Magnesium oxide powder having excellent dispersibility and method for producing the same

A magnesium oxide powder having excellent dispersibility and a small average particle diameter as well as a uniform particle diameter and containing no very small size particles is obtained. A magnesium oxide powder which is particles, wherein the magnesium oxide powder has a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more, a cumulative 50% particle diameter (D 50 ) obtained in the measurement of laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution of 0.3 to 1.5 μm, a ratio of a cumulative 90% particle diameter (D 90 ) to a cumulative 10% particle diameter (D 10 ) (D 90 /D 10 ) obtained in the measurement of laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution of 5 or less, and a D 10 of 0.1 μm or more.

Polyhalite IMI Process For KNO3 Production

A process for producing KNO3 from polyhalite to is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises steps of (a) contacting polyhalite with HNO3; (b) adding Ca(OH)2 to the solution, thereby precipitating as CaSO4 at least part of the sulfate present in said solution; (c) precipitating as Mg(OH)2 at least part of the Mg2+ remaining in said solution by further addition of Ca(OH)2 to the remaining solution; (d) concentrating the solution, thereby precipitating as a sulfate compound at least part of the sulfate remaining in solution; (e) separating at least part of the NaCl from the solution remaining; and (f) crystallizing as solid KNO3 at least part of the K+ and NO3-contained in the solution. The process enables direct conversion of polyhalite to KNO3 of purity exceeding 98.5% and that is essentially free of magnesium and sulfate impurities.

Precipitated magnesium carbonate

The present invention relates to a process for preparing hydromagnesite in an aqueous environment. The invention further relates to such hydromagnesite having a specific platy-like morphology in combination with a specific average particle size and to their use as minerals, fillers and pigments in the paper, paint, rubber and plastics industries and to the use as flame-retardant.

High-Temperature Treatment of Hydrous Minerals

Increasing the activity of a hydrous magnesium silicate with respect to sequestration of carbon dioxide by mineral carbonation includes rapid heating of the hydrous magnesium silicate. Rapid heating of the hydrous magnesium silicate includes heating a quantity of particles of hydrous magnesium silicate with flame conditions to substantially dehydroxylate the particles. The dehydroxylated particles can be contacted with carbon dioxide in a sequestration process to form magnesium carbonate.

Directly compressible magnesium hydroxide carbonate

The present invention relates to a directly compressible magnesium hydroxide carbonate and to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof.

Process for preparing high-purity magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide

A process for preparing magnesium compounds by precipitation, in which an aqueous solution or suspension of a magnesium compound is mixed with a precipitant and the corresponding magnesium compound is precipitated wherein the aqueous solution or suspension of a magnesium compound is obtained by reaction of an organomagnesium compound with an aldehyde or a ketone or another electrophile and subsequent aqueous workup of the reaction mixture at a pH of at most 10 or from a magnesium salt with a maximum calcium content and/or potassium content of 200 ppm, based on the magnesium salt used.

Production of magnesium metal

A process of producing magnesium metal includes providing magnesium carbonate, and reacting the magnesium carbonate to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The carbon dioxide is used as a reactant in a second process. In another embodiment of the process, a magnesium silicate is reacted with a caustic material to produce magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is reacted with a source of carbon dioxide to produce magnesium carbonate. The magnesium carbonate is reacted to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The invention also relates to the magnesium metal produced by the processes described herein.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ISOLATABLE OXIDE MICROPARTICLES OR HYDROXIDE MICROPARTICLES

A method for producing isolatable oxide microparticles or hydroxide microparticles using an apparatus that processes a fluid between processing surfaces of processing members that are arranged opposite each other so as to be able to approach to or separate from each other and such that at least one can rotate relative to the other. At least two fluids are mixed and oxide microparticles or hydroxide microparticles are separated, said two fluids including: a fluid containing a microparticle raw material solution comprising a microparticle raw material mixed into a solvent, and a fluid containing a microparticle-separation solution. Immediately thereafter, the following are mixed to obtain isolatable oxide microparticles or hydroxide microparticles: a fluid containing the separated oxide microparticles or hydroxide microparticles; and a fluid containing a microparticle-treatment-substance-containing solution that contains a microparticle-treatment substance that adjusts the dispersibility of the separated oxide microparticles or hydroxide microparticles. 1. A method for producing isolatable oxide microparticles or hydroxide microparticles , whereineach of (I) a microparticle raw material solution which is obtained by mixing at least one microparticle raw material with a solvent, (II) a microparticle-separating solution, and (III) a microparticle-treating substance solution which is obtained by mixing at least one microparticle-treating substance with a solvent is prepared, wherein the method comprises:(IV) a step of separating oxide microparticles or hydroxide microparticles, whereinat least two fluids to be processed are used:out of them, at least one fluid is the fluid which contains the microparticle raw material solution and at least one fluid other than the microparticle raw material solution is the fluid which contains the microparticle-separating solution, whereinthe fluid which contains the microparticle raw material solution is mixed with the fluid which ...

POLYMER TEMPLATED NANOWIRE CATALYSTS

Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are prepared by polymer templated methods and are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to ethane and/or ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 1. A method for preparing a nanowire comprising a metal oxide , a metal oxy-hydroxide , a metal oxycarbonate or a metal carbonate , the method comprising:a) providing a solution comprising a plurality of polymer templates;{'sub': m', 'n', 'p, '(b) introducing at least one metal ion and at least one anion to the solution under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow for nucleation and growth of a nanowire comprising a plurality of metal salts (MXZ) on the template; and'}{'sub': m', 'n', 'p', 'x', 'y', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'x', 'y', '3', 'z', 'x', '3', 'y, '(c) optionally converting the nanowire (MXZ) to a metal oxide nanowire comprising a plurality of metal oxides (MO), metal oxy-hydroxides (MOOH), metal oxycarbonates (MO(CO)), metal carbonate (M(CO)) or combinations thereof'}wherein:M is, at each occurrence, independently a metal element from any of Groups 1 through 7, lanthanides or actinides;X is, at each occurrence, independently hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, hydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, sulfate, nitrate or oxalate;Z is O;n, m, x and y are each independently a number from 1 to 100; andp is a number from 0 to 100.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer template comprises PVP (polyvinlpyrrolidone) claim 1 , PVA (polyvinylalcohol) claim 1 , PEI (polyethyleneimine) claim 1 , PEG (polyethyleneglycol) claim 1 , polyethers claim 1 , polyesters claim 1 , polyamides claim 1 , dextran claim 1 , sugar polymers claim 1 , functionalized hydrocarbon polymers claim 1 , functionalized polystyrene claim 1 , polylactic acid claim 1 , polycaprolactone claim 1 , polyglycolic acid claim 1 , poly(ethylene glycol)-polypropylene glycol)- ...

ELUENT SOLUTION

The present invention provides a novel method for the preparation of F-fluoride (F) for use in radiofluorination reactions. The method of the invention finds use especially in the preparation of F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. The method of the invention is particularly advantageous where bulk solutions are prepared and stored in prefilled vials rather than being freshly prepared on the day of synthesis. Also provided by the present invention is a radiofluorination reaction which comprises the method of the invention, as well as a cassette for use in carrying out the method of the invention and/or the radiofluorination method of the invention on an automated radiosynthesis apparatus. 1) A method for preparation of Ffor use in a radiofluorination reaction wherein said method comprises:{'sup': 18', '−, '(i) trapping an aqueous solution of Fonto an anion exchange column; and,'}{'sup': 18', '−', '18', '−, '(ii) passing an eluent solution through said anion exchange column on which said Fis adsorbed to obtain an Feluent, wherein said eluent solution comprises a cationic counterion in a suitable solvent wherein said suitable solvent comprises an alkanol with the proviso that said eluent solution does not comprise acetonitrile.'}2) (canceled)3) The method as defined in wherein said anion exchange column is a quaternary methylammonium (QMA) column.4) The method as defined in wherein said cationic counterion is a metal complex of a cryptand.5) The method as defined in wherein said metal of said metal complex of a cryptand is potassium.6) The method as defined in wherein said cryptand of said metal complex of a cryptand is Krytofix 222 (K222).7) (canceled)8) The method as defined in wherein said suitable solvent is an aqueous solution of an alkanol.9) The method as defined in wherein said alkanol is methanol.10) The method as defined in which comprises a further step:{'sup': 18', '−, '(iii) drying said Feluted from said column in step (ii).'}11) The ...

PRECIPITATED MAGNESIUM CARBONATE

The present invention relates to a process for preparing hydromagnesite in an aqueous environment. The invention further relates to such hydromagnesite having a specific platy-like morphology in combination with a specific average particle size and to their use as minerals, fillers and pigments in the paper, paint, rubber and plastics industries and to the use as flame-retardant. 1. A hydromagnesite composition obtained by the process comprising the steps of:a) providing at least one magnesium oxide source;{'sub': '2', 'b) providing gaseous COand/or carbonate-comprising anions;'}c) slaking of said magnesium oxide source of step a) to convert the magnesium oxide at least partially into magnesium hydroxide;{'sub': '2', 'd) contacting the obtained magnesium hydroxide of step c) with said gaseous COand/or carbonate-comprising anions of step b) to convert the magnesium hydroxide at least partially into precipitated nesquehonite; and'}e) treating the obtained precipitated nesquehonite of step d) in a heat-aging step, wherein the precipitated nesquehonite obtained in step d) is ground prior to the heat-aging step of step e).2. The hydromagnesite composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnesium oxide source is selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide claim 1 , magnesite claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , huntite claim 1 , magnesium carbonate claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , brucite and mixtures thereof.3. The hydromagnesite composition according to claim 1 , herein the gaseous COcomes from an external COsupply or from the recirculation of COor both.4. The hydromagnesite composition according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonate-comprising anions are selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , sodium hydrogen carbonate claim 1 , potassium hydrogen carbonate or mixtures thereof.5. The hydromagnesite composition according to claim 1 , wherein the starting temperature of step d) is adjusted to a ...

HEAT CONDUCTIVITY IMPROVING AGENT

A heat conductivity improving agent which can provide high heat conductivity to a resin. 1. A heat conductivity improving agent comprising a magnesium hydroxide particle having a thickness of 10 nm to 0.2 μm and an aspect ratio (long diameter/thickness) measured by a SEM method of not less than 10.2. The heat conductivity improving agent according to claim 1 , wherein the aspect ratio of the magnesium hydroxide particle is not less than 15.3. The heat conductivity improving agent according to claim 1 , wherein the BET specific surface area of the magnesium hydroxide particle is 10 to 30 m/g.4. The heat conductivity improving agent according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium hydroxide particle has a CaO content of not more than 0.01 wt % claim 1 , a Cl content of not more than 0.05 wt % claim 1 , a Na content of not more than 0.01 wt % claim 1 , a total content of an iron compound claim 1 , manganese compound claim 1 , cobalt compound claim 1 , chromium compound claim 1 , copper compound claim 1 , vanadium compound and nickel compound of not more than 0.02 wt % in terms of metals claim 1 , and a Mg(OH)content of not less than 99.5 wt %.5. The heat conductivity improving agent according to which is surface treated with at least one surface treating agent selected from the group consisting of higher fatty acids claim 1 , anionic surfactants claim 1 , phosphoric acid esters claim 1 , coupling agents claim 1 , esters of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid and silicone oil.6. The heat conductivity improving agent according to which has a coating layer made of an oxide or hydroxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , zinc and boron.7. The heat conductivity improving agent according to which has a coating layer made of silicon oxide or hydroxide formed by making silicic acid or a soluble salt thereof act thereon.8. The heat conductivity improving agent according to claim ...

FLUORIDE SINTERED BODY FOR NEUTRON MODERATOR AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

A fluoride sintered body suitable for a moderator which moderates high-energy neutrons so as to generate neutrons for medical care with which an affected part of the deep part of the body is irradiated to make a tumor extinct comprises MgFof a compact polycrystalline structure having a bulk density of 2.90 g/cmor more and as regards mechanical strengths, a bending strength of 10 MPa or more and a Vickers hardness of 71 or more. 1. A fluoride sintered body for a neutron moderator , comprising MgFof a compact polycrystalline structure having a bulk density of 2.90 g/cmor more.2. The fluoride sintered body for a neutron moderator according to claim 1 , having a bending strength of 10 MPa or more and a Vickers hardness of 71 or more as regards mechanical strengths.3. A method for producing a fluoride sintered body for a neutron moderator claim 1 , the fluoride sintered body comprising a MgFsintered body according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'pulverizing a high-purity MgFraw material and mixing the same with 0.1-1% by weight of a sintering aid added;'}molding the same at a molding pressure of 5 MPa or more using a uniaxial press device;molding the same at a molding pressure of 5 MPa or more using a cold isostatic pressing (CIP) device;conducting preliminary sintering in the temperature range of 550° C.-600° C. for 4-10 hours in an air atmosphere:heating in the temperature range of 750° C.-840° C. for 5-12 hours in an inert gas atmosphere; and{'sub': '2', 'conducting main sintering by heating in the temperature range of 900° C.-1100° C. for 0.5-3 hours in the same atmosphere as the preceding step so as to form a MgFsintered body having a compact structure.'}4. The method for producing a fluoride sintered body for a neutron moderator according to claim 3 ,wherein the inert gas atmosphere in the main sintering step comprises one kind of gas or a mixture of plural kinds of gases, selected from among nitrogen, helium, argon and neon. The present ...

A PROCESS FOR TREATING A SULFUROUS FLUID TO FORM GYPSUM AND MAGNESIUM CARBONATE

A process for treating a sulfurous fluid to form gypsum and magnesium carbonate, whereby the sulfurous fluid is scrubbed with a sequestrating agent to yield a scrubbed fluid, gypsum and magnesium sulfate. The flue gas desulfurized gypsum is isolated from the magnesium sulfate solution by filtration or centrifugation. The magnesium sulfate is reacted with a carbonate salt to produce a magnesium carbonate whereby the reaction conditions are controlled to control the properties of the magnesium carbonate produced. 1. A process for treating a sulfurous fluid to form gypsum and magnesium carbonate , comprising:contacting the sulfurous fluid with a sequestrating agent to yield a scrubbed fluid, gypsum and magnesium sulfate; andreacting a carbonate salt with the magnesium sulfate to produce a magnesium carbonate.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the gypsum from the magnesium sulfate to form a gypsum product.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the separating is by filtration or centrifugation.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the moisture content of the gypsum product after separating does not exceed 10%.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the gypsum product comprises at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of a carbonate claim 2 , a sulfate claim 2 , an iron mineral claim 2 , and an organic species.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sequestrating agent is a calcium-containing carbonate mineral.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the calcium-containing carbonate material is dolomite or dolomitic limestone.8. The process of claim 6 , wherein the calcium-containing carbonate mineral has an average particle size ranging from 50 μm to 100 μm.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sulfurous fluid is a flue gas with a temperature ranging from 350° C. to 1200° C.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the contacting removes 98 to 99% of sulfur from the sulfurous fluid.11. The process of claim 1 , further ...

Sustainable Supply of Recipe Components for Ceramic Composites Produced by Hydrothermal Liquid Phase Sintering

A method for preparing a ceramic composition while simultaneously reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide from municipal solid waste that would discharge into environment includes decomposing the municipal solid waste to generate a carbon dioxide-water vapor mixture, providing a matrix, the matrix containing a reactant; and contacting the carbon dioxide-water vapor mixture with the matrix to promote a reaction between the carbon dioxide of the carbon dioxide-water vapor mixture and the reactant of the matrix. The reaction forms a product, thereby producing the ceramic composition. 1. A method for preparing a ceramic composition while simultaneously reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide from municipal solid waste that would discharge into environment comprising:(a) decomposing the municipal solid waste to generate a gas-water vapor mixture comprising carbon dioxide;(b) providing a matrix comprising a reactant; and(c) contacting said carbon dioxide with said matrix to promote a reaction between said carbon dioxide and said reactant of the matrix.2. The method of further comprising:prior to step (c), contacting said gas-water vapor mixture with a gas absorber to form a carbon dioxide-gas absorber mixture comprising said carbon dioxide.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the gas absorber comprises a nitrogen-containing compound.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of ammonia claim 3 , alkanolamines claim 3 , polyamines of a mixed or single type claim 3 , cyclic and aromatic amines claim 3 , aminoacids claim 3 , sterically free and hindered amines claim 3 , monoethanolamine (MEA) claim 3 , diethanolamine (DEA) claim 3 , ethyldiethanolamine claim 3 , methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) claim 3 , 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) claim 3 , 3-piperidino-1 claim 3 ,2-propanediol claim 3 , 3-quinuclidinol claim 3 , 2-piperidineethanol claim 3 , 2-piperidinemethanol claim 3 , N claim 3 ,N-dimethylethanolamine claim ...

MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE FINE PARTICLES

Magnesium hydroxide fine particles having a nano-order particle size, a low carbon content, high whiteness and high transparency and a production process therefor. 1. Magnesium hydroxide fine particles having an average secondary particle diameter measured by frequency analysis of 1 to 100 nm and a carbon content of less than 0.9 wt %.2. The magnesium hydroxide fine particles according to which are surface treated with at least one surface treating agent selected from the group consisting of higher fatty acids claim 1 , titanate coupling agents claim 1 , silane coupling agents claim 1 , aluminate coupling agents claim 1 , phosphoric acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid claim 1 , and anionic surfactants.3. A resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin and 1 to 95 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide fine particles having an average particle diameter measured by frequency analysis of 1 to 100 nm and a carbon content of less than 0.9 wt %.4. The resin composition according to claim 3 , wherein the synthetic resin is a polyolefin or a copolymer thereof.5. A molded article formed from the resin composition of .6. The molded article according to which is an electric wire or a cable.7. A process for producing the magnesium hydroxide fine particles of claim 1 , comprising reacting a magnesium salt aqueous solution with an alkali substance raw material in a forced thin-film type micro-reactor having a reactive site clearance of 1 to 30 μm.812. The production process according to claim 7 , wherein the forced thin-film type micro-reactor has a reactive site formed by a first processing surface () and a second processing surface () which are opposed to each other claim 7 , turn relative to each other claim 7 , can approach or part from each other relatively claim 7 , and produces force in a direction that the two processing surfaces part from each other by the supply pressure of the raw materials and applies force for moving the two ...

Novel amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients comprising substantially amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate

The present invention is directed to a solid and substantially amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient, to an oral pharmaceutical formulation comprising said substantially amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient, as well as to a method for the manufacture of the same. The invention is also directed to a particulate anhydrous and substantially amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC), to a method for the manufacture thereof, and the use of said particulate anhydrous and substantially amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) to stabilize an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).

DEHYDROXYLATION OF MAGNESIUM SILICATE MINERALS FOR CARBONATION

This application provides a process for mineral carbonation, which process comprises the steps of: providing a bed of hydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral particles in a heating vessel; agitating the bed of particles under conditions of a sub-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of at least 600° C. to produce particles of dehydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral; and reacting the dehydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral with carbon dioxide, carbonate ions and/or bicarbonate ions to form magnesium carbonate. 1. A process for mineral carbonation , which process comprises the steps of:providing a bed of hydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral particles in a heating vessel;agitating the bed of particles under conditions of a sub-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of at least 600° C. to produce particles of dehydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral; andreacting the dehydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral with carbon dioxide, carbonate ions and/or bicarbonate ions to form magnesium carbonate.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral comprises serpentine.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the hydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral comprises lizardite claim 2 , antigorite or chrysotile claim 2 , or mixtures of one or more thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral has a volume weighted average particle size of up to 5 mm.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the heating vessel is in the range 600-680° C.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mineral particles are heated in the heating vessel for a period of 10 to 180 minutes.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mineral particles are preheated before heating to produce particles of dehydroxylated magnesium silicate mineral.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the mineral particles are preheated to a temperature of 200 to 600° C.9. The ...

BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE SLAG TREATMENT METHOD

A basic oxygen furnace slag treatment method includes the steps of mixing basic oxygen furnace slag with an active aqueous solution and then keeping the mixture thus obtained under an enclosed environment for reaction and then employing a solid-liquid separation procedure to separate solid phase from liquid phase. Since basic oxygen furnace slag has strong alkaline, the method of the invention overcomes the problem that directly discharging basic oxygen furnace slag will cause environmental pollutions. The basic oxygen furnace slag treatment method avoids a secondary pollution, and can turn waste into treasure, bringing a number of economic benefits. 1. A basic oxygen furnace slag treatment method , comprising the steps of:i) mixing basic oxygen furnace slag with one of active aqueous solution A and active aqueous solution B uniformly to form a mixture;ii) keeping the mixture thus obtained under an enclosed environment for reaction for 0.2-5 hours; andiii) employing a solid-liquid separation procedure to said mixture to separate solid phase from liquid phase;wherein said active aqueous solution A has a pH value of 1-2, and is obtained by treating carbonic acid aqueous solution aqueous solution through an electrocatalytic water equipment; said active aqueous solution B has a pH value of 5-7, and is obtained by treating carbonic acid aqueous solution through said electrocatalytic water equipment; the mass ratio between said basic oxygen furnace slag and said active aqueous solution A/said active aqueous solution B is 1:(0.5-10).2. The basic oxygen furnace slag treatment method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio between said basic oxygen furnace slag and said active aqueous solution A/said active aqueous solution B is preferably 1:(2-5); the pH value of said active aqueous solution A is preferably 1.5; said carbonic acid aqueous solution aqueous solution is prepared by diluting carbonic acid aqueous solution; the concentration of said carbonic acid aqueous ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CARBONATE

Methods are disclosed for manufacturing magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate, specifically manufacturing refined carbonates such as magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) through processes including electrolysis, carbon dioxide injection, and calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) injection in seawater. 1. A method for manufacturing carbonate , comprising:adding calcium oxide (CaO) to sea water solution to produce magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2;performing a first separation of the sea water solution to a supernatant portion, and a lower portion liquid, wherein the lower portion liquid comprises magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2);producing magnesium carbonate by adding carbon dioxide (CO2) in the lower portion liquid;electrolyzing the sodium chloride (NaCl) contained in the supernatant portion to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen chloride (HCl);adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) obtained from the electrolyzing step into the supernatant portion to produce calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2);performing a second separation of the supernatant portion to an upper portion liquid and a second lower portion liquid, the second lower portion liquid comprising calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2); andadding carbon dioxide (CO2) in the second lower portion liquid in S6 to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3).2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising electrolyzing sodium chloride (NaCl) contained in the upper portion liquid to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen chloride (HCl).3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising adding carbon dioxide (CO2) in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) obtained from the upper portion liquid to produce sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising extracting sodium chloride (NaCl) from the upper portion liquid.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the extracting of sodium chloride is performed by reverse osmosis.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the extracting of sodium chloride is performed by ion ...

FACILE, LOW-ENERGY ROUTES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDRATED CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALTS FROM ALKALINE INDUSTRIAL WASTES

Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt. 1. A method comprising:extracting divalent ions from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution;subjecting the divalent ion-containing solution to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution; andinducing precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solids include at least one of (a) slags or (b) fly ashes.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein extracting the divalent ions from the solids includes exposing the solids to a leaching solution.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the leaching solution includes a leaching agent.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the leaching solution includes an acid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein extracting the divalent ions from the solids includes pulverizing the solids claim 1 , and exposing the pulverized solids to a leaching solution.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the divalent ion-containing solution to concentration is performed using capacitive concentration.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein subjecting the divalent ion-containing solution to capacitive concentration includes disposing the divalent ion-containing solution between a pair of electrodes claim 7 , and applying an electrical input to the electrodes.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein subjecting the divalent ion-containing solution to capacitive concentration includes passing the divalent ion-containing solution through a series of n ...

CARBON DIOXIDE CHEMICAL SEQUESTRATION FROM INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS BY CARBONATION

Processes, methods, system and uses in relation to chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide containing gas by carbonation of an alkaline earth metal containing material. The carbon dioxide containing gas is contacted with an aqueous slurry in a carbonation unit for carbonation of at least a portion of the alkaline earth metal to produce a carbon dioxide depleted gas and a carbonate loaded slurry which is substantially exempt of precipitated alkaline earth. metal carbonates, The carbonate loaded slurry is then separated into an aqueous phase and a solid phase; and the aqueous phase is supplied to a precipitation unit for precipitating alkaline earth metal carbonates. The carbonation stage may be performed at a carbonation temperature between about 10° C. and about 40° C. and a carbonation pressure between about 1 bar and about 20 bars. The solid phase may be recycled to the carbonation stage. 153-. (canceled)54. A process for sequestering carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide containing gas , the process comprising:contacting the carbon dioxide containing gas with an aqueous slurry comprising an alkaline earth metal containing material in a carbonation unit for carbonation of at least a portion of an alkaline earth metal to produce a carbon dioxide depleted gas and a carbonate loaded slurry comprising precipitable carbonates and substantially exempt of precipitated alkaline earth metal carbonates;removing the carbonate loaded slurry from the carbonation unit and separating the carbonate loaded slurry into an aqueous phase comprising the precipitable carbonates and a solid phase; andsupplying the aqueous phase to a precipitation unit and precipitating alkaline earth metal carbonates in the precipitation unit to produce a precipitation slurry.55. The process of claim 54 , wherein the aqueous phase comprises the recipitable carbonates and is substantially exempt of precipitated alkaline earth metal carbonates.56. The process of claim 54 , further ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF ACTIVATION OF MINERAL SILICATE MINERALS

A method for activation of magnesium silicate minerals by conversion to magnesium hydroxide for sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO) is provided. The method includes heating a dry solid-solid mixture of an alkaline earth Silicate-based material with an alkali metal compound at a temperature below 300 C to form a solid product predominantly comprising a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and alkali metal silicate, wherein the Silicate-based material comprises a naturally occurring Olivine, Serpentine mineral and alkali metal silicate. The method includes a subsequent dissolution of the solid product in aqueous solution to form an alkaline aqueous liquid slurry, comprising solid and aqueous phase products and the reaction of the solid phase thus formed with Carbon Dioxide (CO), producing a metal Carbonate. The method provides a process that has shown significant cost and energy efficiencies for producing magnesium hydroxide and COsequestration via mineral carbonation. 113-. (canceled)14. A method for activation of magnesium silicate minerals by conversion to magnesium hydroxide , comprising:a. mixing a dry powder of magnesium silicate rock with a dry powder of alkali metal hydroxide to form a dry solid-solid mixture with a molar ratio in the range of 1-3 moles of alkali metal per mole of silicon in the mixture;b. heating the dry solid-solid mixture to a temperature below 300 C in an unpressurised vessel for less than 4 hours to form a solid glass product predominantly comprising a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and alkali metal silicate; andc. dissolving the solid glass product in aqueous solution to form an alkaline aqueous liquid slurry, comprising solid and aqueous phase products.15. The method as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising reacting the aqueous solution phase products at atmospheric pressure with a gas comprising 0.04%-100% CO.16. The method as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising separating the alkaline_aqueous liquid slurry into solid and aqueous ...

CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE FROM MATERIALS INCLUDING MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE

A process for the chemical conversion of contaminated magnesium hydroxide to high purity solutions of magnesium bicarbonate include steps of providing an impure reagent including at least 40% and less than 95% by total weight of total metals of magnesium in a form of solid magnesium hydroxide and at least 10% by weight of total metals of calcium carbonate, combining the impure reagent containing the solid magnesium hydroxide with carbonic acid in water, thereby generating magnesium bicarbonate and water and then filtering out solid calcium carbonate leaving a solution of magnesium bicarbonate in water having a by weight ratio of Mg/(Mg+Ca) in the solution of greater than 95%. Heating and/or drying the magnesium bicarbonate solution produces correspondingly high purity magnesium carbonate. 1. A process for the chemical conversion of magnesium hydroxide to magnesium bicarbonate comprising:providing an impure reagent including at least 40% and less than 95% by total weight of total metals of magnesium in a form of solid magnesium hydroxide and at least 10% by weight of total metals of calcium carbonate, combining the impure reagent containing the solid magnesium hydroxide with carbonic acid in water, thereby generating magnesium bicarbonate and water andthen filtering out solid calcium carbonate leaving a solution of magnesium bicarbonate in water having a by weight ratio of Mg/(Mg+Ca) in the solution of greater than 98%.2. The process of wherein the magnesium hydroxide is first formed in the reagent by reaction of magnesium carbonate with an inorganic hydroxide.3. The method of wherein the inorganic hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide claim 2 , lithium hydroxide claim 2 , potassium hydroxide claim 2 , sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.4. The process of wherein the solid magnesium hydroxide comprises tailings from a mining operation.5. The process of wherein the solid magnesium hydroxide is first washed with water to remove ...

PROCESS FOR THE MINERALIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

A process for the mineralization of carbon dioxide to form a magnesium carbonate compound, which process includes contacting the carbon dioxide, in the free form, or in the form of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, with an alkali metal magnesium silicate to produce the magnesium carbonate compound. 1. A process for the mineralization of carbon dioxide to form a magnesium carbonate compound , which comprises contacting the carbon dioxide , in the free form or in the form of an alkali metal bicarbonate or carbonate , with an alkali metal magnesium silicate to produce the magnesium carbonate compound.2. A process according to in which the carbon dioxide is in the free form in a gas comprising carbon dioxide.3. A process according to in which the carbon dioxide is in the form of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate formed by contacting a gas comprising carbon dioxide with an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal carbonate.4. A process according to in which the alkali metal magnesium silicate is prepared by the reaction of an alkali metal carbonate compound claim 1 , which compound is an alkali metal carbonate claim 1 , an alkali metal bicarbonate or a mixture thereof claim 1 , with a magnesium silicate.5. A process according to in which the alkali metal magnesium silicate is prepared by the reaction claim 1 , at a temperature from 500 to 1100° C. claim 1 , of an alkali metal carbonate compound which compound is an alkali metal carbonate claim 1 , an alkali metal bicarbonate or a mixture thereof claim 1 , with a magnesium silicate claim 1 , the molar ratio of alkali metal carbonate compound claim 1 , expressed as alkali metal oxide of the formula R20 claim 1 , in which R represents an alkali metal claim 1 , to magnesium silicate claim 1 , expressed as silicon dioxide of the formula Si02 claim 1 , being from 2:1 to 1:2 claim 1 , which reaction produces an alkali metal magnesium silicate.6. A process according to in which the reaction is effected at a ...

METAL COMPOUNDS MIXED OR SULPHATED, AS PHOSPHATE BINDERS

A mixed metal compound for pharmaceutical use is free from aluminium and has a phosphate binding capacity of at least 30%, by weight of the total weight of phosphate present, over a pH range of from 2-8. The compound is especially useful for treatment of hyperphosphataemia. The metals are preferably iron (III) and at least one of calcium, magnesium, lanthanum and cerium. A metal sulphate for pharmaceutical use is selected from at least one of calcium, lanthanum and cerium sulphate compounds and has a phosphate binding capacity of at least 30% by weight of the total phosphate present, over a pH range from 2-8. 115.-. (canceled)16. An oral pharmaceutical preparation comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable phosphate-binding , mixed metal compound , wherein said compound is free from aluminum and contains iron (III) , and at least one additional metal M selected from the group consisting of magnesium , calcium , lanthanum and cerium.17. The oral pharmaceutical preparation of claim 16 , wherein the ratio M:Fe for the compound is at least 1.7:1.18. The oral pharmaceutical preparation of claim 16 , wherein the ratio M:Fe for the compound is up to 5:1.19. The oral pharmaceutical preparation of claim 16 , wherein the ratio or M:Fe for the compound is 2:1.20. The oral pharmaceutical preparation of claim 16 , wherein the additional metal comprises calcium.21. The oral pharmaceutical preparation of claim 16 , wherein the additional metal comprises magnesium.22. The oral pharmaceutical preparation of claim 16 , wherein the compound additionally contains at least one ion selected from the group consisting of sulphate claim 16 , chloride claim 16 , oxide claim 16 , and mixtures thereof.23. The pharmaceutical oral preparation of claim 16 , wherein the compound contains hydroxyl and/or carbonate ions.24. The pharmaceutical oral preparation of claim 23 , wherein the compound contains hydroxyl and carbonate ions.25. The pharmaceutical oral preparation of claim 16 , wherein the ...

Integrated Process for Mineral Carbonation

The present invention describes an integrated process for carbon dioxide capture, sequestration and utilisation, which comprises: a) providing an aqueous slurry comprising an aqueous solution and a particulate solid comprising an activated magnesium silicate mineral; b) in a dissolution stage, contacting a CO-containing gas stream with the aqueous slurry to dissolve magnesium from the mineral to provide a magnesium ion enriched aqueous solution and a magnesium depleted solid residue; c) recovering at least a portion of the magnesium depleted solid residue; d) in a separate acid treatment stage, reacting the recovered portion of the magnesium depleted solid residue with a solution comprising a mineral acid or acid salt to further dissolve magnesium and other metals and to provide an acid-treated solid residue; e) recovering the acid-treated solid residue; and f) in a separate precipitation stage, precipitating magnesium carbonate from the magnesium ion enriched aqueous solution. 1. An integrated process for carbon dioxide capture , sequestration and utilisation , which comprises:a) providing an aqueous slurry comprising an aqueous solution and a particulate solid comprising an activated magnesium silicate mineral;{'sub': '2', 'b) in a dissolution stage, contacting a CO-containing gas stream with the aqueous slurry to dissolve magnesium from the activated magnesium silicate mineral to provide a magnesium ion enriched aqueous solution and a magnesium depleted solid residue;'}c) recovering at least a portion of the magnesium depleted solid residue;d) in a separate acid treatment stage, reacting the recovered portion of the magnesium depleted solid residue with a solution comprising a mineral acid or acid salt to further dissolve magnesium and other metals and to provide an acid-treated solid residue;e) recovering the acid-treated solid residue; andf) in a separate precipitation stage, precipitating magnesium carbonate from the magnesium ion enriched aqueous solution.2. ...

Method for producing lithium carbonate from low-lithium brine by separating magnesium and enriching lithium

The present invention discloses a method for producing lithium carbonate from a low-lithium brine by separating magnesium and enriching lithium. A salt-lake brine is used as a raw material and is converted into halide salts through dehydration by evaporation and separation by crystallization; the halide salts are directly extracted using trialkyl phosphate or a mixture of trialkyl phosphate and monohydric alcohol, and an organic extraction phase as well as remaining halide salts are obtained after solid-liquid separation; reverse extraction is performed on the organic extraction phase to obtain a lithium-rich solution with a low magnesium-to-lithium ratio, and lithium carbonate is obtained after concentration and removal of magnesium by alkalization. The used solid-liquid extraction method is simple with no co-extraction agent used, and a solute distribution driving force is strong, unaffected by phase equilibrium of the brine extraction agent. The mass ratio of magnesium-to-lithium significantly decreases in the extraction phase.

Protection of optical materials of optical components from radiation degradation

An optical system includes a bulk material including a fluorine (F)-containing optical material. The bulk material is exposed to an environment at a pressure ranging from atmospheric to vacuum when the bulk material is under extreme ultra-violet (EUV), vacuum ultra-violet (VUV), deep ultra-violet (DUV) and/or UV radiation. The environment includes at least one type of gas or vapor. The at least one type of gas or vapor includes polar molecules.

SYSTEM FOR CAPTURING AND RECYCLING CARBON DIOXIDE IN EXHAUST GAS

The present invention provides a system for capturing and recycling carbon dioxide in an exhaust gas, which includes a COcapture unit into which an exhaust gas containing COis input, and which captures the COas a high concentration enriched gas and separates a first treatment gas; a mineralization process unit which mineralizes the COafter receiving the high concentration enriched gas captured in the COcapture unit and discharges a second treatment gas; a mixing tank which receives the first treatment gas and the second treatment gas and mixes them so that the contained COhas a predetermined concentration; a photo-culture process unit which receives the resulting third treatment gas from the mixing tank to perform a photo-culture process using microalgae; and a control unit which controls the flow rates and the COcontents of the gases supplied and discharged to/from the COcapture unit, the mineralization process unit, the mixing tank and the photo-culture process unit. 1. A system for capturing and recycling carbon dioxide in an exhaust gas , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a COcapture unit into which an exhaust gas containing COis input, and which captures the COat a high concentration as an enriched gas and separates a first treatment gas;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'a mineralization process unit which mineralizes the COafter receiving the high concentration enriched gas captured in the COcapture unit and discharges a second treatment gas;'}{'sub': '2', 'a mixing tank which receives the first treatment gas and the second treatment gas and mixes them so that the contained COhas a predetermined concentration;'}a photo-culture process unit which receives the resulting third treatment gas from the mixing tank to perform a photo-culture process using microalgae; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'a control unit which controls the flow rates and the COcontents of the gases supplied and discharged to/from the COcapture unit, the mineralization process unit, the mixing tank and the photo-culture ...

COMPLEXES OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE MICROPARTICLES AND FIBERS AS WELL AS PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THEM

The present invention aims to provide techniques for preparing complexes of magnesium carbonate particles and a fiber. The complexes of magnesium carbonate microparticles and a fiber can be synthesized efficiently by synthesizing the magnesium carbonate in a solution containing the fiber. 1. A process for preparing a complex of magnesium carbonate particles and a fiber , comprising synthesizing the magnesium carbonate in a solution containing the fiber.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate particles have an average particle size of 50 μm or less.3. The process of claim 1 , comprising synthesizing the magnesium carbonate from magnesium hydroxide.4. The process of claim 1 , comprising synthesizing the magnesium carbonate by injecting an aqueous suspension containing magnesium hydroxide into a reaction vessel.5. The process of claim 1 , comprising synthesizing the magnesium carbonate in the presence of cavitation bubbles.6. The process of claim 1 , comprising reacting an aqueous suspension of the starting material and a gas containing carbon dioxide in the presence of cavitation bubbles.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cavitation bubbles are generated by injecting a liquid into a reaction vessel.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is a pulp fiber.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cavitation bubbles are generated by injecting an aqueous suspension containing magnesium hydroxide into a reaction vessel.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction solution circulated from the reaction vessel is used as the aqueous suspension.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate has a primary particle size of 10 nm to 3 μm.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio between the magnesium carbonate and the fiber is 5:95 to 95:5.13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel is a pressure vessel.14. The process of claim 1 , comprising using an aqueous suspension of a premixture of magnesium hydroxide ...

ANHYDROUS, AMORPHOUS AND POROUS MAGNESIUM CARBONATES AND METHODS OF PRODUCTION THEREOF

An X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is disclosed that is characterized by a cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm of at least 0.018 cm/g, and a specific surface areas of at least 60 m/g. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is produced by reacting an inorganic magnesium compound with alcohol in a COatmosphere. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate can be a powder or a pellet and acts as a desiccant in, for example, production of food, chemicals or pharmaceuticals. 1. A mesoporous composite carbonate material comprising:X-ray amorphous and anhydrous magnesium carbonate; anda second component,wherein the second component is a salt, a hydroxide, an oxide, or a combination thereof,{'sup': '3', 'wherein the mesoporous composite material has an incremental pore volume in cm/g that has a maximum value for pores with a diameter of 10 nm or less, and'}wherein the incremental pore volume is measured by nitrogen sorption.2. The mesoporous composite carbonate material according to claim 1 , wherein the second component is calcium carbonate.3. The mesoporous composite carbonate material according to claim 2 , wherein the mesoporous composite carbon material with pores with a diameter of 10 nm or less has a cumulative pore volume of at least 0.2 cm/g claim 2 , and wherein the cumulative pore volume is measured by nitrogen sorption.4. The mesoporous composite carbonate material according to claim 2 , wherein the mesoporous composite carbonate material is characterized by a BET specific surface area obtained from Nsorption isotherms of between 60 m/g and 1500 m/g.5. The mesoporous composite carbonate material according to claim 4 , wherein the BET specific surface area is between 100 m/g and 1500 m/g.6. The mesoporous composite carbonate material according to claim 5 , wherein the BET specific surface area is between 240 m/g and 1500 m/g.7. The mesoporous composite carbonate material according to claim 6 , wherein the BET specific surface area ...

Mineral Carbonation

An integrated process for carbon dioxide capture, sequestration and utilization, includes a) providing an aqueous slurry with a particulate solid including an activated magnesium silicate mineral; b) contacting a CO-containing gas stream with the aqueous slurry to provide a slurry comprising a magnesium ion enriched carbonated aqueous liquid and a magnesium depleted solid residue; c) subjecting at least part of the magnesium depleted solid residue to a particle size classification process that separates the magnesium depleted solid residue into a fine particle size fraction and a coarse particle size fraction; d) subjecting the coarse particle size fraction to a particle size reduction process; e) providing an aqueous slurry comprising particle size reduced fraction from step d) and repeating step b), wherein this step e) does not include using fine particle size fraction from step c); and f) precipitating magnesium carbonate from magnesium ions dissolved in b) and e). 1. An integrated process for carbon dioxide capture , sequestration and utilisation , which comprises:a) providing an aqueous slurry comprising an aqueous liquid and a particulate solid comprising an activated magnesium silicate mineral;{'sub': '2', 'b) in a dissolution stage, contacting a CO-containing gas stream with the aqueous slurry to dissolve magnesium from the mineral to provide a slurry comprising a magnesium ion enriched carbonated aqueous liquid and a magnesium depleted solid residue;'}c) subjecting at least part of the magnesium depleted solid residue from step b) to a particle size classification process that separates the magnesium depleted solid residue into a fine particle size fraction and a coarse particle size fraction;d) subjecting at least part of the coarse particle size fraction from step c) to a particle size reduction process to provide a particle size reduced fraction;e) providing an aqueous slurry comprising particle size reduced fraction from step d) and repeating step b), ...

Continuous Carbon Sequestration Material Production Methods and Systems for Practicing the Same

Methods of producing solid COsequestering carbonate materials are provided. Aspects of the methods include introducing a divalent cation source into a flowing aqueous liquid (e.g., a bicarbonate rich product containing liquid) under conditions sufficient such that a non-slurry solid phase COsequestering carbonate material is produced. Also provided are systems configured for carrying out the methods. 124-. (canceled)25. A continuous reactor configured to produce a solid COsequestering carbonate material , the reactor comprising:a flowing aqueous bicarbonate containing liquid;a divalent cation introducer configured to introduce divalent cations at an introduction location into the flowing aqueous bicarbonate liquid; and{'sub': '2', 'a non-slurry solid phase COsequestering carbonate material production location.'}26. The continuous reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the reactor comprises a flow modulator.27. The continuous reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the reactor comprises a pressure modulator.28. The continuous reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the reactor comprises a temperature modulator.29. The continuous reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the non-slurry solid phase COsequestering carbonate material production location comprises seed structures.30. The continuous reactor according to claim 29 , wherein the seed structures comprise granules.31. The continuous reactor according to claim 29 , wherein the seed structures comprise a carbonate material.32. The continuous reactor according to claim 29 , wherein the seed structures comprise a non-carbonate material.33. The continuous reactor according to claim 29 , wherein the reactor is configured to submerge the seed structures in the liquid.34. The continuous reactor according to claim 29 , wherein the reactor is not configured to submerge the seed structures in the liquid.35. The continuous reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the non-slurry solid phase COsequestering carbonate material ...

MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE PARTICLES, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE PARTICLES, DISPERSION SOLUTION OF MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE PARTICLES, METHOD FOR PRODUCING DISPERSION SOLUTION OF MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE PARTICLES, COMPOSITION FOR FORMING LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX LAYER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITION FOR FORMING A LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX LAYER, SUBSTRATE WITH LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX LAYER, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUBSTRATE WITH LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX LAYER

Magnesium fluoride particles with a low refractive index excellent in film formability are provided. The magnesium fluoride particles each include at least one magnesium fluoride particulate. The at least one magnesium fluoride particulate each has pores that support a supported substance. Further, the at least one magnesium fluoride particulate includes a plurality of particulates. A grain boundary void-like pore serving as a gap that supports the supported substance is present between particulates adjacent to each other of the plurality of particulates. 1. Magnesium fluoride particles each comprising:at least one magnesium fluoride particulate,wherein the at least one magnesium fluoride particulate each has pores that support a supported substance.2. The magnesium fluoride particles of claim 1 , whereinthe at least one magnesium fluoride particulate includes a plurality of particulates, anda grain boundary void-like pore serving as a gap that supports the supported substance is present between particulates adjacent to each other of the plurality of particulates.3. The magnesium fluoride particles of claim 1 , whereinthe pores support the supported substance, andthe supported substance is a material used in a process of generating the at least one magnesium fluoride particulate.4. The magnesium fluoride particles of claim 1 , whereinthe pores support the supported substance, andthe supported substance has a refractive index lower than the at least one magnesium fluoride particulate.5. The magnesium fluoride particles of claim 1 , whereinthe supported substance is at least one of a gas containing an inert gas and a liquid containing an organic solution.6. The magnesium fluoride particles of claim 1 , whereinthe pores each are at least one of an intra-particulate open pore present in a state opened at the surface of the magnesium fluoride particulate and an intra-particulate closed pore present in a state occluded from the surface of the magnesium fluoride ...

CARBON DIOXIDE CHEMICAL SEQUESTRATION FROM INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS BY CARBONATION

Techniques are described for chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide and production of precipitated magnesium carbonate. The process can include contacting carbon dioxide from industrial emissions with water and magnesium-containing particulate material, such as serpentinite, which is thermally pre-treated and has a particle size of at most 75 microns. The process can also include separation of the loaded aqueous stream from the solids, followed by precipitation of magnesium carbonate material that includes carbon and oxygen from industrial emissions and magnesium from serpentinite or chrysotile mining residue, for example. 153.-. (canceled)54. A process for sequestering carbon dioxide and producing magnesium carbonate , the process comprising:thermally pre-treating a magnesium-containing particulate material where 90% of the solid particles have a particle size equal to or less than about 75 μm, for dehydroxylation thereof, to produce a pre-treated magnesium-containing particulate material;contacting the pre-treated magnesium-containing particulate material with water and a carbon dioxide containing gas, to form a loaded slurry and a carbon dioxide depleted gas;separating the loaded slurry from the carbon dioxide depleted gas;separating the loaded slurry into at least a loaded aqueous stream and a solids-enriched stream;subjecting the loaded aqueous stream to precipitation to form a precipitation slurry comprising magnesium carbonate precipitates; andsubjecting the precipitation slurry to separation to produce a precipitated magnesium carbonate material and a precipitate depleted stream.55. The process of claim 54 , wherein the loaded slurry has mass concentration between 25 g/L and 300 g/L in grams of total solids per liter of the loaded slurry.56. The process of claim 54 , further comprising drying the precipitated magnesium carbonate material to form a dried product.57. The process of claim 54 , further comprising recycling at least a portion of the precipitate ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH GRADE HYDROMAGNESITE AND MAGNESIUM OXIDE

The present invention provides a process for producing high purity hydromagnesite from a source of magnesium chloride. The process involves preparation of a magnesium chloride brine of a specific concentration, which is ammoniated at a specific temperature range, followed by carbonation, while maintaining the reaction at a specific temperature range to form a hydromagnesite precipitate. The product can be calcined to generate high purity magnesium oxide compounds. 1. A method of preparing hydromagnesite from a source of magnesium chloride , comprising:a) preparing a feedstock brine solution from said source of magnesium chloride, wherein said feedstock brine solution comprises magnesium chloride and calcium chloride;b) mixing a sulfate salt into said feedstock brine solution to convert said calcium chloride into a calcium sulfate precipitate;c) removing said calcium sulfate precipitate from said feedstock brine solution;d) ammoniating said feedstock brine solution produced in step c) at a temperature range of about 20° C. to about 60° C. to convert magnesium chloride at least partially into magnesium hydroxide and to form ammonium chloride; ande) carbonating said magnesium hydroxide while maintaining the reaction temperature at about 20° C. to about 120° C. to form a hydromagnesite precipitate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock brine solution has a specific gravity from about 1.2 to about 1.35.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock brine solution contains from about 20% to about 35% by weight magnesium chloride in water.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a magnesium chloride concentration of said brine solution to be in a range of about 10% to about 20% by weight magnesium chloride in water claim 1 , after removing calcium sulfate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said carbonation is carried out in multiple steps.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sulfate salt is magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH GRADE HYDROMAGNESITE AND MAGNESIUM OXIDE

The present invention provides a process for producing high purity hydromagnesite from a source of magnesium chloride. The process involves preparation of a magnesium chloride brine of a specific concentration and reacting with sodium carbonate, while maintaining the reaction at a specific temperature range to form a hydromagnesite precipitate. The product can be calcined to generate high purity magnesium oxide compounds. 1. A method of preparing hydromagnesite from a source of magnesium chloride , comprising:a) preparing a feedstock brine solution from said source of magnesium chloride, wherein said feedstock brine solution comprises magnesium chloride and calcium chloride;b) mixing a sulfate salt into said feedstock brine solution to convert said calcium chloride into a calcium sulfate precipitate;c) removing said calcium sulfate precipitate from said feedstock brine solution; andd) mixing said brine solution produced in step c) with sodium carbonate, while maintaining the temperature at about 20° C. to about 120° C. to form a hydromagnesite precipitate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock brine solution has a specific gravity from about 1.2 to about 1.35.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock brine solution contains from about 20% to about 35% by weight magnesium chloride in water.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a magnesium chloride concentration of said brine solution to be in a range of about 10% to about 20% by weight magnesium chloride in water claim 1 , after removing calcium sulfate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sodium carbonate is added as a solution of about 5% to about 15% by weight in water.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sulfate salt is magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate and is provided as a solid or a concentrated solution in water.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mixing of said sulfate salt is carried out at a temperature of about 50° C. to about 100° C.8. The method of claim 1 ...

APPLICATION OF LACTAM AS SOLVENT IN NANOMATERIAL PREPARATION

The present invention disclosed use of lactam as a solvent in the preparation of nanomaterials by precipitation method, sol-gel method or high temperature pyrolysis. These methods are able to recycle lactam solvent, which meet requirements of environmental protection. 1. A method of synthesizing nanomaterials comprising the step of:providing lactam as a solvent in a method for synthesizing nanomaterials.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lactam is one or more of substances selected cyclic amide or a cyclic amide derivative.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the cyclic amide derivatives are selected from N-methylvalerolactam claim 2 , N-methylcaprolactam claim 2 , N-vinylcaprolactam and N-methoxycaprolactam.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterials refer to substances containing inorganic particles with 1 nm Подробнее

GETTER MATERIAL COMPRISING INTRINSIC COMPOSITE NANOPARTICLES AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION THEREOF

The present invention relates to a getter material and a production method thereof. The method enables control of a sol-gel process so that a nanoparticle getter material with intrinsic nanoparticles in a size range from 10 nm to 1 μm can be produced with accurate size control. The intrinsic nanoparticles of the getter material are composites of magnesium oxide and amorphous magnesium carbonate, substances that have properties that are highly interesting for getter applications. The composition ratio of magnesium oxide to magnesium carbonate may preferably be in the range from 5:95 to 50:50. 1. A getter material suitable for incorporation in transparent layers , thin films or printed layers , the getter material characterized by intrinsic composite nanoparticles comprising one or more cores of crystalline magnesium oxide surrounded by amorphous magnesium carbonate , wherein 90% of the intrinsic composite nanoparticles is in a size range from 10 nm to 1 μm.2. The getter material according to claim 1 , wherein 90% of the intrinsic composite nanoparticles is in a size range from 10 nm to 200 nm claim 1 , and preferably from 10 nm to 50 nm.3. The getter material according to or claim 1 , wherein the composition ratio of magnesium oxide to magnesium carbonate of the getter material within the intrinsic composite particles claim 1 , is in the range from 5:95 to 50:50 claim 1 , as determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.4. The getter material according to any of or claim 1 , wherein the transmittance claim 1 , T claim 1 , for a suspension of the intrinsic composite nanoparticles in the visible region of 400-800 nm is claim 1 , T>60% at a concentration of 600 mg/1 claim 1 , T>70% at 400 mg/l and T>80% at 200 mg/l.5. The getter material according to any of or claim 1 , wherein the getter material further comprises a nano-sized particles of second type of getter material.6. The getter material according to claim 5 , wherein the getter material further comprises a ...

A method for efficiently separating magnesium and lithium from salt lake brine and simultaneously preparing high-purity magnesium oxide and battery-grade lithium carbonate

This invention provides a method for efficiently separating magnesium and lithium from salt lake brine, and simultaneously preparing high-purity magnesium oxide and battery-grade lithium carbonate. The detailed processing steps are as follows: (1) adding urea into the brine to dissolve, (2) placing the solution into the reactor for hydrothermal reaction, the magnesium ion will precipitate and enter the solid phase; (3) filtering and drying the production to get the magnesium carbonate solid, while the lithium ion remains in the liquid phase; (4) after directly concentration and precipitation, the battery-grade lithium carbonate can be obtained, while the calcination of solid-phase product results in the high-purity magnesium oxide. In this method, urea is used as the precipitant to separate magnesium and lithium in salt lake without introducing any new metal ion, and the brine solution is not diluted. The solid product is white and fluffy powder, which is easy to filter and separate. The extraction rate of lithium is high than 94%, and the purity of MgO obtained by calcination is higher than 99.5%.

MAGNESIUM OXIDE FOR ANNEALING SEPARATORS, AND GRAIN-ORIENTED MAGNETIC STEEL SHEET

An object of the present invention is to provide magnesium oxide for an annealing separator which is useful for obtaining grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheets with excellent magnetic properties and insulating properties. To resolve the above object, an aspect of the present invention resides in magnesium oxide for an annealing separator which has an adhesion water content and a hydration water content each falling in the quadrilateral region defined by the following points a to d as the vertices in a graph representing the adhesion water content-hydration water content relationship: 1. Magnesium oxide for an annealing separator having an adhesion water content and a hydration water content each falling in the quadrilateral region defined by the following points a to d as the vertices in a graph representing the adhesion water content-hydration water content relationship:a: adhesion water content: 0.25 mass %, hydration water content: 0.1 mass %b: adhesion water content: 0.60 mass %, hydration water content: 0.1 mass %c: adhesion water content: 0.40 mass %, hydration water content: 6.0 mass %d: adhesion water content: 0.20 mass %, hydration water content: 6.0 mass %.2. The magnesium oxide for an annealing separator according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium oxide contains 0.04 to 0.15 mass % boron and has a chlorine content of not more than 0.05 mass %.3. An annealing separator comprising the magnesium oxide for an annealing separator according to .4. A method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet claim 1 , comprising:the step of forming a silicon dioxide film on a steel sheet surface; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'the step of forming a forsterite film on the steel sheet surface by applying the annealing separator according to onto the surface of the silicon dioxide film, and annealing the steel sheet.'}5. An annealing separator comprising the magnesium oxide for an annealing separator according to .6. A ...

HIGHLY POROUS MAGNESIUM CARBONATE AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION THEREOF

The present invention relates to a highly porous magnesium carbonate and method of production thereof. The method according to the invention provides a way to control the average pore size of the highly porous magnesium carbonate by controlling the agglomeration of COin a powder formation step in a sol-gel based production process. The method makes it possible to adapt the average pore size to a second material, for example a pharmaceutical compound, to be loaded into highly porous magnesium carbonate. The highly porous magnesium carbonate according to the invention comprises mesopores with an average size in the range 10-30 nm. 1. A highly porous magnesium carbonate comprising mesopores , characterized in that the average pore size of the mesopores is in the range from 10 nm to 30 nm , and the material has a surface area larger than 120 m/g and a total pore volume larger than 0.5 cm/g , the surface area and the total pore volume determined from nitrogen adsorption isotherms.2. The highly porous magnesium carbonate according to or claim 1 , wherein the surface area is larger than 150 m/g claim 1 , and even more preferably larger than 200 m/g.3. The highly porous magnesium carbonate according to or claim 1 , wherein the average pore size of the mesopores is in the range from 13 nm to 22 nm.4. A combined pharmaceutical compound and drug carrier characterized by the drug carrier being the highly porous magnesium carbonate according to or loaded with the pharmaceutical compound.5. The highly porous magnesium carbonate according to claim 4 , wherein the pharmaceutical compound is poorly soluble or a BSC II class drug.6. The highly porous magnesium carbonate according to claim 5 , wherein the pharmaceutical compound is itraconazole.7. A combined cosmetic compound and carrier characterized by the carrier being the highly porous magnesium carbonate according to or loaded with the cosmetic compound claim 5 ,8. A cosmetic compound comprising the highly porous magnesium ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEMS FOR REGENERATING ALKALI PROCESS STREAMS

Processes for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof. Systems for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 1. A process comprising:oxidizing a metal sulfide in an oxidizer solution;mixing alkali metal- or alkali earth metal-containing compounds with the oxidizer solution and generating an aqueous sulfate;separating solid oxidized ore from the aqueous sulfate;mixing lime with the aqueous sulfate, thereby forming hydroxide and solid sulfate; andseparating the solid sulfate from the hydroxide.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the separated hydroxide with the alkali metal- or alkali earth metal-containing compounds.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein:the alkali metal- or alkali earth metal-containing compound comprises sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, lithium carbonate, lithium bicarbonate, lithium hydroxide, or combinations thereof,the lime comprises quicklime, slaked lime, dolomitic lime, slaked dolomitic lime, or combinations thereof, andthe solid sulfate comprises gypsum.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising controlling the pH of the oxidizer solution with the alkali metal- or alkali earth metal-containing compound.5. (canceled)6. The process of claim 1 , wherein:the oxidizing is conducted under alkaline conditions at a pH greater than about 8, andthe oxidizing is conducted at about ambient temperature to about 90° C.,mixing lime with the aqueous sulfate comprises mixing a lime slurry with the aqueous sulfate,the hydroxide formed by mixing the lime with the aqueous sulfate comprises aqueous sodium hydroxide, aqueous magnesium hydroxide, solid ...

A Method For Producing An Activated Nesquehonite

A method for producing an activated nesquehonite includes activating one or more nesquehonites by heating. The one or more nesquehonites may be formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with aqueous magnesium ions at elevated pH, and may include barringtonite, nesquehonite, dypingite, hydromagnesite, and/or artinite and/or lansfordite. The activated nesquehonite may be useful in a building material, and have advantageous cementitious properties.

MAGNESIUM CARBONATE

Provided is a novel magnesium carbonate. The magnesium carbonate has a zeta potential of 5 mV or more and a BET specific surface area of 25 m/g or more. Such a magnesium carbonate can be used as a resin additive, etc. 1. A magnesium carbonate having a zeta potential of 5 mV or more and a BET specific surface area of 25 m/g or more.2. The magnesium carbonate according to claim 1 , wherein the zeta potential is 6 to 25 mV and the BET specific surface area is 28 m/g or more.3. The magnesium carbonate according to claim 1 , which has a mercury intrusion volume of 1 to 8 cc/g.4. The magnesium carbonate according to claim 1 , which has an average particle size of 1 to 20 μm.5. The magnesium carbonate according to claim 1 , wherein the zeta potential is 7 to 20 mV claim 1 , the BET specific surface area is 30 to 70 m/g claim 1 , the mercury intrusion volume is 1.5 to 5 cc/g claim 1 , and the average particle size is 2 to 15 μm.6. The magnesium carbonate according to claim 1 , which is in the form of aggregates with a card-house structure.7. The magnesium carbonate according to claim 1 , which is a resin additive.8. A composition comprising a resin and the magnesium carbonate according to .9. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the resin comprises a vinyl chloride resin.10. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the resin comprises a rubber.11. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the proportion of the magnesium carbonate is 0.1 part by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the resin. The present invention relates to a novel magnesium carbonate.Magnesium carbonate is widely used in various industrial fields, such as pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, foods and construction materials. Magnesium carbonate used as a filler has also been reported.Patent Literature 1 (JP 2005-272752 A), for example, discloses use of anhydrous magnesium carbonate with a BET specific surface area of 1 to 15 m/g and an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm as a ...

Method of Sequestering Carbon Dioxide

A method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprises reacting the carbon dioxide with aqueous magnesium ions at elevated pH to form magnesium carbonate-containing salts. The carbon dioxide is preferably reacted with alkali to form carbonate and/or bicarbonate anions at elevated pH, and the carbonate and/or bicarbonate anions are subsequently reacted with aqueous magnesium cations to form the magnesium carbonate-containing salts. A preferred alkaline material for use in elevating the pH of the aqueous solution in the present invention is Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), and a preferred source of aqueous magnesium ions is reject water from a desalination plant. 113-. (canceled)14. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide produced by a cement plant which comprises reacting the carbon dioxide with aqueous magnesium ions at an elevated pH , defined as a pH of 8 to 12 , to form magnesium carbonate-containing salts ,wherein the carbon dioxide is reacted with alkali to form carbonate and/or bicarbonate anions at the elevated pH, and the carbonate and/or bicarbonate anions are subsequently reacted with aqueous magnesium cations to form the magnesium carbonate-containing salts, andwherein the cement plant is coupled with a desalination plant in that effluent from the desalination plant is provided to the cement plant.15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the source of aqueous magnesium ions is reject water from the desalination plant.16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the magnesium ions are present in the aqueous solution in an amount of 2-5 g/L.17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the elevated pH is defined as a pH of 10 to 12.18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the elevated pH is defined as a pH of 9 to 11.19. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the carbon dioxide is reacted with the alkali at 1 to 3 equivalent moles of alkali per litre.20. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the equivalent moles of alkali per mole of sequestered ...

Inorganic granulate materials

The present invention relates to a granulated composition, comprising a particulate alkaline metal hydroxide or alkaline metal oxide or mixtures thereof and methods of granulating particulate alkaline metal hydroxides and alkaline metal oxides or mixtures thereof. The invention further concerns the granulated products obtained from the said methods.

Carbon Sequestration Methods and Systems, and Compositions Produced Thereby

Aspects of the invention include methods of removing carbon dioxide (CO) from a COcontaining gas. In some instances, the methods include contacting COcontaining gas with a bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product. Where desired, the resultant bicarbonate rich product or a component thereof may then be stored or further processed, e.g., combined with a divalent alkaline earth metal cation, under conditions sufficient to produce a solid carbonate composition. Aspects of the invention further include systems for practicing the methods, as well as products produced by the methods. 116-. (canceled)17. A method of removing carbon dioxide (CO) from a COcontaining gas , the method comprising:contacting the gas with an aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product;{'sub': 2', '2, 'to remove COfrom the COcontaining gas.'}18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the aqueous medium is a bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium.19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium has a pH ranging from 8 to 10.20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the pCOof the COcontaining gas in contact with bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium is 10Pa or higher.21. The method according claim 17 , wherein the bicarbonate rich product comprises droplets of a liquid condensed phase (LCP) in a bulk liquid.22. The method according claim 21 , wherein the concentration of bicarbonate anions in the LCP droplets is 10 claim 21 ,000 ppm or higher.23. The method according claim 17 , wherein the COcontaining gas is contacted with the aqueous medium in the presence of a catalyst that mediates the conversion of COto bicarbonate.24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the catalyst is an enzyme.25. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the COcontaining gas is contacted with the aqueous medium in the presence of an LCP promoter.26. The method according to claim ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN FLUORIDE

The present invention provides a novel method for producing hydrogen fluoride which can suppress the occurrence of the pasty state over the whole process of producing hydrogen fluoride, reduce the problem of corrosion caused by sulfuric acid, and improve energy efficiency of the process. A method for producing hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid comprises: (a) mixing and reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid such that a mixture comprising calcium fluoride particles and sulfuric acid substantially maintains a form of particulate to obtain hydrogen fluoride while supplying sulfuric acid to the calcium fluoride particles at a flow rate of 0.002 to 1 mol/min relative to 1 mol of calcium fluoride to such an amount that a molar ratio of sulfuric acid/calcium fluoride is 0.9 to 1.1. 1. A method for producing hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid , the method comprising:(a) mixing and reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid such that a mixture comprising calcium fluoride particles and sulfuric acid substantially maintains a form of particulate to obtain hydrogen fluoride while supplying sulfuric acid to the calcium fluoride particles at a flow rate of 0.002 to 1 mol/min relative to 1 mol of calcium fluoride to such an amount that a molar ratio of sulfuric acid/calcium fluoride is 0.9 to 1.1.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing is conducted in the step (a) by use of an apparatus having an attainment degree of mixing of 0.1 or more one minute after a start of the mixing.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (a) is conducted at a temperature of 0 to 500° C.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the calcium fluoride particles have a specific surface area of 0.5 to 30 m/g.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing is continued in the step (a) after finishing the supply of sulfuric acid until the reaction between calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid is completed.6 ...

OPTICAL LENS WITH ANTIREFLECTIVE FILM, PROJECTION LENS, AND PROJECTION LENS OPTICAL SYSTEM

An optical lens with an antireflective film includes: a lens substrate; and an antireflective film disposed on the lens substrate. The antireflective film is formed of layers each having a physical thickness of 140 nm or less. In order from an air side, the antireflective film has: a first layer formed as an MgFlayer, a second layer, a fourth layer, a sixth layer, an eighth layer, and a tenth layer each having a refractive index of 2.0 or more and 2.3 or less, and a third layer, a fifth layer, a seventh layer, and a ninth layer each formed as an SiOlayer. 1. An optical lens with an antireflective film , comprising:a lens substrate; andan antireflective film disposed on the lens substrate, whereinthe antireflective film is formed of layers each having a physical thickness of 140 nm or less, [{'sub': '2', 'a first layer formed as an MgFlayer,'}, 'a second layer, a fourth layer, a sixth layer, an eighth layer, and a tenth layer each having a refractive index of 2.0 or more and 2.3 or less, and', {'sub': '2', 'a third layer, a fifth layer, a seventh layer, and a ninth layer each formed as an SiOlayer, and'}], 'in order from an air side, the antireflective film has{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '0, 'claim-text': [{'br': None, 'i': Q', 'n', '+A', 'A, 'sub': 1', 's, '=0.05×1 (0.79≤1≤0.91);\u2003\u2003Equation (1)'}, {'br': None, 'i': Q', 'n', '+A', 'A, 'sub': 2', 's, '=0.09×2 (1.64≤2≤1.85);\u2003\u2003Equation (2)'}, {'br': None, 'i': Q', '=A', 'A, 'sub': '3', '3 (0.68≤3≤1.02);\u2003\u2003Equation (3)'}, {'br': None, 'i': Q', '=A', 'A, 'sub': '4', '4 (0.02≤4≤0.22);\u2003\u2003Equation (4)'}, {'br': None, 'i': Q', '=A', 'A, 'sub': '5', '5 (0.68≤5≤1.02);\u2003\u2003Equation (5)'}, {'br': None, 'i': Q', 'n', '+A', 'A, 'sub': 6', 's, '=−0.31×6 (1.01≤6≤1.29);\u2003\u2003Equation (6)'}, {'br': None, 'i': Q', '=A', 'A, 'sub': '7', '7 (0.10≤7≤0.35);\u2003\u2003Equation (7)'}, {'br': None, 'i': Q', 'n', '+A', 'A, 'sub': 8', 's, '=0.79×8 (−1.64≤8≤0.01);\ ...

Process For The Conversion Of Lithium Phosphate Into A Low Phosphate Lithium Solution Suitable As Feedstock For The Production Of Saleable Lithium Products And For The Recovery Of Phosphorous For Re-Use In The Production Of Lithium Phosphate

Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems and processes for the conversion of lithium phosphate into a low-phosphate solution containing lithium which may be suitable as feedstock for the production of saleable lithium products. 1. A process for converting lithium phosphate into a low-phosphate solution containing lithium which is suitable as feedstock for the production of saleable lithium products , the process comprising:dissolving the lithium phosphate in acid to form an acidic lithium phosphate bearing solution;treating the acidic lithium phosphate bearing solution with a hydroxide of a phosphate carrier to form a precipitate of phosphate and the phosphate carrier; andseparating the precipitate of phosphate and the phosphate carrier leaving a low-phosphate solution containing lithium.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising: treating the precipitate of phosphate and the phosphate carrier with a hydroxide base to convert the phosphate carrier to a precipitate of hydroxide and the phosphate carrier.3. (canceled)4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the treatment with the hydroxide base is carried out at a temperature higher than ambient temperature.57-. (canceled)8. The process of claim 2 , wherein the treatment with the hydroxide base is carried out at an acidic pH.912-. (canceled)13. The process of claim 2 , wherein the treatment with the hydroxide base is carried out in two stages.14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the first stage and/or the second stage of treatment with the hydroxide base are carried out at a temperature higher than ambient temperature.15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the first stage and/or the second stage of treatment with the hydroxide base are carried out at a temperature about 70° C. to about 200° C.1617-. (canceled)18. The process of claim 13 , wherein the first stage and/or the second stage of treatment with the hydroxide base are carried out at an acidic pH.19. The process of claim 13 , wherein the first ...

HIGHLY REFLECTIVE MICROCRYSTALLINE/AMORPHOUS MATERIALS, AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Compositions comprising highly reflective microcrystalline/amorphous materials are provided. In some instances, the highly reflective materials are microcrystalline or amorphous carbonate materials, which may include calcium and/or magnesium carbonate. In some instances, the materials are COsequestering materials. Also provided are methods of making and using the compositions, e.g., to increase the albedo of a surface, to mitigate urban heat island effects, etc. 1. A method of enhancing the albedo of a surface , the method comprising providing the surface with a carbonate material.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonate material comprises a COsequestering carbonate compound.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the COsequestering carbonate compound is produced from a bicarbonate mediated protocol.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the bicarbonate mediated protocol comprises contacting a COcontaining gas with a bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product and then combining the bicarbonate rich product or a component thereof with a cation source under conditions sufficient to produce a solid carbonate composition.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium ranges from 8 to 10.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium is sea water.7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the pCOof the COcontaining gas in contact with bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium is 10Pa or higher.8. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the bicarbonate rich product comprises droplets of a liquid condensed phase (LCP) in a bulk liquid.9. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the COcontaining gas is contacted with the bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium in the presence of a catalyst that mediates the conversion of COto bicarbonate.10. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the cation source is a source of ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE SOL SOLUTIONS FROM ALKOXIDES COMPRISING ADDITION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby. 1. A magnesium fluoride sol solution , comprising MgFparticles smaller than 20 nm , 15 nm , or 10 nm , in a non-aqueous solvent , wherein the non-aqueous solvent comprises alkoxycarbonic acid.2. A magnesium fluoride sol solution obtained by a method , comprising:a. providing a magnesium alkoxide in a non-aqueous solvent in a first volume andb. adding, in a second volume, 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) to said magnesium alkoxide, whereinc. the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide;{'sub': 2', 'x', 'x-m', 'x', 'x-m, 'sup': +', '2+', '2+', '2+', '2+', '3+', '4+', '4+', '4+', '3+', '5+', '4+, 'wherein the magnesium fluoride sol solution comprises an amount of MgFparticles and an amount of additive particles comprising a general formula MFB, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of: Li, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Al, Si, Zr, Sn, Sb, Sb, and Ti, B is an anionic ligand, x is equal to the oxidation state of the metal M and m is equal to or smaller than the oxidation state of the metal M, wherein in said additive particles MFBa. m is x orb. m is 0 orc. 0 Подробнее

Highly Reflective Microcrystalline/Amorphous Materials, and Methods for Making and Using the Same

Compositions comprising highly reflective microcrystalline/amorphous materials are provided. In some instances, the highly reflective materials are microcrystalline or amorphous carbonate materials, which may include calcium and/or magnesium carbonate. In some instances, the materials are COsequestering materials. Also provided are methods of making and using the compositions, e.g., to increase the albedo of a surface, to mitigate urban heat island effects, etc. 117-. (canceled)18. A method of enhancing the albedo of a surface , the method comprising:associating with the surface an amount of a microcrystalline/amorphous material effective to enhance the albedo of the surface.19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the microcrystalline/amorphous material is a carbonate material.20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the microcrystalline carbonate component comprises at least one of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate.21. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the carbonate material comprises a highly reflective COsequestering material.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the COsequestering material is prepared by:{'sub': '2', 'contacting a COcontaining gas with an aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product; and'}precipitating a carbonate mineral from the bicarbonate rich product.23. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the material has a near infra-red (NIR) reflectance ranging from 50 to 99%.24. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the material has an ultra-violet (UV) reflectance ranging from 50 to 99%.25. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the material has a visible light reflectance ranging from 50 to 99%.26. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the material is associated with the surface by incorporating it into an object having the surface.27. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the material is associated with the surface by applying the material onto the ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HYDRATED MAGNESIUM CARBONATE

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing hydrated magnesium carbonate. Designed to produce high-purity hydrated magnesium carbonate from a solution where calcium ions and magnesium ions coexist, the method can add value to the resources. Compared to conventional techniques, the method can be conducted in a simpler procedure and allows for the production of high purity magnesium oxide (MgO), thus bringing about an economical benefit. 1. A method for manufacturing hydrated magnesium carbonate , comprising:preparing a material solution containing calcium and magnesium, and a carbonate solution;mixing the material solution with the carbonate solution calcium while stirring to produce a first mixed solution, with concomitant precipitation of magnesium carbonate; andmixing a hydroxide solution to the first mixed solution while stirring to give a produce a second mixed solution, with concomitant precipitation of hydrated magnesium carbonate (HMC).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonate solution is used in such an amount that the magnesium of the material solution is mixed at a molar ratio of 1:0.6˜1:1.0 with carbonate ions.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the carbonate solution is a sodium carbonate (NaCO) solution.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydroxide solution is used in such an amount that the magnesium of the material solution is mixed at a molar ratio of 1:0.1˜1:0.3 with hydroxide ions.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hydroxide solution is a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second mixed solution is maintained to have a pH of 8 to 10.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising claim 6 , after the production of the second mixed solution claim 6 ,filtering the second mixed solution to separate the precipitate;washing the precipitate to remove impurities from the precipitate; anddrying the purified precipitate in an oven.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the hydrated magnesium carbonate (HMC) is selected ...

Regeneratable ion exchange material for reducing the amount of co2

The present invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of CO 2 in a carbon dioxide-containing source by using a regeneratable ion exchange material as well as to the use of a regeneratable ion exchange material for reducing the amount of CO 2 from a carbon dioxide-containing source.

REDISPERSIBLE MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE AND A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A redispersible magnesium hydroxide is disclosed. The redispersible magnesium hydroxide comprises of magnesium hydroxide particles coated with at least one capping agent wherein the capping agent having a critical micellar concentration value of not more than 0.15% the redispersible magnesium hydroxide having a size in the range of 5 nm to 500 nm. 1. A redispersible magnesium hydroxide comprising:magnesium hydroxide particles coated with at least one capping agent, the capping agent having a critical micellar concentration value of not more than 0.15%, the redispersible magnesium hydroxide having a size in the range of 5 nm to 500 nm.2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the capping agent has a critical micellar concentration value of not more than 0.05%.3. A redispersible magnesium hydroxide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amount of capping agent ranges from 30% to 60% of the magnesium hydroxide particles.4. A redispersible magnesium hydroxide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the capping agent is selected from an ionic surfactant claim 1 , a non-ionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant.5. A redispersible magnesium hydroxide as claimed in claim 1 , is in powder form and having moisture content about less than 2.0% and preferably less than 0.5%.6. A process for manufacturing redispersable magnesium hydroxide comprising:preparing an aqueous solution of magnesium hydroxide precursor;adding a capping agent to the aqueous solution of magnesium hydroxide precursor to obtain a mixture;adding an aqueous solution of alkali to the mixture to precipitate redispersable magnesium hydroxide;separating and drying the redispersable magnesium hydroxide.7. A process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the capping agent has a critical micellar concentration value of not more than 0.15%.8. A process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the capping agent has a preferred critical micellar concentration value of not more than 0.05%.9. A process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the ...

MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE USED FOR NONAQUEOUS SECONDARY BATTERY SEPARATOR, NONAQUEOUS SECONDARY BATTERY SEPARATOR, AND NONAQUEOUS SECONDARY BATTERY

A magnesium hydroxide satisfies: (A) primary particles with an average width as measured using a SEM method of between 0.1 μm and 0.7 μm inclusive; (B) a degree of monodispersity of 50% or greater wherein degree of monodispersity (%)=(average width of primary particles as measured using the SEM method/average width of secondary particles as measured using a laser diffraction method)×100; (C) a ratio D90/D10 of the volume-based cumulative 90% particle diameter (D90) to the volume-based cumulative 10% particle diameter (D10) as measured using a laser diffraction method of 10 or less; and (D) a lattice strain in the <101> direction as measured using an X-ray diffraction method of 3×10-3 or less. A nonaqueous secondary battery separator using the magnesium hydroxide and a nonaqueous secondary battery using the separator are provided. Improved heat resistance and smoking suppressibility of a nonaqueous secondary battery are disclosed. 1. A magnesium hydroxide for use in a nonaqueous secondary battery separator , the magnesium hydroxide satisfying (A) to (D) below:(A) primary particles having an average width as measured using a SEM method of between 0.1 μm and 0.7 μm inclusive; {'br': None, 'the degree of monodispersity (%)=(average width of primary particles as measured using the SEM method/average width of secondary particles as measured using a laser diffraction method)×100;'}, '(B) a degree of monodispersity of 50% or greater, wherein(C) a ratio D90/D10 of a volume-based cumulative 90% particle diameter (D90) to a volume-based cumulative 10% particle diameter (D10) as measured using a laser diffraction method of 10 or less; and{'sup': '−3', '(D) a lattice strain in the <101> direction as measured using an X-ray diffraction method is 3×10or less.'}2. The magnesium hydroxide according to claim 1 , wherein an average thickness of primary particles as measured using a SEM method is between 20 nm and 100 nm inclusive.3. The magnesium hydroxide according to claim 1 , ...

FLUORESCENT PLATE

Disclosed is a fluorescent plate in which a high reflectance of a reflective layer can be maintained over a long period of time, and occurrence of peeling of the reflective layer can be suppressed. 1. A fluorescent plate including a fluorescent material layer containing a fluorescent material , an oxide layer disposed below the fluorescent material layer , and a reflective layer which is disposed below the oxide layer and is formed of silver , the fluorescent plate comprising:an oxidation-preventive protective layer which is disposed between the oxide layer and the reflective layer and is formed of a translucent material; anda translucent adhesion layer interposed between the oxidation-preventive protective layer and the reflective layer.2. The fluorescent plate according to claim 1 , wherein the translucent material constituting the oxidation-preventive protective layer is formed of any of a fluoride and a nitride.3. The fluorescent plate according to claim 1 , wherein the translucent adhesion layer is formed of at least one of hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide.4. The fluorescent plate according to claim 2 , wherein the translucent adhesion layer is formed of at least one of hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide.5. The fluorescent plate according to claim 1 , wherein the translucent adhesion layer has a thickness of 5 to 10 nm.6. The fluorescent plate according to claim 2 , wherein the translucent adhesion layer has a thickness of 5 to 10 nm.7. The fluorescent plate according to claim 3 , wherein the translucent adhesion layer has a thickness of 5 to 10 nm.8. The fluorescent plate according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide layer is composed of at least any one of an oxide monolayer film formed of alumina and an oxide multilayer film composed of a first constitution layer formed of silicon dioxide and a second constitution layer formed of titania.9. The fluorescent plate according to claim 2 , wherein the oxide layer is composed of at least any one of an oxide monolayer ...

Process for the production of magnesium fluoride sol solutions from alkoxides comprising addition of carbon dioxide

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Process for producing a stabilized magnesium hydroxide slurry

The present disclosure provides stable magnesium hydroxide slurry compositions and methods for producing stable magnesium hydroxide slurry compositions. The stable magnesium hydroxide slurries of the disclosure comprise magnesium hydroxide at about 50 to about 70% solids by weight in the slurry, a viscosity of less than about 1000 centipoise, and a 7-day pour test of 90% or greater.

A METHOD FOR TREATING ALKALINE BRINES

Disclosed herein is a method for treating an alkaline brine. The method comprises adding a source of magnesium ions to the alkaline brine. A resultant magnesium-containing precipitate is separated to produce a spent brine. If the spent brine contains a sufficient amount of carbonate or bicarbonate ions, the spent brine is processed to recover a carbonate product. 1. A method for treating an alkaline brine , whereby a resultant treated alkaline brine has a reduced amount of carbonate or bicarbonate ions , the method comprising:adding a source of magnesium ions to the alkaline brine;separating a resultant magnesium-containing precipitate to produce a spent brine; and, if the spent brine contains a sufficient amount of carbonate or bicarbonate ions:processing the spent brine to recover a carbonate product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein reactions between the source of magnesium ions and the alkaline brine are controlled to favour the formation of a precipitate comprising mainly magnesium carbonate (MgCO3).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein reactions between the source of magnesium ions and the alkaline brine are controlled to favour the formation of a precipitate comprising mainly magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a composition of the magnesium-containing precipitate is controllable by controlling a pH at which the source of magnesium ions are added to the alkaline brine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a composition of the magnesium-containing precipitate is controllable by selecting the source of magnesium ions added to the alkaline brine.6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of magnesium ions is added to the alkaline brine in combination with another reagent.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the other reagent is a source of calcium ions.9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the spent brine to recover a carbonate product comprises:adding a source of a divalent cation to the spent brine, ...

Carbon Dioxide Capture And Conversion Methods And Systems

The present invention provides a method of mineralisation of carbon dioxide. The method comprises forming an alkaline in aqueous solution containing carbonate anions by dissolving the carbon dioxide and an alkali such as ammonia in water. Next, the method comprises mixing the alkaline aqueous solution with a water source (such as a connate/formation brine or produced water or industrial waste waters or re-constituted mineral-bearing waters) containing magnesium and calcium cations. A first product (e.g. PCC) containing calcium cations and carbonate anions is precipitated in a first precipitation step at a first pH (e.g. around pH7.5) and then a second product (e.g. nesquehonite (NQ) a type of PMC) containing magnesium cations and carbonate anions is precipitated in a second precipitation step at a second, higher pH e.g. around pH 9.5.

Processes for preparing inorganic carbonates

The present invention aims to provide techniques for efficiently synthesizing inorganic microparticles. According to the present invention, inorganic carbonate microparticles can be synthesized by generating ultrafine bubbles containing carbonic acid gas by injecting a gas containing carbonic acid gas and a liquid into a reaction vessel through a nozzle to deposit an inorganic carbonate having an average primary particle size of 300 nm or less in the presence of the ultrafine bubbles.

A controlled process for precipitating polymorphs of calcium carbonate

A process for converting gypsum into precipitated calcium carbonate including reacting a mixture comprising gypsum and a seed, a mineral acid, or both with at least one carbonate source, whereby precipitated calcium carbonate is produced in the form of calcite and/or aragonite directly without conversion from a vaterite polymorph. Also, a process for converting gypsum into precipitated calcium carbonate including providing a mixture comprising i) gypsum ii) a seed, a mineral acid, or both iii) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, an organic acid, or an iron material, and reacting the mixture with at least one carbonate source to produce precipitated calcium carbonate in the form of vaterite. The precipitated calcium carbonates having desired and unique composition, polymorph and crystal size characteristics formed by these processes.

PRODUCTION OF LOW CARBON FOOTPRINT MAGNESIA

A process for producing magnesia can include contacting CO2-containing emissions with a magnesium-containing material to produce magnesium carbonate; subjecting the magnesium carbonate to calcination to produce a CO2 by-product and magnesia; and recycling at least a portion of the COby-product for contacting the magnesium-containing material to produce the magnesium carbonate. The magnesium-containing material can include mining residues, such as phyllosilicate or chrysotile mining residue, and the magnesium carbonate produced can include precipitated nesquehonite that is subjected to calcination to produce the magnesia. 1. A process for producing magnesia , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'contacting CO-containing emissions with a magnesium-containing material to produce magnesium carbonate;'}{'sub': '2', 'subjecting the magnesium carbonate to calcination to produce a COby-product and magnesia; and'}{'sub': '2', 'recycling at least a portion of the COby-product for contacting the magnesium-containing material to produce the magnesium carbonate.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting further comprises providing the magnesium-containing material in an aqueous slurry and contacting the CO-contianing emissions and the COby-product with the aqueous slurry.3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising: separating the carbonate loaded slurry into an aqueous phase comprising the precipitable carbonates and a solid phase;', 'precipitating the magnesium carbonate from the aqueous phase; and', 'separating the magnesium carbonate from the aqueous phase., 'in the contacting step, producing a carbonate loaded slurry comprising precipitable carbonates and substantially free of precipitated alkaline earth metal carbonates;'}4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the CO-containing emissions comprise combustion gas from the magnesia production facility which is derived from the calcination step.58.-. (canceled)9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', ' ...

Process for production of magnesium fluoride sol solutions from alkoxides comprising addition of magnesium salts

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of a second magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of magnesium, or of a catalytic amount of a strong, volatile acid; and/or an additive non-magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of lithium, antimony, tin calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, silicium, zirconium, titanium or zinc. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Systems of Producing Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate from the Ca/Mg Containing Solution Leached by a CO2-based Hydrometallurgical Process

The present invention discloses the systems of producing calcium and magnesium carbonate from the Ca/Mg containing solution leached by a CO-based hydrometallurgical process which includes: a precipitation reactor that the Ca/Mg containing leached solution is continuously added and fully mixed with the alkaline reagent at specific mole ratio into the precipitation reactor and the reactor also comprises a CObubbling module where COis captured and recirculated from the thermal decomposition process as needed; a solid-liquid separation unit that the treated slurry is treated by the solid-liquid separation unit to produce precipitated calcium and magnesium carbonate products where the recirculating water is recycled back into the precipitation reactor; a thermal decomposition unit that the calcium and magnesium carbonate products is calcined by the thermal decomposition unit to produce an alkaline reagent and the alkaline reagent is recycled back into the precipitation reactor for the next batch of reaction. 1. A system for producing calcium and magnesium carbonate , wherein the calcium and magnesium carbonate are produced from a Ca/Mg containing solution leached by a CO-based hydrometallurgical process , and the system comprises the following:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a precipitation reactor, wherein the Ca/Mg containing solution is continuously added and fully mixed with an alkaline reagent at a specific volume ratio into the precipitation reactor to form a fully reacted slurry, and the precipitation reactor further comprises a CObubbling module, wherein COis captured and recirculated from a calcination;'}a solid-liquid separation unit, wherein the fully reacted slurry is separated by a solid-liquid separation unit to produce calcium and magnesium carbonate products along with recycled water, wherein the recycled water is circulated back for a preparation of the Ca/Mg containing solution for a next cycle.a thermal decomposition unit, wherein the calcium and magnesium carbonate ...

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR REGENERATING ALKALI PROCESS STREAMS

Processes for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof. Systems for regenerating alkali process streams are disclosed herein, including streams containing sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 149-. (canceled)50. A system for generating an alkali process stream , comprising:a first separator configured to separate a supply stream from one or more supply vessels into at least a first stream comprising hydroxide;a carbonate supply configured to supply carbonates;a mixer downstream of the first separator and the carbonate supply, the mixer configured to receive the carbonates and the hydroxide and provide a mixed solution comprising calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide; anda second separator downstream of the mixer, the second separator configured to (a) remove at least a portion of the calcium carbonate from the mixed solution, (b) recycle at least a portion of the sodium hydroxide to at least one of the one or more supply vessels, or (c) (a) and (b).51. The system of claim 50 , wherein the first separator is configured to separate the supply stream into at least the first stream and a second stream comprising calcium sulfate.52. The system of claim 51 , further comprising a recycle line in fluid communication with the first separator and at least one of the one or more supply vessels claim 51 , wherein at least a portion of the calcium sulfate of the second stream is recycled to the at least one of the one or more supply vessels via the recycle line.53. The system of claim 50 , wherein the second separator is configured to (a) remove at least a portion of the calcium carbonate from the mixed solution claim 50 , and (b) recycle at least a portion of the sodium hydroxide to at least one of the one or more supply vessels.54. The system of claim 50 , wherein the second separator is configured to remove at least a portion of the ...

ANHYDROUS, AMORPHOUS AND POROUS MAGNESIUM CARBONATES AND METHODS OF PRODUCTION THEREOF

An X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is disclosed that is characterized by a cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm of at least 0.018 cm/g, and a specific surface areas of at least 60 m/g. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is produced by reacting an inorganic magnesium compound with alcohol in a COatmosphere. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate can be a powder or a pellet and acts as a desiccant in, for example, production of food, chemicals or pharmaceuticals. 1. A magnesium carbonate , wherein the magnesium carbonate is X-ray amorphous , and wherein the magnesium carbonate is characterized by a cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm of at least 0.018 cm/g.2. The magnesium carbonate of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate is characterized by a BET specific surface area obtained from Nsorption isotherms of between 60 m/g and 1500 m/g.3. The magnesium carbonate of claim 2 , wherein the cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm is between 0.018 cm/g and 3.0 cm/g.4. The magnesium carbonate of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate is characterized by adsorbing more than 0.3 mmol water/g material at an RH of 3% at room temperature.5. A desiccant comprising the magnesium carbonate as in .6. A powder or a pellet or a film comprising the magnesium carbonate as in .7. An additive to a food claim 1 , a chemical claim 1 , a cosmetic or a pharmaceutical comprising the magnesium carbonate as in .8. An excipient in a cosmetic or a pharmaceutical comprising the magnesium carbonate as in .9. A method to produce magnesium carbonate claim 1 , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'reacting MgO with alcohol in a COatmosphere,'}wherein the pressure is above atmospheric pressure, andwherein the temperature is between 40° C. to a boiling temperature of the alcohol.10. (canceled)11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the pressure is 1 to 3 bar above atmospheric pressure.12. The method of claim ...

PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF A SILICATE MINERAL

A process for the treatment of a silicate mineral, includes: preparing a first composition including an alkali metal magnesium orthosilicate and optionally either (i) magnesium oxide or (ii) an alkali metal silicate, by reaction, at a temperature from 500 to 1200° C., of an alkali metal carbonate compound, which compound is an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal bicarbonate or a mixture thereof, with a magnesium silicate, the molar ratio of alkali metal carbonate compound, expressed as alkali metal oxide of the formula RO, in which R represents an alkali metal, to magnesium silicate, expressed as silicon dioxide, of the formula SiO, being from 4:1 to 1:4, and contacting the first composition with water to produce a second composition comprising an amorphous magnesium silicate hydrate (M—S—H). 1. A process for the treatment of a silicate mineral , said process comprising the-steps-of:{'sub': 2', '2, 'preparing a first composition comprising an alkali metal magnesium orthosilicate and optionally either (i) magnesium oxide or (ii) an alkali metal silicate, by reaction, at a temperature from 500 to 1200° C., of an alkali metal carbonate compound, which compound is an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal bicarbonate or a mixture thereof, with a magnesium silicate, the molar ratio of alkali metal carbonate compound, expressed as alkali metal oxide of the formula RO, in which R represents an alkali metal, to magnesium silicate, expressed as silicon dioxide, of the formula SiO, being from 4:1 to 1:4, and'}contacting the first composition with water to produce a second composition comprising an amorphous magnesium silicate hydrate (M—S—H).2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein M—S—H is represented by an oxide formula in the form pMgO.SiO.qHO where p is from 0.5 to 2.0 and q is from 1 to 4.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium silicate is a magnesium silicate in which the molar ratio of magnesium oxide to silica is from 0.5 to 3.4. A process ...

CARBONATION OF METAL SILICATES FOR LONG-TERM CO2 SEQUESTRATION

In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process of sequestering carbon dioxide. The process comprises the steps of: (a) reacting a metal silicate with a caustic alkali-metal hydroxide to produce a hydroxide of the metal formerly contained in the silicate; (b) reacting carbon dioxide with at least one of a caustic alkali-metal hydroxide and an alkali-metal silicate to produce at least one of an alkali-metal carbonate and an alkali-metal bicarbonate; and (c) reacting the metal hydroxide product of step (a) with at least one of the alkali-metal carbonate and the alkali-metal bicarbonate produced in step (b) to produce a carbonate of the metal formerly contained in the metal silicate of step (a). 1. (canceled)2. A process of carbonating a metal silicate comprising:reacting at least the metal silicate and a source of carbon dioxide to produce a carbonate of the metal, wherein the reaction is conducted at a pressure not greater than about 50 bars above the vapor pressure of pure water for temperature of reaction.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the reaction is conducted at a pressure not greater than about 30 bars above the vapor pressure of pure water for the temperature of the reaction. The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725 between the United States Department of Energy and UT-Battelle, LLC.Rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO) in the Earth's atmosphere, caused primarily by combustion of fossil fuels, have prompted concern that temperatures at the Earth's surface will increase sharply during the 20 century. To address this issue, numerous nations are developing plans for lowering COemissions to the atmosphere. The principal approaches under consideration are: improving energy efficiency; making greater use of alternative sources of energy; and developing economical viable technologies for capture, separation, and long-term storage of CO. The latter strategy, known as “COsequestration ...

GETTER COMPOSITION COMPRISING MAGNESIUM OXIDE PARTICLES DOPED WITH ALKALI METAL (As Amended)

The present invention relates to a getter composition comprising magnesium oxide particle doped with alkali metal, a getter layer comprising the same, and an organic electronic device comprising the getter layer. The getter composition comprising magnesium oxide particle doped with alkali metal according to the present invention has remarkably improved hygroscopicity simultaneously with maintaining transparency of the previously used magnesium oxide particles, and thus, is used in a getter layer comprising the same and an organic electronic device comprising the getter layer, thereby effectively protecting water sensitive devices. 1. A getter composition comprising magnesium oxide particles doped with alkali metal.2. The getter composition according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal is Na claim 1 , Li claim 1 , or K.3. The getter composition according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium oxide particles have a diameter of 5 to 50 nm.4. The getter composition according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium oxide particles doped with alkali metal are prepared by a method comprising the step of:1) mixing magnesium oxide and alkali metal salt to prepare a mixture;2) drying the mixture; and3) heat-treating the dried mixture.5. The getter composition according to claim 4 , wherein the alkali metal salt is NaN claim 4 , NaCO claim 4 , NaOH claim 4 , NaCl claim 4 , NaNO claim 4 , NaSO claim 4 , CHCOONa claim 4 , LiN claim 4 , LiCO claim 4 , LiOH claim 4 , LiCl claim 4 , LiNO claim 4 , LiSO claim 4 , CHCOOLi claim 4 , KN claim 4 , KCO claim 4 , KOH claim 4 , KCl claim 4 , KNO claim 4 , KSO claim 4 , or CHCOOK.6. The getter composition according to claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , based on the magnesium oxide claim 4 , 0.1 to 5 wt % of alkali metal salt is mixed.7. The getter composition according to claim 4 , wherein the solvent of the mixture is water claim 4 , etyleneglycol claim 4 , methanol claim 4 , or ethanol.8. The getter composition according to claim 4 , wherein the ...

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVE SHEET FOR COVERING

A pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet for covering according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a non-crosslinked rubber component having a maximum peak of the molecular weight distribution in the range of 50,000 to 3,000,000, an oil component having a maximum peak of the molecular weight distribution in the range of 1,000 to 20,000, and carbon black. The content of the non-crosslinked rubber component is 25% to 65% by mass, the content of the oil component is 35% to 75% by mass, and the content of the carbon black relative to 100 parts by mass of the total of the non-crosslinked rubber component and the oil component is 1 to 40 parts by mass. 1. A pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet for covering comprising:a non-crosslinked rubber component having a maximum peak of the molecular weight distribution in the range of 50,000 to 3,000,000;an oil component having a maximum peak of the molecular weight distribution in the range of 1,000 to 20,000; andcarbon black,wherein the content of the non-crosslinked rubber component is 25% to 65% by mass,the content of the oil component is 35% to 75% by mass, andthe content of the carbon black relative to 100 parts by mass of the total of the non-crosslinked rubber component and the oil component is 1 to 40 parts by mass.2. The pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet for covering according to claim 1 , further comprising an inorganic filler other than the carbon black claim 1 ,wherein the content of the inorganic filler relative to 100 parts by mass of the total of the non-crosslinked rubber component and the oil component is more than 0 parts by mass and 200 parts by mass or less.3. The pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet for covering according to claim 2 , wherein the inorganic filler is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate claim 2 , talc claim 2 , clay claim 2 , aluminum hydroxide claim 2 , and magnesium hydroxide.4. The pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet for covering according to claim 1 , ...

Vacuum heat insulating material

A vacuum heat insulating material including a core material and a sheath for covering the core material, the interior thereof being sealed to maintain a reduced pressure therein, wherein the sheath includes a gas-barrier laminate that has at least a heat-melt-adhesion layer, a vapor-deposited layer and a gas-barrier material, and the gas-barrier material has a gas-barrier layer that includes a polycarboxylic acid type polymer and contains a monovalent metal element in an amount of not more than 1.4% by weight, a polyvalent metal element in an amount of at least not less than 5.0% by weight, and a nitrogen element in an amount of 0.01 to 3.0% by weight per the total weight of nitrogen and carbon. The vacuum heat insulating material has excellent heat insulating capability and gas-barrier property, and sustains excellent heat insulating capability over extended periods of time as well as excellent flexibility and waterproof property.

METHOD OF PRODUCING METAL CARBONATE FROM AN ULTRAMAFIC ROCK MATERIAL

A method of producing a metal carbonate from an ultramafic rock material is provided. The method includes providing an ultramafic rock material comprising a metal silicate; reacting the ultramafic rock material with an acid to form a mixture comprising a salt of the metal; contacting the mixture comprising a salt of the metal with oxygen so as to aerate impurities in the mixture and/or to remove residual acid from the mixture; heating the resultant mixture to decompose the salt of the metal to form metal oxide; and reacting the metal oxide with aqueous ammonium carbonate to obtain the metal carbonate. A system for producing a metal carbonate from ultramafic rock material is also provided. 1. A method of producing a metal carbonate from an ultramafic rock material , the method comprisinga) providing an ultramafic rock material comprising a metal silicate;b) reacting the ultramafic rock material with an acid to form a mixture comprising a salt of the metal;c) contacting the mixture comprising a salt of the metal with oxygen so as to aerate impurities in the mixture and/or to remove residual acid from the mixture;d) heating the resultant mixture from step c) to decompose the salt of the metal to form metal oxide; ande) reacting the metal oxide with aqueous ammonium carbonate to obtain the metal carbonate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein molar ratio of metal to COin the metal carbonate is in the range of about 1:1 to about 5:4.3. The method according to or claim 1 , wherein the metal carbonate is magnesium carbonate.4. The method according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the ultramafic rock material comprises or consists of serpentine.5. The method according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the acid is a hydrohalic acid.6. The method according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the acid comprises or consists of hydrochloric acid.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein concentration of the hydrochloric acid is at least 27 wt % HCl.8. The method ...

Carbon dioxide chemical sequestration from industrial emissions by carbonation

Techniques are described for chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide and production of precipitated magnesium carbonate. The process can include contacting carbon dioxide from industrial emissions with water and magnesium-containing particulate material, such as serpentinite, which is thermally pre-treated and has a particle size of at most 75 microns. The process can also include separation of the loaded aqueous stream from the solids, followed by precipitation of magnesium carbonate material that includes carbon and oxygen from industrial emissions and magnesium from serpentinite or chrysotile mining residue, for example.

CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION WITH MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE AND REGENERATION OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods of removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream using magnesium hydroxide and then regenerating the magnesium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the systems and methods can further comprise using the waste heat from one or more gas streams to provide some or all of the heat needed to drive the reactions. In some embodiments, magnesium chloride is primarily in the form of magnesium chloride dihydrate and is fed to a decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxychloride, which is in turn fed to a second decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxide. 134.-. (canceled)35. A system for regenerating Mg(OH)in a process that reduces the amount of COcontained in a gas stream , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a first decomposition reactor configured to react MgClcontaining material with steam to form first reactor products comprising Mg(OH)Cl and HCl, where the MgClcontaining material comprises a water to MgClratio of less than about 2.5:1;'}{'sub': '2', 'a second decomposition reactor configured to react Mg(OH)Cl from the first decomposition reactor with steam to form HCl and magnesium-containing products comprising mostly Mg(OH);'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '3, 'a first absorption reactor configured to react Mg(OH)from the second decomposition reactor with CO, CaCl, and steam to form products comprising MgCland CaCO.'}36. The system of claim 35 , further comprising a gaseous feed line configured to pass a gaseous outflow from the second decomposition reactor to the first decomposition reactor claim 35 , where the gaseous outflow comprises HCl and steam to react with the MgClcontaining material.37. The system of claim 35 , further comprising a second absorption reactor claim 35 , wherein{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2, 'the first absorption reactor is configured to admix Mg(OH)from the second decomposition reactor with COcontained in the gas stream and form MgCOand HO, and'}{'sub': 3', '2', '3', ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CAPTURING AND STORING CARBON DIOXIDE

Methods and systems for capturing and storing carbon dioxide are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: mixing materials including magnesium or calcium with one or more acids and chelating agents to form a magnesium or calcium-rich solvent; using the organic acids derived from biogenic wastes as acids or chelating agents; generating carbonate ions by reacting a gas including carbon dioxide with a carbonic anhydrase biocatalyst; reacting the solvent with the carbonate ions to form magnesium or calcium carbonates; recycling a solution containing the biocatalyst after forming magnesium or calcium carbonates for re-use in the generating step; using the magnesium and calcium carbonates as carbon neutral filler materials and using the silica product as green filler materials or inexpensive absorbents. 1. A method of capturing and storing carbon dioxide , said method comprising:mixing materials including magnesium or calcium with at least one of one or more acids and chelating agents to form a magnesium or calcium-rich solvent;generating carbonate ions by reacting a gas including carbon dioxide with a biocatalyst; andreacting said solvent with said carbonate ions to form magnesium or calcium carbonates.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:recycling a solution containing said biocatalyst after forming said magnesium or calcium carbonates for re-use in said generating step.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said biocatalyst is a carbonic anhydrase.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said carbonic anhydrase is one of the enzymes Cam or Cab.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said carbonic anhydrase is a whole cell that expresses one of the enzymes Cam or Cab.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said magnesium or calcium materials include at least one of magnesium or calcium bearing minerals and industrial wastes.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said magnesium or calcium carbonates ...

MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE SOL AND OPTICALLY ACTIVE SURFACE COATINGS DERIVED THEREOF

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium precursor in a first volume in a non-aqueous solvent, and adding, in a second volume, 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) per mole calcium precursor to said first volume, and adding a metal additive before, during or after step b), wherein said metal additive is calcium, in form of a calcium precursor, wherein the amount of said calcium additive, in relation to the amount of said magnesium precursor is 1:100 to 1:1, as measured in molar equivalents of said calcium additive to said magnesium precursor, and wherein additionally 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (n) per mole calcium additive is present in said second volume. 130.-. (canceled)31. A method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF) sol solution , comprising the steps ofa. providing magnesium carboxylate in a non-aqueous solvent in a first volume andb. adding, in a second volume, 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) per mole magnesium carboxylate to said first volume, whereinat least one metal additive, selected from the group of lithium, calcium, antimony, tin, magnesium, strontium, aluminium, silicium, zirconium, titanium or zinc, is added before, during or after step b), wherein the amount of said metal additive, in relation to the amount of magnesium, is 1:100 to 1:5, as measured in molar equivalent of said metal additive to magnesium, wherein{'sub': 'adHF', 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'i': n', 'n', 'A, 'sub': adHF', 'M', 'additive, '=(*χ)*Ox*, wherein'}, 'an additional amount of hydrogen fluoride (n) is present in step b computed according to the formula'}{'sub': 'M', 'nis the molar amount of magnesium,'}{'sub': additive', 'M, 'χis the molar percentage of said metal additive in relation to n,'}χadditive is in the range of 1% to 20%,Ox is the number characterizing the oxidation state ...

Method for the Dry Slaking of Calcium and Magnesium Oxides from Calcomagnesian Compounds

The invention relates to a method for the dry slaking of calcium oxides and magnesium from calcomagnesian compound containing preferably at least 10 wt. % of MgO in relation to the total weight of said calcomagnesian compound, in which calcomagnesian compound is supplied to a slaking vessel, a slaking aqueous phase is supplied to the slaking vessel, followed by slaking the calcomagnesian compound delivered to the slaking vessel, by means of the slaking aqueous phase, and forming hydrated solid particles of calcium hydroxides and magnesium, in the presence of an additive. The invention also relates to the compound produced in this way.

CARRIER MATERIAL FOR THE RELEASE OF ONE OR MORE ACTIVE AGENT(S) IN A HOME CARE FORMULATION

The present invention relates to a carrier material for the release of one or more active agent(s) in a home care formulation, a delivery system for the release of one or more active agent(s) in a home care formulation, a home care formulation comprising the delivery system for the release of one or more active agent(s), a method for preparing the delivery system for the release of one or more active agent(s) in a home care formulation as well as the use of the delivery system for the release of one or more active agent(s) in a home care formulation. 1. A carrier material for the release of one or more active agent(s) in a home care formulation , the carrier material consisting of magnesium carbonate having a specific surface area of ≥25 m/g , measured using nitrogen and the BET method according to ISO 9277:2010.2. The carrier material according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate has a specific surface area in the range from 25 to 150 m/g claim 1 , measured using nitrogen and the BET method according to ISO 9277:2010.3. The carrier material according to claim 2 , wherein the magnesium carbonate has an intra-particle intruded specific pore volume in the range from 0.9 to 2.3 cm/g claim 2 , calculated from mercury porosimetry measurement.4. The carrier material according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate has a d(vol) in the range from 1 to 75 μm claim 1 , as determined by laser diffraction.5. The carrier material according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate has a d(vol) in the range from 2 to 150 μm claim 1 , as determined by laser diffraction.6. The carrier material according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium carbonate contains up to 15 000 ppm Ca ions.7. A delivery system for the release of one or more active agent(s) in a home care formulation claim 1 , the delivery system comprising the carrier material according to and one or more active agent(s) which is loaded on the carrier material.8. The delivery system according to claim 7 , ...

Method for the Wet Slaking of Calcium and Magnesium Oxides from Calcomagnesian Compounds

A method is shown for the slaking of calcium oxides and magnesium from calcomagnesian compound containing at least 10 wt. % of MgO in relation to the total weight of said calcomagnesian compound, in which a slaking aqueous phase is supplied to a slaking device, and slaking the compound containing anhydrous dolomite delivered to the slaking device, by means of the slaking aqueous phase, forming hydrated solid particles of Mg(OH), in the presence of an additive. 2. (canceled)3: The slaking method according to claim 1 , wherein the said calco-magnesian compound is selected from the group consisting of calcined claim 1 , semi-calcined or semi-hydrated dolomite claim 1 , mixed calco-magnesian compounds claim 1 , in particular mixed oxides of calcium and magnesium having a substantial MgO content claim 1 , namely higher than 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixed oxide claim 1 , and the mixtures thereof.4: The slaking method according to claim 1 , wherein the said water-soluble metal hydroxides are selected from the group consisting of alkaline hydroxides claim 1 , in particular sodium claim 1 , potassium or lithium hydroxides claim 1 , and the mixtures thereof.5: The slaking method according to claim 1 , wherein the said water-soluble metal silicates are selected from the group consisting of alkaline silicates claim 1 , in particular sodium and lithium silicates claim 1 , alkaline-earth silicates in particular calcium and magnesium silicates claim 1 , and the mixtures thereof.6: The slaking method according to claim 1 , wherein the said water-soluble aluminates are selected from the group consisting of potassium aluminate claim 1 , sodium aluminate claim 1 , lithium aluminate claim 1 , ammonium aluminate and the mixtures thereof.7: The slaking method according to claim 1 , wherein the said water-soluble metal halides are selected from the group consisting of metal chlorides claim 1 , metal bromides claim 1 , metal fluorides and the mixtures thereof.8: ...

A PROCESS FOR CONVERTING NATURAL CALCIUM CARBONATE INTO PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE

A process for converting natural calcium carbonate into precipitated calcium carbonate, involving treating the natural calcium carbonate with a sulfate to produce a gypsum and reacting the gypsum with at least one carbonate source to produce precipitated calcium carbonate. The crystalline polymorph, particle size, and various other characteristics of the precipitated calcium carbonate are controlled by varying conditions during the reacting. Since the natural calcium carbonate is not calcined, the process relates to a low energy method of producing precipitated calcium carbonate of controlled polymorph and particle size with limestone, marble, or chalk as the calcium source. 1. A process for converting natural calcium carbonate into precipitated calcium carbonate , comprising:treating the natural calcium carbonate with a sulfate to produce a gypsum; andreacting the gypsum with at least one carbonate source to produce precipitated calcium carbonate.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonate source is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate claim 1 , ammonium bicarbonate claim 1 , ammonium carbamate claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , a metal carbonate claim 1 , and carbon dioxide.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the gypsum to the carbonate source is 1:1.1 to 1:3.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonate source is a carbonate mixture of ammonium carbonate claim 1 , ammonium carbamate claim 1 , and ammonium bicarbonate claim 1 , and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate is greater than or equal to the amount of ammonium carbamate or ammonium carbonate in the carbonate mixture.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonate source is a carbonate mixture of ammonium carbonate claim 1 , ammonium carbamate claim 1 , and ammonium bicarbonate claim 1 , and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate is less than the amount of ammonium carbamate or ammonium carbonate in the carbonate mixture.6. The ...

Bromine-Facilitated Synthesis of Fluoro-Sulfur Compounds

Described herein are methods for the bromine-facilitated synthesis of fluoro-sulfur compounds, that include SF 4 , SF 5 Cl, SF 5 Br and SF 6 . The methods described herein generally require lower temperature and pressure, produce higher yields, require less time, do not use corrosive or costly reactants and solvents that are commonly used in the synthesis of the fluoro-sulfur compounds, and do not produce deleterious waste products when compared to previously-used methods.

CARBONATE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

Compositions comprising calcium carbonate, methods of preparation thereof, and methods of use thereof are discussed. The particulate mineral may be prepared by a precipitation process and/or by a grinding process, for example. The composition may comprise a particulate mineral that comprises calcium carbonate and magnesium, wherein the particulate mineral comprises from about 7% to about 80% magnesium by weight, with respect to the total weight of the particulate mineral. The bulk chemical composition of the particulate mineral may have a magnesium content within 5% of the magnesium content of the surface of the particulate mineral, and/or the particulate mineral may have a steepness value ranging from about 20 to about 80. 1. A composition comprising a particulate mineral that comprises calcium carbonate and magnesium;wherein the particulate mineral comprises from about 7% to about 80% magnesium by weight, with respect to the total weight of the particulate mineral;wherein a bulk chemical composition of the particulate mineral has a magnesium content within 5% of a magnesium content of a surface chemical composition of the particulate mineral; andwherein the particulate mineral has a steepness value ranging from about 20 to about 80.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the bulk chemical composition of the particulate mineral is the same as the surface chemical composition of the particulate mineral.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium is uniformly distributed throughout the particulate mineral.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate mineral has a formula MgCOCaCO claim 1 , wherein x and y are each greater than zero claim 1 , and x is not 1 if y is 1.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein x ranges from 2 to 80 and y ranges from 20 to 95.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate mineral comprises from about 40% to about 60% magnesium by weight claim 1 , with respect to a total weight of the particulate mineral.7. The ...

Mineral Composition Based on a Mixed Solid Phase of Calcium and Magnesium Carbonates and Process for Preparing Such a Composition

A mineral composition is shown which contains a mixed solid phase of synthetic calcium and magnesium carbonates, formed of a crystallized calcic portion and a plate-like crystallized magnesian portion. The crystals of the calcic portion and those of the magnesian portion are aggregated in the form of composite aggregates. These aggregates themselves are at least partly agglomerated in the form of agglomerates. The calcic portion has at least one carbonate such as calcite or the mixtures of calcite and aragonite. The magnesian portion contains hydromagnesite in plate-like form. The aggregates are further formed of a calcic core on which hydromagnesite plates are aggregated. The mineral composition has defined thermal conductivity properties making it suitable for use as a building material 120-. (canceled)21. A mineral composition containing a mixed solid phase of synthetic calcium and magnesium carbonates , formed of a crystallized calcic portion and a plate-like crystallized magnesian portion , the crystals of the calcic portion and those of the magnesian portion being aggregated in the form of composite aggregates , these aggregates themselves being at least partly agglomerated in the form of agglomerates , said calcic portion comprising at least one carbonate selected from the group consisting of calcite , and the mixtures of calcite and aragonite , said magnesian portion comprising hydromagnesite in plate-like form , said aggregates being formed of a calcic core on which hydromagnesite plates are aggregated , said mixed solid phase of carbonates of said mineral composition having a thermal conductivity of 25 to 45 mW/K/m for a bulk density of 250 kg/mor lower and of 80 kg/mor higher measured in accordance with standard EN 459.2 , and a Ca/Mg molar ratio higher than 1.2 and equal to or less than 4.0.22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the mixed solid phase has a Ca/Mg molar ratio of 3.0 or lower.23. The mineral composition of claim 21 , further comprising ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING CARBON DIOXIDE

Disclosed are a method and a system for recycling carbon dioxide. The method includes chlorinating a calcium-containing silicate and/or a magnesium-containing silicate to obtain a calcium chloride and/or magnesium chloride, mixing the calcium chloride and/or magnesium chloride with ammonia water and carbon dioxide and performing a carbonation reaction to recover the carbon dioxide and convert it into calcium carbonate and/or magnesium carbonate while generating an ammonium chloride solution, and recovering the ammonium chloride solution generated in the carbonation reaction. The ammonium chloride solution after being concentrated or hydrogen chloride generated from a decomposition reaction of the ammonium chloride solution is directly used to chlorinate the calcium-containing silicate and/or the magnesium-containing silicate. The ammonium chloride is used as a catalyst for the entire mineralization of the carbon dioxide, the final product is the calcium carbonate and/or the magnesium carbonate. 1. A method for recycling carbon dioxide , comprising:chlorinating a calcium-containing silicate and/or a magnesium-containing silicate to obtain calcium chloride and/or magnesium chloride;mixing the calcium chloride and/or the magnesium chloride with ammonia water and carbon dioxide and performing a carbonation reaction to convert the carbon dioxide into calcium carbonate and/or magnesium carbonate while generating an ammonium chloride solution; and recovering the ammonium chloride solution generated in the carbonation reaction,wherein the ammonium chloride solution after being concentrated or hydrogen chloride generated from a decomposition reaction of the ammonium chloride solution is directly used to chlorinate the calcium-containing silicate and/or the magnesium-containing silicate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein silicon dioxide is also generated in the step of chlorinating claim 1 , and before the carbonation reaction claim 1 , the method further comprises: ...

CARBON SEQUESTRATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS, AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREBY

Aspects of the invention include methods of removing carbon dioxide (CO) from a COcontaining gas. In some instances, the methods include contacting COcontaining gas with a bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product. Where desired, the resultant bicarbonate rich product or a component thereof may then be stored or further processed, e.g., combined with a divalent alkaline earth metal cation, under conditions sufficient to produce a solid carbonate composition. Aspects of the invention further include systems for practicing the methods, as well as products produced by the methods. 1. A method of removing carbon dioxide (CO) from a COcontaining gas , the method comprising:contacting the gas with an aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product;{'sub': 2', '2, 'to remove COfrom the COcontaining gas.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium is a bicarbonate buffered aqueous.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium has a pH ranging from 8 to 10.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pCOof the COcontaining gas in contact with bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium is 10Pa or higher.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bicarbonate rich product comprises droplets of a liquid condensed phase (LCP) in a bulk liquid.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the COcontaining gas is contacted with the aqueous medium in the presence of a catalyst that mediates the conversion of COto bicarbonate.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the catalyst is an enzyme.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the enzyme is a carbonic anhydrase.9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the catalyst is a synthetic catalyst.10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the catalyst is a metal colloid particle catalyst.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium further comprises ...

制备超纯氢氧化镁和氧化镁的方法

本发明涉及一种通过沉淀制备镁化合物的方法，其中：(1)将镁化合物的水溶液或悬浮液与选自碱、喔星、无机磷酸盐和碳酸的无机盐的沉淀剂混合，并使相应的镁化合物沉淀，(2)任选地，将获自步骤(1)的混合物与絮凝助剂混合，(3)任选地，由步骤(1)和任选步骤(2)的混合物将固体与液体分离，(4)在存在或不存在絮凝助剂的情况下，将移除的固体与水混合，(5)任选地，由步骤(4)的混合物将固体与液体分离，(6)任选地，重复步骤(4)和(5)一次或多次，(7)和任选地，任选在添加其他化合物之后干燥移除的固体，其特征在于通过如下程序获得步骤(1)的中的镁化合物的水溶液或悬浮液：(i)使有机镁化合物与醛或酮或其他亲电试剂反应，随后在至多为10的pH值下对反应混合物进行水预处理，或者(ii)由具有相对于所用的镁盐各自为200ppm的最高钙含量和/或钾含量的镁盐获得。

Process for producing magnesium hydroxide

Preparation of nano size hydrotalcite

본 발명은 Mg과 Al로 이루어진 이중층상수산화물인 하이드로탈사이트에 관한 것으로, 본 발명에 따르는 하이드로탈사이트는 입자의 크기가 나노 사이즈로 섬유나 고분자에 충전재로 혼합되어 음이온 제거의 목적으로 적용하기에 적합하다. The present invention relates to a hydrotalcite which is a bilayered hydroxide consisting of Mg and Al, and the hydrotalcite according to the present invention has a particle size of nano-size mixed with a filler in a fiber or a polymer to be applied for the purpose of removing anions. Suitable.

Process for the production of magnesium fluoride

Hollow Composites with Enhanced Anti-Hygroscopicity and Light Penetration, Fabrication Process the Composite, Insulation Material Containing the Composite and Application Thereof

PURPOSE: Hollow composite, a method for manufacturing the same, and an insulating material using the same are provided to improve moisture absorption characteristic and light transmission rate. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing hollow composite includes the following: composite sol of silica doped with magnesium fluoride is prepared; inorganic particles composed of the shells of silica doped with magnesium fluoride and the cores of metal hydroxide or metal oxide are prepared by reacting the composite sol with inorganic sol composed of the metal hydroxide or the metal oxide; and the cores are eliminated from the inorganic particles to form hollow composite based on silica doped with magnesium fluoride. The hollow composite is represented by chemical formula 1.

使用菱镁矿制备氢氧化镁的方法

本发明涉及一种使用菱镁矿制备氢氧化镁的方法。所述方法依次包括：使用外燃式回转窑煅烧菱镁矿以获得轻烧氧化镁；测量其中硫酸钙的含量；使用蒸馏水将其制备成浆料，并向浆料中添加氯化钡并搅拌反应，滤掉液体，干燥，从而制得干燥氢氧化镁；筛掉干燥氢氧化镁的粗颗粒，从而制得低粒径的氢氧化镁；其中，用于煅烧的菱镁矿具有不大于20毫米的粒径；外燃式回转窑的一次风风速为50至55米/秒，煤粉粒度为5至10毫米；二次风风速为16至18米/秒；蒸馏水和轻烧氧化镁的比例为10:1至15：1；氯化钡与硫酸钙的摩尔比为2:1至3:1。本发明可利用外燃式回转窑煅烧菱镁矿来制得低粒度的氢氧化镁。

Способ получени оксида магни

Изобретение относитс  к способам получени  оксида магни  из хлормагниевых растворов и позвол ет повысить степень извлечени  магни , степень чистоты регенерированного раствора и интенсифицировать процесс. Способ осуществл ют следующим образом. Из хлормагниевых растворов обработкой моноэтаноламином (МЭА) осаждают гидроксид магни , осадок отдел ют фильтрацией, промывают и прокаливают с получением оксида магни . Магниевый раствор после отделени  осадки обрабатывают электрическим шелоком с целью регенерации моноэтаноламина по реакции RNH 2 . HCL+HCL+NAOH=RNH+NACL+H 2 O. Смесь далее подвергают разделению ректификацией при 111-126°С. При этом получают чистый МЭА и осадок NACL. Степень извлечени  магни  составл ет 95,7-97,5%, степень регенерации МЭМ - 95-99%. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл.

Magnesium hydroxide fire retardant nanoparticles and method for production thereof

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemical engineering. The first step of producing magnesium hydroxide fire retardant nanoparticles includes reacting aqueous magnesium chloride solution with an alkaline component at temperature not higher than 100°C and molar ratio of OH - : Mg ++ ions in the range of (1.9-2.1):1. The second step includes hydrothermal recrystallisation of the particles at temperature of 120-220°C, pressure of 0.18-2.3 MPa for 2-24 hours. The reaction mass is subjected to periodic hydraulic shocks with superheated steam at 160-240°C and pressure of 0.6-3.3 MPa. Magnesium hydroxide fire retardant nanoparticles are obtained, having a hexagonal lamellar structure and specific surface area of not more than 20 m 2 /g. The average diameter of secondary particles is not greater than 2 mcm. The diameter of 10% of the secondary particles is not greater than 0.8 mcm and the diameter o 90% of the secondary particles is not greater than 5 mcm. The longitudinal dimension of the secondary particles ranges from 150 to 900 nm and the thickness ranges from 15 to 150 nm. The nanoparticles can be surface-treated. EFFECT: invention enables to achieve more uniform distribution of magnesium hydroxide fire retardant particles in polymer materials without deterioration of mechanical properties thereof and technological effectiveness of processing. 20 cl, 8 dwg, 1 tbl, 5 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C01F 5/22 B82B 3/00 B82Y 99/00 C08K 3/22 C09K 21/02 (13) 2 561 379 C2 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2011.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013148190/05, 29.10.2013 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 29.10.2013 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.05.2015 Бюл. № 13 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ОТКРЫТОЕ АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО "КАУСТИК" (RU) R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 29.10.2013 (72) Автор(ы): Гордон Елена Петровна (RU), Коротченко Алла ...

Methods of forming carbonate minerals and apparatus of forming the carbonate minerals

PURPOSE: A formation method and a forming apparatus of carbonate mineral are provided to remarkably enhance energy consumption efficiency and increase reaction rate by using alkali earth metal for carbonate mineralization reaction. CONSTITUTION: A formation method of carbonate mineral comprises the following steps: preparing a first aqueous solution which includes calcium ion or magnesium ion by passing ion exchange solution which contains sodium ion through a fluid passage(s10); offering the first aqueous solution and carbon dioxide to a second aqueous solution which occurs carbonate precipitation reaction in order to form carbonate mineral(s20); and separating carbonate mineral from the second aqueous solution(s30). The calcium ion or magnesium ion is extracted from a cation exchange medium which includes at least one of the following: clay mineral which contains the calcium or the magnesium, zeolite mineral, iron or manganese hydroxide, and an organic ion exchange resin.

Process for preparing magnesium hydroxide

1. СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГИДРОКСИДА МАГНИЯ, включающий смещение магнийсодержащего раствора с гидроксидом кальци  и отделение целевого продукта фильтрацией, отличающийс  тем, что, с целью повышени  скорости фильтрации , смешение исходного раствора осуществл ют с замороженными гранулами гидроксида кальци . 2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийс  тем, что при смешении используют гранулы гидроксида кальци  размером 20-80 мм, имеющие температуру (-5) - (-10)&amp;deg;С. 1. A METHOD FOR PREPARING MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE, including displacing the magnesium-containing calcium hydroxide solution and separating the target product by filtration, characterized in that, in order to increase the filtration rate, the initial solution is mixed with the frozen calcium hydroxide granules. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when mixed, calcium hydroxide granules with a size of 20-80 mm, having a temperature of (-5) to (-10) ° C, are used.