СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к усовершенствованному способу получения производных карбоновых кислот, выбранных из группы, включающей сложные эфиры и амиды, включающему взаимодействие сложного эфира карбоновой кислоты, спиртовой остаток которого содержит от 1 до 6 атомов углерода, со спиртом с 1-40 атомами углерода и/или амином с 1-40 атомами углерода в присутствии металлсодержащего катализатора, где по завершении взаимодействия реализуют контакт металлсодержащего катализатора с водой, и полученный продукт перемешивают с суперабсорбентом, причем контакт катализатора с водой сопровождается его гидролизом. Изобретение также относится к применению суперабсорбентов для выделения остаточного металла металлсодержащего катализатора из реакционной смеси после гидролиза катализатора. Способ обеспечивает надежное и максимально полное выделение катализаторов с высокой скоростью, низким потреблением энергии и незначительными потерями выхода. 2 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл., 38 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ 2-АЦЕТОКСИАЛКАНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СЛОЖНОГО ЭФИРА АЛЬФА-ГИДРОКСИАЛКАНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И СЛОЖНОГО ЭФИРА УКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ИСХОДНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

Изобретение относится к способу получения сложного эфира 2-ацетоксиалкановой кислоты, включающему нагревание смеси сложного эфира α-гидроксиалкановой кислоты и по меньшей мере одного моля алкилового эфира уксусной кислоты на моль сложного эфира α-гидроксиалкановой кислоты в реакционном сосуде до температуры 190-230°C при избыточном давлении в присутствии катализатора переэтерификации для превращения по меньшей мере части сложного эфира α-гидроксиалкановой кислоты и алкилового эфира уксусной кислоты в сложный эфир 2-ацетоксиалкановой кислоты и по меньшей мере в один алканол или фенольное соединение, при котором содержание воды в реакционном сосуде в ходе реакции поддерживается на уровне ниже 0,5 мас.%. В отличие от предыдущих способов получения сложных эфиров 2-ацетоксиалкановой кислоты данный процесс протекает с высоким выходом и высокой селективностью по отношению к целевому продукту. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 3 пр.

СИНТЕЗ КИСЛОРОДЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ БЕНЗОЦИКЛОГЕПТЕНОВ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ЦЕННЫХ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТКАНЕСЕЛЕКТИВНЫХ ЭСТРОГЕНОВ

Изобретение относится к новым промежуточным продуктам и усовершенствованному способу получения соединения С: Предлагаемый в изобретении способ получения основан на использовании недорогих исходных материалов, позволяет получать промежуточные продукты с высоким выходом и высокой степенью чистоты без необходимости проводить операции по хроматографической очистке и может быть реализован в условиях крупномасштабного промышленного производства. Изобретение относится к усовершенствованным способам получения соединения формулы I: соединения формулы II: соединения формулы III: соединения формулы VIII: соединения формулы IX: а также к реагенту, состоящему из трибромида бора и 2,6-диметилпиридина, для щадящего и селективного отщепления метильной группы в ароматических простых метиловых эфирах. 11 н. и 1 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ АЛКИЛОВЫХ ЭФИРОВ

Изобретение относится к усовершенствованным способам получения сложных алкиловых эфиров, которые могут быть использованы в качестве дизельного топлива, реакцией переэтерификации или этерификации. Способ получения сложного алкилового эфира, например, включает: смешение источника масла, содержащего триглицерид, с первичным спиртом или вторичным спиртом в органическом растворителе с получением раствора; где каждая молекула органического растворителя содержит 4-8 атомов углерода и гетероатом; взаимодействие триглицерида с первичным спиртом или вторичным спиртом в присутствии липазы, иммобилизованной на носителе, с получением сложного алкилового эфира, где раствор не подвергается разделению фаз в течение реакции, и в качестве побочного продукта образуется глицерин; и получение сложного алкилового эфира разделением фаз сложного алкилового эфира и глицерина после удаления органического растворителя и непрореагировавшего первичного или вторичного спирта выпариванием. Способ позволяет получить смесь ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к усовершенствованному способу получения сложных эфиров жирных кислот, применяемых для получения, например, фармацевтического, диетического и косметического продукта, дизельного топлива, а также как промежуточный продукт для получения жирных спиртов, поверхностно-активных веществ, смазочных материалов, путем переэтерификации триглицеридов жирных кислот рафинированных или нерафинированных натуральных масел, содержащих свободные жирные кислоты, низшими одноатомными спиртами при перемешивании в присутствии в качестве катализатора гидроокиси или алкоголята щелочного или щелочноземельного металла при температуре окружающей среды и атмосферном давлении с последующим отстоем, удалением тяжелой глицериновой фазы, добавлением воды для удаления оставшихся в сложноэфирной фазе примесей, смешением, отстоем, удалением водной фазы, причем процесс переэтерификации при смешении с последующим отстоем, отделением тяжелой глицериновой фазы, добавлением воды для удаления примесей при ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к катализаторам переэтерификации растительных масел с целью получения биотоплива и может применяться в отраслях, использующих дизельное топливо. Описаны катализаторы для получения биотоплива путем реакции переэтерификации растительного масла спиртом, представляющий собой композицию на основе гексаалюмината - MAl12O19 - со структурой магнетоплюмбита или β-Аl2О3, где М - Ва или Sr, или La, или имеющий структуру шпинели - MR2O4, где М - Са или Sr, или Ва, в качестве R он содержит Y или La, или представляющий собой композицию на основе MgO+R2O3+твердый раствор R2-xMgxO3 с гексагональной структурой, в качестве R он содержит Y или La, х=0.05÷0.12. Описаны способы получения катализаторов, включающий осаждение смешанного раствора азотнокислых солей М и Аl, в качестве М смешанный раствор содержит Ва или Sr, или La при постоянных значениях рН 7,5-8,0 и температуры водным раствором NH4HCO3, либо осаждение смешанного раствора азотнокислых солей М и R, где М - Са или Sr, или Ва ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к способу получения сложных эфиров жирных кислот низших одноатомных н-спиртов путем переэтерификации глицеридов жирных кислот в присутствии основных катализаторов. После осуществленной переэтерификации сложноэфирную фазу промывают глицерином, неочищенным глицерином или глицериновой фазой предыдущей стадии переэтерификации, полностью отделяют от последней глицериновой фазы и обрабатывают отбеливающей глиной, кремневой кислотой или другими физико-химическими подобными веществами. Способ позволяет из нерафинированных нативных масел без процессов промывки водой и без применения водосодержащих кислот для нейтрализации катализатора в сложноэфирной фазе получить качественный продукт. 2 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСШИХ АЛКИЛ(МЕТ)АКРИЛАТОВ ДЛЯ СИНТЕЗА ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ ДЕПРЕССОРНЫХ ПРИСАДОК К ПАРАФИНИСТЫМ НЕФТЯМ

Изобретение относится к способу получения высших алкил(мет)акрилатов, используемых для синтеза полимерных депрессорных присадок, которые предназначены для предотвращения застывания и снижения низкотемпературной вязкости парафинистых нефтей. Способ заключается в этерификации акриловой кислоты или смеси акриловой и метакриловой кислот высшими жирными спиртами C16-C26 в среде углеводородного растворителя в присутствии кислотного катализатора и ингибитора радикальной полимеризации с последующей нейтрализацией кислой реакционной массы, причем для нейтрализации кислой реакционной массы используют высшие первичные амины C8-C14, нейтрализацию кислой реакционной массы высшими первичными аминами проводят при температуре 20-90°C и мольном соотношении аминных и свободных кислотных групп, равном (1,0-1,3):1,0. После указанной нейтрализации раствор высших алкил(мет)акрилатов может использоваться для получения полимерных депрессорных присадок без дополнительной очистки. Техническим результатом является ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к способу получения биодизельного топлива, включающему подготовку сырья, нагревание и получение топлива при смешивании сырья со спиртом с добавлением катализатора, разделение на биодизельное топливо и глицерин, в качестве сырья используют растительное сырье масленичных культур. Способ характеризуется тем, что в качестве сырья используется смесь растительного и предварительного очищенного отработанного растительного масел в соотношении от 2,5:1 до 3:1, которые подают одновременно двумя потоками в первый реактор переэтерификации, смешивают спирт со щелочным катализатором, подают в дозатор, где разделяют на две части, 80% смеси подают в верхнюю часть первого ректора переэтерификации, и 20% смеси подают в верхнюю часть второго ректора переэтерификации, реакция в реакторах проходит при температуре от 40 до 45 °C в период от 50 до 60 мин, при этом после окончания реакции из первого реактора отводят смесь сложных эфиров с глицериновой частью в сепаратор, с получением глицериновой ...

Способ получения эфиров жирных кислот из отходов производства растительных масел

Настоящее изобретение относится к области химии и технологии получения смазочно-охлаждающих жидкостей, конкретно к способу получения эфиров жирных кислот из отходов производства растительных масел, который включает в себя экстракцию эфирного масла и триглицеридов жирных кислот из жмыхов эфиромасличных культур 95% этанолом при соотношении массы измельченного жмыха к этанолу 1:5, при перемешивании в течение 5-6 часов с последующей фильтрацией экстракта методом естественной фильтрации. Метод характеризуется тем, что процесс переэтерификации смеси эфирных масел и триглицеридов карбоновых кислот осуществляется в присутствии 0,2% по массе этилата натрия в качестве катализатора при температуре кипения смеси 79-80°С в течение 5 часов, при постоянном перемешивании на магнитной мешалке. Технический результат изобретения заключается в упрощении получения сложных этиловых эфиров карбоновых кислот эфирных масел с одновременной регенерацией этанола. 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 2,6-ДИТРЕТБУТИЛФЕНОЛЬНОГО СТАБИЛИЗАТОРА

Сущность изобретения: Продукт-2,6-дитретбутилфенольный стабилизатор БФ C73HIO8 O12, Т.пл. 114 - 115oС, светопропускание при 425/500 нм (%) - 96,4/99,0 пр. Реагент 1: β -(3, 5-дитретбутил-4-оксифенил)-пропионовая кислота. Реагент 2: смесь полиоксипропиленгликолевые эфиры н-бутилового спирта мол. м. 4300 - 4400. Условия реакции: после кристаллизации продукт обрабатывают 20 - 30 мас.ч. b -(3,5-дитретбутил-4-оксифенил)-пропионовой кислоты и 0,2 - 0,3 мас.ч. смеси полипропиленгликолевых эфиров н-бутилового спирта. 1 табл.

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АЛКИЛ(МЕТ)АКРИЛАТОВ С МНОГОКРАТНОЙ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦИЕЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

... 1. Способ непрерывного получения высших сложных эфиров (мет)акриловой кислоты (С) путем переэтерификации сложных метиловых эфиров (мет)акриловой кислоты (А) высшими спиртами (В) в присутствии катализатора или смеси катализаторов, отличающийся тем, что кубовый остаток вакуумного испарителя (6) делят на части и часть кубового остатка подают в реакционный аппарат (1). 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в качестве спиртов используют н-бутанол, изобутанол или 2-этилгексанол. 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в качестве катализатора используют гомогенные катализаторы. 4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что в качестве катализатора используют титанат спирта (В). 5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в реакционный аппарат (1) подают 1-95 мас.% кубового остатка вакуумного испарителя (6). 6. Способ по п.5, отличающийся тем, что в реакционный аппарат (1) подают 40-90 мас.% кубового остатка вакуумного испарителя (6). 7. Способ по п.6, отличающийся тем, что в реакционный аппарат (1) подают ...

ЛИПИДНЫЕ СМЕСИ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Липидная смесь, имеющая физиологически эффективное количество полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и/или их производных, которая характеризуется эффективным количеством модифицированного кокосового масла, которое содержит по существу C10-C14 жирные кислоты в форме моно-, ди- и триглицеридов и имеет температуру помутнения <5oС. 2. Липидная смесь по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что модифицированное кокосовое масло присутствует в концентрации от 5 до 40% от общего веса липидной смеси. 3. Липидная смесь по п. 2, отличающаяся тем, что модифицированное кокосовое масло присутствует в концентрации от 10 до 30% от общего веса липидной смеси. 4. Липидная смесь по п. 3, отличающаяся тем, что модифицированное кокосовое масло присутствует в концентрации от 15 до 25% от общего веса липидной смеси. 5. Липидная смесь по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что полиненасыщенными жирными кислотами являются линолевая кислота и α-линоленовая кислота. 6. Липидная смесь по п. 5, отличающаяся тем, что соотношение линолевой кислоты ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИАЛКИЛМЕТАКРИЛАТНЫХ ПРИСАДОК И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Группа изобретений относится к области химической технологии, в частности к способам производства полиалкилметакрилатных присадок к нефти и нефтепродуктам, лакокрасочным составам, клеям постоянной липкости. Способ получения полиалкилметакрилатных присадок включает непрерывное получение алкилметакрилатов переэтерификацией метилметакрилата высшими жирными спиртами в присутствии катализатора и ингибитора, с последующей полимеризацией полученных алкилметакрилатов в базовом масле. Для получения алкилметакрилатов проводят ингибирование метилметакрилата, который затем смешивают с расплавленной фракцией высших жирных спиртов в мольном отношении 2-2,5:1 при температуре 65-70°С, полученную смесь переэтерифицируют в присутствии гетерогенного катализатора с получением алкилметакрилатов с одновременной ректификацией образовавшегося метанола в виде азеотропа с метилметакрилатом. Полученные алкилметакрилаты очищают от остаточного метилметакрилата и метанола пленочным испарением, образующиеся в процессе ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БУТАНДИОЛДИМЕТАКРИЛАТОВ

Изобретение касается способа получения бутандиолдиметакрилатов, включающего реакцию переэтерификации бутандиолом сложного эфира метакриловой кислоты, образованного спиртом, содержащим от 1 до 4 атомов углерода, в присутствии катализаторов, где в качестве катализатора используют комбинацию, которая содержит по меньшей мере одно соединение лития и по меньшей мере одно соединение кальция, причем по меньшей мере одно из соединений лития и/или кальция представляет собой оксид, гидроксид, алкоксид, содержащий от 1 до 4 атомов углерода, или карбоксилат, содержащий от 1 до 4 атомов углерода, а также взаимодействие протекает в присутствии воды в количестве от 0,005 до 8 мас.% в пересчете на массу используемого бутандиола в начале реакции, причем необязательно выдерживание указанного количества воды на протяжении всего процесса переэтерификации. Способ делает возможным получение бутандиолдиметакрилатов с особенно низкими затратами и очень высокой чистотой. 34 з.п. ф-лы, 6 пр.

СПОСОБ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНЫМ ПРОЦЕССОМ ПЕРЕЭТЕРИФИКАЦИИ РАПСОВОГО МАСЛА СВЕРХКРИТИЧЕСКИМ ЭТИЛОВЫМ СПИРТОМ

Изобретение относится к автоматическому управлению процессом переэтерификации рапсового масла сверхкритическим этиловым спиртом и может быть использовано в химической, нефтехимической, масложировой, топливной промышленности при получении биодизельной смеси, являющейся исходным продуктом для производства биодизеля. Способ предусматривает стабилизацию температуры переэтерификации воздействием на расход пара из парогенератора в змеевик реактора и давления в реакционной зоне воздействием на мощности приводов насосов высокого давления растительного масла и этилового спирта; непрерывное измерение мощности насосов высокого давления, привода мешалки, установленной в реакционной зоне реактора, насоса отвода биодизельной смеси, вакуум-насоса отвода паров непрореагировавшего спирта и мощности парогенератора; текущих расходов рапсового масла, спирта, биодизельной смеси, паров непрореагировавшего спирта; хладагента на конденсацию паров непрореагировавшего спирта; непрерывное получение информации о концентрации ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭФИРОВ ПОЛИГЛИЦЕРИНА И ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАСЕЛ

Изобретение относится к области органической химии и химии поверхностно-активных веществ, а именно к способу получения сложных эфиров полиглицерина и жирных кислот растительных масел (подсолнечного, соевого, пальмового, гидрогенизированного пальмового и кокосового), которые проявляют свойства эмульгаторов и могут найти применение в пищевой и косметической продукции. Способ получения эфиров полиглицерина и жирных кислот растительных масел характеризуется тем, что осуществляют взаимодействие полиглицерина со средней степенью полимеризации равной 5 (значение гидроксильного числа равно 1169±50 мг КОН/г, показатель преломления 1,4890-1,4905) и смеси метиловых эфиров жирных кислот растительных масел формулы RCOOCH, где R - остатки жирных кислот растительных масел (подсолнечного, соевого, пальмового, гидрогенизированного пальмового и кокосового), содержащие от 6 до 22 атомов углерода и до 3 двойных связей, при мольном соотношении реагентов полиглицерин:метиловые эфиры жирных кислот (МЭЖК) = 1: ...

СПОСОБ ПЕРЕЭТЕРИФИКАЦИИ ЭФИРОВ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к области химии производных карбоновых кислот, конкретно к способам получения эфиров переэтерификацией низших эфиров соответствующих кислот алканолами в присутствии катализатора. В качестве последнего предлагается использовать комплексное соединение органического оксида олова и фторида металла. Предлагаемый катализатор получают из оксида олова, предпочтительно дибутилоловооксида, и фторида металла, предпочтительно фторида калия, взятых в мольном соотношении 1:n, предпочтительно 1 : (0,1-1), при температуре 100-120°С в среде инертного органического растворителя. Применение катализатора позволяет снизить температуру и время переэтерификации, повысить выход целевых продуктов и в ряде случаев использовать исходные низшие эфиры невысокого качества, которые были непригодны для переэтерификации. Катализатор используют в количестве от 0,1 до 1,5 моль %. Переэтерификацию ведут в отсутствии растворителя при непрерывном удалении образующегося низшего алканола с помощью инертного ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к способу получения сложных эфиров жирных кислот низших одноатомных н-спиртов путем переэтерификации глицеридов жирных кислот в присутствии основных катализаторов. Предлагаемый в изобретении способ отличается тем, что после осуществленной переэтерификации сложноэфирную фазу промывают глицерином, неочищенным глицерином из обработки глицерина или глицериновой фазой предыдущей стадии переэтерификации, полностью отделяют от последней глицериновой фазы и обрабатывают с помощью отбеливающей глины, кремневой кислоты или других физико-химически подобных веществ. В противоположность известным способам, благодаря этому из нерафинированных нативных масел без процессов промывки водой и без применения водосодержащих кислот для нейтрализации катализатора в сложноэфирной фазе можно достигать качеств продуктов, которые иначе можно только получать из очищенных масел при применении стадий способа, где используют воду.

Способ получения акриловых или метакриловых эфиров одно- и многоатомных спиртов

Способ получения (-оксимоноэтилового эфира терефталевой кислоты

CПOCOБ ПOЛУЧEHИЯ ЭTИЛOBOГO ЭФИPA , -ДИMETИЛAKPИЛOBOЙ KИCЛOTЫ

Способ получения диметилового эфира терефталевой кислоты

Способ получения сложных эфиров синтетических жирных кислот с -с

Способ получения олигоэфиракрилатов

Способ получения дифенилтерефталата

Способ получения сложного эфира акриловой кислоты

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON TETRAKIS (3-(3,5-DI-TERT-BUTYL-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)PROPIONYLOXYMETHYL)METHAN.

POLY-3-CYCLOPROPYL-3-HYDROXYPROPIONAT UND VERFAHREN ZU SEINER HERSTELLUNG UND DERIVATE DARAUS

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Cyclopropancarboxylaten

PALLADIUM(II)-KATALYSATOR, SEINE HERSTELLUNG UND VERWENDUNG

TRANSESTERIFIKATION VON ALKOXYESTERN.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF METHACRYLIC ESTERS BY TRANSESTERIFICATION

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ACETOXYSTYREN

Zirkonverbindungen von Sulfonsäuren

Production of an ester compound of low sulfur content comprises reaction of a fatty acid, derived from natural fats or oils, with an alcohol followed by the adsorption of the resulting ester compound using clay and/or activated carbon

A process for the production of an ester compound (I) comprises reaction of a fatty acid, derived from natural fats or oils, with a 1-4C alcohol followed by the adsorption of the resulting ester compound using at least one adsorbent, comprising clay and/or activated carbon. An Independent claim is included for a process for producing an alcohol by hydrogenation of the ester compound (I).

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ALKYLESTERN AUS FETTSÄUREN VON FETTEN UND ÖLEN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ESTERN VON M-PHENOXYBENZYLALKOHOL UND SEINER ALPHA-CYANO- UND ALPHA-AETHINYLDERIVATE MIT CARBONSAEUREN

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Diarylcarbonats

Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Esterverbindung und Verwendung eines Katalysators

Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Esterverbindung, umfassend die Umesterung eines Alkohols, einer Carbonsäure oder einer Esterverbindung mit einem Ausgangsester in der Gegenwart eines Katalysators, umfassend ein Phosphat aus zumindest einem Metall, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Aluminium, Gallium und Eisen, und ein Element ausgewählt aus Barsäure und einem Erdalkalielement.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Biodiesel

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Biodiesel aus biogenen fett- oder öl-haltigen Ausgangsgemischen mit einem hohen Anteil freier Fettsäuren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Biodiesel.

PROCESS

Chemical compounds

TRANSESTERIFICATION CATALYSTS FOR PRODUCTION OF POLY -C4 TO C12 ALKYLENETEREPHTHALATE

... 1388031 Bis(hydroxy alkyl)terephthalates FMC CORP 29 March 1972 [24 May 1971] 14908/72 Heading C2C [Also in Division C3] Bis(hydroxy C 4-12 alkyl)terephthalates are prepared by transesterifying a C 1-4 dialkyl terephthalate and a C 4-12 alkylene glycol using a transesterification catalyst of the formula M x TiF 6 where M is a NH 4 radical, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, x is 2 where M is monovalent and x is 1 where M is bivalent. The examples describe reacting dimethyl terephthalate with 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,10- decanediol, 1,5-pentanediol or 1,12-dodecanediol using catalysts of the above formula, e.g. diammonium hexafluorotitanate.

Continuous process for the manufacture of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and lowmolecular weight polymers thereof

A continuous process for producing a bis(hydroxyalkyl)terephthalate by the catalytic reaction of a terephthalate of a C1- 8 alkanol with a C2- 10 polymethylene glycol is characterized by a static hold-up of at least 25% of the reactants in the reaction zone; the product may be converted to a polymethylene terephthalate of 8-16 degrees of polymerization by passing it through a heated zone in the form of a thin film.

CHEMICAL PROCESS

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ESTERS OF ACRYLIC AND METHACRYLIC ACID

A process for the preparation of an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester comprises transesterifying an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester of a C1-4 alcohol with a monohydric alcohol different from that esterified in the starting material in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a combination of compounds A and B wherein A represents the compound Lin Y, wherein Y represents halide or chlorate or carbonate or the salt of a carboxylic acid with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxide with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxide or oxygen and n represents 1 or 2, depending on the valency of Y, and X represents the compound CaXq wherein X represents oxygen or chloride and q represents 1 or 2, depending on the valency of X, with the proviso that at least one of the two anionic components X and Y should contain oxygen.

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS

A method for producing Diesel grade fuel of plant origin by transesterifying a refined vegetable oil with a C1-C4 alcohol in the presence of a catalyst and at least 0.2 parts by volume, related to unit volume of refined vegetable oil, of an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent with a boiling point of 40-200{C, comprises mixing the oil, alcohol, catalyst and solvent in a single reaction vessel under conditions which promote transesterification to 95-98% completion and which suppress reverse glycerolysis, without stopping transesterification, without separating the reactor contents into a polar phase and an apolar phase, and without repeating transesterification in a further step on the apolar phase. In the preferred embodiments, the oil is sunflower oil, the alcohol is methanol, the catalyst is KOH, the solvent hexane, and the reaction conditions are boiling temperature.

Method of preparing partial fatty acid esters of inositol

Partial fatty acid esters of inositol are prepared by reacting inositol with a fatty acid ester of an aliphatic primary monohydric alcohol having 1-8 carbon atoms or of a polyhydric alcohol having not more than 3 carbon atoms at 50-150 DEG C. in the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide and an alkaline interesterification catalyst. The reaction may be conducted at reduced pressure. After completion of the reaction the catalyst is inactivated by water and/or acid and the reaction mixture freed of dimethyl sulphoxide and unreacted inositol. Specified fatty acid esters are those of methanol, ethanol, hexanol, and octanol, such as methyl, ethyl and octyl palmitates, and completely or incompletely esterified glycol and glycerol. The fatty acid radicals preferably contain 8-22 carbon atoms and preferred starting materials are animal, vegetable and marine oils, and fats. Several catalysts are specified. The degree of esterification of the inositol is dependent on the molecular proportions of the reactants ...

Production of acrylates and methacrylates

Esters of acrylic or methacrylic acids are prepared by a transesterification process which comprises (A) heating a mixture of (1) a primary or secondary alcohol (2) an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid with an alcohol boiling lower than the desired ester product (3) at least one phenate of sodium, potassium, or lithium and if necessary (4) a polymerization inhibitor other than the phenate catalyst and (B) distilling an azeotrope of the ester reactant and alcohol liberated, wherein the amount of phenate present in the reaction is from 0.2 to 8 mole per cent of the alcohol reactant and the alkali metal content of the reaction mixture is no more than stoichiometric with respect to the amount of free phenol which corresponds to the phenate present. Methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl acrylate and methacrylates may be used and unsubstituted or substituted phenate catalysts, e.g. with C1-C12 alkyl or alkoxy, amino, C1-C8 alkylamino, phenylamino, or phenyl substituents may be used and may be prepared ...

Xylitol esters

Non-cyclic xylitol esters with C6 to C30 fatty acids are made by reacting in pyridine, an ester of a monohydric C1 to C8 alcohol and a C6 to C30 fatty acid with at least 3 molecular amounts of xylitol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, preferably potassium carbonate, under a nitrogen atmosphere, at 90 DEG to 100 DEG C./250-300 mm. for 12-24 hrs., shaking the reaction mass with hexane, filtering the precipitated unreacted xylitol, which may be re-used in the process, distilling off the solvent and recrystallizing the residue, e.g. from dichloroethane. Preferred starting materials, also exemplified are methyl palmitate, oleate or laurate, and the invention includes the products thus prepared, which are mixtures of non-cyclic mono- and diesters of xylitol, i.e. the laurates, oleates or palmitates. Examples refer.

Improvements in or relating to the preparation of esters

Aryl esters of di- or poly-carboxylic acids are prepared by a process in which (1) an alkyl ester of the acid is reacted with at least an equivalent amount of a monohydric phenol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst at a temperature above 160 DEG C. until at least about 50% of the alkyl groups have been liberated from the ester, whereafter (2) an aliphatic acid anhydride in an amount at least equivalent to the remaining alkyl groups in the ester is added to the reaction mixture. The treatment of esters of carbocyclic acids having carboxylic groups in adjacent nuclear positions is excluded. Specified transesterification catalysts are polyphosphoric acids, alkali-metal hydrogen phosphates, toluenesulphonic acids, alkali or alkaline-earth metal hydroxides, tertiary amines, compounds of antimony or tin, titanic acid esters, and metallic magnesium or aluminium. In a typical example, dimethyl terephthalate and phenol are heated to 230-250 DEG C. in the presence of magnesium, tin ...

Improvements in or relating to the preparation of monomeric glycol terephthalates

Polyesters are produced by polymerizing monomeric glycol terephthalates which are prepared by reacting a glycol of the formula HO(CH2)nOH, where n is an integer of 2 to 10, with a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group in the presence of a catalyst mixture comprising lithium hydride and at least one glycol-soluble monocarboxylic acid salt of cadmium, magnesium and zinc. The invention is exemplified in the reaction of ethylene glycol with dimethyl terephthalate which polymerizes to polyethylene terephthalate. Mixtures of esters, e.g. incorporating dimethyl sebacate, may be reacted. Polymerization catalysts, e.g. cobaltous acetate and antimony trioxide, may be included in the above catalyst mixture for continuous production of the polymers.ALSO:Monomeric glycol terephthalates are prepared by reacting a glycol of the formula HO(CH2)nOH, where n is an integer of 2 to 10, with a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl ...

CARBONYLATION OF OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS

... 1328850 Carbonylation MOBIL OIL CORP 30 Dec 1970 [20 Feb 1970 17 Aug 1970] 61912/70 Heading C2C Carboxylic acids and esters are prepared by the liquid phase carbonylation of olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbonmonoxide and hydroxylic compounds in the presence of a palladium salt catalyst of formula L m PdX y in which L is an organic phosphine, X is an anion, m an integer of 1-4, and y is 1 or 2, and a tin cocatalyst. The ligand may be triphenyl, tri-ptolyl, tri-p-trifluoromethyl phenyl, tri-p-anisyl and tri-n-butyl phosphines or palladium dichloride-1,2-diphenyl phosphino ethane and the tin cocatalyst may be stannous chloride dihydrate, anhydrous stannous chloride, stannic chloride, stannic chloride pentahydrate, and triphenyl tin chloride. Examples describe the treatment of propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 2- pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, cis-2-hexene, and 1-octadecene with various catalysts to yield the corresponding esters.

Improvements in transesterification catalysts

Transesterification reactions are catalysed by a phenol represented by either of the formul and where R1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; R2 and R3 each are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; and R4 is alkylene, cycloalkylene or arylene. The proportion of catalyst generally ranges from about 0.1 to about 5 per cent based on the weight of the carboxylic acid used to prepare the ester. Phenols specified include: 2,21-methylene - bis - (4 - methyl - 6 - t - butylphenol); 2,21 - methylene - bis - (4 - ethyl - 6 - t - butyl - phenol); 2,4 - dinonylphenol; 2,6 - dinonyl-phenol; 2,4,6 - trinonylphenol; 2,6 - di - t - butyl 4 - cresol; 2,4 - didodecylphenol; bis-(2-hydroxy - 3 - t - butyl - 5 - methylbenzyl) durene; 2,6 - dicyclohexyl - 4 - cresol; 2 - cyclohexylphenol; 2,21 - methylene - bis - (6 - cyclopentylphenol); 2,21 - methylene - bis - (4 - methyl-6-cyclopentylphenol); 2 - phenylphenol; 2,6-diphenyl - 4 - cresol; 2,21 - propylene - bis - (4 ...

A method of processing waste of polyethylene terephthalate by hydrolysis

Polyethylene terephthalate waste is hydrolysed by heating with an alkali metal hydroxide solution, and the alkali metal terephthalate, which is salted out from the solution, is filtered off, washed and subjected to further treatment. The reaction is preferably carried out by heating at about 100 DEG C. for about 2 hours using an 18% solution of sodium hydroxide in a weight ratio to the polyester of 20 : 1 to obtain a maximum salting-out effect. The precipitated salt is filtered from the solution and additional sodium hydroxide added to the filtrate which may be used for further hydrolyses. Ethylene glycol, which remains in the filtrate, may be distilled out when its concentration has been increased by repeated use of the filtrate. The solvent used may be water, an alcohol or an aqueous alcohol, e.g. 50%. In a modification of the process the reaction is carried out in methanol under pressure in a single stage in the presence of 0.7% to 2% alkali metal hydroxide referred to the polyester, ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A DIOL

Improvements in or relating to the production of monoesters

Monoglycerides of alkyl carboxylic acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and free from hydroxy groups in the alkyl chain are produced by alcoholysis of the corresponding triglyceride with glycerol (in excess sufficient to form at least some monoglyceride) in the presence of an alcoholysis catalyst and in a solvent which is an alkyl or cycloalkyl secondary alcohol (other than glycerol) or an alcohol containing both a secondary and a tertiary alcoholic group or a mixture of such alcohols. Specified alcohol solvents are isopropanol, sec-butanol, cyclohexanol, and the hexylene glycol C2H5.CH(OH).C(OH)(CH3)2. Suitable alcoholysis catalysts are alkali metal alcoholates, oxides or hydroxides or anionic exchange resins.

A biodiesel manufacturing system and apparatus

Improved process for the preparation of fatty acidmethyl ester (biodiesel) from triglyceride oil th rough transesterification

Improved process for the preparation of fatty acidmethyl ester (biodiesel) from triglyceride oil th rough transesterification.

Improved process for the preparation of fatty acidmethyl ester (biodiesel) from triglyceride oil th rough transesterification

A biodiesel manufacturing system and apparatus

A biodiesel manufacturing system and apparatus

New esters of halogenous benzylic alcohol acids cyclopropanecarboxylic, their method of preparation and application like insecticides and acaricides.

Procees.

Method of preparation of 3-exométhylènecépham-sulfoxides.

Process for production of fatty alcohols.

Process of obtaining DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE starting from polyester scrap.

Improved process for the preparation of fatty acidmethyl ester (biodiesel) from triglyceride oil th rough transesterification

AROUND AND VERESTERUNG OF FAT UREN AND TRIGLYCERIDEN BY DISPERSING AND DISPERSION PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID METHYL STAR

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ESTER BY TRANSESTERIFICATION WITH CELEBRATIONS A SOUR CATALYST

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON FETTSÄUREALKYLESTERN

INSEKTIZIDES UND AKARIZIDES MITTEL

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON CARBONSAUREESTERN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON FETTSÄUREESTERN NIEDERER ALKOHOLE

PROCEDURE FOR THE SEPARATION AND RECUPERATION OF DIMETHYLTEREPHTHALAT AND ETHYL GLYCOL FROM POLYESTER WASTES

PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSESTERIFICATION OF ESTERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID ALKYL STAR

ALKYLATED ONE, ALKOXYLIERTE ESTERS AND THESE CONTAINING MIXTURES

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYBUTYLENTEREPHTHALATEN

VERFAHREN ZUR REINIGUNG VON ROHEN PFLANZENÖLESTERN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBONIC ACID ALKYL STAR

PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSESTERIFICATION OF ALPHA KETOCARBONSÄUREESTERN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYBUTYLENTEREPHTHALATEN

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF 3-EXOMETHYL ENCEPHAMSULFOXIDESTERN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID ESTERS OF LOW ALCOHOLS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BUTANDIOLEN

DEVICE FOR MAKING BOTTLES U.DGL. OF THERMOPLASTIC PLASTIC

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLOPROPANCARBOXYLATEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF ALKYL (METH) ACRYLATES

CATALYTIC DEPOLYMERISATION OF ELEKTROPHILE CONNECTIONS ABSTENTIONS POLYMERS OF MEANS NUKLEOPHILEN REAGENTS

PROCEDURE FOR THE CLEANING OF RAW VEGETABLE OIL STAR

NEW MONOMER COMPONENTS FROM HYDROXYFETTSÄUREN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTICS.

DERIVATIVES OF TO (PHENYL) ETHANE

PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING HEMIKETALEN AND HEMITHIOKETALEN.

PROCEDURE FOR THE FEEDBACK OF BY-PRODUCTS WITH THE PRODUCTION OF LOW ALKYL STAR OF THE 3,3 - DIMETHYL-4-PENTENSAEURE.

Method for stereospecifically recycling a pla polymer mixture

The present invention relates to a method for the stereospecific chemical recycling of a mixture of polymers based on polylactic acid PLA, in order to reform the monomer thereof or one of the derivatives thereof. The latter may enter the traditional lactate market or once again serve as a raw material for synthesising PLA.

Zinc cluster

Disclosed is a novel zinc cluster compound represented by general formula (1): Zn 4 O (OCOR) 6 (RCOOH) n , wherein R represents an alkyl group which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and may be substituted with a halogen atom, and n represents 0.1 to 1, and also disclosed are a method for producing the compound and a reaction using the compound.

Process for Producing Ester of Carboxylic Acid from Cellulosic Biomass

The invention discloses a technology for producing ester of carboxylic acid using cellulosic biomass as starting material. This technology comprises the following key steps: converting all of the organic polymers, including such high molecular-weight polymers as carbohydrate components and lignin, in cellulosic biomass into water soluble, small molecular organics completely in relatively short time under relatively mild conditions; separating the resultant water soluble compounds containing aromatic rings by adjusting the acidity/basicity of the reaction solution or by using adsorption resin; and converting the water soluble compounds containing aromatic rings into ester of carboxylic acid by hydrogenation and esterification in a corresponding alcohol solution.

Processes for making high purity renewable source-based plasticizers and products made therefrom

Presently disclosed are high purity unsaturated fatty acid esters with an ester moiety characterized by having from five to seven members in a ring structure, which esters when epoxidized find particular utility as primary plasticizers in flexible polyvinyl halide applications. Also disclosed are processes for making the high purity esters.

Continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel

A continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel with a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight in the transesterification step, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a triglyceride source at a triglyceride concentration above 99.0% by weight; b) subjecting triglycerides to a transesterification reaction with methanol, ethanol, or the mixtures thereof, at a molar ratio of triglycerides:alcohol 1:3-3.5, in the presence of 0.7 to 1.0% by weight of sodium or potassium hydroxide as catalyst, under ultrasonic cavitation conditions in an ultrasonic cavitation reactor with 2 to 8 serial cavitation cells, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C., at a pressure of 1.5 to 2 MPa (15-20 atm) and during a period of time of 15 to 30 seconds; c) recovering the product of step b) and subjecting it to mechanical agitation operation, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C. for a maximum of 10 minutes, up to the completion of the transesterification reaction, thus obtaining a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight; d) decanting and/or centrifuging the product resulting from step c) to remove glycerin; e) purifying biodiesel obtained in step d) by exchange resins; and f) removing by distillation methanol and water from the product of step e) and recovering the biodiesel fuel thus obtained.

Process For Obtaining Fatty Acid Lower Alkyl Esters From Unrefined Fats And Oils

Described is a process for obtaining fatty acid C 1 -C 4 alkyl esters from unrefined fats and oils, wherein: (a) unrefined fats or oils having an acid value of from 1 to 20 are treated with hot steam in a counter-current column to provide a first fraction of free fatty acids and low boiling impurities and a second fraction of de-acidified and de-watered fats or oils; (b) said first fraction is subjected to esterification with lower C 1 -C 4 alcohols to provide a third fraction of fatty acid C 1 -C 4 alkyl esters; (c) said second and said third fraction are combined and subjected to a low pressure transesterification to provide an intermediate fraction of fatty acid C 1 -C 4 alkyl esters, C 1 -C 4 alcohols and glycerol; and (d) said intermediate is subjected to a separation process to remove C 1 -C 4 alcohols and the glycerol to provide a second fraction of C 1 -C 4 alkyl esters.

TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS USING MIXED SALT ACETYLACETONATES CATALYSTS

This invention is directed to a general catalyst of high activity and selectivity for the production of a variety of esters, particularly acrylate and methacrylate-based esters, by a transesterification reaction. This objective is achieved by reaction of an ester of a carboxylic or a carbonic acid, in particular of a saturated or unsaturated, typically, a 3 to 4 carbon atom carboxylic acid; with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst comprising the combination of a metal 1,3-dicarbonyl complex (pref. Zn or Fe acetylacetonate) and a salt, in particular an inorganic salt, pref. ZnCl2, LiCI, NaCI, NH4CI or Lil. These catalysts are prepared from readily available starting materials within the reaction medium without the need for isolation (in-situ preparation). 1. A process for the transesterification of an ester of a carboxylic or a carbonic acid , comprising reacting the ester of the carboxylic or carbonic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a mixture of a Zn or Fe 1 ,3-dicarbonyl complex and an inorganic salt.4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein R″ is alkyl; substituted alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkoxyalkyl; alkylpolyalkoxyalkyl; alkylphenoxyalkyl; alkylpolyphenoxyalkyl; phenylalkyl; alkylphenylalkyl; alkylmorpholinoalkyl; alkylpiperidinoalkyl; haloalkyl; cyanoalkyl; alkylthioalkyl; alkylimidazolidinones; mono- or di-alkyl-aminoalkyl; alkyl oxazolidines; hydroxy alkyl claim 2 , hydroxybutyl; and alkyls derived from ethylene glycol claim 2 , butanediol claim 2 , and polyoxyethyleneols.5. The process according to wherein the alcohol (R″OH) is selected from the group consisting of butanol claim 1 , pentanol claim 1 , isodecyl claim 1 , lauryl claim 1 , cetyl claim 1 , stearyl claim 1 , alkyl ether of polyoxyethylene claim 1 , dimethylaminoethanol claim 1 , 2-N-oxazolidinyl)ethyl claim 1 , 2-(N-morpholino)ethyl claim 1 , and dicyclopentenyloxyethyl.7. (canceled)8. The process of wherein the salt contains an inorganic cation selected from ...

Method for obtaining compositions of biosolvents by esterification and obtained compositions of biosolvents

A method for synthesizing a composition comprising at least one acid ester stemming from the biomass and an organic biosolvent is provided. The method comprises the esterification reaction between at least one acid stemming from the biomass and at least one alcohol, in the presence of an acid catalyst and of the organic biosolvent, the organic biosolvent being selective of the ester or of the esters formed relatively to the acid or to the starting acids and non-miscible with the alcoholic solution of the acid stemming from the biomass.

Chain-selective synthesis of fuel components and chemical feedstocks

A method comprising providing a starting composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated fatty ester, a carboxylate salt of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated triglyceride, or a mixture thereof; self-metathesizing the starting composition or cross-metathesizing the starting composition with at least one short-chain olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form self-/cross-metathesis products comprising: cyclohexadiene; at least one olefin; and one or more acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene; and reacting cyclohexadiene to produce at least one cycloalkane or cycloalkane derivatives. A method for producing cycloalkanes for jet fuel by providing a starting composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of algal and polyunsaturated vegetable oils, subjecting the starting composition to metathesis to produce metathesis product comprising at least one olefin, cyclohexadiene, and at least one acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene, and reacting the at least one olefin and cyclohexadiene to form cycloalkane(s).

Integrated process for producing polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer thereof and ethanol

Ethanol is produced from acetic acid or acetic anhydride or a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride by a hydrogenation reaction. The acetic acid or acetic anhydride or a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride is produced from methyl acetate by a carbonylation reaction. The methyl acetate is produced as a byproduct during the conversion of a vinyl acetate polymer or copolymer to a polymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol. By integrating processes as described herein, a valuable product, i.e. ethanol, is produced from a methyl acetate byproduct.

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING DERIVATIVES OF BETA-HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Preparation of derivatives of β-hydroxycarboxylic acid, including β-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, esters of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and alkoxy derivatives. 1. A method for preparing a β-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester comprising reacting a β-hydroxycarboxylic acid , or salt thereof , with an alcohol in the presence of an esterification catalyst and the absence of solvent other than the alcohol under substantially anhydrous conditions at atmospheric pressure and a temperature less than reflux temperature to produce the ester.2. A method according to comprising preparing the ester at ambient temperature.3. A method according to wherein the β-hydroxycarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxypropionic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxybutanoic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanoic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. A method according to wherein the β-hydroxycarboxylic acid is 3-hydroxypropionic acid.5. A method according to wherein the alcohol contains between 1 and 7 carbon atoms claim 1 , inclusive.6. A method according to wherein the esterification catalyst comprises an acid catalyst.7. A method according to wherein the acid catalyst comprises an acid resin catalyst.8. A process for preparing a β-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester comprising: (a) providing a fermentation broth comprising a p-hydroxycarboxylic acid claim 6 , or salt thereof; (b) forming a solution comprising the β-hydroxycarboxylic acid claim 6 , or salt thereof claim 6 , from the fermentation broth; and (c) reacting the p-hydroxycarboxylic acid claim 6 , or salt thereof claim 6 , with an alcohol in the presence of an esterification catalyst and the absence of solvent other than the alcohol under substantially anhydrous ...

PROCESS TO PRODUCE ALKENOIC ACID ESTERS FROM LACTONES

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkenoic acid esters comprising contacting a lactone with an alcohol and an acidic heterogeneous catalyst, characterised in that the process is carried out in the presence of at least 20 ppm of an acid having a pKa of 5 or less, relative to the amount of the lactone. The presence of at least 20 ppm of an acid having a pKa of 5 or less may stabilise the catalyst during the reaction and may also be used for reactivating an acidic heterogeneous catalyst. The improved yield advantageously allows energy conservation. 1. Process for the preparation of alkenoic acid ester comprising:(a) contacting a lactone with an alcohol and an acidic heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the process is carried out in the presence of at least 20 ppm of an acid having a pKa of 5 or less, relative to the amount of the lactone.2. Process according to wherein the acidic heterogeneous catalyst comprises a zeolite or an amorphous silica-alumina catalyst.3. Process according to wherein the acidic heterogeneous catalyst comprises a beta zeolite.4. Process according to wherein the acid is methanesulphonic acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid.5. Process according to further comprising adding the acid.6. Process according to wherein the process is carried out in the presence of from 0.26% to 10% wt water relative to the amount of the lactone.7. Process according to wherein the alcohol is an alkanol claim 1 , optionally methanol.8. Process according to wherein the lactone comprises 5-methylbutyrolactone.9. Process according to wherein the alcohol is methanol and wherein the lactone is 5-methylbutyrolactone claim 1 , thereby forming pentenoic acid methyl ester.10. Process according to which is a continuous process.11. Process according to which is a repetitive batch process claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises:(b) recovering the acidic heterogeneous catalyst from the alkenoic acid esters in the presence of said acid having a pKa of 5 or less, ...

PRODUCTION METHOD OF INTERMEDIATE COMPOUND FOR SYNTHESIZING MEDICAMENT

The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a compound of formula (2) as the intermediate, which can be effectively used for preparation of a compound of formula (1) exhibiting good inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme. 3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Pis t-butyl group claim 1 , and Pis methyl or ethyl group.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein GO is triflate claim 1 , mesylate claim 1 , tosylate claim 1 , besylate or nonaflate.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R3 and R4 are hydrogen claim 1 , and R5 and R6 are fluorine.6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein in step (a) C-Ctrialkylamine is used as the base.7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein in step (b) acetic acid is used as the acid.8. The method according to claim 2 , wherein in the case of the compound of formula (2a) wherein Pis Boc and Pis t-butyl claim 2 , the hydrolysis of said step (c) is conducted under the basic condition to selectively remove only Pamong the protecting groups Pand Pto provide the compound of formula (2).9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is used as the base.11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein in step (a) the reduction is conducted using NaBH.12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein in step (b) the Gcompound is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid anhydride (TfO) claim 10 , trifluoromethane sulfonyl chloride (TfCl) claim 10 , methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl) claim 10 , toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl) claim 10 , bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride (BsCl) claim 10 , (CF(CF)SO)F and (CF(CF)SO)O.14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein Pis Boc claim 13 , Pis i-propyl group or t-butyl group claim 13 , and GO is triflate or nonaflate.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein Pis Boc claim 16 , and Pis i-propyl or t-butyl.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein in step (a) chloroformate or BocO is used as ...

Method for producing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate

The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, which comprises transesterification of ethylene glycol with an ester of methacrylic acid in the presence of catalysts, wherein a combination comprising lithium amide (LiNH 2 ) and lithium chloride (LiCl) is used as catalyst. The process of the invention makes it possible to prepare ethylene glycol dimethacrylate particularly inexpensively and in a very high purity.

Method for producing lactic acids from carbohydrate-containing raw material

An alternative method for efficiently producing lactic acids from a carbohydrate-containing raw material such as cellulose is provided. The method for producing lactic acid and/or lactic acid ester comprises performing heat treatment on a carbohydrate-containing raw material in a solvent containing a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is at least one type of compound selected from the group consisting of a tin compound, an indium compound, and a rhenium compound, and the solvent contains water and/or alcohol.

Secondary Alcohols and Esters Made Therefrom

The invention relates to secondary alcohols produced by contacting an olefin and a carboxylic acid with a zeolite, esters made therefrom, and to plasticizer compositions comprising the esters. 1. A process comprising reacting an olefin with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a zeolite under predetermined conditions , said zeolite and said conditions suitable to produce a product comprising a mixture of alkyl carboxylate esters , including an α-methylalkyl carboxylate ester and other isomers of said alkyl carboxylate esters , wherein the ratio of said α-methylalkyl carboxylate ester to said other isomers is greater than 1 , followed by converting at least a portion of the mixture of the alkyl carboxylate esters to a high C—OH content secondary alcohol mixture by a method selected from hydrolysis , hydrogenation , and chemical reduction , with subsequent reaction of the secondary alcohol mixture with dicarboxylic acids or tricarboxylic acids or their anhydrides to produce plasticizing esters.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carboxylic acid is selected from C-Ccarboxylic acids.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said carboxylic acid includes acetic acid.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said olefin is selected from C-Calpha olefins or C-Colefin mixtures containing greater than 50% linear alpha olefins.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said zeolite is selected from at least one of ZSM-12 and ZSM-5.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein said zeolite is ZSM-12.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ratio is greater than 3.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ratio is greater than 15.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein said dicarboxylic acid or tricarboxylic acid is selected from adipic acid claim 1 , phthalic acid claim 1 , phthalic anhydride claim 1 , terephthalic acid claim 1 , dimethyl terephthalic acid claim 1 , trimellitic acid claim 1 , trimellitic anhydride claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , hexahydrophthalic acid claim 1 , hexahydrophthalic anhydride ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHYL ACETATE/ACETIC ACID

A process for the production of methyl acetate and/or acetic acid by contacting a carbon monoxide-containing gas and methanol and/or reactive derivatives thereof with a mordenite loaded with copper and silver loaded by ion-exchange and subsequently regenerating the catalyst. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for the production of at least one of methyl acetate and acetic acid which process comprises contacting in a reactor a carbon monoxide-containing gas and a carbonylatable reactant selected from at least one of methanol and reactive derivatives thereof with a catalyst which comprises a mordenite loaded with copper and silver , the loading of the copper and silver being carried out by ion-exchange of part or all of the cation-exchangeable sites of the mordenite with copper and silver ions , to produce at least one of methyl acetate and acetic acid and subsequently regenerating the catalyst.17. A process according to wherein the loading of copper and silver is carried out onto a mordenite which is in the ammonium form or in the proton form.18. A process according to wherein the loading of copper and silver onto mordenite is carried out by sequential ion-exchange.19. A process according to wherein the mordenite is loaded with copper in an amount in the range 5 to 30 mol % relative to aluminium and silver in an amount in the range 5 to 50 mol % relative to aluminium.20. A process according to wherein the loading of copper and silver onto mordenite is carried out in accordance with the steps:(1) contacting the mordenite with at least one aqueous solution of a metal salt selected from copper and/or silver salts until the mordenite is at or above its level of incipient wetness(2) filtering the contacted mordenite to obtain a solid copper and/or silver loaded mordenite(3) washing the copper and/or silver loaded mordenite with a solvent(4) drying the washed copper and/or silver loaded mordenite(5) where necessary, steps (1) to (5) are repeated so as to obtain a mordenite ...

Process For The Preparation Of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (Biodiesel) From Triglyceride Oils Using Eco-Friendly Solid Base Catalysts

This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of green fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; commonly called as biodiesel) from different triglyceride oils using mixed metal oxides derived from layered double hydroxides (referred here as LDHs) as reusable solid heterogeneous base catalysts. This process uses very low alcohohoil molar ratio and catalyst and/or products are easily separable after the reaction through simple physical processes. The properties of thus obtained biodiesel meet the standard biodiesel values and can directly be used as transport fuel. 1. An improved process for the preparation of fatty acid alkyl-esters (FAAE) from triglyceride oils using solid base catalysts , the process comprising the steps of:i) mixing alcohol and triglyceride oil in a molar ratio of alcohol:oil in the range of 1.5:1 to 30:1;ii. adding the catalyst to alcohol-oil mixture as obtained in step (i) in the range of 1 to 12 wt % with respect to the triglyceride oil taken;iii. heating the alcohol-oil mixture as obtained in step (ii) in an oil bath having temperature in the range of 30 to 100° C. for a period in the range of 1 to 24 h to form reaction mixture;iv. filtering the reaction mixture as obtained in step (iii) to separate the catalyst from the reaction products;v. separating glycerol from the filtrate as obtained in step (iv) to obtain fatty acid alkyl esters.2Helianthus annuusArachis hypogaeaBrassica junceaElaeis guineensisSesamum indicumOryza sativaGossypium arboretumZea maysGlycine maxRicinus communisAzadirachta indicaJatropha curcusQuassia indicaHydnocarpus wightianaPongamia pinnataCalophyllum inophyllum. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the triglyceride oil used in step (i) is selected from the group consisting of sunflower () oil claim 1 , groundnut () oil claim 1 , mustard () oil claim 1 , palmolein () oil claim 1 , gingelly (sesame/til; ) oil claim 1 , ricebran () oil claim 1 , cottonseed () oil claim 1 , corn () oil claim 1 , soyabean ...

Production of Biodiesel and Glycerin from High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks

A system and method for the conversion of free fatty acids to glycerides and the subsequent conversion of glycerides to glycerin and biodiesel includes the transesterification of a glyceride stream with an alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the glycerin to produce a first liquid phase containing a fatty acid alkyl ester rich (concentrated) stream and a second liquid phase containing a glycerin rich (concentrated) stream. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then subjected to distillation, preferably reactive distillation, wherein the stream undergoes both physical separation and chemical reaction. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then purified to produce a purified biodiesel product and a glyceride rich residue stream. The glycerin rich second liquid phase stream may further be purified to produce a purified glycerin product and a (second) wet alcohol stream. Neutralization of the alkaline stream, formed during the alkali-catalyzed transesterfication process, may proceed by the addition of a mineral or an organic acid. 1. A process for increasing fatty acid alkyl ester yield from a feedstock containing free fatty acids , said process comprising:a. reacting said feedstock in a glycerolysis reactor with glycerin to produce glycerides and water, wherein the glycerolysis reaction is conducted at a temperature and a pressure capable of turning the water into water vapor;b. removing the water vapor from the glycerolysis reactor; andc. reacting said glycerides in a transesterification reactor with an alcohol to produce fatty acid alkyl esters.2. A process for increasing fatty acid alkyl ester yield from a feedstock containing free fatty acids , said process comprising:a. reacting said feedstock in a glycerolysis reactor with glycerin to produce glycerides and water;b. removing a vapor stream from the glycerolysis reactor;c. separating the vapor stream into a first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the second fraction has a high ...

OXIDATION OF ALKANES TO ALCOHOLS

The invention provides processes and materials for the efficient and cost-effective functionalization of alkanes, such as methane from natural gas, to provide esters, alcohols, and other compounds. The method can be used to produce liquid fuels such as methanol from a natural gas methane-containing feedstock. The soft oxidizing electrophile, a compound of a main group, post-transitional element such as Tl, Pb, Bi, and I, that reacts to activate the alkane C—H bond can be regenerated using inexpensive regenerants such as hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, halogens, nitric acid, etc. Main group compounds useful for carrying out this reaction includes haloacetate salts of metals having a pair of available oxidation states, such as Tl, Pb, Bi, and I. The inventors herein believe that a unifying feature of many of the MXn electrophiles useful in carrying out this reaction, such as Tl, Pb, and Bi species, is their isoelectronic configuration in the alkane-reactive oxidation state; the electrons having the configuration [Xe]4f145d10, with an empty 6s orbital. However, the iodine reagents have a different electronic configuration. 1. A process for oxidizing an alkane to an alkane oxygenate , comprisingcontacting the alkane and (i) a soft oxidizing electrophile comprising a main group element in oxidized form, or (ii) an oxidant and a reduced form of the soft oxidizing electrophile, in an acidic medium comprising an oxygen acid, to provide the alkane oxygenate and an electrophile reduction product; and optionally separating the alkane oxygenate and the electrophile reduction product.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the electrophile reduction product and an oxidizing regeneration reagent to regenerate the soft oxidizing electrophile.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the soft oxidizing electrophile comprises the element thallium claim 1 , lead claim 1 , antimony claim 1 , selenium claim 1 , tellurium claim 1 , or bismuth claim 1 , each in oxidized form.4. ( ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL) TEREPHTHALATE

A process for preparing bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, comprising a step of: subjecting ethylene oxide and terephthalic acid in a molar ratio of from 2:1 to 3:1 to a reaction at an elevated temperature in the presence of a solvent mixture containing water and a C-Chydrocarbon in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 3:1. 1. A process for preparing bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate , comprising a step of:{'sub': 6', '8, 'subjecting ethylene oxide and terephthalic acid in a molar ratio of from 2:1 to 3:1 to a reaction at an elevated temperature in the presence of a solvent mixture containing water and a C-Chydrocarbon in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 3:1.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio is from 2.7:1 to 3:1.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent mixture is in an amount from 3 to 10 mole based on 1 mole of terephthalic acid.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the C-Chydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of hexane claim 1 , heptane claim 1 , octane claim 1 , cyclohexane claim 1 , benzene claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , xylene claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the C-Chydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane claim 4 , toluene claim 4 , and a combination thereof.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of a base.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate claim 6 , potassium carbonate claim 6 , sodium hydroxide claim 6 , potassium hydroxide claim 6 , amine claim 6 , an organic ammonium salt claim 6 , an inorganic ammonium salt claim 6 , and combinations thereof.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the subjecting step is implemented by combining terephthalic acid with the solvent mixture to form a combination and adding ethylene oxide to the combination slowly at the elevated temperature.9. The process according to ...

RECLAMATION OF NOBLE PRODUCTS IN A METHOD FOR PRODUCING (METH)ACRYLIC ESTER

The invention relates to a method for producing a (meth)acrylic ester with improved productivity, by transesterfication of a light alkyl (meth)acrylate with a heavy alcohol. The method of the invention includes the recycling of noble products recovered after the thermal treatment of heavy fractions generated during the synthesis, said thermal treatment being carried out in the presence of a dialkyl phthalate, the alkyl chain of which corresponds to that of the light alkyl (meth)acrylate. The invention applies to the production of N,N-dimethyaminoethyl acrylate from ethyl acrylate. 1. A process for recovering unreacted reagents and (meth)acrylic ester products from a heavy (meth)acrylic fraction generated during production of a (meth)acrylic ester by transesterification reaction of a light C-Calkyl (meth)acrylate with a heavy alcohol in the presence of a catalyst , the heavy fraction comprising at least unreacted reagents and (meth)acrylic ester products and Michael adducts resulting from addition reactions on the (meth)acrylic double bonds and also the catalyst , said process comprising heat treating said heavy fraction at a temperature sufficient to crack the Michael adducts into their constituent components , recovering unreacted reagents and (meth)acrylic ester products in the form of a distillate , and eliminating fluid final residue by means of a pump , wherein the heat treatment is carried out in the presence of at least one dialkyl phthalate , the alkyl chain of which corresponds to that of the light alkyl (meth)acrylate.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the light alkyl (meth)acrylate is methyl acrylate and the dialkyl phthalate is dimethyl phthalate.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the light alkyl (meth)acrylate is ethyl acrylate and the dialkyl phthalate is diethyl phthalate.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the light alkyl (meth)acrylate is butyl acrylate and the dialkyl phthalate is dibutyl phthalate.5. The process ...

Menaquinol Compositions and Methods of Treatment

The present application discloses methods for the efficient preparation of high purity compounds of the Formula I, and their methods of use. 146.-. (canceled)48. The method of claim 47 , wherein the method comprises administering the menaquinol compound of the Formula I claim 47 , wherein:m is 7, 8, 9 or 10;{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 15;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 16;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 17;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 18;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 20;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 21;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 22;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 23;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 24;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 25;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 26;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 27; and'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 28.'}54. The method of claim 47 , wherein the mammal has distal calciphylaxis and/or central calciphylaxis.55. The method of claim 47 , wherein the mammal has diabetes claim 47 , chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease.57. The method of claim 56 , wherein the method comprises administering the menaquinol compound of the Formula I claim 56 , wherein:m is 7, 8, 9 or 10;{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 15;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 16;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 17;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 18;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 20;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 21;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 22;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 23;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 24;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 25;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 26;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 27; and'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 28.'}63. The method of claim 56 , ...

COMPOSITION CONTAINING EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ALKYL ESTER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Provided are: a composition containing 96-99 area % of eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester, the composition having an arachidonic acid alkyl ester content of 0.7 area % or less, and an eicosapentaenoic-acid-alkyl-ester mono-trans isomer content of 2.5 area % or less; and a method for producing a composition containing a high concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester, the method including performing precision distillation on a composition containing eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester, obtained by alkyl esterification of a raw material oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid, under a vacuum of 0.2 Torr or lower and a temperature of 190° C. or lower in the entire column, and performing a concentration treatment on the precision-distilled composition using chromatography. 1. An eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester-containing composition which , upon measurement by gas chromatography , comprises 96 to 99 area % of an eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester , wherein the composition satisfies at least one of the following (i)-(iii):(i) the content of a n-nonadecanoic acid (C19:0) alkyl ester is 0.1 area % or less,(ii) the content of an arachidic acid (C20:0) alkyl ester is 0.2 area % or less, and(iii) the content of an icosa-5,9,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3(5,9,11,14,17)) alkyl ester is 0.2 area % or less.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of mono-trans forms of the eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester is 2.5 area % or less.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sum of the contents of mono-trans forms and di-trans forms of the eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester is 2.5 area % or less.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sum of the contents of mono-trans forms claim 1 , di-trans forms and tri-trans forms of the eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester is 2.5 area % or less.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sum of the contents of mono-trans forms claim 1 , di-trans forms claim 1 , tri-trans forms and tetra-trans forms of the eicosapentaenoic acid ...

Solid Acid Catalyst, Method of Manufacturing the Same and Method of Manufacturing Fatty Acid Alkyl Ester Using the Same

The purpose of the present invention is to solve various problems with fatty acid alkyl ester methods using conventional homogenous-phase catalysts, and to provide a solid acid catalyst for fatty acid alkyl ester manufacturing that can be used to manufacture high-quality fatty acid alkyl esters and high-purity glycerin from various oils at low cost and with high yield. The present invention is a solid acid catalyst produced by supporting an oxide (B) of a metal element of at least one type selected from group VIb on the periodic table as the primary active constituent, an oxide or a sulfide (C) of a metal element of at least one type selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), and tin (Sn) as a promoter, and an oxide (D) of a non-metal element of at least one type selected from the group consisting of boron (B) and silicon (Si) as a catalyst stabilizer, on an inorganic porous carrier (A) such as silica, alumina, titania, magnesia, and zirconia, and applying heat treatment at 400-750° C. 1. A solid acid catalyst for manufacturing a fatty acid alkyl ester produced by supporting , on at least one inorganic porous carrier (A) selected from the group consisting of silica , alumina , titania , magnesia and zirconia: an oxide (B) of at least one metallic element selected from the VIb group of the periodic table; an oxide or sulfate (C) of at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn) , iron (Fe) , cobalt (Co) , nickel (Ni) , copper (Cu) , zinc (Zn) , gallium (Ga) and tin (Sn); and an oxide (D) of at least one nonmetallic element selected from boron (B) and silicon (Si).2. The solid acid catalyst for manufacturing a fatty acid alkyl ester recited in claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , with respect to the inorganic porous carrier (A) claim 1 , the amounts of the metal oxide (B) claim 1 , the metal oxide or sulfate (C) and the nonmetal oxide (D) ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ESTER COMPOUND

A manufacturing method of an ester compound includes reacting, in a nonpolar solvent, a compound including, in one molecule of the compound, an ester structure and an alcoholic hydroxyl group with a compound that abstracts a proton from the alcoholic hydroxyl group. 1. A manufacturing method of an ester compound , comprising:reacting, in a nonpolar solvent, a compound including, in one molecule of the compound, an ester structure and an alcoholic hydroxyl group with a compound that abstracts a proton from the alcoholic hydroxyl group.2. The manufacturing method of the ester compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound including claim 1 , in one molecule of the compound claim 1 , the ester structure and the alcoholic hydroxyl group is expressed by a general formula 1-1 or a general formula 1-2 claim 1 ,{'br': None, 'C(OH)r(R2)q[X—O—C(═O)—R1]p<\u2003\u2003General formula 1-1>'}{'br': None, 'C(OH)r(R2)q[X—C(═O)—O—R1]p<\u2003\u2003General formula 1-2>'}wherein, with respect to the general formulas 1-1 and 1-2, X represents a straight chain or a branched chain alkylene group, R1 represents an alkyl group, a vinyl group that may be replaced with an alkyl group, or an allyl group that may be replaced with an alkyl group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, p represents an integer of 1 to 3, q represents an integer of 0 to 2, r represents an integer of 1 to 3, and p+q+r=4.3. The manufacturing method of the ester compound of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic hydroxyl group is a secondary alcohol.4. The manufacturing method of the ester compound of claim 1 , wherein the ester structure is an acrylic acid ester or a methacrylic acid ester.6. The manufacturing method of the ester compound of claim 1 , wherein the nonpolar solvent is a hydrocarbon based solvent.7. The manufacturing method of the ester compound of claim 6 , wherein the hydrocarbon based solvent is hexane.8. The manufacturing method of the ester compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound that abstracts ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING 2-PROPYLHEPTYL ACRYLATE BY TRANSESTERIFICATION

The invention relates to the industrial production of highly pure 2-propylheptyl acrylate with a high yield according to a process by transesterification, preferably in semi-continuous mode. The process according to the invention uses ethyl titanate in solution in 2-propylheptanol or 2-propylheptyl titanate as tranesterification catalyst, and implements a purification sequence comprising a single distillation column and a film evaporator. 1. A process for the production of 2 propylheptyl acrylate by a transesterification reaction between light alkyl acrylate and 2 propylheptanol in the presence of alkyl titanate catalyst and at least one polymerization inhibitor , an azeotropic mixture comprising light alkyl acrylate and light alcohol generated by the transesterification reaction being continuously withdrawn during the reaction and the reaction mixture being subjected to purification to obtain a 2 propylheptyl acrylate of high purity , wherein the process comprises the following steps:the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of ethyl titanate in solution in 2-propylheptanol and 2 propylheptyl titanate; at top, a stream comprising unreacted light alkyl acrylate with traces of 2 propylheptanol, and', 'at bottom, a stream comprising 2 propylheptyl acrylate, with catalyst, polymerization inhibitor(s) and heavy reaction byproducts, and traces of light compounds; then, 'sending to a distillation column (C1) under reduced pressure, a crude reaction mixture comprising 2 propylheptyl acrylate with, as light products, unreacted light alkyl acrylate and traces of 2 propylheptanol and, as heavy products, catalyst, polymerization inhibitor(s) and heavy reaction byproducts, and carrying out a distillation in said column (C1), to obtain at top, purified 2-propylheptyl acrylate; and', 'at bottom, catalyst, polymerization inhibitor(s) and heavy reaction byproducts., 'sending the bottom stream from the distillation column (C1) to a film evaporator (E) under reduced pressure ...

COMPOUND, AND SEPARATION METHOD, SYNTHESIS METHOD AND USE THEREOF

The invention relates to new compounds as well as a separation method, a synthetic method and use thereof. It is demonstrated by an assay on activity that the compound has an activity of inhibiting an HMG-CoA reductase. In addition, the invention also relates to a derivative of the compound. 2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,{'sub': 1', '1', '3', '1', '3', '2', '1-3', '3', '6', '3', '6', '1', '3', '1', '3', '1', '3', '1', '3, 'Ris selected from H, C-Calkyl, halo C-Calkyl, (CH)OH, C-Ccycloalkyl, halo C-Ccycloalkyl, C-Calkoxy, halo C-Calkoxy, C-Calkylthio, halo C-Calkylthio, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano.'}3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,{'sub': 1', '1', '3', '1', '3', '2', '1-3, 'Ris selected from H, C-Calkyl, halo C-Calkyl, (CH)OH, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano.'}4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 1', '1', '3', '2', '1-3, 'Ris selected from H, C-Calkyl, and (CH)OH.'}5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 2', '1', '3', '1', '3', '2', '1-3', '6', '3', '6', '3', '6', '1', '3', '1', '3', '1', '3', '1', '3, 'Ris selected from H, C-Calkyl, halo C-Calkyl, (CH)OR, C-Ccycloalkyl, halo C-Ccycloalkyl, C-Calkoxy, halo C-Calkoxy, C-Calkylthio, halo C-Calkylthio, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano;'}{'sub': 6', '7', '2', '8', '9', '10', '11, 'wherein, Ris selected from H, —COR, —SOR, and —SiRRR;'}{'sub': 7', '1', '6', '1', '6', '8', '1', '6', '1', '6', '6', '10', '6', '10', '9', '10', '11', '1', '6, 'wherein, Ris selected from C-Calkyl, and halo C-Calkyl; Ris selected from C-Calkyl, optionally substituted C-Calkyl, C-Caryl, and optionally substituted C-Caryl; R, Rand Rare independently selected from C-Calkyl.'}6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 2', '1', '3', '1', '3', '2', '1-3', '6', '3', '6', '3', '6', '1', '3', '1', '3', '1', '3', '1', '3, 'Ris selected from H, C-Calkyl, halo C-Calkyl, (CH)OR, C-Ccycloalkyl, halo C-Ccycloalkyl, C-Calkoxy, halo C-Calkoxy, C-Calkylthio, halo C- ...

A process for preparation of amides and esters of 2-((2-hydroxypropanoyl)oxy)propanoic acid

The present invention describes method of preparation of esters or amides of lactyl lactates of general formula I, where Z denotes to group of R—O or RR′—N and R represent alkyl, aryl or H from lactide and the lactide is in contact with a hydrocarbyl alcohol and a hydrolyzable halide in a non-chlorinated organic solvent, or an amine initiated by a hydrolysable halide or hydrogen halide solution or an ammonium hydrohalide, wherein the hydrocarbyl alcohol or amine is either aliphatic or aromatic and containing 1 to 1000 carbon atoms, preferably 1 up to 150 carbon atoms, and optionally one or more, preferably 1 to 5, —CH— groups may be replaced by —O— groups. 2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the hydrocarbyl alcohol contains 1 to 100 hydroxy groups claim 1 , preferably 1 to 10 hydroxyl groups and is selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 1 , 1-propanol claim 1 , 1-butanol claim 1 , 2-propanol claim 1 , 2-methyl-2-propanol claim 1 , 2-ethyl-1-hexanol claim 1 , phenol claim 1 , cyclohexanol claim 1 , trimethylolpropane oxetane claim 1 , trimethylolpropane diallyl ether.3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the hydrocarbyl alcohol contains 1 to 100 hydroxy groups claim 1 , preferably 1 to 10 hydroxy groups and is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 1 ,4-butanediol claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,5-pentanediol claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-hexanediol claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,10-decanediol claim 1 , 1-octadecanol claim 1 , oleyl alcohol claim 1 , 1-hexadecanol claim 1 , carbohydrates and polysaccharides claim 1 , poly(vinyl-alcohols) claim 1 , polyethylene glycols claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , fatty alcohols claim 1 , etc.4. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the amine is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic primary and secondary amines claim 1 , anilines and polyamines containing 1 to 500 amino groups claim 1 , preferably 1 to 10 amino groups.5. The process according to claim 1 , characterized ...

Process for producing 1,3-butanediol and for optionally further producing (r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate

A process is described for producing 1,3-butanediol, wherein an ester of poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate such as formed by transesterification with an alcohol is reduced by hydrogenation in the presence of a skeletal copper-based catalyst to provide 1,3-butanediol. The 1,3-butanediol may be transesterified by reaction with additional poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ester to produce (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate.

Zwitterionic catalysts for (trans)esterification: application in fluoroindole-derivatives and biodiesel synthesis

An amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst has a catalyst pocket size that promotes transesterification and dehydrative esterification. The amide/iminium zwitterions are easily prepared by reacting aziridines with aminopyridines. The reaction can be applied a wide variety of esterification processes including the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel. The amide/iminium zwitterions allow the avoidance of strongly basic or acidic condition and avoidance of metal contamination in the products. Reactions are carried out at ambient or only modestly elevated temperatures. The amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst is easily recycled and reactions proceed in high to quantitative yields.

FLEXIBLE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION PLATFORM

Disclosed are integrated systems and methods for the conversion of epoxides to beta lactones and to multiple Cproducts and/or Cproducts. 1. A system for the production of Cand Cproducts , comprising:an epoxide source;a carbon monoxide (CO) source; an inlet configured to receive epoxide from the epoxide source and CO from the CO source,', 'a central reaction zone configured to convert at least some of the epoxide to a beta lactone, and', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the beta lactone,, 'a central reactor, comprising [{'sub': '3', 'claim-text': an inlet configured to receive the outlet stream comprising beta lactone of the central reactor,', {'sub': 3', '3, 'a first Creaction zone configured to convert at least some of the beta lactone to a first Cproduct, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the first Cproduct,'}], '(i) a first Creactor, comprising, {'sub': '3', 'claim-text': an inlet configured to receive the outlet stream comprising beta lactone of the central reactor,', {'sub': 3', '3, 'a second Creaction zone configured to convert at least some of the beta lactone to a second Cproduct, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the second Cproduct, and'}], '(ii) a second Creactor, comprising, {'sub': '4', 'claim-text': an inlet configured to receive the outlet stream comprising beta lactone of the central reactor,', {'sub': 4', '4, 'a first Creaction zone configured to convert at least some of the beta lactone to a first Cproduct, and'}, {'sub': '4', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the first Cproduct, and'}], '(iii) a first Creactor, comprising], 'two or more of (i)-(iii)a controller to independently modulate production of the beta lactone and each of the products,{'sub': 3', '3, 'provided that the first Cproduct differs from the second Cproduct.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the epoxide is ethylene oxide (EO) and the ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF OCTANEDIOIC ACID, PRECURSORS, AND DERIVATIVES

A method for the manufacture of 1,8-octanedioic acid comprises: reacting gamma-valerolactone with an alcohol in the presence of an acid or a base catalyst to provide an alkyl pentenoate, converting the alkyl pentenoate in the presence of a metathesis initiator to provide the dialkyl octenedioate, reacting the dialkyl octenedioate with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to provide a dialkyl 1,8-octanedioate and hydrolyzing the dialkyl 1,8-octanedioate to provide the 1,8-octanedioic acid. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metathesis initiator is a transition metal carbene metathesis initiator claim 1 , a transition metal salt in combination with an alkylating agent claim 1 , and a transition metal complex capable of forming an active metal carbene by reaction with an olefin.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the alkyl pentenoate having the formula (4) to the dialkyl octenedioate having the formula (1) comprises conducting the metathesis at a temperature of about −20° C. to about 600° C. and a pressure of about 0 to about 2000 psig.2132.-. (canceled) This application claims the priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/790,826, filed on Mar. 15, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.This disclosure relates to a method for the manufacture of octanedioic acid, its precursors, and the derivatives of octanedioic acid and its precursors. These compounds can be used directly, or as intermediates to produce other derivatives.A method for the manufacture of a dialkyl octenedioate having the formula (1)wherein R is a Calkyl, preferably a Calkyl, comprises: reacting gamma-valerolactone having the formula (2)with an alcohol having the formula (3) R—OH (3) in the presence of an acid or a base catalyst to provide an alkyl pentenoate having the formula (4)and converting the alkyl pentenoate having the formula (4) in the presence of a metathesis initiator to provide the dialkyl ...

Plant Extract Compositions for Forming Protective Coatings

Described herein are methods of preparing cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof from cutin-containing plant matter. The methods can include heating the cutin-derived plant matter in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure. In some preferred embodiments, the methods can be carried out without the use of additional acidic or basic species. 3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding the cutin to a solvent claim 1 , wherein the decomposing of the cutin is carried out in the solvent.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the solvent is a nucleophilic solvent.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the solvent comprises water claim 3 , glycerol claim 3 , methanol claim 3 , ethanol claim 3 , liquid CO claim 3 , supercritical CO claim 3 , or a combination thereof.11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising adding the cutin to a solvent claim 9 , wherein the depolymerizing of the cutin is carried out in the solvent.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the solvent is a nucleophilic solvent.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the solvent comprises water claim 11 , glycerol claim 11 , methanol claim 11 , ethanol claim 11 , liquid CO claim 11 , supercritical CO claim 11 , or a combination thereof.14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the decomposing of the compounds of Formula I is also carried out in the solvent.15. The method of claim 9 , further comprising modifying the compounds of Formula II claim 9 , esters thereof claim 9 , or compounds of Formula III to form a second group of compounds of Formula I.19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising adding the cutin to a solvent claim 18 , wherein the decomposing of the cutin is carried out in the solvent.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the solvent is a nucleophilic solvent.21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the solvent comprises water claim 19 , glycerol claim 19 , methanol claim 19 , ethanol claim 19 , liquid CO claim 19 , supercritical CO claim 19 , or a combination thereof.25. The ...

Purified Plasticizers, Production and Use

This disclosure relates to methods for producing purified aromatic esters useful as plasticizers, to the purified aromatic esters, and to polymer compositions containing the purified esters. The purified aromatic esters can be produced by esterifying carboxylic acid with methyl or ethyl alcohol, separating the resulting methyl or ethyl esters from the carboxylic acid and any byproduct impurities, and then transesterifying the methyl or ethyl esters with Cto Calcohol to produce the purified aromatic esters. Additionally, precipitation, filtration, and wash steps can be employed to purify the carboxylic acid, the methyl or ethyl alcohol, and/or the aromatic esters. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purified aromatic ester product comprises ≥99.0 wt % aromatic ester based on the weight of the purified aromatic ester product3. The method of claim 1 , wherein R1 is a methyl group and R2 is hydrogen.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the first mixture to form a precipitate claim 1 , filtering and washing the precipitate with water and/or a solvent to remove at least a portion of byproduct impurities prior to esterifying the carboxylic acid with methyl or ethyl alcohol in step iii).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acids in step iii) are esterified with methyl alcohol.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separation performed in step iv) is by distillation claim 1 , packed column claim 1 , and/or vacuum distillation.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purified aromatic ester product primarily comprises methyl biphenyl carboxylic acid esters of Cto Calcohols.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purified aromatic ester product primarily comprises methyl biphenyl carboxylic acid esters of Cto COXO-alcohols.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the purified aromatic ester product comprises ≥99.0 wt % methylbiphenyl carboxylic acid esters of Cto Calcohol based on the weight of the purified aromatic ester product.11. The method of ...

COMPOSITION CONTAINING EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ALKYL ESTER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Provided are: a composition containing 96-99 area % of eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester, the composition having an arachidonic acid alkyl ester content of 0.7 area % or less, and an eicosapentaenoic-acid-alkyl-ester mono-trans isomer content of 2.5 area % or less; and a method for producing a composition containing a high concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester, the method including performing precision distillation on a composition containing eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester, obtained by alkyl esterification of a raw material oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid, under a vacuum of 0.2 Torr or lower and a temperature of 190° C. or lower in the entire column, and performing a concentration treatment on the precision-distilled composition using chromatography. 2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of an arachidonic acid alkyl ester is 0.7 area % or less.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of the arachidonic acid alkyl ester is 0.1 area % or less.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of an eicosatetraenoic acid alkyl ester is 0.7 area % or less.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of an octadecatetraenoic acid alkyl ester is 0.4 area % or less.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of a nonadecapentaenoic acid alkyl ester is 0.2 area % or less.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the eicosapentaenoic acid alkyl ester is ethyl eicosapentaenoate or methyl eicosapentaenoate.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of a n-nonadecanoic acid (C19:0) alkyl ester is 0.1 area % or less.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of an arachidic acid (C20:0) alkyl ester is 0.2 area % or less.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of alkyl esters of saturated fatty acids is 0.5 area % or less.11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of an icosa-5 claim 1 ,9 claim 1 ,11 claim 1 ,14 claim 1 ,17-pentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3(5 claim 1 ,9 claim 1 ,11 claim ...

Inhibitor Combination for Lithium Salt-Catalyzed Transesterification Process and Method for Removing Lithium Salt

A process to form a composition comprising an asymmetrical polyene, the asymmetrical polyene comprising an “α,β unsaturated-carbonyl end” and a “C—C double bond end,” the process comprising: reacting an alkene- or polyene-containing alcohol with an alkyl ester of an α,β unsaturated carboxylic acid in the presence of at least the following components A) through C) to form a solution comprising an asymmetrical polyene: 2. The composition of comprising from 25 ppm to less than 100 ppm claim 1 , based on the weight of the composition claim 1 , of the inhibitor selected from the group consisting of 4-HT and derivatives thereof.3. The composition of comprising from 50 ppm to less than 2000 ppm claim 1 , based on the weight of the composition claim 1 , of MeHQ.4. The composition of further comprising less than 10 wt % unreacted alkene- or polyene-containing alcohol claim 1 , based on the total weight of the composition.5. The composition of comprising from 2 wt % to less than 10 wt % unreacted alkene- or polyene-containing alcohol claim 4 , based on the total weight of the composition claim 4 , wherein the unreacted alkene- or polyene-containing alcohol is polypropylene glycol allyl ether.6. The composition of further comprising less than 10 wt % of Michael adducts claim 1 , based on the total weight of the composition.7. The composition of further comprising a lithium salt.8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the lithium salt has the structure LiX claim 7 , wherein n is 1 or 2; and X is selected from the group consisting of hydroxide claim 7 , oxide claim 7 , halide claim 7 , carbonate claim 7 , bicarbonate claim 7 , alkoxide claim 7 , alkonate claim 7 , alkenoate claim 7 , phenoxide claim 7 , sulfate claim 7 , bisulfate claim 7 , sulfonate claim 7 , phosphate claim 7 , phosphonate claim 7 , perchlorate claim 7 , and nitrate.9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the lithium salt has the structure LiX claim 7 , wherein n is 1 or 2; and X is selected from the group ...

RECOVERY PROCESS FOR FUNCTIONALIZED COMPOUND REACTION PRODUCT

Provided is a process for recovery of a functionalized compound reaction product comprising contacting (i) an oxidizing electrophile comprising a main group element, and (ii) a compound comprising at least one C—H bond, in an acidic medium to form a reaction milieu comprising a functionalized compound reaction product, contacting the reaction milieu with a water-immicible organic solvent, separating the water-immiscible organic solvent from the reaction milieu, wherein the functionalized compound reaction product is dissolved in the water-immiscible organic solvent, and separating the functionalized compound reaction product and the water-immiscible organic solvent. The water-immiscible extraction solvent can be the same compound as the compound comprising as least one C—H bond, for example, propane or n-butane. 1. A process for recovery of a functionalized compound reaction product comprisingcontacting (i) an oxidizing electrophile comprising a main group element, and (ii) a compound comprising at least one C—H bond, in an acidic medium to form a reaction milieu comprising a functionalized compound reaction product,contacting the reaction milieu with a water-immiscible organic solvent,separating the water-immiscible organic solvent from the reaction milieu, wherein the functionalized compound reaction product is dissolved in the water-immiscible organic solvent, andseparating the functionalized compound reaction product and the water-immiscible organic solvent.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprising at least one C—H bond is an alkane claim 1 , a heteroalkane claim 1 , or an arene claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '3', 'the heteroalkane comprises at least one sp-hybridized carbon atom bearing a hydrogen atom and at least one heteroatom other than a carbon or hydrogen atom, and'}{'sup': '2', 'the arene comprises at least one sp-hybridized carbon atom bearing a hydrogen.'}3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the compound comprising at least one C—H bond is ...

Synthesis and purification of muconic acid ester from aldaric acid esters

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing muconic acid ester from aldaric acid ester, and for separating and purifying the produced muconic acid ester by high vacuum distillation in a total heating environment.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING (METH)ACRYLATES

Process for preparing (meth)acrylates of the formula (I) 1. A process for preparing a (meth)acrylate of formula (I){'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'sup': 1', '2, 'CH═C(R)—CO—O—R\u2003\u2003(I)'}{'sup': '1', 'wherein Ris hydrogen or methyl, and'}{'sup': '2', 'sub': 6', '14', '1', '8, 'Ris a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic or cyclic alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, or a (C-C)-aryl-(C-C)-alkyl radical,'}the process comprising {'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'sup': 1', '3, 'CH═C(R)—CO—OR\u2003\u2003(II)'}, 'reacting a (meth)acrylate of formula II'}{'sup': 1', '3, 'wherein Rand Rare each independently hydrogen or methyl,'} {'br': None, 'sup': '2', 'HO—R\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'with an alcohol of formula (III)'}{'sup': '2', 'sub': 6', '14', '1', '8, 'wherein Ris a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, or a (C-C)-aryl-(C-C)-alkyl radical,'}in the presence of an amount of a suitable catalyst which catalyses the reaction andin the presence of an amount of a phenolic polymerization inhibitor or a combination of two or more phenolic polymerization inhibitors which is sufficient to inhibit undesired polymerization, to form a reaction mixture,the reaction undertaken with introduction into the reaction mixture resulting from the reacting, of an amount of oxygen or of an oxygenous gas mixture sufficient to inhibit undesired polymerization,whereina specific total oxygen input is less than or equal to 1.0 l/kg, measured in liters of oxygen per kilogram of (meth)acrylate of formula (I), where the volume of oxygen introduced is calculated at a temperature of 25° C. and a pressure of 101,325 pascal,and wherein the reacting is performed continuously.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reacting of the alcohol of formula (III) to (meth)acrylate of formula (I) is carried out in a reaction vessel having a reactor volume of greater than or equal to 0.25 m.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAME

A transesterification catalyst that is heterogeneous and a method for preparing said transesterification catalyst are provided. The catalyst can be used in a variety of transesterification reactor configurations including CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactors), ebullated (or ebullating) beds or any other fluidized bed reactors, and PFR (plug flow, fixed bed reactors). The catalyst can be used for manufacturing commercial grade biodiesel, biolubricants and glycerin. 17.-. (canceled)8. A method of preparing a transesterification catalyst comprising:mixing a metal hydroxide with the metal selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium and lithium with a metal hydroxide with the metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, and barium in a ratio of about 1:10 by weight to form a component mixture;dissolving the component mixture in phosphoric acid;heating the component mixture to a temperature in the range from 60-90 degrees C.;precipitating a solid compound;mixing the precipitate with ceramic substrate in a ratio of about 2:10 by weight and washing with water to form a precipitate/ceramic substrate mixture; andcalcining the precipitate/ceramic substrate mixture at a temperature in the range from 400-500 degrees C.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the precipitate/ceramic substrate mixture is calcined by heating for four hours or greater.1020.-. (canceled) This application is a divisional application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/753,623, filed Jun. 29, 2015, which claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/062,567, filed Oct. 10, 2014, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/149,138, filed Apr. 17, 2015 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/155,970, filed May 1, 2015, the contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.1. Field of the InventionThe presently disclosed ...

METHODS OF REFINING AND PRODUCING DIBASIC ESTERS AND ACIDS FROM NATURAL OIL FEEDSTOCKS

Methods and systems for making dibasic esters and/or dibasic acids using metathesis are generally disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods comprise reacting a terminal olefin ester with an internal olefin ester in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a dibasic ester and/or dibasic acid. In some embodiments, the terminal olefin ester or the internal olefin ester are derived from a renewable feedstock, such as a natural oil feedstock. In some such embodiments, the natural oil feedstock, or a transesterified derivative thereof, is metathesized to make the terminal olefin ester or the internal olefin ester. 1. A method of making an unsaturated dibasic ester , comprising:providing a reactant composition comprising a terminal olefin ester and an internal olefin ester; andreacting the terminal olefin ester with the internal olefin ester in a reactor in the presence of a first metathesis catalyst to form an unsaturated dibasic ester and a first terminal olefin.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the first terminal olefin is removed from the reactor during the reacting.3. (canceled)5. The method of claim 4 , wherein X is —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , —(CH)—CH═ claim 4 , or —(CH)—CH═.6. The method of wherein X is —(CH)—CH═.7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein R is methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , or isopropyl.9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the terminal olefin ester is a 4-pentenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 5-hexenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 6-heptenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 7-octenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 8-nonenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 9-decenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 10-undecenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 11-dodecenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 12-tridecenoic acid ester claim 1 , a 13-tetradecenoic acid ester ...

Methods of Refining Natural Oil Feedstocks

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product. 119-. (canceled)20. A method of producing a fuel composition comprising:providing a feedstock comprising natural oil glycerides, and (b) low-molecular-weight olefins;reacting the natural oil glycerides with the low-molecular-weight olefins in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters;separating at least a portion of the olefins in the metathesized product from the esters in the metathesized product; andhydrogenating the separated olefins to form a fuel composition.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the fuel composition is: (a) a kerosene-type jet fuel having a carbon number distribution between 8 and 16 claim 20 , a flash point between 38° C. and 66° C. claim 20 , an auto ignition temperature of 210° C. claim 20 , and a freeze point between −47° C. and −40° C.; (b) a naphtha-type jet fuel having a carbon number distribution between 5 and 15 claim 20 , a flash point between −23° C. and 0° C. claim 20 , an auto ignition temperature of 250° C.; and a freeze point of −65° C.; or (c) a diesel fuel having a carbon number distribution between 8 and 25 claim 20 , a specific gravity of between 0.82 and 1.08 at 15.6° C. claim 20 , a cetane number of greater than 40; and a distillation range between 180° C. and 340° C.22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising flash-separating a light end ...

Esterification Process

Embodiments of an invention disclosed herein relate to methods to produce terephthalate esters, the methods include esterifying at least one C-Calcohol with dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in the presence of a catalyst to produce the terephthalate esters. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an organic titanate catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of tin powder claim 1 , tin (II) oxide claim 1 , tin (II) oxalate claim 1 , titanate esters claim 1 , titanium tetraalkoxides claim 1 , zirconium esters claim 1 , and mixtures thereof4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an acid catalyst.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the acid catalyst comprises an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid claim 4 , sulfonic acid claim 4 , methanesulfonic acid claim 4 , p-toluenesulfonic claim 4 , and mixtures thereof6. The method of wherein the dimethyl terephthalate is molten.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one C-Calcohol is selected from C-Calcohols and mixtures thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one C-Calcohol is 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH).9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the 2-EH comprises fresh 2-EH and recycled 2-EH.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the terephthalate ester is di-alkyl terephthalate.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the terephthalate ester is di-octyl terephthalate (DOTP).12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a batch method.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method utilizes a reactor system selected from the group consisting of a batch reactor claim 1 , a continuous flow reactor claim 1 , a cascade of stirred tank reactors claim 1 , and any combination thereof.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reactor system comprises at least one distillation column.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises esterifving in the presence of at least one solvent.16. The method of claim ...

CHEMICAL REACTION METHOD USING CHEMICAL REACTION APPARATUS

A chemical reaction method includes preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including a horizontal flow reactor partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates. A liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space provided thereabove. a microwave generator and a waveguide that transmits microwaves to the unfilled space are also included. The reactor is inclined such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side. The content is flowed over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor. The content flowing inside the reactor is irradiated with microwaves. The inclination angle of the reactor is changed in each of the chambers so that a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side. 1. A chemical reaction method comprising: a horizontal flow reactor inside of which has been partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove,', 'a microwave generator that generates microwaves, and', 'at least one waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor,', 'wherein one or more weirs that are flow paths of the content are formed in an upper portion of each of the partition plates;, 'preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including'}inclining the reactor such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side;flowing the content over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor;irradiating the content flowing inside the reactor with microwaves; andchanging an inclination angle of the reactor within a range in which, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYFUNCTIONAL ACRYLATE

The present invention provides a production method of a multifunctional acrylate with a reduced tin content which includes adding an acid to a mixture containing an organotin compound and a multifunctional acrylate and distilling the mixture containing the acid. 1. A method for producing a multifunctional acrylate with a reduced tin content comprising adding an acid to a mixture comprising an organotin compound and a multifunctional acrylate and distilling the mixture comprising the acid.2. The production method according to wherein an amount of the acid to be added is 50-500 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a content of tin in the mixture comprising the organotin compound and the multifunctional acrylate.3. A method for producing a multifunctional acrylate comprisingstep 1 comprising a transesterification reaction of an acrylate and a polyhydric alcohol in the presence of an organotin compound to give a reaction mixture comprising the organotin compound and a multifunctional acrylate,step 2 comprising evaporating a compound having a boiling point lower than the organotin compound and the multifunctional acrylate from the reaction mixture to give a residue comprising the organotin compound and the multifunctional acrylate,step 3 comprising distilling the residue to give a distillate comprising the organotin compound and the multifunctional acrylate and a distillation residue comprising the organotin compound, andstep 4 comprising adding an acid to the distillate and distilling the mixture comprising the acid to give a multifunctional acrylate with a reduced tin content.4. The production method according to wherein an amount of the acid to be added is 50-500 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a content of tin in the distillate comprising the organotin compound and the multifunctional acrylate.5. The production method according to wherein the distillation residue obtained in step 3 is reused in a transesterification reaction in a new step 1.6. The ...

Process for the preparation of alkanoic acid esters in a carbonylation process using palladium bidentate biphosphate ligands

The invention relates to a carbonylation process for the preparation of an alkanoic acid ester comprising reacting: (a) an alkene; (b) a source of Pd; (c) a bidentate phosphine ligand of formula I; R 1 R 2 P—R 3 —R—R 4 —PR 5 R 6   (I) wherein P represents a phosphorus atom; R1, R2, R 5 and R 6 can independently represent the same or different optionally substituted organic groups containing a tertiary carbon atom through which the group is linked to the phosphorus atom; R 3 and R 4 independently represent optionally substituted lower alkylene groups and R represents an optionally substituted aromatic group; (d) a source of anions derived from an acid with a pKa<3; (e) carbon monoxide; and (f) an alkanol; characterized in that the process is performed in the presence of between 0.1 and 3 wt water. The process advantageously has a high conversion rate and is suitable for the production of dimethyl adipate, adipate and hexamethylene diamine and products derived thereof such as nylon 6,6 from renewable sources such as plant waste, sewage waste etceteras instead of using fossil sources.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING (METH) ACRYLATE ESTER COMPOUNDS

An object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a (meth)acrylate ester compound by the transesterification of an alkyl (meth)acrylate with an alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group so as to esterify all the hydroxyl groups present in the alcohol compound with a high yield or, in a preferred embodiment, a method for esterifying a polyhydric alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group and also having a primary hydroxyl group and/or a secondary hydroxyl group by one-pot transesterification into a (meth)acrylate ester compound of the polyhydric alcohol. The method for producing a (meth)acrylate ester compound includes a step (I) of transesterifying an alkyl (meth)acrylate with an alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group using a transesterification catalyst including a complex of iron with a specific ligand, the water content in the transesterification reaction system being not more than 1000 ppm. 2. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the transesterification catalyst in the transesterifying is from 0.1 to 20 mol % in terms of iron atoms relative to the hydroxyl groups of the alcohol compound.3. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol compound is a polyhydric alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group and also having a primary hydroxyl group and/or a secondary hydroxyl group.5. The production method according to claim 3 , wherein the polyhydric alcohol compound is isoprene glycol.6. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group is a polyhydric alcohol compound having a primary hydroxyl group and/or a secondary hydroxyl group claim 1 , and the (meth)acrylate ester compound obtained is a polyvalent ester compound resulting from the esterification of all the hydroxyl groups present in the polyhydric alcohol compound.8. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylate ester compound is di( ...

Method of Manufacturing Bio-Diesel and Reactor

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

Heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification and method of preparing same

A transesterification catalyst that is heterogeneous and a method for preparing said transesterification catalyst are provided. The catalyst can be used in a variety of transesterification reactor configurations including CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactors), ebullated (or ebullating) beds or any other fluidized bed reactors, and PFR (plug flow, fixed bed reactors). The catalyst can be used for manufacturing commercial grade biodiesel, biolubricants and glycerin.

PROCESS FOR MAKING ESTERS OF 2-ACETOXYALKANOIC ACIDS USING AN ALPHA-HYDROXYALKANOIC ACID ESTER AND AN ACETATE ESTER AS STARTING MATERIALS

2-Acetoxyalkanoic acid esters are made in a reaction of an α-hydroxyalkanoic acid ester and an acetate ester in the presence of a transesterification catalyst. Unlike previous methods for making 2-acetoxyalkanoic acid esters, this process proceeds in high yield and high selectivity to the desired product. 1. A process for making a 2-acetoxyalkanoic acid ester comprising heating a mixture of an α-hydroxyalkanoic acid ester and at least one mole of an alkyl acetate ester per mole of the α-hydroxyalkanoic acid ester in a reaction vessel to a temperature of at least 150° C. under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to convert at least a portion of the α-hydroxyalkanoic acid ester and alkyl acetate ester to a 2-acetoxyalkanoic acid ester and at least one alkanol or phenolic compound , wherein the water content in the reaction vessel during the reaction is maintained at below 0.15% by weight.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein Rand Reach are independently methyl claim 3 , ethyl claim 3 , n-propyl claim 3 , i-propyl claim 3 , n-butyl claim 3 , sec-butyl or t-butyl and Ris methyl claim 3 , ethyl claim 3 , n-propyl claim 3 , i-propyl claim 3 , n-butyl claim 3 , sec-butyl or t-butyl.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein Rand Rare the same.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein Rand Reach are methyl.7. The process of claim 5 , wherein Rand Reach are n-butyl.8. The process of claim 5 , wherein Ris methyl.9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising recovering the 2-acetoxyalkanonic acid ester.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the 2-acetoxyalkanonic acid ester is recovered by crystallization or distillation.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of the α-hydroxyalkanoic acid ester is 50 to 80%.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the selectivity to 2-acetoxyalkanonic acid ester is at least 80%.13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the selectivity to 2-acetoxyalkanonic acid ester is at least 90%.14. The process of wherein the ...

Methods of Refining Natural Oil Feedstocks

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Process

A process can prepare a compound having the formula wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen and acyl groups, wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is a branched chain long acyl group including 2, 4 or 6 branched acyl groups wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is selected from short acyl groups of the formula wherein q is from 0 to 4.

METHODS FOR PRODUCTION OF BIO-BASED LUBRICANTS AND RELATED FLUIDS

Disclosed is a method for production of a methyl ester based formulation. The method involves: providing a feedstock containing about 1% to about 100% canola oil; removing water from the feedstock; heating the feedstock to at least about 60° C.; mixing a solution of about 90% to about 100% (v/v) methanol and a strong base with the heated feedstock to produce a mixture containing methyl ester; and allowing the mixture containing methyl ester to rest for at least one hour. The composition of the methanol and strong base solution being calculated based on the free fatty acid content of the feedstock. The methyl ester based formulations produced by the method can be used as ecofriendly penetrating oils, lubricating oils, machining fluid or releasing agents. 1) A method for production of a methyl ester based formulation , the method comprising the steps of:providing a feedstock comprising about 1% to about 100% canola oil;removing water from the feedstock;heating the feedstock to at least about 60° C.;mixing a solution of about 90% to about 100% (v/v) methanol and a strong base with the heated feedstock to produce a mixture comprising methyl ester, whereby the composition of the solution is calculated based on the free fatty acid content of the feedstock; andallowing the mixture comprising methyl ester to rest for at least one hour.2) The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is vegetable oil.3) The method of claim 2 , wherein the vegetable oil is new or used vegetable oil.4) The method of claim 3 , wherein the vegetable oil is filtered to remove solid particulate matter prior to or simultaneously with the step of removing the water from the feedstock.5) The method of claim 1 , wherein the strong base is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.6) The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution of about 90% to about 100% (v/v) methanol purity and the strong base are mixed with the heated feedstock for at least about two hours.7) The method of claim 1 , further comprising ...

Products from the decomposition of plastic waste

This invention relates to the field of plastic waste decomposition. More specifically, the invention comprises products obtained from the decomposition of plastic waste.

3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENETHYL 3-HYDROXYBUTANOATE, PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF

The present disclosure discloses a novel compound, 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, a method for preparing the same and use of the same, and in particular, a compound of formula I, use of the compound of formula I, optically pure isomers of the compound, a mixture of enantiomers in any ratio, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in preparing health food and drug for relieving brain fatigue, improving learning and memory abilities, and ameliorating mania mood related to brain fatigue. 2. A method for preparing the compound of claim 1 , the method comprising:S1, synthesizing β-benzyloxybutyric acid;S2, synthesizing 3,4-dibenzyloxyphenylethanol;S3, synthesizing 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenethyl 3-(benzyloxy)butanoate; andS4, synthesizing 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step S1 comprises reacting crotonic acid with benzyl alcohol to synthesize β-benzyloxybutyric acid;the step S2 comprises reacting 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol with benzyl bromide to synthesize 3,4-dibenzyloxyphenylethanol;the step S3 comprises reacting β-benzyloxybutyric acid synthesized in the step S1 with 3,4-dibenzyloxyphenylethanol synthesized in the step S2 to synthesize 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenethyl 3-(benzyloxy)butanoate; andthe step S4 comprises reacting 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenethyl 3-(benzyloxy)butanoate synthesized in the step S3 with anhydrous methanol.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step S1 comprises:weighing and placing crotonic acid in a first reaction vessel, to which benzyl alcohol and mercuric acetate are sequentially added to form a first mixture, and stirring the first mixture at room temperature overnight;cooling the first reaction vessel to about 0° C., adding sodium hydroxide within about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes to the first reaction vessel, then adding a sodium hydroxide water solution containing sodium borohydride to the first reaction vessel, and keeping the first reaction vessel at about 0° C. for about 3 ...

TEREPHTHALIC ACID ESTERS FORMATION

The present disclosure relates to the formation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). The present invention also relates to the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the recovery of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). 1. A process for the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to form a terephthalate; the process comprising admixing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a mixture comprising sodium glycoxide.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises a solvent selected from methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , n-propanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , t-butanol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , glycerol claim 1 , cyclohexane-1 claim 1 ,4-dimethanol claim 1 , phenol claim 1 , benzyl alcohol claim 1 , and any combinations thereof.3. (canceled)4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the solvent is methanol.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the solvent is added to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) prior to the addition of the glycoxide.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is mixed with the solvent prior to the addition of the glycoxide for about 15 mins to about 120 mins.7. (canceled)8. The process of claim 2 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is mixed with the solvent prior to the addition of the glycoxide at a temperature between about 50° C. to about 100° C.9. (canceled)10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the terephthalate is dimethyl terephthalate (DMT).11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sodium glycoxide is mono sodium glycoxide and the mono sodium glycoxide is provided as a suspension.14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the mono sodium glycoxide suspension is prepared by a process comprising:a) heating mono ethylene glycol;b) adding sodium hydroxide thereby forming mono sodium glycoxide;c) drying the mono sodium glycoxide;d) suspending the dried mono sodium glycoxide into a suspending solvent; ande) aging the suspension.15. The ...

MIXTURES OF CANNABINOID COMPOUNDS, AND PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF

Described are specific mixtures comprising one or more (cannabinoid) compounds of the formula (A) and/or one or more of their salts as well was methods for their production. 2. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic rest of the compound of formula (A) is saturated and/or linear.5. A mixture according to claim 3 , wherein in the said formulas (A-I) claim 3 , (A-II) claim 3 , (A-III) or claim 3 , respectively claim 3 , (A-IV) each Rindependently of the meaning of each of the others of the rests Ris H or OH.7. A method of therapeutic treatment of a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal a mixture of claim 1 , or a compound of the formula (A) claim 1 , or salt thereof.8. A method for achieving an effect selected from the group consisting of: appetizing effect claim 1 ,antiemetic effect for the inhibition of nausea and vomiting,reduction of muscular cramps and spasticities,alleviation of pain symptoms,alleviation of migraine symptoms,reduction of the intraocular pressure in the case of a glaucoma,improved sentiment,immune stimulation,antiepileptic effect, andas CB1 and/or CB2 receptor modulator;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the method comprising administering to the human or animal a mixture of or a compound of the formula (A), or salt thereof.'}11. A method for producing a mixture according to or a compound selected from the group consisting of cyclohexylcannabidivarinolat claim 1 , hexylcannabidivarinolat and 2-hydroxyethylcannabidivarinolat or a salt thereof claim 1 , comprising the following steps: 'and', '(a) transesterification of a divarinacid ester,'}(b) reacting the divarinacid ester obtained by transesterification in step (a) with menthadienol to the corresponding compound of the formula (A).12. A method for producing THCV claim 1 , comprising the production of a mixture according to or of a compound selected from the group consisting of cyclohexylcannabidivarinolat claim 1 , ...

HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATTY ACID OR HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTER WITH REDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A highly unsaturated fatty acid or a highly unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester that has been produced using as a feedstock oil a fat or oil that contains highly unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids and which has been reduced in the contents of environmental pollutants, wherein among the dioxins contained, polychlorinated dibenzoparadioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are contained in amounts of less than 0.05 pg-TEQ/g and coplanar PCBs (Co-PCBs) in amounts of less than 0.03 pg-TEQ/g. Also disclosed is a method for producing the highly unsaturated fatty acid or highly unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester by the steps of removing free fatty acids and environmental pollutants by thin-film distillation from a feedstock oil, ethyl esterifying the resulting fat or oil, and refining the same by rectification and column chromatography. 1. A highly unsaturated fatty acid or a highly unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester which has been produced using as a feedstock oil or fat derived from marine products that contains highly unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids ,wherein the highly unsaturated fatty acid or the highly unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester contains an amount of coplanar PCBs (Co-PCBs) up to 0.03 pg-TEQ/g, andwherein the highly unsaturated fatty acid comprises eicosapentaenoic acid, dihomo-γ-linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, or a combination thereof;wherein a concentration as occupied by the highly unsaturated fatty acids in the sum of fatty acids is at least 80 area %.2. The highly unsaturated fatty acid or highly unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of a brominated flame retardant contained in the unsaturated fatty acid or the unsaturated fatty acid ester has been reduced to such a level that the amount of BDE-47 is less than 0.18 ng/g claim 1 , the amount of BDE-100 is less than 0.03 ng/g claim 1 , the amount of BDE-49 is less than 0.05 ng/g claim 1 , or ...

A Process For The Preparation Of Platform Chemicals From Sugar Using Acid Catalyst

A process is provided for the preparation of value added chemicals such as ethyl levulinate from a glucose or other sugars, catalyzed by a mixture of a Lewis acid catalyst and a Bronsted acid catalyst. 19-. (canceled)10. A one-step process for converting sugars to platform chemicals , the one-step process comprising:reacting a sugar with a physical mixture of a Lewis acid catalyst and a Bronsted acid catalyst at a temperature from 100° C. to 2000° C. for 0.5 h to 7 h in an alcohol to obtain the platform chemicals with a reaction yield from 60% to 85%.11. The one-step process of claim 10 , wherein the sugar is selected from the group consisting of glucose claim 10 , galactose claim 10 , fructose claim 10 , xylose claim 10 , sucrose claim 10 , lactose claim 10 , maltose claim 10 , trehalose claim 10 , sorbitol claim 10 , mannitol claim 10 , and combinations thereof.12. The one-step process of claim 10 , wherein the platform chemicals are selected from the group consisting of ethyl levulinate claim 10 , methyl levulinate claim 10 , 5-HMF claim 10 , levulinic acid claim 10 , gamma-valerolactone claim 10 , 5-hydroalkyl furfural claim 10 , 5-ethoxymethyl furfural claim 10 , ethyl lactate claim 10 , 5-methoxymethyl furfural claim 10 , methyl lactate claim 10 , butyl levulinate claim 10 , propyl levulinate claim 10 , hexyl levulinate claim 10 , octyl levulinate claim 10 , butyl lactate claim 10 , propyl lactate claim 10 , hexyl lactate claim 10 , octyl lactate claim 10 , butyl furfural claim 10 , propyl furfural claim 10 , hexyl furfural claim 10 , and octyl furfural.13. The one-step process of claim 10 , wherein the sugar is loaded at from 30 g/L to 83 g/L and the physical mixture of Lewis acid catalyst and Bronsted acid catalyst is loaded at 30% to 100% with respect to the sugar loading.14. The one-step process of claim 10 , wherein the Lewis acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Sn-beta claim 10 , TiO claim 10 , ZrO claim 10 , and SnO.15. The one-step ...

Menaquinol Compositions and Methods of Treatment

The present application discloses methods for the efficient preparation of high purity compounds of the Formula I, and their methods of use. 23.-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal catalyst is a nickel(0) catalyst.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nickel(0) catalyst is (PhP)Ni(0).610.-. (canceled)11. (canceled)13. The compound of of the Formula I claim 12 , wherein:{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 15;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 16;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 17;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 18;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 20;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 21;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 22;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 23;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 24;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 25;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 26;'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 27; and'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare both the residue 28.'}14. The compound of of the Formula I claim 12 , wherein:{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 15; Ris H and Ris the residue 15;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 16; Ris H and Ris the residue 6;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 17; Ris H and Ris the residue 17;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 11; Ris H and Ris the residue 18;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 20; Ris H and Ris the residue 20;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 21; Ris H and Ris the residue 21;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 22; Ris H and Ris the residue 22;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 23; Ris H and Ris the residue 2;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 2; Ris H and Ris the residue 4;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H and Ris the residue 25; Ris H and Ris the residue 25;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'Ris H ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING (METH)ACRYLIC ESTERS

This invention relates to a process for the continuous production of a (meth)acrylic ester by transesterification reaction between a C1-C4 light alkyl (meth)acrylate, with a heavy alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, characterised in that the flows feeding the reactor are introduced through a static mixer placed on a recirculation loop of the reactor. The use of a static mixer improves the selectivity of the reaction and consequently the overall productivity of (meth)acrylic ester synthesis process. 1. A process for continuous production of a (meth)acrylic ester by transesterification reaction between a light alkyl (meth)acrylate selected from the group consisting of methyl (meth)acrylate and ethyl (meth)acrylate , with a heavy alcohol in the presence of a catalyst , wherein flows feeding the reactor are introduced through a static mixer which is a pipe element with propellers or baffles or other obstacle to increase turbulence , placed on a recirculation loop of reagents , catalyst and recycled flows upstream of the reactor.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the static mixer is placed upstream of the reactor reboiler.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the static mixer is placed downstream of the reactor reboiler.4. The process according to wherein the heavy alcohol is a linear or branched claim 1 , primary or secondary alcohol comprising between 4 and 12 carbon atoms claim 1 , optionally comprising at least one nitrogen atom.5. The process according to wherein the heavy alcohol is an amino alcohol of formula (II):{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3, 'HO-A-N(R′)(R′) \u2003\u2003(II)'}wherein{'sub': 1', '5, 'A is an alkylene radical, linear or branched, in C-C'}{'sub': 2', '3', '1', '4, 'R′and R′, which are identical or different from one another, each representing a C-Calkyl radical.'}6. The process according to wherein the heavy alcohol is N claim 1 ,N-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N-diethylaminoethanol claim 1 , or N claim 1 ,N- ...

Small scale production of methoxy compounds

A method includes receiving a base raw material at a system. The base raw material is converted to synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is conditioned to remove moisture and carbon dioxide. One or more methoxy compounds are produced from methanol when the methanol is produced from the conditioned synthesis gas at operational temperatures below 205° C.

Esterification process

The present disclosure relates to a process of esterification in presence of a catalyst. The catalyst of the present disclosure is an aryloxy based phosphoric acid having general formula [{ArO} 2 P(O)OH] and is represented by the structure: wherein, Ar represents aryl compounds. The process of esterification is carried out by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in a fluid medium in the presence of the aryloxy based phosphoric acid catalyst resulting in the corresponding ester. The process of the present disclosure is simple and results in a product having a comparatively higher purity.

PREPARATION OF C8-C24 ALKYL (METH)ACRYLATES

The invention relates to a process for preparing a C-Calkyl(meth)acrylate by transesterification of methyl(meth)acrylate with a C-Calkanol, said process comprising the steps of: 2. The process according to wherein the entraining agent is a separate solvent other than methyl (meth)acrylate and steps (iv) and (v) are carried out in one distillation step.3. The process according to wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-heptane and cyclohexane.4. The process according to wherein the entraining agent is methyl (meth)acrylate and step (iv) is carried out before step (iii).5. The process according to wherein the C-Calkanol is a branched C-Calkanol.6. The process according to wherein the C-Calkanol is a linear C-Calkanol.7. The process according to wherein the C-Calkanol is a linear C-Calkanol mixture.8. The process according to wherein the C-Calkanol is a Calkanol mixture comprising 2-propylheptanol.9. The process according to wherein the C-Calkanol is a Calkanol mixture.10. The process according to wherein the catalyst comprises dimethyltin dichloride.11. The process according to wherein the stabilizer is methylhydroquinone.12. The process according to wherein the aqueous alkaline washing solution is aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.13. The process according to wherein methanol is removed from the azeotrope of entraining agent and methanol distilled off in step (ii) by washing with water and the solvent is recycled to the reaction vessel. The invention relates to a process for preparing C-Calkyl(meth)acrylates by transesterification of methyl (meth)acrylate with C-Calkanols.Polymers or copolymers prepared on the basis of branched or linear C-C(meth)acrylates are of considerable economic importance in the form of polymer dispersions. They are used, for example, as adhesives, lubricants, oil field chemicals and paints and as textile, leather and papermaking assistants. (Meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate are, respectively, umbrella terms for ...

Terephthalic acid esters formation

The present disclosure relates to the formation of terephthalate esters. The present invention also relates to the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or poly(ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) and the recovery of terephthalate esters.

WATER-SOLUBLE YNAMIDE COUPLING REAGENT AND PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF

The present disclosure discloses a water-soluble ynamide coupling reagent and a method for using the water-soluble ynamide coupling reagent in the synthesis of amide, polypeptide, ester and thioester compound. The ynamide coupling reagent has the structure represented by the following formula (I): 3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in step 1) claim 2 , the solvent I is an organic solvent; the solvent I is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide claim 2 , N claim 2 ,N-dimethylformamide claim 2 , N claim 2 ,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; a molar ratio of N-(2 claim 2 ,2-dimethyl-1 claim 2 ,3-dioxolane-4-ylmethyl)amide having the structure represented by formula (II) to ethylene dichloride is in a range of 1:(0.8-5) claim 2 , preferably 1:(1-3) claim 2 , and more preferably 1:(1.1-2); and/or{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2, 'in step 2), the alkali is at least one selected from the group consisting of NaH, CaH, t-BuONa, KOH, NaOH, EtONa, EtOLi, CsCO, KCO, NaCO, Ca(OH), LiOH and DBU; the reaction is performed at a temperature of 15-100° C., preferably 20-90° C., and more preferably 25-80° C.; the reaction is performed for 0.2-48 h, preferably 0.5-36 h, and more preferably 1-24 h; the separating is performed by filtration, centrifugation or column chromatography; and a molar ratio of the alkali to N-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-ylmethyl) amide having the structure represented by formula (II) is in a range of (1-10):1, preferably (2-8):1, and more preferably (3-6):1.'}4. A method for using a water-soluble ynamide coupling reagent claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble ynamide coupling reagent of is used in the synthesis of amide claim 1 , polypeptide claim 1 , ester compound or thioester compound.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step 1a) claim 5 , the carboxylic acid compound is an organic acid formed by the association of a hydrocarbon group and a carboxyl group; the carboxylic acid compound is ...

Polyhydroxyalkanoate derivatives, preparation and uses thereof

Provided herein are methods that utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a substrate for further conversion to C4 and C5 compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can undergo esterification to yield alkyl hydroxyalkanoates and alkyl alkenoates, which may serve as useful precursors in the production of alkadienes and alkenedioic acids, including for example butadiene and butenedioic acid.

Heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification and method of preparing same

A transesterification catalyst that is heterogeneous and a method for preparing said transesterification catalyst are provided. The catalyst can be used in a variety of transesterification reactor configurations including CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactors), ebullated (or ebullating) beds or any other fluidized bed reactors, and PFR (plug flow, fixed bed reactors). The catalyst can be used for manufacturing commercial grade biodiesel, biolubricants and glycerin.

Method for Producing Lipid

Provided is a method for producing a lipid, by which lipid including a high ratio of medium-chain fatty acids can be produced efficiently. Disclosed is a method for producing a lipid, the method comprising the following steps (1) and (2): (1) a step of culturing algae of the class Dinophyceae in a medium containing glycerin to obtain a culture; and (2) a step of collecting a lipid from a culture thus obtained.

PLANT EXTRACT COMPOSITIONS FOR FORMING PROTECTIVE COATINGS

Described herein are methods of preparing cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof from cutin-containing plant matter. The methods can include heating the cutin-derived plant matter in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure. In some preferred embodiments, the methods can be carried out without the use of additional acidic or basic species. 1. A method of preparing a composition comprising monomers , oligomers , or combinations thereof derived from plant matter , the method comprising:adding plant matter to a solvent to form a mixture, the solvent having a boiling point at a first temperature at a pressure of one atmosphere; andheating the mixture to a second temperature and second pressure, the second temperature being higher than the first temperature and the second pressure being higher than one atmosphere, thereby forming the composition comprising the monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the monomers claim 2 , oligomers claim 2 , or combinations thereof comprise fatty acid monomers claim 2 , oligomers claim 2 , or combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising chemically modifying at least some of the fatty acid monomers claim 3 , oligomers claim 3 , or combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the chemically modifying of the fatty acid monomers claim 4 , oligomers claim 4 , or combinations thereof comprises esterifying the fatty acid monomers claim 4 , oligomers claim 4 , or combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second pressure is sufficiently high to maintain at least a portion of the water in a liquid phase at the second temperature.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second temperature is at least 393 K.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant matter comprises a polymer.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a depolymerization reaction of the polymer at the second ...

METHOD FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS

The present invention relates to a method for transesterification of carboxylic acid esters by heterogeneous catalysis using a catalyst that is obtainable by calcination of surface-reacted calcium carbonate. The invention further relates to the use of said method in the production of fuel or fuel components, such as biodiesel. Further aspects of the present invention relate to the transesterified ester obtainable by the inventive method and to its use as fuel or as fuel component. Still another aspect of the present invention relates to a corresponding transesterification catalyst and to its use in transesterification reactions. 1. A method for transesterification of carboxylic acid esters by heterogeneous catalysis , the method comprising the following steps:(a) providing a substrate comprising a first carboxylic acid ester;(b) providing a first alcohol;(c) providing a catalyst; and(d) reacting the substrate provided in step (a) and the first alcohol provided in step (b) in the presence of the catalyst provided in step (c) to obtain a reaction mixture comprising a second carboxylic acid ester and a second alcohol;{'sub': 3', '3, 'sup': +', '+, 'characterized in that the catalyst comprises calcined surface-reacted calcium carbonate, wherein the surface-reacted calcium carbonate is a reaction product of ground natural calcium carbonate-containing mineral (GNCC) or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) with carbon dioxide and one or more HO ion donors and wherein the carbon dioxide is formed in situ by the HO ion donors treatment and/or is supplied from an external source.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the substrate is a fat or a fatty oil claim 1 , preferably a vegetable oil claim 1 , more preferably the substrate is selected from the group consisting of canola oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , hazelnut oil claim 1 , linseed oil claim 1 , mustard seed oil claim 1 , olive oil claim 1 , palm oil ...

METHODS FOR THE DECOMPOSITION OF CONTAMINATED PLASTIC WASTE

This invention relates to the field of contaminated plastic waste decomposition. More specifically, the invention comprises methods and systems to decompose contaminated plastic waste and transform it into value-added products. 1. A method for decomposing plastic waste , comprising:a. adding plastic waste to a reaction vessel;b. adding aqueous nitric acid (HNO3) to the reaction vessel to give a mixture, wherein the wt. ratio of plastic waste to aqueous nitric acid is greater than 1:3; and i. succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, and azelaic acid;', {'sub': 8', '20, 'ii. at least one of oxalic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, 2-octenedioic acid, 2-nonenedioic acid, 2-decenedioic acid, and 2-undecenedioic acid, or the salts or esters thereof; or at least one of C-Cdicarboxylic acid substituted with a single nitro group, or the salts or esters thereof; and'}, 'iii. at least one anhydride of (i) and (ii)., 'c. subjecting the mixture obtained in b. to conditions effective to decompose the plastic waste to produce decomposition products, wherein the decomposition products comprise2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decomposition products comprise at least one of oxalic acid claim 1 , suberic acid claim 1 , sebacic acid claim 1 , undecanedioic acid claim 1 , dodecanedioic acid claim 1 , tridecanedioic acid claim 1 , tetradecanedioic acid claim 1 , pentadecanedioic acid claim 1 , or the salts or esters thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decomposition products comprise at least one of C-Cdicarboxylic acid substituted with a single nitro group claim 1 , or the salts or esters thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one C-Cdicarboxylic acid substituted with a single nitro group is (1) nitro-suberic acid claim 3 , nitro-azelaic acid claim 3 , nitro-sebacic acid claim 3 , nitro-undecanedioic acid claim 3 , nitro- ...

Aerobic Oxidative Esterification of Sugar-Derived 1,4-Disubstituted Benzene for Direct Synthesis of Dimethylterephthalate

This invention relates to a dimethylterephthalate production process comprising reacting substituted furan with ethylene under cycloaddition reaction conditions and in the presence of a cycloaddition catalyst to produce a bicyclic ether, dehydrating the bicyclic ether to produce a substituted phenyl, dissolving said substituted phenyl in methanol, and oxidizing and esterifying the substituted phenyl in the presence of an oxidative esterification catalyst to form dimethylterephthalate. Importantly, the process does not include oxidizing the substituted phenyl to form terephthalic acid. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein both R and R* are HC═O.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein both R and R* are —CHOH.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein one of R and R* is HC═O and the other is —CHOH.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein both R and R* are CH.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein one of R and R* is CHand the other is —CHOH.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein one of R and R* is CHand the other is HC═O.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein said oxidative esterification is conducted at a temperature from −50° C. to 100° C.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidative esterification catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst bearing metal compromising at least one of cobalt claim 1 , gold claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , and combinations thereof.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the oxidative esterification catalyst is supported on materials compromising at least one of carbon claim 9 , alumina claim 9 , titania claim 9 , silica claim 9 , and metal-organic framework.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein said oxidative esterification is conducted at a substantially neutral pH or in the presence of a recoverable solid base catalyst.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein said substituted furan is derived from conversion of glucose or fructose.13. The process of claim 1 , which does not include oxidizing the substituted phenyl such that it forms terephthalic acid. ...

Production of Biodiesel and Glycerin from High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks

A system and method for the conversion of free fatty acids to glycerides and the subsequent conversion of glycerides to glycerin and biodiesel includes the transesterification of a glyceride stream with an alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the glycerin to produce a first liquid phase containing a fatty acid alkyl ester rich (concentrated) stream and a second liquid phase containing a glycerin rich (concentrated) stream. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then subjected to distillation, preferably reactive distillation, wherein the stream undergoes both physical separation and chemical reaction. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then purified to produce a purified biodiesel product and a glyceride rich residue stream. Neutralization of the alkaline stream, formed during the alkali-catalyzed transesterfication process, may proceed by the addition of a mineral or an organic acid. 1. A process for the production of purified biodiesel from a feedstock comprising:a. reacting glycerides with at least one alcohol to produce a fatty acid alkyl ester stream;b. purifying the fatty acid alkyl ester stream by distillation, wherein the distillation involves separating the fatty acid alkyl ester stream into a purified fatty acid alkyl ester stream and at least a second stream; andc. recovering fatty acid alkyl esters from the purified fatty acid alkyl ester stream.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock comprises at least one of impurities claim 1 , unsaponifiable materials claim 1 , monoglycerides claim 1 , diglycerides claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , and free fatty acids.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock comprises free fatty acids between 0-100 wt %.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said fatty acid alkyl ester stream contains at least one of impurities claim 1 , unsaponifiable materials claim 1 , glycerin claim 1 , monoglycerides claim 1 , diglycerides claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , free fatty acids claim 1 ...

Alkyl Lactyllactates and Processes of Making the Same

Provided are alkyl lactyllactate compositions that can be prepared from (1) lactide or alternatively lactic acid, and (2) a hydroxyl containing compound such as an alcohol, preferably a fatty alcohol or an alkoxylated alcohol, with (3) an acid catalyst. Preferably, the fatty alcohol contains from about 6 to 18 carbon atoms, such as lauryl alcohol. The alkyl lactyllactates can be used as surfactants, emulsifiers, skin feel agents, film formers, thickeners, rheological modifiers, etc., for personal care and other application areas. Compositions containing at least one alkyl lactyllactate are also provided. The compositions can further contain at least one surfactant.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DIESTER-BASED COMPOSITION

The present disclosure relates to a preparation system and a preparation method of a diester-based composition. A first alcohol which is a reaction raw material is added to waste water as an extracting agent, and layer separation is performed to separate a second alcohol which is another reaction raw material in the waste water. Accordingly, the amount of alcohol discharged as waste water can be reduced, and an eco-friendly process operation is possible. In addition, it is economical and efficiency to use the alcohol separated again as a reaction raw material 1. A preparation system of a diester-based composition , the system comprising:a first purification part comprising a purification space for separating a reaction product of esterification reaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a first alcohol into a purified product and the first alcohol which is an unreacted reactant, and a purified product line and an unreacted reactant recovering line for discharging the purified product and the unreacted reactant;a trans reaction unit comprising an interior space for performing trans esterification reaction of the purified product injected from the purified product line of the first purification part and a second alcohol injected from a separate alcohol injection part, and a trans reaction product line discharging a produced trans reaction product;a neutralized water separating apparatus comprising a partition wall separating an interior part into a neutralization space and a water separation space and forming a passage capable of moving a fluid, and an organic layer line and a waste water line for separately discharging an ester-rich organic layer and a water-rich waste water layer from the water separation space, the trans reaction product line being connected with the neutralization space;a second purification part comprising an unreacted reactant recovering line, a second waste water line and a product line for separately discharging the ester-rich organic layer injected ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF AN ESTER AND DIOL FROM RECLAIMED CARPET MATERIAL

The current invention pertains to a process for producing a terephthalate ester comprising: providing reclaimed carpet material comprising a polyester component; and reacting the polyester component with an alcohol having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms and under conditions effective to produce a terephthalate ester; wherein 15-40% of the mass of the terephthalate ester is derived from the polyester present in the reclaimed carpet material. 1. A process for producing an ester comprising:(a) providing reclaimed carpet material comprising a polyester component; and(b) reacting the polyester component with an alcohol having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms and under conditions effective to produce a terephthalate ester;wherein about 15-40% of the mass of the terephthalate ester is derived from the polyester present in the reclaimed carpet material.2. (canceled)3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reclaimed carpet material further comprises at least one of a face fiber claim 1 , a mineral filler claim 1 , a backing material claim 1 , an adhesive composition claim 1 , a contaminant claim 1 , or any combinations thereof.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the mineral filler comprises calcium carbonate.5. (canceled)6. The process of claim 3 , wherein the backing material comprises a polyolefin claim 3 , polyurethane claim 3 , polyester claim 3 , polyvinyl chloride or any combinations thereof.7. The process of claim 3 , wherein the adhesive composition comprises at least one homogeneously branched ethylene polymer comprising interpolymer of ethylene with at least one C-Cα-olefin.8. The process of claim 3 , wherein the adhesive composition comprises a crosslinked styrene-butadiene copolymer claim 3 , a crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer claim 3 , or a combination thereof.9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polyester component comprises polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , polypropylene terephthalate claim 1 , polybutylene terephthalate claim 1 ...

A Process For The Preparation of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters

The present invention broadly relates to a process for preparing fatty acid alkyl esters from fat-containing feedstocks using sulfonated fatty acid catalysts.

(METH)ACRYLATE MANUFACTURING METHOD

The present invention provides a (meth)acrylate manufacturing method characterized in that when manufacturing a (meth) acrylate by an ester exchange reaction between an alcohol and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate using catalyst A and catalyst B together, contact treatment of the ester exchange reaction product with adsorbent C is performed. Catalyst A: One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of cyclic tertiary amines with an azabicyclo structure and salts or complexes thereof, amidine and salts or complexes thereof, compounds with a pyridine ring and salts or complexes thereof, phosphines and salts or complexes thereof, and compounds with a tertiary diamine structure and salts or complexes thereof. Catalyst B: One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of compounds comprising zinc. Adsorbent C: One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of oxides and hydroxides comprising at least one of magnesium, aluminum and silicon. 1. A method for producing a (meth)acrylate , the method comprising:subjecting a reaction product of a transesterification reaction to a contact treatment with the following adsorbent C when producing a (meth)acrylate by subjecting an alcohol and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate to a transesterification reaction using the following catalyst A and the following catalyst B concurrently:catalyst A: one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of a cyclic tertiary amine having an azabicyclo structure or a salt thereof or a complex thereof, an amidine or a salt thereof or a complex thereof, a compound having a pyridine ring or a salt thereof or a complex thereof, phosphines or a salt thereof or a complex thereof, and a compound having a tertiary diamine structure or a salt thereof or a complex thereof,catalyst B: one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound containing zinc, andadsorbent C: one or more kinds of compounds selected from the ...

Process for the synthesis of aliphatic dialkyl esters from vegetable oils

This invention relates to a process for obtaining highly pure aliphatic dialkyl esters of saturated dicarboxylic acids from vegetable oils, which can advantageously be used in polymerisation. The process comprises the steps of reacting with an aliphatic alcohol a triglycerides mixture containing at least one triglyceride of at least one saturated dicarboxylic acid in the presence of one or more catalysts capable of catalysing the esterification and transesterification reactions, and separating the dialkyl esters of saturated dicarboxylic acids from the reaction mixture thus obtained.

METHODS FOR PRODUCING ALKYL HYDROXYALKANOATES

Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction. 1. A method for producing ethyl 3-hydroxypropionate , comprising: (i) at least 40 percent by weight hydroxyalkanoate equivalents;', '(ii) less than 45 percent by weight free hydroxyalkanoates;', '(iii) at least 1 percent by weight saccharide equivalents; and', '(iv) less than 5 percent by weight water;, 'a) obtaining a hydroxyalkanoate containing composition, comprisingb) mixing ethanol in a molar ratio of from about 1.1 to 1.0 to about 10.0 to 1.0 of ethanol to hydroxyalkanoate equivalents present in the hydroxyalkanoate containing composition to obtain a first mixture;c) heating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product; (i) at least 90 percent by weight ethyl 3-hydroxypropionate;', '(ii) less than 1 percent by weight 3-hydroxypropionic acid;', '(iii) less than 1 percent by weight water; and', '(iv) less than 0.5 percent by weight saccharide equivalents., 'd) distilling the reaction product and recovering an ethyl 3-hydroxypropionate fraction comprising2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) further comprises separating the reaction product into a first fraction enriched in the ethanol and water claim 1 , and a second fraction enriched in the ethyl 3-hydroxypropionate claim 1 , wherein the ethyl 3-hydroxypropionate is recovered from the second fraction.3. The method claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises fractional distillation.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises:a first step to provide a first fraction enriched in water and ethanol and a second ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING ALKYL HDROXYALKANOATES

Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoates from hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture, optionally in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction. 1. A method for producing ethyl lactate , comprising: (i) at least 40 percent by weight hydroxyalkanoate equivalents;', '(ii) greater than 0 and less than 45 percent by weight free hydroxyalkanoates;', '(iii) at least 1 percent by weight saccharide equivalents; and', '(iv) less than 5 percent by weight water;, 'a) obtaining a hydroxyalkanoate containing composition, comprisingb) mixing ethanol in a molar ratio of from about 1.1 to 1.0 to about 10.0 to 1.0 of ethanol to hydroxyalkanoate equivalents present in the hydroxyalkanoate containing composition to obtain a first mixture;c) heating the first mixture to form a reaction product; (i) at least 90 percent by weight ethyl lactate;', '(ii) less than 1 percent by weight lactic acid;', '(iii) less than 1 percent by weight water; and', '(iv) less than 0.5 percent by weight saccharide equivalents., 'd) distilling the reaction product and recovering ethyl lactate fraction comprising2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) further comprises separating the reaction product into a first fraction enriched in ethanol and water claim 1 , and a second fraction enriched in the ethyl lactate claim 1 , wherein the ethyl lactateis recovered from the second fraction.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises:a first step to provide a first fraction enriched in water and ethanol and a second fraction enriched in the ethyl lactate and the saccharide equivalents; anda second step to fractionate the second fraction into a saccharide equivalents enriched ...

DIACRYLATE COMPOUND, COMPOSITION THEREOF, AND CURED PRODUCT THEREOF

The present invention relates to a diacrylate compound represented by general formula (1), a composition thereof, and a cured product of the compound/composition. 2: The diacrylate compound according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the formula (1) claim 1 , combination of an alkyl group denoted as Rand an alkyl group denoted as Ris different from combination of an alkyl group denoted as Rand an alkyl group denoted as R.3: The diacrylate compound according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the formula (1) claim 1 , Rand Rare each a methyl group.4: A composition comprising: the diacrylate compound according to ; and at least one selected from the group consisting of an additional polymerizable monomer claim 1 , a polymerizable oligomer claim 1 , and a radical polymerization initiator.5: The composition according to comprising a radical polymerization initiator.6: The composition according to comprising a photo-radical polymerization initiator.7: The composition according to comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a urethane acrylate oligomer and a urethane methacrylate oligomer.8: A cured product obtained by curing the composition according to .10: The cured product according to claim 9 , wherein claim 9 , in the formula (8) claim 9 , combination of an alkyl group denoted as Rand an alkyl group denoted as Ris different from combination of an alkyl group denoted as Rand an alkyl group denoted as R.11: An adhesive comprising the composition according to .12: An ink comprising the composition according to .13: A coating material comprising the composition according to .15. (canceled) The present invention relates to a novel diacrylate compound, a composition thereof, and a cured product of the compound/composition, and more specifically, relates to a diacrylate compound excellent in flexibility and low curling properties, a composition containing the compound, and a cured product of the compound/composition.Photocurable resins, which cure through ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BIO-DIESEL AND REACTOR

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol. 1. A reactor comprising:a substantially fluid tight tank comprising an interior and an exterior;a heat transfer media positioned within said tank;a plurality of reaction lines positioned within said tank, wherein said plurality of reaction lines are in thermal communication with said heat transfer media and wherein said plurality of reaction lines are in fluid communication with one another and with said exterior of said tank;a manifold configured to regulate fluid communication between said plurality of reaction lines, wherein said manifold is configured to selectively allow fluid exiting a first of said plurality of reaction lines to flow to a second of said plurality of reaction lines or to divert fluid exiting said first of said plurality of reaction lines away from said second of said plurality of reaction lines, wherein said manifold is configured to divert a fluid having a density and exiting said first of said plurality of reaction lines out of said reactor if the density of the fluid has fallen by at least about 1 pound per cubic foot;at least one means for heating said heat ...

CATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER

Catalysts and methods for use in conversion of glycerides and free fatty acids to biodiesel are described. A batch or continuous process may be used with the catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides with an alkyl alcohol to produce corresponding mono carboxylic acid esters and glycerol in high yields and purity. Similarly, alkyl and aryl carboxylic acids and free fatty acids are also converted to corresponding alkyl esters. Catalysts are capable of simultaneous esterification and transesterification under same process conditions. The described catalysts are thermostable, long lasting, and highly active. 1: A catalyst comprising:at least one Mesoporous Linde Type A (MLTA) zeolite, alone or in combination with:at least one ion exchanged Modified Molecular Sieve (MMS) selected from the group consisting of MMS-3 ÅK, MMS-3 ÅCs, MMS-4 ÅK, MMS-4 ÅCs, MMS-5 ÅK and MMS-5 ÅCs; and/orat least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of groups IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA and IVB metals.2: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal oxide is selected from the group of consisting of Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , La claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zn and Zr metal.3: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a composition u(AlO).v(TiO).w(ZnO).x(MMS).y(MLTA) claim 1 , wherein 0≤u≤3 (wt); 0≤v≤3 (wt); 0≤w≤3 (wt); and x+y≥0.4: The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the catalyst has a composition 1(AlO).1(TiO).1(ZnO).12.5(MMS).4.2(MLTA) or 1(AlO).1(TiO).1(ZnO).2.3(MMS).8.3(MLTA).56-. (canceled)7: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has an average pore diameter between about 10 Å and about 500 Å claim 1 , a surface area between about 1 m/g and about 100 m/g claim 1 , and/or a pore volume between about 0.01 cm/g and 1 cm/g.813-. (canceled)14: A method of performing an esterification and/or a transesterification of a starting material claim 1 , comprising reacting the starting material with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst as ...

(meth)acrylate production system

A (meth)acrylate production system having a reactor (A 1 ) provided with a distillation column ( 2 ) and a distillation apparatus (B 3 ) provided with a distillation column ( 4 ). A condensing apparatus ( 6 ) is provided at the top of the distillation column ( 2 ). The condensing apparatus ( 6 ) and a switching apparatus ( 7 ) are connected via a pipe ( 5 b ), the switching apparatus ( 7 ) and the top of the distillation column ( 2 ) are connected via a pipe ( 5 c ), the switching apparatus ( 7 ) and a liquid separation apparatus ( 8 ) are connected via a pipe ( 5 d ), the top of the liquid separation apparatus ( 8 ) and the distillation column ( 2 ) are connected via pipe ( 5 e ), the bottom of the liquid separation apparatus ( 8 ) and the distillation apparatus (B 3 ) are connected via a pipe ( 50 , the top of the distillation column ( 4 ) is connected with a condensing apparatus ( 9 ) via a pipe ( 10 a ), the condensing apparatus ( 9 ) and a switching apparatus ( 11 ) are connected via a pipe ( 10 b ), the switching apparatus ( 11 ) and the top of the distillation column ( 4 ) are connected via a pipe ( 10 c ), the switching apparatus ( 11 ) and a recovery unit ( 12 ) are connected via a pipe ( 10 d ), and the bottom of the distillation apparatus (B 3 ) is connected with the pipe ( 5 d ) between the switching apparatus ( 7 ) and the liquid separation apparatus ( 8 ) via a pipe ( 10 e ).

ESTER FORMATION OF FATTY ACID AND HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACID

The present invention relates to a process for the transesterification of a fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol and a salt hydroxycarboxylic acid without making use of organic solvents. The process can also be carried out without added anionic surface active agents. 1. A process for the preparation of a salt of a fatty acid ester of hydroxycarboxylic acid which comprises heating a salt of hydroxycarboxylic acid with a catalyst in admixture with a C8-C24 fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which there exists a liquid phase and subjecting the mixture to ester interchange whereby the temperature of the process is kept at or below the boiling point of the C8-C24 fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms.2. The process according to wherein the heating of a salt of hydroxycarboxylic acid with a catalyst in admixture with a C8-C24 fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms occurs in the absence of an organic solvent.3. The process of wherein the temperature is kept between the melting temperature of the salt of hydroxycarboxylic acid and the boiling point of the C8-C24 fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon.4. The process of wherein said hydroxycarboxylic acid is lactic acid.5. The process according to wherein said C8-C24 fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms is a C8-C18 fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms.6. The process of wherein the lower alcohol of said fatty acid ester has 1-2 carbon atoms.7. The process of wherein the fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms is methyl laurate.8. The process of wherein said catalyst is alkaline-OR wherein R is H or Me.9. The process of wherein said salt of hydroxycarboxylic acid is sodium lactate.10. The process of wherein the molar ratio of salt hydroxycarboxylic acid to the fatty acid ester of a lower alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms is from 0.2 to 20 mols per mol.11. The ...

PROCESS FOR ACRYLATE PRODUCTION

Disclosed are methods for the continuous flow production of acrylic acid and derivatives thereof from an epoxide feedstock. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of: contacting a process stream comprising ethylene oxide and an organic solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to provide a reaction stream containing beta propiolactone; applying the reaction stream containing the beta propiolactone to a nanofiltration membrane to produce a permeate stream containing beta lactone and a retentate stream containing carbonylation catalyst; and treating the permeate stream under conditions to convert the beta propiolactone into an acrylate ester. In some embodiments, the retentate stream is returned to the first step of the process where it is recharged with additional epoxide and passed through the sequence again. 1. A method for the production of an acrylate ester from ethylene oxide in a continuous flow process , the method comprising the steps of:a) contacting a process stream comprising ethylene oxide and an organic solvent with a carbonylation catalyst in the presence of carbon monoxide to provide a reaction stream containing beta propiolactone formed from the ethylene oxide; i) a permeate stream comprising beta propiolactone and a first portion of the organic solvent, and', 'ii) a retentate stream comprising carbonylation catalyst and a second portion of the organic solvent; and, 'b) applying the reaction stream containing the beta propiolactone to a nanofiltration membrane to producec) treating the permeate stream under conditions to convert the beta propiolactone into an acrylate ester.2. A method for the production of poly(3-hydroxy propionic acid) from ethylene oxide in a continuous flow process , the method comprising the steps of:a) contacting a process stream comprising ethylene oxide and an organic solvent with a carbonylation catalyst in the presence of carbon monoxide to provide a reaction stream containing beta propiolactone ...

REACTIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY PROCESS FOR EQUILIBRIUM-LIMITED REACTIONS

The present disclosure provides for a process for an equilibrium limited reaction using reactive chromatography unit (RCU) in which a first organic donor reactant (FODR) and a second organic acceptor reactant (SOAR) react to form a product mixture of a first acceptor product (FAP) and a second donor co-product (SDCP). The equilibrium-limited reaction does not produce water. The RCU has separation media to separate the product mixture into a raffmate and an extract. The FODR is in a stoichiometric deficit relative to the SOAR for the equilibrium limited reaction, so that the SOAR acts as the eluent for both the raffmate and the extract, and so as not to produce an azeotrope of FODR and the SDCP in the extract.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR HYDROCARBON FUNCTIONALIZATION

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of hydrocarbon functionalization, methods and systems for converting a hydrocarbon into a compound including at least one group ((e.g., hydroxyl group) (e.g., methane to methanol)), functionalized hydrocarbons, and the like. 1. A method , comprising:{'sub': a', 'n', '4', '4', '3', '3, 'sup': +', '+', '+, 'mixing AX, an iodine-based compound, and a source of functionalization to form a first mixture, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, transition metals, aluminum, gallium, thallium, indium, tin, sulfur, ammonium (NH), alkylammonium. phosphonium (PH), alkylphosphonium, arylphosphonium, or trimethyl sulfonium ([S(CH)]) and a combination thereof, wherein X is chlorine, wherein subscript “a” is an oxidation state of X and subscript “n” is an oxidation state of A; and'}mixing the first mixture with a hydrocarbon in the gas phase to make a functionalized hydrocarbon.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:converting the functionalized hydrocarbon to a compound including at least one group selected from the group consisting of: hydroxyl, halide, carbonyl, and a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the compound is selected from an alcohol or glycol.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the compound is methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , or propanol.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of: methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , propane claim 1 , butane claim 1 , and a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is aliphatic.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is aromatic.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein AXis selected from the group consisting of: HCl claim 1 , NaCl claim 1 , KCl claim 1 , CaCl claim 1 , LiCl claim 1 , ZnCl claim 1 , BeCl claim 1 , MgCl claim 1 , PCl claim 1 , NHCl claim 1 , CCl claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING BIODEGRADABLE LUBRICANT BASE OILS

The invention discloses an improved process for preparing fatty acid esters with 100 mol % selectivity suitable as biodegradable lubricant base oils, comprising contacting a fatty compound with an alcohol in presence of a solid, phosphonate catalyst having molecular formula: M(X)2-nYn.mH2O where X refers to phenyl phosphonate, Y refers to HPO42− or HPO32−, M refers to a metal or metalloid ion preferably taken from the group consisting of Zr, Zn, Cd, Al, Sn, La and Ce, the value of n varies from 0.2 to 1.8 and the value of m varies from 0 to 5, wherein the fatty compound is a fatty acid or fatty acid methyl or ethyl ester or vegetable oil or animal fat or their mixture thereof and alcohol is a monohydric alcohol with 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a polyol with at least two hydroxyl groups. 2. The process according to step (b) of claim 1 , wherein the fatty compound used is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid or fatty acid methyl ester claim 1 , fatty acid ethyl ester claim 1 , vegetable oil or animal fat or their mixture thereof.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the fatty acid in the fatty compound possesses 8 to 24 carbon atoms.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein alcohol used is a linear or branched monohydric alcohol containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a polyol with at least two hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane claim 1 , neopentylglycol claim 1 , pentaerythritol claim 1 , glycerol and carbohydrate.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid ester is mono- or di- or triesters or the mixtures thereof of fatty acid and alcohol.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction is conducted in a batch or continuous fixed-bed reaction mode.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out under vacuum of 0.01 to 0.9 bar.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is hydrophobic with water adsorption capacity in the range of 0-2.5 wt % and ...

POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF

Provided herein are methods that utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a substrate for further conversion to C4 and C5 compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can undergo esterification to yield alkyl hydroxyalkanoates and alkyl alkenoates, which may serve as useful precursors in the production of alkadienes and alkenedioic acids, including for example butadiene and butenedioic acid. 146-. (canceled)47. A method , comprising contacting a polyhydroxyalkanoate with an alcohol to convert at least a portion of the polyhydroxyalkanoate to an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate , an alkyl alkenoate , or a mixture thereof , wherein:(i) the alcohol is a critical alcohol, a supercritical alcohol or a near-critical alcohol; or(ii) the method further comprises heating the polyhydroxyalkanoate and the alcohol to critical, supercritical or near-critical conditions to produce the alkyl hydroxyalkanoate, the alkyl alkenoate, or a mixture thereof; orboth (i) and (ii).48. The method of claim 47 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate is contacted with the alcohol at a temperature between 150° C. and 350° C.; and at a pressure between 500 psi and 3000 psi.49. The method of claim 47 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate is contacted with the alcohol for a residence time sufficient to produce the alkyl hydroxyalkanoate in excess of the alkyl alkenoate.50. The method of claim 47 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate is contacted with the alcohol for a residence time sufficient to produce the alkyl alkenoate in excess of the alkyl hydroxyalkanoate.51. The method of claim 47 , further comprising contacting the polyhydroxyalkanoate with the alcohol in the presence of a solvent claim 47 , a base claim 47 , or both a solvent and a base claim 47 , to convert at least a portion of the polyhydroxyalkanoate to the alkyl hydroxyalkanoate claim 47 , the alkyl alkenoate claim 47 , or a mixture thereof.52. The method of claim 51 , wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent.53. The method of claim 51 , wherein the solvent ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINIC COMPOUNDS AND A HYDROCARBON FUEL OR A FRACTION THEREOF

The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefinic compounds that can be used for the production of detergents, additives, lubricants and/or plastic materials, or components which can be used in the field of oil explorations and productions, and a hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof, which comprises subjecting a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, to metathesis reaction and, after separating the olefinic mixture obtained, effecting a hydrodeoxygenation and subsequently hydroisomerization process, so as to obtain the hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof. 118-. (canceled)19. A process for producing olefinic compounds and a hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '6', '6', '18, '(a) subjecting to metathesis reaction a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain with at least one C-Cmonoolefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst, to obtain a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain with a carbon length less than an initial carbon length, and a mixture of C-Colefins;'}{'sub': 6', '18, '(b) separating the mixture of C-Colefins from the mixture of glycerides obtained by step (a);'}(c) subjecting the mixture of glycerides obtained by step (b) to a transesterification reaction with an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and mixtures thereof, to obtain a mixture of methyl esters, ethyl esters, or both, and glycerol;(c′) separating the glycerol from the mixture of methyl esters, ethyl esters, or both;and then (c″) separating a stream consisting essentially of methyl esters, ethyl esters, or both, having an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain from methyl esters, ethyl esters, or both, having a saturated hydrocarbon chain in the mixture; and(d) hydrodeoxygenating the stream of the methyl esters, ethyl esters, or both, having a saturated hydrocarbon chain, obtained by step (c″) to produce an ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-ISOPROPENYL-5-METHYL-4-HEXEN-1-YL 3-METHYL-2-BUTENOATE

Provided is a method for industrially producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate, which is, for example, a sex pheromone substance of vine mealybug. More specifically, there is provided a method for producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate, comprising a step of transesterifying 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-ol represented by Formula (1) with alkyl senecioate represented by General Formula (2) in the presence of a catalyst, while distilling off an alcohol represented by General Formula (4) formed as a by-product, to obtain 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate represented by Formula (3). 2. The method for producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a Lewis acid containing a titanium atom claim 1 , a tin atom or an aluminum atom. This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-244181, filed Dec. 2, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.The present invention relates to 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (generic name: lavandulyl senecioate) as a sex pheromone component of vine mealybug (scientific name: ).Vine mealybug (scientific name: ) is known as one of major insects of grapevines and damages fruits of grapevines, causing serious problems such as reductions in the yield and the crop quality. At the present time, insecticides are used to control the vine mealybug without sufficient success. Because of concerns about the environment and human health affected by the use of insecticides, there is a demand for the development of novel insect pest control methods such as mating disruption and mass trapping by using sex pheromone substances.The sex pheromone substance that is secreted by females of the vine mealybug and is used for reproductive behavior is 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (generic name: lavandulyl ...

Method for preparing fatty acid alkyl ester using fat

Disclosed is a method for preparing fatty acid alkyl ester for bio-diesel fuels by reacting a raw material containing fat with water to prepare fatty acid, and then reacting the prepared fatty acid with alcohol. The method for preparing fatty acid alkyl ester for bio-diesel fuels includes the steps of: preparing fatty acid and glycerin by an hydrolysis reaction of a raw material containing fat and water at the temperature of 200 to 280° C. and the pressure of 30 to 80 bar; carrying out a phase separation of the fatty acid and the glycerin; and carrying out an esterification reaction of the separated fatty acid and alcohol at the temperature of 200 to 350° C. and the pressure of atmospheric pressure to 35 bar.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING TAPINAROF

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and novel intermediates used therein. In some embodiments the 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene is prepared from (E)-2-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-styrylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. Also disclosed are crystal forms of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same. 2. The process according to in which X is Cl and the process step (a)(i) is carried out using a chlorination reagent selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 1 ,3-dichloro-5 claim 1 ,5-dimethylhydantoin claim 1 , N-chlorosuccinimide and trichloroisocyanuric acid.3. The process according to wherein the conversion step (a)(ii) is carried out in the presence of an additive reagent which is a quaternary ammonium salt.4. The process according to wherein the additive reagent is a quaternary ammonium chloride salt.5. The process according to wherein the quaternary ammonium chloride salt is selected from the group consisting of benzyltriethylammonium chloride claim 4 , tetrabutylammonium chloride claim 4 , tetraethylammonium chloride claim 4 , and tetramethylammonium chloride.6. The process according to wherein the conversion is carried out in a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile claim 3 , toluene claim 3 , 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran claim 3 , isopropyl acetate claim 3 , acetone and methyl isobutyl ketone.8. The process according to which comprises a decarboxylation in the presence of a base.9. The process according to wherein the base is triethylamine.10. The process according to wherein esterification is performed using methanol and hydrochloric acid.11. The process according to wherein cyclization is performed using potassium tert-butoxide.12. The process according to wherein the compound of Formula (III) or a salt thereof is acidified and isolated by precipitation with ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR HYDROCARBON FUNCTIONALIZATION

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of hydrocarbon functionalization, methods and systems for converting a hydrocarbon into a compound including at least one group ((e.g., hydroxyl group) (e.g., methane to methanol)), functionalized hydrocarbons, and the like. 1. A method , comprising:{'sub': a', 'n', '4', '4', '3', '3, 'sup': +', '+', '+, 'mixing AX, an iodine-based compound, and a source of functionalization to form a first mixture, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, transition metals, aluminum, gallium, thallium, indium, tin, sulfur, ammonium (NH), alkylammonium. phosphonium (PH), alkylphosphonium, arylphosphonium, or trimethyl sulfonium ([S(CH)]) and a combination thereof, wherein X is chlorine or bromine, wherein subscript “a” is an oxidation state of X and subscript “n” is an oxidation state of A; and'}mixing the first mixture with a hydrocarbon in the gas phase; andpressurizing and heating the mixture with a computer system to make a functionalized hydrocarbon.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:converting the functionalized hydrocarbon to a compound including at least one group selected from the group consisting of: hydroxyl, halide, carbonyl, and a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the compound is selected from an alcohol or glycol.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the compound is methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , or propanol.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of: methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , propane claim 1 , butane claim 1 , and a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is aliphatic.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is aromatic.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein AXis selected from the group consisting of: HCl claim 1 , NaCl claim 1 , KCl claim 1 , CaCl claim 1 , LiCl claim 1 , ZnCl claim 1 ...

3,6-DICHLOROSALICYLIC ACID COMPOUNDS AND RELATED SYNTHETIC PROCESSES

The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba. 27-. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent is chlorine gas.9. (canceled)10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium comprises sulfuric acid.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium comprises oleum.1272-. (canceled)73. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium is maintained at a temperature from about 0° C. to about 100° C. during the contacting step.7477-. (canceled)7987-. (canceled)8993-. (canceled)9596-. (canceled)99. The process of claim 98 , wherein the process further comprises modifying the acidic reaction medium to provide an acidic reaction medium comprising oleum after formation of the compound or salt of Formula (VI) claim 98 , and contacting the compound or salt of Formula (VI) with the second chlorinating agent without first isolating the compound or salt of Formula (VI) from the reaction medium to provide the compound of Formula (III);wherein:{'sup': '1', 'sub': '1-6', 'Ris hydrogen or C-alkyl;'}{'sup': '2', 'sub': '1-6', 'Ris hydrogen or C-alkyl; and'}the first chlorinating agent and the second chlorinating agent can be the same or different.100. The process of claim 98 , wherein the compound or salt of Formula (VI) is isolated from the reaction mixture and subsequently contacted with the second chlorinating agent to provide the compound or salt of Formula (III).103. (canceled)105107-. (canceled)109. (canceled)111123-. (canceled)126. The process of claim 124 , wherein Ris hydrogen claim 124 , and the process further comprises selectively methylating ...

(METH)ACRYLATED COMPOUNDS BASED ON RECYCLED PET

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polyester (meth)acrylate resin (I), said process comprising the steps of: (a) Reacting a thermoplastic polyester with (a1) at least one polyhydric alcohol and, optionally, with (a2) at least one triglyceride, wherein the molar ratio of triglyceride to thermoplastic polyester is between 0 and 0.3, and the molar ratio of polyhydric alcohol to thermoplastic polyester is at most 1.9 to obtain a depolymerization product A that has a hydroxyl number within the range of from 200 to 800 mg KOH/g; (b) Reacting the depolymerization product A with (b1) at least one fatty acid and/or (b2) at least one polybasic carboxylic acid and, optionally, with (b3) at least one polyhydric alcohol to provide a polyester polyol B; (c) Reacting the polyester polyol B with (c) at least one (meth)acrylating compound to provide a (meth)acrylated compound (I), wherein the weight ratio of fatty acid (b 1) to the depolymerization product A is between 0 and 0.6, wherein the weight ratio of polybasic carboxylic acid (b2) to the depolymerization product A is less than 0.3, wherein the weight ratio of (meth)acrylating compounds (c) to the depolymerization product A is between 0.1 and 0.8, and wherein the (meth)acrylated compound (I) that is obtained has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of between 500 and 5,000 Dalton. Typically PET is used as starting material. Typically compounds (I) of the invention have a PET content of at least 15 wt %, preferably at least 25 wt %. The present invention also relates to (meth)acrylated compounds (I) thus obtained and to coating compositions and inks based upon these materials. Materials of the invention allow the use of a high amount of PET waste. Inks and coatings prepared from these materials exhibit an excellent pigment wetting and/or ink-water balance. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of polyhydric alcohol (a1) to thermoplastic polyester is lower than 1.8.3. The process of claim ...