Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes housing. The housing includes at least one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. Also, the cassette includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps at least one fluid from the fluid inlet line to at least one of the fluid outlet line. Also, the cassette includes at least one mixing chamber within the housing. The mixing chamber is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line. 2. The pump cassette of claim 1 , further comprising:a second pump in the housing comprising a fluid-pumping chamber separated from an actuation chamber by a flexible membrane and having a second pump inlet in valved fluid communication with a third fluid port in the housing and a second pump outlet in valved fluid communication with the inlet of the mixing chamber.3. The pump cassette of claim 2 , further comprising:a third pump in the housing comprising a fluid-pumping chamber separated from an actuation chamber by a flexible membrane and having a third pump inlet in valved fluid communication with a fourth fluid port in the housing and a third pump outlet in valved fluid communication with the inlet of the mixing chamber; anda second conductivity sensing flow path arranged to connect the outlet of the mixing chamber with a second conductivity sensor apparatus configured to measure a conductivity of a fluid contained in the second conductivity sensing flow path.4. The pump cassette of claim 3 , wherein the cassette is configured to connect with a pressure source to operate the first pump claim 3 , to connect with first claim 3 , second claim 3 , and third fluid sources via the first claim 3 , third and fourth fluid ports in the housing to mix first claim 3 , second and third fluids to create a mixed fluid stream and to connect via the second fluid port in the housing to a destination for the mixed fluid stream.5. The pumping cassette of claim 1 , wherein ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid, may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm, dividing the device into first and second compartments. 1. A dialysis unit including:a dialysate flow circuit including a dialyzer; anda field programmable gate array (FPGA) that monitors at least conductivity and temperature of dialysate in the flow circuit upstream of a dialyzer and enters a fail-safe state if the measured conductivity exceeds a value, and/or is outside of a range of values, wherein the value or range of values is different for different modes of therapy, or the value or range of values is different for different patients.2. The dialysis unit of claim 1 , wherein the FPGA corrects the conductivity of dialysate based on the temperature of the dialysate.3. A dialysis unit including:a dialysate flow circuit including a dialyzer and an ultra-filtration pump; anda field programmable gate array that monitors an amount of ultrafiltration fluid withdrawn from a patient during dialysis treatment by the dialysis unit by setting a given register to a first value and increasing the value of the register by a first incremental value for every pump stroke of the ultra-filtration pump and decreasing ...

Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Disclosed are hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems including fluid flow circuits. Hemodialysis systems may include a blood flow path, and a dialysate flow path including balancing, mixing, and/or a directing circuits. Preparation of dialysate may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply may be provided that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. Such a system may be useful during a power failure. The hemodialysis system may also include fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, etc., actuated using a control fluid. The control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using a detachable external pump. The fluid handling devices may have a spheroid shape with a diaphragm dividing it into two compartments. 1. A hemodialysis system , comprising:a blood flow path through which untreated blood is drawn from a patient and passed through a dialyzer;a dialysate flow path through which dialysate flows from a dialysate supply through the dialyzer, the dialyzer permitting dialysate to pass from the dialysate flow path to the blood flow path; anda gas supply in fluidic communication with the dialysate flow path so that, when activated, gas from the gas supply causes the dialysate to pass through the dialyzer and urge blood in the blood flow path back to the patient.2. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the gas supply is an air supply.3. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the blood flow path is defined by a blood flow cassette.4. The hemodialysis system of claim 3 , wherein the blood flow cassette comprises a pod pump.5. The hemodialysis system of claim 4 , wherein the pod pump comprises:a rigid curved wall defining a pumping volume and having an inlet and an outlet;a pump diaphragm mounted within the pumping volume; ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Disclosed are hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems including fluid flow circuits. Hemodialysis systems may include a blood flow path, and a dialysate flow path including balancing, mixing, and/or a directing circuits. Preparation of dialysate may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply may be provided that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. Such a system may be useful during a power failure. The hemodialysis system may also include fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, etc., actuated using a control fluid. The control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using a detachable external pump. The fluid handling devices have a spheroid shape with a diaphragm dividing it into two compartments. 1. A hemodialysis system comprising:a housing comprising a first section and a second section separated by an insulating wall, the first section being sterilizable at a temperature of at least about 80° C., the second section containing electronic components that, when the first section is heated to a temperature of at least about 80° C., are not heated to a temperature of more than 60° C.2. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the first section is not open to the external environment when the hemodialysis system is in use.3. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the second section is net open to the external environment when the hemodialysis system is in use.4. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the second section comprises an electronic controller claim 1 , a power supply or a pneumatic manifold.5. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the second section comprises a fan or grid to circulate air within the second section.6. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the first section comprises a ...

Blood treatment systems and methods

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid, may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.

Pumping cassette

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes a housing having at least, one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. The cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps a fluid from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet line. A hollow spike is also included on the housing as well as at least one metering pump The metering pump is fluidly connected to the hollow spike on the housing and to a metering pump fluid line. The metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line.

FLUID PUMPING SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to certain types of reciprocating positive-displacement pumps (which may be referred to hereinafter as “pods,” “pump pods,” or “pod pumps”) used to pump fluids, such as a biological fluid (e.g., blood or peritoneal fluid), a therapeutic fluid (e.g., a medication solution), or a surfactant fluid. The pumps may be configured specifically to impart low shear forces and low turbulence on the fluid as the fluid is pumped from an inlet to an outlet. Such pumps may be particularly useful in pumping fluids that may be damaged by such shear forces (e.g., blood, and particularly heated blood, which is prone to hemolysis) or turbulence (e.g., surfectants or other fluids that may foam or otherwise be damaged or become unstable in the presence of turbulence). 198-. (canceled)99. An actuation system for a reciprocating membrane-based pump having a pumping chamber separated from an actuation chamber by a flexible membrane , a delivery stroke resulting from the application of positive pressure in the actuation chamber , and a fill stroke resulting from the application of negative pressure in the actuation chamber , the actuation system comprising:at least one valve fluidly connecting the actuation chamber with a reservoir arranged to supply positive pressure to the actuation chamber and fluidly connecting the actuation chamber with a reservoir arranged to supply negative pressure to the actuation chamber;a controller configured to signal the at least one valve to operate in a plurality of pulses during a delivery stroke or a fill stroke, each pulse comprising an opening period and a closing period of the valve; whereinthe controller is configured to command the at least one valve to pulse with an opening period during an initial phase of a delivery or fill stroke that is longer than an opening period during a later phase of the delivery or fill stroke.100. The actuation system of claim 99 , wherein the opening period during the ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Hemodialysis dialysis systems are disclosed. Hemodialysis systems of the invention may include a dialysate flow path including a balancing circuit, a mixing circuit, and/or a directing circuit. The circuits may be definedwithin one or more cassettes. The fluid circuits may be at least partially isolated, spatially and/or thermally, from electrical components of the system. A gas supply may be provided in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer to, urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. The hemodialysis systems may include fluid handling devices actuated using a control fluid, optionally delivered using to detachable pump. Fluid handling devices may be generally rigid and of a spheroid shape, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into compartments. 1. A hemodialysis system , comprising:a blood flow path through which untreated blood is drawn from a patient and passed through a dialyzer;a dialysate flow path through which dialysate flows from a dialysate supply through the dialyzer, the dialysate flow path and the blood flow path being in fluidic communication; anda pressure device able to urge dialysate in the dialysate flow path to flow into the blood flow path,wherein pressure is controlled within the pressure device such that the pressure of the dialysate exiting the dialyzer is lower than the pressure of the blood exiting the dialyzer.2. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the blood flow path is defined by a blood flow cassette.3. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the dialysate flow path is defined by at least one cassette.4. A hemodialysis system claim 1 , comprising:a blood flow path through which untreated blood is drawn from a patient and passed through a dialyzer;a dialysate flow path through which dialysate flows from a dialysate supply through the dialyzer, the dialysate flow path and the blood flow path being in fluidic communication; anda pressure device able to urge ...

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet. 1. A pumping cassette comprising:a housing comprising a first fluid line including a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet for a first liquid flowpath configured to contain a first liquid, and a second fluid line including a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet for a second liquid flowpath configured to contain a second liquid;at least one balancing pod within said housing and in fluid communication with said fluid lines, said balancing pod defining a cavity in which a flexible membrane is disposed, said flexible membrane dividing the cavity between a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber in fluid communication with the first fluid line, and the second chamber in fluid communication with the second fluid line, wherein said second chamber is configured to receive a first volume of the second liquid from the second fluid line by expelling a substantially equal volume of the first liquid from the first chamber into the first fluid line; andat least one reciprocating positive displacement membrane pump within said housing, said membrane pump comprising an actuation chamber separated from a pumping chamber by a flexible membrane, wherein said membrane pump is in fluid communication with the second fluid line, and is configured to deliver in a pump ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands. 112-. (canceled)13. A method for controlling the administration of an anticoagulant in a dialysis system , the method comprising:storing, on at least one storage medium, an anticoagulant protocol comprising a maximum amount of anticoagulant;automatically administering the anticoagulant according to the anticoagulant protocol; andprohibiting the administration of additional anticoagulant after determining that the maximum amount of anticoagulant has been administered.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:the anticoagulant protocol comprises a prescribed rate of anticoagulant administration; andautomatically administering the anticoagulant according to the anticoagulant protocol comprises automatically administering the anticoagulant at the prescribed rate.15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the anticoagulant protocol comprises a basal rate of anticoagulant administration and a maintenance rate of anticoagulant administration.16. The method of claim 13 , wherein automatically administering the anticoagulant according to the anticoagulant protocol comprises automatically administering a bolus of anticoagulant via an arterial blood line prior to a dialysis operation.17. The method of claim 13 , wherein automatically administering an ...

System, Method, and Apparatus for Electronic Patient Care

A method, related system and apparatus are disclosed. The method is implemented by an operative set of processor executable instructions configured for execution by a processor. The method includes the acts of: determining if a monitoring client is connected to a base through a physical connection; establishing a first communications link between the monitoring client and the base through the physical connection; updating, if necessary, the interface program on the monitoring client and the base through the first communications link; establishing a second communications link between the monitoring client and the base using the first communications link; and communicating data from the base to the monitoring client using the second communications link. 1. A method implemented by an operative set of processor executable instructions configured for execution by a processor , the method comprising:determining if a monitoring client is connected to a base through a physical connection;establishing a first communications link between the monitoring client and the base through the physical connection;updating, if necessary, an interface program on the monitoring client and the base through the first communications link;establishing a second communications link between the monitoring client and the base using the first communications link; andcommunicating data from the base to the monitoring client using the second communications link.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the base is a patient-care device.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the patient-care device is selected from the group consisting of an infusion pump claim 2 , a pill dispenser claim 2 , a microinfusion pump claim 2 , an ECG monitor claim 2 , a blood pressure monitor claim 2 , a pulse oximeter claim 2 , and a CO2 capnometer claim 2 , an intravenous bag claim 2 , a drip-flow meter claim 2 , and a dialysis machine.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is located on the ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. According to one aspect, a blood pump is configured to pump blood to a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus, the blood pump comprising a pneumatically actuated or controlled reciprocating diaphragm pump. In an embodiment, the diaphragm of the pump comprises a flexible membrane formed or molded to generally conform to a curved inner wall of a pumping chamber or control chamber of the pump, wherein the diaphragm is pre-formed or molded to have a control side taking a convex shape, so that any elastic tension on the diaphragm is minimized when fully extended into a control chamber of the pump. 1. A flexible diaphragm for use in a reciprocating diaphragm pump , the diaphragm pump comprising a first rigid body having a curved pumping chamber wall , a second rigid body having an opposing curved control chamber wall , the diaphragm configured to be interposed between the pumping chamber wall and the control chamber wall , the diaphragm comprising:a gasket arranged to locate the diaphragm between the first rigid body and the second rigid body;a diaphragm body having a curved, semi-spheroid or domed shape, the diaphragm body configured to generally conform to a curved inner surface of the pumping chamber wall or a curved inner surface of the control chamber wall, and the diaphragm body having a pumping side arranged to face the inner surface of the pumping chamber wall and an opposing control side arranged to face the inner surface of the control chamber wall;a transition region between the gasket and the diaphragm body, the transition region arranged to be pinched or clamped between a clamping region of the first rigid body and an opposing clamping region of the second rigid body; ...

AIR TRAP FOR A MEDICAL INFUSION DEVICE

An air trap for a blood circuit and method for removing air from blood in a dialysis unit. The air trap may include a blood inlet supply line, a blood outlet supply line, and a container having an approximately spherical internal wall, an inlet at a top end of the container connected to the blood inlet supply line, and an outlet at a bottom end of the container connected to the blood outlet supply line. The inlet may be offset from a vertical axis of the approximately spherical internal wall such that blood entering the container is directed to flow in a spiral-like path. The inlet port may be arranged to introduce blood into the container in a direction that is approximately tangential to the approximately spherical inner wall of the container and/or in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the vertical axis of the container. 1. A method for removing air or other undissolved gas from a flow of blood in a dialysis unit , comprising:providing an air trap in a blood flow circuit of a dialysis unit, the air trap having a container with an inlet port located at a top of the container and an outlet port at a bottom of the container, the air trap being arranged to remove air from blood flowing from the inlet port to the outlet port;introducing blood into the inlet port of the air trap such that the blood flows from the inlet port to the outlet port of the air trap;removing air from blood flowing in the air trap and trapping the air in the air trap; andcausing flow of fluid from the outlet port to the inlet port of the air trap so as to remove all of the air in the air trap from the air trap.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of introducing blood includes causing blood to flow along an interior wall of the container from the inlet port to the outlet port.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the container has an approximately spherical or spheroid-shaped internal wall claim 1 , and wherein the step of introducing comprises:introducing blood into the ...

MODULAR ASSEMBLY FOR A PORTABLE HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system may include a dialysis unit, e.g., that contains suitable components for performing hemodialysis, such as a dialyzer, one or more pumps to circulate blood through the dialyzer, a source of dialysate, and one or more pumps to circulate the dialysate through the dialyzer, and a power unit having a housing that contains suitable components for providing operating power to the pumps of the dialysis unit. The power unit may be selectively connected to the dialysis unit and provide power (e.g., pneumatic power in the form of pressure and/or vacuum) to the dialysis unit for the pumps when connected to the dialysis unit, but may be incapable of providing power to the dialysis unit when disconnected from the dialysis unit. The dialysis unit and the power unit are sized and weighted to each be carried by hand by a human. 1. A modular assembly system for a portable hemodialysis unit , comprising:a dialysis unit including a housing that contains suitable components for performing hemodialysis, the components including a dialyzer, one or more pumps to circulate blood through the dialyzer, a source of dialysate, and one or more pumps to circulate the dialysate through the dialyzer, the housing having a front opening at which blood circuit connections and dialysate fluidic connections are located; anda power unit including a housing that contains suitable components for providing operating power to the pumps, the power unit being selectively connectable to the dialysis unit, the power unit providing power to the dialysis unit for the pumps when connected to the dialysis unit, the power unit being incapable of providing power to the dialysis unit when disconnected from the dialysis unit.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pumps are pneumatic pumps and the power unit provides pneumatic power to the dialysis unit.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein power unit and dialysis unit electrical power requirements are provided by ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Disclosed are hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems including fluid flow circuits. Hemodialysis systems may include a blood flow path, and a dialysate flow path including balancing, mixing, and/or a directing circuits. Preparation of dialysate may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply may be provided that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. Such a system may be useful during a power failure. The hemodialysis system may also include fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, etc., actuated using a control fluid. The control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using a detachable external pump. The fluid handling devices may have a spheroid shape with a diaphragm dividing it into two compartments. 1. A hemodialysis system , comprising:a housing comprising a first section and a second section separated by an insulating wall, the first section being sterilizable at a temperature of at least about 80° C., the second section containing electronic components that, when the first section is heated to a temperature of at least about 80° C., are not heated to a temperature of more than 60° C.2. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the first section is not open to the external environment when the hemodialysis system is in use.3. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the second section is not open to the external environment when the hemodialysis system is in use. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/072,908, filed Feb. 27, 2008, entitled “Hemodialysis System and Methods,” which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/903,582, filed Feb. 27, 2007, entitled “Hemodialysis System and Methods,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/904,024 ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly. 1. A drain cassette for a dialysis unit , comprising:a venous connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, a venous blood line connector;an arterial connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, an arterial blood line connector;a fluid channel fluidly connecting the venous connection port and the arterial connection port;a drain outlet port in fluid communication with the fluid channel and arranged to removably couple with a drain connector on an exposed panel of the dialysis unit; anda valve arranged to control flow in the fluid channel,wherein the valve is arranged to control in the fluid channel to either controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain outlet port and the venous connection port or to controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain outlet port and the arterial connection port.2. The drain cassette of claim 1 , further comprising:a body that defines the arterial and venous connection ports and the fluid channel.3. The drain cassette of claim 1 , further ...

Systems and Methods for Detecting Vascular Access Disconnection

A system for detecting whether a vascular access has been interrupted in an arrangement in which two catheters or needles are present in a blood vessel, fistula or graft. A fluid line leading to a pump is connected via a first connector to a first indwelling catheter, and a fluid line leading from a pump is connected via a second connector to a second indwelling catheter. Each connector is equipped with an electrode in contact with the lumen of the connector, the electrodes electrically connected to an electronic circuit that measures the impedance or conductivity of fluid between the first connector and second connectors via a fluid path through the blood vessel, fistula or graft. An electronic controller receives the impedance or conductivity data and processes the data to determine whether a vascular access disconnection has occurred. The processing may involve filtering the signal received by the controller, and/or setting provisional flags for a disconnection event that may be cleared if the signal changes before the expiration of a counter. 1. A system for detecting dislodgment of a catheter or needle in a vascular access comprising a first and second catheter or needle in a blood vessel , fistula or graft , the system comprising:a first line fluidly connecting the first catheter or needle to an inlet of a pump;a second line fluidly connecting the second catheter or needle to an outlet of the pump;a first connector connecting the first line to the first catheter or needle, and a second connector connecting the second line to the second catheter or needle, each connector having an electrode in fluid communication with a fluid-carrying lumen of said connector;an electronic circuit electrically connected to the electrodes of the first and second connectors, and configured to measure electrical impedance of fluid between the first connector and the second connecter via a conductive path through the blood vessel, fistula or graft; sample and filter or smooth the ...

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet. 1. (canceled)2. A fluid-balancing cassette comprising:a first and a second fluid-balancing pod, each chamber pod having a first port separated from an opposing second port by a flexible membrane, the flexible membrane dividing the fluid-balancing pod into variable volume first and second chambers, wherein a total fluid volume of the fluid-balancing chamber pod is a sum of the volumes of the first and second chambers;a first and a second diaphragm pump, an outlet of the first diaphragm pump having a valved connection to the second port of the first fluid-balancing pod and an outlet of the second diaphragm pump having a valved connection to the second port of the second fluid-balancing pod, wherein a full stroke volume of each diaphragm pump matches the total fluid volume of the fluid-balancing pod to which it is connected;a first fluid flowpath connecting a first inlet of the cassette to a first outlet of the cassette, wherein the first fluid flowpath has separate valved connections to the first port of the first fluid-balancing pod and to the first port of the second fluid-balancing pod; anda second fluid flowpath connecting a second inlet of the cassette to a second outlet of the cassette, wherein the second fluid flowpath has separate valved connections to an inlet of ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING DISCONNECTION OF AN INTRAVASCULAR ACCESS DEVICE

An apparatus and method are disclosed for detecting the disconnection of a vascular access device such as a needle, cannula or catheter from a blood vessel or vascular graft segment. A pair of electrodes is placed in direct contact with fluid or blood in fluid communication with the vascular segment. In one embodiment, the electrodes are incorporated into a pair of connectors connecting arterial and venous catheters to arterial and venous tubes leading to and from an extracorporeal blood flow apparatus. Wires leading from the electrodes to a detecting circuit can be incorporated into a pair of double lumen arterial and venous tubes connecting the blood flow apparatus to the blood vessel or vascular graft. The detecting circuit is configured to provide a low-voltage alternating current signal to the electrodes to measure the electrical resistance between the electrodes, minimizing both the duration and amount of current being delivered. Detection of an increase in electrical resistance between the electrodes exceeding a pre-determined threshold value may be used to indicate a possible disconnection of the vascular access device. 119-. (canceled)20. An electrical circuit for measuring the resistance of a liquid between a first and second electrode , the first electrode connected to a first terminal of the electrical circuit , and the second electrode connected to a second terminal of the electrical circuit , comprising:{'b': 1', '2, 'a capacitor C connected on a first end to the first terminal and a capacitor C connected on a first end to the second terminal;'}{'b': '1', 'a known reference resistance Rref connected on a first end to a second end of capacitor C;'}switching means for connecting either;{'b': '2', 'a) a first reference voltage V+ to a second end of Rref, and a lower second reference voltage V− to a second end of C to form a first switch configuration or;'}{'b': 2', '1, 'b) the first reference voltage V+ to the second end of C and the lower second ...

System, Method, and Apparatus for Detecting Air in a Fluid Line Using Active Rectification

A circuit for detecting air, a related system, and a related method are provided. The circuit for detecting air includes a receiver connection and an air-detection circuit. The receiver connection is configured to provide a receiver signal. The air-detection circuit is in operative communication with the receiver connection to process the receiver signal to generate a processed signal corresponding to detected air. The air-detection circuit includes one or more active-rectifying elements configured to actively rectify the receiver signal to provide the processed signal.

FLUID PUMPING SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to certain types of reciprocating positive-displacement pumps (which may be referred to hereinafter as “pods,” “pump pods,” or “pod pumps”) used to pump fluids, such as a biological fluid (e.g., blood or peritoneal fluid), a therapeutic fluid (e.g., a medication solution), or a surfactant fluid. The pumps may be configured specifically to impart low shear forces and low turbulence on the fluid as the fluid is pumped from an inlet to an outlet. Such pumps may be particularly useful in pumping fluids that may be damaged by such shear forces (e.g., blood, and particularly heated blood, which is prone to hemolysis) or turbulence (e.g., surfectants or other fluids that may foam or otherwise be damaged or become unstable in the presence of turbulence). 182-. (canceled)83. A flexible diaphragm for use in a reciprocating positive-displacement pump , the diaphragm configured to be interposed between a pumping chamber of the pump and a control chamber of the pump , and having a pre-formed hemispheroid membrane having a pumping chamber side and an opposing control chamber side;wherein the diaphragm comprises a plurality of raised elements on the pumping chamber side of the membrane.8485-. (canceled)86. A flexible diaphragm according to claim 83 , wherein the raised elements comprise raised bumps claim 83 , dots claim 83 , bars claim 83 , ribs claim 83 , or rings.87. A flexible diaphragm according to claim 86 , wherein the diaphragm comprises a circular rim attached to or formed with a peripheral portion of the membrane.88. A flexible diaphragm according to claim 87 , wherein the rim is adapted for interconnection with at least one of a pumping chamber wall and an actuation chamber wall.89. A diaphragm according to or claim 87 , wherein the rim and the membrane are made from silicone.90. A diaphragm according to claim 89 , wherein the rim and the membrane are made from high-elongation silicone.9198-. (canceled)99. A flexible ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly. 182.-. (canceled)83. A drain cassette that is connectable to and disconnectable from a front panel of a dialysis unit by a user of the dialysis unit , comprising:a venous connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, a venous blood line connector that terminates a venous line of a blood circuit assembly;an arterial connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, an arterial blood line connector that terminates an arterial line of the blood circuit assembly;a fluid channel fluidly connecting the venous connection port and the arterial connection port;a drain outlet port in fluid communication with the fluid channel and arranged to removably couple with a drain connector on the front panel of the dialysis unit; anda valve arranged to control flow in the fluid channel,wherein the valve is arranged to control in the fluid channel to either controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain outlet port and the venous connection port, or to controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain ...

Modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system

A modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system may include a dialysis unit, e.g., that contains suitable components for performing hemodialysis, such as a dialyzer, one or more pumps to circulate blood through the dialyzer, a source of dialysate, and one or more pumps to circulate the dialysate through the dialyzer, and a power unit having a housing that contains suitable components for providing operating power to the pumps of the dialysis unit. The power unit may be selectively connected to the dialysis unit and provide power (e.g., pneumatic power in the form of pressure and/or vacuum) to the dialysis unit for the pumps when connected to the dialysis unit, but may be incapable of providing power to the dialysis unit when disconnected from the dialysis unit. The dialysis unit and the power unit are sized and weighted to each be carried by hand by a human.

CASSETTE SYSTEM INTEGRATED APPARATUS

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes. 120-. (canceled)21. An integrated cassette system comprising a fluid mixing cassette , a middle cassette and a fluid balancing cassette , the middle cassette interposed between the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette; a mixing chamber interposed between and fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the middle cassette, the mixing chamber having a first fluid port connected to the mixing cassette and a second fluid port connected to the middle cassette;', 'a mixing cassette reciprocating membrane pump interposed between and fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the middle cassette, the mixing cassette reciprocating membrane pump configured to pump fluid to the mixing chamber;', 'a balancing chamber interposed between the middle cassette and the balancing cassette, the balancing chamber comprising a flexible membrane separating the balancing chamber into a first fluid compartment and a second fluid compartment, the first fluid compartment in fluid communication with the middle cassette and the second fluid compartment in fluid communication with the fluid balancing cassette;', 'a balancing cassette reciprocating membrane pump interposed between and fluidly connected to the middle cassette and the balancing cassette, the balancing cassette reciprocating membrane pump configured to pump fluid into the first fluid compartment of the balancing chamber, displacing an equal volume of fluid from the second fluid compartment of the ...

BLOOD CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY FOR A HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient. 1. A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit , comprising:an organizing tray;a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient;an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit;a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit; anda pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.2. The blood circuit assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an anticoagulant connection for engaging with an anticoagulant source and providing anticoagulant into the circuit.3. The blood circuit assembly of claim 2 , further comprising a pump for pumping anticoagulant from the anticoagulant source to the circuit.4. The blood circuit assembly of claim 3 , wherein the pair of pneumatic pumps claim 3 , the anticoagulant connection claim 3 , and the anticoagulant pump are part of a pump cassette.5. The blood circuit assembly of claim 4 , wherein the inlet blood line connector is connected to an inlet for the pump cassette claim 4 , an ...

System, Method, and Apparatus for Detecting Air in a Fluid Line Using Active Rectification

A circuit for detecting air, a related system, and a related method are provided. The circuit for detecting air includes a receiver connection and an air-detection circuit. The receiver connection is configured to provide a receiver signal. The air-detection circuit is in operative communication with the receiver connection to process the receiver signal to generate a processed signal corresponding to detected air. The air-detection circuit includes one or more active-rectifying elements configured to actively rectify the receiver signal to provide the processed signal. 1. A system for detecting air , the system comprising:a transmitter configured to transduce a driver signal to ultrasonic vibrations;a receiver configured to receive the ultrasonic vibrations and transduce the ultrasonic vibrations to provide a receiver signal; andan air-detection circuit in operative communication with the receiver to process the receiver signal to generate a processed signal corresponding to detected air, the air-detection circuit comprising at least one active-rectifying element configured to actively rectify the receiver signal to provide the processed signal.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitter and receiver are configured to pass the ultrasonic vibrations through a tube such that the processed signal corresponds to detected air within the tube.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the tube is a medical tube.4. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the tube is an intravenous fluid tube.5. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the tube carries blood.6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to be part of an infusion pump.7. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to be part of a dialysis apparatus.8. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the air-detection circuit is configured to detect a bubble.9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the air-detection circuit compares the ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. In one set of embodiments, a hemodialysis system may include a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path, where the dialysate flow path includes one or more of a balancing circuit, a mixing circuit, and/or a directing circuit. Preparation of dialysate by the preparation circuit, in some instances, may be decoupled from patient dialysis. In some cases, the circuits are defined, at least partially, within one or more cassettes, optionally interconnected with conduits, pumps, or the like. In one embodiment, the fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be at least partially isolated, spatially and/or thermally, from electrical components of the hemodialysis system. In some cases, a gas supply may be provided in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate to pass through the dialyzer and urge blood in the blood flow path back to the patient. Such a system may be useful, for example, in certain emergency situations (e.g., a power failure) where it is desirable to return as much blood to the patient as possible. The hemodialysis system may also include, in another aspect of the invention, one or more fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, or the like, which can be actuated using a control fluid, such as air. In some cases, the control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using an external pump or other device, which may be detachable in certain instances. In one embodiment, one or more of the fluid handling devices may be generally rigid (e.g., having a spheroid shape), optionally with a diaphragm contained within the device, dividing it into first and second ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Hemodialysis systems are described. A hemodialysis system may include a dialysate flow path through which dialysate is passed from a dialysate reservoir, which includes a valved vent to atmosphere, to an ultrafilter. The dialysate flow path includes a pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based dialysate pump for pumping fluid from the dialysate reservoir to the ultrafilter. The hemodialysis system may include a controller for controlling pneumatic actuation pressure delivered to the dialysate pump and at least one valve connecting the dialysate reservoir vent to the atmosphere. The hemodialysis system may be configured to actuate the dialysate pump and the at least one valve to introduce air into the dialysate flow path and expel liquid from the dialysate flow path to a drain. 1142.-. (canceled)143. A hemodialysis system comprising:a dialysate flow path through which dialysate is passed from a dialysate reservoir to an ultrafilter;the dialysate flow path comprising a pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based dialysate pump for pumping fluid from the dialysate reservoir to the ultrafilter;the dialysate reservoir including a valved vent to atmosphere; anda controller for controlling pneumatic actuation pressure delivered to the dialysate pump and at least one valve connecting the dialysate reservoir vent to the atmosphere;wherein the hemodialysis system is configured to actuate the dialysate pump and the at least one valve to introduce air into the dialysate flow path and expel liquid from the dialysate flow path to a drain.144. The hemodialysis system of claim 143 , wherein the dialysate pump comprises a pneumatic actuation chamber separated from a pumping chamber by a flexible diaphragm claim 143 , the pneumatic actuation chamber in communication with a pressure sensor claim 143 , and wherein pressure data from the pressure sensor is monitored by the controller while air is pumped by the dialysate pump from the dialysate reservoir to the ultrafilter.145. The hemodialysis ...

CASSETTE SYSTEM INTEGRATED APPARATUS

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes. 18.-. (canceled)9. A fluid balancing cassette comprising:a first fluid flowpath and a separate, second fluid flowpath, each said first fluid flowpath and second fluid flowpath having a separate inlet to the cassette and a separate outlet from the cassette;a first fluid balancing pod having a fixed first total fluid volume and comprising a flexible membrane separating a first chamber from a second chamber, the sum of a first chamber volume plus a second chamber volume equal to the fixed first total fluid volume;the first chamber connected to the first fluid flowpath between a first fluid flowpath inlet valve and a first fluid flowpath outlet valve, and the second chamber connected to the second fluid flowpath between a second fluid flowpath inlet valve and a second fluid flowpath outlet valve;wherein said valves are pneumatically actuated membrane valves, and the first fluid flowpath inlet valve and the second fluid flowpath outlet valve are ganged together by being connected via a common actuation port or pneumatic line at a single pneumatic pressure to a pneumatic supply source able to controllably pressurize the common actuation port or pneumatic line to the single pneumatic pressure to actuate both the first fluid flowpath inlet valve and the second fluid flowpath outlet valve at the same time.101. The fluid balancing cassette of claim , further comprising a second fluid balancing pod having a fixed second total fluid volume and ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Disclosed are hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems including fluid flow circuits. Hemodialysis systems may include a blood flow path, and a dialysate flow path including balancing, mixing, and/or a directing circuits. Preparation of dialysate may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply may be provided that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. Such a system may be useful during a power failure. The hemodialysis system may also include fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, etc., actuated using a control fluid. The control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using a detachable external pump. The fluid handling devices may have a spheroid shape with a diaphragm dividing it into two compartments. 181.-. (canceled)82. A hemodialysis system , comprising:a blood flow path through which blood is drawn from a patient and passed through a dialyzer;the blood flow path comprising a pump cassette that includes at least one pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based blood pump for pumping blood;the pump cassette including a pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based medication pump for pumping medication into the blood flow path;the medication pump being in valved connection with an air vent on the pump cassette; anda controller for controlling pneumatic actuation pressure delivered to the blood pump, medication pump and one or more diaphragm-based valves that connect the blood pump, medication pump and air vent to the blood flow path;wherein the hemodialysis system is configured to actuate the blood pump or medication pump, and the one or more valves to introduce air into the blood flow path and expel liquid from the blood flow path to a drain.83. The hemodialysis system of claim 82 , wherein the at least one blood pump comprises a ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. According to one aspect, a blood pump is configured to pump blood to a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus, the blood pump comprising a pneumatically actuated or controlled reciprocating diaphragm pump. In an embodiment, the diaphragm of the pump comprises a flexible membrane formed or molded to generally conform to a curved inner wall of a pumping chamber or control chamber of the pump, wherein the diaphragm is pre-formed or molded to have a control side taking a convex shape, so that any elastic tension on the diaphragm is minimized when fully extended into a control chamber of the pump. 1. A flexible diaphragm for use in a reciprocating diaphragm pump , the diaphragm pump comprising a first rigid body having a curved pumping chamber wall , a second rigid body having an opposing curved control chamber wall , the diaphragm configured to be interposed between the pumping chamber wall and the control chamber wall , the diaphragm comprising:a peripheral bead arranged to locate the diaphragm between the first rigid body and the second rigid body;a diaphragm body having a curved, semi-spheroid or domed shape, the diaphragm body configured to generally conform to a curved inner surface of the pumping chamber wall or a curved inner surface of the control chamber wall, and the diaphragm body having a pumping side arranged to face the inner surface of the pumping chamber wall and an opposing control side arranged to face the inner surface of the control chamber wall;a transition region between the bead and the diaphragm body, the transition region arranged to be pinched or clamped between a clamping region of the first rigid body and an opposing clamping region of the second rigid ...

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet. 1. A pumping cassette comprising:a housing comprising at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines;at least one balancing pod within said housing and in fluid connection with said fluid paths, whereby said balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of said first fluid equals the volume of said second fluid and wherein said balancing pod comprising a membrane wherein said membrane forming two balancing chambers; andat least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps within said housing wherein said pressure pump pumps said fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and said second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.2. The cassette claimed in wherein said reciprocating pressure displacement pumps comprising:a curved rigid chamber wall; anda flexible membrane attached to said rigid chamber wall, whereby said flexible membrane and said rigid chamber wall define a pumping chamber.3. The cassette claimed in wherein said housing further comprising:a top plate;a midplate; anda bottom plate.4. The cassette claimed in further comprising a metering pump within said housing and fluidly connected to a fluid line claim 1 , wherein said metering pump pumps a volume of a fluid.5. The ...

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes a housing having at least, one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. The cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps a fluid from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet line. A hollow spike is also included on the housing as well as at least one metering pump The metering pump is fluidly connected to the hollow spike on the housing and to a metering pump fluid line. The metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line. 1outlet line;a housing comprising at least one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid a hollow spike on said housing; and', 'at least one metering pump, said metering pump fluidly connected to said hollow spike on said housing and to a metering pump fluid line, wherein said metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to said fluid outlet line., 'at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within said housing wherein said pressure pump pumps a fluid from said fluid inlet line to said fluid outlet line;'}. A pump cassette comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/056,701, filed on Feb. 29, 2016 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,550,018 on Jan. 24, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/624,460, filed on Sep. 21, 2012 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,272,082 on Mar. 1, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/871,680, filed on Oct. 12, 2007 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,273,049 on Sep. 25, 2012, which claims priority from the following U.S. Provisional Patent Applications:U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/904,024 entitled Hemodialysis System and Methods filed on Feb. 27, 2007; andU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/921,314 entitled Sensor Apparatus filed on Apr. 2, 2007. All of the above-indicated priority applications are hereby incorporated by ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments. 1218.-. (canceled)219. An accumulator , comprising:a chamber having at least one port for receiving liquid into the chamber;a moveable diaphragm in the chamber that separates a liquid side of the chamber from a gas side of the chamber; anda vent arranged to continuously vent the gas side of the chamber.220. A dialysis system , comprising:a mixing circuit arranged to combine at least water and one ingredient to form dialysate used in a dialysis treatment;a water supply arranged to provide water to the mixing circuit via a water supply conduit; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00219', 'claim 219'}, 'the accumulator of arranged to receive and release water via the at least one port in fluid communication with the water supply conduit.'}221. The system of claim 220 , wherein the accumulator is arranged to store a volume of water equal to about 27 ml.222. The system of claim 220 , wherein the accumulator is arranged to receive and hold water from the water supply conduit during periods when the mixing circuit is not drawing water from the water supply ...

AUTOMATED CONTROL MECHANISMS IN A HEMODIALYSIS APPARATUS

Systems for monitoring fluid flow in an extracorporeal blood circuit are described. The blood circuit of such systems can include plod pump having a pumping chamber of the blood pump separated from a control chamber of the blood pump by a flexible diaphragm. The control chamber can be configured to transmit positive or negative pressure to operate the diaphragm. The system can include a pressure sensor configured to measure pressure in the control chamber of the blood pump, and a controller configured to receive information from the pressure sensor and to control the delivery of pressure to the control chamber of the blood pump. The controller can also be configured to cause the application of a time-varying pressure waveform on the blood pump diaphragm during a fill-stroke of the blood pump, and to monitor a pressure variation in the control chamber measured by the pressure sensor. When so configured, such controller can transmit a value representing a magnitude of the measured pressure variation to a display associated with the extracorporeal blood circuit. 135.-. (canceled)36. A system for monitoring fluid flow in an extracorporeal blood circuit comprising:a pumping chamber of the blood pump separated from a control chamber of the blood pump by a flexible diaphragm, the control chamber configured to transmit positive or negative pressure to operate the diaphragm;a pressure sensor configured to measure pressure in the control chamber of the blood pump;a controller configured to receive information from the pressure sensor, and configured to control the delivery of pressure to the control chamber of the blood pump;wherein the controller is configured to cause the application of a time-varying pressure waveform on the blood pump diaphragm during a fill-stroke of the blood pump, and to monitor a pressure variation in the control chamber measured by the pressure sensor, and wherein the controller transmits a value representing a magnitude of the measured pressure ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING DISCONNECTION OF AN INTRAVASCULAR ACCESS DEVICE

An apparatus and method are disclosed for detecting the disconnection of a vascular access device such as a needle, cannula or catheter from a blood vessel or vascular graft segment. A pair of electrodes is placed in direct contact with fluid or blood in fluid communication with the vascular segment. In one embodiment, the electrodes are incorporated into a pair of connectors connecting arterial and venous catheters to arterial and venous tubes leading to and from an extracorporeal blood flow apparatus. Wires leading from the electrodes to a detecting circuit can be incorporated into a pair of double lumen arterial and venous tubes connecting the blood flow apparatus to the blood vessel or vascular graft. The detecting circuit is configured to provide a low-voltage alternating current signal to the electrodes to measure the electrical resistance between the electrodes, minimizing both the duration and amount of current being delivered. Detection of an increase in electrical resistance between the electrodes exceeding a pre-determined threshold value may be used to indicate a possible disconnection of the vascular access device. 119-. (canceled)20. An electrical circuit for measuring the resistance of a liquid between a first and second electrode , the first electrode connected to a first terminal of the electrical circuit , and the second electrode connected to a second terminal of the electrical circuit , comprising:{'b': 1', '2, 'a capacitor C connected on a first end to the first terminal and a capacitor C connected on a first end to the second terminal;'}{'b': '1', 'a known reference resistance Rref connected on a first end to a second end of capacitor C;'}switching means for connecting either;{'b': '2', 'a) a first reference voltage V+ to a second end of Rref, and a lower second reference voltage V− to a second end of C to form a first switch configuration or;'}{'b': 2', '1, 'b) the first reference voltage V+ to the second end of C and the lower second ...

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes a housing having at least, one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. The cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps a fluid from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet line. A hollow spike is also included on the housing as well as at least one metering pump The metering pump is fluidly connected to the hollow spike on the housing and to a metering pump fluid line. The metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line. 122.-. (canceled)23. A fluid pumping cassette comprising: the actuation chamber having an actuation port for connection to a pneumatic air source to provide positive or negative pneumatic pressure to the flexible membrane;', 'the fluid pumping chamber having a first fluid port, second fluid port, and third fluid port for directing the movement of a fluid;, 'a fluid pumping chamber separated from an actuation chamber by a flexible membrane;'}, 'a metering pump, the metering pump comprisinga first fluid valve being interposed between the first fluid port and a first fluid path in the fluid pumping cassette;a second fluid valve being interposed between the second fluid port and a second fluid path in the fluid pumping cassette; and the metering pump is configured to pump a first fluid from the first fluid path to the second fluid path by operation of the first, second and third fluid valves; and', 'the metering pump is configured to pump a second fluid from the second fluid path to the third fluid path by operation of the first, second and third fluid valves., 'a third fluid valve being interposed between the third fluid port and a third fluid path in the fluid pumping cassette, wherein'}24. The fluid pumping cassette of claim 23 , wherein the first fluid is air.25. The fluid pumping cassette of claim 23 , wherein the third fluid path is in fluid communication with a fourth ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Hemodialysis dialysis systems are disclosed. Hemodialysis systems of the invention may include a dialysate flow path including a balancing circuit, a mixing circuit, and/or a directing circuit. The circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuits may be at least partially isolated, spatially and/or thermally, from electrical components of the system. A gas supply may be provided in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer to, urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. The hemodialysis systems may include fluid handling devices actuated using a control fluid, optionally delivered using detachable pump. Fluid handling devices may be generally rigid and of a spheroid shape, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into compartments. 1. A hemodialysis system comprising:a dialysis unit comprising an automation computer and dialysis equipment;a user interface unit comprising a user interface computer and a user interface, the user interface being adapted to display information and receive inputs;wherein the automation computer is configured to receive requests for safety-critical information from the user interface computer, and the automation computer is configured to access the safety-critical information on behalf of the user interface computer; andwherein the user interface computer is configured to display information related to a dialysis process via the user interface using the safety-critical information.2. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the safety-critical information relates to a state of a display of the user interface claim 1 , the state of the display being based claim 1 , at least in part claim 1 , on a state of the dialysis process.3. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the safety-critical information comprises data collected from the dialysis process.4. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the user interface computer is configured to receive an ...

AUTOMATED CONTROL MECHANISMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING FLUID FLOW IN A HEMODIALYSIS APPARATUS

Automated control mechanisms and methods for controlling fluid flow in a hemodialysis apparatus are described. The methods can involve a controller receiving information from a pressure sensor in a control chamber of a reciprocating diaphragm-based blood pump and causing the application of a time-varying pressure waveform on a diaphragm of the blood pump during a fill-stroke of the blood pump. The controller can be configured and programmed to monitor a pressure variation in the control chamber measured by the pressure sensor and to compare the measured pressure variation to a pre-determined value. Based on such comparison, the controller can initiate a procedure to pause or stop a dialysate pump of the hemodialysis apparatus if the magnitude of the measured pressure variation deviates from the pre-determined value. 145.-. (canceled)46. A method for controlling fluid flow in a hemodialysis apparatus comprising:a controller receiving information from a pressure sensor in a control chamber of a reciprocating diaphragm-based blood pump;the controller causing the application of a time-varying pressure waveform on a diaphragm of the blood pump during a fill-stroke of the blood pump;the controller monitoring a pressure variation in the control chamber measured by the pressure sensor;the controller comparing the measured pressure variation to a pre-determined value; andthe controller initiating a procedure to pause or stop a dialysate pump of the hemodialysis apparatus if the magnitude of the measured pressure variation deviates from the pre-determined value.47. The method of claim 46 , further comprising the controller comparing a pressure variation in the control chamber measured by the pressure sensor with a target signal or target pressure variation induced by the controller claim 46 , and the controller initiating a procedure to pause or stop the dialysate pump if a deviation between the measured pressure variation and the target signal or pressure variation is ...

CASSETTE SYSTEM INTEGRATED APPARATUS

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes. 120-. (canceled)21. A pump cassette for controlling flow of a fluid using one or more pneumatically actuated diaphragm pumps or diaphragm valves , the pump cassette comprising:a middle plate interposed between a top plate and a bottom plate;the top plate and middle plate defining a first group of fluid flow paths;the bottom plate and middle plate defining a first group of pneumatic actuation paths;the middle plate comprising a first group of valve or pump regions, each said valve or pump region is configured to hold a flexible diaphragm that separates a fluid volume defined by the diaphragm and the top plate from a pneumatic actuation volume defined by the diaphragm and the bottom plate; and', 'wherein each said pneumatic actuation volume is fluidly connected to one or more of said first group of pneumatic actuation paths, and each said fluid volume is fluidly connected to one or more of said first group of fluid flow paths., 'wherein for the first group of valve or pump regions22. The pump cassette of claim 21 , further comprising a first group of pneumatic control ports claim 21 , wherein each pneumatic control port of said first group of pneumatic control ports is fluidly connected to one or more of said pneumatic actuation volumes of the first group of valve or pump regions.23. The pump cassette of claim 22 , wherein each said pneumatic control port of the first group of pneumatic control ports is formed from the bottom plate.24. The ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. According to one aspect, a blood pump is configured to pump blood to a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus, the blood pump comprising a pneumatically actuated or controlled reciprocating diaphragm pump. In an embodiment, the diaphragm of the pump comprises a flexible membrane formed or molded to generally conform to a curved inner wall of a pumping chamber or control chamber of the pump, wherein the diaphragm is pre-formed or molded to have a control side taking a convex shape, so that any elastic tension on the diaphragm is minimized when fully extended into a control chamber of the pump. In another aspect, a system for monitoring the adequacy of blood flow in a blood line of the hemodialysis apparatus allows a controller to suspend dialysate pumping operations if the adequacy of blood flow in the blood line is sub-optimal, and to present information on a display on the quality of blood flow in the blood line. 1. A flexible diaphragm for use in a reciprocating diaphragm pump , the diaphragm pump comprising a first rigid body having a curved pumping chamber wall , a second rigid body having an opposing curved control chamber wall , the diaphragm configured to be interposed between the pumping chamber wall and the control chamber wall , the diaphragm comprising:a peripheral bead arranged to locate the diaphragm between the first rigid body and the second rigid body;a diaphragm body having a curved, semi-spheroid or domed shape, the diaphragm body configured to generally conform to a curved inner surface of the pumping chamber wall or a curved inner surface of the control chamber wall, and the diaphragm body having a pumping side arranged to face the inner surface of the pumping ...

Pumping cassette

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes a housing having at least one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. The cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps a fluid from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet line. A hollow spike is also included on the housing as well as at least one metering pump. The metering pump is fluidly connected to the hollow spike on the housing and to a metering pump fluid line. The metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line. 120.-. (canceled)22. The fluid pumping cassette of claim 21 , further comprising one or more diaphragm valves comprising a flexible valve diaphragm separating a valve actuation chamber wall of the bottom plate from a valve fluid chamber wall of the second side of the middle plate claim 21 , the valve actuation chamber wall comprising a valve actuation port configured for connection to the source of positive or negative pneumatic pressure claim 21 , and the valve fluid chamber wall of the middle plate including two valve fluid ports communicating with respective valve fluid channels in the top plate facing the middle plate claim 21 , wherein the valve diaphragm is configured to occlude or permit fluid flow between the two valve fluid ports.23. The fluid pumping cassette of claim 22 , wherein a first one of said one or more diaphragm valves is interposed between the fluid inlet of the middle plate and an inlet channel of the primary pump fluid chamber claim 22 , and wherein a second one of said one or more diaphragm valves is interposed between the fluid outlet of the middle plate and an outlet channel of the primary pump fluid chamber.24. The fluid pumping cassette of claim 23 , further comprising a second one of the primary diaphragm pumps claim 23 , wherein a third one of said one or more diaphragm valves is interposed between the fluid inlet of the middle plate and an ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. According to one aspect, a blood pump is configured to pump blood to a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus, the blood pump comprising a pneumatically actuated or controlled reciprocating diaphragm pump. In an embodiment, the diaphragm of the pump comprises a flexible membrane formed or molded to generally conform to a curved inner wall of a pumping chamber or control chamber of the pump, wherein the diaphragm is pre-formed or molded to have a control side taking a convex shape, so that any elastic tension on the diaphragm is minimized when fully extended into a control chamber of the pump. In another aspect, a system for monitoring the adequacy of blood flow in a blood line of the hemodialysis apparatus allows a controller to suspend dialysate pumping operations if the adequacy of blood flow in the blood line is sub-optimal, and to present information on a display on the quality of blood flow in the blood line. 1. A flexible diaphragm for use in a reciprocating diaphragm pump , the diaphragm pump comprising a first rigid body having a curved pumping chamber wall , a second rigid body having an opposing curved control chamber wall , the diaphragm configured to be interposed between the pumping chamber wall and the control chamber wall , the diaphragm comprising:a peripheral bead arranged to locate the diaphragm between the first rigid body and the second rigid body;to a diaphragm body having a curved, semi-spheroid or domed shape, the diaphragm body configured to generally conform to a curved inner surface of the pumping chamber wall or a curved inner surface of the control chamber wall, and the diaphragm body having a pumping side arranged to face the inner surface of the ...

BLOOD CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY FOR A HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient. 123-. (canceled)24. A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit comprising an organizing tray , the organizing tray including:a pair of diaphragm pumps for circulating blood through a dialyzer, the diaphragm pumps each having a rigid pumping chamber wall separated from a rigid control chamber wall by a flexible diaphragm defining a pumping compartment and a control compartment, the control chamber wall including a pneumatic control port configured to plug directly into a corresponding port located on a front panel of the dialysis unit;a mount for an air trap configured to receive blood from an outlet of the dialyzer via a first flexible tube and to send blood to a first blood line connector via a second flexible tube;a first guide for holding the second flexible tube;a second guide for holding a third flexible tube extending from an inlet of the diaphragm pumps to a second blood line connector, whereinthe first and second guides comprise tube engagement members configured to place the second and third flexible tubes in alignment for mounting in a tubing occluder on the front panel of the dialysis unit.25. The blood circuit assembly of claim 24 , wherein the organizing tray comprises a third guide for holding a fourth flexible tube extending from an outlet of the diaphragm pumps to an inlet of the ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands. 134-. (canceled)35. A system for delivering a liquid or air to an extracorporeal blood circuit in a hemodialysis apparatus comprising: (a) a reciprocating membrane-based blood pump in which a pumping chamber of the blood pump is separated from a control chamber of the blood pump by a blood pump membrane operated by pneumatic pressure applied to the blood pump control chamber via at least one of said pneumatic ports, the blood pump fluidly connecting an inlet to an outlet of the pump cassette through a blood flow-path between the top plate and bottom plate of the pump cassette;', a liquid flow-path between the top plate and bottom plate of the pump cassette, the liquid flow-path fluidly connected to the blood flow-path;', 'a hollow spike on the top plate of the pump cassette, the hollow spike configured to fluidly connect a liquid-containing container to the metering pump through a passageway in the top plate; and', 'an air vent on the top plate of the pump cassette, the air vent configured to fluidly connect to the metering pump through a passageway in the top plate; and, '(b) a metering pump having a pumping chamber in valved fluid communication with, '(c) a first metering pump valve interposed between the metering pump and the ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Disclosed are hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems including fluid flow circuits. Hemodialysis systems may include a blood flow path, and a dialysate flow path including balancing, mixing, and/or a directing circuits. Preparation of dialysate may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply may be provided that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. Such a system may be useful during a power failure. The hemodialysis system may also include fluid handling to devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, etc., actuated using a control fluid. The control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using a detachable external pump. The fluid handling devices may have a spheroid shape with a diaphragm dividing it into two compartments. 121-. (canceled)22. A hemodialysis system , comprising:a blood flow path through which untreated blood is drawn from a patient and passed through a dialyzer;a dialysate flow path through which dialysate flows from a dialysate supply through the dialyzer, the dialyzer permitting dialysate to pass from the dialysate flow path to the blood flow path;a fluid supply;a chamber in fluid communication with the fluid supply and the dialysate fluid path, the chamber having a diaphragm separating fluid of the fluid supply from dialysate of the dialysate flow path; anda pressurizing device for pressurizing the fluid supply to urge the diaphragm against the dialysate in the chamber, so as to cause the dialysate to pass through the dialyzer and urge blood in the blood flow path back to the patient.23. The hemodialysis system of claim 22 , wherein the blood flow path is defined by a blood flow cassette.24. The hemodialysis system of claim 23 , wherein the blood flow cassette comprises a pod pump.25. The hemodialysis system of claim 24 , ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Hemodialysis dialysis systems are disclosed. Hemodialysis systems of the invention may include a dialysate flow path including a balancing circuit, a mixing circuit, and/or a directing circuit. The circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuits may be at least partially isolated, spatially and/or thermally, from electrical components of the system. A gas supply may be provided in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer to, urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. The hemodialysis systems may include fluid handling devices actuated using a control fluid, optionally delivered using detachable pump. Fluid handling devices may be generally rigid and of a spheroid shape, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into compartments. 122-. (canceled)23. A cassette , comprising:a first flow path connecting a first inlet to a first outlet;a second flow path connecting a second inlet to a second outlet;a control fluid path;at least two pumps, each pump comprising a rigid vessel containing a diaphragm dividing the rigid vessel into a first compartment and a second compartment, the first compartment of each pump being in fluidic communication with the control fluid path and the second compartment being in fluidic communication with the second flow path;a balancing chamber able to balance flow between the first flow path and the second flow path; anda control device able to open at least one valve directly controlling fluid within the balancing chamber using pulse-width modulation.24. The cassette of claim 23 , wherein the diaphragm is flexible.2533-. (canceled) This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/745,730, filed Jan. 18, 2013, entitled “Hemodialysis Systems and Methods,” which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/199,452, filed Aug. 27, 2008, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,357,298 on Jan. 22, 2013, entitled “Hemodialysis Systems and Methods,” ...

AIR TRAP FOR A MEDICAL INFUSION DEVICE

An air trap for a blood circuit and method for removing air from blood in a dialysis unit. The air trap may include a blood inlet supply line, a blood outlet supply line, and a container having an approximately spherical internal wall, an inlet at a top end of the container connected to the blood inlet supply line, and an outlet at a bottom end of the container connected to the blood outlet supply line. The inlet may be offset from a vertical axis of the approximately spherical internal wall such that blood entering the container is directed to flow in a spiral-like path. The inlet port may be arranged to introduce blood into the container in a direction that is approximately tangential to the approximately spherical inner wall of the container and/or in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the vertical axis of the container. 19.-. (canceled)10. A dialysis system comprising:an air trap; anda fluid pump configured to pump fluid from an upper inlet to a lower outlet of the air trap;the air trap comprising:a container having an approximately spherical or spheroid-shaped internal wall defining a chamber,the inlet of the air trap positioned at a top end of the container and the outlet of the air trap positioned at a bottom end of the container,the inlet being offset from a vertical axis of the container such that fluid entering the chamber through the inlet is directed to flow along the internal wall toward the outlet;wherein the air trap is configured to accumulate undissolved gas from the fluid at the top end of the container, andthe pump is configured to pump the fluid in a reverse direction from the outlet to the inlet of the air trap to remove accumulated gas from the container.11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the container is formed by an approximately spherical shell.12. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a dialyzer fluidly connected to the inlet of the air trap.13. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a self-sealing port located ...

CASSETTE SYSTEM INTEGRATED APPARATUS

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes. 18-. (canceled)9. A pump cassette comprising:a primary membrane pump comprising a pumping chamber having an inlet fluidly connected to a first cassette inlet;a mixing chamber having an inlet fluidly connected to an outlet of the primary membrane pump, and an outlet fluidly connected to a cassette outlet;a first metering pump having an inlet fluidly connected to a second cassette inlet, and an outlet fluidly connected to the inlet of the primary membrane pump; anda second metering pump having an inlet fluidly connected to a third cassette inlet, and an outlet fluidly connected to the inlet of the mixing chamber, whereina) the pumping chamber of the primary membrane pump is arranged to receive a first fluid via the first cassette inlet, and to receive a second fluid from the second cassette inlet, the second fluid being pumped by the first metering pump;b) the mixing chamber is arranged to receive a third fluid via the third cassette inlet, the third fluid being pumped by the second metering pump; andc) the pumping chamber of the primary membrane pump is configured to accommodate a pre-determined volume of first fluid via the first cassette inlet and a pre-determined volume of second fluid via the first metering pump, and the mixing chamber is configured to accommodate a pre-determined volume of first and second fluids from the primary membrane pump and a pre-determined volume of third fluid from the second metering pump, resulting in a ...

Blood circuit assembly for a hemodialysis system

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING VASCULAR ACCESS DISCONNECTION

A system for detecting whether a vascular access has been interrupted in an arrangement in which two catheters or needles are present in a blood vessel, fistula or graft. A fluid line leading to a pump is connected via a first connector to a first indwelling catheter, and a fluid line leading from a pump is connected via a second connector to a second indwelling catheter. Each connector is equipped with an electrode in contact with the lumen of the connector, the electrodes electrically connected to an electronic circuit that measures the impedance or conductivity of fluid between the first connector and second connectors via a fluid path through the blood vessel, fistula or graft. An electronic controller receives the impedance or conductivity data and processes the data to determine whether a vascular access disconnection has occurred. The processing may involve filtering the signal received by the controller, and/or setting provisional flags for a disconnection event that may be cleared if the signal changes before the expiration of a counter. 134.-. (canceled)35. A system for detecting replacement of blood by dialysate solution in a blood tubing set of a hemodialysis apparatus in which dialysate is pumped from a dialysate side to a blood side of a dialyzer , the system comprising:a first fluid line fluidly connecting a first catheter or needle in a blood vessel, fistula or graft to an inlet of a blood pump;a second fluid line fluidly connecting a second catheter or needle in the blood vessel, fistula or graft to an outlet of the blood pump;a first connector connecting the first fluid line to the first catheter or needle, and a second connector connecting the second fluid line to the second catheter or needle, the first connector having a first electrode in fluid communication with a fluid carrying lumen of said first connector, and the second connector having a second electrode in fluid communication with a fluid carrying lumen of said second connector;an ...

Blood treatment systems and methods

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands.

Blood treatment systems and methods

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. According to one aspect, a blood pump is configured to pump blood to a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus, the blood pump comprising a pneumatically actuated or controlled reciprocating diaphragm pump. In an embodiment, the diaphragm of the pump comprises a flexible membrane formed or molded to generally conform to a curved inner wall of a pumping chamber or control chamber of the pump, wherein the diaphragm is pre-formed or molded to have a control side taking a convex shape, so that any elastic tension on the diaphragm is minimized when fully extended into a control chamber of the pump. In another aspect, a system for monitoring the adequacy of blood flow in a blood line of the hemodialysis apparatus allows a controller to suspend dialysate pumping operations if the adequacy of blood flow in the blood line is sub-optimal, and to present information on a display on the quality of blood flow in the blood line.

FLUID PUMPING SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to certain types of reciprocating positive-displacement pumps (which may be referred to hereinafter as “pods,” “pump pods,” or “pod pumps”) used to pump fluids, such as a biological fluid (e.g., blood or peritoneal fluid), a therapeutic fluid (e.g., a medication solution), or a surfactant fluid. The pumps may be configured specifically to impart low shear forces and low turbulence on the fluid as the fluid is pumped from an inlet to an outlet. Such pumps may be particularly useful in pumping fluids that may be damaged by such shear forces (e.g., blood, and particularly heated blood, which is prone to hemolysis) or turbulence (e.g., surfectants or other fluids that may foam or otherwise be damaged or become unstable in the presence of turbulence). 1. A reciprocating positive-displacement pump comprising:a hemispherical rigid chamber wall;a flexible membrane attached to the rigid chamber wall, so that the flexible membrane and rigid chamber wall define a pumping chamber;an inlet for directing flow through the rigid chamber wall into the pumping chamber in a direction that is substantially tangential to the rigid chamber wall; andan outlet for directing flow through the rigid chamber wall out of the pumping chamber in a direction that is substantially tangential to the rigid chamber wall.2. A reciprocating positive-displacement pump comprising:a hemispherical rigid chamber wall;a flexible membrane attached to the rigid chamber wall, so that the flexible membrane and rigid chamber wall define a pumping chamber;an inlet for directing flow through the rigid chamber wall into the pumping chamber in a direction that provides low-shear flow into the pumping chamber; andan outlet for directing flow through the rigid chamber wall out of the pumping chamber in a direction that provides low-shear flow out of the pumping chamber.3. A reciprocating positive-displacement pump comprising:a hemispheroid rigid chamber wall; the ...

CASSETTE SYSTEM INTEGRATED APPARATUS

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes. 1. A pumping cassette comprising:a housing comprising at least two fluid lines comprising a first inlet fluid line and a first outlet fluid line for a first liquid, and a second inlet fluid line and a second outlet fluid line for a second liquid;at least one balancing pod within said housing and in fluid connection with said fluid lines, said balancing pod comprising a first chamber separated from a second chamber by a flexible membrane, the first chamber in fluid connection with the first line, and the second chamber in fluid connection with the second line, wherein said balancing pod balances the flow of the first fluid with the flow of the second fluid; andat least one reciprocating positive displacement membrane pump within said housing, said membrane pump having an interior cavity comprising an actuation chamber separated from a pumping chamber by a flexible membrane, wherein a stroke of said membrane pump is configured to pump a first_volume of the second fluid to the second chamber of the balancing pod, displacing the first volume of the first fluid from the first chamber of the balancing pod.2. The cassette claimed in wherein said reciprocating positive displacement pumps comprises:a curved rigid chamber wall; anda flexible membrane attached to said rigid chamber wall, wherein said flexible membrane and said rigid chamber wall define a pumping chamber.3. The cassette claimed in claim 1 , wherein said housing further comprises:a top ...

BLOOD CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY FOR A HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient. 114.-. (canceled)15. A method for replacing a blood circuit assembly of a dialysis unit , comprising:grasping a pair of handles on an organizing tray of a blood circuit assembly that is mounted to a dialysis unit, the blood circuit assembly including a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors;disengaging locking tabs of the dialysis unit from the blood circuit assembly to free the blood circuit assembly from the dialysis unit; andpulling on the handles on the organizing tray of the blood circuit assembly to remove the blood circuit assembly from the dialysis unit.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of disengaging locking tabs comprises:flexing the locking tabs away from each other such that each locking tab is moved toward a nearest one of the handles.17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:providing a replacement blood circuit assembly for installation on the dialysis unit;aligning openings in the organizing tray of the ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly. 152.-. (canceled)53. A blood circuit assembly engagement device for a dialysis unit , comprising:an actuator movably mounted to a panel of the dialysis unit adjacent a plurality of control ports that are configured to connect with mating control ports on a back side of a blood circuit assembly, the actuator movable between a retention position and an ejection position;a retainer element coupled to the actuator and arranged, with the actuator in the retention position, to contact a portion of a front side of the blood circuit assembly, and retain the blood circuit assembly on the panel of the dialysis unit, and arranged, with the actuator in the ejection position, to release the blood circuit assembly for removal from the panel of the dialysis unit; andan ejector element coupled to the actuator or to the panel and arranged, with the actuator moved from the retention position to the ejection position, to contact a portion of the back side of the blood circuit assembly to urge the blood circuit assembly away from the panel.54. The blood circuit assembly engagement device of claim 53 , wherein ...

CASSETTE SYSTEM INTEGRATED APPARATUS

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes. 16.-. (canceled)8. The cassette assembly of claim 7 , wherein at least one of the one or more of the plurality of rigid conduits includes a check valve to ensure unidirectional fluid flow.9. The cassette assembly of claim 7 , wherein the first and third cassettes are held against the second cassette through the rigid conduits by a plurality of clamps.10. The cassette assembly of claim 7 , wherein the first cassette and second cassette define a first fixed space of the fixed spaces claim 7 , and the third and second cassette define a second fixed space of the fixed spaces claim 7 , and said first and second fixed spaces are occupied by a plurality of pods claim 7 , each said pod having a rigid fluid connection to the first cassette and a separate rigid fluid connection to the second cassette if located in the first fixed space claim 7 , or having a rigid fluid connection to the third cassette and a separate rigid fluid connection to the second cassette if located in the second fixed space.11. The cassette assembly of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the plurality of pods is a diaphragm based pod pump claim 10 , and wherein a first rigid fluid connection of the pod pump is configured to carry pneumatic pressure to actuate the pod pump claim 10 , and a second rigid fluid connection of the pod pump is configured to carry fluid pumped by the pod pump.12. The cassette assembly of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the plurality of pods is a ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands 125.-. (canceled)26. A hemodialysis system that includes a dialysate mixing circuit and connection ports , the system comprising:a first port fluidly connected to a first pump in the dialysate mixing circuit, the first port configured to connect to a bicarbonate charge line, the bicarbonate charge line arranged to convey fluid from the first pump to an inlet of a bicarbonate source;a second port fluidly connected to a second pump in the dialysate mixing circuit, the second port configured to connect to a bicarbonate return line, the bicarbonate return line arranged to convey a bicarbonate solution from an outlet of the bicarbonate source to the second pump;a third port fluidly connected to a third pump in the dialysate mixing circuit, the third port configured to connect to an acid flow line, the acid flow line arranged to convey an acid solution from an acid source to the third pump; anda bypass connector comprising three fluid prongs configured to connect with the first, the second, and the third ports, wherein channels in each of the three fluid prongs of the bypass connector terminate within a common chamber within the bypass connector, so that the bicarbonate charge line leading to the first pump, the bicarbonate return line ...

BLOOD TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands. 125.-. (canceled)26. A system for delivering an anticoagulant solution in a blood circuit of a hemodialysis apparatus comprising:a blood pump cassette comprising an anticoagulant metering pump, first and second diaphragm pumps, and a plurality of valves, the blood pump cassette configured for pumping blood from a cassette inlet connected to an arterial line to a cassette outlet connected to a venous line;a controller configured to control the metering pump, the first diaphragm pump and the plurality of valves to pump a bolus of the anticoagulant solution from a container connected to the blood pump cassette to a pumping chamber of the first diaphragm pump;the controller configured to control the first diaphragm pump to draw a first volume of dialysate solution into the pumping chamber before delivering the bolus of the anticoagulant solution and the first volume of dialysate solution to the blood pump cassette inlet or outlet; andthe controller configured to control the first diaphragm pump to draw a second volume of dialysate solution into the pumping chamber after delivering the bolus of anticoagulant solution and the first volume of dialysate solution, and to deliver the second volume of dialysate solution to the blood pump ...

System, Method, and Apparatus for Detecting Air in a Fluid Line Using Active Rectification

A circuit for detecting air, a related system, and a related method are provided. The circuit for detecting air includes a receiver connection and an air-detection circuit. The receiver connection is configured to provide a receiver signal. The air-detection circuit is in operative communication with the receiver connection to process the receiver signal to generate a processed signal corresponding to detected air. The air-detection circuit includes one or more active-rectifying elements configured to actively rectify the receiver signal to provide the processed signal. 1. A system for detecting air , the system comprising:a transmitter configured to transduce a driver signal to ultrasonic vibrations;a receiver configured to receive the ultrasonic vibrations and transduce the ultrasonic vibrations to provide a receiver signal; andan air-detection circuit in operative communication with the receiver to process the receiver signal to generate a processed signal corresponding to detected air, the air-detection circuit comprising at least one active-rectifying element configured to actively rectify the receiver signal to provide the processed signal.2. The system according to claim 1 , the system further comprising:a first single pole, single throw switch defining the at least one active-rectifying element configured to provide electrical communication between the receiver signal and a first switch output in accordance with a first switching signal; anda second single pole, single throw switch configured to provide electrical communication between the receiver signal and a second switch output in accordance with an inverted signal of the first switching signal.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first switching signal and the inverted signal of the switching signal is a digital signal embodied in a digital circuit.4. The system according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first switching signal and the inverted signal of the switching ...

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes a housing having at least one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. The cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps a fluid from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet line. A hollow spike is also included on the housing as well as at least one metering pump. The metering pump is fluidly connected to the hollow spike on the housing and to a metering pump fluid line. The metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line. 120-. (canceled)21. A membrane-based valve comprising:a first plate, a second plate and a midplate located between the first plate and second plate, with a flexible membrane interposed between the first plate and midplate;the first plate including a pneumatic port configured to deliver pneumatic pressure to the membrane;the midplate including a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet in fluid communication with the membrane and a raised valve seat fluidly connected to the fluid inlet;the second plate further defining the liquid inlet and liquid outlet;the membrane having a liquid side facing the midplate and an opposing actuation side facing the first plate, the membrane and first plate defining a control gas chamber, and the membrane and midplate defining a valving chamber,wherein a thickened rim of the membrane is configured to be held in a groove in the midplate by the first plate;and wherein a surface of the liquid side of the membrane is pre-formed to have a first region with a cross-sectional curvature in a first direction and a second region located within of the first region with a cross-sectional curvature in a second direction opposite the first direction the pre formed membrane holds the valve open to flow upon the application of atmospheric pressure through the pneumatic port.22. The membrane-based valve of claim 21 , wherein the membrane is configured to occlude at ...

Automated control mechanisms in a hemodialysis apparatus

A hemodialysis apparatus comprising diaphragm pumps for the movement of both dialysate and blood, and under the control of a controller, is capable of detecting blood flow conditions that give rise to an alarm and implement procedures to adjust, pause, or halt the pumping of dialysate and/or blood. The controller can direct the application of a time-varying pressure to fluid in the control chamber of a blood pump, and monitor the resulting pressure waveform during a fill stroke of the blood pump. A deviation of the measured pressure variation from an expected value can give rise to an alert to a user and to the initiation of an adjustment, pause, or cessation of the dialysate pump's activity.

Blood circuit assembly for a hemodialysis system

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.

Blood treatment systems and methods

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands.

Reagent supply for a hemodialysis system

A reagent supply arrangement for a hemodialysis system may include an E-prong connector having three parallel prongs with two outer prongs arranged in a common plane and a center prong arranged above the common plane, a first supply line for a first reagent connected in fluid communication with one of the outer prongs, a second supply line for a second reagent connected in fluid communication with the other of the outer prongs, a liquid line connected in fluid communication with the center prong, and a container for housing the first reagent having an inlet connected to the liquid line and an outlet connected to the first supply line for the first reagent. The E-prong connector may help prevent the improper connection to the dialysis unit, e.g., because the prong arrangement ensures connection in only one way to the dialysis unit.

Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

Air trap for a medical infusion device

An air trap for a blood circuit and method for removing air from blood in a dialysis unit. The air trap may include a blood inlet supply line, a blood outlet supply line, and a container having an approximately spherical internal wall, an inlet at a top end of the container connected to the blood inlet supply line, and an outlet at a bottom end of the container connected to the blood outlet supply line. The inlet may be offset from a vertical axis of the approximately spherical internal wall such that blood entering the container is directed to flow in a spiral-like path. The inlet port may be arranged to introduce blood into the container in a direction that is approximately tangential to the approximately spherical inner wall of the container and/or in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the vertical axis of the container.

Modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system

A modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system may include a dialysis unit, e.g., that contains suitable components for performing hemodialysis, such as a dialyzer, one or more pumps to circulate blood through the dialyzer, a source of dialysate, and one or more pumps to circulate the dialysate through the dialyzer, and a power unit having a housing that contains suitable components for providing operating power to the pumps of the dialysis unit. The power unit may be selectively connected to the dialysis unit and provide power (e.g., pneumatic power in the form of pressure and/or vacuum) to the dialysis unit for the pumps when connected to the dialysis unit, but may be incapable of providing power to the dialysis unit when disconnected from the dialysis unit. The dialysis unit and the power unit are sized and weighted to each be carried by hand by a human.

Hemodialysis systems and methods

Hemodialysis dialysis systems are disclosed. Hemodialysis systems of the invention may include a dialysate flow path including a balancing circuit, a mixing circuit, and/or a directing circuit. The circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuits may be at least partially isolated, spatially and/or thermally, from electrical components of the system. A gas supply may be provided in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. The hemodialysis systems may include fluid handling devices, actuated using a control fluid, optionally delivered using a detachable pump. Fluid handling devices may be generally rigid and of a spheroid shape, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into compartments.

Hemodialysis systems and methods

The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. In one set of embodiments, a hemodialysis system may include a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path, where the dialysate flow path includes one or more of a balancing circuit, a mixing circuit, and/or a directing circuit. Preparation of dialysate by the preparation circuit, in some instances, may be decoupled from patient dialysis. In some cases, the circuits are defined, at least partially, within one or more cassettes, optionally interconnected with conduits, pumps, or the like. In one embodiment, the fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be at least partially isolated, spatially and/or thermally, from electrical components of the hemodialysis system. In some cases, a gas supply may be provided in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate to pass through the dialyzer and urge blood in the blood flow path back to the patient. Such a system may be useful, for example, in certain emergency situations (e.g., a power failure) where it is desirable to return as much blood to the patient as possible. The hemodialysis system may also include, in another aspect of the invention, one or more fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, or the like, which can be actuated using a control fluid, such as air. In some cases, the control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using an external pump or other device, which may be detachable in certain instances. In one embodiment, one or more of the fluid handling devices may be generally rigid (e.g., having a spheroid shape), optionally with a diaphragm contained within the device, dividing it into first and second ...

Pumping cassette

A pumping cassette, the cassette includes a housing. The housing includes at least one fluid port and at least one air vent port. The air vent port vents a fluid source outside the housing. The pumping cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pump pumps fluid.

Apparatus and method for detecting disconnection of an intravascular access device

An electrical circuit for measuring the resistance of a liquid between two electrodes comprises first and second capacitors connected respectively to the two electrodes, and a known reference resistor connected to the first capacitor. A voltage switching circuit provides a first reference voltage to the reference resistor and a lower second reference voltage to the second capacitor, alternating with the first reference voltage applied to the second capacitor and the second lower reference voltage applied to the first capacitor. A voltage is measured at the connection between the first capacitor and the reference resistor, and from this observed voltage and the value of the reference resistor, the resistance of the liquid is determined. The electrical circuit may be used in monitoring the continuity of a column of blood in a conduit leading to and from a blood vessel or graft to detect disconnection of a catheter from the blood vessel or graft.

Sistema de hemodiálisis.

Un casete de drenaje para una unidad de diálisis tiene un canal de fluido entre los puertos de conexión de venas y arterias, y una válvula puede abrir o cerrar de manera controlable la comunicación de fluido entre un puerto de salida de drenaje y el puerto de conexión de venas o el puerto de conexión de arterias; un ensamble de circuito de sangre y un casete de drenaje se pueden remover de la unidad de diálisis, por ejemplo, manualmente y sin el uso de herramientas; un ensamble de circuito de sangre puede incluir un miembro unitario sencillo que define porciones de un par de bombas de sangre, válvulas de control, canales para colocar de manera exacta los tubos flexibles para un oclusor y un soporte colector de aire y/u otras porciones del ensamble; un dispositivo de acoplamiento del ensamble de circuito de sangre puede ayudar a retener un ensamble de circuito de sangre en la unidad de diálisis y/o con remoción del ensamble; un accionador puede operar un elemento retención un elemento expulsor que interactúa con el ensamble.

Blood treatment systems and methods

Fluid pumping systems, devices and methods

Certain types of reciprocating positive-displacement pumps (which may be referred to hereinafter as “pods,” “pump pods,” or “pod pumps”) are used to pump fluids, such as a biological fluid (e.g., blood or peritoneal fluid), a therapeutic fluid (e.g., a medication solution), or a surfactant fluid. The pumps may be configured specifically to impart low shear forces and low turbulence on the fluid as the fluid is pumped from an inlet to an outlet. Such pumps may be particularly useful in pumping fluids that may be damaged by such shear forces (e.g., blood, and particularly heated blood, which is prone to hemolysis) or turbulence (e.g., surfactants or other fluids that may foam or otherwise be damaged or become unstable in the presence of turbulence).

Blood treatment systems and methods

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysis systems may include a safety system utilizing a field programmable gate array (FPGA) that monitors at least conductivity and temperature of dialysate in the flow circuit upstream of a dialyzer and enters a fail-safe state if the measured conductivity is outside of a range of values. The FPGA may be verified to be operating properly by exposing sensors in fluid paths to temperatures or conductivities that are outside pre-determined permissible ranges of values, and confirming that the FPGA safety system enters a fail-safe state in response to the temperatures or conductivities. The FPGA may be configured to monitor an amount of ultrafiltration fluid withdrawn from a patient during dialysis treatment and to enter a fail-safe state if a maximum amount is exceeded.

Air trap for a medical infusion device

An air trap for a blood circuit and method for removing air from blood in a dialysis unit. The air trap may include a blood inlet supply line, a blood outlet supply line, and a container having an approximately spherical internal wall, an inlet at a top end of the container connected to the blood inlet supply line, and an outlet at a bottom end of the container connected to the blood outlet supply line. The inlet may be offset from a vertical axis of the approximately spherical internal wall such that blood entering the container is directed to flow in a spiral-like path. The inlet port may be arranged to introduce blood into the container in a direction that is approximately tangential to the approximately spherical inner wall of the container and/or in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the vertical axis of the container.

Hemodialysis system

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly.

Apparatus and method for detecting disconnection of an intravascular access device

An apparatus and method are disclosed for detecting the disconnection of a vascular access device such as a needle, cannula or catheter from a blood vessel or vascular graft segment. A pair of electrodes is placed in direct contact with fluid or blood in fluid communication with the vascular segment. In one embodiment, the electrodes are incorporated into a pair of connectors connecting arterial and venous catheters to arterial and venous tubes leading to and from an extracorporeal blood flow apparatus. Wires leading from the electrodes to a detecting circuit can be incorporated into a pair of double lumen arterial and venous tubes connecting the blood flow apparatus to the blood vessel or vascular graft. The detecting circuit is configured to provide a low-voltage alternating current signal to the electrodes to measure the electrical resistance between the electrodes, minimizing both the duration and amount of current being delivered. Detection of an increase in electrical resistance between the electrodes exceeding a pre-determined threshold value may be used to indicate a possible disconnection of the vascular access device.

Fluid pumping systems, devices and methods

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to certain types of reciprocating positive-displacement pumps (which may be referred to hereinafter as “pods,” “pump pods,” or “pod pumps”) used to pump fluids, such as a biological fluid (e.g., blood or peritoneal fluid), a therapeutic fluid (e.g., a medication solution), or a surfactant fluid. The pumps may be configured specifically to impart low shear forces and low turbulence on the fluid as the fluid is pumped from an inlet to an outlet. Such pumps may be particularly useful in pumping fluids that may be damaged by such shear forces (e.g., blood, and particularly heated blood, which is prone to hemolysis) or turbulence (e.g., surfectants or other fluids that may foam or otherwise be damaged or become unstable in the presence of turbulence).

Fluid pumping systems, devices and methods

Reciprocating positive-displacement membrane pumps (which may be referred to hereinafter as “pods,” “pump pods,” or “pod pumps”) used to pump fluids, such as a biological fluid (e.g., blood or peritoneal fluid), a therapeutic fluid (e.g., a medication solution), or a surfactant fluid are disclosed. The speed of a pump stroke can be adjusted by altering a frequency of pressure pulses delivered to the pump membrane during a fill stroke or a delivery stroke of the pump. A pumping algorithm may divide a pump stroke into an initial pumping period and a end-of-stroke pumping period, with the pressure pulse duration being longer during the initial pumping period. This arrangement may allow for a minimum pump flow rate while also providing a pressure ripple that can be used to detect the end of a pump stroke.

Pumping cassette

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

Pumping cassette

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

Pumping Cassette

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing pods. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

Blood circuit assembly for a hemodialysis system

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.

Modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system

A modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system may include a dialysis unit, e.g., that contains suitable components for performing hemodialysis, such as a dialyzer, one or more pumps to circulate blood through the dialyzer, a source of dialysate, and one or more pumps to circulate the dialysate through the dialyzer, and a power unit having a housing that contains suitable components for providing operating power to the pumps of the dialysis unit. The power unit may be selectively connected to the dialysis unit and provide power (e.g., pneumatic power in the form of pressure and/or vacuum) to the dialysis unit for the pumps when connected to the dialysis unit, but may be incapable of providing power to the dialysis unit when disconnected from the dialysis unit. The dialysis unit and the power unit are sized and weighted to each be carried by hand by a human.

Pumping cassette

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

Blood circuit assembly for a hemodialysis system

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.

Pumping cassette

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes a housing having at least, one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. The cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps a fluid from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet line. A hollow spike is also included on the housing as well as at least one metering pump. The metering pump is fluidly connected to the hollow spike on the housing and to a metering pump fluid line. The metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line.

Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

Pumping cassette

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

Pumping cassette

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

Pumping cassette

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes housing. The housing includes at least one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. Also, the cassette includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps at least one fluid from the fluid inlet line to at least one of the fluid outlet line. Also, the cassette includes at least one mixing chamber within the housing. The mixing chamber is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line.

Blood treatment systems and methods

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands.