PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PLEUROMUTILINS

Process for the preparation of a compound of formula I 2. A compound of formula I as defined in in the form of a single stereoisomer in crystalline form.3. A compound according to claim 2 , which is 14-O-{[(1R claim 2 ,2R claim 2 ,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexylsulfanyl]-acetyl}-mutilin in crystalline Form 1.4. A compound according to claim 2 , which is 14-O-{[(1R claim 2 ,2R claim 2 ,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexylsulfanyl]-acetyl}-mutilin in crystalline Form 2 in the form of a n-butanol solvate.5. A compound of formula I as defined in in the form of a single stereoisomer in the form of a crystalline salt.6. A crystalline salt according to claim 5 , which is an acetate claim 5 , lactate or hydrogenmaleate.7. A compound according to claim 5 , which is selected from the group consisting of14-O-{[(1R,2R,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexylsulfanyl]-acetyl}-mutilin acetate in crystalline Form A;14-O-{[(1R,2R,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexylsulfanyl]-acetyl}-mutilin acetate in crystalline Form B14-O-{[(1R,2R,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexylsulfanyl]-acetyl}-mutilin L-lactate in crystalline Form 1, and14-O-{[(1R,2R,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexylsulfanyl]-acetyl}-mutilin hydrogenmaleate in crystalline Form 1.11. A compound of formula IIa as defined in claim 5 , for use as an intermediate in a process for the production of a compound of formula I as defined in claim 5 , in the form of a single stereoisomer.12. Pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 14-O-{[((1R claim 5 ,2R claim 5 ,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexyl) sulfanyl]acetyl}mutilin claim 5 , or comprising an claim 5 , optionally crystalline claim 5 , acetate claim 5 , lactate claim 5 , or hydrogenmaleate of 14-O-{[((1R claim 5 ,2R claim 5 ,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}mutilin as an active ingredient in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.13. A compound of formula IIIa as defined in claim 5 , for use as an intermediate in a process for the production of a ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING DIFLUOROACETIC ACID, SALTS THEREOF OR ESTERS THEREOF

A process for preparing difluoroacetic acid, salts thereof or esters thereof is described. The process can further include preparation of difluoroacetic acid, salts thereof or esters thereof, wherein the reaction occurs in the presence of water of a salt providing a fluoride anion and of monohalogenated or dihalogenated acetic acid, in acid, salified or esterified form, at least one halogen atom being other than the fluorine atom. 1. A process for preparing difluoroacetic acid , salts thereof or esters thereof , the process comprising conducting a reaction in the presence of water of a salt providing a fluoride anion and of monohalogenated or dihalogenated acetic acid , in acid , in salified or esterified form; at least one halogen atom being other than a fluorine atom.3. The process as defined by claim 2 , wherein the halogenated substrate corresponds to the formula (I) in which:{'sub': '1', 'Rrepresents a hydrogen atom;'}{'sub': '1', 'Rrepresents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and'}{'sub': '1', 'Rrepresents an alkali or alkaline-earth metal cation.'}4. The process as defined by claim 1 , wherein the halogenated substrate is monochloroacetic acid claim 1 , dichloroacetic acid claim 1 , chlorofluoroacetic acid or the methyl or ethyl esters thereof.5. The process as defined by claim 1 , wherein the salt providing the fluoride anion is one of the following salts or mixtures thereof:a metal fluoride,a double salt,an onium fluoride (II); andan onium fluoride (III) or (IV).6. The process as defined by claim 5 , wherein the salt providing the fluoride anion is potassium fluoride or potassium bifluoride KHF.7. The process as defined by claim 5 , wherein use is made of a fluoride provided by a salt claim 5 , and an onium fluoride or one of the precursors thereof.8. The process as defined by claim 1 , wherein the ratio between the number of moles of salt expressed as fluoride anion and the number of moles of halogenated substrate of formula (I) varies from 2 ...

METHOD FOR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF A GRAPHENE EDGE, GRAPHENE WITH A CHEMICALLY MODIFIED EDGE AND DEVICES INCLUDING THE GRAPHENE

A method for chemical modification of graphene includes dry etching graphene to provide an etched graphene; and introducing a functional group at an edge of the etched graphene. Also disclosed is graphene, including an etched edge portion, the etched portion including a functional group. 1. Graphene , comprising:an etched edge portion, wherein the etched edge portion comprises a functional group.2. The graphene according to claim 1 , wherein the functional group is introduced at the etched edge portion by contacting with hydroxide ions.3. The graphene according to claim 1 , wherein the functional group is introduced by contacting with water claim 1 , alcohol or a combination thereof.4. The graphene according to claim 3 , wherein the functional group is introduced at the etched edge portion by contacting with steam.5. The graphene according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene is a graphene sheet formed of polycyclic aromatic molecules with covalently bonded carbon atoms claim 1 , and further wherein the graphene sheet comprises about 1 to about 300 layers of the graphene in a thickness direction claim 1 , and having dimensions of greater than or equal to about 1 mm along each of a transverse direction and a longitudinal direction.6. The graphene according to claim 1 , wherein the functional group is at least one selected from the group consisting of —C═O claim 1 , —COOH claim 1 , —C—OH claim 1 , —CH═O claim 1 , —COO claim 1 , —COOR wherein R represents C-Calkyl and a combination thereof.7. A device comprising graphene claim 1 , wherein the graphene comprises:an etched edge portion, wherein the etched edge portion comprises a functional group.8. A graphene sheet claim 1 , comprising:a plurality of layers of graphene, wherein a layer of the graphene has an etched edge portion comprising a functional group.9. The graphene sheet according to claim 8 , wherein the functional group is at least one selected from the group consisting of —C═O claim 8 , —COOH claim 8 , —C—OH ...

SALTS OF 7-AMINO-3,5-DIHYDROXYHEPTANOIC ACID ESTERS

The invention relates to salts of acids with 2-propyl esters of general formula (2) The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of salts of acids with compounds of general formula (2) and to the use thereof in the preparation of atorvastatin. 2. Salt according to wherein said organic acid is an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid claim 1 , dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid claim 1 , cycloalkene carboxylic acid claim 1 , aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid claim 1 , aromatic carboxylic acid claim 1 , heterocyclic carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid.3. Salt according to wherein said organic acid is chosen from the list consisting of acetic acid claim 1 , benzenesulfonic acid claim 1 , benzoic acid claim 1 , 4-bromo-benzenesulfonic acid claim 1 , 4-bromo-benzoic acid claim 1 , 4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid claim 1 , butyric acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , cyclobutane carboxylic acid claim 1 , cyclohexane carboxylic acid claim 1 , cyclopentane carboxylic acid claim 1 , cyclopropane carboxylic acid claim 1 , fumaric acid claim 1 , isovaleric acid claim 1 , maleic acid claim 1 , malic acid claim 1 , malonic acid claim 1 , methanesulfonic acid claim 1 , 4-methoxy-benzoic acid claim 1 , 4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid claim 1 , 3-methyl-benzoic acid claim 1 , nicotinic acid claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , pivalic acid claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , tetrahydrofurane-2-carboxylic acid claim 1 , 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid claim 1 , 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid and valeric acid.6. Method according to wherein said organic acid is an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid claim 5 , dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid claim 5 , cycloalkene carboxylic acid claim 5 , aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid claim 5 , aromatic carboxylic acid claim 5 , heterocyclic carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid.7. Method according to wherein said organic acid is acetic acid claim 5 , benzenesulfonic acid claim 5 , benzoic acid claim 5 , 4-bromo-benzenesulfonic acid claim 5 , 4-bromo- ...

SOLID FORMS OF AN N-(PHENYLMETHYL) PROPANAMIDE DERIVATIVE AND PROCESSES OF PREPARATION

The invention relates to solid forms of the anti-epileptic agent lacosamide (I). The invention also relates to mixtures of solid forms of lacosamide. The invention further relates to mixtures of lacosamide enantiomers crystallized in a conglomerate Form and the use thereof in providing enantiomerically enriched lacosamide, preferably lacosamide enriched with the (R)-enantiomer of lacosamide. 1. A mixture of lacosamide enantiomers crystallized in a conglomerate Form , wherein said mixture of lacosamide enantiomers comprises a crystalline Form of lacosamide selected from the group consisting of lacosamide crystalline Form III characterized by an XRD pattern comprising peaks (2θ) at 6.5 , 8.3 , 10.3 , 12.9 , 15.6 , 16.5 , 17.5 , 19.5 , 21.2 , 22.5 , 24.2 , 24.9 , 27.0 , and 28.5 degrees (±0.2 degrees); lacosamide crystalline Form I characterized by an XRD pattern comprising peaks (2θ) at 8.2 , 10.3 , 12.9 , 15.6 , 16.6 , 17.6 , 19.5 , 20.8 , 21.0 , 21.4 , 25.0 , 25.3 , 26.1 , 27.2 , 30.7 , 31.4 , and 36.6 degrees (±0.2 degrees);lacosamide crystalline Form II characterized by an XRD pattern comprising peaks (2θ) at 5.2, 6.6, 8.1, 10.6, 10.9, 12.5, 15.5, 16.1, 16.8, 17.4, 17.8, 20.5, 21.2, 21.5, 22.1, 22.5, 23.1, 23.8, 24.3, 25.7, 27.1, and 27.6 degrees (±0.2 degrees); lacosamide crystalline Form IV characterized by an XRD pattern comprising peaks (2θ) at 9.5, 14.3, 18.6, 20.0, 23.3 and 25.8 degrees (±0.2 degrees); and lacosamide crystalline Form T characterized by an XRD pattern comprising peaks (2θ) at 8.2, 12.9, 16.5, 19.5 and 24.8 degrees (±0.2 degrees); and mixtures of said crystalline Forms, wherein the mixture includes the (R)-enantiomer of lacosamide, and the (R)-enantiomer of lacosamide is present in an amount of at least about 80% by weight.2. The mixture of lacosamide enantiomers of claim 1 , wherein the (R)-enantiomer of lacosamide is present in an amount of at least about 90% by weight.3. The mixture of lacosamide enantiomers of claim 1 , wherein the (R)- ...

CRYSTAL OF 6,7-UNSATURATED-7-CARBAMOYL MORPHINAN DERIVATIVE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Stable crystalline forms of a compound represented by the formula (IA): 3. The crystal of the p-toluenesulfonic acid salt according to claim 2 , wherein the crystal has peaks in diffraction angles (2θ) of: 7.8°±0.2° claim 2 , 10.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 15.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 17.8°±0.2° and 21.5°±0.2° in an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum.4. The crystal of the p-toluenesulfonic acid salt according to claim 2 , wherein the crystal has peaks in diffraction angles (2θ) of: 7.8°±0.2° claim 2 , 10.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 15.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 17.8°±0.2° claim 2 , 18.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 20.4°±0.2° claim 2 , 21.5°±0.2° claim 2 , 21.9°±0.2° claim 2 , 23.6°±0.2° and 25.5°±0.2° in an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum.5. The crystal of the p-toluenesulfonic acid salt according to claim 2 , wherein an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the crystal is substantially identical with .6. A form I crystal of the p-toluenesulfonic acid salt hydrate according to claim 2 , wherein the crystal has peaks in diffraction angles (2θ) of: 12.9°±0.2° claim 2 , 17.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 22.4°±0.2° claim 2 , 25.4°±0.2° and 28.7°±0.2° in an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum.7. The form I crystal of the p-toluenesulfonic acid salt hydrate according to claim 2 , wherein the crystal has peaks in diffraction angles (2θ) of: 6.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 8.9°±0.2° claim 2 , 11.4°±0.2° claim 2 , 12.9°±0.2° claim 2 , 14.0°±0.2° claim 2 , 15.0°±0.2° claim 2 , 17.6°±0.2° claim 2 , 18.2°±0.2° claim 2 , 22.4°±0.2° claim 2 , 25.4°±0.2° and 28.7°±0.2° in an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum.8. The form I crystal of the p-toluenesulfonic acid salt hydrate according to claim 2 , wherein an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the crystal is substantially identical with .9. A form II crystal of the p-toluenesulfonic acid salt hydrate according to claim 2 , wherein the crystal has peaks in diffraction angles (2θ) of: 8.8°±0.2° claim 2 , 17.5°±0.2° claim 2 , 21.9°±0.2° claim 2 , 23.7°±0.2° and 26.1°±0.2° in an X-ray powder diffraction ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIORESOURCED PROPIONIC ACID FROM GLYCEROL

A method for producing bioresourced propionic acid from glycerol. Also, a composition comprising more than 85 mass % of bioresourced propionic acid, and to the use of the propionic acid obtained from the method as a solvent, as a food preservative, for producing herbicide or for preparing vinyl propionate. 1. A composition comprising at least 85% of propionic acid obtained from bioresourced materials , wherein the propionic acid comprises at least 0.25×10% by weight of C , this amount of C being determined by one of the methods described in the standard ASTM D6866-06.2. The composition of claim 1 , comprising at least 95% of propionic acid obtained from bioresourced materials.3. The composition of claim 1 , comprising at least 99% of propionic acid obtained from bioresourced materials.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the propionic acid comprises at least 0.5×10% by weight of C claim 1 , this amount of C being determined by one of the methods described in the standard ASTM D6866-06.5. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the propionic acid comprises at least 0.5×1010% by weight of C claim 2 , this amount of C being determined by one of the methods described in the standard ASTM D6866-06.6. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the propionic acid comprises at least 0.5×10% by weight of C claim 3 , this amount of C being determined by one of the methods described in the standard ASTM D6866-06. The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/055,263, filed on Jan. 21, 2011, which is a national stage application of International Application No. PCT/FR2009/051470, filed on Jul. 22, 2009, which claims the benefit of French Application No. 0854976, filed on Jul. 22, 2008. The entire contents of each of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/055,263, International Application No. PCT/FR2009/051470, and French Application No. 0854976 are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present invention is targeted at a process for the ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-BROMO-4,5-DIALKOXY BENZOIC ACID

Provided is a method for effectively producing a 4,5-dialkoxy-2-hydroxybenzoic acid from an inexpensive raw material. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentrated hydrochloric acid has a hydrogen chloride content of 33% or more.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of bromine in the reacting is from 1.0 to 1.1 equivalents.4. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the reacting is from 10 to 45° C.5. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein both Rand Rare methyl.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the copper compound is selected from the group consisting of copper sulfate claim 6 , cuprous chloride claim 6 , cupric chloride claim 6 , cuprous bromide claim 6 , cupric bromide claim 6 , cuprous oxide claim 6 , cupric oxide claim 6 , copper acetate claim 6 , and copper powder.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the amine compound is selected from the group consisting of pyridine claim 6 , dialkylamine claim 6 , morpholine claim 6 , piperidine claim 6 , pyrrolidine claim 6 , piperazine claim 6 , and trialkylamine.9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the hydrolyzing is under an alkaline condition.10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the concentrated hydrochloric acid has a hydrogen chloride content of 30% or more.11. The method according to claim 6 , wherein an amount of bromine in the reacting is from 1.0 to 1.1 equivalents.12. The method according to claim 6 , wherein reacting the 3 claim 6 ,4-dialkoxybenzoic acid with bromine is at a temperature of from 10 to 45° C.13. The method according to claim 6 , wherein both Rand Rare methyl. The present invention relates to a method for producing a 2-bromo-4,5-dialkoxybenzoic acid which is useful as a synthesis intermediate for pharmaceuticals, etc.4,5-Dialkoxy-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (3) is known as a raw material or synthesis intermediate of various pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. In a known method for ...

LARAZOTIDE ACETATE COMPOSITIONS

The invention provides crystalline forms of the peptide Gly-Gly-Val-Leu-Val-Gln-Pro-Gly (SEQ ID NO 1), and salts of the peptide, which may further have associated water molecules. These salts and hydrated salts of the peptide and compositions comprising these materials have advantageous pharmaceutical properties. 1. A crystalline salt of the peptide Gly-Gly-Val-Leu-Val-Gln-Pro-Gly (SEQ ID NO 1) , wherein the salt of the peptide is selected from hydrochloride or acetate.2. The crystalline salt according to claim 1 , wherein the salt of the peptide is acetate.3. The crystalline salt according to claim 2 , wherein the acetate is present at a concentration of less than 50 mole %/mole of peptide.4. The crystalline salt according to claim 2 , wherein the acetate is present at a concentration of from 20 to 30 mole %/mole of peptide.5. The crystalline salt according to claim 1 , wherein the salt of the peptide is hydrochloride.6. The crystalline salt according to claim 5 , wherein the hydrochloride salt of the peptide has a purity of at least 98.5% as determined by HPLC.7. A crystalline acetate salt of the peptide Gly-Gly-Val-Leu-Val-Gln-Pro-Gly (SEQ ID NO 1) having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks selected from 9.08±0.2 degrees 2θ claim 5 , 9.52±0.2 degrees 2θ claim 5 , 10.34±0.2 degrees 2θ claim 5 , and/or 14.24±0.2 degrees 2θ.8. The crystalline acetate salt according to having an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 14.24±0.2 degrees 2θ.9. The crystalline acetate salt according to having an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 14.24±0.2 degrees 2θ and one or more peaks selected from 9.08±0.2 degrees 2θ claim 7 , 9.52±0.2 degrees 2θ claim 7 , and/or 10.34±0.2 degrees 2θ.10. The crystalline acetate salt according to further comprising one or more of the following peaks: 18.23±0.2 degrees 2θ claim 8 , 19.08±0.2 degrees 2θ and/or 21.31±0.2 degrees 2θ.11. The crystalline acetate salt according to having an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 14.24±0.2 degrees 2θ and 18.23± ...

BACTERIAL IMAGING AGENTS AND METHODS OF USING SAME

The invention provides a family of agents that target bacterial infection, which can be used as imaging agents or therapeutic agents. The agents can be used to image sites of bacterial infection as well as other physiological processes in a subject. 1. A bacterium targeting agent comprising:a. a bacterium targeting moiety comprising a positively charged moiety optionally substituted with an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety; andb. an imaging reporter chemically linked, optionally through a linker (L) moiety to the bacterium targeting moiety.4. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the imaging reporter is selected from a group comprising: a fluorescent moiety claim 1 , a magnetic moiety claim 1 , and a radioisotope.5. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the imaging reporter bears a plurality of chemical modifying moieties.9. The agent of claim 1 , wherein the agent is fluorescent in the far-red or near-infrared wavelengths.11. The agent of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen claim 1 , alcohol claim 1 , sulfonate claim 1 , polysulfonate claim 1 , cysteic acid claim 1 , sulfonamide claim 1 , sulfoxide claim 1 , sulfone claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , ketone claim 1 , phosphonate claim 1 , phosphate; iminodiacetate claim 1 , ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid claim 1 , diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid claim 1 , tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid claim 1 , an amino acid or polyamino acid claim 1 , oligo- or polyethylene glycol claim 1 , amine claim 1 , quaternary ammonium ion claim 1 , sugars claim 1 , glucosamine claim 1 , galactosamine claim 1 , mannosamine claim 1 , polyethylene glycol (PEG) and derivatives thereof claim 1 , for example claim 1 , alkoxy polyethylene glycol (for example claim 1 , methoxypolyethylene glycol claim 1 , ethoxypolyethylene glycol and the like) claim 1 , branched polypropylene glycol claim 1 , polypropylene glycol claim 1 , a graft copolymer of poly-lysine and methoxypolyethyleneglycol claim 1 , ...

COSMETIC COMPOSITION FOR SKIN WHITENING COMPRISING SMALL MOLECULE-PEPTIDE CONJUGATE

The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for skin whitening comprising a small molecule-peptide conjugate. More specifically, it concerns the cosmetic composition for skin whitening comprising Caffeic acid-LG-NHor Coumaric acid-LG-NHas an active ingredient, which inhibits tyrosinase activity and melanin production, thereby showing an excellent skin whitening effect, and having no side effects to the skin by using a peptide component. 2. The cosmetic composition for skin whitening according to wherein the chemical compounds are contained 0.000001 to 30% by weight with respect to the total weight of the cosmetic composition.3. The cosmetic composition for skin whitening according to wherein the formulation of the skin-whitening cosmetic composition is for skin external use.4. The cosmetic composition for skin whitening according to wherein the formulation of the skin-whitening cosmetic composition is selected from a group consisting of fluid claim 1 , gel claim 1 , serum claim 1 , cream claim 1 , essence claim 1 , oil-in-water emulsion claim 1 , water-in-oil emulsion claim 1 , ointment claim 1 , and a combination thereof.5. The cosmetic composition for skin whitening according to claim 1 , further comprising an additive selected from a group consisting of oil claim 1 , water claim 1 , surfactants claim 1 , moisturizers claim 1 , lower alcohols claim 1 , thickeners claim 1 , chelation agents claim 1 , colorants claim 1 , preservatives claim 1 , perfumes claim 1 , and a mixture thereof. The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for skin whitening comprising a small molecule-peptide conjugate. More specifically, it concerns the cosmetic composition for skin whitening comprising Caffeic acid-LG-NHor Coumaric acid-LG-NHas an active ingredient, which inhibits tyrosinase activity and melanin production, thereby showing an excellent skin whitening effect, and having no side effects to the skin by using a peptide component.One of the most important ...

METHOD FOR MODULATING STEM CELL GROWTH

In one embodiment, provided is a composition including a prostaglandin compound for modulating stem cell proliferation and/or differentiation in a mammalian subject. In another embodiment, the instant application is directed to a composition which includes a prostaglandin compound for modulating proliferation and/or differentiation of stem cells of a mammalian subject, in which the stem cells are contacted directly or indirectly with the composition of the invention. 2. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein the stem cells are stem cells of human origin stem cells.3. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein the stem cells are progenitor cells.4. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein the stem cells are embryonic stem cells claim 1 , somatic stem cells or combinations thereof.5. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 16-mono or dihalogen-prostaglandin compound.6. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 15-keto-prostaglandin compound.7. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 13 claim 1 ,14-dihydro-16-mono or dihalogen-prostaglandin compound.8. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 13 claim 1 ,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin compound.9. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 13 claim 1 ,14-dihydro-15-keto-16-mono or dihalogen-prostaglandin compound.10. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 13 claim 1 ,14-dihydro-16-mono or difluoro-prostaglandin compound.11. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 15-keto-16-mono or difluoro-prostaglandin compound.12. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 13 claim 1 ,14-dihydro-15-keto-16-mono or difluoro-prostaglandin compound.13. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein said prostaglandin compound is 13 claim 1 ,14- ...

METHODS OF AND SYSTEMS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF SUBSTRATES

Provided are methods and systems for electrochemical reduction of carbon sources including, for example, carbon dioxide and carbonates. The methods and systems use a catalyst. The catalyst may comprise metals such as Fe (iron), and Ti (titanium), Ni (nickel), and Zn (zinc) and/or oxides thereof. The metals may be disposed in an aluminosilicate. The catalyst may be a porous volcanic tuff based material. The methods and systems can be used to produce various carbon-source, reduction products. 1. A method for electrochemical reduction of a carbon source comprising:contacting a carbon source and, optionally, a chloride salt, with a catalyst comprising Fe (iron) at 2-15 weight %, and Ti (titanium) at 0.3-5 weight %, Ni (nickel), and Zn (zinc) disposed in an aluminosilicate, wherein the catalyst is under an electrochemical potential, such that a carbon-source, reduction product is formed, andoptionally, separating the carbon-source, reduction product from the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon source is carbon dioxide or a carbonate material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is based on various porous volcanic tuff material.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more of Ga (gallium) claim 1 , Zirconium (Zr) claim 1 , Copper (Cu) claim 1 , and Vanadium (V).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an anode and/or a cathode in an electrochemical cell or disposed between and in electrical contact with a cathode and an anode of an electrochemical cell.6. The method claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a cathode and a carbon material is an anode of an electrochemical cell.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-source claim 1 , reduction product is chosen from carbon monoxide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , organic compounds claim 1 , chlorinated organic compounds claim 1 , chloride oxidation products claim 1 , and combinations thereof.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the chloride oxidation products ...

PROCESS FOR THE PERPARATION OF SUNITINIB AND ITS ACID ADDITION SALTS THEREOF

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of Sunitinb. The process involves the activation of 5-((Z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) methyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3carboxylic acid to corresponding suitable carboxylic acid activating group. The present invention also relates to novel acid addition salts of Sunitinb and preparation thereof. 144-. (canceled)46. The process of claim 45 , wherein the sulfonyl group is an alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl claim 45 , wherein alkyl represents Clinear or branched chain alkyl and aryl represents alkyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.47. The process of claim 45 , wherein the sulfonylating agent is p-toluene sulfonyl chloride and the sulfonyl is p-toluene sulfonyl.48. The process of claim 45 , wherein step a) is carried out in presence of a base and a catalyst in an organic solvent.49. The process of claim 48 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of triethylamine claim 48 , tributylamine claim 48 , diisopropylethylamine claim 48 , diethylamine claim 48 , N-methylmorpholine claim 48 , pyridine claim 48 , N claim 48 ,N-dimethylaniline claim 48 , N claim 48 ,N-diethylaniline claim 48 , and mixtures thereof.50. The process of claim 48 , wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of formamide claim 48 , dimethylformamide claim 48 , dimethylacetamide claim 48 , hexamethylphosphoric triamide claim 48 , and mixtures thereof.51. The process of claim 48 , wherein the catalyst is N claim 48 ,N-dimethyl amino pyridine.52. The process of claim 45 , wherein the organic solvent of step b) is selected from the group consisting of formamide claim 45 , dimethylformamide claim 45 , dimethylacetamide claim 45 , hexamethylphosphoric triamide claim 45 , and mixtures thereof.53. The process of claim 45 , wherein step a) is carried out in presence of pyridine claim 45 , N claim 45 ,N-dimethyl amino pyridine claim 45 , and dimethylformamide54. The process of claim 45 , ...

SULFONIC ACID, CARBOXYLIC ACID, AND SALTS THEREOF

A sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid containing a carbonyl group, or a salt thereof represented by the following formula: 2. The compound according to claim 1 ,wherein the compound contains 3 to 30 carbon atoms in total.3. The compound according to claim 1 ,wherein L is a single bond.4. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 2', '4, 'wherein Rand Rare each H or a C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl group.'}5. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '3', 'wherein Ris a C1-C4 alkylene group free from a substituent.'}6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ris a C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl group.7. The compound according to claim 1 ,wherein in the formula, a sum of n, p, and q is an integer of 6 or greater.8. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '1', 'wherein Rin the formula is a methyl group.'}9. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 5', '5, 'sub': '4', 'wherein X in the formula is a metal atom or NR, wherein Ris defined as described above.'}10. The compound according to claim 1 ,wherein the compound is an aqueous dispersant. The invention relates to sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, and salts thereof.Patent Literature 1 discloses a compound represented by the following formula.The invention aims to provide a novel sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid containing a carbonyl group, or a salt thereof.The invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula:whereinRis a linear or branched alkyl group containing one or more carbon atoms and optionally containing a substituent or a cyclic alkyl group containing three or more carbon atoms and optionally containing a substituent, and optionally contains a monovalent or divalent heterocycle or optionally forms a ring when containing three or more carbon atoms;Rand Rare each individually H or a substituent;Ris a C1-C10 alkylene group optionally containing a substituent;n is an integer of 1 or greater;p and q are each individually an integer of 0 or greater;A is —SOX or —COOX, wherein X is H, a ...

System And Method To Remove Organic Acid From A Rich MEG Stream By Stripping

A system and method for removing acetic acid and other short chain fatty acids described as organic acid from a rich mono-ethylene glycol (“MEG”) solution does so by stripping the organic acid from the rich MEG solution by contacting the solution with a gas, the gas being nitrogen or a fuel gas such as methane; and stripping the organic acid from the gas by contacting the gas with a caustic solution such as a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The stripping steps take place in respective stripping columns. A portion of the gas exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled to the MEG/organic acid stripping column to reduce total gas usage. A portion of the waste stream exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled back to the gas/organic acid stripping column to reduce the amount of caustic solution used as well as the amount of waste. 1. A method for removing organic acid from a MEG stream , the method comprising:stripping the organic acid from the MEG stream after a hydrate inhibition use of the MEG stream by contacting the MEG stream with a gaswherein the MEG stream after the contact with the gas is substantially free of the organic acid.2. A method according to further comprising:stripping the organic acid contained in the gas that contacted the MEG stream by contacting the gas with a caustic solutionwherein the gas after the contact with the caustic solution is substantially free of the organic acid.3. A method according to further comprising recycling a portion of the gas for use in the stripping of the organic acid from the MEG stream.4. A method according to further comprising recycling a portion of a waste stream from the stripping of the organic acid contained in the gas for use in the stripping of the organic acid contained in the gas.5. A method according to wherein the caustic solution is a sodium hydroxide solution comprising about 1% sodium hydroxide.6. A method according to further comprising adjusting claim 1 , when ...

SURFACE-TREATED CALCIUM CARBONATE FOR BINDING AND BIOREMEDIATING HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS

The invention relates to a surface-treated calcium carbonate for binding and bioremediating hydrocarbon-containing compositions, to a method for binding and bioremediating hydrocarbon-containing compositions as well as to the use of surface-treated calcium carbonate for binding and bioremediating hydrocarbon-containing compositions and to a composite material comprising the surface-treated calcium carbonate and a hydrocarbon-containing composition. 1. A surface-treated calcium carbonate for binding and bioremediating hydrocarbon-containing compositions having a degradation rate for the hydrocarbon-containing composition of at least 25% , based on the total weight of the hydrocarbon-containing composition , wherein at least 10% of the aliphatic carboxylic acid accessible surface area of the calcium carbonate is covered by a coating comprising at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid having between 5 and 24 carbon atoms and/or reaction products thereof.2. The surface-treated calcium carbonate according to claim 1 , wherein the surface-treated calcium carbonate comprises ground calcium carbonate and/or precipitated calcium carbonate and/or surface-modified calcium carbonate claim 1 , preferably ground calcium carbonate.3. The surface-treated calcium carbonate according to claim 2 , wherein the source of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) is selected from marble claim 2 , chalk claim 2 , calcite claim 2 , dolomite claim 2 , limestone and mixtures thereof and/or the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is selected from one or more of the aragonitic claim 2 , vateritic and calcitic mineralogical crystal forms.4. The surface-treated calcium carbonate according to claim 1 , wherein the surface-treated calcium carbonate has a weight median particle diameter dvalue of between 0.1 μm and 250 μm claim 1 , preferably between 1 μm and 200 μm claim 1 , more preferably between 1 μm and 150 μm claim 1 , even more preferably between 1 μm and 100 μm and most preferably between 3 μm and 100 ...

Substituted Aromatic Compounds and Related Method for the Treatment of Fibrosis

The present invention relates to compounds of: 122-. (canceled)24. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound is sodium claim 23 , potassium claim 23 , lithium claim 23 , ammonium claim 23 , calcium claim 23 , magnesium claim 23 , manganese claim 23 , zinc claim 23 , iron claim 23 , or copper.25. The compound of claim 24 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound is sodium.29. A method for reducing collagen production in cells claim 23 , comprising contacting the cells with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in .31. A method for preventing and/or slowing progression of and/or treating a fibrotic disease in a subject in need thereof claim 23 , comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in .32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the fibrotic disease is pulmonary fibrosis claim 30 , liver fibrosis claim 30 , skin fibrosis claim 30 , renal fibrosis claim 30 , pancreas fibrosis claim 30 , systemic sclerosis claim 30 , cardiac fibrosis or macular degeneration.33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is between about 1 to about 50 mg/kg claim 31 , the compound is administered orally claim 31 , and the subject is human.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is between about 1 to about 20 mg/kg.35. The method according to claim 32 , wherein the pulmonary fibrosis is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; sarcoidosis; cystic fibrosis; familial pulmonary fibrosis; silicosis; asbestosis; coal worker's pneumoconiosis; carbon pneumoconiosis; hypersensitivity pneumonitides; pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalation of inorganic dust; pulmonary fibrosis caused by an infectious agent; pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalation of noxious gases claim 32 , aerosols claim 32 , chemical dusts claim 32 , fumes or vapors; drug-induced interstitial lung disease; pulmonary hypertension or ...

Novel organic crystalline salt of haloacetic acid

The present invention specifically relates to novel salt and crystalline form of haloacetic acid and its process of preparation. The invention more particularly relates to novel crystalline form dichloroacetate tromethamine salt and its process of preparation. The present invention more specifically relates to the dichloroacetate tromethamine salt, its process and its use for the treatment of various diseases and/or disorders.

METHOD FOR TREATING NEUROPATHIC PAIN

A method for treating neuropathic pain in a mammalian subject, which comprises administering an effective amount of a fatty acid derivative, is provided. 2. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein Z is C═O.3. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein B is —CH—CH—.4. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein B is —CH—CH— and Z is C═O.5. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein L is hydroxy or oxo claim 1 , M is hydrogen or hydroxy claim 1 , N is hydrogen claim 1 , B is —CH—CH— and Z is C═O.6. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein Ra is saturated C4-C7 (e.g. C5 or C6) aliphatic hydrocarbon residue substituted with one or more halogens (e.g. one or two halogens).7. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated bivalent straight or branched C5-C9(e.g. C6 or C7) aliphatic hydrocarbon residue.8. The method as described in claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid derivative is selected from the group consisting of (−)-7-[(1R claim 1 ,2R)-2-(4 claim 1 ,4-difluoro-3-oxooctyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoic acid claim 1 , (E)-7-[(1R claim 1 ,2R)-2-(4 claim 1 ,4-difluoro-3-oxooctyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-2-enoic acid claim 1 , isomers thereof and functional derivatives thereof.9. The method as described in claim 1 , which comprises the repeated administration to the subject.10. The method as described in claim 1 , which comprises the improvement of pain-associated quality of life. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/868,750 filed Aug. 22, 2013 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/918,124 filed Dec. 19, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.The present invention relates to use of a fatty acid derivative for treating neuropathic pain in a mammalian subject.Neuropathic pain is a complex, chronic pain state that usually is accompanied by tissue injury. With neuropathic pain, the nerve fibers themselves may be damaged, dysfunctional, or injured. These ...

PKC-ACTIVATING COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

The present invention relates to methods of activate an isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) for the treatment of neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease and stroke using cyclopropanated or epoxidized derivatives of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present invention also relates to methods of reducing neurodegeneration using cyclopropanated or epoxidized derivatives of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1. A method of activating an epsilon isoform of protein kinase C comprising contacting the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C with an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from: a cis-polyunsaturated fatty alcohol in which at least one of the double bonds is replaced by a cyclopropyl group; a cis-polyunsaturated fatty acid in which at least one of the double bonds is replaced by an epoxyl group; a cis-polyunsaturated fatty acid ester in which at least one of the double bonds is replaced by an epoxy group; a cis-polyunsaturated fatty alcohol in which at least one of the double bonds is replaced by an epoxyl group; a cis-monounsaturated fatty acid in which the double bond is replaced by a cyclopropyl group; a cis-monounsaturated fatty acid ester in which the double bond is replaced by a cyclopropyl group; and a cis-monounsaturated fatty alcohol in which the double bond is replaced by a cyclopropyl group.23-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one compound is a cis-polyunsaturated fatty alcohol in which at least one of the double bonds is replaced by a cyclopropyl group and the polyunsaturated fatty acid from which the fatty alcohol is derived is chosen from arachidonic acid claim 1 , docosapentaenoic acid claim 1 , docosahexaenoic acid claim 1 , eicosapentaenoic acid claim 1 , linoleic acid claim 1 , γ-linoleic acid claim 1 , α-linolenic acid claim 1 , eicosatetraenoic acid claim 1 , adrenic acid claim 1 , and derivatives thereof.510-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one compound is ...

1-PHENYLALKANECARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Administration of certain 1-phenylalkanecarboxylic acid derivatives is useful for treating, preventing and/or reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease and multiple sclerosis. 2. A method according to claim 1 , comprising administering claim 1 , to a subject in need thereof claim 1 , an effective amount of compound selected from the group consisting of:1-(2-fluoro-4′-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(2-fluoro-3′-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(2-fluoro-4′-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(2-fluoro-3′-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-4-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-[2-fluoro-4′-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxy)-biphenyl-4-yl]-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(2,3′,4′-trifluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(3′,4′-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(3′-chloro-2,4′-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-[2-fluoro-4′-(4-oxo-cyclohexyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;2-(2″-fluoro-4-hydroxy-[1,1′; 4′,1′]terphenyl-4″-yl)propionic acid;1-(2,2′,4″-trifluoro[1,1′; 4′,1″]terphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(2′,2″-difluoro-4-hydroxy[1,1′; 4′,1″]terphenyl-4″-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid;1-(2,2′-difluoro-4″-hydroxy[1,1′; 4″,1″]terphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid; ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound.3. A method according to claim 1 , comprising administering claim 1 , to a subject in need thereof claim 1 , an effective amount of 1-(3′ claim 1 ,4′-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said subject has been identified as being at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said subject has been identified as expressing a variant of TREM2.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said subject has been identified as expressing the R47H variant of TREM2.7. A method ...

Direct conversion of esters to carboxylates

A calcium carboxylate is prepared by reacting water, calcium oxide, and a compound of formula (I):wherein R is a C1-C3 alkyl and R1 is a C1 or C2 alkyl. The reaction solution is heated to remove an amount of a co-product from the reaction solution. The calcium carboxylate may be recovered in a solid form from the reaction solution.

MOLECULAR WEIGHT CONTROLLING AGENT FOR RADICAL POLYMERIZATION, METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYMER USING SAME, AND POLYMER

The present invention's purpose is to provide: a molecular-weight controlling agent for radical polymerization which enables controlled radical polymerization of a water-soluble monomer in an aqueous medium; a method for producing a polymer of a water-soluble vinyl monomer using the same; and a water-soluble vinyl monomer polymer. The present invention provides a molecular-weight controlling agent for radical polymerization characterized in that the agent comprises, as its active ingredient, an iodine compound represented by formula (1) and in that the solubility of the active ingredient in water is 0.5 weight % or more at 20° C. 2. The molecular weight controlling agent for radical polymerization according to claim 1 , wherein two or more groups of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand X are bonded to each other and form a saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , 5- or 6-membered ring.3. The molecular weight controlling agent for radical polymerization according to claim 1 , wherein the active ingredient has a hydrophilic functional group.4. The molecular weight controlling agent for radical polymerization according to claim 3 , wherein the hydrophilic functional group is a carboxyl group claim 3 , a salt of a carboxyl group claim 3 , a hydroxyl group or an amide group.5. The molecular weight controlling agent for radical polymerization according to claim 1 , which is to be used for radical polymerization of a water-soluble vinyl monomer.6. The molecular weight controlling agent for radical polymerization according to claim 1 , wherein the solubility of the active ingredient in water is 1% by weight or more at 20° C.8. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 7 , wherein two or more groups of R claim 7 , R claim 7 , R claim 7 , Rand X are bonded to each other and form a saturated or unsaturated claim 7 , 5- or 6-membered ring.9. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 7 , wherein the active ingredient has a carboxyl group claim 7 , a salt of ...

CRYSTAL OF 6,7-UNSATURATED-7-CARBAMOYL MORPHINAN DERIVATIVE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Stable crystalline forms of a compound represented by the formula (IA): 1. A compound of the formula (IID):{'sup': '1', 'wherein Ris hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group.'} This application is a division of application Ser. No. 15/261,836, filed Sep. 9, 2016, which is a division of application Ser. No. 15/071,147, filed Mar. 15, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,464,094, issued Oct. 11, 2016, which is a division of application Ser. No. 14/818,130, filed Aug. 4, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,315,312, issued Apr. 19, 2016, which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/884,770, filed May 10, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,108,975, issued Aug. 18, 2015, which is a National Stage of PCT/JP 2011/076034, filed Nov. 11, 2011, and claims foreign priority to JP 2010-253688, filed Nov. 12, 2010, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to crystal of a morphinan derivative and a method for producing the same. In more detail, the present invention relates to crystal of a 6,7-unsaturated-7-carbamoyl morphinan derivative, an acid addition salt thereof and/or solvates thereof, and a method for producing the same.In a drug delivery, crystalline forms having useful and outstanding chemical and/or physical properties are desired.The patent document 1 describes that a 6,7-unsaturated-7-carbamoyl morphinan derivative represented by the following formula:is useful as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent of the emesis and/or constipation. Although the following compound (I-284):is disclosed in a form of free salt in Examples of the patent, an acid addition salt and/or a solvate are not specifically disclosed. Further, there is no description at all about the crystal thereof.As a method for preparing the 6,7-unsaturated-7-carbamoyl morphinan derivative, all that disclosed is a method for synthesizing a corresponding 7-carbamoyl derivative from 7-carboxy derivative as shown by the following formula:[Patent document 1] International Patent Application ...

METHODS FOR PREPARING METHACRYLIC ACID FROM BIOBASED STARTING MATERIALS

Described herein are methods for preparing methacrylic acid from biobased starting materials. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ris oxo.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydroxyl.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula I is selected from isobutanol and isobutanal.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from ozone claim 1 , potassium permanganate claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , chromic acid and chromium trioxide.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the oxidizing agent is potassium permanganate.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isobutyric acid is halogenated with a halogen selected from fluorine claim 1 , chlorine claim 1 , bromine claim 1 , and iodine.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isobutyric acid is halogenated with chlorine.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein step b) is carried out in the presence of acetic anhydride.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of purifying the methacrylic acid.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the methacrylic acid is purified by distillation.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula I is prepared by fermentation.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the 3-haloisobutryic acid is dehalogenated using an inorganic base.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inorganic base is selected from sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the inorganic base is sodium hydroxide.16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of esterifying the methacrylic acid to obtain a methacrylate ester.17. A coating or a substrate comprising a product of the method of .18. The coating of claim 17 , wherein the substrate is a flooring product19. The coating of claim 18 , wherein the flooring product is a tile.20. The coating of claim 19 , wherein the tile is selected from a linoleum tile and a vinyl tile. This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/878,501, filed 16 Sep. ...

COMPLEX ZINC AND ALPHA-CHLOROCARBOXYLIC ACID COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING SKIN LESIONS

The invention relates to the field of medicine, and specifically to preparations for treating skin lesions, in particular viral, benign, precancerous and cancerous, non-metastasizing, dysplastic and inflammatory lesions of the visible mucous membranes, and also viral and fungal skin and nail lesions, and for correcting wrinkles and senile pigment blemishes, said preparations comprising solutions of complex compounds of salts of zinc and alpha-chlorocarboxylic acids of general formula [Zn(RCHClCOOH) (HO)].2[RCHClCOO], where R=alkyl, H or Cl, x=1-2 and n=0-4, in a corresponding alpha-chlorocarboxylic acid, wherein the content of zinc in the solution is 0.25-10.0% and the content of acid is 10-90%. The preparation may additionally contain an additive perfume, for example an ethyl ester of the corresponding alpha-chlorocarboxylic acid. The treatment method consists in that 2-5 doses of the preparation, which has been precooled to 10-15° C., are applied to the affected skin portion with a delay of 1-3 mins between the first and subsequent applications of the preparation. The preparations are stable on storage. 3. A pharmaceutical composition for treating skin lesions claim 1 , and claim 1 , in particular claim 1 , viral claim 1 , benign claim 1 , premalignant claim 1 , and malignant non-metastasizing skin lesions claim 1 , dysplastic (pre-tumor) and inflammatory lesions of visible mucous membranes as well as virus and fungous nail and skin lesions claim 1 , and for wrinkle and senile nevus pigmentosis correction by acid necrosis claim 1 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is a solution of the coordination compound of of the general formula{'br': None, 'sub': 2−x', 'x', 'n', '2', '4−n', '2−x', 'x, 'sup': +2', '−, '[Zn(RCHClCOOH)(HO)]. 2[RCHClCOO],'}wherein R=alkyl, H or Cl, x=1-2, and n=0-4,{'sub': 2−x', 'x, 'in a halide carboxylic acid of formula RCHClCOOH.'}4. The pharmaceutical composition for treating skin lesions of claim 1 , wherein said pharmaceutical ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PALLADIUM SALT

The present invention relates to a method for the production of palladium(0) powder in which a palladium(0) starting powder is subjected to a thermal treatment in a furnace at a temperature of no more than 370° C. in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. 18.-. (canceled)9. A method of producing a palladium salt comprising using a palladium(0) powder as an educt for the production , wherein the palladium(0) powder is obtained by subjecting a palladium(0) starting powder to a thermal treatment in a furnace at a temperature of no more than 370° C. in a hydrogen gas atmosphere.10. A method for producing a palladium salt , comprising:(i) producing a palladium(0) powder by subjecting a palladium(0) starting powder to a thermal treatment in a furnace at a temperature of no more than 370° C. in a hydrogen gas atmosphere; and(ii) converting the palladium(0) powder with a mineral acid.11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the mineral acid is nitric acid claim 10 , sulfuric acid claim 10 , hydrochloric acid or a mixture of at least two of these mineral acids.12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the conversion in step (ii) proceeds in the presence of a carboxylic acid claim 10 , a carboxylic acid anhydride claim 10 , or a mixture thereof. This application is a Section 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2015/068294, filed Aug. 18, 2015, which was published in the German language on Feb. 25, 2016 under International Publication No. WO 2016/026847 A1 and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to a method for the production of an active palladium(0) powder.Powdered palladium is used in many different applications, for example as a catalyst or as an educt for conversion with suitable reaction partners.Palladium(0) powder (i.e. powdered metallic palladium of oxidation stage 0) and/or palladium(0) sponges are used in applications including the synthesis of palladium salts, such as, e.g., palladium(II) nitrate or ...

PREPARATION OF RHODIUM(III)-2-ETHYLHEXANOATE

The present invention provides a method for preparing rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate solutions which supplies the reaction product with higher space yield, as well as lower sodium and chloride ion content. An aqueous solution of an alkali salt of 2-ethylhexanoate is thereby initially converted with a rhodium (III) precursor. The rhodium (III) precursor is selected from rhodium (III) chloride solution, rhodium (III) chloride hydrate, and rhodium (III) nitrate. The mixture is heated for several hours. After cooling to room temperature, the rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate formed is extracted from the aqueous solution with an alcohol that is immiscible in water or a carboxylic acid that is immiscible in water, and optionally washed with aqueous mineral acid. The rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate solution obtainable in this way may be used directly as catalyst in hydroformylation reactions. 19.-. (canceled)11. Rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate according to claim 10 , wherein the rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate is essentially free of rhodium (II) ethylhexanoate claim 10 , which means that the UV/VIS spectroscopic measurement of a solution with a rhodium content of 1.9-2.1 wt % in 2 mm QS cuvettes at 597 nm exhibits an absorption band of an intensity less than or equal to 0.350.12. A catalyst which comprises the rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate according to .13. A method for hydroformylation reactions comprising the steps of{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00010', 'claim 10'}, 'providing rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate according to or a solution thereof;'}employing the rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate or its solution so obtained as a catalyst in the hydroformylation reaction.14. Rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate according to claim 10 , wherein the mixing of the aqueous solution of the alkali salt of 2-ethylhexanoate and the aqueous solution of the rhodium (III) precursors in accordance with step c) takes place discontinuously claim 10 , wherein the solution of the rhodium (III) precursor is ...

METAL SOAP AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

A metal soap, including metal soap particles in which a fatty acid has from 6 to 22 carbons, and an inorganic crystal nucleating agent with an average particle size of 0.01 to 20 μm absorbed internally into the metal soap particles, wherein the cumulative diameter at 50% of the metal soap particles on a volumetric basis is 1.0 to 30.0 μm, and the internal absorption rate A, represented by formula (1) below, is 30% or greater. 1. A metal soap , comprising metal soap particles in which a fatty acid has from 6 to 22 carbons , and an inorganic crystal nucleating agent with an average particle size of 0.01 to 20 μm absorbed internally into the metal soap particles , wherein the cumulative diameter at 50% of the metal soap particles on a volumetric basis is 1.0 to 30.0 μm , and the internal absorption rate A , represented by formula (1) below , is 30% or greater.{'br': None, 'i': A=', 'X/X, 'Internal absorption rate 100−(′)×100 \u2003\u2003Formula (1)'}X; amount of inorganic crystal nucleating agent contained within metal soap,X′; amount of inorganic crystal nucleating agent contained within pulverized metal soap passed through a 325-mesh filter.(wherein X and X′ are average values obtained by elemental analysis at three locations in an area of 15 μm square, using a scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), under conditions of an accelerating voltage of 10 kV and a height of 15 mm)3. The metal soap according to claim 1 , wherein the metal soap is a zinc salt or a calcium salt.4. The metal soap according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic crystal nucleating agent is one or more agents selected from the group consisting of silica claim 1 , zinc oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , boron nitride claim 1 , talc claim 1 , mica claim 1 , synthetic mica claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , and sericite.5. A method for manufacturing the metal soap according to through reaction claim 1 , by a double decomposition method claim 1 ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

The invention relates to compositions and methods, including polynucleotide sequences, amino acid sequences, and engineered host cells for producing fatty acids and derivates of fatty acids such as acyl-CoA, terminal olefins, fatty aldehydes, fatty alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, wax esters, ketones and internal olefins through altered expression of the transcription factor, fadR. 1. A method of producing a fatty acid or derivative thereof , comprising:(a) providing a host cell which is genetically engineered to have an altered level of expression of a FadR polypeptide as compared to the level of expression of the FadR polypeptide in a corresponding wild-type host cell,(b) culturing the engineered host cell in a culture medium under conditions permissive for the production of a fatty acid or derivative thereof, and(c) isolating the fatty acid or derivative thereof from the engineered host cell, wherein one or more of the titer, yield, or productivity of the fatty acid or derivative thereof produced by the engineered host cell is increased relative to that of the corresponding wild-type host cell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the altered level of expression of the FadR polypeptide in the engineered host cell is increased as compared to the level of expression of the FadR polypeptide in the corresponding wild-type host cell.3Escherichia, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Cronobacter, Yersinia, Serratia, Erwinia, Pectobacterium, Photorhabdus, Edwardsiella, ShewanellaVibrio.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FadR polypeptide is encoded by a fadR gene obtained from claim 1 , or4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FadR polypeptide is a wild-type FadR polypeptide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FadR polypeptide is a mutant FadR polypeptide.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the FadR polypeptide comprises a mutation at amino acid 219 of SEQ ID NO: 1.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the mutation is a substitution of the amino acid 219 of SEQ ...

Neo-Acids and Process for Making the Same

This disclosure relates to neo-acids and processes for making neo-acids from a vinylidene olefin. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare independently each a C2 to C30 linear or branched alkyl group.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris a linear alkyl group.4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris selected from n-butyl claim 2 , n-hexyl claim 2 , n-octyl claim 2 , n-decyl claim 2 , n-dodecyl claim 2 , n-tetradecyl claim 2 , n-hexadecyl claim 2 , n-octadecyl claim 2 , n-icosyl claim 2 , n-docosyl claim 2 , n-tetracosyl claim 2 , n-hexacosyl claim 2 , and n-octacosyl.5. The compound of claim 3 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris selected from n-butyl claim 3 , n-hexyl claim 3 , n-octyl claim 3 , n-decyl claim 3 , and n-dodecyl.6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare identical.7. The compound of claim 1 , which is selected from: 2-methyl-2-propylheptanoic acid; 2-butyl-2-methylhexanoic acid; 2-ethyl-2-methyloctanoic acid; 2-butyl-2-methyloctanoic acid; 2-butyl-2-methyldecanoic acid; 2-hexyl-2-methyloctanoic acid; 2-hexyl-2-methyldecanoic acid; 2-methyl-2-octyldecanoic acid; 2-hexyl-2-methyldodecanoic acid; 2-methyl-2-octyldodecanoic acid; 2-decyl-2-methyldodecanoic acid; 2-decyl-2-methyltetradecanoic acid; 2-methyl-2-octyltetradecanoic acid; 2-dodecyl-2-methyltetradecanoic acid; 2-dodecyl-2-methylhexadecanoic acid; 2-decyl-2-methylhexadecanoic acid; 2-methyl-2-tetradecylhexadecanoic acid; 2-methyl-2-tetradecyloctadecanoic acid; 2-dodecyl-2-methyloctadecanoic acid; 2-methyl-2-tetradecylicosanoic acid; 2-hexadecyl-2-methylicosanoic acid; and 2-hexadecyl-2-methyloctadecanoic acid.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein in step (II) claim 8 , carbon monoxide in the reactor reaches at least 3.5 MPa.10. The process of claim 8 , wherein in step (II) claim 8 , the acid catalyst is not added into the reactor until after the partial pressure of CO in the reactor has reached 5.0 MPa.11. The process of claim 8 , wherein steps ...

DERIVATIVES OF 10-METHYLENE LIPIDS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING SUCH DERIVATIVES AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to derivatives of 10-methylene lipids, their preparation and their use. 1. Intermediate product for preparing a product chosen at least from polyamides , polyesters , lactams and lactones , and optionally said intermediate product having a saturated aliphatic linear chain of 14-20 carbon atoms , said aliphatic linear chain havinga terminal group chosen from a carboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid ester,a methyl group branched in the Δ10 position,{'sub': '2', 'a functional group bound to the carbon of the said branched methyl group, this functional group being chosen from bromo (—Br), hydroxyl (—OH) and amino (—NH) groups, wherein bromo (—Br) is preferred.'}2. Intermediate product according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic linear chain has 16 claim 1 , 17 or 18 carbon atoms claim 1 , preferably claim 1 , 16 or 18.3. Intermediate product according to any one of or claim 1 , wherein the terminal group is an ester chosen from methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , propyl and isopropyl esters.4. Composition comprising at least one intermediate product of any one of to claim 1 , optionally in mixture with other lipids.5. Process for preparing the intermediate product of any one of to or the composition of claim 1 , said process comprising the following steps:{'sub': '2', 'a) providing at least one 10-methylene-substituted lipid comprising an aliphatic linear chain of 14-20 carbon atoms having a methylene (═CH) group branched in the Δ10 position and a terminal group chosen from a carboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid ester, optionally in mixture with other lipids,'} a saturated aliphatic linear chain with the same number of carbon atoms than the aliphatic linear chain of the 10-methylene-substituted lipid,', 'a methyl group branched in the Δ10 position, and', {'sub': '2', 'a functional group bound to the carbon of the branched methyl group, chosen from bromo (—Br), hydroxyl (—OH) and amino (—NH) groups, preferably bromo (—Br).'}], 'b) reacting ...

SALTS AND CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF A PD-1/PD-L1 INHIBITOR

This application relates to solid forms and salt forms of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 4,4′-(((((2,2′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,3′-diyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2,5-diyl))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid), including processes of preparation thereof, where the solid forms and salt forms are useful in the treatment of various diseases including infectious diseases and cancer. 1. A salt , which is 4 ,4′-(((((2 ,2′-dichloro-[1 ,1′-biphenyl]-3 ,3′-diyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(1-methyl-1 ,4 ,6 ,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4 ,5-c]pyridine-2 ,5-diyl))bis(ethane-2 ,1-diyl))bis(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid) di-hydrochloric acid salt.2. The salt of claim 1 , having Form I.3. The salt of claim 2 , having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern as substantially shown in .4. The salt of claim 2 , having a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in .5. The salt of claim 2 , having a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) thermogram substantially as depicted in .6. The salt of claim 2 , having at least one X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) peak claim 2 , in terms of 2-theta (±0.2 degrees) claim 2 , selected from 5.7 claim 2 , 8.5 claim 2 , 9.6 claim 2 , 9.9 claim 2 , 11.8 claim 2 , 12.3 claim 2 , 13.1 claim 2 , 13.4 claim 2 , 13.8 claim 2 , 14.2 claim 2 , 14.5 claim 2 , 15.4 claim 2 , 15.8 claim 2 , 16.8 claim 2 , 17.3 and 17.6 degrees.7. The salt of claim 2 , having at least two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) peaks claim 2 , in terms of 2-theta (±0.2 degrees) claim 2 , selected from 5.7 claim 2 , 8.5 claim 2 , 9.6 claim 2 , 9.9 claim 2 , 11.8 claim 2 , 12.3 claim 2 , 13.1 claim 2 , 13.4 claim 2 , 13.8 claim 2 , 14.2 claim 2 , 14.5 claim 2 , 15.4 claim 2 , 15.8 claim 2 , 16.8 claim 2 , 17.3 and 17.6 degrees.8. The salt of claim 2 , having at least three X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) peaks claim 2 , in terms of 2-theta (±0.2 degrees) claim 2 , selected from 5.7 claim 2 , 8.5 claim 2 , ...

Glycidyl esters of alpha, alpha branched acids compositions

The invention relates to compositions of α,α-branched alkane carboxylic acids glycidyl esters with a defined isomeric composition where the sum of the concentration of the blocked and of the highly branched isomers is maximum 55% preferably below 40%, and most preferably below 30%. The mixture of neononanoic acid glycidyl esters comprising at least 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester and 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester and 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters.

Acetatic abiraterone trifluoroacetate and preparation method and application of same

Provided are acetaic abiraterone trifluoroacetate, a preparation method and an application of same. The acetaic abiraterone trifluoroacetate is obtained through a salt-forming reaction between acetaic Abiraterone and trifluoroacetic acid. The acetaic abiraterone trifluoroacetate undergoes self-purification through recrystallization, and dissociation and recrystallization are performed on the purified abiraterone acetate trifluoroacetate, so that the obtained acetaic abiraterone has a high purity, a high yield and stable quality, and is capable of meeting the requirement for mass production of acetaic abiraterone.

METHOD OF PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID FLUORIDE

An object is to provide a method of producing a carboxylic acid fluoride at an increased product yield in a reaction system without forming HCl as a by-product, in other words, without forming a complex between HCl and a carboxylic acid fluoride as a product. Another object is to provide a method of producing a carboxylic acid fluoride without the necessity of using a photoreaction apparatus or a specific hydrogen fluoride adduct and hence without problems of complicating the process. 1. A method of producing a carboxylic acid fluoride , comprising reacting a carboxylic acid chloride with a metal fluoride.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid is a carboxylic acid having a carbon number of 1 to 7.3. The method according to wherein the carboxylic acid is a carboxylic acid substituted with fluorine.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the carboxylic acid is a perfluorocarboxylic acid.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the carboxylic acid is trifluoroacetic acid.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal fluoride is supported on at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of activated carbon claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , zeolites claim 1 , and metal foams.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal fluoride is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal fluoride claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal fluoride claim 1 , and a transition metal fluoride.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the alkali metal fluoride is at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium fluoride claim 7 , sodium fluoride claim 7 , cesium fluoride claim 7 , and potassium fluoride.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the alkaline earth metal fluoride is at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium fluoride claim 7 , calcium fluoride claim 7 , and barium fluoride.10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the transition metal fluoride is at least one ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURE AND TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE INFRARED REFLECTION DEVICE

Disclosed are a liquid crystal mixture and a temperature-responsive infrared reflection device made by using the liquid crystal mixture containing potassium laurate. Infrared light can pass through the device within a non-working temperature range, and a chiral dopant enables potassium laurate to form a cholesteric phase within a working temperature range. The birefringence value of the potassium laurate gradually increases with the increase of temperature between 12.5° C. and 26° C., so that the infrared reflection bandwidth of the device constantly increases. The birefringence value of the potassium laurate gradually decreases with the increase of temperature between 26° C. and 54.5° C., so that the infrared reflection bandwidth of the device constantly decreases. The infrared reflection bandwidth of the infrared reflection device can vary with temperature by adjusting the proportions of the ingredients of the liquid crystal mixture containing potassium laurate, so that the device can satisfy the demands of people which vary with the environment, and can be applied in many fields such as households and buildings. 1. A liquid crystal mixture , comprising:potassium laurate;heavy water;organic alcohol; anda chiral dopant.2. The liquid crystal mixture of claim 1 , wherein the organic alcohol is one selected from the group consisting of n-decanol claim 1 , iso-decanol claim 1 , and n-octanol.3. The liquid crystal mixture of claim 1 , wherein the chiral dopant is selected from one of S1011 and R1011.4. The liquid crystal mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal mixture comprises:24.03 to 28.9 parts by weight of potassium laurate;5.7 to 7.3 parts by weight of heavy water;59.8 to 69.2 parts by weight of the organic alcohol; and2.71 to 2.83 parts by weight of the chiral dopant.5. A temperature-responsive infrared reflection device claim 1 , comprising the liquid crystal mixture of .6. The temperature-responsive infrared reflection device of claim 5 , ...

COMPLEX ZINC AND ALPHA-CHLOROCARBOXYLIC ACID COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING SKIN LESIONS

The invention relates to the field of medicine, and specifically to preparations for treating skin lesions, in particular viral, benign, precancerous and cancerous, non-metastasizing, dysplastic and inflammatory lesions of the visible mucous membranes, and also viral and fungal skin and nail lesions, and for correcting wrinkles and senile pigment blemishes, said preparations comprising solutions of complex compounds of salts of zinc and alpha-chlorocarboxylic acids of general formula [Zn(RCHClCOOH) (HO)].2[RCHClCOO], where R=alkyl, H or Cl, x=1-2 and n=0-4, in a corresponding alpha-chlorocarboxylic acid, wherein the content of zinc in the solution is 0.25-10.0% and the content of acid is 10-90%. The preparation may additionally contain an additive perfume, for example an ethyl ester of the corresponding alpha-chlorocarboxylic acid. The treatment method consists in that 2-5 doses of the preparation, which has been precooled to 10-15° C., are applied to the affected skin portion with a delay of 1-3 mins between the first and subsequent applications of the preparation. The preparations are stable on storage. 3. A pharmaceutical composition for treating skin lesions claim 1 , and claim 1 , in particular claim 1 , viral claim 1 , benign claim 1 , premalignant claim 1 , and malignant non-metastasizing skin lesions claim 1 , dysplastic (pre-tumor) and inflammatory lesions of visible mucous membranes as well as virus and fungous nail and skin lesions claim 1 , and for wrinkle and senile nevus pigmentosis correction by acid necrosis claim 1 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is a solution of the coordination compound of of the general formula{'br': None, 'sub': 2−x', 'x', 'n', '2', '4−n', '2−x', 'x, 'sup': +2', '−, '[Zn(RCHClCOOH)(HO)]. 2[RCHClCOO],'}wherein R=alkyl, H or Cl, x=1-2, and n=0-4,{'sub': 2−x', 'x, 'in a halide carboxylic acid of formula RCHClCOOH.'}4. The pharmaceutical composition for treating skin lesions of claim 1 , wherein said pharmaceutical ...

USE OF HETEROLEPTIC INDIUM HYDROXIDES AS PRECURSORS FOR INP NANOCRYSTALS

The present invention is in the field of nanostructure synthesis. The present invention is directed to methods for producing nanostructures, particularly Group III-V semiconductor nanostructures. The present invention is also directed to preparing Group III inorganic compounds that can be used as precursors for nanostructure synthesis. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein 0 Подробнее

FLUORINATION OF ACRYLATE ESTERS AND DERIVATIVES

The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent. 2. The process of wherein Ris methoxy.3. The process of wherein Ris hydroxy.4. The process of wherein Ris chloro.5. The process of wherein Ris methoxy.7. The process of wherein the hydrofluorocarbon solvent has a melting point less than about −20° C. and a boiling point greater than about 30° C.89.-. (canceled)10. The process of wherein the hydrofluorocarbon solvent is 2H claim 1 ,3H-decafluoropentane claim 1 , eicosafluorononane claim 1 , tetradecafluorohexane claim 1 , tetradecafluoro-2-methylpentane claim 1 , hexafluorobenzene claim 1 , octadecafluorodecahydronaphthalene claim 1 , octadecafluorooctane claim 1 , octafluorocyclopentene claim 1 , octafluorotoluene claim 1 , perfluoro(1 claim 1 ,3-dimethylcyclohexane) claim 1 , perfluoroheptane claim 1 , perfluoro(2-butyltetrahydrofuran) claim 1 , perfluorotriethylamine claim 1 , heptacosafluorotributylamine claim 1 , tetradecafluoromethylcyclohexane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3-pentafluorobutane claim 1 , or a combination thereof.11. The process of wherein the hydrofluorocarbon solvent is 2H claim 10 ,3H-decafluoropentane.12. The process of wherein the reaction mixture has a temperature from about −80° C. to about −20° C.1314.-. (canceled)1514. The process of claim wherein the reaction mixture further comprises a fluorination additive and the fluorination additive is an alcohol claim 10 , an acid claim 10 , or a combination thereof.16. The process of wherein the fluorination additive is the alcohol claim 15 , and the alcohol comprises ethanol claim 15 , methanol claim 15 , trifluoroethanol claim 15 , or a combination thereof; or the fluorination additive is the acid claim 15 , and the acid comprises triflic acid claim 15 , trifluoroacetic acid ...

Isolation of Cysteine Containing Peptides

The disclosure provides a capture system and methods for isolating cysteine-containing peptides from biological fluid and proteolytic mixtures. The disclosure also provides compounds of formulae (II), (III), and (IV), useful in methods of the invention. 1. A method for isolating a protein , the method comprising reacting a cysteine moiety of a protein with a capture system.23-. (canceled)4. A capture system of the formula:{'br': None, 'R′—X′—Z′'}whereinR′ is a solid support;X′ is absent or a polymer linker; andZ′ is a capture group, wherein the capture group is capable of reacting with a disulfide or a thiol group.50. A capture system according to claim , wherein R′ is a polymer resin.60. A capture system according to claim , wherein the polymer resin comprises a copolymer of polyalcohol and carboxylic acid monomers.710-. (canceled)11. A capture system according to claim Error! Reference source not found. , wherein the polymer linker is a copolymer comprising polyether and carboxylic acid monomers.13. A capture system according to any one of claim 4 , wherein Z′ is a capture group claim 4 , wherein the capture group is capable of reacts reacting with a disulfide or a thiol group under non-reducing claim 4 , non-denaturing reaction conditions.140. A capture system according to claim claim 4 , wherein the conditions are under pH of about 6.0 to about 8.0.1620-. (canceled)23. A method for isolating proteins claim 4 , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, '1) contacting the capture system according to any one of with a biological fluid to obtain captured proteins; and'}2) cleaving the captured proteins.240. A method according to claim claim 4 , wherein contacting results in reacting cysteine groups on the biological fluid with Z′ group of formula (I) to obtain the captured proteins.25. A method according to claim 23 , wherein cleaving the captured proteins comprises cleaving by an acid or a base.260. A method according to claim claim 23 ...

Use of Mercapto-Methyl Esters as Chain Transfer Agents

Disclosed herein is a chain transfer agent in a free-radical emulsion polymerization process, of at least one mercapto-methyl ester, and also relates to the free-radical emulsion (co)polymerization process comprising at least one such mercapto-methyl ester and uses thereof. Also disclosed herein are mercapto-methyl diesters. 2. Use of a compound according to claim 1 , in which Rand Reach represent a hydrogen atom.3. Use of a compound according to claim 1 , in which A is a —(CH)— chain claim 1 , or a —(CH)—C═C—(CH)— chain claim 1 , where n represents an integer between 2 and 30 carbon atoms claim 1 , preferably between 3 and 30 carbon atoms claim 1 , more preferably between 4 and 30 carbon atoms claim 1 , and typically between 5 and 30 carbon atoms claim 1 , limits included claim 1 , and n+nis equal to n-2.4. Use according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , in which the compound of formula (1) is methyl mercaptoundecanoate or methyl mercaptodecanoate claim 1 , preferably methyl mercaptodecanoate.6. Compound according to claim 1 , in which R′represents a linear claim 1 , branched or cyclic claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radical comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms claim 1 , substituted with a methoxycarbonyl radical claim 1 , R′represents a hydrogen atom claim 1 , and A is as defined in .7. Compound according to claim 5 , which is dimethyl 9-mercaptooctadecyl-1 claim 5 ,18-dioate.8. Emulsion (co)polymerization process comprising at least the following steps:a) forming an emulsion, in an aqueous medium, of at least one monomer containing vinyl unsaturation,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', 'claim 5'}, 'b) adding to said emulsion at least one chain transfer agent of formula (1) according to any one of ,'}c) carrying out the (co)polymerization reaction, optionally in the presence of a (co)polymerization initiator,d) optionally purifying and recovering the desired (co)polymer.9. Process according to claim 8 , in which the amount of ...

3,6-DICHLOROSALICYLIC ACID COMPOUNDS AND RELATED SYNTHETIC PROCESSES

The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba. 27-. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent is chlorine gas.9. (canceled)10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium comprises sulfuric acid.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium comprises oleum.1272-. (canceled)73. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium is maintained at a temperature from about 0° C. to about 100° C. during the contacting step.7477-. (canceled)7987-. (canceled)8993-. (canceled)9596-. (canceled)99. The process of claim 98 , wherein the process further comprises modifying the acidic reaction medium to provide an acidic reaction medium comprising oleum after formation of the compound or salt of Formula (VI) claim 98 , and contacting the compound or salt of Formula (VI) with the second chlorinating agent without first isolating the compound or salt of Formula (VI) from the reaction medium to provide the compound of Formula (III);wherein:{'sup': '1', 'sub': '1-6', 'Ris hydrogen or C-alkyl;'}{'sup': '2', 'sub': '1-6', 'Ris hydrogen or C-alkyl; and'}the first chlorinating agent and the second chlorinating agent can be the same or different.100. The process of claim 98 , wherein the compound or salt of Formula (VI) is isolated from the reaction mixture and subsequently contacted with the second chlorinating agent to provide the compound or salt of Formula (III).103. (canceled)105107-. (canceled)109. (canceled)111123-. (canceled)126. The process of claim 124 , wherein Ris hydrogen claim 124 , and the process further comprises selectively methylating ...

PROCESSES TO PRODUCE BRIVARACETAM

The present invention provides a scalable synthesis of enantiomerically pure brivaracetam, and related derivatives. 6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein R1 is a substituent group selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 5 , ethyl claim 5 , propyl claim 5 , isopropyl claim 5 , allyl claim 5 , butyl claim 5 , isobutyl claim 5 , tert-butyl claim 5 , n-pentyl claim 5 , n-hexyl claim 5 , and benzyl.7. The compound of claim 6 , wherein R1 is ethyl and X is Br. The present application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/575,373, filed Nov. 19, 2017; which in turn is a U.S. national phase application of PCT/U.S. Ser. No. 16/33,965, filed May 24, 2016; which claims priority to the following Chinese Patent Applications: 201510271449.6 filed May 25, 2105; 201510430387.9 filed Jul. 21, 2015; 201510648574.4 filed Oct. 10, 2015; and 201610099672.1 filed Feb. 24, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to a compound (formula XII, brivaracetam) and a method for preparing formula XII, which is a new generation of antiepileptic drug found by screening for ligands with a higher affinity for LBS than levetiracetam. LBS is a unique brain-specific Levetiracetam (LEV) binding site that is correlated with anticonvulsant effects in animal models of epilepsy.Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting about 1 of the population worldwide. With currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), one-third of patients continue to suffer from seizures even when treated at maximally tolerated dosages, either in monotherapy or in various drug combinations. Pharmacoresistance is associated with physical risks, reduced life expectancy, reduced quality of life and impairments in social opportunities. The acetamide derivate Levetiracetam (LEV) that primarily targets the synaptic vesicle protein 2A has been one of the most successful second-generation antiepileptic drugs. But irritability and other ...

PROCESSES TO PRODUCE BRIVARACETAM

The present invention provides a scalable synthesis of enantiomerically pure brivaracetam, and related derivatives. 3. The compound having the formula of XII-a according to where R is C1-C20 alkoxyl.7. The compound XI-b according to claim 6 , wherein R is NH claim 6 , C1-C20 alkoxyl claim 6 , and X is Cl.10. The process of claim 9 , which comprises the step of reacting the compound of VI with SOCland a Lewis acid catalyst to produce the compound of formula X. The present application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/575,373, filed Nov. 19, 2017; which in turn is a U.S. national phase application of PCT/US16/33965, filed May 24, 2016; which claims priority to the following Chinese Patent Applications: 201510271449.6 filed May 25, 2105; 201510430387.9 filed Jul. 21, 2015; 201510648574.4 filed Oct. 10, 2015; and 201610099672.1 filed Feb. 24, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to a compound (formula XII, brivaracetam) and a method for preparing formula XII, which is a new generation of antiepileptic drug found by screening for ligands with a higher affinity for LBS than levetiracetam. LBS is a unique brain-specific Levetiracetam (LEV) binding site that is correlated with anticonvulsant effects in animal models of epilepsy.Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting about 1 of the population worldwide. With currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), one-third of patients continue to suffer from seizures even when treated at maximally tolerated dosages, either in monotherapy or in various drug combinations. Pharmacoresistance is associated with physical risks, reduced life expectancy, reduced quality of life and impairments in social opportunities. The acetamide derivate Levetiracetam (LEV) that primarily targets the synaptic vesicle protein 2A has been one of the most successful second-generation antiepileptic drugs. But irritability and other psychiatric ...

PRODUCTION OF ODD CHAIN FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES IN RECOMBINANT MICROBIAL CELLS

Recombinant microbial cells are provided which have been engineered to produce fatty acid derivatives having linear chains containing an odd number of carbon atoms by the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Also provided are methods of making odd chain fatty acid derivatives using the recombinant microbial cells, and compositions comprising odd chain fatty acid derivatives produced by such methods. 1. A recombinant microbial cell comprising:(a) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having enzymatic activity effective to produce an increased amount of propionyl-CoA in the recombinant microbial cell relative to the amount of propionyl-CoA produced in a parental microbial cell lacking or having a reduced amount of said enzymatic activity, wherein said polypeptide is exogenous to the recombinant microbial cell or wherein expression of said polynucleotide is modulated in the recombinant microbial cell as compared to the expression of the polynucleotide in the parental microbial cell,(b) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase activity that utilizes propionyl-CoA as a substrate, and(c) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having fatty acid derivative enzyme activity,wherein the recombinant microbial cell produces a fatty acid derivative composition comprising odd chain fatty acid derivatives when cultured in the presence of a carbon source under conditions effective to express the polynucleotides according to (a), (b), and (c), andwherein at least 10% of the fatty acid derivatives in the fatty acid derivative composition are odd chain fatty acid derivatives.2. The recombinant microbial cell of claim 1 , wherein at least 20% of the fatty acid derivatives in the fatty acid derivative composition are odd chain fatty acid derivatives.3. The recombinant microbial cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell produces at least 100 mg/L of odd chain fatty acid derivatives.4. The recombinant microbial cell of claim 1 , wherein expression of the at least one ...

METHOD OF PURIFYING AN IONIC LIQUID AND METHOD OF DEHUMIDIFYING AIR

Ionic liquids of the structure QA, in which Q is a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ion, in which the alkyl groups, independently of one another, are linear C-C-alkyl groups and A is the anion of an acid HA with a pKof less than 3, can be purified by desorption of volatile compounds at a temperature of 100 to 200° C. and a pressure of at most 100 mbar over a period of at least 0.1 h and be used for dehumidifying air. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from hydrogensulphate claim 1 , methanesulphonate claim 1 , methylsulphate claim 1 , ethylsulphate claim 1 , dihydrogenphosphate claim 1 , dimethylphosphate claim 1 , diethylphosphate and nitrate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein Q is a 1 claim 1 ,3-dimethylimidazolium cation or a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein desorption takes place over a period of from 0.5 to 100 h.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during the desorption claim 1 , the ionic liquid is passed over a bed of filling materials or over a structured packing.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein desorption takes place in a falling film apparatus.7. A process for dehumidifying air comprising purifying an ionic liquid by the method of .9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of: 1 claim 8 ,3-dimethylimidazolium hydrogensulphate; 1 claim 8 ,3-dimethylimidazolium methanesulphonate; 1 claim 8 ,3-dimethylimidazolium ethylsulphate; 1 claim 8 ,3-dimethylimidazolium diethylphosphate; 1 claim 8 ,3-dimethyimidazolium nitrate; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulphate; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulphonate; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate; and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the absorption medium claim 8 , prior to being brought into contact with the air claim 8 , comprises at least 80% by weight of ionic liquid of the structure QA. The present application claims ...

LABYRINTHULOMYCETE STRAINS FOR PRODUCING DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID

Improved labyrinthulomycetes strains that produce microbial oils having increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content are disclosed. The strains have increased productivity with respect to a wild type strain. Also provided are microbial oil compositions having increased DHA content. Methods of improving strains for the production of lipid, such as DHA, are also included. 1. A microbial oil comprising at least 25% of the total fatty acids as DHA and at least 6% of the total fatty acids as myristic acid.2. A microbial oil according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of DHA to DPA is at least 3.5:1.3. A microbial oil according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of DHA to DPA is at least 4:1.4. A microbial oil according to claim 3 , wherein at least 30% of the total fatty acids of the microbial oil are DHA.5. A microbial oil according to claim 4 , wherein at least 35% of the total fatty acids of the microbial oil are DHA.6. A microbial oil according to claim 1 , wherein 10% or less of the total fatty acids comprise DPA.7. A microbial oil according to claim 1 , wherein the total fatty acids comprise less than 2% ARA.8. A microbial oil according to claim 1 , wherein the total fatty acids comprise less than 1% EPA.9. A microbial oil according to claim 1 , wherein at least 10% of the fatty acids of the microbial oil are myristic acid.10. A microbial oil according to claim 9 , wherein at least 12% of the fatty acids of the microbial oil are myristic acid.11. A microbial oil according to claim 10 , wherein at least 15% of the fatty acids of the microbial oil are myristic acid.12. A product comprising a microbial oil according to .13. A product according to claim 12 , wherein the product is a food product claim 12 , an animal feed product claim 12 , a cosmetic product claim 12 , or a pharmaceutical product.14. A microbial oil according to claim 1 , wherein the microbial oil is isolated from a mutant microorganism.15. A mutant labyrinthulomycete microorganism that produces a microbial ...

Preparation of rhodium(iii)-2-ethylhexanoate

The present invention provides a method for preparing rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate solutions which supplies the reaction product with higher space yield, as well as lower sodium and chloride ion content. An aqueous solution of an alkali salt of 2-ethylhexanoate is thereby initially converted with a rhodium (III) precursor. The rhodium (III) precursor is selected from rhodium (III) chloride solution, rhodium (III) chloride hydrate, and rhodium (III) nitrate. The mixture is heated for several hours. After cooling to room temperature, the rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate formed is extracted from the aqueous solution with an alcohol that is immiscible in water or a carboxylic acid that is immiscible in water, and optionally washed with aqueous mineral acid. The rhodium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate solution obtainable in this way may be used directly as catalyst in hydroformylation reactions.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A 1,3-DISUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLE COMPOUND

The disclosure provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the base is a trialkylamine.3. The process of or claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the compound of formula (I) purified by recrystallization contains no more than 1 wt. % of the compound of formula (II).6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst is a heterogeneous platinum catalyst.7. The process of or claim 5 , wherein the compound of formula (II) is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the base is an inorganic phosphate or carbonate.10. The process of or claim 8 , further comprising separating 2 claim 8 ,4-bis(3-nitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine from the compound of formula (IV) by recrystallization from a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol.12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the base is an inorganic phosphate or carbonate.13. The process of or claim 11 , further comprising separating 2 claim 11 ,4-bis(3-nitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine from the compound of formula (IV) by recrystallization from a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol.15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst is a heterogeneous platinum catalyst.16. The process of or claim 14 , wherein the compound of formula (II) is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water.18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the base is a trialkylamine.19. The process of or claim 17 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water.20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the compound of formula (I) purified by recrystallization contains not more than 5 wt. % claim 19 , 4 wt. % claim 19 , 3 wt. % claim 19 , 2 wt. % claim 19 , 1 wt. % claim 19 , 5000 ppm claim 19 , 4000 ppm claim ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)PHENOL COMPOUND

A compound represented by formula (4): 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the saturated C8 carboxylic acid used is 0.5 to 2.0 times by weight of the compound (1).4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the amount of the saturated C8 carboxylic acid used is 0.5 to 2.0 times by weight of the compound (1).5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the saturated C8 carboxylic acid is 2-ethylhexanoic acid.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the amount of the saturated C8 carboxylic acid used is 0.5 to 2.0 times by weight of the compound (1).8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the heterogeneous transition metal catalyst is a platinum group catalyst.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the heterogeneous transition metal catalyst is a platinum group catalyst.10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the saturated C8 carboxylic acid is 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The present invention relates to a method for producing 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol, 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol, and 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-2-aminophenol.4-(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol, 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol and 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-2-aminophenol are useful as production intermediates of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals (see, for example, WO2014/104407).A method for producing 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol by oxidizing 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)phenol with sodium tungstate and hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid is known, for example, in WO2009/133107.On the other hand, the present invention provides a novel method for producing 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol. The present invention also provides a method for producing 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol and 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-2-aminophenol.According to the present invention, a compound represented by formula (2):(hereinafter referred to as Compound (2)) can be produced by oxidizing a compound represented by formula (1):(hereinafter ...

3,6-DICHLOROSALICYLIC ACID COMPOUNDS AND RELATED SYNTHETIC PROCESSES

The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicy-aldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-di-chlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba. 27-. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent is chlorine gas.9. (canceled)10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium comprises sulfuric acid.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium comprises oleum.1243-. (canceled)44. The process of claim 1 , wherein the compound or salt of Formula (II) is contacted with the chlorinating agent in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine.4572-. (canceled)73. The process of any claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium is maintained at a temperature from about 0° C. to about 100° C. during the contacting step.7477-. (canceled)7987-. (canceled)8993-. (canceled)95. The process of claim 94 , wherein the compound or salt of Formula (II) is contacted with the chlorinating agent without first isolating the compound or salt of Formula (II) from the reaction medium to provide the compound or salt of Formula (VI).96. The process of claim 94 , wherein the compound or salt of Formula (II) is isolated from the reaction mixture and then contacted with the chlorinating agent to provide the compound or salt of Formula (VI).99. The process of claim 98 , wherein the process further comprises modifying the acidic reaction medium to provide an acidic reaction medium comprising oleum after formation of the compound or salt of Formula (VI) claim 98 , and contacting the compound or salt of Formula (VI) with the second chlorinating agent without first isolating the compound or salt of Formula (VI) from the reaction medium to provide the compound of Formula (III); ...

Organometallic salt composition, a method for its preparation and a lubricant additive composition

The purpose of the present invention is to provide organometallic salt compositions that are useful as lubricant additives and/or in lubricant additive compositions to reduce friction and wear, and also have improved solubility in all four types of hydrocarbon base oils (Groups I-IV) at a variety of concentrations and under a variety of conditions. The organometallic salt composition is derived from at least one long chain monocarboxylic acid and a single metal in combination with at least one short or medium branched-chain monocarboxylic acid. The compositions are particularly useful in combination with activated complexes comprising a first metal component, a second metal component and particles comprising the first metal component. 2. The organometallic salt composition according to having a solubility in Group I claim 1 , II claim 1 , III and IV hydrocarbon oils exceeding 0.5 w-%.3. The organometallic salt composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one saturated branched-chain contains at least one branched alkyl group that is methyl or ethyl.4. The organometallic salt composition according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one saturated short or medium branched chain monocarboxylic acid is 2-ethylhexanoic acid.5. The organometallic salt composition according to claim 1 , wherein the long chain carboxylic acid is oleic acid.6. The organometallic salt composition according to claim 1 , wherein the metal salt of the at least one long chain carboxylic acid is copper oleate.7. The organometallic salt composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organometallic salt is soluble in the hydrocarbon oil for at least one week at a temperature in the range 18 to 24° C.8. The organometallic salt composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organometallic salt is soluble in the hydrocarbon oil at a ratio of hydrocarbon oil to organometallic salt composition ranging from 100:1 to 200:1 in Group II claim 1 , III and IV base oils.9. A method for preparing an ...

Process for pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene: ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid/h20

Process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene: ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid/H2O.

Process for pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene: effect of solvent

Process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene: Effect of solvent

PROCESS FOR PD-CATALYZED HYDROXYCARBONYLATION OF DIISOBUTENE: SULFURIC ACID/LIGAND RATIO

Process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene:sulfuric acid/ligand ratio. 2. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the compound in process step b) is selected from:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'PdCl, PdBr, Pd(acac), Pd(dba)(dba=dibenzylideneacetone), PdCl(CHCN).'}3. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the sulfuric acid is added in an amount which is in the range from 3.5 mol to 5 mol of sulfuric acid per mole of ligand L1.4. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature in the range from 80° C. to 160° C. in process step g).5. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the CO is fed in in process step f) such that the reaction proceeds under a CO pressure in the range from 10 bar to 40 bar. The invention relates to a process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene:sulfuric acid/ligand ratio.Carboxylic acids including propionic acid, adipic acid and fatty acids are used in the preparation of polymers, pharmaceuticals, solvents and food additives. The routes leading to carboxylic acids generally include the oxidation of hydrocarbons, alcohols or aldehydes, the oxidative cleavage of olefins by ozonolysis, the hydrolysis of triglycerides, nitriles, esters or amides, the carboxylation of Grignard or organolithium reagents, and the halogenation and subsequent hydrolysis of methyl ketones in the haloform reaction.The hydrocarboxylation of olefins is a highly promising and environmentally-friendly method for obtaining carboxylic acids. Acetic acid is produced by carbonylation of methanol, which is carried out with iodide. In the Koch reaction, the addition of water and carbon monoxide to alkenes is catalyzed by strong bases. This method is effective with alkenes that form secondary and tertiary carbocations, e.g. isobutylene to pivalic acid. The hydrocarboxylation occurring with the simultaneous addition of CO and HO to alkenes/alkynes provides a direct and convenient method for synthesizing ...

PROCESS FOR PD-CATALYZED HYDROXYCARBONYLATION OF DIISOBUTENE: LIGAND/PD RATIO

Process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene: ligand/Pd ratio. 2. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the compound in process step b) is selected from:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'PdCl, PdBr, Pd(acac), Pd(dba)(dba=dibenzylideneacetone), PdCl(CHCN).'}3. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the ligand L1 is added in an amount in the range from 1.25 mol to 1.75 mol of ligand per mole of Pd.4. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature in the range from 80° C. to 160° C. in process step f).5. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the CO is fed in in process step e) such that the reaction proceeds under a CO pressure in the range from 10 bar to 40 bar.6. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the process comprises the additional process step g):g) addition of sulfuric acid. The invention relates to a process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene: ligand/Pd ratio.Carboxylic acids including propionic acid, adipic acid and fatty acids are used in the preparation of polymers, pharmaceuticals, solvents and food additives. The routes leading to carboxylic acids generally include the oxidation of hydrocarbons, alcohols or aldehydes, the oxidative cleavage of olefins by ozonolysis, the hydrolysis of triglycerides, nitriles, esters or amides, the carboxylation of Grignard or organolithium reagents, and the halogenation and subsequent hydrolysis of methyl ketones in the haloform reaction.The hydrocarboxylation of olefins is a highly promising and environmentally-friendly method for obtaining carboxylic acids. Acetic acid is produced by carbonylation of methanol, which is carried out with iodide. In the Koch reaction, the addition of water and carbon monoxide to alkenes is catalyzed by strong bases. This method is effective with alkenes that form secondary and tertiary carbocations, e.g. isobutylene to pivalic acid. The hydrocarboxylation occurring with the simultaneous addition of CO and HO to ...

METHODS

The present invention relates to a method of identifying a compound that binds to or modulates the activity of one or more polypeptides encoding one or more receptors that are involved in the detection and perception of fatty acids. 1. A method for identifying a compound that binds to and/or modulates the activity of a polypeptide comprising;(i) the sequence of a feline or canine GPR120 or a feline or canine CD36 receptor;(ii) the amino acid sequence as set out in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, or SEQ ID NO:7;(iii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3;(iv) an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:7;(v) an amino acid sequence comprising amino acids 127 to 279 of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:7;(vi) a functional fragment of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) or (v).the method comprising determining whether a test compound binds to and/or modulates the activity of the polypeptide.2. A method for identifying a taste compound that binds to and/or modulates the activity of (a) GPR120 receptor and/or a CD36 receptor , wherein:a) the GPR120 receptor is:i) feline, canine or human;ii) has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:9; oriii) is at least 87% identical to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:9; andb) the CD36 receptor is:i) feline, canine or human;ii) has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, 7 or 11;iii) is at least 83% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 7 or 11.3. A method according to or , wherein the method is an in vitro method.4. A method according to or , wherein the method is an in silico method.5. An in vitro method according to claim 3 , wherein the method comprises:(i) measuring the biological activity of the polypeptide in the absence and in the presence of a compound; and(ii) identifying a compound as one which binds to or modulates the biological activity of the polypeptide, when there is a difference between the biological activity in the absence, compared ...

ESTER OF PENTAERYTHRITOL AND ISOTRIDECANOIC ACID USED THEREFOR

Provided are an ester of isotridecanoic acid and pentaerythritol, etc., wherein (i) the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. is in the range of 80-140 mm/sec. and (ii) the number of terminal methyl groups per molecule of isotridecanoic acid in the isotridecanoic acid obtained by H-NMR measurement is in the range of 2.6-3.4 on average. 1. An ester of pentaerythritol with isotridecanoic acid , wherein{'sup': 2', '2, '(i) the ester of pentaerythritol has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. within a range of 80 mm/s to 140 mm/s, and'}{'sup': '1', '(ii) the number of terminal methyl groups per isotridecanoic acid molecule in the isotridecanoic acid determined by H-NMR measurement is within a range of 2.6 to 3.4 on average.'}2. The ester of pentaerythritol according to claim 1 , wherein a proportion of tertiary carbon atoms in total constituent carbon atoms of the isotridecanoic acid determined by C-NMR measurement is within a range of more than 10% by mass to 20% by mass or less.3. The ester of pentaerythritol according to claim 1 , wherein the isotridecanoic acid is isotridecanoic acid derived from a product obtained by hydroformylating a butene trimer in presence of a cobalt catalyst and a gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.4. The ester of pentaerythritol according to claim 1 , wherein the isotridecanoic acid is isotridecanoic acid derived from a product obtained by hydroformylating a butene trimer in presence of a rhodium catalyst and a gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.5. Isotridecanoic acid wherein{'sup': '1', 'the number of terminal methyl groups per molecule of the acid determined by H-NMR measurement is within a range of 2.6 to 3.4 on average, and'}{'sup': '13', 'a proportion of tertiary carbon atoms in total constituent carbon atoms of the acid determined by C-NMR measurement is within a range of more than 10% by mass to 20% by mass or less.'}6. The ester of pentaerythritol according to claim 2 , wherein the isotridecanoic acid is isotridecanoic acid ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PENTANOIC ACID AND HEPTANOIC ACID FROM ETHANOL AND PROPIONIC ACID

The present invention relates to a method of producing valeric acid, heptanoic acid, esters and/or salts thereof from a carbon source, the method comprising a step of contacting at least one microorganism with the carbon source in an aqueous medium, wherein the carbon source is ethanol and propionic acid and the concentration of propionic acid is about ≦10 g/L. 113-. (canceled)14. A method of producing valeric acid , heptanoic acid , esters and/or salts thereof from a carbon source , comprising contacting at least one microorganism with the carbon source in an aqueous medium , wherein the carbon source is ethanol and propionic acid and the concentration of propionic acid is ≦10 g/L.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the concentration of ethanol is ≦10 g/L.16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the aqueous medium has a pH≧6.17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the concentration of ethanol to propionic acid is about 2:1.18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the concentration of ethanol to propionic acid is about 5:2.19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the microorganism is capable of producing the carboxylic acid using ethanol-carboxylate fermentation.20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the microorganism expresses at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of: alcohol dehydrogenase E; acetaldehyde dehydrogenase E; acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase E; 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase E; 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase E; butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase E; electron transfer flavoprotein subunit E; coenzyme A transferase E; acetate kinase E; and phosphotransacetylase E.21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the microorganism expresses E claim 20 , E claim 20 , E claim 20 , E claim 20 , E claim 20 , E claim 20 , E claim 20 , E claim 20 , Eand E.22Clostridium kluyveriC. Carboxidivorans.. The method of claim 14 , wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of: ; and23. The method of claim 14 , wherein the microorganism expresses hydrogenase ...

Tripartite Androgen Receptor Eliminators, Methods and Uses Thereof

The present specification discloses tripartite androgen receptor eliminators (AREs), pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such AREs, methods and uses for such AREs and compositions and medicaments, and methods and uses for AREs and compositions and medicaments for treating an androgen receptor signaling-mediated condition, disease or disorder. 1. A compound of formula I , wherein ARA is an AR antagonist , L is a linker molecule and EE is an AR elimination promoter or elimination enhancer element.2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the AR antagonist includes apalutamide claim 1 , bicalutamide claim 1 , canrenone claim 1 , chlormadinone acetate claim 1 , cimetidine claim 1 , Compound ARA 1 claim 1 , cyproterone acetate claim 1 , drospirenone claim 1 , enzalutamide claim 1 , flutamide claim 1 , ketoconazole claim 1 , megestrol acetate claim 1 , methoxybenzyl lactam claim 1 , nilutamide claim 1 , RU58841 claim 1 , spironolactone claim 1 , ortopilutamide (fluridil).4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the AR eliminator promoter or enhancing element is a hydrophobic tag or an E3 ligase-recruiting moiety.5. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein the hydrophobic tag is an adamantane moiety claim 4 , a Boc-protected amino acid claim 4 , or a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) moiety.7. The compound according to claim 5 , wherein the Boc-protected amino acid includes a glutamine claim 5 , arginine claim 5 , glutamic acid claim 5 , phenylalanine claim 5 , aspartic acid claim 5 , cysteine claim 5 , lysine or aspartame.9. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein the E3 ligase-recruiting moiety is a Nutlin moiety claim 4 , a bestatin moiety claim 4 , or a phthalimide moiety.17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to .18. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17 , further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or one or more pharmaceutically acceptable components.19. The ...

ISOBARIC ALDEHYDE-REACTIVE TAGS FOR AND ANALYSIS OF GLYCANS USING SAME

Highly specific and novel methods for analyzing glycans and proteoglycans are provided. Uses of the information generated by the inventive methods for diagnosis and treatment are also disclosed. 1. An isobaric aldehyde reactive tag (iARTi) ligand comprising:{'sub': 1', '10, 'sup': '15', 'a) a reporter group comprising a C-Calkyl moiety having a primary amine group which can be optionally a N labeled amine;'}{'sup': '13', 'b) a balance group consisting of —CONHCHCHCONHCHCHNH—, wherein the first carbon can optionally be C; and when the amine is labeled, the first carbon is not labeled, and when the first carbon is labeled, the amine is not labeled, and said ligand can covalently linked to a glycan.'}2. A method for labeling glycans with iART ligands comprising:a) obtaining a sample of glycans isolated using solid-phase extraction of glycopeptides (SPEG) or solid-phase extraction of glycopeptides and glycans (SPEGAG);b) resuspending the glycans in a suitable solvent;c) dividing the denatured sample of b) into at least a first and second aliquots;d1) adding to the first aliquot, a sufficient quantity of a first iART;d2) adding to the second aliquot, a sufficient quantity of a second iART, wherein the molecular weight of the first iART and the second iART cannot be the same;e) heating the at least first and second aliquots for a sufficient time to conjugate the iARTs to the glycans in the at least first and second aliquots to make labeled glycans; andf) combining the at least first and second aliquots comprising the glycans labeled with the first and second iARTs and purifying the combined mixture.3. A method for analyzing glycans in a sample comprising:a) obtaining a sample of glycans isolated using solid-phase extraction of glycopeptides (SPEG) or solid-phase extraction of glycopeptides and glycans (SPEGAG);b) resuspending the glycans in a suitable solvent;c) dividing the denatured sample of b) into at least a first and second aliquots;d1) adding to the first aliquot, ...

REDUCTION OF CONTENT OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF IN OLEUM, DISULFURIC ACID OR CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID

The present invention concerns a process for the reduction of content of carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof in oleum, disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid. The invention further concerns a process for the manufacture of carboxylic acid anhydrides comprising the process for the reduction of content of carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof from oleum, disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid. 1. A process for the reduction of content of carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof in oleum , disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid , the process comprising submitting a first fraction comprising oleum , disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid with a first content of carboxylic acid or at least one derivative thereof to a gas stripping operation in order to obtain a second fraction comprising oleum , disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid with a second content of carboxylic acid or at least one derivative thereof , wherein the second content of carboxylic acid or at least one derivative thereof in the fraction comprising oleum , disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid is lower than the first content.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride is comprised in the first fraction comprising oleum claim 1 , disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.3. Process The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid is a halogenated carboxylic acid claim 1 , wherein the halogenated carboxylic acid is a compound of formula (I) HalRC(O)—OH claim 1 , wherein Hal is selected from the group consisting of F claim 1 , Cl and Br claim 1 , and wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , alkyl and aryl .4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein Hal is F.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is trifluoroacetic acid.6. Process The process according to claim 2 , wherein the ...

Zinc or Copper (II) Salt and Use Thereof as a Biocide

Zinc and copper (II) salts of the general formula CH═C(R)COO-M-OCORare disclosed, wherein M-Zn or Cu, R—H or CH, R—C-Calkyl, or R—CO—O— group is crotonate, or sorbate, or linoleate, excluding the compounds: CH═C(CH)—COO—Zn—O—CO—CH, CH═CH—COO—Zn—O—CO—CH, CH═CH—COO—Cu—O—CO—CH, CH═C(CH)—COO—Zn—O—CO—(CH)—CH, CH═CH—COO—Zn—O—CO—(CH)—CH, CH═CH—COO—Zn—O—CO—(CH)—CH, CH═C(CH)—COO—Zn—O—CO—(CH)—CH, CH═CH—COO—Cu—O—CO—(CH)—CH, CH═CH—COO—Zn—O—CO—(CH)—CH, CH═C(CH)—COO—Zn—O—CO—(CH)—CH, CH═C(CH)—COO—Zn—O—CO-iso-CH, CH═CH—COO—Zn—O—CO-iso-CH, CH═C(CH)—COO—Zn—O—CO—(CH)—CH. Salts of the general formula wherein R—C-Calkyl, or R—CO—O— group is crotonate, or sorbate, or linoleate, are applicable as biocides. This Application is a Continuation application of International Application PCT/RU2015/000564, filed on Sep. 7, 2015, which in turn claims priority to Russian Patent Application RU 2014137615, filed Sep. 16, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The invention relates to new chemical compounds—zinc and copper salts with organic acids which can find application as biocides.Various zinc and copper compounds exhibiting biocidal activity are known in the art, in particular, zinc and copper oxides and inorganic salts (U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,954, A01N 59/16, A01N 59/20, B27K 3/52, B05D 07/06, A01N 31/08, A01N 31/00, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 6,858,658, A01N 59/20, A01N 59/16, C09D 5/16, C08K 03/10, C08K 03/18, C08K 03/22, 2005; US 20080219944, C09D 5/16, 2008; US 20090223108, C09D 5/16, C09D 5/14, 2009), zinc and copper naphthenates or resinates (EP 2161316, C09D 133/06, C09D 133/12, C09D 143/04, C09D 5/16, C09D 7/12, 2010; EP 2360214, C09D 143/04, C09D 193/04, C09D 5/16, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 4,258,090, C04B 41/45, C04B 41/52, C04B 41/60, C04B 41/70, B05D 03/02, 1981), ammonia complexes of zinc salts (U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,644, C08K 3/10, C08K 3/00, C09D 5/14, C09D 5/00, 1995), zinc and copper pyrithionates—bis-(2-(pyridylthio)-1,1′-dioxides (U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,033, ...

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACTIVE PALLADIUM(0) POWDER

The present invention relates to a method for the production of palladium(0) powder in which a palladium(0) starting powder is subjected to a thermal treatment in a furnace at a temperature of no more than 370° C. in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. 1. A method for the production of palladium(0) powder , comprising subjecting a palladium(0) starting powder to a thermal treatment in a furnace at a temperature of no more than 370° C. in a hydrogen gas atmosphere.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the palladium(0) starting powder is obtained by reducing a Pd(II) compound or a Pd(IV) compound.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereby the hydrogen content of the hydrogen gas atmosphere is at least 5% by volume claim 1 , relative to the total amount of the gases present in the hydrogen gas atmosphere.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereby the hydrogen gas atmosphere is generated by continuously supplying hydrogen into the furnace.5. The Method according to claim 1 , wherein the heating of the furnace is interrupted by one or more temperature ramp(s).6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment of the palladium(0) starting powder proceeds at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to 370° C.7. A palladium(0) powder claim 1 , wherein the powder is obtained by the method according to .8. A palladium(0) powder claim 1 , wherein the powder exhibits an increase in mass of at least 13.0% by weight when heated to a temperature of 990° C. while being exposed to air.9. A method of producing a palladium salt comprising using the palladium(0) powder according to as an educt for the production.10. A method for the production of a palladium salt claim 7 , comprising{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(i) producing a palladium(0) powder by the method according to ; and'}(ii) converting the palladium(0) powder with a mineral acid.11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the mineral acid is nitric acid claim 10 , sulfuric acid claim 10 ...

SYNTHESIS OF TRITOQUALINE SALTS

A formulation of tritoqualine salt having the purpose of improving the solubility of these novel compounds and having the following general structure: 1. Tritoqualine salt , having a structure formed from a base and an acid coupled ionically according to the following general formula.2. Tritoqualine salt according to claim 1 , wherein the base has a racemic form of tritoqualine.3. Tritoqualine salt according to claim 1 , wherein the base has a racemic form which is chosen from the R claim 1 ,R and S claim 1 ,S form.4. Tritoqualine salt according to claim 1 , wherein the coupled acid is chosen from the following acids: ethanoic acid claim 1 , adipic acid claim 1 , hexanedioic acid claim 1 , o-aminobenzoic acid claim 1 , anthranilic acid claim 1 , m-aminobenzoic acid claim 1 , para-aminobenzoic acid claim 1 , glycine claim 1 , ascorbic acid claim 1 , aspartic acid claim 1 , benzoic acid claim 1 , bromoethanoic acid claim 1 , o-bromobenzoic acid claim 1 , m-bromobenzoic acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , 2-hydroxypropanoic acid claim 1 , maleic acid claim 1 , z-butenedioic acid claim 1 , malonic acid claim 1 , propanedioic acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , sulfurous acid claim 1 , methylsulfonic acid claim 1 , mesylate claim 1 , camphorsulfonic acid claim 1 , and also fumaric acid.5. Method of improving the solubility of tritoqualine in bodily fluids and in aqueous media which comprises adding an effective amount of the tritoqualine salt of to a bodily fluid or aqueous media.6. Method of preparing injectable solutions claim 1 , eye lotions claim 1 , nasal solutions claim 1 , or nebulizers which comprises adding an effective amount of the tritoqualine salt of to the injectable solutions claim 1 , eye lotions claim 1 , nasal solutions claim 1 , or nebulizers.7. An injectable solution claim 1 , eye lotion claim 1 , nasal solution claim 1 , or nebulizer comprising the tritoqualine salt of . Various publications are referenced throughout ...

5-HT3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

The present invention provides 5-HT3 receptor antagonists of Formula (I): 2. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim wherein Ris a ring of formula (a) or (d).3. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1 , wherein Ris a ring of formula (e) claim 1 , (f) claim 1 , or (g).4. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1 , wherein Ris a ring of formula (e).5. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1 , wherein each Ris hydrogen.6. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen and each Ris hydrogen.7. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1 , wherein each Ris independently hydrogen or methyl and Ris Calkyl.8. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1 , wherein Ris methyl and each Ris hydrogen.9. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 8 , wherein all of X claim 8 , X claim 8 , X claim 8 , and Xare CR.10. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 8 , wherein all of X claim 8 , X claim 8 , X claim 8 , and Xare CRand each Ris hydrogen.11. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 8 , wherein one of X claim 8 , X claim 8 , X claim 8 , and Xis N and the others are CR.12. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 8 , wherein Xis N and X claim 8 , X claim 8 , and Xare CR.13. A compound of which is selected from:(1R,5S,7S)-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate;(1R,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl 1-(1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate;N-((1R,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;N-((1R,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;{'sub': '3', 'N-((1R,5S,7S)-9-methyl-d-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;'}{'sub': '3', 'N-((1R,5S,7S)-9-methyl-d-3-oxa- ...

Novel Crystalline Polymorphs of Acetyl-Glycine-Beta-Alanine and Process of Making the Same

This invention discloses novel crystalline polymorphs of acetyl-glycine-beta-alanine and process of making the same. The mentioned crystalline polymorphs can exhibit excellent purity and storage stability according to this invention. Therefore, the mentioned crystalline polymorphs can be applied in topical cosmetic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions as skin care preparations, or other functional preparations. 1. A crystalline polymorph of acetyl-glycine-beta-alanine wherein said crystalline polymorph is characterized with an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising peaks at 16.4±0.2 , 21.2±0.2 , 23.2±0.2 , 24.9±0.2 , 25.3±0.2 , 26.2±0.2 , 30.2±0.2 , and 40.1±0.2 2-theta degree.2. The crystalline polymorph of claim 1 , wherein said X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 10.4±0.2 claim 1 , 11.0±0.2 claim 1 , 12.9±0.2 claim 1 , 16.0±0.2 claim 1 , 17.6±0.2 claim 1 , 19.1±0.2 claim 1 , 19.5±0.2 claim 1 , 20.0±0.2 claim 1 , 23.5±0.2 claim 1 , 24.1±0.2 claim 1 , 27.9±0.2 claim 1 , and 39.5±0.2 2-theta degree.3. The crystalline polymorph of claim 1 , wherein said X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks substantially as shown in .4. The crystalline polymorph of claim 1 , wherein said crystalline polymorph is characterized with a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising bands at 1697±2 cm claim 1 , 1376±2 cm claim 1 , and 1044±2 cm.5. The crystalline polymorph of claim 4 , wherein said Fourier transform infrared spectrum further comprises bands at 3315±2 cm claim 4 , 1670±2 cm claim 4 , 1543±2 cm claim 4 , 1441±2 cm claim 4 , 1277±2 cm claim 4 , 1248±2 cm claim 4 , 1144±2 cm claim 4 , 1089±2 cm claim 4 , 1071±2 cm claim 4 , 998±2 cm claim 4 , 983±2 cm claim 4 , 949±2 cm claim 4 , 888±2 cm claim 4 , 796±2 cm claim 4 , 712±2 cm claim 4 , and 666±2 cm.6. The crystalline polymorph of claim 4 , wherein said Fourier transform infrared spectrum further comprises bands substantially as shown in .7. The crystalline polymorph of ...

Methods Of Making Acrylic Acid From Lactic Acid Using Molten Salt Catalysts

A method of making acrylic acid in liquid phase by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactide, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising a protic ionic liquid (PIL), which contains a bromide anion (Br), is provided. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first molten salt catalyst comprises a protic ionic liquid (PIL).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said PIL comprises 3-methyl-1-(4-butane sulfonic acid) imidazolium bromide ([MIMBS]Br).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said [MIMBS]Br has a molar ratio to said lactic acid claim 3 , lactide claim 3 , or mixtures thereof in said feed stream of about 3:1.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said first molten salt catalyst further comprises a dilute HBr aqueous solution.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said dilute HBr aqueous solution comprises 20 mmol HBr.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein said first reaction temperature ranges from about 80° C. to about 160° C.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said first reaction temperature ranges from about 100° C. to about 140° C.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said first reaction temperature is about 120° C.10. The method of claim 3 , wherein said first reaction time ranges from about 2 h to about 10 h.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said first reaction time ranges from about 3 h to about 8 h.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said first reaction time is about 5 h.13. The method of claim 3 , wherein said 2-BrPA is produced in said first reactor at a yield of more than about 30 mol % and with a selectivity of more than about 90 mol %.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said 2-BrPA is produced in said first reactor at a yield of more than about 45 mol % and with a selectivity of more than about 92 mol %.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said 2-BrPA is produced in said first reactor at a yield of about 60 mol % and with a selectivity of more than about 95 mol %.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second molten salt catalyst ...

RUBBER-METAL ADHESION PROMOTER, RUBBER COMPOSITION, AND TIRE

A rubber-metal adhesion promoter characterized by including a compound (1) represented by the following general formula (A): (in the formula, Z represents a structure selected from the following formulae (z-1) to (z-4); M represents titanium or zirconium; and (RCOO) represents a residue of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 2 to 25 carbon atoms) 2. The rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein said M is titanium.3. The rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein said Z is a structure represented by said formula (z-1).4. The rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein said (RCOO) is a residue of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.5. The rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to claim 3 , wherein said (RCOO) is a residue of 2-ethylhexanoic acid claim 3 , a residue of neodecanoic acid claim 3 , a residue of hexadecanoic acid or a residue of octadecanoic acid.6. The rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to claim 1 , which is used for adhering rubber and a steel cord.7. A rubber composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to ; and'}a rubber component.8. The rubber composition according to claim 7 , which contains 1 to 7 parts by mass of said rubber-metal adhesion promoter with respect to 100 parts by mass of said rubber component.9. A tire comprising a steel cord/rubber composite including the rubber composition according to and a steel cord.10. A rubber composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to ; and'}a rubber component.11. A rubber composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'the rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to ; and'}a rubber component.12. A rubber composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'the rubber-metal adhesion promoter according to ; and'}a ...

NOVEL SODIUM DIACETATE CRYSTAL AND SOLID DIALYSIS PREPARATION COMPRISING SAID CRYSTAL

A novel highly stable sodium diacetate crystal, in which the volatilization of acetic acid can be suppressed for a long period. More specifically, a sodium diacetate crystal having a median diameter in the range of 300 to 3000 μm. 1. A crystal of sodium diacetate , which has a median size from 300 to 3000 μm.2. The crystal of claim 1 , which is a single crystal.3. A crystal of sodium diacetate claim 1 , which has a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having a combination of peaks selected from 11.16 claim 1 , 13.65 claim 1 , 15.77 claim 1 , 19.33 claim 1 , 20.19 claim 1 , 20.90 claim 1 , 21 claim 1 , 66 claim 1 , 22.38 claim 1 , 23 claim 1 , 73 claim 1 , 25.04 claim 1 , 26.28 claim 1 , 27 claim 1 , 47 claim 1 , 28 claim 1 , 61 claim 1 , 29.80 claim 1 , 30.78 claim 1 , 31.82 claim 1 , 33 claim 1 , 83 claim 1 , 34.76 claim 1 , 35.69 claim 1 , 36.60 claim 1 , 38.38 claim 1 , 39.22 (respectively ±0.2°) within the scanning range of the diffraction angle 2θ from 4.0 to 40.0°.4. A crystal of sodium diacetate claim 1 , which has a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having a combination of peaks consisting of 11.16 claim 1 , 13.65 claim 1 , 15.77 claim 1 , 19.33 claim 1 , 20.19 claim 1 , 20.90 claim 1 , 21.66 claim 1 , 22.38 claim 1 , 23.73 claim 1 , 25.04 claim 1 , 26.28 claim 1 , 27.47 claim 1 , 28.61 claim 1 , 29.80 claim 1 , 30.78 claim 1 , 31.82 claim 1 , 33.83 claim 1 , 34.76 claim 1 , 35.69 claim 1 , 36.60 claim 1 , 38.38 claim 1 , 39.22 (respectively ±0.2°) within the scanning range of the diffraction angle 2θ from 4.0 to 40.0°.6. A crystal of sodium diacetate baying a powder X-ray diffraction pattern as depicted in .7. A crystal of sodium diacetate which can be prepared by a method comprising the steps of:(1) mixing acetic acid and sodium acetate in the molar ratio of from 1.5:1 to 1:2 (acetic acid:sodium acetate),(2) adding 0 to 2 wt % of water to the mixture, wherein said amount is based on the total weight of the mixture,(3) after the addition of water, heating the ...

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF IVABRADINE AND OF INTERMEDIATES OF SYNTHESIS THEREOF

The invention concerns a new process for the resolution of ivabradine and of intermediates of synthesis thereof. 2. Process according to wherein R′ is hydrogen.4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein (S)-ibuprofen is used in an at least double amount with respect to the racemic starting compounds.5. Process according to claim 4 , wherein (S)-ibuprofen is used in an at least triple amount with respect to the racemic starting compounds.6. Process according to claim 1 , wherein said organic solvent is selected from acetonitrile and cyclohexane.7. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the precipitate formed in steps (ii) and (vi) is treated with a aqueous basic solution and extracted with a water immiscible organic solvent.8. Use of (1S)-4 claim 3 ,5-dimethoxy-1-(ammoniummethyl)-benzocyclobutane obtained according for the preparation of ivabradine.10. Use of compound (C) of claim 9 , for the preparation of a compound selected from (1S)-4 claim 9 ,5-dimethoxy-1-(ammoniummethyl)-benzocyclobutane and ivabradine. The present invention concerns a new process for the manufacture of ivabradine and of intermediates of synthesis thereof, in particular a new process for resolution of the corresponding racemic mixtures of said compounds.Ivabradine or 3-[3-({[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methy)amino)propyl]-7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-3-benzazepine-2-one has the formula (I)and is used in cardiology for heart failure, hypertension, angina and post-infarction treatment.Ivabradine is therefore in an enantiomeric form, in particular in the (S) form. The most common synthesis of ivabradine entails condensation between the compounds (II) and (III) shown in the following diagram:in which R is hydrogen or methyl and Hal is an atom of halogen.Preparation of the intermediate amine (III) in enantiomerically pure form is the subject of numerous patents.EP 0 534 859 describes preparation of the compound (III) in which R is methyl, by means of a ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHENYLMALONIC ACID DINITRILES

Process for the preparation of a compound of Formula (I), the process comprising the reaction of a compound of Formula (II) with malononitrile in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst, Formula (II) wherein X, Y and Z, independently of each other, represent fluoro, chloro or Calkyl; and L is a leaving group; with the proviso that 1 or 2 of X and Y are, independently of each other, fluoro or chloro. 2. The process according to claim 1 , comprising steps (i) and (ii) claim 1 , wherein:{'sup': '−', '(i) malononitrile is reacted with base to form a malononitrile anion ([NCCHCN]); and'}(ii) the compound of Formula (II) is reacted with the malononitrile anion of step (i) in the presence of palladium catalyst to form a compound of Formula (I).3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein X is methyl claim 1 , Y is chloro and Z is methyl.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein L is bromo.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the base is an alkali metal hydroxide claim 1 , preferably sodium hydroxide.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the palladium catalyst is prepared in situ from palladium (1I) or palladium (0) compounds by complexing with phosphine ligands.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent claim 1 , preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at 110 to 150° C.11. The compound according to claim 10 , which is 2-(4-chloro-2 claim 10 ,6-dimethyl-phenyl)propanedinitrile.13. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the acid is sulphuric acid.14. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the process is further carried out in the presence of toluene or xylene.15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at 120 to 155° C. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of certain phenyl acetic acid derivatives, to intermediate dinitrile compounds useful ...

METHODS OF METAL OXIDE NANOCRYSTALS PREPARATION

Embodiments relate to methods of metal oxide nanocrystals preparation. In embodiments, a metal-organic precursor may be economically synthesized by reacting a metal with an organic acid. The organic acid may include an aliphatic chain longer than three carbon atoms. The metal may be In, Sn, Al, Ga, Zn, Cd, Sb, Bi, Ge, Mn, Ti, Nb, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Y, Mg, Co, as well as mixtures thereof. Further processing of the metal-organic precursor (e.g. by pyrolysis, hydrolysis, or alcoholysis) produces metal oxide nanocrystals of desired characteristics. An metal-organic precursor of indium tin oxide (ITO) may be synthesized by reacting indium metal and tin metal with an organic acid having an aliphatic chain longer than three carbon atoms (e.g. stearic acid) at a temperature above 200° C. Further processing of the resulting metal-organic precursor yields ITO nanocrystals of regular shape, uniform size, and average diameter ranging of between about 1-500 nm. 1. A method comprising:forming a first metal-organic precursor by conducting a neat reaction of a first metal with an organic acid at a first temperature at or higher than a reacting point at which the organic acid begins to react with the first metal.2. A method as in wherein the organic acid comprises an aliphatic chain longer than three carbon atoms.3. A method as in wherein the first metal is selected from the group consisting of In claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cd claim 1 , Sb claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , and Co.4. A method as in wherein the first metal comprises tin.5. A method as in wherein the first metal comprises indium.6. A method as in further comprising forming a second metal-organic precursor from reaction between a second metal and the organic acid.7. A method as in wherein the first metal comprises indium claim 6 , the second metal comprises tin claim 6 , and ...

Process and intermediate

Process for the preparation of a compound of Formula (I): the process comprising the reaction of a compound of Formula (II) with malononitrile in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst, wherein X, Y and Z, independently of each other, represent fluoro, chloro or C 1-4 alkyl; and L is a leaving group; with the proviso that 1 or 2 of X and Y are, independently of each other, fluoro or chloro.

COMPOSITION, THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING THE SAME, AND MOLDED ARTICLE THEREOF

Provided are: a composition capable of imparting excellent transparency and physical properties to thermoplastic resins; a thermoplastic resin composition containing the composition; and a molded article of the thermoplastic resin composition. The composition contains the following (A), (B), (C) and (D), and ratios of respective components with respect to a total amount of (A) to (D) are: (A) 35 to 75% by mass, (B) 10 to 40% by mass, (C) 0 to 20% by mass, and (D) 5 to 35% by mass. The (A) is an aromatic phosphate metal salt represented by the following Formula (1) wherein, Rto Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like; Rrepresents an alkylidene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m represents a number of 1 or 2; when m is 1, Mrepresents lithium; and when m is 2, Mrepresents hydroxyaluminum, the (B) is a sodium carboxylate, the (C) is a fatty acid metal salt represented by the following Formula (2) wherein, Rrepresents a group introduced to an aliphatic organic acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms; Mrepresents an n-valent metal atom or the like; and n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and the (D) is a fatty acid. 3. The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a phenolic antioxidant claim 1 , a phosphorus-based antioxidant claim 1 , a thioether-based antioxidant claim 1 , other antioxidant claim 1 , a hindered amine compound claim 1 , an ultraviolet absorber claim 1 , a nucleating agent having a structure different from the one represented by Formula (1) claim 1 , a flame retardant claim 1 , a flame retardant aid claim 1 , a lubricant claim 1 , a filler claim 1 , a hydrotalcite claim 1 , an antistatic agent claim 1 , a fluorescent brightener claim 1 , a pigment claim 1 , and a dye.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the (B) sodium carboxylate is a sodium aromatic carboxylate or a sodium-fatty acid.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ratios of (A) claim 1 ...

6-SUBSTITUTED AND 7-SUBSTITUTED MORPHINAN ANALOGS AND THE USE THEREOF

The application is directed to compounds of Formula I or II: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R′, R″, R′″ R, R, R, R, R, and Rare defined as set forth in the specification. The invention is also directed to use of compounds of Formula I or II and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof to treat disorders responsive to the modulation of one or more opioid receptors. Certain compounds of the invention are especially useful for treating pain. 4. (canceled)725-. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. (canceled)29. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Ris —Z-G-R.30. The compound of claim 29 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of —(C-C)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with OH; -(6- to 14-membered)aryl; ((6- to 14-membered)aryl)-(C-C)alkyl-; -(3- to 12-membered)cycloalkyl; ((3- to 12-membered)cycloalkyl)-(C-C)alkyl-; —(C-C)alkoxy; -(3- to 12-membered)heterocycle; ((3- to 12-membered)heterocycle)-(C-C)alkyl; —COOR; —(C-C)alkyl-COOR; -(6-14-membered)aryl substituted with —NH—C(═NH)—NRR; ((6-14-membered)aryl)-(C-C)alkyl-substituted with NH—C(═NH)—NRR; —NRR; —(C-C)alkyl-NRR; and —(C-C)alkyl-NH—C(═NH)—NRR;{'sup': '7', 'wherein Ris hydrogen;'}3162-. (canceled)63. The compound of claim 30 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris hydrogen or —(C-C)alkyl.6466-. (canceled)67. The compound of claim 29 , wherein Gis a bond claim 29 , —C(═O)— claim 29 , —O— claim 29 , —O—C(═O)— claim 29 , —NR claim 29 , —NH—C(═O) claim 29 , or —NH—C(═NH); wherein Ris hydrogen.6869-. (canceled)70. The compound of claim 29 , wherein Zis (CH) claim 29 , wherein m is 0 or 1.72. (canceled)73. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Ris —Z-G-R.74. The compound of claim 73 , wherein Ris —(C-C)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with OH; —(C-C)alkoxy; -(6- to 14-membered)aryl; -(6- to 14-membered)aryl substituted with —NH—C(═NH)—NRR; ((6- to 14-membered)aryl)-(C-C)alkyl-substituted with —NH—C(═NH)—NRR; —NRR; —(C-C)alkyl-NRR; or —(C-C)alkyl-NH—C(═NH)—NRR.7596-. ( ...

SAXAGLIPTIN SALTS

The present invention provides saxagliptin bisulphate, saxagliptin acetate, saxagliptin oxalate, saxagliptin bicarbonate, and saxagliptin carbonate, their polymorphic forms, processes for their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

ALPHA-BRANCHED ALKENOIC ACIDS AND THE USE OF ALPHA-BRANCHED ALKANOIC AND ALKENOIC ACIDS AS A FRAGRANCE

The present invention refers to alpha branched alkanoic and alkenoic acids of formula (I) 2. The fragrance application according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl decanoic acid claim 1 , 2-methyl undecanoic acid claim 1 , 2-ethyl decanoic acid claim 1 , 2-ethyl undecanoic acid claim 1 , 2-methyl undec-9-enoic acid claim 1 , 2-methyl undec-10-enoic acid claim 1 , 2-methyl undec-8-enoic acid claim 1 , 2-methyl undec-7-enoic acid and 2-methyl dodecanoic acid.3. The fragrance application according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises 2-methyl undecanoic acid.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl decanoic acid claim 4 , 2-methyl undecanoic acid claim 4 , 2-ethyl decanoic acid claim 4 , 2-ethyl undecanoic acid claim 4 , 2-methyl undec-9-enoic acid claim 4 , 2-methyl undec-10-enoic acid claim 4 , 2-methyl undec-8-enoic acid claim 4 , 2-methyl undec-7-enoic acid and 2-methyl dodecanoic acid.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises 2-methyl undecanoic acid. The present application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 13/130,847, having a 371(c) date of May 24, 2011, which is a national stage application of International Application No. PCT/CH2009/000385, filed Dec. 2, 2009, which claims priority from Great Britain Patent Application Serial No. 0822091.5, filed Dec. 3, 2008, and which are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention refers to alpha branched alkanoic and alkenoic acids and their use as odorants. This invention relates furthermore to a method of their production and fragrance compositions comprising them.In the fragrance industry there is a constant demand for new compounds that enhance, modify or improve on odour notes. Surprisingly, it has now been found that alpha branched alkanoic and alkenoic acids of formula (I) as defined ...

PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION

A protective composition for use in an optoelectronic device, said protective composition comprises an organometallic getter capable of reacting with sulfur and/or selenium to form crystals containing a metal and sulfur and/or selenium. The protective composition may form a layer or an optical component. Advantageously, the protective composition effectively removes sulfide gas and results in the formation of stable crystals, and does not merely reduce the permeation rate of the gas. The resulting crystals typically have high transparency and low light absorption. 2. (canceled)3. The protective composition according to claim 1 , wherein said organometallic getter comprises zinc.4. The protective composition according to claim 1 , wherein said organometallic getter comprises an organic anion.5. The protective composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a matrix comprising a polymer.6. The protective composition according to claim 5 , wherein said organometallic getter is chemically attached to the polymer.7. The protective composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a wavelength converting material.8. A protective layer comprising a protective composition according to .9. The layer assembly comprising a protective layer according to and a wavelength converting layer comprising a wavelength converting material.10. The layer assembly according to claim 8 , wherein said wavelength converting material comprises sulfur and/or selenium.11. An optical component comprising a protective composition according to .12. A light emitting arrangement comprising at least one solid state light source and a protective composition according to .13. The light emitting arrangement according to claim 12 , further comprising a silver layer claim 12 , wherein said silver layer is at least partly covered by said protective composition.14. The light emitting arrangement according to claim 12 , further comprising a wavelength converting material arranged to receive light ...

FLAME RETARDANT RESIN COMPOSITION, AND CABLE AND OPTICAL FIBER CABLE USING THE SAME

Disclosed is a flame retardant resin composition comprising a polyolefin resin, calcium carbonate particles blended at a ratio of 5 pts. mass to 80 pts. mass, aluminum hydroxide blended at a ratio of 50 pts. mass to 125 pts. mass, a silicone-based compound blended at a ratio of more than 1 pt. mass and 10 pts. mass or less, a fatty acid-containing compound blended at a ratio of 3 pts. mass to 20 pts. mass, and a zinc-containing inorganic compound blended at a ratio of 1 pt. mass to 7 pts. mass, all relative to 100 pts. mass of the polyolefin resin. In the flame retardant resin composition, the calcium carbonate particles and the aluminum hydroxide are blended in total at a ratio of 55 pts. mass to 130 pts. mass relative to 100 pts. mass of the polyolefin resin. 1. A flame retardant resin composition comprising:a polyolefin resin;calcium carbonate particles blended at a ratio of 5 parts by mass or more and 80 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin;aluminum hydroxide blended at a ratio of 50 parts by mass or more and 125 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin;a silicone-based compound blended at a ratio of more than 1 part by mass and 10 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin;a fatty acid-containing compound blended at a ratio of 3 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin; anda zinc-containing inorganic compound blended at a ratio of 1 part by mass or more and 7 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin,wherein the calcium carbonate particles and the aluminum hydroxide are blended in total at a ratio of 55 parts by mass or more and 130 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin.2. The flame retardant resin composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the average particle diameter of the calcium carbonate particles is 1.2 μm or more.3 ...

PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM VICINAL DIOLS

The present invention relates to a process of preparation of carboxylic acids by oxidative cleavage of at least one vicinal diol or an epoxide in the presence of an oxidant comprising molecular oxygen and a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a copper oxide. 1. Process for the preparation of carboxylic acids comprisingsubjecting to oxidative cleavage at least a vicinal diol or epoxide in the presence of an oxidizing agent comprising molecular oxygen and of a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a copper oxide.2. Process according to wherein said copper oxide is a copper oxide in supported form claim 1 , a mixed oxide or a mixture thereof.3. Process according to wherein the support of the said copper oxide is selected from the group consisting of: alumina claim 2 , silica claim 2 , CeO2 claim 2 , TiO2 claim 2 , ZrO2 claim 2 , MgO claim 2 , amorphous or polycrystalline oxide substrates claim 2 , carbon claim 2 , amorphous carbon claim 2 , inorganic-organic sol-gel matrices claim 2 , zeolites claim 2 , aluminosilicates claim 2 , alkaline earth carbonates claim 2 , montmorillonites claim 2 , polymer matrices claim 2 , polyfunctional resins claim 2 , ion-exchange resins claim 2 , ceramic supports or a mixture of two or more thereof.4. Process according to wherein the said copper oxide further comprises one or more metallic elements claim 2 , in addition to a cupric and/or cuprous ion.5. Process according to wherein the said metallic elements are selected from iron claim 4 , zinc claim 4 , aluminium claim 4 , nickel and mixtures thereof.6. Process according to wherein the said vicinal diol or epoxide is prepared starting from unsaturated fatty acids or derivatives thereof.7. Process according to wherein the said derivatives are esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with mono-alcohols and/or poly-alcohols.8. Process according to wherein the said derivatives are selected from methyl esters claim 7 , ethyl esters claim 7 , propyl esters claim 7 , butyl esters claim 7 , ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF IRON SOAP

A method of manufacturing an iron soap is disclosed herein. The method comprising the steps of: reacting, at a temperature equal to or lower than a crystal transition initiation temperature of the iron soap to be manufactured, between a straight-chain saturated fatty acid alkali metal salt aqueous solution having from 12 to 22 carbons and a trivalent iron salt aqueous solution with pH of 0.1 to 5.5 so as to prepare an iron soap slurry; and adjusting pH of the prepared iron soap slurry to from 0.1 to 6.0. 1{'br': None, 'i': C', 'D', 'D', 'D', 'D, 'Granularity summary value =(90−10)/50 (where 1.0≤50≤40.0)\u2003\u2003Formula (1)'}D10: 10% cumulative diameter (μm) of fatty acid metal salt particles on a volumetric basisD50: 50% cumulative diameter (μm) of fatty acid metal salt particles on a volumetric basis reacting, at a temperature equal to or lower than a crystal transition initiation temperature of the iron soap to be manufactured, between a straight-chain saturated fatty acid alkali metal salt aqueous solution having from 12 to 22 carbons and a trivalent iron salt aqueous solution with pH of 0.1 to 5.5 so as to prepare an iron soap slurry; and', 'adjusting pH of the prepared iron soap slurry to from 0.1 to 6.0., 'D90: 90% cumulative diameter (μm) of fatty acid metal salt particles on a volumetric basis the method comprising the steps of. A method of manufacturing an iron soap having a content A (%) of free fatty acid being 0.01≤A≤8.0, a content B (%) of water soluble salt being 0.01≤B≤0.5, and a granularity summary value C indicated in Formula (1) being 0.1≤C≤5.0, wherein the iron soap is a salt of a straight-chain saturated fatty acid having from 12 to 22 carbons and an iron, This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/527,481, filed on May 17, 2017, in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, which claims the benefit of PCT/JP2015/082067, filed on Nov. 16, 2015, and this application claims priority of Application No. 2014-234065 ...

Process for preparing mesotrione

A process for the preparation of mesotrione enolate is provided. The process comprises providing a solution of mesotrione in an organic solvent and contacting the solution with a moderate base in the presence of water at a pH of from 6 to 8, to form an aqueous mesotrione enolate solution. A process for preparing mesotrione from the products of an enol ester rearrangement of 3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoate is also provided. The process comprises contacting the products of the rearrangement reaction with an organic solvent to dissolve mesotrione; and contacting the resulting solution with an aqueous solution of an acid.

LACTYLATE PURIFICATION PROCESS

A method for separation of fatty acid from a mixture having fatty acid, the corresponding acyl lactylate and lactic acid, method having steps of: a) providing dispersion of mixture in polar carrier; b) adjusting dispersion mixture to pH from 5-9; and, c) extracting fatty acid from dispersion carrier mixture into solvent immiscible with polar carrier, obtaining fatty acid solution and aqueous raffinate having lactic acid and fatty acid lactylate. Polar carrier has from 70-100 wt. % of water and from 0-30 wt. % of one or more miscible, polar co-solvents. Aqueous raffinate may be further processed by: i) acidifying raffinate to pH from 0-3; and, either ii)a) allowing acidified raffinate to separate into two layers and separating lower, aqueous layer from residual layer of acyl lactylate, or ii)b) extracting fatty acid lactylate from acidified raffinate into second solvent which is immiscible with aqueous raffinate, obtaining an acyl lactylate solution. 1. A method for separation of fatty acid from a mixture comprising fatty acid , the corresponding acyl lactylate and lactic acid , said method comprising the steps of:a) providing a dispersion of said mixture in a polar carrier;b) adjusting the dispersion mixture to a pH of from 5 to 9; and,c) extracting the fatty acid from the dispersion carrier mixture into a solvent immiscible with said polar carrier, thereby obtaining a fatty acid solution,wherein said polar carrier comprises, by weight of said carrier, from 70 to 100 wt. % of water and from 0 to 30 wt. % of one or more miscible, polar co-solvents.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the immiscible solvent has a boiling point less than 120° C. at atmospheric pressure.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the immiscible solvent should be capable of dissolving said fatty acid in an amount of at least 5 wt. % based on the weight of the solvent.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the immiscible solvent is distilled from said ...

STABLE SOLID FORMS OF ENCLOMIPHENE AND ENCLOMIPHENE CITRATE

The present invention refers to new solid forms of Enclomiphene citrate and Enclomiphene base, processes for preparing thereof and uses. 2. Enclomiphene acetate according to which is characterized by the following H-NMR (400 MHz claim 1 , DMSO-d) peaks: δ=7.45-7.37 (m claim 1 , 2H) claim 1 , 7.36-7.29 (m claim 1 , 5H) claim 1 , 7.28-7.21 (m claim 1 , 3H) claim 1 , 6.86 (dt claim 1 , J=9.1; 3 Hz claim 1 , 2H) claim 1 , 6.71 (dt claim 1 , J=9.1; 3 Hz claim 1 , 2H) claim 1 , 3.95 (t claim 1 , J=5.8 Hz claim 1 , 2H) claim 1 , 2.79 (t claim 1 , J=5.8 Hz claim 1 , 2H) claim 1 , 2.59 (q claim 1 , J=7.5 Hz claim 1 , 4H) claim 1 , 1.92 (s claim 1 , 3H) claim 1 , 0.97 (t claim 1 , J=7.5 Hz claim 1 , 6H).3. Enclomiphene acetate according to which characterized by the following C-NMR (100 MHz claim 1 , DMSO-d) peaks: 172.6 claim 1 , 157.9 claim 1 , 142.2 claim 1 , 140.4 claim 1 , 139.3 claim 1 , 133.1 claim 1 , 131.7 claim 1 , 130.1 claim 1 , 129.7 claim 1 , 128.7 claim 1 , 128.69 claim 1 , 128.61 claim 1 , 127.9 claim 1 , 114.5 claim 1 , 66.1 claim 1 , 51.4 claim 1 , 47.3 claim 1 , 21.6 claim 1 , 11.8.4. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising Enclomiphene acetate of formula (IV) according to and one or more pharmaceutical acceptable excipients.5. A method for the treatment ovulatory dysfunction or polycystic ovary syndrome claim 1 , comprising administering the Enclomiphene acetate of to a patient in need thereof. This application is continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/115,133, filed Jul. 28, 2016, which is a 371 of PCT/EP2015/074746 filed Oct. 26, 2015, which claims the benefit of European Patent Application No. 14190738.6, filed Oct. 28, 2014, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.The present invention refers to processes for the preparation the active pharmaceutical ingredient named Clomiphene and, in particular, trans-Clomiphene, i.e. Enclomiphene.Moreover, the invention refers to new solid forms of trans-Clomiphene and trans-Clomiphene citrate ...

IONIC FLUID PRECURSORS

The present disclosure provides an ionic fluid pre-cursor being a reaction product of at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one hydrogen donor and having a softening point less than the melting point or softening point of said compound of formula (I) 1. An ionic fluid pre-cursor , being a reaction product of at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one hydrogen donor and having a softening point less than the melting point or softening point of said compound of formula (I){'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', '2, 'MA.zHO \u2003\u2003Formula (I)'}wherein,M is independently selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Mo, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb, St, Bi, La, Ce, Al, Hg, Cs, Rb, Sr, V, Pd, Zr, Au, Pt, quarternary ammonium, immidazolium, phosphonium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium,{'sub': 3', '4', '3', '2', '4, 'A is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, NO, SO, CHCOO, HCOO and CO,'}z is 0 to 20, andx and y are integers independently ranging from 1 to 20.2. The ionic fluid pre-cursor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said precursor is maintained at a temperature of not more than 40° C.3. The ionic fluid pre-cursor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein during the preparation or storage of said ionic liquid pre-cursor and its conversion to ionic fluid claim 1 , acidic fumes are not liberated in the form of compound of formula HAy.4. The ionic fluid pre-cursor as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that said ionic fluid pre-cursor is adapted to convert into ionic fluid without precipitation of salt.5. The ionic fluid pre-cursor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen donor is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of toluene-4-sulphonic acid monohydrate claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , maleic acid claim 1 , citric acid and methane sulfonic acid.6. The ionic fluid pre-cursor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of compound of formula (I) to said hydrogen donor ranges from 1:1 to 1:6 ...

RUBBER-METAL ADHESION PROMOTER, RUBBER COMPOSITION, AND TIRE

A rubber-metal adhesion promoter characterized by including: a metal salt (1) of a carboxylic acid which is a metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 2 to 25 carbon atoms and in which the metal is bismuth, copper, antimony, silver or niobium; or a compound (2) represented by the following general formula (A): [wherein Z represents a structure selected from the following formulae (z-1) to (z-4); M represents bismuth, copper, antimony, silver or niobium; (RCOO) represents a residue of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 2 to 25 carbon atoms; and x represents the valence of M minus 1]. 113-. (canceled)15. The method of adhering rubber and metal according to claim 14 , wherein the wherein said metal salt (1) of the carboxylic acid is included claim 14 , and the metal in the metal salt (1) of the carboxylic acid is bismuth or copper.16. The method of adhering rubber and metal according to claim 14 ,wherein said metal salt (1) of the carboxylic acid is included, andthe aliphatic carboxylic acid in the metal salt (1) of the carboxylic acid is an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.17. The method of adhering rubber and metal according to claim 16 ,wherein the aliphatic carboxylic acid in said metal salt (1) of the carboxylic acid is a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.18. The method of adhering rubber and metal according to claim 17 ,wherein the carboxylic acid in said metal salt (1) of the carboxylic acid is 2-ethylhexanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid or octadecanoic acid.19. The method of adhering rubber and metal according to claim 14 ,wherein said compound (2) is included, andM in the compound (2) is bismuth or copper.20. The method of adhering rubber and metal according to claim 14 ,wherein said compound (2) is included, andZ in the compound (2) is a structure represented by said formula (z-1).21. The method of adhering rubber and metal according to claim 14 ,wherein said compound (2) ...

VALPROIC ACID SALTS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE

METABOLITE-BASED POLYMERS AND MICROPARTICLES FOR DELIVERY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND TISSUE REGENERATION

The present invention provides polymers, particles, and compositions thereof that selectively and efficiently deliver various therapeutic agents, such as metabolites, to a cell. The present invention further relates to methods relating to the said polymers, particles, and compositions for enhancing biological tissue growth (e.g. biological tissue regeneration in wound healing) in a subject. The present invention additionally provides kits that find use in the practice of the methods of the invention. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris O.38-. (canceled)9. A particle comprising at least one compound of .10. The particle of claim 9 , wherein the particle has an average size of about 0.01 μm to about 1000 μm.11. The particle of claim 9 , wherein the particle encapsulates at least one therapeutic agent claim 9 , wherein the compound comprising the structure of Formula (I) encapsulates the at least one therapeutic agent.12. A method of delivering a therapeutic agent to a cell in a subject in need thereof claim 9 , the method comprising administering at least one particle of to the subject claim 9 , wherein the particle encapsulates the therapeutic agent.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the therapeutic agent is an anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the particle releases a therapeutic agent inside or outside the cell claim 12 , wherein the therapeutic agent is a metabolite selected from the group consisting of α-ketoglutarate (αKG) claim 12 , succinic acid claim 12 , citric acid claim 12 , spermidine claim 12 , itaconic acid claim 12 , and any combination thereof.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the particle is administered orally claim 12 , topically claim 12 , intravenously claim 12 , intraperitoneally claim 12 , or intramuscularly to the subject.16. A method of enhancing biological tissue growth in a subject in need thereof claim 9 , the method comprising administering at least one particle of to the subject.17. A ...

PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING CARBOXILIC ACIDS BY CARBONYLED OLEFINS.

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA OBTENCION DE ACIDOS CARBOXILICOS A PARTIR DE OLEFINAS Y MONOXIDO DE CARBONO EN PRESENCIA DE AGUA Y DE UN SISTEMA CATALITICO SIN HALOGENOS A TEMPERATURAS DE 30 A 200 C Y PRESIONES DE 30 A 200 BAR, UTILIZANDO COMO SISTEMA CATALITICO UNA MEZCLA DE RODIO O DE UN COMPUESTO DE RODIO Y DE AL MENOS UN COMPUESTO HETEROCICLICO QUE CONTIENE NITROGENO. PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM OLEFINS AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER AND A CATALYTIC SYSTEM WITHOUT HALOGENS AT TEMPERATURES OF 30 TO 200 C AND PRESSURES OF 30 TO 200 BAR, USING AS A CATALYCTIC SYSTEM OF OIL A RHODIUM COMPOUND AND AT LEAST A HETEROCICLIC COMPOUND CONTAINING NITROGEN.

Thermoplastic polymer composition

A thermoplastic polymer composition comprises a thermoplastic polymer and a nucleating agent. The nucleating agent comprises a compound conforming to the structure of Formula (I) or Formula (II).

Thermoplastic polymer composition

A thermoplastic polymer composition comprises a thermoplastic polymer and a nucleating agent. The nucleating agent comprises a compound conforming to the structure of Formula (I) or Formula (II)

Thermoplastic polymer composition

A thermoplastic polymer composition comprises a thermoplastic polymer and a nucleating agent. The nucleating agent comprises a compound conforming to the structure of Formula (I) or Formula (II)

Methods of synthesizing 2-4-4-4 tetrachlorobutyric acid

Process for preparing high molecular weight carboxylic compositions

THIS INVENTION TO RELATES TO A PROCESS AND THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM FOR PREPARING A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT SUBSTANTIALLY SATURATED, HYDROCARBON-SUBSTITUTED CRBOXYLIC COMPOSITION AND MORE SPECIFICALLY TO AN OIL SOLUBLE CARBOXYLIC COMPOSITION OBTAINED BY REACTING AT LEAST ONE HALOGENATED SUBSTANTIALLY-SATURATED HYDROCARBON HAVING AT LEAST 25 ALIPHATIC CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE WITH AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF AT LEAST ONE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT, ALPHA OR BETA HALOGENATED SATURATED-ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID OR A DERIVATIVE THEREOF. THE CARBOXYLIC COMPOSITIONS OF THIS INVENTION ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL AS ADDITIVES, E.G., DIPERSANTS, ECT. IN VARIOUS OLEAGINOUS MATERIALS INCLUDING, FOR EXAMPLE, LUBICATING OILS, HYDROULIC FLUIDS. FUELS, ETC.

一种含二氯乙酸双羟基季铵盐除草剂、其制备方法及应用

本发明公开了一种二氯乙酸双羟基季铵盐除草剂、其制备方法和应用。所述的二氯乙酸双羟基季铵盐除草剂结构通式表示：

곰팡이 유래의 에노일 환원효소 저해 활성 물질 및 그물질을 생산하는 신규 균주

본 발명은 지방산 생합성 활성을 저해하는 하기의 화학식(I) 또는 화학식(Ⅱ)로 표시되는 115B1 또는 115B2 물질과 그의 유도체를 제공하는 것이며, 이 115B1 또는 115B2를 생산하는 신규한 균주에 관한 것이다. 화학식(I) 화학식(Ⅱ) 후사리움, 항균활성

一种无氟烷基羧酸离子液体及其制备方法和应用

本发明提供了一种无氟烷基羧酸离子液体，具有如下通式(I)所示结构，其中：R 1 -R 4 分别独立选自碳原子数为1-18的烷基，或者苄基；R 5 选自碳原子数为1-6的烷基，或者通式(II)所示的基团，n选自2-12之间的任意整数。本发明提供的无氟烷基羧酸离子液体由于所采用的原料为低毒、廉价的季铵盐和脂肪酸钠盐，因此合成成本低、毒性小；由于不含氟元素，因此水解稳定性高，避免对金属基底材料造成腐蚀，是一种绿色环保的液体润滑剂，可作为钢/钢、钢/铜和钢/铝摩擦副的润滑剂，具有优异的减摩抗磨性能。