METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CHLORINE DIOXIDE

In order to provide a method with which the costs incurred in conventional methods for producing chlorine dioxide according to the chlorite-acid method can be significantly lowered, a method is proposed according to the invention, in which an acid, a chlorite and optionally water are introduced into a reactor, wherein in the method the reaction temperature in the reactor is determined and the quantity of acid, chlorite and/or water which is/are introduced into the reactor is chosen such that the acid introduced into the reactor is introduced into the reactor with a molar excess relative to the chlorite introduced into the reactor, wherein the level of the molar excess is varied with the level of the reaction temperature determined. In addition, the present invention relates to a device which is suitable for implementing the method according to the invention. 1. Method for producing an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide in which an acid , a chlorite and optionally water are introduced into a reactor , characterized in that in the method the reaction temperature in the reactor is determined and the quantity of acid , chlorite and/or water which is/are introduced into the reactor is chosen such that the acid introduced into the reactor is introduced into the reactor with a molar excess relative to the chlorite introduced into the reactor , wherein the level of the molar excess is varied with the level of the reaction temperature determined.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the acid introduced into the reactor is introduced into the reactor at a reaction temperature determined in the range of from 10 to 40° C. with a molar excess in the range of from 2.0 to 3.5 relative to the chlorite introduced into the reactor.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the level of the molar excess increases with the level of the reaction temperature.4. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the level of the molar excessat a reaction ...

Method of mixing aqueous solutions

The present invention concerns a method of mixing aqueous solutions, an apparatus for carrying out said method and the use of dosing devices with integrated dosing monitoring and stroke length control in an installation for mixing container aqueous solutions.

Apparatus for measuring fluid-flow velocity

ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING THE FLOW RATE

ARRAY MEASURING ARRANGEMENT FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Electric switch which responds to pressure and temperature of the air inside a tyre of a motor vehicle

The invention relates to an electric switch which is accommodated in the tyre of a motor vehicle and is of as simple a design as possible and is used to warn the driver if the pressure and/or the temperature of the air inside the tyre reach values at which damage to the tyre is imminent. The essential component of the switch is a reference medium with a small amount of a selectable fluid, the vapour pressure of the said fluid assuming the value of 1 bar in the temperature range from approximately +50@C to +200@C. <IMAGE>

Arrangement for measuring mass flow

In an arrangement for measuring the mass flow of a medium, especially the aspirated air of internal combustion engines by means of a measuring resistor heatable by a current which is in thermal contact with the flowing medium, the current being controlled with the aid of a control loop in such a way that the overtemperature of the measuring resistance with respect to the medium is essentially constant, the control loop can have fed to it a correction signal which is obtained with the aid of a digital correction circuit from a quantity dependent on the mass flow.

Method of fabricating an apparatus for measuring velocity of flow

In an apparatus for measuring the velocity of flow of fluids, and particularly of the intake air of internal combustion engines, having an electrically heatable resistance layer which is applied in insulated manner on a support and is in thermal contact with the flowing fluid, the support is developed in rectangular shape with a flat central part bearing the resistance layer and is provided with reinforcement strips integral with it on at least three sides. Furthermore, the central part is provided at its edges with slits which adjoin the reinforcement strips. The apparatus of the invention can be produced preferably from silicon by etching and can be developed to receive further resistors and other electronic elements.

Apparatus for the determination of the direction of a flow

In order to determine the occurrence of a backflow in a rapidly pulsating fluid current flowing with a known mass flow, especially in the intake (10) of an internal combustion engine, an apparatus for determining the direction of flow having one electrically heated heater element (16) and two temperature measuring elements (12, 14) arranged adjacent thereto is proposed, it being the case that depending on the direction of flow one temperature measuring element (12 or 14) is arranged upstream and the other temperature measuring element (14 or 12) downstream of the heater element (16). <IMAGE>

Arrangement for an air-mass meter for an internal combustion engine

Apparatus for measuring velocity of flow

In an arrangement for measuring the velocity of flow of fluids, and, in particular, of the intake air of internal combustion engines, having an electrically heatable resistance layer which is applied in insulated manner on a support and is in thermal contact with the flowing fluid, the support consists of silicon. Between the support and the resistance layer an electrically insulating layer is applied. The resistance layer consists preferably of suitably doped polycrystalline silicon.

Water treatment for tapping off purified water - where filtered precleaned water passes through reverse-osmosis and UV sterilising units to storage then is tapped off via UV steriliser

Process and appts. for treating water. Pre-cleaned water is supplied under pressure via a filtering section to a membrane of a reverse-osmosis module. The water flow from the module is directed to a pressureless storage container via a UV sterilization unit. Purified water can be tapped off by pumping, the water once again flowing through the UV sterilisation unit. Longer periods of water residence in the storage unit are counteracted by circulating by circulating water from the tank through the UV steriliser and back again. USE/ADVANTAGE - The appts. and process purifies water and independently of the extn. frequency and quantity a constant quantity of sterilised water is always guaranteed.

LOAD SENSOR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE

Apparatus for measuring fluid-flow velocity

Bei einer Anordnung zur Messung der Strömungsge­schwindigkeit von Medien, insbesondere der Ansaug­luft von Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einer elektrisch beheizbaren Widerstandsschicht, welche isoliert auf einem Träger aufgebracht ist und mit dem strömenden Medium in Wärmekontakt steht, besteht der Träger aus Silizium. Zwischen dem Träger und der Widerstands­schicht ist eine elektrisch isolierende Schicht auf­gebracht. Die Widerstandsschicht besteht vorzugs­weise aus entsprechend dotiertem polykristallinen Silizium. In the case of an arrangement for measuring the flow velocity of media, in particular the intake air of internal combustion engines, with an electrically heatable resistance layer, which is applied insulated on a carrier and is in thermal contact with the flowing medium, the carrier consists of silicon. An electrically insulating layer is applied between the carrier and the resistance layer. The resistance layer preferably consists of appropriately doped polycrystalline silicon.

MEASURING PROBE.

Test element, mounted on the wheel of a motor vehicle, for monitoring the interior pressure of a tyre

The invention relates to the monitoring of the air pressure inside the tyre of a motor vehicle which must not drop below a predetermined threshold value; otherwise, undesired flexing occurs in the tyre which is associated with internal material abrasion and an increase in the temperature of the tyre even up to unacceptably high values. For such monitoring, a test element which responds in the microwave range and consists of a dipole and one or two chips which contain a pressure switch and a diode for halfwave rectification are mounted on the rim inside the tyre. When the test element receives radiation with the possibly pulse-coded fundamental frequency, the dipole can be excited to transmit back the first harmonic which is evaluated in the receiver. <IMAGE>

ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING THE FLOW RATE.

Method and device for producing chlorine dioxide

Um ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, mit dem die bei herkömmlichen Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Chlordioxid nach dem Chlorit-Säure-Verfahren anfallenden Kosten signifikant gesenkt werden können, wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem man eine Säure, ein Chlorit und optional Wasser in einen Reaktor einleitet, wobei man bei dem Verfahren die Reaktionstemperatur im Reaktor ermittelt und die Menge an Säure, Chlorit und/oder Wasser, die in den Reaktor eingeleitet wird, so wählt, dass die in den Reaktor eingeleitete Säure bezogen auf das in den Reaktor eingeleitete Chlorit mit einem molaren Überschuss in den Reaktor eingeleitet wird, wobei die Höhe des molaren Überschusses mit der Höhe der ermittelten Reaktionstemperatur variiert wird. Darüber hinaus betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Vorrichtung, die zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist.

Liquid level sensor

In the case of a liquid level sensor, in a housing there is arranged not only a chamber (10) with a sliding contact (7) and a resistance strip (8) but also a damping chamber (11). A shutter (12) is seated in the latter in a rotationally fixed manner on a shaft (2), which on the outside of the housing bears a lever (3) with a float (6). The damping chamber (11) is filled with a damping oil. If the shaft (2) rotates, the shutter (12) displaces the damping oil from one part of the damping chamber to the other, so that the rotary movement of the shaft (2) is damped. <IMAGE>

Air-mass meter

An air-mass meter, particularly for the determination of the inlet air quantity delivered to an internal-combustion engine. The air-mass meter comprises a sensor arrangement consisting of two electrical components with large temperature coefficients, a first of which measures the temperature of the inspirated air and the second, heated above the ambient temperature, serves as air-mass sensor, both components being arranged on a substrate which extends transversely to the flow cross-section and in the direction of the flow concentrically in the flow cross-section, characterised in that the flow cross-section changes continuously in the flow direction and the substrate is arranged so that it can be displaced longitudinally in a part-region of the change in cross-section. By means of the continuous change of the flow cross-section in the flow direction and the longitudinally displaceable arrangement of the substrate in a part-region of the change in cross-section, the air-mass meter is enabled to be calibrated in a simple way. <IMAGE>

Load sensor for a motor vehicle

In a load sensor for a motor vehicle, the load (force) to be measured can be applied to the base of a housing in the centre area. Provided in the housing is a dimensionally stable disc which rests with a spacer element on the base in the marginal area of the same. The capacitor formed by the inner surface of the base and the dimensionally stable disc surface facing the base is connected to a circuit for analysing the capacitance. <IMAGE>

Electronic controller for internal combustion engines

In a system having an electronic controller for internal combustion engines, particularly injection engines in which the controller is functionally connected to a plurality of sensors and at least one actuator, the controller is part of an assembly which furthermore comprises a throttle-valve arrangement, an air-mass sensor and a throttle-valve position sensor. In systems with central injection, the injection valve can also be arranged within the assembly. By the compact structural unit thus obtained, cable connections are reduced to a minimum, so that, in their turn, reliability is increased and expense is saved. Furthermore, the arrangement facilitates maintenance and repair.

Dispositivo para a determinacao da corrente de massa e da direcao de fluxo de passagem

Method of mixing aqueous solutions

The present invention concerns a method of mixing aqueous solutions, an apparatus for carrying out said method and the use of dosing devices with integrated dosing monitoring and stroke length control in an installation for mixing container aqueous solutions.

Verfahren zum mischen wässriger lösungen

Verfahren zum mischen wässriger lösungen

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Mischen wässriger Lösungen, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens sowie die Verwendung von Dosiereinrichtungen mit integrierter Dosierüberwachung und Hublängenregelung in einer Anlage zum Mischen wässriger Lösungen.

Verfahren zum mischen wässriger lösungen

Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Füllstandes eines Vorratsbehälters

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Füllstandes eines mit einer Dosierflüssigkeit (3) befüllten Vorratsbehälters (4), wobei eine Verdrängerpumpe (2) derart mit dem Vorratsbehälter (4) und einer Dosierleitung (5) verbunden ist, dass beim Betrieb der Verdrängerpumpe (2) ein vorbestimmtes Volumen von Dosierflüssigkeit (3) pro Betriebszeiteinheit, pro Hub oder pro Umdrehung der Verdrängerpumpe (2) aus dem Vorratsbehälter (4) in die Dosierleitung (5) gepumpt wird.

Arrangement with an electronic controller for an internal combustion engine