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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 6264. Отображено 100.
09-02-2012 дата публикации

Treatment method and treatment facilities of exhaust gas

Номер: US20120034145A1
Автор: Naoyuki Ohashi, Yoshihiko Mochizuki
Принадлежит: Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd

An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment method and a plant of an exhaust gas in which corrosion resistance of the exhaust gas treatment plant to a sulfuric acid mist after wet type desulfurization is increased. The treatment method of an exhaust gas in the present invention, wherein sulfur oxide is removed by wet type desulfurization of the exhaust gas and a sulfuric acid mist is removed by feeding ammonia into the exhaust gas, is characterized in that an ammonia gas is mixed into the exhaust gas by feeding inorganic ammonium salt to an alkali desulfurizing agent when the desulfurizing agent is sprayed into the exhaust gas to absorb and remove the sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas.

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Номер записи: 1
16-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Controlling Acid Gas Emissions from Cement Plants

Номер: US20120039778A1
Автор: James J. Schwab
Принадлежит: Envirocare International Inc

A method and apparatus for controlling emissions of acid forming gases such as sulfur dioxide from cement plants is disclosed. Gaseous effluent from the cement plant pyroprocessing chamber is routed to the plant's raw mill to heat and dry the feed meal used in cement production. When the raw mill is in operation microfine lime particles are sprayed into the raw mill using a nozzle system. The spraying of hydrated lime into the raw mill scrubs acid forming gases in the process gaseous effluent. When the raw mill is not operational, microfine lime is sprayed into a gas conditioning tower that is also used to reduce the temperature of the effluent gases to facilitate efficient collection of dust particles prior to emission of the cleansed effluent flow into the atmosphere.

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Номер записи: 2
24-05-2012 дата публикации

Destruction of ammonium ions

Номер: US20120128569A1
Автор: Carlos Lopez Cruz, Hendrik Oevering, Rudolf Philippus Maria Guil, Theodorus Friederich Maria Riesthuis
Принадлежит: DSM IP ASSETS BV

The invention relates to a process for converting ammonium formed in a hydroxylamine phosphate oxime process into molecular nitrogen in an ammonium destruction zone, comprising—preparing a vapour stream comprising nitrogen oxide from ammonia, in an ammonia combustion zone;—bringing into contact by feeding to the ammonium destruction zone, individually and/or as pre-mixed combinations, at least part of said vapour stream, and a first liquid stream, comprising ammonium formed in the hydroxylamine phosphate oxime process, and a second liquid stream, comprising at least one acid selected from nitric acid and nitrous acid in a total nitric+nitrous acid concentration of at least 30 wt. %, thereby forming in the ammonium destruction zone a fluid mixture; and—reacting ammonium ions in the fluid mixture with nitrogen oxide under formation of molecular nitrogen, in the ammonium destruction zone. The invention further relates to an installation for converting ammonium formed in a hydroxylamine phosphate oxime process.

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Номер записи: 3
14-03-2013 дата публикации

Method for the Manufacture of an Ammonium Sulfate Composition

Номер: US20130064755A1
Автор: Brietzke Stephan, Groer Peter, Mollenkopf Carl Christoph
Принадлежит:

The present invention describes a method manufacture of an ammonium sulfate composition having a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 1% by weight or less than 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, comprising the following steps: 1. Method for the manufacture of an ammonium sulfate composition comprising the following steps: 'ii) ammonia in an amount sufficient to obtain a pH of 9.5 or higher: and', 'a) reacting i) waste sulfuric acid comprising an organic tertiary amines with'} 'wherein during the separation the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained at a pH of higher than 10.', 'b) separating the organic tertiary amine from the reaction mixture obtained in step a) to form an aqueous solution comprising the ammonium sulfate and an organic tertiary amine stream;'}2. Method according to wherein the organic tertiary amine is separated from the reaction mixture obtained in step a) in a distillation column.3. Method according to wherein during the distillation ammonia is added to the distillation column.4. Method according to wherein during the distillation ammonia is added to the distillation column in a counter flow to the reaction mixture obtained in step a).5. Method according to wherein during the distillation the reaction mixture obtained in step a) is continuously fed to the upper part of a distillation column and the ammonia is continuously fed to the lower part or the middle part of the distillation column.6. Method according to wherein the ammonia feed is placed at a position of the distillation column such that the aqueous solution claim 5 , which is essentially free of organic tertiary amine and which comprises the ammonium sulfate claim 5 , in the lower part of the column has a pH ranging from 5 to 7.7. Method according to wherein the organic tertiary amine is triethylamine.8. Method according to wherein the aqueous solution claim 1 , which is essentially free of the organic tertiary amine and which comprises the ammonium sulfate ...

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Номер записи: 4
09-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING UREA

Номер: US20130116472A1
Автор: Auner Norbert
Принадлежит: SPAWNT PRIVATE S.A.R.L.

A method of producing urea includes reacting SiO/AlOor SiO/AlO-containing material, with addition of a carbon source, with gaseous nitrogen at elevated temperature to produce silicon nitride (SiN)/aluminum nitride (AlN) or silicon nitride/aluminum nitride-containing material; reacting the silicon nitride/aluminum nitride or silicon nitride/aluminum nitride-containing material in the presence of a basic alkali metal compound and/or alkaline-earth metal compound, with water at elevated temperature, to produce ammonia and alkali metal silicates/aluminates and/or alkaline earth metal silicates/aluminates; and reacting the ammonia with carbon dioxide to produce the urea. 1. A method of producing urea comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3', '4, 'reacting SiO/AlOor SiO/AlO-containing material, with addition of a carbon source, with gaseous nitrogen at elevated temperature to produce silicon nitride (SiN)/aluminum nitride (AlN) or silicon nitride/aluminum nitride-containing material;'}reacting the silicon nitride/aluminum nitride or silicon nitride/aluminum nitride-containing material in the presence of a basic alkali metal compound and/or alkaline-earth metal compound, with water at elevated temperature, to produce ammonia and alkali metal silicates/aluminates and/or alkaline earth metal silicates/aluminates; andreacting the ammonia with carbon dioxide to produce the urea.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the basic alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound or a source thereof is added to the silicon nitride/aluminum nitride or silicon nitride/aluminum nitride-containing material before the addition of the water.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the basic alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound or a source thereof comprises an SiO- or AlO-containing material.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising in addition to SiO/AlOor SiO/AlO-containing material as a starting material claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 5
20-06-2013 дата публикации

DRY SORBENT INJECTION DURING STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS IN DRY SCRUBBER

Номер: US20130156664A1
Автор: Campobenedetto Edward J., Jankura Bryan J., Silva Anthony A.
Принадлежит:

Methods of reducing emissions levels during steady-state conditions are disclosed for use with a dry scrubber desulfurization system. A dry calcium hydroxide powder is injected into the gas flowpath and watered in the spray dryer absorber. The resulting slurry is then deposited on the filter bags in the baghouse. This can be done at lower temperatures than the spray dryer absorber would otherwise be operable, enabling desulfurization to occur earlier in the combustion process, particularly during startup of a cold boiler at ambient temperature. The operation of the boiler can also be backed up, made up, trimmed, or augmented depending on various operating scenarios. 1. A method for reducing combustion emissions produced during normal operating conditions in a combustion system system having a gas flowpath that travels from a combustion chamber through a spray dryer absorber to a baghouse downstream of the spray dryer absorber , the method comprising:mixing a dry calcium hydroxide powder into a flue gas at an injection location downstream of the combustion chamber and upstream of the baghouse;spraying water into the flue gas in the spray dryer absorber to humidify and reduce the temperature of the flue gas; andpassing the flue gas through the baghouse, wherein the calcium hydroxide powder captures pollutants in the flue gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein no liquid is added to the carrier gas between the injection location and the spray dryer absorber.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water sprayed into the flue gas comes from a recycle system for recycling solids from the baghouse.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas flowpath travels through an air preheater located between the combustion chamber and the spray dryer absorber.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the injection location is located between the air preheater and the spray dryer absorber.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the injection location is upstream of the air preheater.7. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 6
20-06-2013 дата публикации

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20130156673A1
Автор: Hirata Takuya, INUI MASAYUKI, Kamijo Takashi, Kamiyama Naoyuki, Nagayasu Hiromitsu, Nagayasu Tatsuto, Oishi Tsuyoshi, Okino Susumu, Tanaka Hiroshi, Tsujiuchi Tatsuya, Yoshihara Seiji
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

An air pollution control system comprises a SOx removal equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from flue gas from a boiler, a cooler for reducing the sulfur oxides that remain in the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature, COrecovery equipment including an absorber for bringing COin the flue gas into contact with a COabsorption liquid so as to be reduced, a regenerator for causing the COabsorption liquid to emit COso as to recover COand regenerate the COabsorption liquid, a heat exchanger which for decreasing a temperature of the flue gas, and calcium carbonate spraying equipment for spraying calcium carbonate between the heat exchanger and an electric dust collector, wherein a mist generation material in the flue gas is converted from a gas state to a mist state to arrest and reduce the mist generation material in the mist state using calcium carbonate. 1. An air pollution control system comprising:dust reduction equipment for reducing particulates from flue gas from a boiler;{'sub': 'x', 'SOremoval equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from the flue gas after the dust reduction;'}{'sub': 'x', 'a cooler which is provided on a downstream side of the SOremoval equipment, for reducing the sulfur oxides that remain in the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature;'}{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', '2, 'an absorber for bringing COin the flue gas into contact with a COabsorption liquid so as to be reduced; and'}, {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a regenerator for causing the COabsorption liquid to emit COso as to recover COand regenerate the COabsorption liquid;'}], 'COrecovery equipment including{'sub': 'x', 'a heat exchanger which is provided on an upstream side of the SOremoval equipment, for decreasing a temperature of the flue gas; and'}calcium carbonate spraying equipment for spraying calcium carbonate between the dust reduction equipment and the heat exchanger,wherein a mist generation material in the flue gas is converted from a gas state to a mist state ...

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Номер записи: 7
04-07-2013 дата публикации

Method for Producing Fertilizers Containing Dispersed Micronized Sulphur

Номер: US20130167604A1
Автор: Abry Raymond G.F., Beasley Todd, Johnson Richard Lyle, Tak Jin Kwon
Принадлежит:

A method of producing a fertilizer composition containing micronized sulphur wherein elemental sulphur is dissolved in anhydrous or hydrous ammonia to form an ammonia/sulphur solution and the ammonia/sulphur solution is reacted with an acidic component having at least one plant growth constituent to simultaneously form a sulphur composition comprising a sulphur compound and micronized sulphur. The thus formed fertilizer composition is dried and can be formed into various shapes such as pellets, prills, etc. 1. A method of producing fertilizer compositions containing micronized sulphur comprising:dissolving elemental sulphur in an anhydrous or hydrous ammonia solution to form an ammonia/sulphur solutions (AMS solution);reacting said AMS solution with an acidic compound having at least one plant growth constituent to simultaneously form a fertilizer composition comprising a fertilizer compound and micronized sulphur;drying said fertilizer composition.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said AMS solution is under sufficient pressure to maintain said AMS solution as a liquid until reacted.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plant growth enhancing constituent is selected from a group consisting of sulfate claim 1 , nitrate claim 1 , phosphate claim 1 , carbonate claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding additional AMS solution to said fertilizer composition during the drying step.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said micronized sulphur has an average particle size of less than 1 claim 1 ,000 μm.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said average particle size is less than 10 μm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein other components containing plant nutrients can be added to said fertilizer composition.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said AMS solution is formed by dissolving solid elemental sulphur.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said AMS solution is formed by dissolving molten elemental sulphur.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 8
11-07-2013 дата публикации

NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Номер: US20130177495A1
Автор: Mori Yoshiaki, Takahashi Gou
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL CORPORATION

The invention provides a process comprising: a crystallization step of concentrating and crystallizing the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid from an aqueous solution that contains the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid; a solid-liquid separation step of solid-liquid separating the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid obtained in the crystallization step, and a crystallization mother liquid recycling step of recycling a crystallization mother liquid obtained in the solid-liquid separation step to at least one step selected from the crystallization step and one or more steps that precede the crystallization step, in which not all of the crystallization mother liquid is recycled. 1. A process for producing a nitrogen-containing composition from an aqueous solution which contains an ammonium salt of aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from a biological starting material , while recovering at least one member selected from an aliphatic carboxylic acid , a salt of aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid from the solution , wherein the process comprises the following steps (1) to (3):(1) a crystallization step of concentrating and crystallizing the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid from an aqueous solution that contains the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid,(2) a solid-liquid separation step of solid-liquid separating the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid obtained in the crystallization step, and(3) a crystallization mother liquid recycling step of recycling a crystallization mother liquid obtained in the solid-liquid separation step to at least one step selected from the crystallization step and one or more steps that precede the crystallization step, in which not all of the crystallization mother liquid is recycled.2. The process for producing a nitrogen-containing composition according to claim 1 , which further comprises a crystallization mother liquid drying step of evaporating to dryness claim 1 , the crystallization mother liquid obtained in the solid-liquid ...

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Номер записи: 9
01-08-2013 дата публикации

Process for preparing ammonium sulfate nitrate

Номер: US20130192323A1
Автор: Andrew J. Howes, Christopher B. Pace, James A. Kweeder, Joshua H. MCGILL, Keith D. Cochran, Maria A. AZIMOVA, Raymond G. Wissinger, Stephanie C. BARTHE
Принадлежит: Honeywell International Inc

Ammonium sulfate nitrate double salts may be produced using a process that result in complete or nearly complete conversion to the 2:1 double salt. In some embodiments, the disclosure pertains to methods of controlling moisture content during the production process.

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Номер записи: 10
08-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING CHLORINE BYPASS DUST AND DISCHARGE GAS

Номер: US20130202514A1
Автор: Saito Shinichiro, Terasaki Junichi
Принадлежит: TAIHEIYO CEMENT CORPORATION

In accordance with the present invention, there is provide and device and method to facilitate the treatment of chlorine bypass dust while preventing increases in chemical cost and concentrations of heavy metals in clinker, and ensuring stability in quality of cement, and to treat chlorine bypass exhaust gas while avoiding coating troubles in a cement kiln etc., and preventing heat losses in a preheater etc., without degradation of clinker production amount. 1. A method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas characterized by , in a chlorine bypass facility extracting a part of combustion gas , while cooling it , from a kiln exhaust gas passage , which runs from an inlet end of a cement kiln to a bottom cyclone , and recovering a chlorine bypass dust from the extracted gas , slurring the recovered chlorine bypass dust , and contacting the slurry with the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility.2. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said recovered chlorine bypass dust is slurried after classified claim 1 , and the slurry is contacted with the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility.3. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in claim 2 , wherein a classification point when the chlorine bypass dust is classified is controlled by an amount of SOcontained in the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility for contacting to the slurry (a product of an amount of the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility and SOconcentration in the exhaust gas).4. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said classification point is determined such that 70 mass percent or more and 100 mass percent or less of the recovered chlorine bypass dust passes through 10 μm mesh.5. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in one ...

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Номер записи: 11
05-09-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COARSE-GRAINED AMMONIUM SULFATE PRODUCT VIA CRYSTALLIZATION AND INSTALLATION FOR OPERATING THE METHOD

Номер: US20130230446A1
Автор: Hofmann Guenter, Leptien Holger, Widua Johannes
Принадлежит: GEA Messo GmbH

Method for the production of a coarse-grained ammonium sulphate product by crystallization and installation for carrying out the method. A method for the continuous production of a coarse-grained ammonium sulphate product from an ammonium sulphate solution in a crystallizer operates in accordance with the DTB principle and has an internal suspension circuit and a clarifying zone, from which a clarified partial flow of solution is constantly drawn off into an external circuit, is heated in a heat exchanger so as to dissolve the solids contained therein and is then guided back as a clear solution into the lower region of the crystallizer. In order to ensure production of a product crystallizate with a grain coarseness which is practically constant over time, a fine crystal suspension flow may be drawn off from the clarifying zone as a further partial flow and guided back into the internal circuit of the crystallization stage without any previous dissolution of the solid proportion contained therein. 1. Method for continuous production of a coarse-grained ammonium sulphate product of a grain size in the range of approximately 2.0-3.0 mm by crystallization of an ammonium sulphate solution in a crystallization stage which is operated in accordance with a draft tube baffled (DTB) principle , said method comprising:constantly circulating a suspension of mother solution and ammonium sulphate crystals in an internal circuit while evaporating water from the solution;drawing off a clarified partial flow of solution from a clarifying zone in an upper region of the crystallization stage into an external circuit;heating the solution so as to dissolve the solids contained therein and then guiding the solution back as a clear solution into a lower region of the crystallization stage, and continuously drawing off vapours from a head of the crystallization stage;supplying new ammonium sulphate solution from outside and drawing off a suspension flow containing the coarse-grained ...

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Номер записи: 12
26-09-2013 дата публикации

FUNCTIONAL FERTILIZER COMPOSITION INCLUDING NATURAL MINERAL INGREDIENTS AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

Номер: US20130247631A1
Автор: Jung Soon-Duck, Jung Sug-Gun
Принадлежит: DAE YOUNG FERTILIZER CO.,LTD.

A functional fertilizer composition containing natural mineral ingredients and a method of preparing the same are disclosed. More particularly, a functional fertilizer composition that is environmentally friendly, significantly accelerates growth of plants, relieves physiological disorders, is suitable for use as an agent for odor removal and a gas generation inhibitor, and enables preparation of a soil conditioner from a residue from which mineral ingredients are extracted and a method of preparing the same are disclosed. To this end, the method includes pulverizing vermiculite, mixing the pulverized vermiculite with water, adding sulfur or sulfuric acid to the mixture of pulverized vermiculite and water, stirring the mixture to which sulfur or sulfuric acid has been added, aging the stirred mixture to prepare an aqueous solution, and separating and extracting an aqueous solution containing mineral ingredients from the prepared aqueous solution. 1. A method of preparing a functional fertilizer composition comprising natural mineral ingredients , the method comprising:{'b': '11', 'pulverizing vermiculite (operation S);'}{'b': '12', 'mixing the pulverized vermiculite with water (operation S);'}{'b': '13', 'adding sulfur or sulfuric acid to the mixture of pulverized vermiculite and water (operation S);'}{'b': '14', 'stirring the mixture to which sulfur or sulfuric acid has been added (operation S);'}{'b': '15', 'aging the stirred mixture (operation S);'}{'b': '16', 'separating and extracting an aqueous solution containing mineral ingredients from the aged mixture (operation S);'}{'b': '21', 'mixing at least one additive selected from the group consisting of ammonium molybdate, copper sulfate, borax or boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, and magnesium sulfate with water (operation S); and'}{'b': '22', 'adding the separated and extracted aqueous solution containing mineral ingredients to the mixture of the additive and water and mixing, stirring and aging the ...

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Номер записи: 13
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Process For Simultaneous Production Of Potassium Sulphate, Ammonium Sulfate, Magnesium Hydroxide And/Or Magnesium Oxide From Kainite Mixed Salt And Ammonia

Номер: US20130315805A1
Автор: Bajaj Hari Chand, Chunawala Jatin Rameshchandra, Deraiya Hasina Hajibhai, Gandhi Maheshkumar Ramniklal, Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Joshi Himanshu Labhshanker, Maiti Pratyush, Mody Haresh Mahipatlal, Saraiya Upendra Padmakant
Принадлежит: COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

The present invention provides an integrated process for the recovery of sulphate of potash (SOP), ammonium sulphate and surface modified magnesium hydroxide and/or magnesium oxide utilizing kainite mixed salt and ammonia as the only consumable raw materials. The process involves treating kainite mixed salt with water to obtain solid schoenite and a schoenite end liquor. The latter is desulphated using CaClgenerated in the process itself and thereafter evaporated to obtain carnallite crystals from which KCl is recovered while the liquor rich in MgClserves as a source of MgCL. The gypsum produced during desulphatation is reacted with aqueous ammonia and COto produce ammonium sulphate and calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate so obtained is then calcined to obtained CaO and CO. The CaO is then slaked in decarbonated water and reacted with the MgCl-rich liquor generated above to produce slurry of Mg(OH)in aqueous CaCl. To this surface modifying agent is added under hot condition and, after cooling, the slurry is more easily filterable and yields surface modified Mg(OH). The filtrate rich in CaClis then recycled for desulphatation process above. The solid surface modified Mg(OH)is then calcined to produced MgO or used as such in appropriate applications. The schoenite and KCl are reacted to produce SOP in solid form while the liquor is recycled in the schoenite production step. 1. A process for the simultaneous production of sulphate of potash (SOP) , ammonium sulphate , surface modified magnesium hydroxide and/or magnesium oxide being characterized in the co-generation of the said products using kainite mixed salt and ammonia as the only consumable raw materials , the said process comprising the following steps:a) converting in a first reaction zone, kainite mixed salt into schoenite by the process of aqueous leaching, wherein the aqueous leaching process comprises reacting kainite mixed salt with water and SOP end liquor of step (e) followed by separating the pure ...

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Номер записи: 14
05-12-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING UREA FERTILIZER WITH LOW MOISTURE ABSORPTION TENDENCIES

Номер: US20130319060A1
Автор: Franzrahe Harald, Niehues Paul, POTTHOFF Matthias, Vanmarcke Luc Albert
Принадлежит: UHDE FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY B.V.

A method for producing urea granules having low moisture absorption capacity, with a urea granulator, having a granule flow inlet side and oppositely a granule flow outlet side, forming an axis alongside which granules from a urea solution and a urea/ammonium salt-stream are formed, whereby the solution and the salt-stream are sprayed as a mixture or separately via a feed system unit via various nozzles into the granulator onto a seed material. In this process the highest amount of the salt-stream is sprayed into the granulator at the granule flow inlet side and the amount of the salt-stream is decreased alongside the axis of the granulator from the granule flow inlet side to the granule flow outlet side. 1. A method for producing urea granules having low moisture absorption capacity , with a urea granulator , having a granule flow inlet side and oppositely a granule flow outlet side , forming an axis alongside which urea granules from a urea solution and a urea/ammonium salt-stream are formed , wherebythe urea solution and the urea/ammonium salt-stream are sprayed as a mixture or separately via a feed system unit via various nozzles into the urea granulator onto a seed materialwhereinthe highest amount of the urea/ammonium salt-stream is sprayed into the urea granulator at the granule flow inlet side and the amount of the urea/ammonium salt-stream is decreased alongside the axis of the urea granulator from the granule flow inlet side to the granule flow outlet side, whereby the urea/ammonia salt-stream comprises a urea:ammonium salt ratio between 4 and 20, a water content of 0-10% by weight and optionally up to 1-5% by weight additives, andthe highest amount of the urea solution is sprayed into the urea granulator at the granule flow outlet side and the amount of the urea solution is decreased alongside the axis of the urea granulator from the granule flow outlet side to the granule flow inlet side.2. A method for producing urea granules having low moisture ...

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Номер записи: 15
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Method for controlling compounds and conditions in a wet flue gas desulfurization (wfgd) unit

Номер: US20140017119A1
Автор: Paul J. Williams, Richard F. DEVAULT, Sandy P. Ulbricht, Shannon R. BROWN
Принадлежит: Babcock and Wilcox Power Generation Group Inc

The present invention relates generally to the field of emissions control and, in particular to a new and useful method and/or system by which to control various types of corrosion and/or precipitation issues in at least a portion of a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) scrubber system. In one embodiment, the method and/or system of the present invention relies on the supply of at least one reducing agent to the slurry of a wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber to lower the oxidation reduction potential in the absorber slurry contained within the wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber. In still another embodiment, the method and/or system of the present invention control the oxidation-reduction potential in at least one bleed stream of an absorber slurry, filtrate, and/or solution from a wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber.

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Номер записи: 16
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Process and Plant for Ammonia-Urea Production

Номер: US20140018575A1
Автор: BADANO Marco, Filippi Ermanno, SCOTTO Andrea, Zardi Frederico
Принадлежит: Urea Casale SA

A process for ammonia -urea production where: liquid ammonia produced in an ammonia section is fed to a urea section directly at the ammonia synthesis pressure, and where the liquid ammonia is purified at high pressure with the steps of: cooling the liquid ammonia () obtaining a cooled liquid ammonia stream (), separating a gaseous fraction () comprising hydrogen and nitrogen from said cooled liquid ammonia, obtaining purified liquid ammonia () at a high pressure, and reheating said purified liquid ammonia () after separation of said gaseous fraction, obtaining a reheated purified ammonia () having a temperature suitable for feeding to the urea synthesis process. The application also deals with an ammonia -urea plant comprising an ammonia cooler, a liquid-gas separator and an ammonia re-heater and with a method for revamping existing ammonia -urea plants. 1. A process for ammonia-urea production where: liquid ammonia containing minor amounts of hydrogen , nitrogen , methane and eventually other urea-inert gases is produced with an ammonia synthesis process operated at a given ammonia synthesis pressure , and at least a portion of said liquid ammonia is used to provide the ammonia input of a urea synthesis process ,said process for ammonia-urea production being characterized in that liquid ammonia delivered by said ammonia synthesis process is treated directly at said ammonia synthesis pressure with purification process steps adapted to remove urea-inert gases, so that the ammonia input is made available to said urea synthesis process at a pressure close to said ammonia synthesis pressure, said purification process steps including at least the steps of:a) cooling the liquid ammonia obtaining a cooled liquid ammonia stream,b) separating a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen and nitrogen from said cooled liquid ammonia, obtaining purified liquid ammonia at a high pressure, andc) reheating said purified liquid ammonia after separation of said gaseous fraction, ...

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Номер записи: 17
06-02-2014 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF ACID GAS TO SULPHATE OR PHOSPHATE-BASED FERTILIZERS

Номер: US20140033778A1
Автор: Iyer Satish, Knoll Rick, PEDERSEN Eric
Принадлежит: SULVARIS INC.

A method is disclosed for producing sulphate or phosphate-based fertilizer from hydrogen sulphide. The method involves feeding a stream containing a substantial volume of hydrogen sulphide and air to a furnace, where it is burned to produce a sulphur dioxide rich gas stream. The sulphur dioxide rich gas stream is then fed to a reactor to produce a sulphuric acid stream and a waste stream comprising carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, trace impurities and trace amounts of unreacted sulphur dioxide. The sulphuric acid stream is finally converted to a sulphate or phosphate-based fertilizer. 1. A method of producing a sulphate or a phosphate-based fertilizer from a waste or by-product stream comprising hydrogen sulphide , said method comprising:a. creating a feedstock stream from the waste or by-product stream;b. feeding the feedstock stream and air to a furnace;c. burning the acid gas stream to produce a stream comprising sulphur dioxide;d. feeding the sulphur dioxide stream to a reactor to produce a stream comprising sulphuric acid and a gaseous waste stream ande. converting the sulphuric acid to a phosphate-based or sulphate-based fertilizer.2. The method of wherein the waste or by-product stream is an acid gas stream produced in a sour gas sweetening process or a coal gasification process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulphuric acid is reacted with a nitrogen source claim 1 , a carbon source claim 1 , a potassium source or a phosphate source to produce the fertilizer.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nitrogen source comprises ammonia and the sulphur based fertilizer produced is ammonium sulphate.5. The method of wherein a coal gasification process also produces ammonia claim 3 , which is then used as a nitrogen source to react with the sulphuric acid.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sulphuric acid is reacted with a carbon source to produce a porous carbon matrix impregnated with sulphuric acid claim 3 , which is then used to chemisorb ammonia to ...

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Номер записи: 18
02-01-2020 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING CRYSTALS USING SOLVENT VAPORS

Номер: US20200001200A1
Автор: Bethers Pratt, Goodman, III David
Принадлежит:

A Reflux Rinsing apparatus for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization. A pressure vessel contains a liquefied gas solvent, impure crystalline starting material initially, and a purified crystalline mass at the conclusion of the purifying process. A mechanism is provided for providing pressure to contents of the pressure vessel and for heating the lower portion thereof. A timer is also connected to the mechanism, the timer being set to heat the pressure vessel to drive vapors and reflux rinsing to remove impurities at the surface of an impure crystalline mass, to reclaim the solvent, leaving purified crystals and impurities in the pressure vessel, and to open the pressure vessel to remove the purified crystals from the vessel walls and bottom surface and to remove the impurities from the vessel. The angle of a crystal bed in the apparatus can be adjusted. 1. A Reflux Rinsing apparatus for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization , comprising:a) a pressure vessel having walls, a lower portion with a bottom surface, and an upper portion, the pressure vessel for containing a liquefied gas solvent, impure crystalline starting material initially, and a purified crystalline mass at the conclusion of the purifying process;b) means for providing pressure to contents of the pressure vessel;c) means for heating the lower portion of the pressure vessel; and i) gently heat the lower portion of the pressure vessel to drive vapors and reflux rinsing to remove impurities at the surface of a purified crystalline mass;', 'ii) cycling step (i) with control over temperature and pressure as necessary to maximize crystal yield and purity;', 'iii) reclaiming the solvent, leaving the crystals and impurities in the pressure vessel; and', 'iv) opening the pressure vessel to remove the purified crystalline mass from the walls and bottom surface of the vessel and the impurities from the lower portion ...

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Номер записи: 19
02-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PURIFYING CRYSTALS USING SOLVENT VAPORS

Номер: US20200002306A1
Автор: Bethers Pratt, Goodman David
Принадлежит:

A Reflux Rinsing method for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization. Feed material having tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is inserted into a reaction vessel having walls, and upper portion, and a lower portion with a bottom surface. The feed material is exposed to a hydrocarbon liquid in the reaction vessel in a quantity sufficient to keep liquid present in equilibrium with gas in the reaction vessel through the recrystallization process, forming a raw extract having THC. The walls and bottom surface of the reaction vessel are coated with raw extract. The reaction vessel is heated and then the heating is discontinued. Vapor/thin-film DER is promoted in the reaction vessel for a predetermined length of time with no solvent reflux, resulting in formation of purified crystals of THC acid under pressure. The hydrocarbon solvent is reclaimed from the reaction vessel, leaving the purified crystals and impurities. When the reaction vessel is opened, the purified crystals and impurities are removed. 1. A method for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization (DER) , the steps comprising:a) inserting feed material having tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) into a reaction vessel having walls, an upper portion, and a lower portion with a bottom surface;b) exposing the feed material to a hydrocarbon liquid in the reaction vessel in a quantity sufficient to keep liquid present in equilibrium with gas in the reaction vessel through the recrystallization process, forming a raw extract having THC;c) coating the walls and the bottom surface of the reaction vessel with raw extract;d) heating the reaction vessel;e) discontinuing the heating step (d):f) forming purified crystals of THC acid under pressure;g) reclaiming the hydrocarbon solvent from the reaction vessel, leaving therein the purified crystals of THC acid and impurities; andh) opening the reaction vessel and removing the purified crystals of THC acid ...

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Номер записи: 20
12-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NICKEL POWDER

Номер: US20170008083A1
Автор: Heguri Shin-ichi, IKEDA Osamu, Kudo Yohei, Ohara Hideki, Ozaki Yoshitomo, Yanagisawa Kazumichi, Yoneyama Tomoaki, ZHANG Junhao
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method for producing nickel powder from a nickel ammine sulfate complex solution, comprising treatment steps of: (1) a seed crystal production step of producing nickel powder having an average particle size of 0.1 to 5 μm; (2) a seed crystal addition step of adding the nickel powder obtained in the step (1) as seed crystals to form a mixed slurry; (3) a reduction step of forming a reduced slurry containing nickel powder formed by precipitation of a nickel component in the mixed slurry on the seed crystals; and (4) a growth step of performing solid-liquid separation to separate and recover the nickel powder as a solid phase component and then blowing hydrogen gas into a solution prepared by adding the nickel ammine sulfate complex solution to the recovered nickel powder to grow the nickel powder to form high purity nickel powder. 1. A method for producing nickel powder from a nickel ammine sulfate complex solution , the method comprising treatment steps of:(1) a seed crystal production step of mixing a nickel sulfate solution and hydrazine to produce nickel powder having an average particle size of 0.1 to 5 μm serving as seed crystals;(2) a seed crystal addition step of adding the nickel powder having an average particle size of 0.1 to 5 μm obtained in the step (1) as seed crystals to the nickel ammine sulfate complex solution to form a mixed slurry;(3) a reduction step of blowing hydrogen gas into the mixed slurry obtained in the seed crystal addition step (2) to form a reduced slurry containing nickel powder formed by precipitation of a nickel component in the mixed slurry on the seed crystals; and(4) a growth step of subjecting the reduced slurry obtained in the reduction step (3) to solid-liquid separation to separate and recover the nickel powder as a solid phase component and then blowing hydrogen gas into a solution prepared by adding the nickel ammine sulfate complex solution to the recovered nickel powder to grow the nickel powder to form high ...

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Номер записи: 21
21-01-2021 дата публикации

NUTRIENT RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20210017034A1
Автор: Chen Shulin, Dvorak Stephen W., Frear Craig, VanLoo Bryan J., Zhao Quanbao
Принадлежит:

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for anaerobic digestion of waste fibrous material and the recovery of nutrients are provided. Methods, systems, and apparatuses disclosed herein provide mechanisms to release dissolved gases from anaerobic digester effluent. Methods, systems and apparatuses disclosed herein can recover one or more nutrients from anaerobic digested effluent using a range of temperatures, aeration rates, aeration times, pH ranges, and settling times. 1. A method for recovering a nutrient comprising:(a) heating and aerating anaerobic digester effluent in an aeration reactor to convert soluble ammonium to gaseous ammonia;(b) providing gaseous ammonia from the aeration reactor to a stripping tower, said stripping tower providing controlled amounts of acid that reacts with gaseous ammonia; and(c) recovering an ammonium salt produced from reacting the acid with gaseous ammonia in the stripping tower.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the anaerobic digester effluent comprises using a heat exchanger with the exhaust from a biogas engine gen set as the heated air stream.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the anaerobic digester effluent comprises heating the effluent to a temperature from about 140° F. to about 170° F.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein aerating the anaerobic digester effluent is accomplished using micro-aerators that aerate the effluent at a rate from 5 gallons/cfm to 25 gallons/cfm.5. The method of further comprising pumping the anaerobic digester effluent from the aeration reactor to a solids settling system after providing the gaseous ammonia to the stripping tower.6. The method of further comprising collecting phosphorous-rich solids from the solids settling system.7. The method of claim 5 , further comprising digesting waste fibrous material in an anaerobic digester prior to step (a).8. The method of further comprising pumping the effluent from the solids settling system to a vessel and reacting biogas from the digester ...

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Номер записи: 22
10-02-2022 дата публикации

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR EMISSION INDEXES OF DESULFURIZATION DEVICE OF THERMAL POWER UNIT AND METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20220040633A1
Автор: Chen Qi, Chen Yang, Du Yanlou, Hao Yulong, Hou Qingzhou, Liu Wenzhi, Liu Zhijie, Qi Gejun, Zhong Xuefei
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides an automatic control system for emission indexes of a desulfurization device of a thermal power unit, which comprises a first controller, a second controller and a flow controller. At the same time, the present disclosure provides an automatic control method for emission indexes of a desulfurization device of a thermal power unit. The present disclosure runs through the production and operation data of waste gas desulfurization treatment facilities, and establishes a pH optimization set value prediction model according to the data, and can realize automatic regulation and control of pH value by optimizing and controlling the pH optimization set value and the slurry flow optimization set value every moment through the dynamic model, thus solving the problem that the pH value control process is large in lag and slow in dynamics, and improving the pH value control quality. 1. An automatic control system for emission indexes of a desulfurization device of a thermal power unit , wherein the desulfurization device of the thermal power unit is provided with an absorption tower and a limestone slurry regulating valve , wherein the automatic control system comprises{'sub': '2', 'a first controller comprising a first input terminal, a first memory, a first output terminal and a first processor; wherein the first processor is configured to receive the SOconcentration at the outlet of the absorption tower through the first input terminal, calculate and obtain the pH optimization set value according to the pH optimization set value prediction model constructed based on GPC algorithm and stored in the first memory, and send the pH optimization set value through the first output terminal;'}a second controller comprising a second input terminal, a third input terminal, a second output terminal and a second processor; wherein the second processor is configured to receive the real-time pH value at the outlet of the absorption tower through the second ...

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Номер записи: 23
26-01-2017 дата публикации

Dibasic acid sensor and method for continuously measuring dibasic acid concentration in a substance

Номер: US20170023507A1
Автор: Rikard Hakansson
Принадлежит: Alstom Technology AG, General Electric Technology GmbH

A method is provided for measuring a concentration of dibasic acid in a substance in a gas cleaning process, the method comprising the steps of sending a plurality of voltage pulses through the substance by a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are in contact with the substance, receiving current responses generated by the plurality of voltage pulses, and analyzing the current responses using a multivariate data analysis for calculation of the concentration of dibasic acid in the substance. Also provided is a dibasic acid sensor, control unit and analysing unit for performing such a method.

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Номер записи: 24
24-01-2019 дата публикации

COMPOSITION FOR TREATMENT OF FLUE GAS WASTE PRODUCTS

Номер: US20190023615A1
Автор: Andrews Dale C., Olson Lance
Принадлежит: Carmeuse North America

Compositions for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent may generally comprise, based on weight percent of the composition, at least 50% fly ash, up to 20% calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, up to 2% plasticizer and a balance of incidental impurities. Methods for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent using the composition for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent are also described. 1. A non-Newtonian fluid comprising a composition for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent and flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent having greater than 5000 ppm of at least one of dissolved sulfite and dissolved sulfate , wherein the non-Newtonian fluid is characterized by:a liquid-to-solids ratio of about 1:4 to 4:5;a viscosity from about 1,000 cP to about 100,000,000 cP;{'sup': '3', 'a specific gravity of less than about 2 g/cm;'}{'sup': '−5', 'a permeability less than 10cm/s; and'}a compressive strength of at least 700 psf when cured to be self-supporting.2. The non-Newtonian fluid of claim 1 , wherein the liquid-to-solids ratio is from 1:2 to 7:10.3. The non-Newtonian fluid of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity is from 10 claim 1 ,000 cP to 10 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 cP.4. The non-Newtonian fluid of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity is from 25 claim 1 ,000 cP to 500 claim 1 ,000 cP.5. The non-Newtonian fluid of claim 1 , wherein the specific gravity is from 1 g/cmto 2 g/cm.6. The non-Newtonian fluid of claim 1 , wherein the specific gravity is from 1.1 g/cmto 1.5 g/cm.7. The non-Newtonian fluid of claim 1 , wherein the permeability is from 10cm/s to 10cm/s.8. The non-Newtonian fluid of claim 1 , wherein the compressive strength is at least 10 claim 1 ,000 psf when cured to be self-supporting.9. The non-Newtonian fluid of comprising flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent and having a ratio of the composition to the flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent from 1:100 to 3:1.10. The non ...

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Номер записи: 25
24-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR OBTAINING CRYSTALS FROM A MOTHER SOLUTION, AND CRYSTALLIZATION DEVICE SUITABLE FOR THIS PURPOSE

Номер: US20190024196A1
Автор: LEHNBERGER Andreas, MAHRHOLZ Jens
Принадлежит:

A method for obtaining crystals from a mother solution operates such that mother solution is fed into a crystallisation device. Supersaturation of the mother solution is brought about by open and/or closed-loop control of the temperature (□). Seed crystals are added to the mother solution at a seeding point (Sp). The seed crystals are grown as nuclei by continuous closed-loop process control and are finally removed from the method as crystals. They form the product yield. The formation of crystal nuclei in the mother solution is countered by steps in the closed-loop process control. During the closed-loop process control and the crystallisation procedure, the position of the limit (M) of the formation of secondary nuclei is determined using sensors that detect data currently, wherein the position of the limit (M) is established as a value of the concentration (c) and the temperature (□) from these data. This determined position of the limit (M) of the formation of crystal nuclei is used as the basis for the closed-loop process control of the crystallisation. 1. A method for obtaining crystals from a mother solution ,in which mother the solution is fed into a crystallisation device,in which supersaturation of the mother solution is brought about by open and/or closed-loop control of the temperature (θ),in which seed crystals are added to the mother solution at a seeding point (Sp),in which the seed crystals are grown as crystal nuclei by continuous closed-loop process control and are finally removed from the method as crystals and form the product yield,in which the formation of crystal nuclei in the mother solution is countered by steps in the closed-loop process control,characterisedin that, during the continuous closed-loop process control and while the method is running, in that the mother solution data are currently determined by sensors,in that from these data the position of the limit (M) of the formation of crystal nuclei is determined while the method is ...

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Номер записи: 26
02-02-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FERTILIZER FROM THE EXHAUST GASES OF A PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20170029344A1
Автор: TISCHMACHER Heinz
Принадлежит:

A device and a method produces fertilizer from the exhaust gases of a production system, for example a system for producing cement. The exhaust gases are completely converted such that the exhaust gases are not released into the environment. For this purpose, the exhaust gases are introduced directly into the device from the production system. Exhaust gases such as NOand/or SOare first oxidized in the device and then reprocessed into NHNOor (NH)SO. COis reprocessed into NHHCOin the device while nitrogen is converted into ammonia, and the ammonium, among others, is used to produce NHHCOfrom CO. 121-. (canceled)22: Apparatus for the production of fertilizers from exhaust gases of a production system , wherein{'b': 1', '4', '2', '3', '2', '4, 'sub': 2', '2', 'x', '2, 'the apparatus () has a first container (), which is connected with the production system () by way of a first line (), wherein an exhaust gas from the production system () can be introduced into the first container (), wherein the exhaust gas contains CO, Nas well as NOand/or SO;'}{'b': '4', 'sub': 2', '2', 'x', '2, 'in the first container (), N, and COcan be separated from NOand/or SO,'}{'b': 4', '6', '5', '6', '5, 'sub': 2', '2, 'the first container () is connected with a second container () by way of a second line (), wherein COand Ncan be transferred to the second container () by way of the second line (), and'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, 'b': 6', '15', '6', '12', '11', '12, 'a solution containing NHcan be introduced into the second container () by way of a third line (), wherein the temperature in the second container () can be adjusted in such a manner that NHand COreact in the solution to form ammonium hydrogen carbonate, wherein the solution containing ammonium hydrogen carbonate can be transferred to a crystallization apparatus () by way of a fourth line (), and wherein ammonium hydrogen carbonate can be crystallized out in this crystallization apparatus ().'}234: Apparatus according to claim 22 , ...

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Номер записи: 27
29-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING UREA FROM REFUSE, PREFERABLY DOMESTIC WASTE, OF ANY COMPOSITION

Номер: US20150031916A1
Автор: Kiss Guenter Hans
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing urea as a nitrogen-rich synthetic fertilizer from refuse of any composition, preferably from domestic waste. The organic waste components are first turned into gas in a high-temperature reactor with oxygen (O) which has been obtained in a cryogenic air separation plant. A synthesis gas arises which predominantly comprises carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide (CO). The carbon monoxide (CO) contained in the synthesis gas is subsequently converted with steam into hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide (CO). The hydrogen is subsequently separated and is used for ammonia synthesis together with the elementary nitrogen (N) which arises as a by-product in cryogenic air separation, In the last process step, urea (CO(NH)) is manufactured from ammonia (NH) and the further synthesis gas component carbon dioxide (CO). 1urea is manufactured from municipal solid waste of any composition without producing any gaseous emissions, comprising the following steps:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a) generation of a synthesis gas (CO, COand H) by high-temperature treatment of municipal solid waste in a reactor at a temperature of at least 1000° C. to 2000° C. with Owhich is produced by means of a cryogenic air separation process, in which the indwell time of the synthesis gas in the reactor is 1.0 to 5.0 seconds;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'b) conversion of the CO contained in the synthesis gas using HO into CO+H(water shift reaction) and separation of the COfrom the H;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'c) conversion of the Hobtained from step b) using Nwhich originates from the cryogenic air separation from step a) for forming ammonia (NH); and'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2', '2, 'd) conversion of the NHfrom step c) using COfrom step b) for forming urea (CO(NH)).'}. A method for the manufacture of urea (CO(NH)), characterized in that The invention relates to a method of manufacturing urea as a nitrogen-rich synthetic fertilizer from refuse of any ...

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Номер записи: 28
30-01-2020 дата публикации

A NOVEL CATALYTIC MULTI-REACTION ZONE REACTOR SYSTEM

Номер: US20200031681A1
Автор: Akay Galip
Принадлежит:

The present invention is a production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor. Said production method comprising the steps of: a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction of ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone (RZ-), b) realizing absorption by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone (RZ-) in at least one secondary reaction zone (RZ-) which is not separated by discrete physical barriers with the primary reaction zone (RZ-). 1. A production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor , comprising:a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction and/or conversion into ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen with catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone,{'b': '1', 'b) realizing absorption in at least one secondary reaction zone by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone, wherein the secondary reaction zone is not separated from the primary reaction zone by discrete physical barriers.'}2. Production method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperatures of each reaction zone are controlled by means of at least one heating/cooling coil.3. Production method according to claim 2 , wherein in said heating/cooling coil claim 2 , at least one of nitrogen claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , and ammonia is circulated.4. Production method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , a temperature of the primary reaction zone is in a range from 100 and 300° C.5. Production method according to claim 4 , wherein in step (a) claim 4 , the temperature of the primary reaction zone is in a range from 200 and 250° C.6. Production method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (b) claim 1 , the ...

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Номер записи: 29
14-02-2019 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SULFUR OXIDES FROM GAS

Номер: US20190046925A1
Автор: Luo Jing, Xu Changxiang
Принадлежит:

Methods, apparatus, and compositions for cleaning gas. The use of segmented multistage ammonia-based liquid spray with different oxidation potentials to remove sulfur compounds from gas. The use of different oxidation potentials may reduce unwanted ammonia slip. 2. The apparatus of claim l wherein the first source produces ammonia bearing liquid having an ammonia concentration that is different from the ammonia concentration of the liquid produced by the second source.3. The apparatus of wherein the ammonia bearing liquid of the first source has a pH greater than 4.6.4. The apparatus of wherein the first chamber is configured to be maintained at an operating temperature between 30° C. (86° F.) and 70° C. (158° F.).5. The apparatus of wherein the demister is within the first chamber.6. The apparatus of wherein the spray array includes a pattern of cone-shaped sprays that together are angled consistent with reaching inner walls of a vessel having a width no less than 110% the maximum horizontal width of the first chamber.7. The apparatus of wherein the spray arrays claim 1 , in aggregate claim 1 , are configured to deliver no less than 0.2 L of liquid per cubic meter (1.5 gallon liquid per 1000 cubic feet) of gas flow volume.8. The apparatus of wherein the particle control chamber:is situated downstream from, and in gaseous communication with, the first chamber;is separated from the first chamber by a liquid-collector that allows vapor to pass downstream; and a washing spray array; and', 'a conduit connecting the washing spray array to a particle washing liquid source., 'includes9. The apparatus of wherein:the demister is a first demister; andthe particle control chamber includes a second demister.10. The apparatus of wherein the second demister includes a baffle plate type.11. The apparatus of wherein the second demister includes a ridge type.12. The apparatus of wherein the second demister includes a packing type.13. The apparatus of wherein the second demister ...

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Номер записи: 30
23-02-2017 дата публикации

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL METHOD

Номер: US20170050144A1
Автор: Fukuda Toshihiro, Kagawa Seiji, Kamiyama Naoyuki, Ushiku Tetsu
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.

The air pollution control system including: a flue gas duct through which flue gas flows; a heat exchanger provided to the flue gas duct; a limestone supply device for reducing SOin the flue gas supplies CaCOto the flue gas flowing in an upstream of the heat exchanger; an upstream SOmeasurement device measures the SOin the flue gas flowing in a stream upper than a position where the limestone supply device supplies the CaCO; and a control device determines a quantity supplied of the CaCObased on a relationship between a quantity of the SOmeasured by the upstream SOmeasurement device and a molar ratio of SOto CaCOand which supplies the determined quantity supplied of the CaCOfrom the limestone supply device to the flue gas duct. 1. An air pollution control system , comprising:a flue gas duct through which flue gas flows;a heat exchanger disposed in part of the flue gas duct;{'sub': 3', '3, 'a limestone supply device for reducing SOin the line gas provided to an upstream of the heat exchanger which supplies CaCOto the flue gas;'}{'sub': 3', '3', '3', '3', '3, 'an upstream SOmeasurement device provided to a stream upper than a position where the limestone supply device for reducing the SOin the flue gas supplies the CaCO, the upstream SOmeasurement device measures the SOin the flue gas,'}{'sub': 3', '3', '3, 'a downstream SOmeasurement device provided to a steam downer than the heat exchanger; the downstream SOmeasurement device measures the SOin the flue gas; and'}{'sub': 3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3, 'a control device which determines a quantity supplied of the CaCObased on a relationship between a quantity of the SOmeasured by the upstream SOmeasurement device and a molar ratio of SOto CaCO, which corrects the determined quantity supplied of the CaCObased on a quantity of the SOmeasured by the downstream SOmeasurement device and which supplies to the flue gas duct the corrected quantity supplied of the CaCOfrom the limestone supply device for ...

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Номер записи: 31
21-02-2019 дата публикации

Dust removal and desulfurization of fcc exhaust gas

Номер: US20190054419A1
Автор: Jing Luo, Jun Zhang, Qiang Tan, Xiangjun Xu, Yongying LUO
Принадлежит: Jiangnan Environmental Protection Group Inc

Apparatus and methods for denitrification and desulfurization of and dust removal from an FCC tail gas by an ammonia-based process. The apparatus may include a first-stage waste heat recovery system, a denitrification system, a dust removal and desulfurization system, a tail gas exhaust system, and an ammonium sulfate post-processing system. The dust removal and desulfurization system may include a dedusting tower and an absorption tower disposed separately. The top and the bottom of the absorption tower may be connected respectively to the tail gas exhaust system and the ammonium sulfate post-processing system. The absorption tower may include sequentially, from bottom to top, an oxidation section, an absorption section, and a fine particulate control section. The methods may be implemented with the apparatus.

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Номер записи: 32
01-03-2018 дата публикации

ENZYME REACTION REAGENT HAVING DRIED FORM AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

Номер: US20180057857A1
Автор: Miyamoto Shigehiko, Tanaka Hozumi, Toga Tatsuya
Принадлежит: KANEKA CORPORATION

A method for producing a dry reagent composition includes preparing a reagent solution including a Good's buffer in a concentration of more than 2.5 mM, an ammonium salt, a drying protection agent, and a nucleic acid amplification enzyme, and drying the reagent solution. A method for suppressing a decrease in enzyme activity during drying includes adding a Good's buffer in a biochemical reagent comprising an ammonium salt and an enzyme prior to drying the enzyme. 1. A method for producing a dry reagent composition , comprising:preparing a reagent solution comprising a Good's buffer in a concentration of more than 2.5 mM, an ammonium salt, a drying protection agent, and a nucleic acid amplification enzyme, anddrying the reagent solution.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the Good's buffer is 5 mM or more.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the Good's buffer is at least one selected from the group consisting of N claim 1 ,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (Bicine) claim 1 , N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (CHES) claim 1 , 3-[N claim 1 ,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (DIPSO) claim 1 , 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]propanesulfonic acid (EPPS) claim 1 , 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) claim 1 , 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]propanesulfonic acid (HEPPSO) claim 1 , 3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) claim 1 , piperazine-1 claim 1 ,4-bis(2-hydroxy-3-propanesulfonic acid (POPSO) claim 1 , N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (TAPS) claim 1 , 2-hydroxy-N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (TAPSO) claim 1 , N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES) claim 1 , and N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine (Tricine).4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the Good's buffer is at least one selected from the group ...

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Номер записи: 33
07-03-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS TO RECOVER AMMONIUM BICARBONATE FROM WASTEWATER

Номер: US20190071338A1
Автор: BASSANI Dominic, ORENTLICHER Morton, PAGANO Stephen, Simon Mark M.
Принадлежит: BION ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present invention is a process, a method, and system for recovery and concentration of dissolved ammonium bicarbonate from a wastewater containing ammonia (NH3) using gas separation, condensation, and crystallization, each at controlled operating temperatures. The present invention includes 1) removal of ammonia from waste (sludges, semi-solids, and solids and liquids) without the use of chemicals at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius, 2) condensing the gaseous containing ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor to remove water vapor concentrating the amount of gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, 3) concentrating the ammonia and carbon dioxide in the water by established means, such as concentrating the gas using partial condensation followed by passing the concentrated gas through an absorption column at a temperature of between about 20 and 50 degrees Celsius to form dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, or total condensation followed by dewatering using reverse osmosis, and 4) crystallizing concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate at a temperature of less than about 35 degrees Celsius to form solid ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. 1. A process to treat livestock waste containing ammonia nitrogen comprising:treating livestock waste at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius to create a gas and, without the use of chemicals, converting substantially all ammonia in the waste to gaseous form in the gas, said gas also containing carbon dioxide and water vapor;treating said gas containing gaseous ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, using partial condensation to concentrate the ammonia and carbon dioxide followed by absorption of the concentrate gases, or total condensation of said gas followed by dewatering using Reverse Osmosis, or a combination of these methods; all without the use of chemical(s) and remove from said gas a significant amount of water vapor in liquid condensate form, ...

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Номер записи: 34
05-03-2020 дата публикации

Control of aqueous arsenic, selenium, mercury or other metals from flue gas

Номер: US20200071219A1
Автор: Steven Feeney
Принадлежит: Steve Feeney Consulting LLC

The invention pertains to methods of reducing dissolved elements such as arsenic, selenium and mercury in aqueous solutions using, for example, various barium compounds to partition said elements to a solid phase. Such methods are particularly useful for reducing such elements at various points in coal and oil-fired power plants prior to final waste water treatment.

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Номер записи: 35
22-03-2018 дата публикации

Methods for quantifying nitrogen-containing compounds in subterranean treatment fluids

Номер: US20180080917A1
Автор: Jay Paul Deville, Philip Wayne Livanec, ZHAO Deng
Принадлежит: Halliburton Energy Services Inc

It can sometimes be difficult to quantify the amount of polymer present in a subterranean treatment fluid, particularly at a job site. Methods for analyzing a treatment fluid for a polymer can comprise: receiving a sample of a treatment fluid comprising a nitrogen-containing polymer; placing the sample of the treatment fluid and an aqueous base in an oilfield retort; heating the sample of the treatment fluid and the aqueous base together in the oilfield retort at least until the nitrogen-containing polymer has been substantially hydrolyzed to one or more volatile nitrogen compounds; distilling the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds from the oilfield retort; and determining a quantity of the nitrogen-containing polymer in the sample of the treatment fluid based upon a quantity of the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds distilled from the oilfield retort. Analyses of other nitrogen-containing compounds may take place similarly.

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Номер записи: 36
31-03-2022 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY SYSTEM AND CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY METHOD

Номер: US20220096995A1
Автор: KATSUMA Atsushi, KUWANO Satoshi, SENO Takaaki, YAMANO Kojiro
Принадлежит:

A carbon dioxide recovery system includes: a first heat exchanger that is disposed between a boiler and a desulfurization device, cools exhaust gas g flowing from the boiler to the desulfurization device, and heats a first heat medium w; and a carbon dioxide recovery device that, when supplied with heat of the first heat medium w, separates and recovers carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide. 19-. (canceled)10. A carbon dioxide recovery method , comprising:cooling exhaust gas flowing from a boiler to a desulfurization device and heating a first heat medium by a first heat exchanger disposed between the boiler and the desulfurization device; andseparating and recovering carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide by supplying heat of the first heat medium to a carbon dioxide recovery device. The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide recovery system and a carbon dioxide recovery method that separate and recover carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide.Conventionally, a carbon dioxide recovery system that separates and recovers carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide has been known. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a configuration in which steam discharged from the exit of a steam turbine is compressed to increase temperature at a compressor, and then supplied to an adsorbent-filled tank for carbon dioxide desorption.However, with the above-described conventional configuration, since steam for carbon dioxide desorption needs to be compressed to increase temperature at the compressor, energy for driving the compressor is needed, which is a problem.An object of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-described problem, is to provide a carbon dioxide recovery system and a carbon dioxide recovery method that can achieve energy saving.In order to achieve the above-described object, a carbon dioxide recovery system according to one ...

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Номер записи: 37
23-03-2017 дата публикации

RECOVERING A CAUSTIC SOLUTION VIA CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTAL AGGREGATES

Номер: US20170081207A1
Автор: Fessler Eric, Heidel Kenton Robert, Keith David William, Ritchie Jane Anne, Vollendorf Nicholas
Принадлежит:

Techniques for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids such that the crystalline calcium carbonate solids include a volume of 0.0005 mmto 5 mm, include a slaker to react quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH)); a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer that encloses a solid bed mass and includes an input for a slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline solution and carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that include particles and an alkaline carbonate solution; a dewatering apparatus that includes an input coupled to the crystallizer and an output to discharge a plurality of separate streams that each include a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids and alkaline carbonate solution; and a seed transfer apparatus to deliver seed material into the crystallizer to maintain a consistent mass of seed material. 137-. (canceled)38. A system for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids in the presence of an alkaline carbonate solution such that each of at least portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids comprise a volume from about 0.0005 mmto about 5 mm , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a slaker configured to react quicklime (CaO) and a fluid that is substantially free from carbonate to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH));'}{'sup': 3', '3, 'a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer that encloses a solid bed mass and comprises an input for the slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline carbonate solution comprising between 0.1M to 4.0M hydroxide and between 0.1M to 4.1M carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that comprise particles each with a volume between about 0.0005 mmand about 5 mmand the alkaline carbonate solution;'}a dewatering apparatus that comprises an input coupled to the output of the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer and an output configured to discharge a plurality of separate streams ...

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Номер записи: 38
12-03-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR INCREASING THE PURITY OF OLIGOSILANES AND OLIGOSILANE COMPOUNDS BY MEANS OF FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION

Номер: US20200079653A1
Автор: Bauch Christian
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for increasing the purity of oligosilanes and/or oligosilane compounds, in which a first liquid substance mixture formed from at least 50% oligosilane compounds comprising inorganic oligosilanes and/or halogenated oligosilanes and/or organically substituted oligosilanes is provided, and the first liquid substance mixture is subjected to at least one purification sequence, wherein in a first step a) the liquid substance mixture is temperature adjusted to a temperature at which at least one fraction of the oligosilane compounds solidify, and in a second step b) at least one fraction of the liquid substance mixture is separated. 1. A method for increasing the purity of oligosilanes and/or oligosilane compounds , in which a liquid substance mixture of at least 50% oligosilane compounds , comprising inorganic oligosilanes and/or halogenated oligosilanes and/or organic-substituted oligosilanes is prepared , and the liquid substance mixture undergoes at least one purification sequence , wherein in a first step a) the substance mixture is temperature-adjusted at a temperature at which at least one fraction of the oligosilane compounds solidifies , and in a second step b) at least one fraction of the liquid substance mixture is separated.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that solids formed in step a) are completely separated from the liquid substance mixture in step b).3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that in the at least one purification sequence in step b) at least 15% and at most 50% of the liquid substance mixture is separated.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that in at least one further purification sequence at least 10% and at most 80% claim 1 , preferably 15% to 45% of the liquid substance mixture is separated.5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least one fraction of the separated liquid substance mixture is added to a further liquid substance ...

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Номер записи: 39
21-03-2019 дата публикации

AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL DEVICE FOR SCRUBBER, AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL METHOD FOR SCRUBBER, AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL DEVICE AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL METHOD

Номер: US20190083924A1
Автор: KOMATSU Tadashi, TAKAHASHI Kuniyuki
Принадлежит: FUJI ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

A method for controlling an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater, includes calculating a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output, a sulfur content of fuel oil, and a predetermined alkalinity of the seawater, calculating a corrected amount of seawater as an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable based on a measured value of the sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas, calculating a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater and implementing control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount is supplied to the scrubber. 1. An amount of seawater control method for a scrubber , which controls an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater , comprising the steps of:calculating a minimum amount of seawater which is a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output, a sulfur content of fuel oil and a predetermined alkalinity of the seawater;calculating a corrected amount of seawater which is an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable based on a measured value of the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas;calculating a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater; andimplementing control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount of seawater is supplied to the scrubber.2. The amount of seawater control method for a scrubber according to claim 1 , further ...

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Номер записи: 40
02-04-2015 дата публикации

Method Of Recycling Of By-Products For The Production Of Soda Ash And Ammonium Sulphate

Номер: US20150093309A1
Автор: Bajaj Hari Chand, Chunawala Jatin Rameshchandra, Gandhi Maheshkumar Ramniklal, Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Maiti Pratyush, Mody Haresh Mahipatlal, Somani Rajesh Shantilal, Upadhyay Sumesh Chandra
Принадлежит:

A method of producing soda ash and ammonium sulphate by recycling by-products of Merseberg and Solvay processes includes treating brine with soda ash distiller waste for desulphatation of the brine to obtain gypsum, recovering pure salt from the desulphated brine and utilizing it in manufacture of soda ash in a Solvay process, washing the gypsum and reacting it with liquor ammonia and carbon dioxide to obtain CaCOand ammonium sulphate, separating the CaCOfrom the ammonium sulphate solution and recovering solid ammonium sulphate, washing the CaCOfollowed by calcination to generate COand lime, recycling the COin the Solvay process to obtain soda ash, recycling the lime with ammonium chloride generated in the Solvay process to recover ammonia and obtain distiller waste containing CaClas a by-product, recycling the by-product distiller waste for the desulphatation of the brine, and recycling the ammonia recovered. 1. A method of recycling of by-products of Merseberg process and Solvay process in an integrated process for the production of soda ash and ammonium sulphate employing brine , ammonia and COas raw materials , the process comprising the steps of:i. treating the brine with soda ash distiller waste for desulphatation of brine to obtain gypsum;ii. recovering pure salt from desulphated brine and utilizing it in manufacture of soda ash in Solvay process;{'sub': '3', 'iii. washing the gypsum obtained in step (i) and reacting it with liquor ammonia and carbon dioxide to obtain CaCOand ammonium sulphate;'}{'sub': '3', 'iv. separating CaCOfrom the ammonium sulphate solution obtained in step (iii), and recovering solid ammonium sulphate from the solution;'}{'sub': 3', '2, 'v. washing the CaCOobtained in step (iv) followed by calcination to generate COand lime;'}{'sub': '2', 'vi. recycling the COfrom step (v) in the Solvay process to obtain soda ash;'}vii. recycling the lime from step (v) with ammonium chloride generated in the Solvay process to recover ammonia and obtain ...

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Номер записи: 41
19-06-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING GASEOUS AMMONIA

Номер: US20140170725A1
Автор: Andrews Dirk, Gorzen Daniel F., Kirk Randol E.
Принадлежит:

A method and system for collecting gaseous nitrogen compounds into an aqueous solution are provided. The method enables the combination of gaseous sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the aqueous solution to generate ammonium compound components, to include ammonium sulfate. Sulfur may be pressure injected into the solution as gaseous sulfur dioxide. Optionally, carbon may be introduced into the solution as gaseous carbon dioxide. The sulfur may be earlier sourced by a burning of a sulfurous solid. The pH of the solution may be monitored and the introduction of ammonia, carbon and/or sulfur may be halted or constrained while the pH of the solution is measured outside of specified range. The solution may be allowed to age to permit a mix of compounds of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbomate to restabilize and thereby encourage a renewed surge of ammonium sulfate generation. 1. A method comprising:a. forming a volume of fluid water;b. burning sulfur in the presence of oxygen to form sulfur dioxide;c. exposing the volume of fluid water to the sulfur dioxide, whereby the volume of fluid water is transformed into an aqueous solution having a pH below 5;d. exposing the aqueous solution to an atmospheric gas volume comprising gaseous ammonia; ande. removing a component of the aqueous solution from the aqueous solution, the component comprising nitrogen compounds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component comprises ammonium sulfate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component is removed from the aqueous solution in a solution comprising a portion of the aqueous solution.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:f, continuing to expose the aqueous solution to the sulfur dioxide until a pH measurement of the aqueous solution of approximately four is generated; andg. halting the exposure of the sulfur dioxide until a pH measurement of the aqueous solution of approximately five is generated; andh. resuming exposure of the aqueous solution to ...

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Номер записи: 42
05-05-2022 дата публикации

Cyclic Process for Producing Taurine from Monoethanolamine

Номер: US20220135519A1
Автор: HU Songzhou
Принадлежит:

There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing taurine from monoethanolamine comprising the steps of: (a) recovering monoethanolamine sulfate from an aqueous mother liquor solution; (b) reacting the monoethanolamine sulfate with sulfuric acid to form an aqueous solution comprised of monoethanolamine bisulfate; (c) heating the aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine sulfate and optionally added monoethanolamine sulfate to yield 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate ester; and (d) reacting the ester with ammonium sulfite or an alkali sulfite to yield taurine.

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Номер записи: 43
14-04-2016 дата публикации

METHOD OF PROCESSING DISCHARGE GAS DISCHARGED FROM PRODUCTION PROCESS

Номер: US20160101987A1
Автор: AKIYAMA Toshio, IWAKI Masanori, IZAKI Kansei, MIYANO Yasusada
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a method of processing discharge gas containing ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, and an organic metal compound discharged from the production process of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor. The discharge gas is brought into contact with a cleaning agent prepared by impregnating an alkali metal compound with a metal oxide to remove the organic metal compound from the discharge gas. The discharge gas from which an organic metal compound is removed is brought into contact with an ammonia decomposition catalyst on heating to decompose the ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen. The discharge gas in which ammonia is decomposed is brought into contact with palladium alloy membrane on heating to recover hydrogen that has penetrated through the palladium alloy membrane. After an organic metal compound is removed to liquefy the ammonia contained in the discharge gas as described above, a pressurization process and a cooling process is conducted by a heat pump to pressurize and cool the discharge gas from which an organic metal compound is removed to liquefy the ammonia contained in the discharge gas and separate the liquefied ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen so as to recover the liquefied ammonia. The recovered hydrogen and ammonia are supplied to and reused in the production process of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor. 1. A method of recovering ammonia comprising:a removal step of bringing discharge gas containing ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, and an organic metal compound discharged from the production process of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor into contact with a cleaning agent prepared by impregnating an alkali metal compound with a metal oxide to remove the organic metal compound from the discharge gas; andan ammonia recovery step of conducting a pressurization process and a cooling process by a heat pump to pressurize and cool the discharge gas from which an organic metal compound is removed after the removal step to ...

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Номер записи: 44
13-04-2017 дата публикации

Liquid Fertilizer

Номер: US20170101349A1
Автор: Blankenburg Dean, Johnson Eric M., Ludtke Nathan
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a liquid fertilizer including: (i) an aqueous composition including ammonium thiosulfate; and (ii) a complex of a metal ion and a chelating agent, wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and molybdenum. The complex lowers the freeze point of the aqueous composition when creating a liquid fertilizer including the ammonium thiosulfate and the complex. Optionally, the liquid fertilizer includes borate ions. Methods of using the liquid fertilizer are also disclosed. 1. A liquid fertilizer comprising:an aqueous composition including ammonium thiosulfate, the composition having a first freeze point; anda complex of a metal ion and a chelating agent, wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and molybdenum,wherein the fertilizer has a second freeze point that is lower than the first freeze point of the aqueous composition.2. The fertilizer of wherein:the chelating agent is selected from aminocarboxylic acids, heterocyclic carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, and mixtures and salts thereof.3. The fertilizer of wherein:the chelating agent is selected from aminocarboxylic acids, and mixtures and salts thereof.4. The fertilizer of wherein:the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium.5. The fertilizer of wherein:the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium, andthe chelating agent is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.6. The fertilizer of wherein:the first freeze point of the aqueous composition is in a range of 31° F. to 45° F.7. The fertilizer of wherein:the first freeze point of the aqueous composition is in a range of 31° F. to 33° F.8. The fertilizer of wherein:the second freeze point of the fertilizer is less than or equal to 30° ...

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Номер записи: 45
11-04-2019 дата публикации

CONVERSION EQUIPMENT FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONVERTING CALCIUM-BASED FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SYSTEMS

Номер: US20190105605A1
Автор: Hammer Michael Tom, Mengel Michael Lyn, Stolzman Barry Wayne
Принадлежит:

Conversion methods and equipment for converting a calcium-based flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system to an ammonia-based FGD systems, including modifying a reagent system and absorber system of the calcium-based FGD system to be capable of, respectively, delivering an ammonia-based reagent to the absorber system rather than the calcium-based reagent, and modifying the absorber system to increase capacity of a reaction tank thereof. 1. Conversion equipment for an existing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system comprising an absorber system that includes an absorber tower to remove sulfur dioxide from a flue gas , the conversion equipment comprising:a reaction tank adapted to contain a reaction between an ammonia-based reagent and sulfur dioxide absorbed in the ammonia-based slurry to produce an ammonium sulfate byproduct, the reaction tank being adapted for connection to the absorber tower of the existing FGD system;a reagent system for preparing the ammonia-based reagent and introducing the ammonia-based reagent into the reaction tank; anda dewatering system for receiving the ammonia-based slurry from the reaction tank, isolating the ammonium sulfate byproduct from the ammonia-based slurry, and drying the ammonium sulfate byproduct.2. The conversion equipment of claim 1 , wherein the reaction tank is an external reaction tank adapted to be connected to an existing reaction tank of the existing FGD system.3. The conversion equipment of claim 1 , wherein the reaction tank is adapted to entirely replace an existing reaction tank of the existing FGD system.4. The conversion equipment of claim 1 , wherein the existing FGD system is a calcium-based FGD system.5. A method of converting an existing calcium-based flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system to an ammonia-based FGD system claim 1 , the existing calcium-based FGD system includes a reagent system for preparation of a calcium-based reagent claim 1 , an absorber system that includes an absorber tower that uses a calcium ...

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Номер записи: 46
09-04-2020 дата публикации

RECOVERING A CAUSTIC SOLUTION VIA CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTAL AGGREGATES

Номер: US20200109059A1
Автор: Fessler Eric, Heidel Kenton Robert, Keith David William, Ritchie Jane Anne, Vollendorf Nicholas
Принадлежит:

Techniques for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids such that the crystalline calcium carbonate solids include a volume of 0.0005 mmto 5 mm, include a slaker to react quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH)); a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer that encloses a solid bed mass and includes an input for a slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline solution and carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that include particles and an alkaline carbonate solution; a dewatering apparatus that includes an input coupled to the crystallizer and an output to discharge a plurality of separate streams that each include a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids and alkaline carbonate solution; and a seed transfer apparatus to deliver seed material into the crystallizer to maintain a consistent mass of seed material. 1. A method for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids in the presence of an alkaline carbonate solution in a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'reacting, in a slaking process, quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH));'}introducing the slurry of primarily slaked lime and an alkaline solution comprising between 0.1M to 4.0 M hydroxide and between 0.1 M to 4.1M carbonate into a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer comprising a bed of solid particles flowing the slurry of primarily slaked lime and the alkaline solution through the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer to fluidize the bed of solid particles, the slurry of primarily slaked lime and the alkaline solution having a fluidization flow velocity within a range of 2 m/h to 70 m/h;{'sub': 2', '3, 'reacting the Ca(OH)slurry and the alkaline carbonate solution to deposit a portion of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO) onto the bed of solid particles; and'}discharging a portion of the bed of solid ...

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Номер записи: 47
03-05-2018 дата публикации

GRANULATING AMMONIUM SULFATE

Номер: US20180117555A1
Автор: BANIK Peter, MATHIAK Jens
Принадлежит:

A device for producing granules that include ammonium sulfate may include a mixing device, an atomizing device and a fluidized bed. The mixing device may be utilized to produce a composition comprising ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate. The atomizing device may be disposed downstream of the mixing device and may be utilized to atomize the composition produced in the mixing device. The fluidized bed may also be disposed downstream of the mixing device. The fluidized bed may be utilized for producing the granules. Further, with respect to a process for producing granules comprising ammonium sulfate, a step of granulating a composition comprising ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate may involve providing ammonium sulfate-containing nuclei, fluidizing the ammonium sulfate-containing nuclei, and atomizing the composition onto the nuclei.” 115.-. (canceled)16. A process for producing granules comprising ammonium sulfate , the process comprising:providing a composition comprising ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate; andgranulating the composition.17. The process of wherein a content of ammonium sulfate in the composition is between 30% by weight to a maximum for a saturated solution.18. The process of wherein a content of ammonium sulfate in the composition is between 30% and 50% by weight.19. The process of wherein a content of aluminum sulfate in the composition is between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight based on a total mass of a dry granulated product.20. The process of wherein the granulation of the composition is performed by way of fluidized bed granulation comprising:providing ammonium sulfate-containing nuclei;fluidizing the ammonium sulfate-containing nuclei; andatomizing the composition onto the nuclei.21. The process of wherein a temperature in a fluidized bed used for the fluidized bed granulation is in a range from 50° C. to 100° C.22. The process of wherein a diameter of the ammonium sulfate-containing nuclei is in a range from 0.5 to 2.0 mm.23. The process ...

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Номер записи: 48
16-04-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM

Номер: US20200115249A1
Автор: GOSCINIAK Maciej, GOSCINIAK Patryk, MERKA Wlodzimierz, TOCZEK Agata
Принадлежит:

A method for the management of phosphogypsum consists in that a reactor () is charged with apatite and/or phosphorite phosphogypsum and with an aqueous or ammoniacal solution of ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate from a pre-reactor (), at 1: (0.1-4) ratio of phosphogypsum to the aqueous or ammoniacal solution of ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate, the entire contents are stirred at −10° C. to 200° C. for at least 2 minutes, CObeing released in the course of the process is directed to the pre-reactor (), and the post-reaction mixture is directed to a filter () to obtain an aqueous ammonium sulphate solution, whereas the precipitate from the filter () is heat-treated, followed by dissolving it in nitric acid in a reactor (), and the resultant suspension is filtered through a filter () to obtain an aqueous calcium nitrate solution, and CObeing released in the reactor () is recirculated to the pre-reactor () wherein COis reacted with ammonia in an aqueous solution to obtain the aqueous or ammoniacal solution of carbonate and/or bicarbonate which is directed to the reactor (), with the process for obtaining the aqueous or ammoniacal solution of ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate being conducted until the pH 7-12 of the solution is reached. 1. A method for the management of phosphogypsum , characterized in that a reactor is charged with apatite and/or phosphorite phosphogypsum and with an aqueous or ammoniacal solution of ammonium carbonate and or bicarbonate from a pre-reactor , at 1:(0.1-4) ratio of phosphogypsum to the aqueous or ammoniacal solution of ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate , the entire contents are stirred at −10° C. to 200° C. for at least 2 minutes , CObeing released in the course of the process is directed to the pre-reactor , and the post-reaction mixture is directed to a filter to obtain an aqueous ammonium sulphate solution , whereas the precipitate from the filter is heat-treated , followed by dissolving it in nitric acid in a reactor , ...

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Номер записи: 49
27-05-2021 дата публикации

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR PRODUCING UREA AMMONIUM SULPHATE

Номер: US20210155582A1
Автор: Van Belzen Ruud, VOLKE Howard, WINNE Erika
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for the production of an urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein said UAS composition comprises 1 to 40 weight % of ammonium sulphate (AS) relative to the total weight of the UAS composition, from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, in a pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, comprising the step of including a viscosity-reducing agent, selected from the group of water soluble aluminium salts, into one or more of said feeds. Preferably, said agent is an aluminium sulphate (AluS). The present invention also relates to a pipe reactor for the production of a urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, the pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein continuous feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein the pipe reactor further comprises means for supplying an aqueous solution of a viscosity-reducing agent to the urea solution upstream of said pipe reactor section, which agent reduces the viscosity of said UAS solution or slurry. The present invention also relates to the use of aluminium sulphate as viscosity-reducing agent in in a method for the production of urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein said UAS composition comprises 1 to 40 weight % of ammonium sulphate (AS) relative to the total weight of the UAS composition, from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, in a pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein continuous feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium ...

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Номер записи: 50
14-05-2015 дата публикации

GASEOUS AMMONIA REMOVAL SYSTEM

Номер: US20150132210A1
Автор: Rothrock Michael J., Szogi Ariel A., Vanotti Matias B.
Принадлежит:

A system and method for passive capture of ammonia in an enclosure containing material that gives off ammonia. The invention allows for the passage of gaseous NHthrough microporous hydrophobic gas-permeable membranes and its capture in a circulated acidic solution with concomitant production of a concentrated non-volatile ammonium salt. 1. An ammonia gas capture system for reducing the ammonia concentration within an enclosure , comprising:A membrane assembly having a permeable membrane wherein said permeable membrane allows for diffusion of ammonia gas concentrated outside said membrane's outer surface through the membrane wherein said ammonia gas contacts an acid supply,a reservoir containing an acid supply wherein in said reservoir pumps said acid supply through said membrane assembly; anda delivery system for delivering acid from the reservoir to said membrane assembly in order to chemically change the ammonia gas to ammonium salts and for carrying the salts to and said reservoir.2. The system according to wherein said system further comprises claim 1 ,a pump having an intake end and discharge end, andat least two hollow tubes having distal and proximal ends,a first tube having one end attached to the discharge end of the pump and a second end attached to an entry opening of said membrane assembly andsaid second tube having a first end attached to an exit opening of said membrane assembly and a second end disposed above or in said reservoir for discharging ammonium salts to said reservoir.3. The system of wherein said membrane assembly includes a tubular membrane with an entry and exit opening wherein said first and second tubes are attached to said entry and exit openings of said membrane.4. The system of wherein said membrane assembly includes a flat membrane and an acid containing trough wherein said membrane is in communication with said trough with said trough having an entry and exit opening and said first and second tubes are attached to said entry and ...

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Номер записи: 51
21-05-2015 дата публикации

FERTILIZER COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Номер: US20150135786A1
Автор: Carkin Gerry, Crum Kyle, Gencaga Orhan D., Gershenzon Mikhail, Harrison Ian Ross, Iwig David, Nichols Judodine, Orkis Steven, Parks Shannon, SMITH John, Sunday Stephen, WEAVER Mark
Принадлежит:

Generally, the instant disclosure relates to fertilizer compositions and methods of making and using the same. More specifically, the instant disclosure relates to blast suppressant and/or blast resistant ammonium nitrate fertilizer compositions, as well as methods of making and using the same. 1. A fertilizer composition , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse of not greater than 13.5 kPa*ms/kg when measured in accordance with a blast propagation test;wherein the stabilizer material comprises an aluminum production byproduct, wherein the stabilizer material is at least 12.5 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum production byproduct comprises: a layered double hydroxide.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydrocalumite.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydrotalcite.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydroxyapatite.6. In some embodiments claim 1 , the stabilizer material comprises an additive.7. A fertilizer composition claim 1 , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse of not greater than 13.5 kPa*ms/kg when measured in accordance with a blast propagation test;wherein the stabilizer material is selected from the group consisting of: layered double hydroxide, apatite, and combinations thereof;wherein the stabilizer material is at least 12.5 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.8. The fertilizer of claim 7 , further comprising a filler material.9. The fertilizer of claim 8 , wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of: bauxite residue claim 8 , fire clay claim 8 , red lime claim 8 , and combinations thereof.10. A fertilizer composition claim 8 , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount ...

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Номер записи: 52
11-05-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING GASEOUS AMMONIA

Номер: US20170128880A1
Автор: Andrews Dirk, Gorzen Daniel F., Kirk Randol E.
Принадлежит:

A method and system for collecting gaseous nitrogen compounds into an aqueous solution are provided. The method enables the combination of gaseous sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the aqueous solution to generate ammonium compound components, to include ammonium sulfate. Sulfur may be pressure injected into the solution as gaseous sulfur dioxide. Optionally, carbon may be introduced into the solution as gaseous carbon dioxide. The sulfur may be earlier sourced by a burning of a sulfurous solid. The pH of the solution may be monitored and the introduction of ammonia, carbon and/or sulfur may be halted or constrained while the pH of the solution is measured outside of specified range. The solution may be allowed to age to permit a mix of compounds of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbomate to restabilize and thereby encourage a renewed surge of ammonium sulfate generation. 1. A method comprising:a. forming a volume of fluid water;b. burning sulfur in the presence of oxygen to form sulfur dioxide;c. exposing the volume of fluid water to the sulfur dioxide, whereby the volume of fluid water is transformed into an aqueous solution having a pH below 5;d. exposing the aqueous solution to an atmospheric gas volume comprising gaseous ammonia; ande. removing a component of the aqueous solution from the aqueous solution, the component comprising nitrogen compounds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component comprises ammonium sulfate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component is removed from the aqueous solution in a solution comprising a portion of the aqueous solution.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:f, continuing to expose the aqueous solution to the sulfur dioxide until a pH measurement of the aqueous solution of approximately four is generated; andg. halting the exposure of the sulfur dioxide until a pH measurement of the aqueous solution of approximately five is generated; andh. resuming exposure of the aqueous solution to ...

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Номер записи: 53
03-06-2021 дата публикации

MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES FOR INVESTIGATING CRYSTALLIZATION

Номер: US20210164870A1
Автор: Fraden Seth, Heymann Michael, Ludwig Markus
Принадлежит:

Microfluidic devices and methods for investigating crystallization and/or for controlling a reaction or a phase transition are disclosed. In one embodiment, the microfluidic device includes a reservoir layer; a membrane disposed on the reservoir layer; a wetting control layer disposed on the membrane; and a storage layer disposed on the wetting control layer, wherein the wetting control layer and the storage layer define a microfluidic channel comprising an upstream portion, a downstream portion, a first fluid path in communication with the upstream and the downstream portions, and a storage well positioned within the first fluid path, wherein the wetting control layer includes a fluid passageway in communication with the storage well and the membrane, and wherein the wetting control layer wets a first fluid introduced into the microfluidic channel, the first fluid comprising a hydrophilic, lipophilic, fluorophilic or gas phase as the continuous phase in the microfluidic channel. 1. A device for growing crystals , the device comprising:a storage layer including a plurality of microwells positioned therein for containing the crystals;a first X-ray transparent layer attached to a first side of the storage layer;a second X-ray transparent layer is attached to a second opposite side of the storage layer; anda differential permeation membrane attached to the first X-ray transparent layer.2. The device of wherein:the first X-ray transparent layer comprises an X-ray transparent material selected from the group consisting of cycloolefin polymers, cycloolefin copolymers, polyimides, graphene, and silicon nitride, andthe second X-ray transparent layer comprises the X-ray transparent material.3. The device of wherein:the first X-ray transparent layer comprises a cycloolefin copolymer, andthe second X-ray transparent layer comprises a cycloolefin copolymer.4. The device of wherein:the first X-ray transparent layer is less than 200 microns in thickness, andthe second X-ray ...

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Номер записи: 54
18-05-2017 дата публикации

REMOVAL OF UREA AND AMMONIA FROM EXHAUST GASES

Номер: US20170137330A1
Автор: MEESSEN Jozef Hubert, ORFANIDIS Pantelis
Принадлежит: Stamicarbon B.V.

The invention relates to a method for recovery of urea dust and ammonia from a gas stream by contacting said gas stream with an aqueous sulphuric acid solution, thus forming an acid solution of ammonium sulphate and urea, characterized in that the acid solution is concentrated to a melt comprising less than 5 wt % of water, which melt is subsequently transferred into solid particles comprising urea and ammonium sulphate. 1. Method for recovery of urea dust and ammonia from a gas stream by contacting said gas stream with an aqueous sulphuric acid solution , thus forming an acid solution of ammonium sulphate and urea , characterized in that the acid solution is concentrated to a melt comprising less than 5 wt % of water , which melt is subsequently transferred into solid particles comprising urea and ammonium sulphate.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein ammonia is added to the acid solution before the acid solution is concentrated claim 1 , thus forming a neutralized solution of urea and ammonium sulphate in water.3. Method according to claim 2 , wherein the neutralized solution is concentrated by vaporization of at least part of the water phase claim 2 , thus forming water vapor and a melt comprising less than 5 wt % of water.4. Method according to claim 2 , wherein vaporization of is carried out in more than one step until the amount of water in the melt is less than 5 wt %.5. Method according to any of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein the melt is mixed with an additional amount of ammonium sulphate.6. Method according to any of the - claim 2 , where the solution before concentrating is mixed with an additional amount of ammonium sulphate.7. Method according to any of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein the melt is transferred into solid particles comprising urea in a pelletizer claim 2 , comprising a feeding device claim 2 , a belt and a device to remove the formed pellets from the belt claim 2 , by feeding a urea-comprising liquid to the feeding ...

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Номер записи: 55
24-05-2018 дата публикации

NANO SEEDING TOOLS TO GENERATE NANOMETER SIZE CRYSTALLIZATION SEEDS

Номер: US20180140969A1
Автор: Calero Guillermo A.
Принадлежит: University of Pittsburgh - of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education

A kit and a method for using the kit to generate nanoseeds from protein nanocrystals and aggregates is disclosed. The method comprises mixing a plurality of beads with a protein nanocrystal or aggregate, and agitating the mixture to generate the nanoseeds. Nanoseeds made by disclosed embodiments may be of a high quality, as evaluated by TEM, and can be used to produce high quality protein crystals. Additionally, spectroscopic techniques, such as UV fluorescence and/or brightfield microscopy can be used to identify aggregates suitable to produce nanoseeds. 1. A kit , comprising:a container selected from a tube or a flask; anda plurality of beads, each bead independently having a bead diameter suitable to be effective to make seed crystals from at least one protein nanocrystal.2. The kit of claim 1 , wherein each bead independently has a bead diameter of from 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm.3. The kit of claim 1 , wherein each bead independently has a bead diameter of from 0.1 mm to 1 mm.4. The kit of claim 2 , wherein each bead independently has a bead diameter of less than 0.5 mm.5. The kit of claim 2 , wherein each bead independently has a bead diameter selected from 0.1 mm claim 2 , 0.5 mm claim 2 , or 1 mm.6. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of beads comprises glass beads claim 1 , metal beads claim 1 , metal alloy beads claim 1 , ceramic beads claim 1 , PTFE beads claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of beads comprises glass beads claim 1 , stainless steel beads claim 1 , or a combination thereof.8. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of beads comprises beads having a mixtures of diameters.9. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of beads comprises beads of the same diameter.10. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the tube is a microcentrifuge tube.11. The kit of claim 10 , wherein the microcentrifuge tube has a size of from 0.5 mL to 2 mL.12. The kit of claim 11 , wherein the microcentrifuge tube is a 1.5 mL ...

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Номер записи: 56
16-05-2019 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SULFUR OXIDES FROM GAS

Номер: US20190143265A1
Автор: Luo Jing, Xu Changxiang
Принадлежит:

Methods, apparatus, and compositions for cleaning gas. The use of segmented multistage ammonia-based liquid spray with different oxidation potentials to remove sulfur compounds from gas. The use of different oxidation potentials may reduce unwanted ammonia slip. 2. The apparatus of wherein the first source produces ammonia bearing liquid having an ammonia concentration that is different from the ammonia concentration of the liquid produced by the second source.3. The apparatus of wherein at least one of the ammonia bearing liquid of the first source and the ammonia bearing liquid of the second source has a pH greater than 4.6.3. (canceled)4. The apparatus of wherein the first chamber is configured to be maintained at an operating temperature between 30° C. (86° F.) and 70° C. (158° F.).5. The apparatus of further comprising a demister within the first chamber.6. The apparatus of wherein the spray array includes a pattern of cone-shaped sprays that together are angled consistent with reaching inner walls of a vessel having a width no less than 110% the maximum horizontal width of the first chamber.7. The apparatus of wherein the spray arrays claim 1 , in aggregate claim 1 , are configured to deliver no less than 0.2 L of liquid per cubic meter (1.5 gallon liquid per 1000 cubic feet) of gas flow volume.8. The apparatus of further comprising a particle control chamber claim 1 , the particle control chamber:situated downstream from, and in gaseous communication with, the first chamber;separated from the first chamber by a liquid-collector that allows vapor to pass downstream; and a washing spray array; and', 'a conduit connecting the washing spray array to a particle washing liquid source., 'including9. The apparatus of wherein the particle control chamber includes a demister.10. The apparatus of wherein the demister includes a baffle plate type.11. The apparatus of wherein the demister includes a ridge type.12. The apparatus of wherein the demister include a packing ...

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Номер записи: 57
16-05-2019 дата публикации

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING AIR POLLUTANTS

Номер: US20190143267A1
Автор: HUANG KAI, LIU Hailin, Nie Wesley, Wang Marilyn, Wang Xingping, Yu Jack
Принадлежит:

Compositions for removing air pollutants from the air are provided. These compositions can be sprayed on a variety of surfaces to remove air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the environment, and are suitable for use in human dwellings. 1. A composition for removing one or more air pollutants from air , comprising:at least one plant-derived substance reactive with at least one air pollutant;at least one dispersant; andwater.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the air pollutants comprise at least one volatile organic compound.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the volatile organic compound is formaldehyde claim 2 , benzene claim 2 , toluene claim 2 , xylene claim 2 , para-dichlorobenzene claim 2 , ethyl benzene claim 2 , styrene claim 2 , acetaldehyde claim 2 , cyclohexanone claim 2 , isophorone claim 2 , methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , phenol claim 2 , acetone claim 2 , ethyl acetate claim 2 , n-butanol claim 2 , methyl isobutyl ketone claim 2 , n-butyl acetate claim 2 , acetophenone claim 2 , methyl ethyl ketone claim 2 , isopropyl alcohol claim 2 , dichloromethane claim 2 , trichloroethylene claim 2 , n-hexane claim 2 , 2-methoxylethyl acetate claim 2 , nitrobenzene claim 2 , bis-(2-methyoxyethyl)ether claim 2 , 1 claim 2 ,3 claim 2 ,5-trimethylbenzene claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the plant-derived substance comprises at least one plant enzyme.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the plant enzyme is a plant laccase claim 4 , hemicellulase claim 4 , oxidoreductase claim 4 , protease claim 4 , lipase claim 4 , cellulose claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,4-β-D-glucan glucanohydrolase claim 4 , endo-1 claim 4 ,4-β-D-glucanase claim 4 , 4-β-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase claim 4 , exo-1 claim 4 ,4-β-D-glucanase claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,4-β-glucosidase claim 4 , pectinase claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the plant enzyme is about 1 to about 30 wt % of the composition.7. ...

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Номер записи: 58
11-06-2015 дата публикации

METHOD OF RECOVERING VALUES FROM ALUMINIUM DROSS

Номер: US20150159237A1
Автор: Seetharaman Seshadri, Teng Lidong, Zhand Mai
Принадлежит:

The invention concerns a Method of recovering values from aluminum dross comprising the steps of: a1) dissolving the aluminum dross in water thereby forming a salt solution, NHcontaining gas, and solid residues; b1) separating the NHcontaining gas; and c1) reacting the NHcontaining gas with COin COcontaining water saturated to at least 20% of maximum COsaturation to form ammonium carbonate and/or ammonium bicarbonate. According to another embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: a2) dissolving the aluminum dross in COcontaining water saturated to at least 20% of maximum COsaturation, thereby forming a salt solution, and solid residues; and b2) separating the solid residues from the salt solution. 1. Method of recovering values from aluminum dross comprising the steps of:a1) dissolving the aluminum dross in water thereby forming a salt solution, NH3 containing gas, and solid residues;{'sub': '3', 'b1) separating the NHcontaining gas; and'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2', '2, 'c1) reacting the NHcontaining gas with COin COcontaining water saturated to at least 20% of maximum COsaturation to form ammonium carbonate and/or ammonium bicarbonate.'}2. The method according to wherein the method additionally comprises one ore more of the following steps:d1) separating solid residues from the salt solution;e1) evaporating water from the salt solution and reclaiming the salt components, and;f1) forming aluminum oxynitride from the solid residues such as silicon aluminum oxynitride ands/or magnesium silicon aluminum oxynitride.316-. (canceled)17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step c1) the COcontaining water is saturated to at least 40% of maximum COsaturation.18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step c1) the COcontaining water is saturated to at least 60% of maximum COsaturation.19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step c1) the COcontaining water is saturated to at least 80% of maximum COsaturation.20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 59
09-06-2016 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for producing ammonium sulfate crystals

Номер: US20160159657A1
Автор: Geert Ekkelenkamp, Johan Thomas Tinge, Robert Geertman
Принадлежит: Cap Iii Bv

The present invention provides a continuous process for producing ammonium sulfate crystals, wherein said process comprises: (a) feeding to a first group of crystallization sections, which crystallization sections are heat integrated in series, a first aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities; (b) feeding to a second group of crystallization sections, which crystallization sections are heat integrated in series, a second aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities; (c) crystallizing ammonium sulfate crystals in each crystallization section respectively from each of said solutions of ammonium sulfate that contain one or more impurities; (d) purging a fraction of the ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities from each of said crystallization sections; and (e) discharging ammonium sulfate crystals from each crystallization section, characterized in that: (i) both the first group of crystallization sections and the second group of crystallization sections are together heat integrated in one series of crystallization sections; wherein the first group of crystallization sections operates at higher temperature than the second group of crystallization sections; and (ii) the composition of the first aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities is different to the composition of the second aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities. Further provided is apparatus suitable for producing ammonium sulfate crystals.

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Номер записи: 60
22-09-2022 дата публикации

Foliar Spraying With Water Infused With Ammonia

Номер: US20220295694A1
Автор: Archibald John H., Julius Matthew
Принадлежит:

Plants use nitrogen as one of the essential elements required in their metabolism. Although the atmosphere is composed predominantly of molecular nitrogen, plants cannot break these nitrogen molecules into the elemental nitrogen required by the plants. In nature, bacteria “fix” the nitrogen in the atmosphere by using it to produce ammonia, which can be metabolized by plants. Nitrogen can also be introduced to the plants artificially, using natural or artificial fertilizer or even by direct injection of nitrogen into the soil. In all these cases, nitrogen is delivered to the plant via its roots. The present invention delivers instead ammonia to the leaves of the plants through foliar spraying by infusing water used in foliar spraying with ammonia. This is more efficient than delivery through roots of the plant, and greatly reduces the problem of fertilizer run-off. 1. A method of delivering ammonia to a plant comprising:infusing water with ammonia to create ammonia-infused water; andfoliar spraying the plant with the ammonia-infused water.2. The method of wherein infusing water with ammonia to create ammonia-infused water comprises using hollow carbon fibers to infuse the ammonia in water.3. The method of wherein the hollow carbon fibers create ammonia bubbles of about 0.2 μm in diameter in the water.4. The method of wherein foliar spraying the plant with ammonia-infused water comprises foliar spraying for about 10 to 15 seconds more than once at a frequency of about once per hour.5. The method of wherein the plant is a broad-leafed plant or grass.6. The method of wherein the ammonia-infused water has a concentration of about 5% to 25% ammonia.7. The method of further comprising foliar spraying additional plants with the ammonia-infused water so as to foliar spray a crop of plants.8. The method of wherein infusing water with ammonia to create ammonia-infused water comprises using hollow carbon fibers to infuse the ammonia in water.9. The method of wherein the hollow ...

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Номер записи: 61
07-06-2018 дата публикации

Process For Preparing Calcium Fluoride From Fluosilicic Acid

Номер: US20180155207A1
Автор: Kossir Abdelaali, Samrane Kamal
Принадлежит: OCP SA

The invention relates to a process for preparing synthetic calcium fluoride (CaF) (min 90% CaFby weight) from fluosilicic acid, comprising the following steps: 1. A process for preparing synthetic calcium fluoride (CaF) from fluosilicic acid , comprising the following steps:{'sub': 2', '6, '(a) reacting fluosilicic acid (HSiF) with ammonium hydroxide or ammonia in a first reactor so as to obtain a first slurry; filtering said first slurry so as to obtain a filtrate containing a solution of ammonium fluoride;'}{'sub': '3', '(b) precipitating the solution of ammonium fluoride obtained as a filtrate in step (a) with calcium carbonate (CaCO) as a dry form or as a suspension at a concentration ranging from 10 to 80% by weight in a second reactor so as to produce a second slurry containing calcium fluoride and ammonium carbonate; filtering said second slurry so as to obtain a filter cake containing calcium fluoride and a filtrate containing a solution of ammonium carbonate; washing and drying said filter cake so as to obtain calcium fluoride and a filter cake washing containing a solution of ammonium carbonate; wherein a portion of the second slurry ranging from 10 to 70% is recycled to the second reactor so as to enhance calcium fluoride crystallization in the second reactor;'}(c) evolving the major part of ammonia from the second reactor in step (b) because of partial decomposition of ammonium carbonate under reactor conditions and then scrubbing and returning said ammonia to the first reactor, and gathering and treating by distillation and condensation both ammonium carbonate solutions obtained as the filtrate and the filter cake washing in step (b) to recover liquid ammonia which is recycled to the first reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein at step (a) the filtration of the first slurry produces a filter cake containing amorphous precipitated silica and said silica cake is further washed and dried.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the ...

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Номер записи: 62
28-08-2014 дата публикации

Oxidation system and method for cleaning waste combustion flue gas

Номер: US20140241971A1
Автор: Daniel Per Niklas Persson, Marja Swahn, Mati Maripuu
Принадлежит: Alstom Technology AG

Methods and systems for the removal of SO2 from waste combustion flue gas are described herein. The subject methods and systems entail one step, two steps or three steps to produce cleaned flue gas for release to the atmosphere.

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Номер записи: 63
18-06-2015 дата публикации

System and method for production of granular ammonium sulfate

Номер: US20150166418A1
Автор: Mark D. Ibsen, Praveen Jain, Santiago Gomez
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A system for the production of ammonium sulfate granules including a pipe cross reactor (PCR) configured to contact concentrated sulfuric acid with anhydrous ammonia to produce a PCR product comprising ammonium sulfate; and a granulator fluidly connected to the PCR, whereby PCR product extracted from the PCR can be introduced into the granulator, an inlet for ammonium sulfate seed material, an ammonia sparger configured to spray liquid anhydrous ammonia onto a bed of ammonium sulfate granules within the granulator, and a granulator product outlet configured for extraction of granulator product comprising ammonium sulfate granules from the granulator. A method of producing ammonium sulfate granules is also provided.

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Номер записи: 64
23-05-2019 дата публикации

DETERMINATION OF RNA IN BLOOD OR OTHER FLUIDS

Номер: US20190153427A1
Автор: Cui Nai Wen, Weitz David A., Zhang Huidan
Принадлежит: President and Fellows of Harvard College

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for determining RNA in blood or other fluids. In certain embodiments, blood or other fluids may be treated to isolate or separate RNA, for example, from DNA, cells, and other material. In some cases, the RNA may arise from bacteria or other pathogens or foreign organisms that may be found within the blood or other fluid. In some cases, RNA stabilizing reagents, such as ammonium sulfate, may be added to stabilize RNA, then cells within the blood may be lysed to release the RNA (and other materials) from the cells, thereby producing a lysate. The lysate may be treated, e.g., to separate nucleic acids from other components within the lysate, and in some cases, DNA may be degraded, e.g., using DNAses or other suitable enzymes, leaving behind the RNA. The RNA can then be studied, purified, analyzed, amplified, stored, or the like. 1. A method , comprising:adding an RNA-stabilizing reagent to a blood sample;lysing cells within the blood sample to produce a lysate;degrading DNA within the lysate; andseparating RNA from the lysate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the RNA-stabilizing reagent comprises ammonium sulfate.3. The method of any one of or claim 1 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is added to produce a final concentration in the blood sample of no more than 20 g/100 mL.4. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is added to produce a final concentration in the blood sample of no more than 64 mM.5. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein lysing cells within the blood sample comprises exposing the cells within the blood sample to proteinase K.6. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein lysing cells within the blood sample comprises exposing the cells within the blood sample to lysozyme.7. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein degrading DNA within the lysate comprises exposing the lysate to a nonspecific endonuclease.8. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 65
16-06-2016 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND ENERGY PRODUCTION

Номер: US20160167974A1
Автор: Novek Ethan
Принадлежит:

The present invention pertains to new methods for generating energy and useful nitrogen compounds from captured carbon dioxide. It involves employing an osmotic engine, draw solution, and feed solution. An osmotic gradient between the solutions assists in generating energy and a solution of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or mixture thereof. This solution may be decomposed to form ammonia, carbon dioxide, a precipitate, or a mixture thereof. 2. The integrated process of which further comprises:employing an osmotic engine comprising: (1) the formed solution of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate or mixture thereof as a draw solution and (2) a feed solution having a lower osmotic pressure than said draw solution to generate a gradient; andusing the gradient to generate energy and a second solution of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate or mixture thereof wherein said second solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the draw solution and wherein at least a portion of said second solution is subjected to decomposing.3. The integrated process of wherein the engine is selected from the group consisting of pressure retarded osmosis system claim 2 , reverse electrodialysis claim 2 , and capacitive mixing power production.4. The integrated process of wherein the osmotic engine is a pressure retarded osmosis system wherein the transfer of water from the feed solution across one or more membranes is employed to generate electricity via a hydroelectric generator.5. The integrated process of wherein the draw solution is formed by capturing carbon dioxide with ammonia.6. The integrated process of wherein the captured carbon dioxide used to form the solution comprises carbon dioxide captured from combustion or oxidation of one or more hydrocarbons claim 1 , from steam reforming claim 1 , from gas shift reaction claim 1 , from catalytic reforming claim 1 , from natural gas purification claim 1 , from land fill gas claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 66
16-06-2016 дата публикации

BIOAVAILABLE MINERALS FOR PLANT HEALTH

Номер: US20160168039A1
Автор: Kennedy John Wayne
Принадлежит:

A method employing a composition of bioavailable minerals directed at supplementing nutritional intake of a living plant. The composition includes the ionic mineral(s) copper and zinc in a ligand complex and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier including water, HSOand (NH)SO. The composition for use in the method may also include other supporting plant nutrients such as botanical extracts, urea, plant hormones, vitamins and mineral supplements necessary for plant health. 1. A method of supplementing nutritional intake of a living plant , the method comprising steps of: [{'sub': 2', '4', '4', '2', '4, 'adding ingredients of water, HSO, (NH)SO, copper and zinc into a mixture;'}, 'agitating the mixture until the ingredients are blended together;', 'diluting the mixture with water to form the composition., 'treating a plant with a composition, the composition being formed by2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising adding at least one delivery agent to the composition prior to the step of treating claim 1 , the delivery agent selected from the group consisting of a surfactant claim 1 , dimethyl sulfoxide claim 1 , a urea based compound claim 1 , a detergent claim 1 , a hygroscopic compound and combinations thereof.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of zinc to copper is 7:2.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , were in the composition has a pH of less than 1.0.5. The method as recited claim 1 , further comprising a step of analyzing the plant to determine a specific nutrient required and claim 1 , wherein the composition further includes a nutrient matched to the specific nutrient required.6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the composition further includes at least one of manganese claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , selenium and vanadium.7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the composition further include at least one of a plant hormone claim 1 , an auxin claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 67
25-06-2015 дата публикации

SAFE BLENDS OF AMMONIUM NITRATE (AN) WITH UREA, OR OF AN AN-COMPRISING PRODUCT WITH A UREA-COMPRISING PRODUCT

Номер: US20150175491A1
Автор: LEDOUX Francois, Nygaard Erik C., WINNE Erika
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a solid blend of urea based and ammonium nitrate based particles, the blend comprising ammonium nitrate based particles with salts able to bind crystallization water and urea particles with ammonium sulphate. 1. A solid blend of urea based particles and ammonium nitrate based particles , characterised in that it comprises ammonium nitrate based particles comprising salts able to bind crystallization water , and urea based particles comprising ammonium sulphate.2. The blend according to claim 1 ,wherein the salt is selected from magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulphate, aluminium sulphate or mixtures thereof.3. The blend according to claim 1 , wherein the salt amount is 0.1-50 weight % claim 1 , preferably 0.5-3 weight % claim 1 , of the ammonium nitrate based particles.4. The blend according to claim 1 ,wherein the urea particles comprising ammonium sulphate comprises ammonium sulphate distributed in the mass of the particle.5. The blend according to claim 1 ,wherein the urea particles comprising ammonium sulphate have an external layer of urea ammonium sulphate.6. The blend according to claim 1 , characterised in that the parts of the urea based particles claim 1 , comprising ammonium sulphate claim 1 , which are in contact with ammonium nitrate based particles claim 1 , contain 42% N or less.7. The blend according to claim 1 , wherein the blend contains more than 40 weight % particles of urea comprising ammonium sulphate.8. The blend according to claim 1 ,wherein the blend comprises a colouring agent, the colouring agent distributed throughout the particles and/or being external at the surface of the particles.9. The blend according to claim 1 ,wherein the urea based particles and the ammonium nitrate based particles have a similar size and particle size distribution, and particle density within the same range.11. A process according to claim 10 , wherein the salt is selected from magnesium nitrate claim 10 , magnesium sulphate claim ...

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Номер записи: 68
25-06-2015 дата публикации

USE OF UREA SYNTHESIS PURGE GAS IN AN INTEGRATED AMMONIA-UREA PROCESS AND RELATED PLANT

Номер: US20150175533A1
Автор: Zardi Federico
Принадлежит: Casale SA

An ammonia-urea plant where purge gas stream () generated in the urea section is used as ammonia source for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in combustion fumes () which are emitted by the ammonia section; a related process and a method for modification of an ammonia-urea plant are also disclosed. 1. A process where:ammonia is synthesized in an ammonia section (AM) of an ammonia-urea integrated plant by reacting hydrogen and nitrogen, said hydrogen being produced by reforming of a hydrocarbon source;at least part of said ammonia is reacted in a urea section (UR) of said plant for the synthesis of urea (U), and a purge gas stream containing some ammonia is generated by said urea section, wherein said purge gas stream is used as an ammonia source for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in combustion fumes produced in the ammonia-urea plant.2. The process according to claim 1 , where said combustion fumes are emitted by the ammonia section (AM) of said ammonia-urea plant.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said purge gas stream claim 1 , or at least a portion thereof claim 1 , is fed to a selective catalytic reduction unit (SCR) or is mixed with said combustion fumes before entering said reduction unit.4. An ammonia-urea plant including an ammonia section (AM) and a urea section (UR) claim 1 , wherein ammonia is synthesized in the ammonia section from hydrogen and nitrogen claim 1 , said hydrogen being obtained via reforming of a hydrocarbon source claim 1 , and at least part of said ammonia is passed to the urea section for the synthesis of urea claim 1 , said plant being characterized by comprising a selective catalytic reduction unit (SCR) for removal of nitrogen oxides from combustion fumes produced in the plant claim 1 , and by comprising a line arranged to feed a purge gas stream generated by the urea section to said selective catalytic reduction unit (SCR) claim 1 , for use of said purge gas stream as an ammonia ...

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Номер записи: 69
01-07-2021 дата публикации

CONTROLLING AEROSOL PRODUCTION DURING ABSORPTION IN AMMONIA-BASED DESULFURIZATION

Номер: US20210197117A1
Автор: Luo Jing, Luo Yongying, Wang Jinyong
Принадлежит:

Controlling aerosol production during absorption in ammonia-based desulfurization. The absorption reaction temperature, the oxygen content and water content of the process gas may be controlled, and an absorption circulating liquid containing ammonium sulfite may be used for removing sulfur dioxide in flue gas, so as to control aerosol production during absorption in the ammonia-based desulfurization 1. Apparatus for absorption of sulfur dioxide from a flue gas , the apparatus comprising:a reactor configured to receive the flue gas;a spraying layer that is disposed in the reactor and is configured to contact the flue gas with an ammonia-bearing liquid that that contains ammonium sulfite and absorbs, at a temperature, sulfur from the flue gas; limit oxygen content of material entering the reactor to a content that is no greater than 12% by volume; and', 'lower the temperature in response to an excess aerosol content in effluent from the reactor;, 'a control that is configured toan oxidation system configured to oxidize the liquid; andan auxiliary system that is configured to derive ammonium sulfate solid from the liquid.2. The apparatus of wherein the auxiliary system comprises:an ammonium sulfate post-treatment system;an ammonia supply system; anda process water system.4. The apparatus of wherein:a third gas-liquid separator is disposed within the absorption zone; anda fourth gas-liquid separator is disposed within the fine particle zone.5. The apparatus of wherein: a liquid-gas ratio is not less than 0.4 L/Nm3; and', 'an average spray coverage rate is not less than 200%; and,, 'in the absorption zone, in each layer a liquid-gas ratio is not less than 0.42 L/Nm3; and', 'an average spray coverage rate is not less than 150%., 'in the fine particle control zone, in each layer9. The apparatus of wherein the tower is configured to:flow the flue gas at a superficial gas flow rate of 0.8 m/s-4 m/s; and{'sub': '2', 'sup': '3', 'receive flue gas having an SOconcentration of ...

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Номер записи: 70
01-07-2021 дата публикации

Method for liquefying ammonia

Номер: US20210199376A1
Автор: Abigail BONIFACIO, Alain Guillard, Pierre-Philippe Guerif, Vincent Follaca
Принадлежит: LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method for liquefying ammonia can include the steps of: providing a pressurized carbon dioxide stream from a power generating facility; expanding the pressurized carbon dioxide stream to a lower pressure that is sufficient to produce a dual phase carbon dioxide fluid; introducing the dual phase carbon dioxide fluid to a gas-liquid separator; withdrawing a liquid stream from the gas-liquid separator; and liquefying an ammonia gas stream in an ammonia liquefier by indirect contact with the liquid stream from the gas-liquid separator, thereby forming a liquid ammonia stream and a gaseous carbon dioxide stream.

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Номер записи: 71
07-07-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REMOVING DUST AND SULPHUR OXIDES FROM PROCESS GASES

Номер: US20160193565A1
Автор: Kupari Jari, Niemelä Pekka, Väänänen Eero
Принадлежит: OUTOKUMPU OYJ

The invention relates to a method for removing solids in dust and sulphur oxides from process gases generated in a metallurgical process by a wet process. At least part of basic liquid is fed into the gas flow containing solids in at least one cascade scrubber in order to mix basic liquid with the gases and solids to be cleaned at the latest during the wetting of the gases and solids in the water space of the cascade scrubber, and the mixture containing basic liquid, wetted gases and solids are directed to have a cascade shower in each cascade scrubber in order to remove sulphur and solids from the gases. 1. Method for removing solids in dust and sulphur oxides from process gases generated in connection with a metallurgical sintering process by a wet process , characterized in that basic liquid is fed into the gas flow containing solids in at least one cascade scrubber in order to mix basic liquid with the gases and solids to be cleaned at the latest during the wetting of the gases and solids in the water space of the cascade scrubber , and the mixture containing basic liquid , wetted gases and solids are directed to have a cascade shower in each cascade scrubber in order to remove sulphur and solids from the gases.2. Method according to the claim 1 , characterized in that the pH value of basic liquid is between 8 and 14.3. Method according to the claim 2 , characterized in that the pH value of basic liquid is between 11.5-12.5.4. Method according to the claim 1 , characterized in that the basic liquid is fed above the water surface level in the water space of the scrubber tube.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the basic liquid is fed below the water surface level in the water space of in the scrubber tube.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the basic liquid is fed partly above the water surface level in in the water space of the scrubber tube and partly below the water surface level in in the water space of the scrubber tube. ...

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Номер записи: 72
20-06-2019 дата публикации

Method for Binding Hazardous Agricultural Ammonia Using Organic Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20190185389A1
Автор: Egidijus Griškonis, Pieter Anthony Philip Van Wakeren, Tomas Nakas
Принадлежит: Individual

A method for binding hazardous agricultural ammonia using organic carbon dioxide reduces ammonia emissions from farming operations producing livestock, such as cows, pigs, and poultry. The method entraps a quantity of agricultural ammonia within an ammonia solution by reacting the quantity of agricultural ammonia with a quantity of organic carbon dioxide within a primary reaction vessel. The quantity of agricultural ammonia is mixed with a quantity of organic carbon dioxide to form an ammonia-bound solution. The ammonia-bound solution is able to be stored or transported for use in future chemical processes.

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Номер записи: 73
14-07-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS TO RECOVER AMMONIUM BICARBONATE FROM WASTEWATER

Номер: US20160200613A1
Автор: ORENTLICHER Morton, Simon Mark M.
Принадлежит:

The present invention is a process, a method, and system for recovery and concentration of dissolved ammonium bicarbonate from a wastewater containing ammonia (NH3) using gas separation, condensation, filtration, and crystallization, each at controlled operating temperatures. The present invention includes 1) removal of ammonia from waste (sludges, semi-solids, and solids and liquids) without the use of chemicals at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius, 2) mixing of the gaseous ammonia with carbon dioxide and water vapor and concentrating dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate using reverse osmosis at a temperature of between about 35 and 50 degrees Celsius, and 3) crystallizing concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate at a temperature of less than about 35 degrees Celsius to form solid ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. 1. A process to treat waste containing ammonia nitrogen comprising:treating waste at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius to create a gas and, without the use of chemicals, converting substantially all ammonia in the waste to gaseous form in the gas;cooling the gas to between 35 and 50 degrees Celsius and mixing the gas containing gaseous ammonia with carbon dioxide and water vapor forming dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate in a liquid condensate;concentrating the dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate in the liquid condensate using reverse osmosis operating at a temperature between 35 and 50 degrees Celsius; andcrystallizing the concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate condensate at a temperature of less than about 35 degrees Celsius to form solid ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said treating waste at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius comprises stripping the waste of ammonia.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said treating waste at a temperature ...

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Номер записи: 74
30-07-2015 дата публикации

AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL DEVICE FOR SCRUBBER, AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL METHOD FOR SCRUBBER, AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL DEVICE AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL METHOD

Номер: US20150209720A1
Автор: KOMATSU Tadashi, TAKAHASHI Kuniyuki
Принадлежит: FUJI ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

An amount of seawater control device controls an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater. The control device includes a minimum amount of seawater converter which calculates a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, an amount of seawater correction converter which calculates a corrected amount of seawater which is an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable, a summing element which calculates a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater, and a pump control device which implements control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount is supplied to the scrubber. 1. An amount of seawater control device for a scrubber , which controls an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater , comprising:a minimum amount of seawater converter which calculates a minimum amount of seawater which is a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output and a sulfur content of fuel oil;an amount of seawater correction converter which calculates a corrected amount of seawater which is an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable;a summing element which calculates a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater; anda pump control device which implements control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount of seawater is supplied to the scrubber.2. The amount of seawater control device for a ...

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Номер записи: 75
30-07-2015 дата публикации

MERCURY RE-EMISSION CONTROL

Номер: US20150209725A1
Автор: Czarnecki Lawrence Joseph
Принадлежит:

A method for reducing mercury emission and/or re-emission in cleaned flue gas through control of dissolved mercury species concentration within a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system is disclosed. One method for reducing mercury emission and/or re-emission through control of dissolved mercury species concentration is to measure the dissolved mercury species concentration of an aqueous alkaline slurry used in a WFGD system and/or measuring mercury concentration of cleaned flue gas from a WFGD system and comparing the same to a predetermined dissolved mercury species concentration value and/or a predetermined mercury concentration value. If the comparison reveals the measured dissolved mercury species concentration or mercury concentration is above the predetermined values therefor, the amount of cyclodextrin additive supplied to the system is increased. If the comparison reveals the measured dissolved mercury species concentration or mercury concentration is below the predetermined values, the amount of cyclodextrin additive supplied to the system is decreased. 1. A method for controlling , reducing or preventing mercury emission or re-emission levels in a cleaned combustion flue gas comprises:supplying a combustion flue gas to a WFGD system for direct contact with an aqueous alkaline slurry for removal of contaminants from the flue gas to produce a cleaned flue gas;measuring a dissolved mercury species concentration or mercury concentration to obtain a measured concentration value in the WFGD system for comparison to a predetermined concentration value; andadjusting an amount of cyclodextrin additive supplied to the WFGD system to increase or decrease the measured concentration value to reduce levels of mercury emission and/or re-emission in the produced cleaned flue gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dissolved mercury species concentration is measured in the aqueous alkaline slurry of the WFGD system.3. The method according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 76
19-07-2018 дата публикации

GRANULATION OF UREA PRODUCTS

Номер: US20180201551A1
Автор: SCHAAFSMA Stefan H., SOONS Petrus Catharina Gerlach
Принадлежит: Stamicarbon B.V.

Disclosed is a method of making a granulate of a urea product comprising urea and a salt, such as urea ammonium sulfate, having a high content of the salt. The high content is such as to provide an amount of the salt above the limit of solubility of the salt in urea. The granulate of the invention is characterized by having a smooth surface, which, e.g. in the event of urea ammonium sulfate, is not normally the case for granulate having the aforementioned high ammonium sulfate content. According to the invention this is realized by dividing the feed liquids to granulation. This division is based on non-final granulation liquids of a sufficiently high content of the salt, and a final granulation liquid (determining the surface) having a salt content of below the solubility limit of the salt, or no salt at all. E.g. in the event of urea ammonium sulfate, the non-final granulation liquids possibly are a slurry of urea and more than 20 wt. % of ammonium sulfate. The final granulation liquid then has 0-20 wt. % of ammonium sulfate, i.e. below the solubility limit. 1. A method for producing granules of urea ammonium sulfate , the method comprising providing a slurry comprising urea and , relative to the urea , more than 20 wt. % of ammonium sulfate; subjecting said slurry to a fluidized bed granulation process , thereby forming a urea ammonium sulfate granulate intermediate; providing a liquid comprising urea and , relative to the urea , an amount of 0-20 wt. % of ammonium sulfate , said ammonium sulfate being dissolved in the urea; presenting said liquid as a final granulation liquid to the urea ammonium sulfate granulate intermediate , thereby obtaining a urea ammonium sulfate granulate having more than 20 wt. % of ammonium sulfate.2. A method according to , comprising obtaining particles by subjecting urea ammonium sulfate granulate produced by the process of to a suitable size-reduction technique , such as crushing , grinding , or milling , and feeding said particles ...

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Номер записи: 77
28-07-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AMMONIUM SULFATE CRYSTALS

Номер: US20160214868A1
Автор: DEBEIJ Johannes Elisabeth Pierre, Ekkelenkamp Geert, GEERTMAN Robert, Tinge Johan Thomas, VAN YSACKER Peter
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a continuous process for producing ammonium sulfate crystals, wherein said process comprises: i) feeding to a series of crystallization sections, which crystallization sections are heat integrated in series, a solution of ammonium sulfate; ii) crystallizing ammonium sulfate crystals from said solution of ammonium sulfate; iii) purging a fraction of the solution of ammonium sulfate from each of said crystallization sections;and iv) discharging ammonium sulfate crystals from each crystallization section, characterized in that: a fraction of said solution of ammonium sulfate is purged from at least one crystallization section to at least one other crystallization section; and an apparatus suitable for producing ammonium sulfate crystals. 1. A continuous process for producing ammonium sulfate crystals , wherein said process comprises:i) feeding to a series of crystallization sections, which crystallization sections are heat integrated in series, a solution of ammonium sulfate;ii) crystallizing ammonium sulfate crystals from said solution of ammonium sulfate;iii) purging a fraction of the solution of ammonium sulfate from each of said crystallization sections; andiv) discharging ammonium sulfate crystals from each crystallization section, characterized in that:a fraction of said solution of ammonium sulfate is purged from at least one crystallization section to at least one other crystallization section.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the crystallization sections are heat integrated by means of steam.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein a fraction of said solution of ammonium sulfate is purged from each crystallization section in the series to the next crystallization unit in the series claim 2 , as defined by descending temperature of steam supply claim 2 , with the exception that the purge from the final crystallization section in the series is discharged from the series.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein each ...

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Номер записи: 78
06-08-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING CRYSTALLINE AMMONIUM SULFATE PRODUCT

Номер: US20150218008A1
Автор: Ekkelenkamp Geert, Tinge Johan Thomas, Vonk Pieter
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for preparing a crystalline ammonium sulfate product, which process comprises: a) subjecting in a crystallizer a feed solution of ammonium sulfate to crystallization to form a first slurry of ammonium sulfate crystals; b) subjecting the first slurry of ammonium sulfate crystals to a first size classification to yield a first coarse ammonium sulfate crystal fraction and a first fine ammonium sulfate crystal fraction; c) recycling at least part of the first fine ammonium sulfate crystal fraction to the feed solution of ammonium sulfate; and d) recovering a crystalline ammonium sulfate product from the first coarse ammonium sulfate crystal fraction, characterized in that: e) a second size classification is carried out on a second slurry of ammonium sulfate crystals to yield a second coarse ammonium sulfate crystal fraction and a second fine ammonium sulfate crystal fraction. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the second slurry of ammonium sulfate crystals is the first fine ammonium sulfate crystal fraction.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the second slurry of ammonium sulfate crystals is withdrawn directly from the crystallizer.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the threshold crystal size of the second size classification claim 3 , is determined by adjusting the density of the first slurry of ammonium sulfate crystals in the crystallizer.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the first fine ammonium sulfate crystal fraction is recycled to the feed solution of ammonium sulfate.6. A process according to claim 5 , wherein at least some of the crystals in the at least part of the first fine ammonium sulfate crystal fraction to be recycled are dissolved before the at least part of the first fine ammonium sulfate crystal fraction is recycled to the feed solution of ammonium sulfate.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the second fine crystal fraction is recycled to ...

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Номер записи: 79
06-08-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR LIMITING THE USE OF AN AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILIZER AS A PRECURSOR FOR AN EXPLOSIVE AND COMPOSITION THEREFOR

Номер: US20150218058A1
Автор: De Moor Bart, LEDOUX Francois
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a fertilizer composition comprising ammonium nitrate, of which the potential misuse as a precursor for an explosive is limited on the one hand, without hampering its legitimate use by farmers for food production on the other hand, to a method for the preparation of said fertilizer composition, and to the use thereof. The fertilizer composition comprising ammonium nitrate comprises a non-hygroscopic agent which is able to form a non-hygroscopic fertilizer composition with ammonium nitrate under normal conditions of storage and use, and to form an hygroscopic composition with ammonium nitrate after said fertilizer composition is contacted with water, and optionally a foaming agent. According to one embodiment, the non-hygroscopic agent is selected from the group of non-hygroscopic urea double salts, in particular urea calcium nitrate (UCaN). 118-. (canceled)19. Ammonium nitrate based fertilizer composition comprising ammonium nitrate , further comprising a non-hygroscopic agent which is able to form a non-hygroscopic fertilizer composition with ammonium nitrate under normal conditions of storage and use , and to form a hygroscopic fertilizer composition with ammonium nitrate after said fertilizer composition is contacted with water , whereinthe non-hygroscopic agent is a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds, selected from the group of a blend, a double salt, and a coated material, or any combination thereof, and{'b': '45', 'the non-hygroscopic agent is an hygroscopic compound, in particular a compound having a Critical Relative Humidity of less than %, which is provided with a coating, and'}the non-hygroscopic agent is selected from the group of non-hygroscopic urea double salts, andthe non-hygroscopic agent is selected from the group of urea calcium sulphate (UCaS), urea calcium nitrate (UCaN), urea magnesium nitrate (UMgN), urea calcium phosphate (UCaP), urea magnesium phosphate (UMgP), urea superphosphate (USP) ...

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Номер записи: 80
27-07-2017 дата публикации

Methods and systems for producing ammonia

Номер: US20170210632A1
Автор: AROCKIADOSS Thevasahayam
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Disclosed herein are methods and systems to produce ammonia from nitrogen and water. In an embodiment, a method of producing ammonia involves contacting nitrogen, water, and at least one superparamagnetic catalyst to form a mixture, and exposing the mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field. In some embodiments, the superparamagnetic catalyst is BVO 2 FeO 2 .

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Номер записи: 81
27-07-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR TREATING SLUDGE AND MANUFACTURING BIOORGANICALLY-AUGMENTED HIGH NITROGEN-CONTAINING INORGANIC FERTILIZER

Номер: US20170210674A9
Автор: Burnham Jeffrey C., Carr James P., Dahms Gary L.
Принадлежит:

The invention describes a new method for treating sludge, which can result in the production of high nitrogen organically-augmented inorganic fertilizer that incorporates municipal sludges or biosolids or organic sludges that can compete with traditional fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and urea on the commodity fertilizer marketplace. The method takes advantage of the thixotropic property of dewatered biosolids or organic sludge to create a pumpable paste-like material from the biosolids or organic sludge that is then treated with an oxidizer to reduce odorant effects and an acid. This mix is then interacted with concentrated sulfuric and or phosphoric acids and an ammonia source or alternatively a hot or molten melt or salt of ammonium sulfate/phosphate to form a fertilizer mix. The present invention controls the heat, atmospheric pressure and retention time of the fertilizer mix in the reaction vessel. When a fertilizer melt is formed ammoniation is subsequently completed by the specific use of vaporized ammonia. The invention can also be an add-on to commercial production of ammonium salts. The fertilizer produced by the present invention contains more than 8 wt. % nitrogen and preferably 15 wt. % nitrogen. The invention is oriented to be tailored to the biosolids production for individual municipal waste treatment plants in order to keep the fertilizer manufacturing plants of the present invention small with a minimization of logistics and liability. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive mixture comprises a hot salt of a substance selected from the group consisting essentially of ammonium sulfate claim 1 , ammonium phosphate and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive mixture comprises a hot melt of a substance selected from the group consisting essentially of ammonium sulfate claim 1 , ammonium phosphate and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive mixture comprises the ...

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Номер записи: 82
05-08-2021 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING CRYSTALS USING SOLVENT VAPORS

Номер: US20210236954A1
Автор: Bethers Pratt, Goodman, III David
Принадлежит:

A Reflux Rinsing apparatus for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization. A pressure vessel contains a liquefied gas solvent, impure crystalline starting material initially, and a purified crystalline mass at the conclusion of the purifying process. A mechanism is provided for providing pressure to contents of the pressure vessel and for heating the lower portion thereof. A timer is also connected to the mechanism, the timer being set to heat the pressure vessel to drive vapors and reflux rinsing to remove impurities at the surface of an impure crystalline mass, to reclaim the solvent, leaving purified crystals and impurities in the pressure vessel, and to open the pressure vessel to remove the purified crystals from the vessel walls and bottom surface and to remove the impurities from the vessel. The angle of a crystal bed in the apparatus can be adjusted. 1. A reflux rinsing apparatus for purifying crystals using solvent vapor , comprising:a vessel for containing a liquefied gas solvent, impure crystalline starting material initially, and a purified crystalline mass at the conclusion of the purifying process;a pressure element for providing pressure to contents of the vessel;a heating element for heating the vessel; and i) heat the vessel to drive vapors and reflux rinsing to remove impurities at a surface of a purified crystalline mass; and', 'ii) open the vessel to allow removal of the purified crystalline mass and impurities from the vessel., 'a timer operatively connected to the heating element, the timer configured to2. The reflux rinsing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the timer is configured to cycle step (i) with control over temperature and pressure.3. The reflux rinsing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the timer is configured to reclaim the solvent while leaving crystals and impurities in the vessel claim 1 , prior to opening the vessel.4. The reflux rinsing apparatus according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 83
13-08-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR INITIATING AN AMMONIUM SULFATE CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS

Номер: US20150224421A1
Автор: Ekkelenkamp Geert, Tinge Johan Thomas, Vonk Pieter
Принадлежит:

A continuous process for producing crystal-line ammonium sulfate, said process comprising a start-up operation followed by a steady-state operation, wherein the start-up operation comprises: i) in a crystallizer, evaporating solvent from an approximately saturated ammonium sulfate solution; ii) replacing evaporated solvent with further approximately proximately saturated ammonium sulfate solution; iii) introducing to the crystallizer seed crystals of ammonium sulfate; iv) continuing to evaporate solvent, until a desired degree of supersaturation is reached; and v) recovering crystalline ammonium sulfate from ammonium sulfate solution in a recovery unit, and the steady-state operation comprises: vi) continuously feeding approximately saturated ammonium sulfate solution into the crystallizer and continuously withdrawing ammonium sulfate crystals from the crystallizer, such that the total combined volume of ammonium sulfate solution and ammonium sulfate crystals within the crystallizer remains constant; and vii) recovering crystalline ammonium sulfate from ammonium sulfate solution in a recovery unit, characterized in that the degree of supersaturation in the crystallizer during the start-up operation is maintained between % and the point at which primary nucleation occurs; and apparatus suitable for carrying out the process. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the supersaturation in the crystallizer during the start-up operation is maintained between 1.2% and 2.5%.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the supersaturation in the crystallizer during the start-up operation is maintained between 1.3% and 2.2%.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the average size of seed crystals is below the average size of crystalline ammonium sulfate.5. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the average size of seed crystals fed to the crystallizer is below 1.4 mm.6. A process according to claim 5 , wherein the average size of seed crystals fed to the crystallizer ...

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Номер записи: 84
04-08-2016 дата публикации

Partially Continuous Countercurrent Process For Converting Gypsum To Ammonium Sulfate And Calcium Carbonate

Номер: US20160221834A1
Автор: COCHRAN Keith D., Hasinoff Murray P., Hayes Melissa C., HOLT Timothy G., JR. Arthur R., MILLER Joseph M., PURSELL Taylor, Saila Joseph A., SHIRLEY
Принадлежит:

The present invention includes a partially continuous countercurrent process for converting gypsum, by reaction with ammonium carbonate, to products of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by introducing the reactants into reactors, mixing the reactants for a predetermined amount of time, employing a novel combination of countercurrent flows coupled with the reactors operated in a batch manner with process recycle of liquids, removing materials from the reactor and separating solids from solutions wherein no reactants are added during the removal process and thus the reactants have sufficient time to react and ensure the desired degree of reaction, yield and purity of product calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate while minimizing the reaction time. 1. A partially continuous countercurrent flow process for converting gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate comprising the following steps:separating an aqueous slurry of gypsum to result in a gypsum liquid residue and a gypsum cake;feeding a flow of reactants being the gypsum cake and a solution of ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate into a first reactor for chemical reaction;stopping the flow of reactants into the first reactor for a retention time selected to achieve a preselected degree of chemical reaction to form an ammonium sulfate solution containing a first precipitate calcium carbonate and a gypsum remnant;discharging the ammonium sulfate solution containing a first precipitate calcium carbonate and a gypsum remnant;resuming the flow of reactants into the first reactor;separating the first precipitate calcium carbonate and gypsum remnant from the ammonium sulfate solution to result in a product ammonium sulfate solution and a remnant cake of first precipitate calcium carbonate and gypsum;retaining the product ammonium sulfate solution;feeding a flow of reactants being the remnant cake of first precipitate calcium carbonate and gypsum and ammonium carbonate solution into a second reactor for ...

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Номер записи: 85
13-08-2015 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE AND AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM KAINITE MIXED SALT

Номер: US20150225250A1
Автор: Gandhi Maheshkumar Ramniklal, Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Maiti Pratyush
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides an integrated process for the recovery of sulphate of potash (SOP) and ammonium sulphate fertilizers from kainite mixed salt dispensing with magnesium hydroxide production. The process comprises, among other steps, producing calcium chloride from calcium carbonate through addition of hydrochloric acid; the calcium chloride being used for desulphatation of schoenite end liquor (SEL) obtained as liquid stream during decomposition of kainite mixed salt with water to obtain solid schoenite; using the resultant gypsum and carbon dioxide together with ammonia for the production of ammonium sulphate liquor and solid calcium carbonate, the latter being recycled in the process; producing carnallite from desulphated SEL; decomposing the carnallite to recover carnallite decomposed product (CDP) which is further refined under ambient conditions to obtain pure potassium chloride (KCl) utilized in the preparation of SOP from the schoenite. Except for ammonium sulphate recovery in solid state, where required, all operations are carried out at ambient temperature. 1. An integrated process for the production of potassium sulphate and ammonium sulfate from a kainite mixed salt , dispensing with magnesium hydroxide production , the process comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'i. adding hydrochloric acid in calcium carbonate to produce 30-40% w/v concentrated calcium chloride and pressurized carbon dioxide (CO);'}ii. decomposing the kainite mixed salt with water to obtain solid schoenite and schoenite end liquor (SEL) as a liquid stream;iii. desulphatizing the SEL as obtained in step (ii) using the calcium chloride as obtained in step (i) to produce desulphated SEL and gypsum;{'sub': '2', 'iv. subjecting the gypsum as obtained in step (iii) and the pressurized COas released in step (i) together with ammonia for the production of ammonium sulphate liquor and solid calcium carbonate, the latter being recycled in step (i);'}v. producing carnallite from the ...

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Номер записи: 86
03-08-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR DETECTING IMPURITIES IN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

Номер: US20170219538A1
Автор: KIM Kihyun, Kim Sooyeon, Lee Hyang Bong, LIM Kwangshin, PARK JungDae, Suh Min Soo
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method for detecting impurities in ammonium hydroxide. The method for detecting impurities in ammonium hydroxide includes preparing a potassium permanganate solution, preparing ammonium hydroxide, and adding the potassium permanganate solution several times to the ammonium hydroxide so as to detect impurities in the ammonium hydroxide. Potassium permanganate contained in the potassium permanganate solution is added for each time in the range of 0.0001 mol to 0.01 mol per 1 g of ammonia contained in the ammonium hydroxide. 1. A method for detecting impurities in ammonium hydroxide , the method comprising:preparing a potassium permanganate solution;preparing ammonium hydroxide; andadding the potassium permanganate solution at least one time to the ammonium hydroxide so as to detect impurities in the ammonium hydroxide,wherein potassium permanganate contained in the potassium permanganate solution is added at least one time in the range of 0.0001 mol to 0.01 mol per 1 g of ammonia contained in the ammonium hydroxide.2. The method claim 1 , wherein the potassium permanganate solution is added at least one time in the range of 0.0001 mol to 0.0075 mol per 1 g of ammonia contained in the ammonium hydroxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the ammonium hydroxide comprises adjusting the ammonium hydroxide to have a pH in the range of less than 3.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the ammonium hydroxide comprises:measuring a mass of the ammonium hydroxide; andadding the ammonium hydroxide to an acid solvent,wherein measuring the mass of the ammonium hydroxide is conducted while the ammonium hydroxide is added to the acid solvent.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the acid solvent comprises sulfuric acid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the impurities comprise hydrogen peroxide.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising adjusting the liquid chromatography separation system to have a pH in the range of 2 to 11.5.9. The method of claim 7 ...

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Номер записи: 87
11-07-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS TO RECOVER AMMONIUM BICARBONATE FROM WASTEWATER

Номер: US20190210904A1
Автор: ORENTLICHER Morton, Simon Mark M.
Принадлежит: BION ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present invention is a process, a method, and system for recovery and concentration of dissolved ammonium bicarbonate from a wastewater containing ammonia (NH3) using gas separation, condensation, filtration, and crystallization, each at controlled operating temperatures. The present invention includes 1) removal of ammonia from waste (sludges, semi-solids, and solids and liquids) without the use of chemicals at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius, 2) mixing of the gaseous ammonia with carbon dioxide and water vapor and concentrating dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate using reverse osmosis at a temperature of between about 35 and 50 degrees Celsius, and 3) crystallizing concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate at a temperature of less than about 35 degrees Celsius to form solid ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. 123-. (canceled)24. A process to treat wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen comprising:treating the wastewater at a temperature of at least 60 degrees Celsius to create a gas and, without the addition of chemicals that are not inherently present in the wastewater, converting substantially all ammonia in the wastewater to gaseous form in the gas;cooling the gas and mixing the gas containing gaseous ammonia with carbon dioxide and water vapor forming dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate in a liquid condensate, wherein each of the ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor are derived from the wastewater;crystallizing the concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate condensate.25. The process according to claim 24 , further comprising a step of concentrating the dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.26. The process according to claim 25 , wherein the dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate are concentrated to a saturation concentration in the liquid condensate using reverse osmosis operating at a temperature between 35 and 50 ...

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Номер записи: 88
23-10-2014 дата публикации

NUTRIENT RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20140314657A1
Автор: Chen Shulin, Dvorak Stephen W., Frear Craig, VanLoo Bryan J., Zhao Quanbao
Принадлежит:

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for anaerobic digestion of waste fibrous material and the recovery of nutrients are provided. Methods, systems, and apparatuses disclosed herein provide mechanisms to release dissolved gases from anaerobic digester effluent. Methods, systems and apparatuses disclosed herein can recover one or more nutrients from anaerobic digested effluent using a range of temperatures, aeration rates, aeration times, pH ranges, and settling times. 1. A method for recovering a nutrient comprising:(a) heating and aerating anaerobic digester effluent in an aeration reactor to convert soluble ammonium to gaseous ammonia;(b) providing gaseous ammonia from the aeration reactor to a stripping tower, said stripping tower providing controlled amounts of acid that reacts with gaseous ammonia; and(c) recovering an ammonium salt produced from reacting the acid with gaseous ammonia in the stripping tower.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the anaerobic digester effluent comprises using a heat exchanger with the exhaust from a biogas engine gen set as the heated air stream.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the anaerobic digester effluent comprises heating the effluent to a temperature from about 140° F. to about 170° F.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein aerating the anaerobic digester effluent is accomplished using micro-aerators that aerate the effluent at a rate from 5 gallons/cfm to 25 gallons/cfm.5. The method of further comprising pumping the anaerobic digester effluent from the aeration reactor to a solids settling system after providing the gaseous ammonia to the stripping tower.6. The method of further comprising collecting phosphorous-rich solids from the solids settling system.7. The method of claim 5 , further comprising digesting waste fibrous material in an anaerobic digester prior to step (a).8. The method of further comprising pumping the effluent from the solids settling system to a vessel and reacting biogas from the digester ...

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Номер записи: 89
30-10-2014 дата публикации

METHOD OF PROCESSING DISCHARGE GAS DISCHARGED FROM PRODUCTION PROCESS OF GALLIUM NITRIDE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR

Номер: US20140322124A1
Автор: AKIYAMA Toshio, IWAKI Masanori, IZAKI Kansei, MIYANO Yasusada
Принадлежит: Japan Pionics Co., Ltd.

The present invention provides a method of processing discharge gas containing ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, and an organic metal compound discharged from the production process of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor. The discharge gas is brought into contact with a cleaning agent prepared by impregnating an alkali metal compound with a metal oxide to remove the organic metal compound from the discharge gas. The discharge gas from which an organic metal compound is removed is brought into contact with an ammonia decomposition catalyst on heating to decompose the ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen. The discharge gas in which ammonia is decomposed is brought into contact with palladium alloy membrane on heating to recover hydrogen that has penetrated through the palladium alloy membrane. After an organic metal compound is removed to liquefy the ammonia contained in the discharge gas as described above, a pressurization process and a cooling process is conducted by a heat pump to pressurize and cool the discharge gas from which an organic metal compound is removed to liquefy the ammonia contained in the discharge gas and separate the liquefied ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen so as to recover the liquefied ammonia. The recovered hydrogen and ammonia are supplied to and reused in the production process of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor. 1. A method of recovering hydrogen comprising:a removal step of bringing discharge gas containing ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, and an organic metal compound discharged from the production process of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor into contact with a cleaning agent prepared by impregnating an alkali metal compound with a metal oxide to remove the organic metal compound from the discharge gas;an ammonia decomposition step of bringing the discharge gas from which an organic metal compound is removed after the removal step into contact with an ammonia decomposition catalyst on heating to decompose the ammonia into ...

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Номер записи: 90
16-08-2018 дата публикации

A PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM AMMONIUM SULFATE COMPOUND FERTILIZER IN COST-EFFECTIVE MANNER DIRECTLY FROM CONCENTRATED SEA BITTERN

Номер: US20180230065A1
Автор: GHARA Krishna Kanta, Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Maiti Pratyush
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides process for production of potassium ammonium sulfate compound fertilizer through the reaction of Epsom salt, obtained in course of chilling of concentrated sea bittern (32-33° Be), with potassium bitartrate, precipitated from such bittern, and ammonium hydroxide. While process integration was achieved through utilisation of Epsom salt; partial desulphatation of bittern, through crystallization of Epsom salt, resulted in about 17% improvement in K precipitation efficiency. 1. An integrated process for production of potassium ammonium sulphate compound fertilizer , by recovering potassium from sea bittern , through the reaction of Epsom salt , obtained in course of chilling of concentrated sea bittern (32-33° Be) , with potassium bitartrate , precipitated from such bittern , and ammonium hydroxide and the said process comprising the steps of:i. concentrating sea bittern to 32 to 33° Be;ii. adding 5 to 10% water into the concentrated sea bittern followed by chilling at a temperature range of 0° C.-7° C. for recovery of Epsom salt and partially desulphated bittern;iii. reacting the partially de-sulphated bittern with magnesium tartrate and sulphuric acid to obtain potassium bitartrate and K-depleted bittern;{'sub': 4', '4, 'iv. reacting potassium bi-tartrate with Epsom salt as obtained in step (ii) and ammonia solution to produce K(NH)SOsolution and to precipitate magnesium tartrate;'}{'sub': 4', '4', '4', '4, 'v. treating the K(NH)SOsolution obtained in step (iv) with calcium carbonate or calcium oxide and sulphuric acid, to obtain solid calcium tartrate and K(NH)SOsolution;'}{'sub': 4', '4', '4', '4, 'sup': '2+', 'vi. treating the K(NH)SOsolution obtained in step (v) with ammonia and carbon dioxide, to precipitate residual Mg as magnesium carbonate and generate nearly pure K(NH)SOsolution;'}vii. mixing the K-depleted bittern obtained in step (iii) with water/seawater and reacting the dilute bittern with calcium carbonate or calcium oxide ...

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Номер записи: 91
24-08-2017 дата публикации

PLANT AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE

Номер: US20170240478A1
Автор: MASSAI Alessandro
Принадлежит: MASSAI GIORDANO S.R.L.

A plant () for treating poultry manure comprises:—an apparatus for the first treatment () of the poultry manure, configured to carry out dilution, homogenization and hot, damp alkaline hydrolysis of the diluted poultry manure and to supply at exit a stream of inert materials () and a stream of hydrolyzed poultry manure (); —a second treatment unit () configured to carry out a flocculation of the stream of hydrolyzed poultry manure () and to supply a hydrolyzed and flocculated stream of poultry manure ();—a solid-liquid separation unit () configured to separate the stream of hydrolyzed and flocculated poultry manure () into a solid fraction () suitable for anaerobic digestion and a liquid fraction ();—a liquid post-treatment unit () of the liquid fraction () supplied by the solid-liquid separation unit () configured to recover water (), ammonium sulfate () and salts () from the liquid fraction (). 135-. (canceled)36. Method for treating poultry manure , comprising:a first treatment for the dilution of the poultry manure and homogenization and hot, damp alkaline hydrolysis of the diluted poultry manure by means of an alkaline hydrolysis agent to supply at exit a stream of inert materials and stream of hydrolyzed poultry manure;a second treatment to carry out a flocculation of the stream of hydrolyzed poultry manure and to supply a stream of hydrolyzed and flocculated poultry manure;a solid-liquid separation to separate the stream of hydrolyzed and flocculated poultry manure in a solid fraction suitable for anaerobic digestion and a liquid fraction;a liquid post-treatment of the liquid fraction to recover water, ammonium sulfate and salts from the liquid fraction.37. Method as in claim 36 , wherein the homogenization in the first treatment obtains a percentage of dry substance between 9% and 12% claim 36 , and keeps a pH around neutral after the addition of a hot claim 36 , damp alkaline hydrolysis agent.38. Method as in claim 36 , wherein the homogenization in the ...

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Номер записи: 92
23-07-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR RECYCLING SUPERCRITICAL WASTE LIQUID GENERATED DURING PROCESS OF PRODUCING SILICA AEROGEL BLANKET

Номер: US20200231453A1
Автор: Kim Mi Ri, Lee Je Kyun, OH Kyoung Shil, OH Myung Eun
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method for recycling supercritical waste liquid and a method for producing a silica aerogel blanket capable of reducing the production costs and preventing the deterioration in thermal insulation performance of a silica aerogel blanket, the method including adding sulfuric acid to supercritical waste liquid to remove ammonium ions in the form of ammonium sulfate salt, the ammonium ions which are present in the supercritical waste liquid, and reusing supercritical waste liquid from which the ammonium ions are removed. 1. A method for recycling supercritical waste liquid , comprising:adding sulfuric acid to a supercritical waste liquid generated in a supercritical drying step during a process of producing a silica aerogel blanket.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supercritical waste liquid comprises water claim 1 , an organic solvent claim 1 , and ammonium ions (NH).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic solvent is one or more selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , hexane claim 2 , and pentane.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfuric acid is added such that the pH of the supercritical waste liquid is 2.5 to 9.0.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfuric acid is added such that the pH of the supercritical waste liquid is 3.0 to 5.0.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising precipitating and removing an insoluble salt produced by adding the sulfuric acid.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the insoluble salt is ammonium sulfate.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:performing centrifugation on the supercritical waste liquid after adding the sulfuric acid; andcollecting a supernatant liquid after the centrifugation as a recycled supercritical waste liquid.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the centrifugation is performed at a rate of 2000 to 3500 rpm for 10 to 30 minutes.10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising claim 8 , before the centrifugation claim 8 , stirring the ...

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Номер записи: 93
30-08-2018 дата публикации

UREA-AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILISER

Номер: US20180244588A1
Автор: Allais Cyrille Paul, GARCIA MARTINEZ Rafael Alberto
Принадлежит:

A fertiliser comprising both sulphur and a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water is disclosed. Processes for making such a fertiliser are also disclosed. 1. A fertiliser wherein elemental sulphur particles are dispersed within a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water , and which comprises urea in an amount in the range of from 26 to 34 wt %; ammonium nitrate in an amount of from 34 to 45 wt %; and elemental sulphur in an amount in the range of from 1 to 15 wt %.2. A fertiliser according to claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulphur particles have an average particle size in the range of from 5 to 20 microns.3. A process for preparing a fertiliser according to claim 1 , comprising steps of:(a) wet milling solid or liquid elemental sulphur, wherein the wet milling optionally takes place in the presence of an aqueous solution comprising urea and/or ammonium nitrate, to provide a dispersion; and(b) optionally adding urea and/or ammonium nitrate to the dispersion;{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}], 'wherein one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate and water are added together or independently in either or both of steps (a) and (b), such that at the end of step (b) a fertiliser according to or has been prepared.'}4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the wet milling takes place in a dispersion mill having a rotor that turns within a slotted stator.5. A process for preparing a fertiliser according to claim 1 , comprising steps of:(i) preparing a dispersion of elemental sulphur particles in urea, and(ii) mixing the dispersion of elemental sulphur particles in urea with an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate and/or nitric acid, and optionally with ammonia.6. A process according to claim 5 , wherein in step (i) the dispersion of elemental sulphur particles in urea is prepared by a process wherein a stream of liquid urea is mixed with a stream of liquid elemental sulphur to form an emulsion comprising ...

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Номер записи: 94
30-07-2020 дата публикации

Solubility Enhancing Composition

Номер: US20200239324A1
Автор: Creasey David H., IV Samuel Horace, McCall
Принадлежит:

A solubility enhancing aqueous composition comprising a first solution comprising an anionic component comprising sulfate ions, alone or in combination with bisulfate ions, having a concentration from about 8.00 moles per liter to about 13.00 moles per liter of the first solution volume, and a cationic comprising ammonium ions having a concentration from about 1.45 moles per liter to about 2.01 moles per liter of the first solution volume, combined with a volume of water at least equal to the volume or weight of the first solution forming a second solution is provided. Variations of this general composition are also provided. The compositions are useful for enhancing solubility of a variety of molecules, typically metal ions. 1. A solubility enhancing aqueous composition comprising a first solution comprising an anionic component consisting essentially of sulfate ions , alone or in combination with bisulfate ions , having a concentration from about 8.00 moles per liter to about 13.00 moles per liter of the first solution volume , and a cationic component consisting essentially of ammonium ions having a concentration from about 1.45 moles per liter to about 2.01 moles per liter of the first solution volume , combined with a volume of water at least equal to the volume of the first solution forming a second solution.2. A composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises in the first solution hydrogen ions in a concentration from about 17.38 to about 21.68 moles per liter of the total volume of the second solution.3. A composition of claim 1 , wherein said second solution is substantially free of solids.4. A composition of claim 1 , wherein said second solution is free of solids.5. A solubility enhancing aqueous composition comprising a first solution comprising an anionic component comprising sulfate ions claim 1 , alone or in combination with bisulfate ions claim 1 , having a concentration from about 8.00 moles per liter to about 13.00 moles per ...

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Номер записи: 95
30-07-2020 дата публикации

Systems and Methods to Treat Flue Gas Desulfurization Waste to Produce Ammonium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Products

Номер: US20200239325A1
Автор: Papouchado Lucien, Preston Joseph, Scheetz Barry E.
Принадлежит: ELIXSYS INC.

Disclosed herein are system and methods for producing a high purity ammonium sulfate product as well as either a lower or a high purity calcium carbonate product by reacting flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum feedstock in batch or continuous mode using synthesized ammonium carbonate from ammonia and carbon dioxide gases. The high purity calcium carbonate is obtained by using a precipitation catalyst, filtering out the impurities, then precipitating a high purity calcium carbonate. Alternatively, the lower purity calcium carbonate may be dissolved in acid, impurities filtered out, then a high purity calcium carbonate is precipitated out using a soluble carbonate salt. 1. A processing system , comprising:a mixer for mixing ammonia gas, carbon dioxide, and flowing water resulting in an ammonium carbonate reagent solution;one or more reactors, wherein the one or more reactors comprises at least a first reactor, for reacting calcium sulfate with the ammonium carbonate reagent solution to form a reacted slurry;a filter for separating calcium carbonate from the reacted slurry resulting in a filtrate of ammonium sulfate liquor and a calcium carbonate residue;a dryer for drying the calcium carbonate residue to produce a calcium carbonate product;an evaporator followed by a crystallizer for forming ammonium sulfate crystals from the filtrate resulting in the ammonium sulfate crystals and processed liquor;a centrifuge for separating the processed liquor from the ammonium sulfate crystals resulting in separated ammonium sulfate crystals and saturated ammonium sulfate liquor, wherein the saturated ammonium sulfate liquor is recycled to the evaporator and evaporator condensate is recycled to the first reactor; anda dryer for drying the separated ammonium sulfate crystals resulting in ammonium sulfate product.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia gas is injected into the mixer one of before and after the carbon dioxide.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein mixer is one of ...

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Номер записи: 96
27-11-2014 дата публикации

WET LIMESTONE FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SLURRY STABILIZER AND METHOD FOR USING THE SAME

Номер: US20140346398A1
Автор: Deng Yongqiang, Mao Rongjun, Mei Chongmin, Tian Xu, Wu Fayuan, Xu Rui
Принадлежит: STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINA

A wet limestone flue gas desulfurization slurry stabilizer and a method for using the same are disclosed. The stabilizer consists of lime, sodium formate and an antifoaming agent, the components and mass percentages thereof are as follows: lime, 30% to 70%, sodium formate, 15% to 40%, the antifoaming agent, 15% to 40%. The method for using the desulfurization slurry stabilizer comprises: preparing the slurry stabilizer into a homogeneous liquid having a mass concentration of 10% to 30% with water or desulfurization slurry outside a desulfurization tower, and spraying the homogeneous liquid into the absorption area and the reaction area of the desulfurization tower using a pump and a slurry atomizing and spraying device. 1. A wet limestone flue gas desulfurization slurry stabilizer consisting of lime , sodium formate and an antifoaming agent , the components and mass percentages thereof are as follows: the mass percentage of lime is 30% to 70% , the mass percentage of sodium formate is 15% to 40% and the mass percentage of the antifoaming agent is 15% to 40%.2. The wet limestone flue gas desulfurization slurry stabilizer according to claim 1 , wherein the lime is quicklime or slaked lime.3. The wet limestone flue gas desulfurization slurry stabilizer according to claim 1 , wherein the antifoaming agent is an silicone-polyether solid complex prepared by mixing 30% of polydimethyl siloxane fluid claim 1 , 10% of polyether claim 1 , 30% of sodium carbonate and 30% of sodium silicate and drying and crushing the mixture.4. A method for using a wet limestone flue gas desulfurization slurry stabilizer claim 1 , comprising: preparing the slurry stabilizer into a homogeneous liquid having a mass concentration of 10% to 30% with water or desulfurization slurry outside a desulfurization tower claim 1 , and pumping the homogeneous liquid into the inlet of a slurry circulating pump and feeding the homogeneous liquid into an absorption area and a reaction area in sequence by using ...

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Номер записи: 97
15-08-2019 дата публикации

STABILIZED LIQUID AMMONIA FERTILIZER FROM ANIMAL WASTE

Номер: US20190248711A1
Автор: Burchard Lloyd Patrick, Hazen Daniel T., Love William P., Martin John S.
Принадлежит:

A liquid fertilizer is produced from off-gassed ammonia resulting from the processing of animal waste materials, particular animal manure. The vaporized ammonia is generated primarily by heating the animal waste materials and capturing the resulting vapors and particulate materials. The ammonia vapors and particles are removed from the gas stream through a scrubbing operation, which creates an ammonium-enriched liquid stream that can be concentrated into an organic fertilizer having a high-nitrogen content. 1. A method of processing manure comprising water and ammonia into a liquid fertilizer composition comprising the steps of:heating the manure to vaporize at least a portion of the water and ammonia contained therein;contacting the vaporized water and ammonia with fine carbonaceous particles and a liquid water stream and dispersing the ammonia and carbonaceous particles within the liquid water stream to form a nitrogen-rich liquid; andremoving water from the nitrogen-rich liquid to form the liquid fertilizer composition.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises the step of removing at least a portion of the carbonaceous particles from the nitrogen-rich liquid.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of removing at least a portion of the carbonaceous particles from the nitrogen-rich liquid comprises one or more centrifugation or filtration steps.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the portion of the carbonaceous particles removed from the nitrogen-rich liquid are recombined with the manure.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of removing at least a portion of the carbonaceous particles comprises forming a liquid fertilizer composition that comprises less than 15 claim 2 ,000 ppm of suspended solids.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of heating the manure comprises heating the manure to a temperature from about 100° F. to about 450° F.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating step is carried out using a rotating drum ...

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Номер записи: 98
13-09-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR 5 CAPTURING GASEOUS AMMONIA

Номер: US20180257028A1
Автор: Andrews Dirk, Gorzen Daniel F., Kirk Randol E.
Принадлежит:

A method and system for collecting gaseous nitrogen compounds into an aqueous solution are provided. The method enables the combination of gaseous sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the aqueous solution to generate ammonium compound components, to include ammonium sulfate. Sulfur may be pressure injected into the solution as gaseous sulfur dioxide. Optionally, carbon may be introduced into the solution as gaseous carbon dioxide. The sulfur may be earlier sourced by a burning of a sulfurous solid. The pH of the solution may be monitored and the introduction of ammonia, carbon and/or sulfur may be halted or constrained while the pH of the solution is measured outside of specified range. The solution may be allowed to age to permit a mix of compounds of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate to restabilize and thereby encourage a renewed surge of ammonium sulfate generation. 1. A method comprising:a. forming a volume of fluid water;b. burning sulfur in the presence of oxygen to form sulfur dioxide;c. exposing the volume of fluid water to the sulfur dioxide, whereby the volume of fluid water is transformed into an aqueous solution having a pH below 5;d. exposing the aqueous solution to an atmospheric gas volume comprising gaseous ammonia; ande. removing a component of the aqueous solution from the aqueous solution, the component comprising nitrogen compounds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component comprises ammonium sulfate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component is removed from the aqueous solution in a solution comprising a portion of the aqueous solution.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:f. continuing to expose the aqueous solution to the sulfur dioxide until a pH measurement of the aqueous solution of approximately four is generated; andg. halting the exposure of the sulfur dioxide until a pH measurement of the aqueous solution of approximately five is generated; andh. resuming exposure of the aqueous solution to ...

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Номер записи: 99
01-10-2015 дата публикации

METHODS FOR TREATING BIOREACTOR WASTEWATER STREAMS

Номер: US20150274541A1
Автор: Bisson Thomas Karl, Jeppson Samuel S., Simon Mark Matthew
Принадлежит: ThermoEnergy Corporation

Methods and systems for treating bioreactor wastewater streams are provided. In some embodiments, the methods and systems involve producing a composition, for example in the form of a solution, comprising ammonia or ammonium from the bioreactor wastewater stream. In some cases, the bioreactor is an anaerobic digester. 1. A method for producing a composition comprising ammonia and/or ammonium from a bioreactor wastewater stream , comprising:providing an acid-treated wastewater steam from a bioreactor, wherein the acid-treated bioreactor wastewater stream comprises ammonia and/or ammonium at a first concentration, to an evaporation system wherein a portion of the acid-treated bioreactor wastewater stream is vaporized and a bottoms liquid is formed comprising a de-watered, more concentrated solution of the ammonia and/or ammonium, the bottoms liquid having a second concentration of ammonia and/or ammonium which is greater than the first concentration; andcollecting the bottoms liquid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein bioreactor wastewater stream is an anaerobic digester wastewater stream.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising following providing the acid-treated anaerobic digester wastewater to the evaporation system claim 2 , degasifying the acid-treated anaerobic digester wastewater stream prior to and/or intermittently during the vaporization.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the degasifying removes a gas formed by the conversion of ammonia to ammonium.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the conversion comprises reaction of ammonia with an acid to produce ammonium claim 4 , wherein the acid is added following providing the acid-treated anaerobic digester wastewater to the evaporation system.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the gas is carbon dioxide.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the degasifying comprises agitating claim 3 , heating claim 3 , adding a defoamer claim 3 , and/or applying a vacuum to the acid-treated anaerobic digester wastewater stream.8. ...

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Номер записи: 100