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Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 4859. Отображено 100.
15-07-2021 дата публикации

Устройство для получения мелкодисперсного порошка

Номер: RU0000205452U1
Автор: Владимир Павлович Умнов, Дмитрий Олегович Чухланцев
Принадлежит: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Новые Дисперсные Материалы"

Полезная модель относится к порошковой металлургии, в частности к оборудованию для плазменного получения металлических порошков. Устройство содержит катодный электрод 1 возбуждения дуги, анодный электрод 2, блок управления 8, электрически соединенные с упомянутым блоком управления 8 устройство 4 для подачи расходуемого материала 3 в зону плазменного распыления 5 и электрическую схему для возбуждения и питания электрической дуги. Устройство содержит измеритель 11 разности электрических потенциалов между расходуемым материалом 3 и катодным электродом 1 возбуждения дуги, выход которого соединен с упомянутым блоком управления, выполненным с возможностью управлять скоростью подачи расходуемого материала в зону плазменного распыления. Устройство обеспечивает повышение качества получаемого порошка. 3 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 205 452 U1 (51) МПК B22F 9/14 (2006.01) B22F 1/00 (2006.01) B01J 19/08 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B22F 9/14 (2020.08); B22F 1/00 (2020.08); B01J 19/08 (2020.08); B01J 19/088 (2020.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020118945, 09.06.2020 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): ОБЩЕСТВО С ОГРАНИЧЕННОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬЮ "НОВЫЕ ДИСПЕРСНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ" (RU) Дата регистрации: 15.07.2021 (45) Опубликовано: 15.07.2021 Бюл. № 20 2 0 5 4 5 2 R U (54) Устройство для получения мелкодисперсного порошка (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к порошковой Устройство содержит измеритель 11 разности металлургии, в частности к оборудованию для электрических потенциалов между расходуемым плазменного получения металлических порошков. материалом 3 и катодным электродом 1 Устройство содержит катодный электрод 1 возбуждения дуги, выход которого соединен с возбуждения дуги, анодный электрод 2, блок упомянутым блоком управления, выполненным управления 8, электрически соединенные с с возможностью управлять скоростью подачи упомянутым блоком управления 8 ...

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Номер записи: 1
27-09-2012 дата публикации

Process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes to aromatic hydrocarbons

Номер: US20120240467A1
Автор: Ajay Madhav Madgavkar, Ann Marie Lauritzen, Mahesh Venkataraman Iyer
Принадлежит: Individual

A process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes into aromatics which comprises first reacting a mixed lower alkane feed comprising at least propane and ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of propane into first stage aromatic reaction products, separating ethane from the first stage aromatic reaction products, reacting ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of ethane into second stage aromatic reaction products, and optionally separating ethane from the second stage aromatic reaction products.

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Номер записи: 2
22-11-2012 дата публикации

Process for alkylation of toluene to form styrene and ethylbenzene

Номер: US20120296136A1
Автор: Sivadinarayana Chinta
Принадлежит: Fina Technology Inc

A process is disclosed for making styrene and/or ethylbenzene by reacting toluene with a C 1 source over a catalyst in at least one radial reactor to form a product stream comprising styrene and/or ethylbenzene.

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Номер записи: 3
11-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AROMATIC HYDROCARBON

Номер: US20130090506A1
Автор: Ma Hongtao, OGAWA Yuji
Принадлежит:

When producing an aromatic hydrocarbon by a contact reaction of a lower hydrocarbon with a catalyst, the aromatic hydrocarbon is produced stably for a long time while maintaining a high aromatic hydrocarbon yield. 1. In a process for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon by repeating a reaction step to obtain an aromatic hydrocarbon by conducting a contact reaction of a lower hydrocarbon with a catalyst and a regeneration step to regenerate the catalyst used in the reaction step ,the aromatic hydrocarbon production process being characterized by that yield of the aromatic hydrocarbon formed in the reaction step is calculated twice or more during the reaction step, that, of these calculated yields, one yield is set as a standard, and that the regeneration time of the regeneration step is changed on the basis of the change of the calculated yield relative to this standard.2. The aromatic hydrocarbon production process as claimed in claim 1 , which is characterized by that a threshold value is set up in the change of the yield claim 1 , and that the regeneration time of the regeneration step is prolonged when the change of the yield is lower than the threshold value.3. The aromatic hydrocarbon production process as claimed in claim 2 , which is characterized by that claim 2 , when the change of the yield is consecutively lower than the threshold value claim 2 , the regeneration time of the regeneration step is prolonged.4. The aromatic hydrocarbon production process as claimed in claim 1 , which is characterized by that the regeneration time of the regeneration step is prolonged on the basis of the change of the yield per unit time.5. The aromatic hydrocarbon production process as claimed in claim 4 , which is characterized by that a threshold value is set up in the change per unit time claim 4 , and that the regeneration time of the regeneration step is prolonged when the change per unit time is lower than the threshold value. The present invention relates to a high- ...

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Номер записи: 4
09-05-2013 дата публикации

AROMATIZATION OF METHANE WITH COMBINATION OF CATALYSTS

Номер: US20130116493A1
Автор: Borgna Armando, Liu Yan
Принадлежит:

A heated reaction gas comprising methane is contacted with first and second catalysts to catalyze production of an aromatic hydrocarbon. The first catalyst is more active than the second catalyst for catalyzing aromatization of methane, and the second catalyst is more active than the first catalyst for catalyzing aromatization of ethane. A reactor for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from the reaction gas may have a conduit defining a reaction zone for the reaction gas to react therein, and the first and second catalysts may be disposed in the reaction zone. 1. A method comprising:contacting a heated reaction gas comprising methane with a first catalyst and a second catalyst to catalyze production of an aromatic hydrocarbon,wherein said first catalyst is more active than said second catalyst for catalyzing aromatization of methane, and said second catalyst is more active than said first catalyst for catalyzing aromatization of ethane.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said first and second catalysts is an aluminosilicate zeolite modified by a transition metal.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said first catalyst is a MCM-22 zeolite modified by a first transition metal claim 2 , and said second catalyst is a ZSM-5 zeolite modified by a second transition metal.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein each of said first transition metal and said second transition metal is molybdenum.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein each one of said first and second catalysts comprises about 3 to about 12 wt % of molybdenum.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein each one of said first and second catalysts has a Si/2Al ratio of from 25 to 45.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heated reaction gas is heated to a temperature of about 600 to about 700° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , prior to said contacting claim 1 , said first and second catalysts are heated to at least 300° C. in the presence of propane.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of ...

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Номер записи: 5
23-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF PROPANE AND BUTANE TO AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20130131414A1
Автор: Iyer Mahesh Venkataraman, Lauritzen Ann Marie, Madgavkar Ajay Madhav
Принадлежит:

A process for the conversion of propane and/or butane into aromatics which comprises first reacting a propane and/or butane feed in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of propane and/or butane into first stage aromatic reaction products, separating ethane produced in the first stage reaction from the first stage aromatic reaction products, reacting ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of ethane into second stage aromatic reaction products, and optionally separating ethane from the second stage aromatic reaction products. 1. A process for the conversion of butane and/or propane into aromatics which comprises first reacting a butane and/or propane feed in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under first stage reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of propane and/or butane into first stage aromatic reaction products , separating ethane produced in the first stage aromatic reaction from the first aromatic reaction products , reacting the ethane in presence of an aromatization catalyst under second stage reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of ethane into second stage aromatic reaction products , and optionally separating ethane from the second stage aromatic reaction products.2. The process of wherein the aromatization reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 400 to 700° C.3. The process of wherein the first stage reaction conditions comprise a temperature of from 400 to 650° C.4. The process of wherein the second stage reaction conditions comprise a temperature of from 450 to 680° C.5. The process of wherein the first stage reaction products are produced in at least two reactors aligned in parallel.6. The process of wherein the second stage reaction products are produced in at least two reactors aligned in parallel.7. The process of wherein fuel gas is also produced in either or both of the first and ...

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Номер записи: 6
13-06-2013 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF XYLENES BY METHYLATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20130150640A1
Автор: Cretoiu Lucia, Cretoiu Mircea, Ding Zhongyi, Estes Amy, McCaulley Michael
Принадлежит: GTC Technology US, LLC

The inventive method is directed to the production of xylenes by methylation of aromatic compounds with methanol. The process uses fixed bed reactors, operates at lower pressure, and without the need for hydrogen or other gas recycle. 1. A method for producing xylenes comprising the steps of:a. loading a zeolite catalyst into a fixed bed reactor system;b. feeding a feedstock to the fixed bed reactors, wherein the feedstock comprises at least one aromatic compound, methanol and water;c. reacting the feedstock in the presence of the zeolite catalyst to form an effluent, wherein the effluent comprises water, aromatic hydrocarbons, and light hydrocarbons;d. cooling the effluent;e. feeding the cooled effluent into a separator;f. separating a vapor phase stream, an aqueous stream, and hydrocarbon stream in the separator;g. distilling the hydrocarbon stream in a distillation section to form a product fraction and a fraction containing unreacted aromatic compounds;h. recycling a portion of the fraction containing unreacted aromatic compounds to the fixed bed reactor system; andi. diverting the vapor phase stream away from the fixed bed reactor system.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fixed bed reactor system comprises a single or a plurality of fixed reactors.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of reactors is arranged in series.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of reactors is arranged in parallel.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fixed bed reactor system is operated at a temperature of 420-600° C. and pressure of 10-100 psig.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fixed bed reactor system is operated at a temperature of 480-550° C. and pressure of 20-50 psig.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the WHSV is in the range of 2-12 hr.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the WHSV is in the range of 4-8 hr.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of benzene claim 1 , toluene and a ...

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Номер записи: 7
27-06-2013 дата публикации

Fluid Bed Reactor with Staged Baffles

Номер: US20130165724A1
Автор: Christopher G. Smalley, Joseph S. Famolaro, LU Han, Mark Hagemeister, Masaaki Sugita, Rathna P. Davuluri, Robert G. TINGER
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

The invention relates to a process of alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons, and more particularly a process of making paraxylene by alkylation of benzene and/or toluene with methanol and/or dimethyl ether, and to an apparatus for carrying out said process, the improvement comprising staged injection of one of the reactants, with the stages separated by structured packing so as to minimize at least one of gas phase back-mixing, by-pass phenomena, and gas bubble size.

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Номер записи: 8
22-08-2013 дата публикации

Alkylation of Benzene and/or Toluene with Methanol

Номер: US20130217940A1
Автор: Hagemeister Mark P., Ou John Di-Yi, Zheng Xiaobo
Принадлежит:

The present inventors have surprisingly discovered that paraxylene selectivity is found to increase as the amount of coke on catalyst increases. In embodiments the paraxylene selectivity and productivity is maximized by controlling the amount of coke on the catalyst while maintaining xylene yield at an acceptable value. The control of coke may be achieved by one or a combination of the following techniques: increasing catalyst on-oil time, decreasing catalyst residence time in the regenerator, reducing the air or oxygen supply to the regenerator, and decreasing catalyst circulation rate, or a combination thereof. 1. In a process for the alkylation of benzene and/or toluene with methanol in the presence of a catalyst suitable for said alkylation and characterized as a porous crystalline material having a Diffusion Parameter for 2 ,2 dimethylbutane of 0.1-15 secwhen measured at a temperature of 120° C. and a 2 ,2 dimethylbutane pressure of 60 torr (8 kPa) , in an apparatus comprising a fluidized bed reactor and a regenerator , including a cycling of said catalyst between said reactor , wherein coke is deposited on said catalyst by contacting said benzene and/or toluene with methanol in the presence of said catalyst under conversion conditions for a predetermined on-oil cycle time , and said regenerator , wherein coke is removed from said catalyst under regeneration conditions for a predetermined residence time , the improvement comprising carrying out said process so as to maintain coke deposits on said catalyst in the range of greater than 0.5 wt % to no more than 5.0 wt % , based on the weight of said catalyst , and maintaining said contacting under conditions , including on-oil cycle time , catalyst residence time in said regenerator , and catalyst recirculation rate , so as to maintain the coke deposits on said catalyst within said range.2. The process of claim 1 , including regenerating or rejuvenating said catalyst by treatment under oxidative conditions claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 9
29-08-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR SEPARATING HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20130225884A1
Автор: Edwards Justin Dwight, Rahmim Iraj Isaac, Vuddagiri Srinivas R., Weinberger Sam, Wolfenbarger Julian
Принадлежит: SILURIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Disclosed herein are processes for producing and separating ethane and ethylene. In some embodiments, an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) product gas comprising ethane and ethylene is introduced to a separation unit comprising two separators. Within the separation unit, the OCM product gas is separated to provide a C-rich effluent, a methane-rich effluent, and a nitrogen-rich effluent. Advantageously, in some embodiments the separation is achieved with little or no external refrigeration requirement. 1. A process for providing at least Chydrocarbon compounds via oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) , comprising:combining a feedstock gas including methane with an oxygen containing gas including oxygen;contacting the combined feedstock gas and oxygen containing gas with an OCM catalyst under process conditions sufficient to generate an OCM product gas that includes ethane, ethylene, oxygen and nitrogen; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'separating the OCM product gas into a C-rich effluent that includes at least one Ccompound and a gas mixture effluent that includes methane and nitrogen.'}2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', 'compressing the OCM product gas prior to separating the OCM product gas into the C-rich effluent and the gas mixture.'}3. The process of wherein compressing the OCM product gas prior to separating the OCM product gas into the C-rich effluent and the gas mixture comprises:{'sub': '2', 'increasing the pressure of the OCM product gas to at least 200 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) prior to separating the OCM product gas into the C-rich effluent and the gas mixture.'}4. The process of claim 3 , further comprising:reducing water content of the OCM product gas to about 0.001 mole percent (mol %) or less prior to condensing at least a portion of the OCM product gas to provide an OCM product gas condensate.5. The process of claim 3 , further comprising:reducing carbon dioxide content of the OCM product gas to about 5 parts per million by ...

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Номер записи: 10
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Process for the Oxidative Coupling of Hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130231513A1
Автор: Butler James, Chinta Sivadinarayana, Hunter Joe, Rives Taylor, Thorman Joseph
Принадлежит: FINA TECHNOLOGY, INC.

A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane to toluene, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen. 1. A method for the oxidative coupling of methane to a hydrocarbon other than methane comprising:providing a hydrocarbon feedstream comprising methane and hydrocarbons other than methane;providing an oxidative catalyst within a reactor, the catalyst comprising (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen; wherein if an element from Group 1 of the periodic table is used in (B), it cannot be used in (C);feeding the hydrocarbon feedstream and an oxygen source to the reactor;carrying out oxidative coupling of methane to a hydrocarbon other than methane over the oxidative catalyst according to a set of reaction conditions; andrecovering product hydrocarbons from the reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one element ...

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Номер записи: 11
12-09-2013 дата публикации

Process for the Purification of Paraxylene

Номер: US20130237737A1
Автор: Hagemeister Mark P., Johnson David L., Monson John J.
Принадлежит:

The proposed process uses crystallization technology to purify paraxylene simultaneously of large concentrations of C8 aromatics and also small concentrations of oxygenated species. 110.-. (canceled)11. A process comprising selective production of paraxylene by the alkylation of benzene and/or toluene including a step of oxygenate removal and then a step of removal of high concentrations of C8 aromatics by simulated counter-current adsorption.12. The process of claim 11 , wherein said alkylation comprises the contact of benzene and/or toluene with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Diffusion Parameter for 2 claim 11 ,2 dimethylbutane of about 0.1-15 secwhen measured at a temperature of 120° C. and a 2 claim 11 ,2 dimethylbutane pressure of 60 torr (8 kPa) wherein said porous crystalline material has undergone prior treatment with steam at a temperature of at least 950° C. to adjust the Diffusion Parameter of said material to about 0.1-15 sec.13. The process of claim 12 , wherein said Diffusion Parameter of said porous crystalline material is about 0.5-10 sec.14. The process of claim 12 , wherein said porous crystalline material has undergone prior treatment with steam at a temperature of at least 1000° C. for between about 10 minutes and about 100 hours.15. The process of claim 14 , wherein said treatment with steam reduces the pore volume of the catalyst to not less than 50% of that of the pore volume of the catalyst before said treatment with steam.16. The process of claim 12 , wherein the catalyst contains at least one oxide modifier selected from the group consisting of oxides of elements of Groups IIA claim 12 , IIIA claim 12 , IIIB claim 12 , IVA claim 12 , IVB claim 12 , VA and VIA of the Periodic Table.17. The process of claim 12 , wherein the catalyst contains at least one oxide modifier selected from the group consisting of oxides of boron claim 12 , magnesium claim 12 , calcium claim 12 , ...

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Номер записи: 12
26-09-2013 дата публикации

Alkylation Process

Номер: US20130253245A1
Автор: Hagemeister Mark P., Ou John Di-Yi, Stanat Jon E. R., Zheng Xiaobo
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to the production of paraxylene by an alkylation process that also produces oxygenates. The process is controlled to utilize recycle to minimize said oxygenates. 1. A process for the production of paraxylene by alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with methanol in the presence of at least one molecular sieve comprising:(a) providing a feed comprising an alkylating agent selected from methanol, dimethylether, and mixtures thereof, and an aromatic hydrocarbon selected from benzene, toluene, and mixtures thereof, to a reactor;(b) contacting in said reactor said alkylating agent and aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of at least one molecular sieve and under conditions suitable for the production of paraxylene selectively;(c) obtaining a stream comprising (i) paraxylene, (ii) unreacted alkylating agent, (iii) unreacted aromatic hydrocarbon, (iv) water, and at least one oxygenate (other than water and said alkylating agent(s)) co-produced with paraxylene in step (a);(d) separating (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) into plural streams, each containing said at least one oxygenate; and(e) recycling at least one of said plural streams comprising at least one of (ii), (iii), and (iv) to step (a) without a step of separation of said at least one oxygenate from said at least one plural streams.2. The process of claim 1 , including a step of determining the concentration of at least one of an oxygenate other than methanol and/or dimethylether produced in said reactor and/or determining the concentration of at least one of an oxygenate other than methanol and/or dimethylether provided to said reactor at a first preselected time and comparing at least one of said concentrations with a predetermined concentration or at least one of said concentrations determined at a second predetermined time claim 1 , different from said first predetermined time.3. The process of claim 1 , including a step of attenuating at least one process parameter so that the output of at least ...

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Номер записи: 13
10-10-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SILICON-BASED NANOCOMPOSITE CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY USING SAME

Номер: US20130264190A1
Автор: Cho Chu-hyun, Doh Chil-hoon, Ha Yoon-cheol
Принадлежит:

A method for manufacturing a silicon-based nanocomposite anode active material for the lithium secondary battery and the lithium secondary battery using same, comprising the following steps: a first step of mounting a silicon-based wire between two electrodes, which are placed in a methanol-based solvent atmosphere, and manufacturing a dispersion solution in which silicon-based nanoparticles are dispersed by means of high-voltage pulse discharging; and a second step of manufacturing a silicon-based nanocomposite body by compositing the silicon-based nanoparticles in the solution and a different type of material. By using the silicon-based nanocomposite anode in the lithium secondary battery according to the method, the advantages provided are of improving electronic conductivity and lithium-ion conductivity by means of the different type of material having a high-capacity characteristic, which encases the silicon-based nanoparticles, and of providing the lithium-ion secondary battery having enhanced battery capacity and charge/discharge cycle properties. 1. A method of preparing a silicon-based nanocomposite anode active material for a lithium secondary battery , comprising the steps of:(a) mounting a silicon-based wire between two electrodes provided in a methanol-based solvent atmosphere and then conducting high-voltage discharge to prepare a dispersion solution in which silicon nanoparticles are dispersed; and(b) combining the silicon nanoparticles with a different kind of material to prepare silicon-based nanocomposites.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon-based wire is made in the form of a wire claim 1 , bar or ribbon by molding any one selected from among a silicon wafer claim 1 , a silicon powder claim 1 , a silicon alloy claim 1 , and a mixed powder of silicon and a metal.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step (a) claim 1 , the methanol-based solvent is pure methanol claim 1 , a mixed solvent containing 50% or more of methanol or a ...

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Номер записи: 14
17-10-2013 дата публикации

CATALYST USEFUL IN FISHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

Номер: US20130274355A1
Автор: Al-Sayari Saleh A., Karim Khalid
Принадлежит: SAUDI BASIC INDUSTRIES CORPORATION

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising cobalt manganese oxide which is modified with lanthanum and/or phosphorus and optionally one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and transition metal. Furthermore, a method for preparing said catalyst composition and a process for producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using said catalyst composition is provided. 1. A catalyst composition comprising:cobalt; manganese; and at least one element selected from the group of lanthanum and phosphorus, {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'x, 'CoMnLaPMO'}, 'wherein the relative molar ratios of the elements comprised in the composition are represented by the formula'} M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and transition metal;', 'a is about 0.8-1.2;', 'b and/or c is greater than 0 to about 0.005;', 'd is 0 to about 0.005; and', 'x is a number determined by the valence requirements of the other elements present., 'wherein2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of sodium (Na) claim 1 , potassium (K) claim 1 , rubidium (Rb) claim 1 , caesium (Cs) claim 1 , magnesium (Mg) claim 1 , calcium (Ca) claim 1 , strontium (Sr) claim 1 , barium (Ba) claim 1 , titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr).3. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , comprising cobalt; manganese; lanthanum; and phosphorus claim 1 , wherein:b is greater than 0 to about 0.005; andc is greater than 0 to about 0.005.4. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition further comprises a binder selected from the group consisting of silica claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , titania claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , carbon and zeolite.5. A method for preparing the catalyst composition claims 1 , comprising:(a) preparing a solution of cobalt- and manganese-comprising salts to form a ...

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Номер записи: 15
24-10-2013 дата публикации

PHOSPHORUS MODIFIED ZEOLITE CATALYSTS

Номер: US20130281753A1
Автор: BEUTEL TILMAN W., DAAGE Michel, HICKEY KARLTON J., McCarthy Stephen J., WALDRUP BEAU
Принадлежит:

An unbound catalyst composition comprises a zeolite and phosphorus in an amount between about 0.01 wt % and about 3 wt % of the total catalyst composition. The catalyst composition, as calcined at ˜1000° F. (˜538° C.) for at least ˜3 hours, can exhibit (i) 2,2-dimethylbutane diffusivity >1.5×10secwhen measured at ˜120° C. and ˜60 torr (˜8 kPa), (ii) coke deactivation rate constant <˜0.15, and (iii) alpha value at least 10, and further exhibiting at least one of: (a) mesoporosity >0.2 ml/g; (b) microporous surface area at least 375 m/g; and (c) coke deactivation rate constant <0.05 after steaming in ˜100% steam for ˜96 hours at ˜1000° F. (˜538° C.). 2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the alpha value is at least 20.3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the alpha value is at least 50.4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the mesoporosity is greater than 0.3 ml/g.5. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the microporous surface area is at least 380 m/g.6. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylbutane diffusivity is at least 1.7×10sec claim 1 , when measured at a temperature of about 120° C. and a 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylbutane pressure of about 60 torr (about 8 kPa).7. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylbutane diffusivity is at least 2×10sec claim 1 , when measured at a temperature of about 120° C. and a 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylbutane pressure of about 60 torr (about 8 kPa).8. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the coke deactivation rate constant is less than or equal to 0.04 after steaming in approximately 100% steam for about 96 hours at about 1000° F. (about 538° C.).9. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has at least two of said properties (a) to (c).10. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein said zeolite has a constraint index from about 1 to about 12.11. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein said zeolite ...

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Номер записи: 16
31-10-2013 дата публикации

PREPARATION METHOD AND USE OF MANGANESE DIOXIDE NANO-ROD

Номер: US20130287677A1
Автор: Deng Huiren, Wang Yaobing, Zhou Mingjie
Принадлежит: OCEAN'S KING LIGHTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

Provided are a preparation method and use of manganese dioxide nano-rod. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing manganese salt solution and hydrogen peroxide solution to prepare a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4-6; subjecting the mixed solution to hydrothermal reaction at 150-190° C. to produce manganese dioxide precipitate; cooling the product of the hydrothermal reaction, and collecting the manganese dioxide precipitate after solid-liquid separating; washing and drying the manganese dioxide precipitate to obtain the manganese dioxide nano-rod. The method is simple, does not need high temperature calcination, and consumes little energy and oxidant, while the purity of the manganese dioxide is high. The manganese dioxide nano-rod has a high catalytic effect on decomposing hydrogen peroxide. 1. A preparation method of manganese dioxide nano-rods , comprising the steps of:mixing manganese salt solution and hydrogen peroxide to prepare a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 4-6;subjecting the mixed solution of pH 4-6 to hydrothermal reaction at 150-190° C., to produce manganese dioxide precipitate;subjecting the product of the hydrothermal reaction to solid-liquid separation after cooling and collecting the manganese dioxide precipitate;washing and drying the manganese dioxide precipitate to obtain manganese dioxide nano-rods.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of manganese salt in the manganese salt solution to hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.05 to 1:0.5.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of manganese salt in the manganese salt solution to hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.3 claim 1 , and manganese salt in the manganese salt solution is at least one of manganese nitrate claim 1 , manganese carbonate claim 1 , manganese sulfate claim 1 , manganese chloride and manganese acetate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermal reaction is ...

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Номер записи: 17
31-10-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING ACTIVE PARTICLE-CONTAINING STEAM

Номер: US20130289143A1
Автор: CAO Minxia, CHEN Yilong, LI HONG, ZHANG Yanfeng
Принадлежит:

A method for preparing high-temperature, active particle-containing steam. The method includes: 1) preparing steam; selecting one or several non-oxidizing gases as a working gas; ionizing the working gas into a plasma working medium by using a plasma generator; and 2) injecting the plasma working medium into a high-temperature steam generator to form high-temperature ionized environment while introducing the steam into the high-temperature steam generator for allowing the steam to contact with the plasma working medium so that the steam is heated and activated to form active particle-containing steam. A device for preparing the high-temperature, active particle-containing steam is also provided. 1. A method for preparing active particle-containing steam , the method comprising the following steps:1) preparing steam; selecting one or several non-oxidizing gases as a working gas; ionizing the working gas into a plasma working medium by using a plasma generator; and2) injecting the plasma working medium into a high-temperature steam generator comprising a rotary guide vane to form high-temperature ionized environment while introducing the steam through the rotary guide vane into the high-temperature steam generator and allowing the steam to contact with the plasma working medium so that the steam is heated and activated to form active particle-containing steam.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working gas in step 1) is ionized into the plasma working medium having a temperature of between 3 claim 1 ,000 and 12 claim 1 ,000 K by the plasma generator.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working gas is nitrogen.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the working gas is nitrogen.5. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe plasma working medium in step 2) is injected into the high-temperature steam generator at a speed of between 30 and 100 m/s;the steam is injected into the high-temperature steam generator at a speed of between 5 and 30 m/s; anda mass flow ratio of the plasma ...

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Номер записи: 18
07-11-2013 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

Номер: US20130296620A1
Автор: Hershkowitz Frank, Keusenkothen Paul F., MCCONNACHIE Jonathan M., MOHR Gary D.
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.

The invention relates to processes for converting a mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygenate into products containing acetylene and carbon monoxide. The invention also relates to utilizing at least a portion of the acetylene and carbon monoxide for producing xylenes such as p-xylene, utilizing at least a portion of xylenes for producing polymeric fibers, and to equipment useful for these processes. 1. A hydrocarbon conversion process , comprising:(a) providing a first mixture, the first mixture comprising ≧10.0 wt. % hydrocarbon and ≧1.0 wt. % oxygenate, the weight percents being based on the weight of the first mixture;(b) exposing the first mixture a temperature ≧700° C. in a first region under pyrolysis conditions to produce a second mixture, the second mixture comprising molecular hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and ≧1.0 wt. % of acetylene based on the weight of the second mixture, wherein the second mixture has a molecular hydrogen:carbon monoxide molar ratio ≧2.0 and a carbon monoxide:acetylene molar ratio ≧0.1;(c) converting at least a portion of the second mixture's acetylene to produce a first intermediate mixture comprising ≧10.0 wt. % aromatic hydrocarbon based on the weight of the intermediate mixture;(d) reacting at least a portion of the second mixture's carbon monoxide with at least a portion of the second mixture's molecular hydrogen to produce a second intermediate mixture comprising ≧10.0 wt. % alcohol based on the weight of the second intermediate mixture; and(e) reacting at least a portion of the first intermediate mixture's aromatics with at least a portion of the second intermediate mixture's alcohol to produce a product comprising water and ≧10.0 wt. % p-xylene based on the weight of the product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first mixture comprises ≧25.0 wt. % of hydrocarbon and ≧10.0 wt. % of oxygenate claim 1 , the oxygenate having an Effectiveness Factor ≧0.05 claim 1 , and further comprises ≧5.0 wt. % molecular hydrogen claim 1 , the ...

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Номер записи: 19
07-11-2013 дата публикации

Process for the Production of Xylenes and Light Olefins

Номер: US20130296621A1
Автор: DAVIS STEPHEN M., Iaccino Larry L., Jain Surbhi, Lattner James R., WOOD GLENN C.
Принадлежит:

In a hydrocarbon upgrading process, a hydrocarbon feed is treated in at least one of a steam cracker, catalytic cracker, coker, hydrocracker, and reformer under suitable conditions to produce a first stream comprising olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons. A second stream composed mainly of Cto Colefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons is recovered from the first stream and at least part of the second stream is contacted with a catalyst in the absence of added hydrogen under reaction conditions including a temperature of about 450° C. to about 70° C. effective to dealkylate, transalkylate, crack and aromatize components of the second stream to produce a third stream having an increased benzene and/or toluene content compared with the second stream and a C− olefin by-product. The C− olefin by-product and a fourth stream comprising toluene are then recovered from the third stream. 1. A hydrocarbon upgrading process comprising:(a) treating a hydrocarbon feed in at least one of a steam cracker, catalytic cracker, coker, hydrocracker, and reformer under suitable conditions to produce a first stream comprising olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons;{'sub': 4', '12, '(b) recovering from said first stream a second stream composed mainly of Cto Colefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons;'}{'sub': '3', '(c) contacting at least part of the second stream with a catalyst in the absence of added hydrogen under reaction conditions including a temperature of about 450° C. to about 700° C. effective to dealkylate, transalkylate, crack and aromatize components of said second stream to produce a third stream having an increased benzene and/or toluene content compared with said second stream and a C− olefin by-product;'}{'sub': '3', '(d) recovering C− olefins from said third stream; and'}(e) separating a fourth stream comprising toluene from said third stream.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrocarbon stream is selected from natural gas liquids claim 1 , natural gas condensate claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 20
19-12-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF MIXED LOWER ALKANES TO AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20130338415A1
Автор: Iyer Mahesh Venkataraman, Lauritzen Ann Marie, Madgavkar Ajay Madhav, Vecchio NIck Joseph
Принадлежит:

A process comprising: contacting a lower alkane feed comprising propane and ethane with an aromatization catalyst in a first stage under first stage reaction conditions to produce a first stage product stream comprising ethane and aromatics; separating the aromatics from the first stage product stream to form an aromatics product stream and a second stage feed; and contacting the second stage feed with an aromatization catalyst in a second stage under second stage reaction conditions to produce a second stage product stream comprising ethane and aromatics wherein the amount ethane in the first stage product stream is equal to from 80 to 300% of the amount of ethane in the lower alkane feed and the amount of ethane in the second stage product stream is 500 equal to at most 80% of the amount of ethane in the second stage feed is described. 1. A process comprising:a. contacting a lower alkane feed comprising propane and ethane with an aromatization catalyst in a first stage under first stage reaction conditions to produce a first stage product stream comprising ethane and aromatics;b. separating the aromatics from the first stage product stream to form an aromatics product stream and a second stage feed; andc. contacting the second stage feed with an aromatization catalyst in a second stage under second stage reaction conditions to produce a second stage product stream comprising ethane and aromaticsd. wherein the amount of ethane in the first stage product stream is equal to from 80 to 300% of the amount of ethane in the lower alkane feed and the amount of ethane in the second stage product stream is equal to at most 80% of the amount of ethane in the second stage feed.2. The process as claimed in wherein the amount of ethane in the first stage product stream is equal to from 150 to 300% of the amount of ethane in the lower alkane feed.3. The process of wherein the amount of ethane in the first stage product stream is equal to from 200 to 300% of the amount of ethane ...

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Номер записи: 21
26-12-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR LIQUID PHASE REACTIONS USING HIGH SHEAR

Номер: US20130345472A1
Автор: Anthony Rayford G., Borsinger Gregory, HASSAN Abbas, Hassan Aziz
Принадлежит: H R D Corporation

A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product, the method including feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device; feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device; using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 5 μm; introducing the dispersion into a reactor; and reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product. 1. A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product , the method comprising:(a) feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device, the high shear device comprising a shear gap;(b) feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device;(c) using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 1 μm; and(d) reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high shear device produces a local pressure of at least about 1034.2 MPa (150 claim 1 ,000 psi) at the tip of a first rotor disposed therein.3. The method of wherein the organic product comprises alkanes claim 2 , olefins claim 2 , aromatics claim 2 , or combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-based gas comprises carbon monoxide and the hydrogen-based liquid medium comprises methanol claim 1 , an ether claim 1 , or an oxide.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the organic product comprises acetic acid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises feeding hydrogen to the high shear device claim 1 , the hydrogen-based liquid medium comprises acetic acid claim 1 , and the organic product comprises ethanol.7. The method of further comprising utilizing a catalyst to promote the formation of the organic product.8 ...

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Номер записи: 22
09-01-2014 дата публикации

NATURAL GAS PROCESSING AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20140012053A1
Автор: Iyer Rahul, SCHER Erik, Takachenko Alex, Weinberger Sam
Принадлежит: SILURIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. 1. A natural gas processing system , comprising:(a) an OCM reactor system comprising at least a first reactor vessel having at least a first OCM catalyst disposed therein;(b) one or more of an extraction system for separating at least one hydrocarbon compound from at least one non-hydrocarbon compound, and a fractionation system for separating at least two different hydrocarbon compounds; and(c) an interconnected pipeline, the interconnected pipeline fluidly connecting one or more of an inlet or an outlet of the OCM reactor system to one or more of an inlet or an outlet of the one or more of the extraction system and the fractionation system.2. The processing system of claim 1 , wherein the extraction system comprises a methane rich effluent outlet claim 1 , and wherein the inlet of the OCM reactor system is fluidly coupled to the methane rich effluent outlet of the extraction system claim 1 , to convey methane rich effluent from the extraction system to the at least first reactor vessel.3. The processing system of claim 1 , wherein the fractionation system comprises one or more of a de-ethanizing unit claim 1 , a de-propanizing unit and a de-butanizing unit claim 1 , and the outlet of the OCM reactor system is fluidly coupled to an inlet of the fractionation system for transferring an OCM product to the fractionation system.4. The processing system of claim 3 , wherein the outlet of the OCM reactor system is fluidly coupled to an inlet of a de-ethanizer unit in the fractionation system for transferring an OCM product to the de-ethanizer unit.5. The processing system of claim 1 , wherein the outlet of the OCM reactor system is fluidly coupled to the inlet ...

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Номер записи: 23
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

Номер: US20140012054A1
Автор: Jindal Roshni, Smith Rodney S., Srivastava Alok, Then Chee-Keong, Yarrison Matthew B.
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to methods and equipment for converting C olefin to, e.g., one or more of di-C olefin, oligomers and polymers of C olefin, branched C-aldehydes, C-carboxylic acids, and C oxygenates. The invention encompasses producing methyl tert-butyl ether and diisobutylene, and converting methyl tert-butyl ether to isobutylene. 1. An olefin upgrading method comprising:{'sub': '3+', '(a) providing a first olefin mixture and a first process fluid, the first olefin mixture comprising ≧0.1 wt. % of C olefins based on the weight of the first olefin mixture, and the first process fluid comprising ≧10.0 wt. % alcohol based on the weight of the first process fluid;'}{'sub': 3+', '3+, '(b) reacting the first olefin mixture and the first process fluid to produce a first reaction mixture, the first reaction mixture comprising ether and di-C olefin and having a di-C olefin:ether molar ratio≧1.0;'}{'sub': 3+', '3+', '3+, "(c) separating from the first reaction mixture a second olefin mixture and a first product, wherein (A) the second olefin mixture comprises ≧0.1 wt. % of C olefins based on the weight of the second olefin mixture and (B) the first product (i) comprises at least a portion of the first reaction mixture's di-C olefin and at least a portion of the first reaction product's ether and (ii) has a di-C olefin:ether molar ratio≧1.0;"}{'sub': '3+', '(d) providing a third olefin mixture and a second process fluid, the third olefin mixture comprising ≧1.0 wt. % of C olefin based on the weight of the third olefin mixture, the third olefin mixture containing at least a portion of the second olefin mixture, and the second process fluid comprising ≧10.0 wt. % alcohol based on the weight of the second process fluid; and'}{'sub': '3+', '(e) reacting the third olefin mixture and the second process fluid to produce a second reaction mixture, the second reaction mixture comprising ether and having di-C olefin:ether molar ratio<1.0.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (i) ...

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Номер записи: 24
16-01-2014 дата публикации

NATURAL GAS PROCESSING AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20140018589A1
Автор: Harraz Hatem, Iyer Rahul, Radaelli Guido, SCHER Erik, Tkachenko Alex, Weinberger Sam
Принадлежит: SILURIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. 1. A method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C compounds) , the method comprising:{'sub': '2+', '(a) directing a feed stream comprising methane from a hydrocarbon process into an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor, wherein the OCM reactor is configured to generate C compounds from said methane, and wherein said hydrocarbon process is a non-OCM process;'}{'sub': '2+', '(b) performing one or more OCM reactions in the OCM reactor using said methane to produce a product stream comprising one or more C compounds; and'}{'sub': 2+', '2+, '(c) separating the product stream into at least a first stream and a second stream, wherein the first stream has a lower C concentration than said second stream, and wherein said second stream has a higher C concentration than said product stream.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon process is an oil refinery claim 1 , a natural gas liquids process claim 1 , or a cracker.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said first stream is directed into said OCM reactor.4. The method of claim 1 , a concentration of C compounds in said second stream is less than about 90%.5. The method of claim 4 , said concentration of C compounds in said second stream is less than about 80%.6. The method of claim 4 , said concentration of C compounds in said second stream is less than about 70%.7. The method of claim 4 , said concentration of C compounds in said second stream is less than about 60%.8. The method of claim 4 , wherein said first stream has a concentration of C compounds that is less than ...

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Номер записи: 25
16-01-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LOW-MOLECULAR OLEFINS

Номер: US20140018593A1
Автор: Bach Hermann, Birke Gerhard
Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

In the production of low-molecular olefins, in particular of ethylene and propylene, an educt stream (O) containing at least one oxygenate and an educt stream (C) containing at least one C olefin are simultaneously converted in at least one identical reactor on an identical catalyst to obtain a product mixture (P) comprising low-molecular olefins and gasoline hydrocarbons. The ratio (V) of oxygenates in the educt stream (O) to C olefins in the educt stream (C) here is 0.05 to 0.5 and is calculated according to the following formula: 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in a first separating means the product mixture (P) is separated into a mixture (H) rich in C olefins and a stream (B) containing C olefins claim 1 , that in a second separating means the stream (B) containing C olefins is separated into a stream (F) substantially containing Cfractions claim 1 , a stream (A) rich in C gasoline hydrocarbons claim 1 , and a recyling stream (R) and that the recycling stream (R) is at least partly recirculated to the at least one reactor claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio between the recycling stream (R) and the educt stream (C) containing C olefins lies between 0.1 and 1.5.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the second separating means is operated at a pressure of 4-15 bar claim 2 , and the recycling stream (R) is withdrawn as side draw claim 2 , and recirculated directly into a conduit opening into the reactor.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the educt stream (O) containing oxygenates is divided into several partial streams and each partial stream is passed onto one of at least two catalyst beds in the reactor.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein as catalyst a form-selective zeolite material is used.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the educt stream (O) containing oxygenates contains at least one alcohol.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure at the inlet of the reactor lies between 1.5 and 10 bar.8 ...

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Номер записи: 26
23-01-2014 дата публикации

INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA SOURCE WITH MULTIPLE DIELECTRIC WINDOWS AND WINDOW-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

Номер: US20140020837A1
Автор: Agarwal Ankur, BALAKRISHNA AJIT, BUCHBERGER, Carducci James D., Collins Kenneth S., Dorf Leonid, FOVELL RICHARD, JR. DOUGLAS A., KENNEY JASON A., NGUYEN ANDREW, Ramaswamy Kartik, Rauf Shahid
Принадлежит:

A plasma reactor enclosure has a metallic portion and a dielectric portion of plural dielectric windows supported on the metallic portion, each of the dielectric windows extending around an axis of symmetry. Plural concentric coil antennas are disposed on an external side of the enclosure, respective ones of the coil antennas facing respective ones of the dielectric windows. 1. A plasma reactor comprising:an enclosure having an axis of symmetry and a workpiece support within the enclosure, said workpiece support and said enclosure defining a processing region;said enclosure comprising a metallic portion and a dielectric portion comprising plural dielectric windows supported on said metallic portion, each of said dielectric windows extending around said axis of symmetry, said enclosure having a diameter greater than the diameter of at least one of said dielectric windows; andplural concentric coil antennas disposed on an external side of said enclosure, respective ones of said coil antennas facing respective ones of said dielectric windows.2. The plasma reactor of wherein:a first one of said dielectric windows comprises a disk-shaped dielectric window, said enclosure having a diameter greater than the diameter of said disk-shaped dielectric window.3. The plasma reactor of wherein:a second one of said dielectric windows comprises a cylindrical dielectric window.4. The plasma reactor of wherein said cylindrical dielectric window is below a plane of said disk-shaped dielectric window.5. The plasma reactor of wherein said metallic portion comprises:a cylindrical chamber body wall surrounding said cylindrical dielectric window;an annular top gas plate comprising a peripheral portion supported on said chamber body wall, and a central opening through said annular top gas plate, wherein said disk-shaped dielectric window comprises a circular edge portion supported on an edge of said central opening.6. The plasma reactor of wherein said disk-shaped dielectric window has a ...

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Номер записи: 27
20-02-2014 дата публикации

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERATING OXYGEN

Номер: US20140048409A1
Автор: Hilbig Rainer, Keur Wilhelmus Cornelis, Klee Mareike, Koerber Achim Gerhard Rolf
Принадлежит: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V.

The present invention relates to a method of generating oxygen. The method addresses the objects of reducing the servicing work and improving the purity of the generated oxygen. According to the invention, the method comprises the steps of: providing an oxygen comprising gas at a primary side of a dense voltage drivable membrane (); applying a voltage between a conductive element at the primary side of the membrane () and a conductive element at a secondary side of the membrane (), the conductive elements being electrically connected to the membrane (), wherein a plasma () is generated at at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the membrane (), the plasma () being used as conductive element. 1. Method of generating oxygen , said method comprising the steps of:{'b': '12', 'providing an oxygen comprising gas at a primary side of a dense voltage drivable membrane ();'}{'b': 12', '12', '12, 'claim-text': {'b': 18', '20', '12', '18', '20', '12', '12, 'a plasma (, ) is generated at at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the membrane (), the plasma (, ) being used as the conductive element at the primary side of the membrane () and/or as the conductive element at the secondary side of the membrane ().'}, 'applying a voltage between a conductive element at the primary side of the membrane () and a conductive element at a secondary side of the membrane (), the conductive elements being electrically connected to the membrane (), wherein'}2182012. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma ( claim 1 , ) is generated both at the primary side and the secondary side of the membrane ().31820. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma ( claim 1 , ) is generated to provide a charge carrier density in the range of ≦1×10.412. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane () is heated to a temperature in the range of ≧500° C. to ≦700° C.51820. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma ( claim 1 , ) is generated by applying ...

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Номер записи: 28
20-02-2014 дата публикации

LAYERED COMPLEX OXIDE, OXIDATION CATALYST AND DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER

Номер: US20140050629A1
Автор: Masuda Kouji, Munakata Fumio
Принадлежит:

Provided are a layered complex oxide that can lower PM oxidation temperature and increase oxidation rate, and a nitrogen oxides reduction catalyst, a three-way catalyst, a DPF and an oxidation catalyst, each of which includes the layered complex oxide. The layered complex oxide has a layered perovskite structure and has a composition represented by the formula: (LnA)MnO (wherein Ln is La and/or Nd, A is Sr and/or Ca, α is degree of A-site deficiency, δ is the oxygen deficit amount, and X, δ and α satisfy 0 Подробнее

Номер записи: 29
20-02-2014 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR TREATING GASES USING SURFACE PLASMA

Номер: US20140050631A1
Автор: BEDEL Laurent, JOUVE Michel
Принадлежит: Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives

A device for treating gases using surface plasma, including: 2. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second electrodes are arranged so that an inter-electrode distance is in the range between 2 and 15 mm claim 1 , advantageously between 4 and 8 mm.3. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 1 , wherein the first and second electrodes each have a width in the range between 1 mm and 10 cm claim 1 , advantageously between 3 and 5 mm.4. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic support is selected from the group comprising a wafer of dense material and a metal or ceramic foam.5. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic support appears in the form of a metal or ceramic honeycomb.6. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic support has a thickness in the range between 1 mm and 10 cm.7. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic support comprises a catalyst selected from the group comprising metal oxides claim 1 , nitrides claim 1 , metals claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.8. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 7 , wherein the metal claim 7 , the metal oxide claim 7 , or the nitride are based on a metal selected from the group comprising Pt claim 7 , Ag claim 7 , Ru claim 7 , Rh claim 7 , Cu claim 7 , Fe claim 7 , Cr claim 7 , Pd claim 7 , Zn claim 7 , Mn claim 7 , Co claim 7 , Ni. V claim 7 , Mo claim 7 , Au claim 7 , Ir claim 7 , Ce.9. The device for treating gases by means of a surface plasma of claim 1 , wherein it comprises at least two dielectric substrates claim 1 , the at least one catalytic support being positioned between two main surfaces comprising the first electrodes claim 1 , or between two main surfaces comprising the second electrodes.10 ...

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Номер записи: 30
20-02-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR METHANOL COUPLED CATALYTIC CRACKING REACTION OF NAPHTHA USING A MODIFIED ZSM-5 MOLECULAR SIEVE CATALYST

Номер: US20140051900A1
Автор: He Changqing, Li Bing, Li Mingzhi, Liu Zhongmin, Qi Yue, Sun Xinde, Wang Xiangao, Wei Yingxu, Ye Mao
Принадлежит: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The present invention provides a process for methanol coupled catalytic cracking reaction of naphtha using a modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst, comprising performing a co-feeding reaction of methanol and naphtha on the modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst to produce low carbon olefins and/or aromatic hydrocarbons. In the process, the modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst comprises, in term of weight percent, 25-80 wt % of a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 15-70 wt % of a binder, and 2.2-6.0 wt % of lanthanum and 1.0-2.8 wt % of phosphorus loaded on the ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The naphtha comprises 63.8-89.5 wt % of saturated chain alkanes and 5.6-29.8 wt % of cyclic alkanes. The naphtha and methanol concurrently pass through the catalyst bed, which are reacted during contacting with the catalyst under a reaction condition of a reaction temperature of 550-670° C., a mass ratio of methanol to naphtha of 0.05-0.8, and a total mass space velocity of naphtha and methanol of 1.0-5 h. 1. A process for methanol coupled catalytic cracking reaction of naphtha using a modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst , comprising performing a co-feeding reaction of methanol and naphtha on the modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst to produce low carbon olefins and/or aromatic hydrocarbons , wherein the modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst comprises , in term of weight percent , 25-80 wt % of a ZSM-5 molecular sieve , 15-70 wt % of a binder , and 2.2-6.0 wt % of lanthanum and 1.0-2.8 wt % of phosphorus loaded on the ZSM-5 molecular sieve.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the naphtha comprises 63.8-89.5 wt % of saturated chain alkanes and 5.6-29.8 wt % of cyclic alkanes.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the naphtha and the methanol are concurrently passed through a catalyst bed at a reaction temperature of 550-670° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of the methanol to the naphtha is 0.05-0.8.5. The process according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 31
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Plasma Polymerization for Encapsulating Particles

Номер: US20140053780A1
Автор: Ceren Susut, Richard B. Timmons
Принадлежит: University of Texas System

The present invention includes systems, methods and compositions for the encapsulation of particles. In one form, the system comprises one or more particles, a rotatable reaction chamber in a plasma enhanced chemical reactor to accept one or more particles, and at least one carbonaceous compound to be used in the rotatable reaction chamber, wherein the carbonaceous compound is polymerized onto a surface of one or more particles forming a polymer film encapsulating one or more particles. Using systems, methods, and compositions of the present invention, any particle encapsulated with a degradable or nondegradable polymer film may be introduced and/or released into an environment. The polymer film as well as introduction of encapsulated particles and release therefrom into an environment are controlled by the present invention.

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Номер записи: 32
27-02-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR TREATING LIQUIDS WITH WAVE ENERGY FROM AN ELECTRICAL ARC

Номер: US20140054241A1
Автор: Foret Todd
Принадлежит: FORET PLASMA LABS, LLC

A method for treating a liquid includes providing an apparatus: (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet, and a throat having an outlet and a central axis, (b) a tank connected to the outlet of the throat, wherein the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat, and (d) a wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that is aligned with the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis. The liquid is supplied to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head. The first electrode, second electrode or both electrodes are moved along the central axis. The liquid is irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source. 1. A method for treating a liquid comprising the steps of:providing an apparatus comprising: (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet, and a throat having an outlet and a central axis, (b) a tank connected to the outlet of the throat, wherein the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat, and (c) a wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that is aligned with the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis;supplying the liquid to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head;moving the first electrode, the second electrode or both the first and second electrodes along the central axis; andirradiating the liquid with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising the step of exposing the liquid to a catalyst.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising the step of filtering the irradiated liquid.4. The method as recited in ...

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Номер записи: 33
27-02-2014 дата публикации

LIQUID TREATING APPARATUS AND LIQUID TREATING METHOD

Номер: US20140054242A1
Автор: IMAI Shin-ichi
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A plasma-generating apparatus includes a first electrode of which at least a part is positioned within a treatment vessel that is to contain liquid, a second electrode of which at least a part is positioned within the treatment vessel, a bubble-generating part which generate a bubble when the liquid is contained in the treatment vessel, such that a surface where conductor is exposed, of a surface of the first electrode which surface is positioned within the treatment vessel, is positioned within the bubble, a gas-supplying apparatus, a power supply for applying voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. 115-. (canceled)16. A liquid-treating apparatus comprising:a first electrode of which at least a part is placed in a treatment vessel that is to contain liquid,a second electrode of which at least a part is placed in the treatment vessel,a gas-supplying apparatus which supplies gas from the outside of the treatment vessel,a bubble-generating part which supplies, into the liquid, the gas supplied by the gas-supplying apparatus and generates a bubble in the liquid when the liquid is contained in the treatment vessel, anda power supply which applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode,wherein the bubble-generating part generates the bubble such that at least surface where conductor is exposed, of a surface of the first electrode which surface is positioned in the treatment vessel, is positioned within the bubble formed of the gas supplied by the gas-supplying apparatus, andthe power supply applies power between the first electrode and the second electrode when the at least surface where the conductor is exposed, of the surface of the first electrode which surface is positioned in the treatment vessel, is positioned within the bubble, to cause plasma generation.17. The liquid-treating apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein a maximum value of the output capacity of the power supply is more than 0 W and less than 1000 W.18. ...

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Номер записи: 34
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Apparatus and method for rapidly producing synthetic gas from bio-diesel by-product using microwave plasma

Номер: US20140054504A1
Автор: Jae Goo Lee, Sang Jun Yoon, Yong Ku Kim
Принадлежит: Korea Institute of Energy Research KIER

Provided are an apparatus and a method for rapidly producing a synthetic gas from a bio-diesel byproduct using microwave plasma, in which, while a plasma flame is generated by a plasma generator and waste glycerin, a bio-diesel byproduct, as fuel, is gasified by being supplied to the generated plasma flame of high temperature, the fuel is supplied in various types to increase the contact time or the contact area with the plasma flame and thus promote gasification thereof and the contents of steam and oxygen supplied and the plasma power are controlled to increase the collection amount of combustible gas and thus allow rapid production of the synthetic gas.

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Номер записи: 35
27-02-2014 дата публикации

New Cyclopentadienyl, Indenyl or Fluorenyl Substituted Phosphine Compounds and Their Use in Catalytic Reactions

Номер: US20140058101A1
Автор: Almena Juan, Fleckenstein Christoph, Kadyrov Renat, Monsees Axel, Plenio Herbert, Riermeier Thomas
Принадлежит: EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH

The invention is directed to a phosphine compound represented by general formula (1) wherein R′ and R″ independently are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and 2-furyl radicals, or R′ and R″ are joined together to form with the phosphorous atom a carbon-phosphorous monocycle comprising at least 3 carbon atoms or a carbon-phosphorous bicycle; the alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, and carbon-phosphorous monocycle being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one radical selected from the group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, and aryloxy radicals; Cpis a partially substituted or completely substituted cyclopentadien-1-yl group, including substitutions resulting in a fused ring system, and wherein a substitution at the 1-position of the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is mandatory when the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is not part of a fused ring system or is part of an indenyl group. Also claimed is the use of these phosphines as ligands in catalytic reactions and the preparation of these phosphines. 160-. (canceled)62. The method according to claim 61 , wherein the phosphine compound or the phosphonium salt is used in combination with the transition metal as a coordination compound.63. The method according to claim 61 , wherein the preparation of the organic compound includes the formation of a C—C bond or C-heteroatom bond.64. The method according to claim 61 , wherein the transition metal is Pd and the preparation of the organic compound includes the formation of a C—C bond and a reaction selected from the group consisting of:Suzuki cross-coupling of organoboron compounds with aryl, heteroaryl or vinyl halides or pseudohalides;Stille cross-coupling of organotin compounds with carbon electrophiles comprising a halogen or pseudohalogen as leaving group;Hiyama cross-coupling of organosilanes with aryl, heteroaryl or vinyl halides or pseudohalides;Negishi cross-coupling of organozinc compounds with aryl, heteroaryl or vinyl halides or pseudohalides;Kumada cross-coupling of ...

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Номер записи: 36
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Номер: US20140058160A1
Автор: Christopher Naunheimer, Gavin P. Towler, Robert L. Bedard
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

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Номер записи: 37
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Номер: US20140058170A1
Автор: Christopher Naunheimer, Donald L. Mittendorf, Gavin P. Towler, Gregory O. Woodcock, Laura E. Leonard, Robert L. Bedard
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

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Номер записи: 38
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for the Oxidative Coupling of Hydrocarbons

Номер: US20140066677A1
Автор: Butler James R., Chinta Sivadinarayana, Hunter Joe, Rives Taylor, Thorman Joseph L.
Принадлежит: FINA TECHNOLOGY, INC.

A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane to toluene, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for the oxidative coupling of methane and to a hydrocarbon other than methane comprising:providing a hydrocarbon feedstream comprising methane and a hydrocarbon other than methane; (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, the element from (A) comprising from 40 to 90 wt % of the catalyst;', '(B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Sc, Y, La, Ac, and an element of Groups 6-15 of the periodic table, wherein the elements from (B) comprise from 0.01 to 40 wt % of the catalyst;', '(C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba, wherein the elements from (C) comprise from 0.01 to 40 wt % of the catalyst; and', '(D) oxygen, wherein oxygen comprises from 10 to 45 wt % of the catalyst;, 'providing an oxidative catalyst within a reactor, the catalyst comprisesfeeding the hydrocarbon feedstream and an oxygen source to the reactor;carrying out oxidative coupling of the methane to the hydrocarbon other than methane over the oxidative catalyst according to an oxidative coupling condition; andrecovering product hydrocarbons comprising ethylbenzene and ...

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Номер записи: 39
10-04-2014 дата публикации

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR OBTAINING AROMATICS FROM CATALYTIC CRACKING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20140100398A1
Автор: Cretoiu Mircea, Ding Zhongyi, Gentry Joseph C., JIN Weihua, Lockhart Mark, Shyamkumar Calambur, Wang Pinti
Принадлежит: GTC Technology US LLC

Methods and processes for producing paraxylene from catalytic cracking hydrocarbons, particularly Cand C streams, are disclosed. Each of the processing steps may be tailored to the overall objective of high paraxylene yield from a relative inexpensive feedstock. 1. A process for producing paraxylene from light and heavy hydrocarbons , particularly Cstream and C naphtha stream from catalytic cracking unit , said process comprising:{'sub': 5', '10+', '5+', '6', '9', '6', '9, 'a) separating Cand C from the C catalytic naphtha and separating C-Cnon-aromatics from C-Caromatics;'}{'sub': 4', '9', '4', '9, 'b) forming aromatics from C-Cnon-aromatics or a subset thereof, wherein the C-Cnon-aromatics or the subset contains olefins;'}c) removing impurities from the aromatics before they are sent to the downstream processes;{'sub': 6', '7', '6', '8', '8', '9+, 'd) separating non-aromatics in the C-Cstream or C-Cstream to yield high purity aromatics, and to separate Cand C streams; and'}e) producing a high-purity paraxylene product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein step a) includes a distillation step and an extraction step.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said extraction step is carried out by using extractive distillation method or liquid-liquid extraction method.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein step b) is carried out in a single reactor or multiple reactors that are fixed bed reactors or continuous regeneration (CCR) type reactor systems.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said C-Cnon-aromatics or the subset in step b) contains 15-85 wt % olefins.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the removing of impurities in step c) is carried out using hydrogenation claim 1 , adsorption claim 1 , absorption claim 1 , or solvent extraction claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the removing of impurities in step c) is optional.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein step d) includes a distillation step and an extraction step.9. The process of claim 8 , ...

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Номер записи: 40
10-04-2014 дата публикации

Recovery of Olefins from Para-Xylene Process

Номер: US20140100402A1
Автор: Eilands Indulis J., Gawlik Allen S., Osby Terrance C.
Принадлежит:

A process for producing para-xylene, by (a) contacting toluene with methanol in the presence of an alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce an alkylation effluent comprising xylenes and a by-product mixture comprising water, dimethyl ether and C− hydrocarbons; (b) separating the alkylation effluent into a first fraction containing xylenes and a second fraction containing the by-product mixture; (c) removing water from the second fraction to produce a dried by-product mixture; (d) fractionating the dried by-product mixture to separate the mixture into a bottoms stream containing dimethyl ether and an overhead stream containing at least some of the C- hydrocarbons; and (e) recovering ethylene and propylene from the overhead stream. 1. A process for producing para-xylene , the process comprising:{'sub': '4', '(a) contacting toluene and/or benzene with methanol in the presence of an alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce an alkylation effluent comprising xylenes and a by-product mixture comprising water, dimethyl ether and C− hydrocarbons;'}(b) separating the alkylation effluent into a first fraction containing xylenes and a second fraction containing the by-product mixture;(c) removing water from the second fraction to produce a dried by-product mixture;{'sub': '4', '(d) fractionating the dried by-product mixture to separate the mixture into a bottoms stream containing dimethyl ether and an overhead stream containing at least some of the C− hydrocarbons; and'}(e) recovering ethylene and propylene from the overhead stream.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein water is removed from said second fraction by passing the second fraction through a molecular sieve drier.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein water is removed from said second fraction by washing the second fraction with methanol.4. The process of claim 3 , further comprising passing the methanol through a molecular sieve drier prior to washing the second fraction with the methanol ...

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Номер записи: 41
01-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL NANOPOWDER BY WIRE-EXPLOSION AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Номер: US20150001191A1
Автор: Lee Sung Ho, SEO Jung Wook
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRO-MECHANICS CO., LTD.

There is provided a method for manufacturing a metal nanopowder having a uniform particle size distribution by uniformly applying current to the entirety of a metal raw material, while reducing energy usage, and an apparatus for manufacturing the same. The method includes disposing a metal foil in a reaction chamber; supplying direct current (DC) energy to the metal foil disposed in the reaction chamber; and supplying pulse energy to the metal foil to which the DC energy is supplied, thereby wire-exploding the metal foil. 1. A method for manufacturing a metal nanopowder by wire-explosion , the method comprising:disposing a metal in a reaction chamber, the metal being provided in the form of a foil (a metal foil);supplying direct current (DC) energy to the metal foil disposed in the reaction chamber; andsupplying pulse energy to the metal foil to which the DC energy is supplied, thereby wire-exploding the metal foil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal foil has a thickness of 0.001 mm to 1 mm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal foil is wound around an electrode rod claim 1 , such that the electrode rod and the metal foil are disposed together.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse energy is supplied at an interval of 0.5 to 10 seconds in a state in which the DC energy is supplied to the metal foil.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DC energy and the pulse energy are applied to the metal foil at a voltage ratio of 9:1 to 9.99:0.01.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal foil includes at least one selected from the group consisting of copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , iron claim 1 , gold claim 1 , and silver.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DC energy is supplied by applying a voltage of 0.9 kV to 90 kV to the metal foil claim 1 , andthe pulse energy is supplied by applying a voltage of 0.1 kV to 10 kV to the metal foil.8. An apparatus for manufacturing a metal nanopowder by wire-explosion claim 1 , the apparatus ...

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Номер записи: 42
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Processes and apparatuses for toluene and benzene methylation in an aromatics complex

Номер: US20200002245A1
Автор: Gregory B. KUZMANICH, Guanghui Zhu, Joseph A. Montalbano, Mitchell J. Kowalczyk, Steven A. Bradley
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene and benzene methylation in an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene and benzene methylation within an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene wherein an embodiment uses a reactor having a refractory comprising a low iron content refractory.

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Номер записи: 43
01-01-2015 дата публикации

OZONE GENERATION APPARATUS

Номер: US20150004070A1
Автор: Amemori Kiyoyuki, KUBO Kie, Makise Ryutaro, MURATA Takaaki, Noda Kazuhiko, Okita Yuji, TAKAHASHI Ryouichi
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

An ozone generation apparatus includes a cylindrical shaped first electrode, a cylindrical shaped second electrode disposed coaxially with the first electrode and disposed in the first electrode, a dielectric disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. Dry air is supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode as raw material gas. A discharge gap length d formed by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the dielectric is set to be in a range of 0.3 to 0.5 mm. A pd product, which is a product of the discharge gap length d and a gas pressure p of the raw material gas, is in a range of 6 to 16 kPa·cm. And the discharge gap length d and the gas pressure p of the raw material gas are set to satisfy following expression. 1. An ozone generation apparatus comprising:a cylindrical shaped first electrode;a cylindrical shaped second electrode disposed coaxially with the first electrode and disposed in the first electrode;a dielectric disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; anda power supply for applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode,whereindry air is supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode as raw material gas, a voltage is supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode from the power supply to generate discharge, and ozone is generated by the discharge,a discharge gap length d formed by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the dielectric is set to be in a range of 0.3 to 0.5 mm,a pd product, which is a product of the discharge gap length d and a gas pressure p of the raw material gas, is in a range of 6 to 16 kPa·m, and {'br': None, 'i': pd−', 'd−', 'd≦, 'sub': '2', '(2503.16)+15012.5'}, 'the discharge gap length p and the gas pressure p of the raw material gas are set to satisfy expression'}2. The ozone generation apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric is cylindrical shaped.3. The ozone generation apparatus according ...

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Номер записи: 44
01-01-2015 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HIGH YIELDS OF CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES

Номер: US20150004071A1
Автор: Frink Bentley D., Frink Kevin M.
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for producing high yields of carbon nanostructures is disclosed. The apparatus includes an electric arc furnace and a feeder that directs solid carbon dioxide into an electrical arc generated by the electric arc furnace. Carbon nanostructures are produced within the electrical arc without producing magnesium oxide (MgO). 1. An apparatus for producing high yields of carbon nanostructures without forming magnesium oxide (MgO) comprising:an electric arc furnace; anda feeder that directs solid carbon dioxide into an electrical arc generated by the electric arc furnace.2. The apparatus of wherein the electric arc furnace has an arc gap between about around 1 centimeter (cm) and around about 10 cm.3. The apparatus of wherein the electric arc furnace has an arc gap between around about 10 cm and around about 20 cm.4. The apparatus of wherein the electric arc furnace has an arc gap between around about 20 cm and around about 100 cm.5. The apparatus of wherein the electric arc furnace has an arc gap greater than around about 100 cm.6. The apparatus of wherein the electric arc furnace is configured to generate an electrical arc on the order of tens of amperes.7. The apparatus of wherein the electric arc furnace is configured to generate an electrical arc on the order of hundreds of amperes.8. The apparatus of wherein the electric arc furnace is configured to generate an electrical arc on the order of thousands of amperes.9. The apparatus of further including a graphite electrode that has a diameter that is between around about 100 mm to around about 800 mm.10. The apparatus of wherein the feeder is sized to feed solid carbon dioxide blocks.11. The apparatus of wherein the feeder is a conduit for conveying solid carbon dioxide pellets into the electrical arc generated by the electric arc furnace.12. The apparatus of further including a drive mechanism that urges solid carbon dioxide through the feeder.13. The apparatus of further including a control system for ...

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Номер записи: 45
12-01-2017 дата публикации

HYBRID FUEL AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20170009165A1
Автор: Goerz, JR. David J.
Принадлежит:

A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same are disclosed. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages. 1. A hybrid fuel prepared from a process that comprises:introducing a first reactant to a reactor, wherein the first reactant comprises one or more light gases;exposing the first reactant to non-thermal plasma under conditions sufficient to reform the first reactant to form syngas and to generate free radicals and energetic electrons;introducing a first liquid feed fuel to the reactor; andintimately contacting the reaction products from the exposure of the first reactant to non-thermal plasma with the first liquid feed fuel in the reactor to produce a modified liquid fuel.2. The hybrid fuel of claim 1 , wherein the first reactant further comprises a second liquid fuel feed.3. A hybrid fuel comprising:a first fuel product; anda second fuel product, whereinthe first fuel product comprises a biofuel emulsion; andthe second fuel product comprises a fuel prepared from one or more light gases combined with a liquid fuel feed; and whereinthe hybrid fuel comprises at least about 20% by weight of the first fuel product.4. The hybrid fuel of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid fuel comprises about 20% by weight of the first fuel product and about 80% by weight of the second fuel product.5. The hybrid fuel of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid fuel comprises up to about 20% water.6. The hybrid fuel of claim 4 , wherein the pour point of the hybrid fuel is about −25° C. to about −35° C.7. The hybrid fuel of claim 4 , wherein the pour point of the hybrid fuel is ...

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Номер записи: 46
19-01-2017 дата публикации

METHANE CONVERSION APPARATUS AND PROCESS USING A SUPERSONIC FLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20170015606A1
Автор: Bedard Robert L., Dudebout Rodolphe, Leonard Laura E., Mittendorf Donald L., Naunheimer Christopher, Towler Gavin P., Woodcock Gregory O.
Принадлежит:

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. 1. A method for producing acetylene comprising:introducing a fuel stream into a combustion zone of a supersonic reactor;combusting the fuel stream to provide a high temperature carrier stream traveling at a supersonic speed;introducing a feed stream portion of a hydrocarbon stream comprising methane into the supersonic reactor;mixing the feed stream portion with the carrier stream to form a reactor stream;expanding the reactor stream to reduce the speed and increase the temperature of the reactor stream to a pyrolysis temperature to pyrolyze the stream;maintaining pressure inside the reactor shell by providing an outer shell of at least a portion of the reactor shell; andrestricting deterioration of the reactor shell due to operating conditions by providing an inner shell having a thermal conductivity of between about 200 and about 500 W/m-K inside at least a portion of the outer shell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner shell comprises a casting.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner shell comprises at least one of copper and a copper alloy.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner shell comprises a material selected from the group consisting of copper chrome claim 1 , copper chrome zinc claim 1 , copper chrome niobium claim 1 , copper nickel and copper nickel tungsten.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner shell is spaced from the outer shell; and pressurizing a pressure zone between the inner shell and the outer shell to maintain the pressure in the pressure zone at a pressure about the same as a reactor chamber pressure.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner shell is spaced from the outer shell; and passing a coolant ...

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Номер записи: 47
21-01-2016 дата публикации

MACHINE AND METHOD FOR ACTIVATED WATER

Номер: US20160016142A1
Автор: Rothschild Aaron
Принадлежит:

The present invention generally concerns a machine that creates and infuses charged air products into a flowing water system, where a plasma discharge is not in direct contact with the flowing water but is separated from the plasma by a void volume space. The resulting activated water may be used as an industrial wash, antibacterial wash, a medicinal drink, or can be used in agriculture, e.g. for irrigation of crops or for plant or seed treatment.

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Номер записи: 48
21-01-2016 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING Si-BASED NANO-PARTICLES USING PLASMA

Номер: US20160016143A1
Автор: JANG Bo-Yun, KIM Joon-Soo, KOO Jeong-Boon, Lee Jin-Seok
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for manufacturing silicon-based nanoparticles such as Si—C composite and SiOx using plasmas. An apparatus for manufacturing silicon-based nanoparticles in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a reaction chamber for providing a reaction space; a plasma torch for generating plasma to decompose silicon (Si) precursors and produce Si particles, provided on an upper portion of the reaction chamber; a cooling part for cooling Si particles supplied into the reaction chamber, provided within the reaction chamber; and a carbon material supplying part for supplying carbonaceous materials or carbon precursors into the reaction chamber.

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Номер записи: 49
21-01-2016 дата публикации

Control of Feedstock During Gas Production

Номер: US20160016144A1
Автор: Santilli Ermanno
Принадлежит:

A system for producing a gas includes a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock and at least one set of electrodes in which an electric arc is formed between the electrodes. The system includes a mechanism for passing of the feedstock through a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into a gas. The system has a way to controlling the electric arc by, for example, a controller adjusting the position of the electrodes of the arc and/or voltage applied to those electrodes. The system collects the gas and during the production of the gas, the system measures at least one of a conductance of the feedstock and a viscosity of the feedstock and, based on this/these measurements, the system introduces a material into the pressure vessel such as fresh feedstock, a solvent, tap water, distilled water, etc.

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Номер записи: 50
18-01-2018 дата публикации

Treatment of Aromatic Alkylation Feedstock

Номер: US20180016207A1
Автор: Indulis J. Eilands, John R. Porter, Larry L. Iaccino, Robert G. TINGER
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

In a process and system for treatment of feed stocks comprising alkylating agent and metal salts, the metal salts are removed from the feedstock by an efficient combination of separations processes. The processes may take place in one or more stages, each stage taking place in one or more vessels. Such treatment processes may remove 99.9% or more of metal salts from a feedstock, while recovering 99.9% or more of the alkylating agent from the feedstock for use in an alkylation reaction, especially of aromatics such as toluene and benzene. Preferred alkylating agents include methanol and mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, for methylation of toluene and/or benzene. The methylation proceeds over an aluminosilicate catalyst and preferably yields para-xylene with 75% or greater selectivity.

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Номер записи: 51
21-01-2016 дата публикации

Gas Production from an Oil Feedstock

Номер: US20160017247A1
Автор: Conz Richard, Lynch Christopher, Marton Scott, Rodriguez Mike
Принадлежит:

A system for producing a gas includes a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock that is oil-based and at least one set of electrodes in which an electric arc is formed between the electrodes. The system includes a mechanism for exposing the feedstock to a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into a gas. The gas comprises from 50-60% hydrogen, from 9-16% ethane, from 8-12% carbon monoxide, from 5-12% ethylene, from 3-8% methane, from 2-3% other trace gases, and from 1-2% carbon dioxide (all % Vol/Vol). 1. A system for producing a gas , the system comprising:a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock comprising oil and at least one set of electrodes;an electric arc formed between the electrodes;means for exposing the feedstock to a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into the gas;means for controlling the electric arc;means for collecting the gas; andmeans for replenishing the feedstock within the pressure vessel.2. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is vegetable oil.3. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is animal oil.4. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used vegetable oil.5. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used animal oil.6. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is petroleum-based oil.7. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used petroleum-based oil.8. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used motor oil.9. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the gas comprises:from 50-60% hydrogen by % Vol/Vol;from 9-16% ethane by % Vol/Vol;from 8-12% carbon monoxide by % Vol/Vol;from 5-12% ethylene by % Vol/Vol,from 3-8% methane by % Vol/Vol; andfrom 1-2% carbon dioxide by % Vol/Vol.10. A gas produced by passing exposing an oil to a plasma of an electric arc claim ...

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Номер записи: 52
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Method of producing sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide fine particles

Номер: US20190016605A1
Автор: Akihiro Kinoshita, Shiori Sueyasu
Принадлежит: Nisshin Engineering Co Ltd

The present invention provides a method for producing substoichiometric titanium oxide fine particles, in which the degree of oxidation/reduction of substoichiometric titanium oxide fine particles can be adjusted and which can produce high purity nano-sized substoichiometric titanium oxide fine particles by dispersing substoichiometric titanium oxide (TiOx) fine particles, and especially titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), in a liquid substance containing a carbon source, adding water so as to form a slurry, forming the slurry into liquid droplets, supplying the liquid droplets to a hot plasma flame that does not contain oxygen, reacting titanium dioxide with carbon in a substance generated by the hot plasma flame so as to produce substoichiometric titanium oxide, and rapidly cooling the produced substoichiometric titanium oxide so as to produce substoichiometric titanium oxide fine particles.

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Номер записи: 53
17-01-2019 дата публикации

SYMMETRICAL CCC-NHC PINCER METAL COMPLEXES AND SYMMETRICAL BIMETALLIC COMPLEXES: BIO-ACTIVITY, AND APPLICATIONS TO ORGANIC TRANSFORMATIONS AND ENERGY-RELATED CATALYTIC METHODS

Номер: US20190016741A1
Автор: Delcamp Jared H., Hollis Thedford Keith, Webster Charles Edwin
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are a symmetrical pincer metal and bimetallic complexes. The symmetrical pincer metal complex includes a structure according to Formula I: 2. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is a positively charged ligand.3. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is a negatively charged ligand.4. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is selected from the group consisting of monodentate claim 1 , bidentate claim 1 , and tridentate ligands.5. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is selected from the group consisting of halogen claim 1 , alkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , biaryl claim 1 , substituted aryl claim 1 , aryloxy claim 1 , acetate claim 1 , trifluoroacetate claim 1 , and alkoxy.6. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is a halogen.7. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 6 , wherein the alkyl is selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 6 , ethyl claim 6 , propyl claim 6 , butyl claim 6 , pentyl claim 6 , and hexyl.8. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 6 , wherein the substituted aryl is a fluoro substituted aryl.9. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl of R is selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , propyl claim 1 , butyl claim 1 , pentyl claim 1 , and hexyl.10. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of a transitional metal claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , and Re.11. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 10 , wherein M is Ni.13. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 10 , wherein M is Pt.15. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 10 , wherein M is Pd.18. The symmetrical ...

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Номер записи: 54
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Methods, Materials and Techniques for Precious Metal Recovery

Номер: US20190017145A1
Автор: Doostmohammadi Mohammad, Grewal Ishwinder Singh, Jafari Hanif, Nelson Duane
Принадлежит:

Materials and methods for precious metal recovery are disclosed. Usable leaching solutions are preferably aqueous based and include appropriate materials in sufficient quantities to solubilize and stabilize precious metal. Such materials typically include oxidant material. Some or all of the oxidant material can be, in some instances, generated in-situ. The leaching solution is typically contacted with a substrate having a target precious metal, thereby solubilizing precious metal to form a stable, pregnant solution. The precious metal can then be recovered from the pregnant solution. In some instances, components of the leaching solution can be regenerated and reused in subsequent leaching. 1. A method for generating an aqueous-based leaching solution for precious metal , the method comprising:combining iodide salt material, carboxylic acid material, and water in an agitated tank, thereby producing a first mixture;passing the first mixture through an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell including conductive diamond electrodes;measuring an oxidation reduction potential of the first mixture exiting the electrochemical cell; andcontinuing to pass the first mixture through the electrochemical cell until the oxidation reduction potential is at least 540 mV SHE (standard hydrogen electrode).2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding iodate material to the agitated tank.3. The method according to claim 2 , the iodate material being one of sodium iodate and potassium iodate.4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising:adding chlorite salt material to the agitated tank.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding chlorite salt material to the agitated tank.6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding chloride salt material or bromide salt material to the agitated tank.7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding boric acid material to the agitated tank.8. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 55
16-01-2020 дата публикации

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR NATURAL GAS PROCESSES

Номер: US20200017423A1
Автор: Cizeron Joel M., Freer Erik M., Haroun Yacine, Schammel Wayne P., Tanur Adrienne, Usen Ndifreke Ini
Принадлежит:

Catalysts and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts and methods are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. 1. A catalyst comprising the following formula (IA):{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'v', 'w', 'z, 'ABCDO\u2003\u2003 (IA)'}wherein:A is a lanthanide or group 4 element;B is a group 2 element;C is a group 13 element;D is a lanthanide element;O is oxygen;v and w are independently numbers greater than 0;{'sub': x', 'y', 'v', 'w', 'z, 'x, y and z are independently numbers greater than 0, and v, w, x, y and z are selected such that ABCDOhas an overall charge of 0.'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein A is a lanthanide.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein A is lanthanum claim 2 , cerium claim 2 , praseodymium or neodymium.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein A is a Group 4 element.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein A is titanium claim 4 , zirconium or hafnium.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein B is magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , strontium or barium.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein A is lanthanum and B is strontium claim 1 , A is cerium and B is barium claim 1 , A is praseodymium and B is barium claim 1 , A is cerium and B is strontium claim 1 , A is titanium and B is barium claim 1 , A is titanium and B is strontium or A is titanium and B is calcium.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein C is aluminum claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , indium or thallium.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein D is lanthanum claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , gadolinium or ytterbium.10. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein:A is titanium, zirconium or cerium;B is calcium, strontium or barium;C is aluminum, gallium or indium; andD is lanthanum, neodymium; gadolinium or ytterbium.11. The catalyst of claim 1 , comprising one of the following formulas: CeBaInNdO; TiCaInLaO; TiCaInNdO; TiCaInGdO; TiCaInYbO; ZrCaInLaO; ZrCaInNdO; ZrCaInGdO; ZrCaInYbO; CeCaInLaO; ZrCaInNdO; ZrCaInGdO; ZrCaInYbO; TiSrInLaO; TiSrInNdO; TiSrInGdO; TiSrInYbO; ...

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Номер записи: 56
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Use of Light Gas By-Products in the Production of Paraxylene by the Methylation of Toluene and or Benzene

Номер: US20200017425A1
Автор: Detjen Todd E, Tinger Robert G.
Принадлежит:

A process for producing paraxylene by the catalytic alkylation of benzene and/or toluene with methanol, which produces a para-rich mixture of xylene isomers, together with water and some light organic by-products, particularly dimethyl ether and C− olefins. The off-gas stream, containing the C olefins, may be recycled back to the reaction to be co-injected with methanol to reduce the methanol self-decomposition and the reaction of methanol to olefins or to fluidize catalyst particles recovered by a reactor cyclone. By using recycled off-gas rather than water or steam, the deleterious effects of water and/or steam on the catalyst aging and activity rates and the size of downstream equipment necessary to recover olefin by-products may be reduced. 1. A process for the alkylation of toluene and/or benzene to produce paraxylene (PX) comprising contact of said toluene and/or benzene with an alkylating agent selected from methanol , dimethyl ether , and mixtures thereof , in the presence of an alkylation catalyst in a fluidized bed alkylation reactor under conditions effective to produce an alkylation effluent comprising PX and olefins , wherein the alkylation effluent is separated into a stream comprising PX and a light gas stream comprising olefins , the improvement comprising recycling at least a portion of the light gas stream , including olefins , to the alkylation reactor for injection with alkylating agent , fluidizing particles of the alkylation catalyst recovered from the alkylation effluent , or both.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the light gas stream further comprises oxygenates claim 1 , unreacted alkylating agent claim 1 , and contaminants claim 1 , and is treated to remove at least one of the oxygenates claim 1 , alkylating agent claim 1 , and contaminants prior to recycling the light gas stream to the alkylation reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkylating agent is methanol.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the methanol and recycled ...

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Номер записи: 57
18-01-2018 дата публикации

PLASMA EQUIPMENT FOR TREATING POWDER

Номер: US20180019105A1
Автор: Jeong Hyun Young, Jung Yong Ho, Seok Dong Chan
Принадлежит:

A powder plasma processing apparatus is disclosed. The powder plasma processing apparatus is a powder plasma processing apparatus of a circular surface discharge plasma module, and the apparatus includes a plate-like electrode layer serving as an external surface of the circular surface discharge plasma module, an insulating layer disposed on an internal surface of the plate-like electrode layer, and a plasma generating electrode disposed on the insulating layer, wherein the circular surface discharge plasma module rotates, an alternating voltage is applied to the plasma generating electrode and the plate-like electrode layer to generate plasma around the plasma generating electrode, and a powder for plasma processing is processed by the plasma within the circular surface discharge plasma module. 17-. (canceled)8. A method of processing a powder using a powder surface processing apparatus of a rotary cylindrical surface discharge plasma module: a plate-like electrode layer serving as an external surface of the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module;', 'an insulating layer disposed on an internal surface of the plate-like electrode layer; and', 'a plurality of plasma generating electrodes in the form of a bar which are disposed on the insulating layer at intervals,', 'wherein the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module is configured to rotate and the plate-like electrode layer, insulating layer, and plurality of plasma generating electrodes are configured to rotate with the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module, the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module is configured to apply an alternating voltage to the plurality of plasma generating electrodes and the plate-like electrode layer to generate plasma around the plurality of plasma generating electrodes, and the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module is configured to position a powder on the plasma generating electrodes and treat the surface of the powder by the generated plasma,', 'wherein ...

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Номер записи: 58
22-01-2015 дата публикации

Continuously Producing Digital Micro-Scale Patterns On A Thin Polymer Film

Номер: US20150021161A1
Автор: Johnson David Mathew, Paschkewitz John Steven, Volkel Armin R.
Принадлежит:

A liquid thin film is disposed on a conveyor surface (e.g., a roller or belt) that moves the thin film into a precisely controlled gap (or nip) region in which the liquid thin film is subjected to an electric field that causes the liquid to undergo Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterning deformation, whereby portions of the liquid thin film form patterned liquid features having a micro-scale patterned shape. A curing mechanism (e.g., a UV laser) is used to solidify (e.g., in the case of polymer thin films, cross-link) the patterned liquid inside or immediately after exiting the gap region. The patterned structures are either connected by an intervening web as part of a polymer sheet, or separated into discreet micro-scale structures. Nanostructures (e.g., nanotubes or nanowires) disposed in the polymer become vertically oriented during the EHD patterning process. Segmented electrodes and patterned charges are utilized to provide digital patterning control. 1. A method for continuously producing a plurality of micro-scale patterned structures , the method comprising:disposing a liquid thin film on a first surface;moving the first surface such that the liquid thin film passes through a gap region defined between the first surface and an opposing second surface;generating an electric field in the gap region such that the liquid thin film undergoes Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterning deformation during passage through the gap region, whereby portions of the liquid thin film form a plurality of patterned liquid features having a micro-scale patterned shape; andsolidifying the plurality of patterned liquid features such that each of the plurality of patterned liquid features forms an associated solid micro-scale patterned structure having said micro-scale patterned shape.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein disposing the liquid thin film comprises depositing a liquid polymer on a conveyor using one of a slot coating system claim 1 , a slot die coating system claim 1 , a slide ...

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Номер записи: 59
22-01-2015 дата публикации

OZONE-GENERATING SYSTEM AND OZONE GENERATION METHOD

Номер: US20150021162A1
Автор: Esaki Norimitsu, INANAGA Yasutaka, NAKATANI Hajime, ODAI Yoshiaki, WADA Noboru
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

A system including: an ozone generating device including discharge electrodes forming a discharge space; a gas supplying device; a power source device that supplies power to the discharge electrodes; a temperature adjustment device that adjusts temperature of the discharge electrodes; a control unit that controls the ozone generating device; and a detection unit that detects an ozone generation parameter in the ozone generating device. The control unit increases temperature of the discharge electrodes up to a vaporizing temperature of dinitrogen pentoxide by controlling the temperature adjustment device and the gas supplying device or the temperature adjustment device and the power source device, based on the output ozone generation parameter, to thereby switch operation from a normal operation mode to a cleaning operation mode in which surfaces of the discharge electrodes and the discharge space are cleaned up while continuing generation of ozone in the discharge space. 110-. (canceled)11. An ozone generating system , comprising:an ozone generating device including discharge electrodes that are arranged opposite to each other to thereby form a discharge space;a gas supplying device that supplies an oxygen-containing gas as a source gas for generating ozone to the discharge space;a power source device that supplies power for discharging to the discharge electrodes;a temperature adjustment device that adjusts a temperature of the discharge electrodes;a control unit that controls the gas supplying device, the power source device and the temperature adjustment device, to thereby control an operation of the ozone generating device; anda detection unit that detects an ozone generation parameter in the ozone generating device;wherein, the control unit causes the temperature of the discharge electrodes to increase up to a vaporizing temperature of dinitrogen pentoxide by controlling the temperature adjustment device and the gas supplying device or the temperature ...

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Номер записи: 60
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN MICROORGANISMS

Номер: US20160023183A1
Автор: LEVIN Tamar
Принадлежит: ORTERON (T.O) LTD.

The present invention discloses a method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism. The aforementioned method comprises steps of: (a) providing a system for administering modified plasma; (b) providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and (c) administering the generated modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said substrate hosting said at least one microorganism to provide said at least one biological effect to said at least one microorganism. The present invention further provides a system thereof. 1. A method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism , wherein said method comprises steps of: i. a non-thermal plasma (NTP) emitting source for emitting a NTP beam;', 'ii. a plasma coupling mechanism (PCM), said PCM comprises a plasma beam dish having at least one opening for the passage of said NTP beam; said plasma beam dish having a first surface and a second opposite surface; said first surface of said plasma beam dish is mounted with at least one coupling element selected from a group consisting of: 1. at least one ferroelectric element for providing a ferroelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 2. at least one ferromagnetic element for providing a ferromagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 3. at least one piezoelectric element for providing a piezoelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; and 4. at least one piezomagnetic element for providing a piezomagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; said system additionally comprises at least one reflecting element configured to focus said NTP beam thereby generating modified plasma beam;, 'a. providing a system for administering modified plasma, said system comprisesb. providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and,c. administering said modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said at least one microorganism hosted in ...

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Номер записи: 61
26-01-2017 дата публикации

SIMULTANEOUS ON-SITE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES FROM AIR AND WATER IN A LOW POWER FLOWING LIQUID FILM PLASMA DISCHARGE FOR USE IN AGRICULTURE

Номер: US20170021326A1
Автор: LOCKE Bruce R., WANDELL Robert
Принадлежит:

A reactor system that includes a single reactor or a plurality of parallel reactors. A method that includes injecting a mixture including liquid water and a gas, into at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary tube of a continuously-flowing plasma reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region on one or more internal walls of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor with a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region; propagating a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region from at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary to an electrically-conductive outlet capillary tube at an opposing end of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor; dissociating the liquid water in the plasma discharge to form a plurality of dissociation products; producing hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from the plurality of dissociation products. 1. A method comprising:injecting a mixture comprising liquid water and a gas,into at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary tube of a continuously-flowing plasma reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region on one or more internal walls of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor with a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region;propagating a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region from at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary to an electrically-conductive outlet capillary tube at an opposing end of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor;dissociating the liquid water in the plasma discharge to form a plurality of dissociation products;producing hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from the plurality of dissociation products;dissolving the hydrogen peroxide and the nitrogen oxides into the flowing liquid film region; andrecovering at least a portion of the hydrogen peroxide and the nitrogen oxides from the electrically conductive outlet capillary.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen oxides and the hydrogen peroxide dissolved ...

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Номер записи: 62
28-01-2016 дата публикации

Process and Catalyst for Methane Conversion to Aromatics

Номер: US20160023962A1
Автор: Henao Juan D., Keusenkothen Paul F., PATIL ABHIMANYU O.
Принадлежит:

A process and catalyst for use therein for the production of aromatics via the oxidative coupling of methane and methane co-aromatization with higher hydrocarbons in a single reaction stage. First, methane is partially converted to ethane and ethylene on an OCM catalyst component, and the OCM intermediate mixture containing methane, ethane and ethylene is subsequently converted into aromatics on an aromatization catalyst component. The reaction may be conducted at 550-850° C. and at about 50 psig. The claimed process and catalyst used therein achieves high methane conversion at lower temperatures (less than 800° C.), higher methane conversion into the aromatic products and significant reductions in production cost when compared to the traditional two (or more) step processes. 1. A process for producing aromatics , the process comprising:a. providing a feed comprising methane and an oxidant;b. contacting the feed with a catalyst comprising an oxidative coupling of methane (“OCM”) component and an aromatization component under conditions, including a temperature of about 600-800° C., effective to convert at least part of the methane in the feed to a product comprising at least 7 wt. % of aromatics, based on the weight of the product, wherein the OCM catalyst component and aromatization catalyst component are contained within a single reactor, wherein the OCM catalyst component comprises at least one alkaline/rare earth metal oxide, wherein the aromatization catalyst component comprises at least one molecular sieve and at least one dehydrogenation component; andc. separating at least part of the aromatics from the product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the OCM catalyst component and the aromatization catalyst component are physically mixed within the reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein multiple layers of OCM catalyst component are alternated with multiple layers of aromatization catalyst component claim 1 , forming a stacked bed of catalyst within the ...

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Номер записи: 63
26-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS

Номер: US20170022121A1
Автор: Abbott Peter Edward James
Принадлежит:

A process for producing a methane-containing gas mixture includes the steps of: 112-. (canceled)13. A process for producing a methane-containing gas mixture comprising the steps of:(i) passing a first feed gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide through a bed of methanation catalyst to react a portion of the hydrogen with at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and form a methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen,(ii) adding an oxygen-containing gas to the methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen to form a second feed gas mixture, and(iii) passing the second feed gas mixture through a bed of a selective oxidation catalyst at an inlet temperature in the range 150 to 350° C. to selectively react the residual hydrogen and oxygen to form a hydrogen depleted methane-containing gas mixture.14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the hydrogen concentration in the first feed gas mixture is ≦20% by volume.15. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the first feed gas mixture is a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen claim 13 , carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.16. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the first feed gas mixture is a prepared by mixing a hydrogen-containing gas mixture with a carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture.17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the hydrogen-containing gas mixture is a methane-containing gas mixture.18. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the first feed gas mixture or hydrogen-containing gas mixture and/or the carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture are subjected to a desulphurisation step prior to the methanation step.19. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the methanation catalyst is a ruthenium- or nickel-containing methanation catalyst.20. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the methanation catalyst is operated at an inlet temperature in the range 200 to 350° C.21. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the temperature of the methane ...

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Номер записи: 64
10-02-2022 дата публикации

Device And Method For Improving Specific Energy Requirement Of Plasma Pyrolyzing Or Reforming Systems

Номер: US20220040656A1
Автор: Bromberg Leslie, Owen Jorj Ian, Tran Kim-Chinh, Whitlow Jonathan
Принадлежит:

Devices and methods for reducing the specific energy required to reform or pyrolyze reactants in plasmas operating at high flow rates and high pressures are presented. These systems and methods include 1) introducing electrons and/or easily ionized materials to a plasma reactor, 2) increasing turbulence and swirl velocity of the flows of feed gases to have improved mixing in a plasma reactor, and 3) reducing slippage from a plasma reactor system. Such plasma systems may allow plasma reactors to operate at lower temperatures, higher pressure, with improved plasma ignition, increased throughput and improved energy efficiency. In preferred embodiments, the plasma reactors are used to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon, or carbon monoxide through reforming and pyrolysis reactions. Preferred feedstocks include methane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons. 1. A plasma reactor system for the conversion of one or more reactants into products , comprising:a catalyzing or seeding unit;a tornado inlet unit having a tornado chamber inlet;a plasma reactor;and a second stage reactor unit;wherein a first portion of reactants enters the catalyzing or seeding unit, wherein the catalyzing or seeding unit introduces a flow of electrons, easily ionizable materials, or both electrons and easily ionizable materials into the first portion of reactants;wherein an output of the catalyzing or seeding unit is in communication with the tornado inlet unit;wherein a second portion of reactants enter the tornado inlet unit via the tornado chamber inlet, wherein an outlet of the tornado inlet unit is in communication with the plasma reactor;wherein the plasma reactor increases the temperature of the first portion of reactants and the second portion of reactants;wherein the first portion of reactants and the second portion of reactants are converted into a product within the plasma reactor, the second stage reactor unit, or both the plasma reactor and the second stage ...

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Номер записи: 65
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Method for Providing a Co-Feed in the Coupling of Toluene with a Carbon Source

Номер: US20140107384A1
Автор: James R. Butler, Joseph E. Pelati, Sivadinarayana Chinta
Принадлежит: Fina Technology Inc

A process for making styrene is disclosed that includes reacting toluene with a C 1 source and a co-feed in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to form a first product stream comprising styrene, ethylbenzene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen; separating the hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the first product stream to form a second stream; separating the hydrogen from the second stream to form a third stream comprising hydrogen and a fourth stream comprising carbon monoxide; wherein the fourth stream is recycled to the reactor and forms at least a portion of the co-feed.

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Номер записи: 66
17-04-2014 дата публикации

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20140107385A1
Автор: Ajinkya Milind, Cizeron Joel M., Edwards Justin Dwight, McCarty Jon, McCormick Jarod, Schammel Wayne P., Scher Erick C., Sheridan Dave, Weinberger Sam, Wolfenbarger Julian
Принадлежит: SILURIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions. 1168-. (canceled)169. A system for providing hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms (“C hydrocarbons”) from methane , the system comprising:an inlet configured to receive a methane source and an inlet configured to receive an oxidant coupled to at least one vessel, the at least one vessel having a catalyst bed disposed therein, the catalyst bed including at least one oxidative coupling of methane (“OCM”) catalyst;an inlet zone defined by the portion of the catalyst bed initially contacted by a bulk gas mixture formed by the methane source and the oxidant received by the at least one vessel; [ a temperature of the inlet zone being less than about 600° C.; and', 'a temperature at any point within the catalyst bed being less than about 950° C. and, 'maintains a thermal profile across the catalyst bed during an OCM reaction, the thermal profile characterized by, 'maintains a pressure at any point within the at least one vessel of less than 100 psig; and', {'sub': '2+', 'maintains an OCM reaction within the catalyst bed, the OCM reaction having a methane conversion of at least about 6% and a C hydrocarbon selectivity of at least 40%.'}], 'a control system operably coupled to the at least one vessel, wherein the control system170. The system of wherein the catalyst bed comprises at least one nanowire catalyst having at least one physical ...

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Номер записи: 67
25-01-2018 дата публикации

CARBON BLACK GENERATING SYSTEM

Номер: US20180022925A1
Автор: Hanson Robert J., HARDMAN Ned J., JOHNSON Peter L., TAYLOR Roscoe W.
Принадлежит: MONOLITH MATERIALS, INC.

Apparatus and process for the continuous production of carbon black or carbon containing compounds. The process is performed by converting a carbon containing feedstock, including generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, accelerating the plasma gas through a nozzle, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area where feedstock is injected under conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, including intense rapid mixing between the plasma gas and feedstock occurs. There is no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma chamber, and the reaction zone does not immediately come into contact with any contact surfaces. The products of reaction are cooled, and the carbon black or carbon containing compounds are separated from the other reaction products. 1. An enclosed particle generating reactor comprising a plasma generating section containing one or more sets of plasma generating electrodes , connected to a reactor section containing hydrocarbon injectors , the interior dimension of the reactor section being reduced by at least 10% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes , and the hydrocarbon injectors being either at the point of maximum reactor size reduction or further downstream from the plasma generating electrodes.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the interior dimension of the reactor section is reduced by at least 20% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the interior dimension of the reactor section is reduced by at least 30% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the interior dimension of the reactor section is reduced by at least 40% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes5. The reactor of claim 1 , additionally containing one or more of a heat exchanger connected to the reactor claim 1 , a filter connected to the heat exchanger claim 1 , a degas ...

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Номер записи: 68
10-02-2022 дата публикации

LITHIUM ALKYL ALUMINATES AS ALKYL TRANSFER REAGENTS

Номер: US20220041631A1
Автор: HERRITSCH Susanne, SUNDERMEYER Joerg
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to lithium alkyl aluminates according to the general formula Li[AlR] and to a method for preparing same, starting from LiAlHand RLi in an aprotic solvent. The invention also relates to compounds according to the general formula Li[AlR] which can be obtained using the claimed method, and to the use thereof. The invention also relates to the use of a lithium alkyl aluminate Li[AlR] as a transfer reagent for transferring at least one radical R to an element halide or metal halide and to a method for transferring at least one radical R to a compound E(X)for preparing a compound according to the general formula E(X)R, where E=aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, zinc, cadmium, mercury, or phosphorus, X=halogen, q=2, 3 or 4, and p=1, 2, 3 or 4. The invention also relates to compounds which can be obtained using such a method, to the use thereof, and to a substrate which has an aluminium layer or a layer containing aluminium on one surface. 114-. (canceled)15. A method for preparing lithium alkyl aluminates according to the general formula{'br': None, 'sub': '4', 'Li[AlR]\u2003\u2003(I)'}wherein{'sup': A', 'B, 'sub': '3', 'R is selected from the group consisting of a (C1-C10) alkyl radical, a partially or fully halogenated (C1-C10) alkyl radical, a (trialkylsilyl) alkyl radical R—Si(R), a benzyl radical, a partially or fully substituted benzyl radical, a mononuclear or polynuclear arene, a partially or fully substituted mononuclear or polynuclear arene, a mononuclear or polynuclear heteroarene and a partially or fully substituted mononuclear or polynuclear heteroarene,'} [{'sup': 'A', 'Ris selected from the group consisting of a (C1-C6) alkylene radical and a partially or fully halogenated (C1-C6) alkylene radical,'}, {'sup': B', 'E, 'Rradicals are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of a (C1-C10) alkyl radical, a partially or fully halogenated (C1-C10) alkyl radical and an O—Ralkyl ...

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Номер записи: 69
24-01-2019 дата публикации

PARTICLE INCLUDING ATOMIC-SCALE CHANNEL, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND CATALYST INCLUDING THE SAME

Номер: US20190023992A1
Автор: Jeong Hyung Mo, KANG Jeung Ku, KIM Beom-Sik, Kwon Youngkook
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a particle including at least one atomic-scale channel formed on a surface of the particle or on a surface and inside of the particle; a catalyst including the particle, particularly a catalyst for efficient and selective electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into high value-added C fuel; and a method of preparing the particle. 1. A particle , comprising at least one atomic-scale channel ,the at least one atomic-scale channel being formed on a surface of the particle, or on a surface and inside of the particle.2. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein a width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is less than 1 nm.3. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein an inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle includes a reduced metal.4. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein a surface between the channels comprised in the particle includes the reduced metal.5. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is 7 Å or less.6. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is from 5 Å to 6 Å.7. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle is formed by a process including electrochemical lithiation of a metal compound-containing particle, followed by delithiation, andwherein the inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel includes the reduced metal formed by reduction of the metal compound during the lithiation.8. The particle of claim 7 ,wherein a dimension of the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is controlled by a cut-off voltage of the electrochemical lithiation of the metal compound-containing particle.9. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the reduced metal includes one or at least two metals selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Au, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ir, Mo, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Sn, Ti, V, W, Zn, Sc, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Mn, Fe, Tc, and Re.10. The ...

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Номер записи: 70
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Gas-to-liquid reactor and method of using

Номер: US20210023524A1
Автор: Arland H. Johannes, Dennis Keith Manning
Принадлежит: Plasmerica LLC

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state.

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Номер записи: 71
23-01-2020 дата публикации

CATALYTIC FORMS AND FORMULATIONS

Номер: US20200024214A1
Автор: Cizeron Joel M., Freer Erik, Gamoras Joel, McCormick Jarod, Nyce Greg, Ras Erik-Jan, Rosenberg Daniel, Schammel Wayne P., Scher Erik C., Vincent Joel David, Vogel Roger, Zurcher Fabio R.
Принадлежит:

Catalytic forms and formulations are provided. The catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 152-. (canceled)53. A catalytic material comprising a first and second catalyst , wherein the first and second catalysts have a different catalytic activity in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction under the same conditions , wherein the catalytic material comprises a C2 selectivity of greater than 50% and a methane conversion of greater than 20% when the catalyst is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidative coupling of methane at a temperature of 750° C. or less.54. The catalytic material of claim 53 , wherein the first catalyst is a nanowire catalyst.55. The catalytic material of claim 53 , wherein the second catalyst is a bulk catalyst.56. The catalytic material of claim 53 , wherein each of the first and second catalysts are nanowire catalysts.57. The catalytic material of claim 53 , wherein each of the first and second catalyst are bulk catalysts.58. The catalytic material of claim 53 , wherein the second catalyst has a lower catalytic activity than the first catalyst under the same conditions.59. The catalytic material of claim 58 , wherein the catalytic activity of the second catalyst increases with increasing temperature.6070-. (canceled)71. The catalytic material of claim 53 , wherein the catalytic material comprises a void fraction volume of about 35% to about 70%.72. The catalytic material of claim 71 , wherein the catalytic material comprises a void fraction volume of about 45% to about 65%.73. The catalytic material of claim 53 , wherein the catalytic material comprises catalyst particles having a cross sectional dimension in at least one dimension between about 1 mm and about 20 mm.74. The catalytic material of claim 73 , wherein the cross sectional dimension is between about 2 mm ...

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Номер записи: 72
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Composite particles and method for producing composite particles

Номер: US20210024423A1
Автор: Daisuke Sato, Keitaroh Nakamura
Принадлежит: Nisshin Engineering Co Ltd

Provided are: composite particles having excellent oxidation resistance; and a method for producing composite particles. The composite particles are obtained by forming a composite of TiC and at least one of Zr and Si. In the method for producing composite particles, a titanium oxide powder and at least one of a zirconium oxide powder and a silicon oxide powder are used as raw material powders, and composite particles are produced using a gas phase method.

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Номер записи: 73
04-02-2016 дата публикации

HIGH-THROUGHPUT PARTICLE PRODUCTION USING A PLASMA SYSTEM

Номер: US20160030910A1
Автор: BIBERGER Maximillian A., Layman Frederick P., LEAMON David, LEFEVRE Paul
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a nanoparticle production system and methods of using the system. The nanoparticle production system includes a plasma gun including a male electrode, a female electrodes and a working gas supply configured to deliver a working gas in a vortexing helical flow direction across a plasma generation region. The system also includes a continuous feed system, a quench chamber, a cooling conduit that includes a laminar flow disruptor, a system overpressure module, and a conditioning fluid purification and recirculation system. 1. A nanoparticle production system comprising:a plasma gun comprising a male electrode, a female electrodes and a working gas supply configured to deliver a working gas in a vortexing helical flow direction across a plasma generation region formed between the male electrode and the female electrode;a continuous feed systems configured to feed material into the plasma gun at a rate of at least 9 grams/minute;a quench chamber positioned after the plasma gun and including at least one reaction mixture input and at least one conditioning fluid input;a cooling conduit configured to conduct nanoparticles entrained in a conditioning fluid flow from the quench chamber to a collector, wherein the cooling conduit comprises a laminar flow disruptor;a system overpressure module that maintains a pressure in the system above a measured ambient pressure; anda conditioning fluid purification and recirculation system.2. The nanoparticle production system of claim 1 , wherein the continuous feed system comprises a reciprocating member to continually clear out a material feed supply channel during operation of the nanoparticle production system.3. The nanoparticle production system of claim 2 , wherein the reciprocating member reciprocates at a rate of at least 2 times per second.4. The nanoparticle production system of claim 1 , wherein the continuous feed system comprises a pulsing gas jet to continually clear out a material feed ...

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Номер записи: 74
04-02-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARATION OF POLYSILANES

Номер: US20160030911A1
Автор: Lang Jürgen Erwin, Müh Ekkehard, Rauleder Hartwig
Принадлежит: EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH

The invention relates to a process for preparing polysilanes by converting monosilane in the presence of hydrogen in a plasma, and to a plant for performing the process. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure in process step iii) is elevated relative to the pressure in process stage ii).3. The process according to either of claim 1 , wherein the resulting phase in process step iii) has a pressure of 1 barto 100 bar.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the monosilane in process step ii) is subjected to the gas discharge in the presence of hydrogen at a pressure of 0.05 mbarto 15 claim 1 ,000 mbar claim 1 , preferably under reduced pressure.5. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising obtaining linear claim 1 , branched and/or cyclic polysilanes comprising tetrasilane claim 1 , pentasilane and/or hexasilane.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream of reactants in process step ii) is subjected to two to ten gas discharges.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gas discharges in process step ii) are effected within the temperature range from −60° C. to 10° C.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream of reactants has a ratio of hydrogen and monosilane in percent by volume (% by vol.) of 15:1 to 1:5.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream of reactants in step ii) is subjected to nonthermal plasma(s).10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polysilane mixture in step iv) is separated by distillation claim 1 , fractional condensation and/or by chromatography.11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the defined ratio in process step iii) of the partial hydrogen pressure to the partial pressure of the gaseous silanes is set by a hydrogen-permeable membrane.12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the membrane is permeable to hydrogen and essentially impermeable to silanes.13. A plant for performance of the process according to claim 1 , that comprises an ...

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Номер записи: 75
04-02-2016 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Fluid Purification

Номер: US20160031733A1
Автор: Scheurer Greg
Принадлежит:

A fluid purification system (FPS) is provided and includes a fluid inlet, an injection manifold defining at least one manifold fluid flow path and at least one gas/fluid flow path. The injection manifold is configured to receive a fluid flowing into the fluid inlet such that the fluid flows through the manifold fluid flow path, wherein the injection manifold is configured to controllably divert at least a portion of the fluid to flow through the fluid/gas flow path and back into the manifold fluid flow path. The FPS further includes a singlet oxygen generator for generating singlet oxygen Ocommunicated with the injection manifold such that the singlet oxygen Ois controllably injectable into the gas/fluid flow path and a contact chamber, wherein the contact chamber is in flow communication with the manifold fluid flow path to receive the fluid flowing within the manifold fluid flow path. 1. A fluid purification system , comprising:a fluid inlet for receiving a fluid;an injection manifold defining at least one manifold fluid flow path and at least one gas/fluid flow path, wherein the at least one gas/fluid flow path is in flow communication with the at least one manifold fluid flow part, the injection manifold being configured to receive the fluid flowing into the fluid inlet such that the fluid flowing into the fluid inlet flows through the at least one manifold fluid flow path, wherein the injection manifold is further configured to controllably divert at least a portion of the fluid flowing through the at least one manifold fluid flow path to flow through the at least one fluid/gas flow path and back into the at least one manifold fluid flow path;{'sub': 1', '1, 'a singlet oxygen generator for generating singlet oxygen Ocommunicated with the injection manifold such that the singlet oxygen Ois controllably injectable into the at least one gas/fluid flow path;'}at least one contact chamber defining a contact chamber flow path, wherein the contact chamber is in flow ...

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Номер записи: 76
01-02-2018 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons

Номер: US20180029955A1
Автор: Penner Florian, Zimmermann Heinz
Принадлежит:

A method () for producing hydrocarbons is proposed, in which one or more steam cracking feed streams (a) which predominantly or exclusively contain hydrocarbons with two or more carbon atoms are subjected to one or more steam cracking steps (), thus obtaining one or more steam cracking discharge streams (b), and wherein one or more reaction feed streams (t, u) which predominantly or exclusively contain methane are subjected to one or more steps () for the oxidative coupling of methane, thus obtaining one or more reaction discharge streams (v) which contain ethane, while a separation discharge stream (m) which predominantly or exclusively contains ethane is formed using fluid from the steam cracking discharge stream or streams (b). In the proposed method, it is provided that fluid from the reaction discharge stream or streams (v) is subjected to one or more thermal cracking steps () which are subsequent to the step or steps () for the oxidative coupling of methane, and in which the ethane which is present in the fluid from the reaction discharge stream or streams (v) is at least partially reacted to form ethylene, under the influence of waste heat from the step or steps () for the oxidative coupling of methane, and that fluid (w) from the separation discharge stream (m) is fed into the subsequent thermal cracking step or steps (), wherein the step or steps () for the oxidative coupling of methane and the subsequent thermal cracking step or steps () are carried out in a joint reactor and wherein the transfer of heat into the thermal cracking step or steps () that follow takes place by convection. 1100106070606070607070. Method () for producing hydrocarbons , wherein one or more steam cracking feed streams (a) which predominantly or exclusively contain hydrocarbons with two or more carbon atoms are subjected to one or more steam cracking steps () , thus obtaining one or more steam cracking discharge streams (b) , and wherein one or more reaction feed streams (t , u) ...

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Номер записи: 77
31-01-2019 дата публикации

LIQUID PLASMA DISCHARGE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS USING SAME

Номер: US20190030509A1
Автор: Deng Shaobo, Wu Xiao, ZHU Jun
Принадлежит:

A process comprises feeding a stream of reactant compounds to a reactor and discharging a liquid plasma into the reactant stream in the reactor, wherein the plasma initiates or accelerates a reaction of the reactant compounds to form a product composition. The reactor can comprise one or more chambers, a high-voltage electrode positioned at a first portion of the one or more chambers, a ground electrode positioned at a second portion of the one or more chambers, and a dielectric plate between the ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode that comprises openings through which the reactant stream can pass from the first portion to the second portion or from the second portion to the first portion. Discharging the plasma can include supplying electrical power to the high-voltage electrode such that plasma is discharged where the reactant stream flows through the openings. 1. A plasma reactor for the generation of a stable plasma discharge , the plasma reactor comprising:a housing defining one or more interior chambers;a high-voltage electrode positioned at least partially in or proximate to a first portion of the one or more chambers;a first ground electrode positioned at least partially in or proximate to a second portion of the one or more chambers, wherein the second portion is located on a first side of the high-voltage electrode;a first dielectric plate between the first ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode, the first dielectric plate comprising one or more first openings through which a reaction stream can pass from the first portion to the second portion or from the second portion to the first portion;a feed inlet for feeding the reaction am into the one or more chambers; anda product outlet for withdrawing e reaction stream from the one or more chambers.2. A plasma reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion is at a middle position in the one or more chambers and the second port s at a first outer position in the one or more ...

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Номер записи: 78
31-01-2019 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF SHALE GAS TO AROMATICS

Номер: US20190031578A1
Автор: Mamedov Aghaddin Kh.
Принадлежит:

A method for converting shale gas to aromatic hydrocarbons includes passing a feedstock comprising ethane gas and methane gas to an aromatization reactor; converting a portion of the methane gas and ethane gas in the feedstock to liquid aromatic hydrocarbons with a zeolite based catalyst at a temperature of 750 C to 900 C; separating unconverted methane gas from liquid aromatic hydrocarbons; separating unconverted methane gas from the unconverted ethane gas; recycling the separated methane gas to the aromatization reactor; recovering aromatic hydrocarbons in a product stream after separation and removal from the aromatization reactor. Less than or equal to 95% of the ethane is converted to aromatic hydrocarbons. 1. A method for converting shale gas to aromatic hydrocarbons , comprising:passing a feedstock comprising ethane gas and methane gas to an aromatization reactor;converting a portion of the methane gas and ethane gas in the feedstock to liquid aromatic hydrocarbons with a zeolite based catalyst at a temperature of 750° C. to 900° C.;separating unconverted methane gas from liquid aromatic hydrocarbons;separating unconverted methane gas from the unconverted ethane gas;recycling the separated methane gas to the aromatization reactor;recovering aromatic hydrocarbons in a product stream after separation and removal from the aromatization reactor;wherein less than or equal to 95% of the ethane is converted to aromatic hydrocarbons.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is a shale gas feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock further comprises propane claim 1 , butane claim 1 , pentane claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , hydrogen sulfide claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises 75-85 mol % methane.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises 10-25 mol % ethane.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than or ...

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Номер записи: 79
04-02-2021 дата публикации

SMALL CHANNEL SHORT FIXED BED ADIABATIC REACTOR FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

Номер: US20210031161A1
Автор: Balakotaiah Vemuri, BANKE Jonathan, Gu Tian, KAUFFMAN James, Liang Wugeng, PEREZ Hector, SARSANI Sagar, SCHUCKER Robert C., WEST David
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are systems and processes for the conversion of a methane feedstock to C hydrocarbons. 1. A reactor system for an oxidative conversion of methane comprising:a reactor vessel having a reactant inlet and a product outlet;a pre-heating component disposed within the reactor vessel configured to receive feedstock from the reactant inlet; andone or more reactor bodies configured to receive the feedstock from the reactant inlet via the pre-heating component, each reactor body having a plurality of channels extending there through, wherein the channels are configured to receive a catalyst.2. The reactor system of :{'sup': th', 'th, 'wherein the channels have a diameter, and wherein the catalyst has a particle size of from about ¼to about 1/20the size of the diameter of a channel, and'}wherein the reactor system further comprises one or more walls disposed adjacent one or more of the first surface and the second surface, wherein the walls are configured to maintain the catalyst within the channels.3. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-heating component comprises a silicon carbide claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , a metal coated with inert materials claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channels extend in parallel and are conterminous.5. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor bodies have a cylindrical shape and have a diameter of about 20 mm or greater.6. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein at least one channel of the plurality of channels has a length no greater than 300 mm.7. The reactor system of claim 1 , at least one channel of the plurality of channels has a diameter of less than about 10 mm.8. The reactor system of claim 1 , at least one channel of the plurality of channels has a diameter of about 5 mm.9. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor body comprises an inert material having a thermal conductivity of at least about 2 Watts per meter Kelvin.10. The ...

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Номер записи: 80
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane

Номер: US20200031734A1
Автор: Charles Reid, David Sheridan, Erik Freer, Guido Radaelli, Jarod McCormick, Jin Ki Hong, Joel Cizeron, Justin Dwight Edwards, Roberto Pellizzari, Samuel Weinberger, Satish LAKHAPATRI
Принадлежит: Lummus Technology Inc

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C 2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C 2+ compounds.

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Номер записи: 81
04-02-2021 дата публикации

GAS-TO-GAS REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING

Номер: US20210032183A1
Автор: Manning Dennis Keith
Принадлежит:

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas. 1. A method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon , comprising:providing a first gas phase hydrocarbon; andsubjecting the first gas phase hydrocarbon to a plasma created by an electrostatic field, whereby a second gas phase hydrocarbon is obtained, wherein the second gas phase hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, ethylene, acetylene, propene, propyne, allene, isobutene, 2-butene, 2-methyl-butane, 2,2-dimethyl-butane, 2,3-dimethyl-butane, and 3-methyl-pentane.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is an oscillating field.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the field oscillates at a frequency from 60 to 1000 Hz.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the field oscillates at a frequency from 300 to 600 Hz.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is from 1000 to 100 claim 1 ,000 volts.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is from 10 claim 1 ,000 to 50 claim 1 ,000 volts.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at ambient temperature.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at a pressure of from atmospheric pressure to 100 PSIG.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at atmospheric pressure.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas phase hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of methane claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 82
11-02-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MASS PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE PLATELETS IN ARC PLASMA

Номер: US20160038907A1
Автор: KEIDAR Michael, SHASHURIN Alexey
Принадлежит:

A system and method for producing graphene includes a discharge assembly and a substrate assembly. The discharge assembly includes a cathode and an anode, which in one embodiment are offset from each other. The anode produces a flux stream that is deposited onto a substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene. 1. A graphene producing device comprising: a substrate , a graphite cathode , a carbon anode , wherein said cathode and anode create an arc discharge producing a flux stream and are configured to deposit material from the flux stream on said substrate.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a collection device configured to remove the deposited material from said substrate.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein said collection device comprises a brush.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein collection device removing the deposited material from said substrate simultaneous with the anode depositing material on said substrate.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the flux stream comprises a carbon vapor and the deposit on said substrate comprises graphene.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein said substrate is heated by the flux stream.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said anode has a longitudinal axis and said cathode has a longitudinal axis claim 1 , and wherein the anode longitudinal axis is offset from the cathode longitudinal axis.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said substrate has a cylindrical shape with a central bore forming an interior surface claim 1 , said anode is received in the central bore claim 1 , and the flux stream deposits material on the interior surface of said substrate.9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the anode is a rod that is at least partially concentrically arranged inside said cylindrical substrate whereby an inside diameter of said cylindrical substrate is greater than an outer diameter of said anode.10. The ...

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Номер записи: 83
11-02-2016 дата публикации

NITROUS ACID GENERATOR

Номер: US20160039675A1
Автор: MURAYAMA HIROKO, OHYAMA TATSUSHI
Принадлежит:

A nitrous acid generator includes a treatment vessel having an inner space being capable of holding a liquid; a gas supplier supplying a gas to the inner space such that the gas forms a bubble in the liquid, the gas containing oxygen and nitrogen; a plasma generator including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power supply for applying a voltage therebetween, the plasma generator generating plasma in the bubble, the plasma producing nitrogen oxide including nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide; a gas-liquid contact member to which the nitrogen oxide and the liquid are introduced from the treatment vessel, the gas-liquid contact member causing the nitrogen oxide to be dissolved in the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member; and a cooler cooling the nitrogen oxide and the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member. 1. A nitrous acid generator comprising:a treatment vessel having an inner space being capable of holding a liquid;a gas supplier supplying a gas to the inner space such that the gas forms a bubble in the liquid, the gas containing oxygen and nitrogen;a plasma generator including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power supply for applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, the plasma generator generating plasma in the bubble, the plasma producing nitrogen oxide including nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide;a gas-liquid contact member to which the nitrogen oxide and the liquid are introduced from the treatment vessel, the gas-liquid contact member causing the nitrogen oxide to be dissolved in the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member; anda cooler cooling the nitrogen oxide and the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member.2. The nitrous acid generator according to claim 1 , wherein the gas-liquid contact member ...

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Номер записи: 84
11-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING POLYCHLOROSILANES

Номер: US20160039681A1
Автор: Lang Juergen Erwin, Moussallem Imad, Mueh Ekkehard, Rauleder Hartwig
Принадлежит: EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparation of polychlorosilanes from monomeric chlorosilanes, by subjecting the chlorosilanes to a thermal plasma. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polychlorosilanes prepared are polyperchlorosilanes having 2 to 8 silicon atoms.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polychlorosilanes prepared are selected from the group consisting of an ultrahigh-purity hexachlorodisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity octachlorotrisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity decachlorotetrasilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity dodecachloropentasilane and a mixture thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polychlorosilanes prepared are selected from the group consisting of an ultrahigh-purity hexachlorodisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity octachlorotrisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity decachlorotetrasilane and an ultrahigh-purity dodecachloropentasilane claim 1 , each of the group having a titanium content of below 10 ppm.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the chlorosilanes are one or more selected from the group consisting of an ultrahigh-purity tetrachlorosilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity trichlorosilane and an ultrahigh-purity dichlorosilane.6. The process according to being performed in an apparatus comprising a gas discharge reactor the gas discharge reactor comprising a first column and a second column.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein:the first column comprises a first column inlet for removal of the polychlorosilanes upstream of the gas discharge reactor;the second column comprises a second column inlet for removal of low boilers downstream of the gas discharge reactor;the second column comprises a column outlet comprising condenser for condensation of the low boilers; the condenser comprises a recycle line which feeds the low boilers to the first column or the gas discharge reactor.8. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the chlorosilane of the ...

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Номер записи: 85
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Pyrolytic reactor and method of using

Номер: US20180036698A1
Автор: Aziz Sattar, Laura E. Leonard, Mohamad R. Mostofi-Ashtiani, Peter SHAFE, Rajeswar R. Gattupalli, Vighneswara R. KOLLATI, Vinayender Kuchana
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Methods and apparatus to produce alkynes are described. The method includes combusting fuel and an oxidizer in a combustion zone to create a carrier gas stream, which is accelerated to supersonic speed in an expansion zone. A feedstock material is injected into a feedstock injection zone using two or more pluralities of injection nozzles. The injection nozzles are arranged annularly. The carrier gas stream is transitioned from supersonic speed to subsonic speed to create a shockwave in a reaction zone. The reaction zone is directly connected to the feedstock injection zone, and the shockwave is created adjacent to the feedstock injection zone. The carrier gas stream and the feedstock material are simultaneously mixed and reacted.

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Номер записи: 86
12-02-2015 дата публикации

PLASMA CHEMICAL DEVICE FOR CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBON GASES TO LIQUID FUEL

Номер: US20150044105A1
Автор: Novoselov Yury
Принадлежит: EVOEnergy, LLC

A system with a non-thermal, repetitively-pulsed gliding discharge reactor for converting gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid fuels efficiently. The system optionally contains a gas separator for removing non-hydrocarbon components from the gaseous hydrocarbon feed to improve efficiency of the system. The system may optionally reclaim hydrogen gas from the product gas for storage, transportation or power generation. 1. A system comprising:a power source configured to provide pulses of high-voltage potential; a reactor inlet configured to introduce a concentrated gaseous hydrocarbon to the reactor,', 'a first reactor outlet configured to convey a liquid hydrocarbon composition from the reactor,', 'a second reactor outlet configured to convey a product gas from the reactor, and', 'a plurality of first electrodes separated from a plurality of second electrodes by a discharge region; and, 'a gliding discharge plasma reactor comprising a first gas separator inlet configured to introduce a feed gas stream to the gas separator; and', 'a first gas separator outlet configured to convey the concentrated hydrocarbon composition from the gas separator to the reactor inlet;', 'wherein the feed gas stream comprises a dilute gaseous hydrocarbon., 'the gas separator comprises, 'a gas separator in communication with the reactor inlet, wherein'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the dilute gaseous hydrocarbon comprises a hydrocarbon gas and a diluent gas.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the diluent gas comprises nitrogen.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the gas separator comprises a membrane for separating a diluent gas from the feed gas stream.5. The system of further comprising a gas reclaimer comprising a first gas reclaimer inlet in communication with the second reactor outlet; and a first gas reclaimer outlet.6. A system comprising:a power source configured to provide pulses of high-voltage potential; an inlet for a gaseous hydrocarbon,', 'an outlet for a liquid hydrocarbon ...

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Номер записи: 87
12-02-2015 дата публикации

MULTI-STAGE PLASMA REACTOR SYSTEM WITH HOLLOW CATHODES FOR CRACKING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

Номер: US20150044106A1
Автор: Cheng Yi, Guo Yi, Li Xuan, Wu Changning, Yan Binhang
Принадлежит: National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy

Disclosed is a multi-stage plasma reactor system with hollow cathodes for cracking carbonaceous material with each stage comprising: hollow cathodes and hollow anodes cooled by recycling cooling medium or refrigerant; working gas inlet(s); inlet(s) of carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock; reaction tubes in connection with the anode or cathode, in addition, the reactor system also comprises: at least one inlet(s) of quench medium located lower portion of last one of the reaction tubes; and at least one outlet(s) of quenched products and gases located on bottom or lower portion of last one of the reaction tubes, wherein chambers are formed between the first hollow cathode or the hollow cathode used as the reaction tube of any stage and the anode so as to generate plasma gas and/or electric arc therein, generated plasma gas jet fully contacts and efficiently mixes with the carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock and/or volatiles caused by pyrolysis within or nearby highest temperature region of the chambers, and pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material and/or gas-phase reaction of volatiles are occurred. The present reactor system has excellent energy efficiency and higher cracked products yield.

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Номер записи: 88
18-02-2021 дата публикации

ALUMINUM ALLOY-CONTAINING COMPOSITION, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR, AND TRIALKYL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION METHOD

Номер: US20210047346A1
Автор: MATSUO Hiroshi, Naka Toshio, SAKODA Kotaro, TAKEMOTO Yujin
Принадлежит:

A method for producing a particulate aluminum alloy involves pulverizing an aluminum alloy in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an organic aluminum compound. Methods for producing trialkylaluminum involve reacting an aluminum-magnesium alloy with an alkyl halide in the presence of a nitrogen-containing organic compound to obtain a trialkylaluminum-containing reaction product, and reacting an aluminum-magnesium alloy and an alkyl halide. A highly active, low viscosity composition containing the particulate aluminum alloy and a method for producing the particulate aluminum alloy-containing composition are also described. 2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound represented by general formula (1) is at least one selected from the group consisting of trimethylaluminum claim 1 , dimethylaluminum chloride claim 1 , methylaluminum dichloride claim 1 , triethylaluminum claim 1 , diethylaluminum chloride claim 1 , dimethylphenylaluminum claim 1 , ethylaluminum sesquichloride claim 1 , and ethylaluminum dichloride.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the organoaluminum compound represented by general formula (1) is in the range equal to or more than 0.0001 mol to equal to or less than 0.5 mol per 1 mol of aluminum in the aluminum alloy.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbon solvents and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon solvent is n-dodecane.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the median diameter of the particulate aluminum alloy contained in the composition is equal to or less than 20 μm.7. A method for producing a particulate aluminum alloy-containing composition claim 1 , comprising a step of obtaining the composition according to by pulverizing a slurry containing an aluminum alloy claim 1 , a hydrocarbon solvent ...

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Номер записи: 89
01-05-2014 дата публикации

CATALYTIC FORMS AND FORMULATIONS

Номер: US20140121433A1
Автор: Cizeron Joel M., Freer Erik, Gamoras Joel, McCormick Jarod, Nyce Greg, Ras Erik-Jan, Rosenberg Daniel, Schammel Wayne P., Scher Erik C., Vincent Joel David, Vogel Roger, Zurcher Fabio R.
Принадлежит:

Catalytic forms and formulations are provided. The catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 1. A catalytic material comprising a plurality of catalytic nanowires in combination with a diluent , wherein the diluent comprises an alkaline earth metal compound , silicon carbide , cordierite , BO , InO , SrAlO , BSrOor combinations thereof , wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is not MgO , CaO , MgAlOor calcium aluminate.2. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is MgCO claim 1 , MgSO claim 1 , Mg(PO) claim 1 , CaCO claim 1 , CaSO claim 1 , Ca(PO) claim 1 , CaAlO claim 1 , SrO claim 1 , SrCO claim 1 , SrSO claim 1 , Sr(PO) claim 1 , SrAlO claim 1 , BaO claim 1 , BaCO claim 1 , BaSO claim 1 , Ba(PO) claim 1 , BaAlOor combinations thereof.3. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is SrO claim 1 , MgCO claim 1 , CaCO claim 1 , SrCOor combinations thereof.4. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material comprises a formed aggregate.5. The catalytic material of claim 4 , wherein the formed aggregate comprises an extrudate6. The catalytic material of claim 4 , wherein the formed aggregate comprises a pressed or cast particle7. The catalytic material of claim 4 , wherein the formed aggregate comprises a monolith8. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material is in a shape selected from a cylinder claim 1 , rod claim 1 , star claim 1 , ribbed claim 1 , trilobe claim 1 , disk claim 1 , hollow claim 1 , donut claim 1 , ring-shaped claim 1 , pellet claim 1 , tube claim 1 , spherical claim 1 , honeycomb claim 1 , cup claim 1 , bowl and an irregular shape.9. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material is disposed on claim 1 , impregnated in claim 1 , or combinations thereof claim ...

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Номер записи: 90
03-03-2022 дата публикации

LIQUID PHASE REFORMING OF OXYGENATES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220063997A1
Автор: AKPOLAT Osman, SEABA James
Принадлежит:

In the liquid phase reforming (LPR) of oxygenated C,H-containing compounds such as alcohols, various strategies are disclosed for managing byproduct CO. Important processing options include those in which electrolyte, consumed in capturing or precipitating the COgenerated from LPR, is regenerated or not regenerated, with carbon emissions potentially being avoided in the latter case. With regeneration, different chemistries are possible, such as in the case of a regeneration cycle utilizing hydroxide anions to precipitate a solid, carbonate form of COthat is generated from reforming. Alternatively, a reaction and regeneration system may use carbonate anions to “capture” COand thereby maintain it as aqueous, solubilized bicarbonate form. 1. A process for reforming an oxygenated C ,H-containing compound , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'contacting the oxygenated C,H-containing compound with a catalyst in an aqueous electrolyte solution, said aqueous electrolyte solution comprising at least one CO-precipitating cation, wherein said oxygenated C,H-containing compound is reformed by reaction with HO in said aqueous electrolyte solution, to produce Hand a precipitated carbonate form of generated COand the CO-precipitating cation.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated C claim 1 ,H-containing compound is an alcohol or an ether.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxygenated C claim 2 ,H-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , and dimethyl ether.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the least one CO-precipitating cation is selected from the group consisting of Caor Li claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the least one CO-precipitating cation is added to said aqueous electrolyte solution as Ca(OH)or LiOH.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the at least one CO-precipitating cation is added to said aqueous ...

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Номер записи: 91
25-02-2021 дата публикации

Continuous methods for treating liquids and manufacturing certain constituents (e.g., nanoparticles) in liquds, apparatuses and nanoparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) resulting therefrom

Номер: US20210052638A1
Автор: Bryce David A., Mortenson Mark G., Pierce David Kyle
Принадлежит: Clene Nanomedicine, Inc.

This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. The continuous process causes at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, zeta potential and properties present in a liquid. 1. A method for treating a patient with a bacterial infection comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising:water;silver constituents comprising silver ions and silver nanoparticles in said water, said silver constituents being present in an amount of 1 ppm to 20.6 ppm;zinc constituents comprising zinc ions in said water, said zinc constituents being present in an amount of 0.5 ppm to 20 ppm, wherein a ratio of the amount of said zinc constituents to said silver constituents varies from 8:1 to 0.5:1; andnitrogen oxides in said water.2. A method for treating a patient with a bacterial infection comprising administering to a ...

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Номер записи: 92
08-05-2014 дата публикации

DISTRIBUTED OZONE DISINFECTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20140127080A1
Автор: Dugo Tony, LaVerne Larry
Принадлежит: Eco-Safe Systems USA, Inc.

Systems and methods that facilitate aqueous ozone disinfection on a distributed basis that is sufficient to be effective at dramatically reducing bacteria on materials washed with ozonated water. The system provided herein facilitates the distribution of ozonated water to multiple sinks while keeping the additional hardware and associated costs at each sink at a minimum. 1. A distributed ozone disinfect ion system comprising a central ozone generation system ,a plurality of ozone and water mixing systems, each of the plurality of ozone and water mixing systems positionable in a water supply piping at a water supply inlet for a sink,a plurality of flow switches, separate ones of the plurality of flow switches positionable downstream of separate ones of the plurality of ozone and water mixing systems, anda plurality of oxidation reduction potentiometers (ORPs), separate ones of the plurality of ORPs positionable downstream of separate ones of the plurality ozone and water mixing systems.2. The system of wherein the ozone and water mixing system includes a gas injection venturi device.3. The system of wherein the ozone generation system includes an ozone generator claim 1 , wherein the ozone generator is a corona discharge type ozone generator.4. The system of further comprising a control system coupled to the ozone generation system.5. The system of wherein the control system includes a transfer relay and a flow switch to activate the transfer relay upon sensing of sufficient water flow through the flow switch claim 4 , activation of the transfer relay powers the ozone generation system.6. The system of wherein separate ones of the plurality of ORP meters are electrically coupled to an indicator light at the sink that indicates to the user of the sink that the ORP is high enough to effectively reduce the bacteria in the food washed by the ozonated water.7. The system of further comprising an ozone reservoir positioned downstream of the ozone generation system adjacent ...

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Номер записи: 93
14-02-2019 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for Microwave Assisted Production of Graphitic Materials

Номер: US20190047865A1
Автор: Musselman Evan T., Skoptsov George L., Zeller Kurt W.
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods for plasma based synthesis of graphitic materials. The system includes a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation, an interface element configured to transmit the plasma from the plasma forming zone to a reaction zone, and the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma. The reaction zone is further configured to receive feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and convert the feedstock material to a product comprising the graphitic materials in presence of the plasma. 1. A system for plasma based synthesis of graphitic materials , the system comprising:a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation;an interface element configured to transmit the plasma from the plasma forming zone to a reaction zone; and receive feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and', 'convert the feedstock material to a product comprising the graphitic materials in presence of the plasma., 'the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma, wherein the reaction zone is further configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasma forming zone comprises:a radiation source; anda discharge tube coupled to the radiation source configured to receive a plasma forming material, wherein the discharge tube is made from a material that is transparent to the radio-frequency radiation.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the plasma forming material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: argon claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , helium claim 2 , neon claim 2 , krypton claim 2 , xenon claim 2 , carbon dioxide claim 2 , nitrogen claim 2 , and water.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a waveguide configured to couple the radiation source to the discharge tube.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction zone comprises a reaction vessel including a resonant cavity claim 1 , and wherein the reaction vessel is formed from ...

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Номер записи: 94
26-02-2015 дата публикации

FLOW-THROUGH CAVITATION-ASSISTED RAPID MODIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL

Номер: US20150053545A1
Автор: Gordon Roman, Gorodnitsky Igor, Promtov Maxim A.
Принадлежит:

A device and method are provided for manipulating petroleum, non-conventional oil and other viscous complex fluids made of hydrocarbons that comprise enforcement of fluid in a multi-stage flow-through hydrodynamic cavitational reactor, subjecting said fluids to a controlled cavitation and continuing the application of such cavitation for a period of time sufficient for obtaining desired changes in physical properties and/or chemical composition and generating the upgraded products. The method includes alteration of chemical bonds, induction of interactions of components, changes in composition, heterogeneity and rheological characteristics in order to facilitate handling, improve yields of distillate fuels and optimize other properties. 1. A process for modification of crude oil , comprising the steps of:combining crude oil with water and a catalyst to create a fluidic crude oil;pumping the fluidic crude oil through a flowpath in a multi-stage, flow-through, hydrodynamic cavitation device;generating localized zones of reduced fluid pressure in the fluidic crude oil as it is pumped through the flowpath;creating cavitational features in the localized zones of reduced fluid pressure;collapsing the cavitational features to expose components of the fluidic crude oil to sudden, localized increases in temperature and pressure; andinducing chemical reactions between components in the fluidic crude oil to promote molecular rearrangement of the components and modify rheological parameters of the fluidic crude oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluidic crude oil is pumped at a controlled inlet pressure approximating ambient pressure.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flowpath has a series of chambers with varying diameters and static elements to create sudden reductions in fluid pressure.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cavitational features comprise cavitation bubbles containing vapors of volatile components in the fluidic crude oil.5. The process of ...

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Номер записи: 95
25-02-2021 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR CONVERSION OF METHANE TO MULTIPLE HIGHER HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS

Номер: US20210053889A1
Автор: Herger Joel, Iyer Rahul, Madgavkar Ajay, Nyce Greg, Peck Lawrence, Saydah Benjamin, Scher Erik C., Weinberger Samuel
Принадлежит:

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products. 1. A method of producing a plurality of hydrocarbon products , the method comprising:using an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalytic reactor to convert methane and a source of oxidant to a first product gas comprising ethylene;introducing separate portions of the first product gas into a first catalytic ethylene conversion system and a second catalytic ethylene conversion system, wherein:the first catalytic ethylene conversion system reacts ethylene from the first product gas with an aromatic hydrocarbon to produce an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon product, andthe second catalytic ethylene conversion system converts ethylene from the first product gas to a higher hydrocarbon product that is different from the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon product produced in the first catalytic ethylene conversion system.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing an additional portion of the first product gas into a third catalytic ethylene conversion system.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising introducing a further additional portion of the first product gas into a fourth catalytic ethylene conversion system.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the OCM catalytic reactor comprises nanowire catalyst materials.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product gas comprises 0.5 mol % to 15 mol % of ethylene.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product gas comprises less than 5 mol % of ethylene.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product gas comprises less than 3 mol % of ethylene.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ...

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Номер записи: 96
13-02-2020 дата публикации

STABLE CATALYSTS FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

Номер: US20200048164A1
Автор: Liang Wugeng, MAMEDOV Aghaddin, Nagaki Dick, SANKARANARAYANAN Krishnan, SARSANI Sagar, WEST David
Принадлежит:

A method of selecting a stable mixed metal oxide catalyst for an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction is disclosed. The method may include, obtaining a mixed metal oxide material having catalytically active metal oxides for the OCM reaction and identifying the Tammann temperature (TTam) of at least one of the catalytically active metals oxides of the mixed metal oxide material. The method further includes selecting the mixed metal oxide material for use as a catalyst in the OCM reaction if the at least one catalytically active metal oxides present in the mixed metal oxide material has a TTam greater than a predetermined temperature. 1. A method of selecting a stable mixed metal oxide catalyst for an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction , the method comprising:(a) obtaining a mixed metal oxide material having catalytically active metal oxides for the OCM reaction;{'sub': 'Tam', '(b) identifying the Tammann temperature (T) of at least one of the catalytically active metals oxides of the mixed metal oxide material; and'}{'sub': 'Tam', '(c) selecting the mixed metal oxide material for use as a catalyst in the OCM reaction if the at least one catalytically active metal oxides present in the mixed metal oxide material has a Tgreater than 750° C.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Tfor the at least one catalytically active metal oxide is greater than 850° C. claim 1 , preferably greater than 950° C. claim 1 , or more preferably greater than 1000° C. claim 1 , or 750° C. to 1700° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the metal oxides in the mixed metal oxide material has a Tgreater than 750° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Tof the mixed metal oxide material is above 750° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide material has two catalytically active metal oxides having a metal selected from the group consisting of thorium (Th) claim 1 , magnesium (Mg) claim 1 , strontium (Sr) claim 1 , cerium (Ce) claim 1 , ytterbium (Yb ...

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Номер записи: 97
13-02-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING PARA-XYLENE AND CO-PRODUCING LIGHT OLEFINS FROM METHANOL AND/OR DIMETHYL ETHER AND BENZENE

Номер: US20200048166A1
Автор: He Changqing, JIA Jinming, LI Chenggong, Li Hua, Liu Zhongmin, TANG Hailong, Wang Xiangao, Ye Mao, Zhang Cheng, ZHANG Jinling, Zhang Tao, ZHAO Yinfeng
Принадлежит: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

A fast fluidized bed reactor, device and method for preparing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene, resolving or improving the competition problem between an MTO reaction and an alkylation reaction during the process of producing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene, and achieving a synergistic effect between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction. By controlling the mass transfer and reaction, competition between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction is coordinated and optimized to facilitate a synergistic effect of the two reactions, so that the conversion rate of benzene, the yield of para-xylene, and the selectivity of light olefins are increased. 124-. (canceled)25. A fast fluidized bed reactor for preparing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene , wherein the fast fluidized bed reactor comprises a first reactor feed distributor and a plurality of second reactor feed distributors , the first reactor feed distributor and the plurality of second reactor feed distributors are sequentially arranged along the gas flow direction in the fast fluidized bed reactor.26. The fast fluidized bed reactor of claim 25 , wherein the number of the second reactor feed distributors is in a range from 2 to 10.27. The fast fluidized bed reactor of claim 25 , wherein the fast fluidized bed reactor comprises a first reactor gas-solid separator and a second reactor gas-solid separator claim 25 , the first reactor gas-solid separator is placed in a dilute phase zone or outside a reactor shell claim 25 , and the second reactor gas-solid separator is placed in the dilute phase zone or outside the reactor shell;the first reactor gas-solid separator is provided with a regenerated catalyst inlet, a catalyst outlet of the first reactor gas-solid separator is placed at the bottom of a reaction zone, and a gas outlet of the ...

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Номер записи: 98
22-02-2018 дата публикации

NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS APPARATUS

Номер: US20180050317A1
Автор: Asami Keiichi, OKA Yoshihiro, Onishi Keiichiro
Принадлежит:

Nanoparticles are synthesized by suctioning a liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade, causing cavitation by stirring the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, generating plasma generated by a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid, and in that case, consuming an electrode containing elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized. 1. A nanoparticle synthesis apparatus that generates plasma by a plasma generation mechanism in a liquid , thereby synthesizing nanoparticles in the liquid , the nanoparticle synthesis apparatus comprising:a suction stirring pump that suctions the liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade and stirs the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, thereby causing cavitation; anda plasma generation mechanism that generates plasma in air bubbles generated in the liquid by the cavitation,wherein elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized are contained in an electrode of the plasma generation mechanism.2. The nanoparticle synthesis apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the suction stirring pump includes a throttle flow passage through which the liquid having a flow speed applied thereto by being stirred by the rotary blade is passed.3. The nanoparticle synthesis apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the plasma generation mechanism is provided in a discharge pipe that is connected to the suction stirring pump and allows the liquid to be discharged therefrom.4. A nanoparticle synthesis apparatus that generates plasma by a plasma generation mechanism in a liquid claim 1 , thereby synthesizing nanoparticles in the liquid claim 1 , the nanoparticle synthesis apparatus comprising:a flow speed application mechanism that applies a flow speed to the liquid;an obstacle that is installed in a flow passage for the liquid having the flow speed applied thereto by the ...

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Номер записи: 99
08-05-2014 дата публикации

Process for Producing Ethylene and Propylene from Syngas

Номер: US20140128486A1
Автор: Chaudary Labeeb, Karim Khalid
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for producing ethylene and propylene from syngas, the process comprising the steps of a) contacting syngas () with a first catalyst composition to obtain a first product stream () comprising ethylene, propylene and aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms, b) splitting the first product stream () into a second product stream () comprising at least 90% of said aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms and a third product stream () comprising ethylene and propylene, c) separating ethylene and propylene in the third product stream so as to form a first ethylene stream () and a first propylene stream () and d) converting the second product stream () into a fourth product stream () comprising ethylene and/or propylene. 1. A process for producing ethylene and propylene from syngas , the process comprising the steps of{'b': 2', '3, 'a) contacting syngas () with a first catalyst composition to obtain a first product stream () comprising ethylene, propylene and aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms,'}{'b': '3', 'claim-text': [{'b': '5', 'a second product stream () comprising at least 90% of said aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms and'}, {'b': '4', 'a third product stream () comprising ethylene and propylene,'}], 'b) splitting the first product stream () into'}{'b': 17', '16, 'c) separating ethylene and propylene in the third product stream so as to form a first ethylene stream () and a first propylene stream () and'}{'b': 5', '8, 'd) converting the second product stream () into a fourth product stream () comprising ethylene and/or propylene.'}283. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth product stream () comprising ethylene and/or propylene is mixed with the first product stream ().3. The process according to or claim 1 , wherein the first product stream and the third product stream further comprise methane claim 1 , ethane and propane and wherein step c) ...

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