediction and inter prediction is to be applied to the current block. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, wherein determines whether a first block is available and whether a second block is available, the first block and the second block being defined relative to a current block to be processed;', 'selects a context model based on whether the first block is available, whether the second block is available, which of inter prediction and intra prediction is to be applied to the first block, and which of inter prediction and intra prediction is to be applied to the second block; and', 'encodes, using the context model selected, a parameter indicating which of intra prediction and inter prediction is to be applied to the current block., 'the circuitry, in operation2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry selects a common context model (i) when intra prediction is applied to the first block and inter prediction is applied to the second block in a case where the first block and the second block are both available and (ii) when inter prediction is applied to the first block and intra prediction is applied to the second block in the case where the first block and the second block are both available.3. The encoder according to claim 2 , whereinthe circuitry selects a context model ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder according to one aspect of the present disclosure encodes a block of an image, and includes a processor and memory connected to the processor. Using the memory, the processor partitions a block into a plurality of sub blocks and encodes a sub block included in the plurality of sub blocks in an encoding process including at least a transform process or a prediction process. The block is partitioned using a multiple partition including at least three odd-numbered child nodes and each of a width and a height of each of the plurality of sub blocks is a power of two. 1. A system , comprising: a processor; and', 'memory connected to the processor,, 'an encoder that encodes a block of an image, the encoder comprising determines prediction mode information;', 'determines a set of partition modes in accordance with the prediction mode information;', 'selects a partition mode from the determined set of partition modes;', 'writes a parameter into a bitstream;', 'partitions a block into a plurality of sub blocks using the selected partition mode; and', 'encodes a sub block included in the plurality of sub blocks in an encoding process,, 'wherein, using the memory, the processor sets the parameter to a first value in response to partitioning the block into three sub blocks, each of a width and a height of each of the three sub blocks being a power of two; and', 'sets the parameter to a second value in response to partitioning the block into an even number of sub blocks, the second value being different from the first value, each of the even number of sub blocks having a same size; and, 'wherein the processora decoder, which, in operation, decodes image blocks in a decoding process.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor claim 1 , in operation:determines a first set of partition modes in response to the prediction information indicating inter prediction mode; anddetermines a second set of partition modes in response to the prediction information ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

Provided is an encoder including circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. A prediction mode for a current block is an affine mode, and in operation, the circuitry: derives a base motion vector which is a motion vector to be used in a prediction process for the current block, and is a motion vector at an affine-mode control point in the current block; derives a first motion vector different from the base motion vector; derives a motion vector difference based on a difference between the base motion vector and the first motion vector; determines whether the motion vector difference is greater than a threshold; if so, modifies a second motion vector different from the base motion vector and the first motion vector, and if not, does not modify the second motion vector; and encodes the current block using the second motion vector modified or the second motion vector not modified. 1. An encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, whereina prediction mode for a current block to be encoded is an affine mode, andin operation, the circuitry:derives a base motion vector which is a motion vector to be used in a prediction process for the current block, and is a motion vector at a control point in the current block, the control point being an affine-mode control point;derives a first motion vector different from the base motion vector;derives a motion vector difference based on a difference between the base motion vector and the first motion vector;determines whether the motion vector difference is greater than a threshold;modifies a second motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined to be greater than the threshold, and does not modify the second motion vector when the motion vector difference is determined not to be greater than the threshold, the second motion vector being different from the base motion vector and the first motion vector; andencodes the current block using the second motion vector modified or the second motion ...

ELECTRODE FOR A LITHIUM-ION BATTERY AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAID ELECTRODE

A device can be used as an electrode for a lithium-ion battery. The device comprises an electrically conductive support, to the surface of which nanofilaments having an ion-absorbing coating are applied. The nanofilaments are combined by the application of light into a plurality of bundles, each having multiple nanofilaments. A spacer gap is formed between neighboring bundles. 1. (canceled)2. A method for producing an electrode , the method comprising:{'b': 1', '1, 'supplying a substrate (), wherein the substrate () is electrically conductive;'}{'b': 2', '1', '1, 'forming a layer of nanofilaments () on the substrate (), which on statistical average are uniformly arranged over the surface of the substrate ();'}{'b': 2', '2', '3', '2', '6', '3', '2', '18, 'combining nanofilaments () from the layer of nanofilaments () into bundles () of nanofilaments (), such that a clearance () is present between adjacent ones of the bundles (), wherein the nanofilaments () are combined by being exposed to light from a first light source (); and'}{'b': 5', '3, 'applying an ion-absorbing coating () to the bundles ().'}3. (canceled)42. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nanofilaments () are carbon nanotubes (CNT).53. The method of claim 2 , wherein a cross-sectional distance through one of the bundles () is between 0.5 and 5 μm.65432. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ion-absorbing coating () is formed by nanoparticles () claim 2 , which are connected to one another and to the bundles () of nanofilaments ().74. The method of claim 6 , wherein the nanoparticles () comprise at least one of silicon claim 6 , sulfur claim 6 , titanium oxide claim 6 , a phosphite claim 6 , a nitrite claim 6 , carbon claim 6 , SiO claim 6 , TiO claim 6 , CrO claim 6 , LiCoO claim 6 , LiTiO claim 6 , LiNiO claim 6 , LiMnO claim 6 , LiFePO claim 6 , LiCoPO claim 6 , LiMnPO claim 6 , VO claim 6 , Ge claim 6 , Sn claim 6 , Pb or ZnO.8. (canceled)918. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first light source () is ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder comprises: a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, in which in operation, the processor: generates a first prediction image having full-pel precision, based on a motion vector of the current block; generates a second prediction image having fraction-pel precision by interpolating a value at a fraction-pel position between full-pel positions included in the first prediction image, using a first interpolation filter or a second interpolation filter differing in a total number of taps from the first interpolation filter; and encodes the current block based on the second prediction image, and in the generating of the second prediction image, the processor switches between using the first interpolation filter and the second interpolation filter depending on whether an affine mode is used for the current block. 1. An encoder that encodes a current block to be encoded in an image , the encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, wherein generates a first prediction image having full-pel precision, based on a motion vector of the current block;', 'generates a second prediction image having fraction-pel precision by interpolating a value at a fraction-pel position between full-pel positions included in the first prediction image, using a first interpolation filter or a second interpolation filter differing in a total number of taps from the first interpolation filter; and', 'encodes the current block based on the second prediction image, and, 'in operation, the circuitryin the generating of the second prediction image, the circuitry switches between using the first interpolation filter and the second interpolation filter depending on whether an affine mode is used for the current block.2. The encoder according to claim 1 , wherein judges whether the affine mode is used for the current block;', 'selects the first interpolation filter when the affine mode is judged not to be used for the current block;', 'selects the second ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder encodes a video, and includes: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. Using the memory, the circuitry: obtains at least two items of prediction information for a first partition included in the video; derives at least one template from neighboring samples which neighbor the first partition; calculates at least two costs, using the at least one template and the at least two items of prediction information; using the at least two costs, (i) determines at least one splitting direction for the first partition or (ii) assigns one of the at least two items of prediction information to a second partition split from the first partition according to the splitting direction, and another thereof to a third partition split from the first partition according to the splitting direction; and encodes the first partition according to the splitting direction and the at least two items of prediction information. 132-. (canceled)33. An encoder which encodes a video , the encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, wherein obtains at least two items of prediction information for a first partition included in the video;', 'derives at least one template from a plurality of neighboring samples which neighbor the first partition;', 'calculates at least two costs, using the at least one template and the at least two items of prediction information;', 'using the at least two costs, (i) determines a first direction which is substantially perpendicular to a second direction in which a second partition is opposed to a third partition in the first partition and (ii) assigns one of the at least two items of prediction information to the second partition, and another of the at least two items of prediction information to the third partition split; and', 'encodes the first partition according to the at least one splitting direction and the at least two items of prediction information., 'using the memory, the circuitry34. The encoder according to claim 33 , ...

ENCODER, AND DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry, using the memory: writes, into a bitstream, one or more parameters including a first parameter indicating that a first partition of an image is to be split into a plurality of partitions including at least a second partition which is a non-rectangular partition; splits the first partition, based on the first parameter; and encodes at least the second partition. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory,wherein the circuitry, using the memory:writes, into a bitstream, one or more parameters including a first parameter indicating that a first partition of an image is to be split into a plurality of partitions including at least a second partition which is a non-rectangular partition;splits the first partition, based on the first parameter; andencodes at least the second partition.2. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the non-rectangular partition is a triangular partition.3. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the first partition is a rectangular partition.4. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the first partition is a non-rectangular partition.5. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the first partition is a triangular partition.6. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the one or more parameters include a second parameter when the first partition is a rectangular partition, the second parameter indicating one direction selected from a plurality of directions in which the first partition can be split into at least the second partition.7. The encoder according to claim 6 ,wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are the same parameters indicating the non-rectangular partition and the one direction selected.8. The encoder according to claim 6 ,wherein the first partition is split based on the first parameter and the second parameter, when the first partition is a rectangular partition.9. The encoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the one or more parameters:include a ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An image encoder/decoder includes circuitry and a memory coupled to the circuitry. When a geometry of a block of a picture satisfies a first condition, the circuitry splits the block of the picture into sub blocks having a first set of geometries. When the geometry of the block does not satisfy the first condition, the circuitry splits the block of the picture into sub blocks having a second set of geometries, the second set of geometries being different from the first set of geometries. The circuitry encodes/decodes the sub blocks of the block. 1. An image encoder , comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry, when a geometry of a block of a picture satisfies a first condition, splits the block of the picture into sub blocks having a first set of geometries;', 'when the geometry of the block does not satisfy the first condition, splits the block of the picture into sub blocks having a second set of geometries, the second set of geometries being different from the first set of geometries; and', 'encodes the sub blocks of the block., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. The image encoder according to claim 1 , wherein the first condition is a block-size condition claim 1 , and the circuitry claim 1 , in operation:splits the block into sub blocks by using a partition other than a quad-tree partition when a size of the block satisfies the block-size condition; andsplits the block into sub blocks using a quad-tree partition when the size of the block does not satisfy the block-size condition, wherein a quad-tree partition includes a partition along a vertical direction and a partition along a horizontal direction.3. The image encoder according to claim 2 , wherein the block-size condition is satisfied when the size of the block is equal to a determined size.4. The image encoder according to claim 2 , wherein the block-size condition is satisfied when the size of the block is less than or equal to a determined size.5. The image encoder according to claim ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An image encoder/decoder includes circuitry and a memory coupled to the circuitry. When a parameter has a first value, the circuitry splits a block of a picture into sub blocks having a first set of geometries. When the parameter has a value other than the first value, the circuitry splits the block of the picture into sub blocks having a second set of geometries, the second set of geometries being different from the first set of geometries. The circuitry encodes/decodes the sub blocks of the block. 1. An image encoder , comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry, when a parameter has a first value, splits a block of a picture into sub blocks having a first set of geometries;', 'when the parameter has a value other than the first value, splits the block of the picture into sub blocks having a second set of geometries, the second set of geometries being different from the first set of geometries; and', 'encodes the sub blocks of the block., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. The image encoder according to claim 1 , wherein the parameter indicates block partitioning information and the circuitry claim 1 , in operation:splits the block into sub blocks by partitioning the block along a first direction when the parameter has the first value; andsplits the block into sub blocks by partitioning the block along at least a second direction when the parameter has a value other than the first value, the second direction being different from the first direction.3. The image encoder according to claim 2 , wherein the first direction is a vertical direction and the second direction is a horizontal direction.4. The image encoder according to claim 2 , wherein the first direction is a horizontal direction and the second direction is a vertical direction.5. The image encoder according to claim 1 , wherein a geometry of a sub block indicates at least a shape claim 1 , a height claim 1 , or a width of the sub block.6. The image encoder according to claim 1 , ...

ENCODING METHOD, DECODING METHOD, ENCODER, AND DECODER

An encoder includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry, using the memory: calculates at least one difference value between a plurality of pixels in a first block of a current image; calculates a denominator value used for a second block, using the difference value, the denominator value being used for a plurality of sub-blocks of the first block, the second block being one of the plurality of sub-blocks; determines a shift value, using the denominator value; calculates a first value and a second value, using at least a shift operation with the shift value; determines a prediction sample for the second block, using at least the first value and the second value; and encodes the second block, using at least the prediction sample. 1. An encoder which encodes an image , comprising:circuitry; andmemory, whereinwhen performing inter prediction processing, using the memory, the circuitry;calculates at least one difference value between a plurality of pixels in a first block of a current image;calculates a denominator value used for a second block, using the difference value, the denominator value being used for a plurality of sub-blocks of the first block, the second block being one of the plurality of sub-blocks;determines a shift value, using the denominator value;calculates a first value and a second value, using at least a shift operation with the shift value;determines a prediction sample for the second block, using at least the first value and the second value; andencodes the second block, using at least the prediction sample.2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe second block is a 4×4 pixel block.3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe difference value is a gradient value.4. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinwhen the difference value is calculated, the difference value is calculated using a pixel value of a reference image for the current image.5. A decoder claim 1 , comprising:circuitry; andmemory, whereinwhen performing inter prediction ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

Provided is an encoder includes: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry, in which in operation, the circuitry: generates a prediction image of a current block to be processed, using a first motion vector; and updates a history based motion vector predictor (HMVP) table using a first candidate having the first motion vector, the HMVP table storing, in a first in first out (FIFO) method, a plurality of second candidates each having a second motion vector used for a processed block, and in the updating of the HMVP table, the circuitry: determines whether a size of the current block is less than or equal to a threshold size; and skips the updating of the HMVP table when the size of the current block is determined to be less than or equal to the threshold size. 1. An encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry, wherein generates a prediction image of a current block to be processed, using a first motion vector; and', 'updates a history based motion vector predictor (HMVP) table using a first candidate having the first motion vector, the HMVP table storing, in a first in first out (FIFO) method, a plurality of second candidates each having a second motion vector used for a processed block, and, 'in operation, the circuitry determines whether a size of the current block is less than or equal to a threshold size; and', 'skips the updating of the HMVP table when the size of the current block is determined to be less than or equal to the threshold size., 'in the updating of the HMVP table, the circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 , wherein generates a candidate motion vector prediction (MVP) list including a plurality of motion vector predictor candidates; and', 'encodes the first motion vector using one of the motion vector predictor candidates included in the candidate MVP list generated, and, 'the circuitry further prohibits use of the HMVP table when the size of the current block is less than or equal to the threshold size; and', ' ...

ELECTROSURGICAL PLASMA APPARATUS AND SYSTEM

An electrosurgical apparatus for coagulating tissue includes an elongated tube having a tubular wall and a proximal end and a distal end, and constituting a conduit though which ionisable gas can be supplied to the distal end of the tube. The tube includes one or more apertures in the tube such that the ionisable gas is capable of exiting the tube in the region of the distal end of the tube. A braided tubular component is associated with the wall of the tube, and is connected to a source of electrosurgical energy, such that the braided tubular component can form part of an electrode assembly for ionising the ionisable gas exiting the one or more apertures. 1. An electrosurgical system for coagulating tissue , the system including:a) an electrosurgical generator;b) a source of ionisable gas, and an elongated tube having a tubular wall and a proximal end and a distal end,', 'a conduit though which ionisable gas can be supplied in use to the distal end of the tube, the tube including one or more apertures in the tube such that in use the ionisable gas exits the tube in the region of the distal end of the tube,', 'a braided tubular component associated with the wall of the tube, and', 'a connector for connecting the braided tubular component to the electrosurgical generator, such that the braided tubular component forms part of an electrode assembly for ionising in use the ionisable gas exiting the one or more apertures., 'c) an instrument for coagulating tissue, the instrument comprising2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the braided tubular component constitutes a lead forming an electrical path between the connector and an electrode element.3. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the braided tubular component constitutes an electrode element.4. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the tubular wall comprises an inner surface and an outer surface claim 2 , and the braided tubular component is located adjacent the inner surface of the tubular wall.5. A ...

METHOD FOR SEPARATING A CARBON STRUCTURE FROM A SEED STRUCTURE

A method is employed to separate a carbon structure, which is disposed on a seed structure, from the seed structure. In the method, a carbon structure is deposited on the seed structure in a process chamber of a CND reactor. The substrate comprising the seed structure () and the carbon structure () is heated to a process temperature. At least one etching gas is injected into the process chamber, the etching gas having the chemical formula AOX, AOXYor AX, wherein A is selected from a group of elements that includes S, C and N, wherein O is oxygen, wherein X and Y are different halogens, and wherein m, n and p are natural numbers greater than zero. Through a chemical reaction with the etching gas, the seed structure is converted into a gaseous reaction product. A carrier gas flow is used to remove the gaseous reaction product from the process chamber. 1122. A method for separating a carbon structure () , deposited on a seed structure () , from the seed structure () , the method comprising:{'b': 7', '4', '3', '2', '1, 'heating, in a process chamber () of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor (), a substrate () comprising a seed structure () and a carbon structure () to a process temperature;'}{'b': '7', 'sub': m', 'n', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'm', 'n, 'claim-text': wherein A is selected from a group of elements comprising S, C, and N,', 'wherein O is oxygen,', 'wherein X and Y are different halogens, and', 'wherein m, n, and p are natural numbers greater than zero;, 'injecting, into the process chamber (), at least one etching gas with the molecular formula AOX, AOXYor AX,'}{'b': '2', 'converting the seed structure () through a chemical reaction with the at least one etching gas into a gaseous reaction product; and'}{'b': '7', 'removing the gaseous reaction product from the process chamber () by means of a carrier gas flow.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seed structure is a metal structure.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seed structure includes at least one ...

IMAGE ENCODING DEVICE, IMAGE DECODING DEVICE, IMAGE ENCODING METHOD, AND IMAGE DECODING METHOD

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for video coding. The systems include, for example, an image encoder comprising: circuitry; and a memory coupled to the circuitry, wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following: predicting a first block of prediction samples for a current block of a picture, wherein predicting the first block of prediction samples includes at least a prediction process with a motion vector from a different picture; padding the first block of prediction samples to form a second block of prediction samples, wherein the second block is larger than the first block; calculating at least a gradient using the second block of prediction samples; and encoding the current block using at least the calculated gradient. 1. An image encoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry, predicting a first block of prediction samples for a current block of a picture, wherein predicting the first block of prediction samples includes at least a prediction process with a motion vector from a different picture;', 'padding the first block of prediction samples to form a second block of prediction samples, wherein the second block is larger than the first block;', 'calculating at least a gradient using the second block of prediction samples; and', 'encoding the current block using at least the calculated gradient., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following2. The image encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry performs one or more of the followings when padding the first block of prediction samples to form the second block of prediction samples:padding at least two sides of the first block of prediction samples to form the second block of prediction samples, wherein the at least two sides of the first block are not orthogonal;mirroring the prediction samples of the first block to form the second block of prediction samples;duplicating the prediction samples of the first block to form the second block of ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry performs: obtaining first motion vector information of a first partition; obtaining second motion vector information of a second partition; deriving a set of prediction samples for the first partition; and encoding the first partition using the set. When the difference between the motion vector information is not greater than a value, the circuitry reflects a second set of samples to a first set of samples. The first set has been predicted for the first partition using the first motion vector information, and the second set has been predicted for a first range using the second motion vector information. When the difference is greater than the value, the circuitry reflects, to the first set of samples, a third set of samples predicted for a second range larger than the first range using the second motion vector information. 1. An encoder which encodes a video , the encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory,wherein using the memory, the circuitry performs:obtaining first motion vector information of a first partition included in the video;obtaining second motion vector information of a second partition included in the video and different from the first partition;deriving a set of prediction samples for the first partition; andencoding the first partition using the set of prediction samples,wherein, when deriving the set of prediction samples, the circuitry:evaluates whether a difference between the first motion vector information and the second motion vector information is greater than a value of a parameter;when it is evaluated that the difference is not greater than the value of the parameter, reflects a second set of samples to a first set of samples, and derives, as the set of prediction samples, the first set of samples to which the second set of samples has been reflected, the first set of samples being predicted for the first partition using the first motion vector information, the second set of samples ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes: circuitry; and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry: performs, when a size of a current block to be subjected to transform processing is not a power of 2, complementary processing of adding a complementary region to the current block to cause the size to be a power of 2; performs transform processing on the current block which has been subjected to the complementary processing; performs inverse transform processing on the current block which has been subjected to the transform processing; and eliminates the complementary region included in the current block which has been subjected to the inverse transform processing. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory, wherein performs, when a size of a current block to be subjected to transform processing is not a power of 2, complementary processing of adding a complementary region to the current block to cause the size to be a power of 2;', 'performs transform processing on the current block which has been subjected to the complementary processing;', 'performs inverse transform processing on the current block which has been subjected to the transform processing; and', 'eliminates the complementary region included in the current block which has been subjected to the inverse transform processing., 'using the memory, the circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe current block having a size that is not a power of 2 is generated by splitting a block into two in a ratio of 1:3.3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe current block having a size that is not a power of 2 is generated by splitting a block into two in a ratio of 3:5.4. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe current block having a size that is not a power of 2 is generated by splitting a block into three in a ratio of 2:3:2.5. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe complementary region is at bottom and right, top and right, bottom and left, or top and left of the current block which has not been ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder encodes a video, and includes: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. Using the memory, the circuitry: obtains at least two items of prediction information for a first partition included in the video; derives at least one template from neighboring samples which neighbor the first partition; calculates at least two costs, using the at least one template and the at least two items of prediction information; using the at least two costs, (i) determines at least one splitting direction for the first partition or (ii) assigns one of the at least two items of prediction information to a second partition split from the first partition according to the splitting direction, and another thereof to a third partition split from the first partition according to the splitting direction; and encodes the first partition according to the splitting direction and the at least two items of prediction information.

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder which includes circuitry and memory is provided. The circuitry: calculates a cost for each of search points included in a first set; determines whether a base search point has a lowest cost in the first set; when the cost of the base search points is lowest, selects the base search point as a first best search point; when the cost of the base search points is not lowest, calculates a cost for each of search points included in a second set, selects a search point having a lowest cost from among the first set and the second set, as a second best search point, and encodes a current block to be encoded, using a motion vector corresponding to the first best search point or the second best search point. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory, whereinusing the memory, the circuitry:calculates a cost that is an evaluation value for a current block to be encoded, for each of a plurality of search points included in a first set, the plurality of search points being a plurality of pixel positions in a reference picture;determines whether a base search point has a lowest cost among the base search point and a plurality of neighboring search points which spatially neighbor the base search point, the base search point and the plurality of neighboring search points being included in the first set as the plurality of search points;when the base search point is determined to have the lowest cost among the base search point and the plurality of neighboring search points, selects the base search point as a first best search point;when the base search point is determined not to have the lowest cost among the base search point and the plurality of neighboring search points, calculates a cost that is the evaluation value for the current block, for each of a plurality of search points which spatially neighbor the base search point and are included in a second set different from the first set;selects a search point having a lowest cost from among the first set and the ...

ENCODING METHOD, DECODING METHOD, ENCODING APPARATUS, DECODING APPARATUS, AND ENCODING AND DECODING APPARATUS

To provide an encoding method for reducing deterioration in encoding efficiency when encoding a video/an image by selecting one operation mode out of a number of operation modes. The encoding method includes: extracting one or more features from one or more reconstructed pixel groups; categorizing the one or more reconstructed pixel groups using the extracted one or more features and a first machine learning model; and performing an encoding process on a current block of image samples included in a current picture using a parameter set corresponding to a result of the categorizing, the parameter set being one of a plurality of predefined parameter sets. 129-. (canceled)30. An encoding method , comprising:extracting one or more features from one or more reconstructed pixel groups;categorizing the one or more reconstructed pixel groups using the extracted one or more features and a first machine learning model; andwriting a first control parameter to a header of a bitstream; andperforming an encoding process on a current block of image samples included in a current picture using a parameter set corresponding to a result of the categorizing, the parameter set being one of a plurality of predefined parameter sets,wherein when the written first control parameter does not have a predefined value, the categorizing of the one or more reconstructed pixel groups is performed using the extracted one or more features and the first machine learning model, and the encoding method further comprises writing a second control parameter for modifying the first machine learning model to the header of the bitstream, and modifying the first machine learning model using the second control parameter, and', 'the categorizing the one or more reconstructed pixel groups is performed using the extracted one or more features and the modified first machine learning model., 'wherein when the written first control parameter has the predefined value,'} The present disclosure relates to encoding/ ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

Provided is an encoder which includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry encodes an image block using the memory. In encoding the image block, the circuitry: obtains one or more size parameters related to a size of the image block; determines whether the one or more size parameters and one or more thresholds satisfy a determined relationship; encodes a split parameter when the one or more size parameters and the one or more thresholds are determined to satisfy the determined relationship, the split parameter indicating whether the image block is to be split into a plurality of partitions including a non-rectangular partition; and encodes the image block after splitting the image block into the plurality of partitions when the split parameter indicates that the image block is to be split into the plurality of partitions. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory, whereinthe circuitry encodes an image block using the memory, and obtains one or more size parameters related to a size of the image block;', 'determines whether the one or more size parameters and one or more thresholds satisfy a determined relationship;', 'encodes a split parameter when the one or more size parameters and the one or more thresholds are determined to satisfy the determined relationship, the split parameter indicating whether the image block is to be split into a plurality of partitions including a non-rectangular partition; and', 'encodes the image block after splitting the image block into the plurality of partitions when the split parameter indicates that the image block is to be split into the plurality of partitions., 'in encoding the image block, the circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry encodes the image block without encoding the split parameter when the one or more size parameters and the one or more thresholds are determined not to satisfy the determined relationship.3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry encodes the image ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

Provided is an encoder which includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry splits an image block into a plurality of partitions, obtains a prediction image for a partition, and encodes the image block using the prediction image. When the partition is not a non-rectangular partition, the circuitry obtains (i) a first prediction image for the partition using a first motion vector for the partition, (ii) a second motion vector for the partition using the first prediction image, and (iii) a second prediction image for the partition as the prediction image using the second motion vector. When the partition is a non-rectangular partition, the circuitry obtains the first prediction image as the prediction image using the first motion vector, without using the second motion vector. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory, wherein splits an image block into a plurality of partitions;', 'obtains a prediction image for a partition included in the plurality of partitions; and', 'encodes the image block using the prediction image,, 'using the memory, the circuitry determines whether the partition is a non-rectangular partition;', 'when the partition is determined not to be a non-rectangular partition, obtains (i) a first prediction image for the partition using a first motion vector for the partition, (ii) a second motion vector for the partition using the first prediction image, and (iii) a second prediction image for the partition as the prediction image using the second motion vector; and', 'when the partition is determined to be a non-rectangular partition, obtains the first prediction image as the prediction image using the first motion vector, without using the second motion vector., 'in obtaining the prediction image, the circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe circuitry determines that the partition is a non-rectangular partition when the partition is a triangular partition.3. The encoder according to claim 1 , whereinthe ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry determines whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks. When it is determined not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, the circuitry predicts a block of chroma samples without using luma samples. When it is determined to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, the circuitry predicts the block of chroma samples using luma samples. The circuitry encodes the block using the predicted chroma samples. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; determining whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks;', 'in response to a determination not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, predicting a block of chroma samples without using luma samples;', 'in response to a determination to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, predicting the block of chroma samples using luma samples; and', 'encoding the block using the predicted chroma samples., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following2. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , determines whether to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks based on a split flag associated with the VPDU.3. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , determines whether to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks based on a quad-tree split depth of a luma block.4. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , determines whether to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks based on a threshold block size.5. The encoder of claim 4 , wherein the threshold block size is a default block size or a signaled block size.6. An encoder claim 4 , comprising:a block splitter, which, in operation, splits a first image into a plurality of blocks;an intra predictor, which, in operation, ...

DECODER AND DECODING METHOD

A decoder that includes: circuitry; and a memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation: determines whether or not a first splitting of splitting a block into three sub blocks in a first direction parallel to a first side of the block is available by determining a magnitude relation between a size of a second side of the block and a first value, the second side being different from the first side, the first side being a longer side of the block; when the first splitting is available, parses, from a bitstream, a split direction parameter indicative of a splitting direction; splits the block into a plurality of sub blocks in a direction indicated by the split direction parameter; and decodes the plurality of sub blocks. 1. A decoder comprising:circuitry; anda memory coupled to the circuitry, determines whether or not a first splitting of splitting a block into three sub blocks in a first direction parallel to a first side of the block is available by determining a magnitude relation between a size of a second side of the block and a first value, the second side being different from the first side, the first side being a longer side of the block;', 'when the first splitting is available, parses, from a bitstream, a split direction parameter indicative of a splitting direction;', 'splits the block into a plurality of sub blocks in a direction indicated by the split direction parameter; and', 'decodes the plurality of sub blocks., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation2. The decoder according to claim 1 , 'splits the block into a plurality of sub blocks in a second direction parallel to the second side of the block when the first splitting is not available.', 'wherein the circuitry, in operation3. The decoder according to claim 1 ,wherein the first value is a size corresponding to a minimum size supported in a transform process.4. A decoding method claim 1 , comprising:determining whether or not a first splitting of splitting a block into three sub blocks in ...

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder that encodes a current block in a picture includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry: splits the current block into a first sub block, a second sub block, and a third sub block in a first direction, the second sub block being located between the first sub block and the third sub block; prohibits splitting the second sub block into two partitions in the first direction; and encodes the first sub block, the second sub block, and the third sub block. 1. An encoder that encodes a current block in a picture , the encoder comprising:circuitry; andmemory, wherein splits the current block into a first sub block, a second sub block, and a third sub block in a first direction, the second sub block being located between the first sub block and the third sub block;', 'prohibits splitting the second sub block into two partitions in the first direction; and', 'encodes the first sub block, the second sub block, and the third sub block., 'using the memory, the circuitry2. The encoder according to claim 1 , wherein writes, into a bitstream, a first parameter indicating a direction in which the second sub block is to be split;', 'splits the second sub block into three partitions in the first direction when the first parameter indicates the first direction; and', 'when the first parameter indicates a second direction different from the first direction, (i) writes, into the bitstream, a second parameter indicating the number of partitions into which the second sub block is to be split, and (ii) splits, in the second direction, the second sub block into as many partitions as the number indicated by the second parameter., 'when the second sub block is to be split into a plurality of partitions, the circuitry further3. An encoding method for encoding a current block in a picture claim 1 , the encoding method comprising:splitting the current block into a first sub block, a second sub block, and a third sub block in a first direction, the second sub block ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry determines whether a first virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) is split into smaller blocks and whether a second VPDU is split into smaller blocks. In response to a determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, prediction residuals of chroma samples of a block are not scaled based on prediction residuals of luma samples. In response to a determination the first VPDU is split into smaller blocks and the determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, prediction residuals of chroma samples of the block are scaled based on prediction residuals of luma samples. In response to the determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is not split into smaller block, prediction residuals of chroma samples of the block are scaled based on prediction residuals of luma samples. The block is encoded based on the prediction residuals of chroma samples. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; determining whether a first virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) is split into smaller blocks and whether a second VPDU is split into smaller blocks;', 'in response to a determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, not scaling prediction residuals of chroma samples of a block based on prediction residuals of luma samples;', 'in response to a determination the first VPDU is split into smaller blocks and the determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, scaling prediction residuals of chroma samples of the block based on prediction residuals of luma samples;', 'in response to the determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is not split into smaller block, scaling prediction residuals of ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry determines whether a first virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) is split into smaller blocks and whether a second VPDU is split into smaller blocks. In response to a determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, a block of chroma samples is predicted without using luma samples. In response to a determination the first VPDU is split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, the block of chroma samples is predicted using luma samples. In response to a determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is not split into smaller block, the block of chroma samples is predicted using luma samples. The block is encoded using the predicted chroma samples. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; determining whether a first virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) is split into smaller blocks and whether a second VPDU is split into smaller blocks;', 'in response to a determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, predicting a block of chroma samples without using luma samples;', 'in response to a determination the first VPDU is split into smaller blocks and the determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, predicting the block of chroma samples using luma samples;', 'in response to the determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is not split into smaller block, predicting the block of chroma samples using luma samples; and', 'encoding the block using the predicted chroma samples., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following2. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein a current block is in the first VPDU.3. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein a ...

Polishing slurry composition

A polishing slurry composition is provided. The polishing slurry composition includes at least two types of abrasive particles among first abrasive particles, second abrasive particles, and third abrasive particles, and an oxidizer. A peak-to-valley roughness Rpv decreases when a contact area between the abrasive particles and a tungsten-containing film increases.

Slurry composition for polishing tungsten

A slurry composition for polishing tungsten is provided. The slurry composition for polishing tungsten may include a water-soluble polymer, abrasive particles and an etching adjuster.

Methods and apparatus for blood speckle detection in an intravascular ultrasound imaging system

Polishing composition for semiconductor process and method for manufacturing semiconductor device by using the same

The present disclosure relates to a polishing composition for a semiconductor process, which prevents polishing particles from being re-adsorbed on a wafer during a polishing process to prevent wafer defects, and improves polishing rate, selectivity, and dispersibility. In addition, when a semiconductor device is manufactured by applying the polishing composition for a semiconductor process, polarization is possible with an excellent selectivity even on a surface on which all of tungsten, a diffusion barrier layer, and an insulating layer exist.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIDEO CODING

An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry determines whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks. When it is determined not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, the circuitry predicts a block of chroma samples without using luma samples. When it is determined to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, the circuitry predicts the block of chroma samples using luma samples. The circuitry encodes the block using the predicted chroma samples. 1. An encoder , comprising:circuitry; andmemory coupled to the circuitry; determining whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks based on a quad-tree split depth of the current luma VPDU;', 'in response to a determination not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, predicting a block of chroma samples without using luma samples;', 'in response to a determination to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, predicting the block of chroma samples using luma samples; and', 'encoding the block using the predicted chroma samples., 'wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs the following2. The encoder of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry claim 1 , in operation claim 1 , determines whether to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks based on a quad-tree split depth of the current luma VPDU claim 1 , wherein a chroma VPDU corresponding to the current luma VPDU is to be split into smaller blocks.3. A decoder claim 1 , comprising:circuitry;memory coupled to the circuitry; determining whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks based on a quad-tree split depth of the current luma VPDU;', 'in response to a determination not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, predicting a block of chroma samples without using luma samples;', 'in response to a determination to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, predicting the ...

METHOD FOR DEPOSITING A TWO-DIMENSIONAL COATING AND CVD REACTOR

A coating is deposited on a substrate in a CVD reactor that includes a process chamber and a gas inlet member with a first gas distribution chamber and a second gas distribution chamber separate from the first gas distribution chamber. To deposit heterostructures, in a first step, an inert or a diluent gas is fed into the first gas distribution chamber and a reactive gas containing the elements of a first coating is fed into the second gas distribution chamber. The reactive gas pyrolytically decomposes in the process chamber to form the first coating on the substrate. In a second step, a diluent gas is fed into the second gas distribution chamber and a reactive gas containing the elements of a second coating is fed into the first gas distribution chamber. The reactive gas or gas mixture decomposes in the process chamber to form the second coating on the substrate. 141322112111. A method for depositing a first and second coating on a substrate () in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor () that includes a process chamber () and a gas inlet member () , the gas inlet member () including a first gas distribution chamber () and a second gas distribution chamber () separated from the first gas distribution chamber () , the method comprising:{'b': 3', '11', '3', '21, '(i) feeding an inert gas or a diluent gas into the process chamber () through the first gas distribution chamber () while feeding a first reactive gas or a first gas mixture into the process chamber () through the second gas distribution chamber ();'}{'b': 4', '4, '(ii) heating the substrate () to a process temperature so as to form the first coating on a surface of the substrate () from decomposition products of the first reactive gas or the first gas mixture;'}{'b': 3', '21', '3', '11, '(iii) feeding the inert gas or the diluent gas into the process chamber () through the second gas distribution chamber () while feeding a second reactive gas or a second gas mixture into the process chamber () through ...

Integrated circuit device testing in an inert gas

A system includes an inert gas supply, a soak chamber, a test chamber, a transfer zone, and a heater. The soak chamber soaks an integrated circuit (IC) device in the inert gas prior to testing. The test chamber includes contact pins for testing the IC device in the inert gas by contacting the contact pins to leads of the IC device. The transfer zone is to transfer the IC device from the soak chamber to the test chamber. The heater heats the inert gas supplied to the soak chamber and the test chamber.

Percutaneous devices and methods to visualize, target and ablate nerves

Apparatuses for identifying nerve tissue and methods for making and using the same are disclosed. An example apparatus may include an elongate shaft having a distal region configured to be percutaneously deployed within a patient. An active imaging structure may be disposed on the distal region. The active imaging structure may be configured to remotely image nerve tissue by exciting a signal in nerve tissue from a percutaneous location and receiving the signal from a percutaneous location. The active imaging structure may include one or more probes.

Home and commercial water filtration with online self-cleaning system

The Filtration Apparatus uses the principal of cross-flow filtration process with modification intended for online self-cleaning and backwash for the hollow fibre membrane either in automatic or manual mode with no electrical power required using the source water. With cross-flow filtration the tangential motion of the bulk of the water fluid across the membrane causes trapped particles on the filter surface to be rubbed off. This means that a cross-flow filter can operate continuously at relatively high solids loads and other benefits included as follows 1. A higher overall liquid filtration rate is achieved by the prevention of filter cake or membrane fouling formation. 2. Process feed remains in the form of mobile slurry, suitable for further processing. 3. Solids contents of the product slurry may be varied over a wide range. 4. It's possible to fractionate particles by size. Cross-flow membrane filtration technology has been used widely in industry globally and with our modification "online Self-Cleaning and Backwash" features, the membrane fouling problem will be greatly reduce and the Home & Commercial Water Filtration Apparatus will performance at its optimization.

Percutaneous devices and methods to visualize, target and ablate nerves

Apparatuses for identifying nerve tissue and methods for making and using the same are disclosed. An example apparatus may include an elongate shaft (124) having a distal region (120) configured to be percutaneously deployed within a patient. An active imaging structure (112, 114) may be disposed on the distal region. The active imaging structure may be configured to remotely image nerve tissue by exciting a signal in nerve tissue from a percutaneous location and receiving the signal from a percutaneous location. The active imaging structure may include one or more probes (102).

Cattle stanchion apparatus

Cattle stanchion apparatus in which a plurality of fixed and release stanchions are located adjacent one another to define a row of head openings for the animals. The release stanchions are simultaneously pivotable between open and closed positions by a reciprocable release rod. Decouplers are operative upon movement of the release stanchions to their open positions to permit the release rod to be moved back to its previous position independently of the now open release stanchions. Each release stanchion is pivotable to its closed position by the animal as it dips its head to feed. In their closed positions the release stanchions reengage the release rod and, depending upon the position of the release rod, thereby automatically lock the cattle in place. When desired, the apparatus can be arranged so that the cattle cannot lock themselves in the apparatus until the release rod is moved by the operator.

Cattle stanchion apparatus

Cattle stanchion apparatus in which a plurality of fixed and release stanchions define a row of head openings for animals, the release stanchions tending to pivot to open positions. Latches at the upper extremities of the release stanchions are engageable by couplers carried by a rotatable and axially movable positioner. An operating mechanism is actuable to axially move the positioner, and a locking system is actuable to rotate the positioner and thereby move the couplers into and out of a path of engagement with the latches of the release stanchions. The arrangement gives the operator the capability of moving all of the release stanchions to closed positions to lock the animals in the feeding stalls, or allowing the animals individually to actuate the system to lock themselves in, or allowing the animals to enter and leave the stalls as they wish. The locking system can be placed in a locked position to disable the operating mechanism. A variation of the locking system permits it to be locked against inadvertent movement from either its locked position or its unlocked position.

Cattle stanchion apparatus

Cattle stanchion apparatus in which a plurality of fixed and release stanchions define a row of head openings for animals, the release stanchions tending to pivot to open positions. Double latches at the upper extremities of the release stanchions are engageable by couplers carried by a rotatable and axially movable positioner. An operating mechanism is actuable to axially move the positioner and engage the latches of the release stanchions to move them in unison, and an associated rotating mechanism is actuable to rotate the positioner and thereby move the couplers into and out of possible engagement with the latches. The arrangement gives the operator the capability of moving all of the release stanchions to closed positions to lock the animals in the feeding stalls, or allowing the animals individually to actuate the system to lock themselves in, or allowing the animals to enter and leave the stalls as they wish. The latches are manually manipulatable to quickly and safely release downed cattle from individual feeding stalls.

Cattle stanchion apparatus

Cattle stanchion apparatus in which a plurality of fixed and release stanchions define a row of head openings for animals, the release stanchions tending to pivot to open positions. Double latches at the upper extremities of the release stanchions are engageable by couplers carried by a rotatable and axially movable positioner. An operating mechanism is actuable to axially move the positioner and engage the latches of the release stanchions to move them in unison, and an associated rotating mechanism is actuable to rotate the positioner and thereby move the couplers into and out of possible engagement with the latches. The arrangement gives the operator the capability of moving all of the release stanchions to closed positions to lock the animals in the feeding stalls, or allowing the animals individually to actuate the system to lock themselves in, or allowing the animals to enter and leave the stalls as they wish. The latches are manually manipulatable to quickly and safely release downed cattle from individual feeding stalls.

Cattle stanchion apparatus

Cattle stanchion apparatus in which a plurality of fixed and release stanchions define a row of head openings for animals, the release stanchions tending to pivot to open positions. Double latch fingers at the upper extremities of the release stanchions are engagable with notches carried by a rotatable and axially moveable positioner rod. An operating mechanism is actuable to move the positioner rod and engage the notches into and out of possible engagement with the latch fingers The arrangement gives the operator the capability of moving all of the release stanchions to closed positions to lock the animals in the feeding stalls, or allowing the animals individually to actuate the system to lock themselves in, or allowing the animals to enter and leave the stalls as they wish. The latch fingers are manually manipulatable to quickly and safely release downed cattle from individual feeding stalls.

Dairy freestall housing apparatus

Dairy freestall apparatus having a plurality of pipe loops removably adjustably clamped to a pair of rails at right angles to such rails to define one or more rows of cow stalls. The rails are removably vertically clamped to a plurality of aligned posts.

Monitor device for developing and monitoring firmware for system, developing method, and in-generic-circuit emulator device

(57)【要約】 【課題】 より汎用性に優れたプロセッサシステム用の ファームウェアの開発及びテスト用の装置を提供する。 【解決手段】 本発明のモニタ装置は、埋め込みプロセ ッサベースのシステムにおけるフアームウェアをテス ト、バグ除去するリアルタイムモニタ装置において、ホ ストコンピュータサブシステム、埋め込みプロセッササ ブシステムを表す目標サブシステム、ホストコンピュー タサブシステムと目標サブシステムとの間を接続する通 信リンクサブシステム、前記の目標サブシステムをリア ルタイムでモニタし、そのモニタ結果を保有する作業の ためにホストコンピュータサブシステム上に存在するモ ニタサブシステムよりなる。

Electronic device with electromagnetic shielding structures

A wireless electronic device may be provided with components such as electrical and structural components. During transmission of radio-frequency signals, antennas and wireless communications circuitry of the wireless electronic device may produce associated time-varying magnetic fields. One or more components may be covered with magnetic-resistant shield structures that protect the components from the time-varying magnetic fields by preventing magnetic-induced vibrations. The magnetic-resistant shield structures may include a conductive base layer such a layer of brass. A magnetic-resistant layer may be plated onto the conductive base layer. The magnetic-resistant layer may be formed from an amorphous nickel-phosphorous alloy. The amorphous nickel-phosphorous alloy may be produced by controlling the manufacturing temperature and proportion of phosphorous in the alloy while performing the plating operations within a length of time that ensures non-equilibrium conditions during the plating operations.

Simulation system for medical procedures

The invention provides a system for the simulation of image-guided medical procedures and methods of using the same. The system can be used for training and certification, pre-treatment planning, as well therapeutic device design, development and evaluation.

Manufacture of silicon rod

Circuit device for car drive

ENCODER, DECODER, ENCODING METHOD, AND DECODING METHOD

An encoder includes: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation, stores a first parameter into a bitstream, the first parameter indicating, as a prediction mode, one of (i) a multiple prediction mode in which a prediction image is generated by overlapping an inter prediction image of a current block and an intra prediction image of the current block and (ii) one of a plurality of prediction modes including a non-rectangular mode in which a prediction image is generated for each non-rectangular partition in the current block, and encodes the current block according to the prediction mode.

Shaving apparatus

Fluid

An ink jet ink that may be used to provide a stop-off layer or diffusion barrier layer on a metallic substrate, the ink comprising between 10% weight to 35.1% weight yttria nanopowder; between 2.6% weight to 19.3% weight of a stabiliser; between 0.3% weight to 1.9% weight of a binder; between 0.01% weight to 5% weight of a surfactant and between 0% weight to 30% weight of a humectant and the balance water.

Method for especially measuring amount of caco3 of cleaning suspension from absorbing device of exhaust gas desulfurizer

(57)【要約】 【課題】 自動化が可能で、企業の実際にとって常時十 分正確な洗浄懸濁液中のＣaＣＯ 3 濃度の測定を可能に する、特に排気ガスの脱硫装置に適した測定方法を提示 する。 【解決手段】 特に排気ガス脱硫装置の吸収装置から洗 浄懸濁液のＣaＣＯ 3 量を測定する方法にあって、予め 指定した一定の測定流をバイパス中で連続的にｐＨ測定 装置に導入し、懸濁液のｐＨ値を測定し、ｐＨ測定装置 の前の注入個所で時間間隔をおいて測定流に酸を注入 し、酸の注入により生じるｐＨ値の変化を測定し、注入 個所とｐＨ測定装置の間の流路に対する懸濁液の滞留時 間を考慮して設定された参照測定からのデータと比較し たｐＨ値の差から、懸濁液のＣaＣＯ 3 量を求める。