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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 4085. Отображено 100.
26-07-2012 дата публикации

Plant-based polycarbonate resin and production method thereof

Номер: US20120190812A1
Автор: Fusao Hojo, Hiroyuki Kagawa, Yoshiaki Okabe
Принадлежит: HITACHI LTD

Provided is an environmentally friendly novel plant-based polycarbonate resin. Specifically, disclosed are: a plant-based polycarbonate resin which is a polymer derived from a plant-based material having a plurality of hydroxyl groups, in which molecules of the plant-based material are linked to each other through carbonate groups to form the polymer; and a production method of the polycarbonate resin.

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Номер записи: 1
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Lignin Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Номер: US20120282467A1
Автор: Kiran Kadam, Krishnan V. Iyer, Michel A. Simard
Принадлежит: Renmatix Inc

Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.

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Номер записи: 2
04-04-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF LIGNINS AND SUGARS FROM AN EXTRACTION LIQUOR

Номер: US20130085269A1
Автор: BENJELLOUN MLAYAH Bouchra, DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A process for the separation of lignins and sugars from an extracted liquor, including, in the form of dry matter (DM), lignins and sugars, includes: a) concentrating the extracted liquor, in order to obtain a liquor having dry matter in a proportion of between 60 and 70%; b) mixing the concentrated liquor with water in equal parts by weight; c) stirring the mixture in order to disperse the lignins and to obtain a stable suspending of the lignins; d) filtering the solution, wherein the mixing is carried out by introducing the concentrated liquor into the water; and the temperature of the solution, during the suspending, is between 50° C. and 60° C. 2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said stirring of the solution is carried out by rotating.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , after the filtration stage d) claim 1 , the filtered material is dried in order to obtain lignins as a powder claim 1 , the size of the particles of which is between 20 and 50 microns.4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said dry matter comprises claim 1 , by weight claim 1 , approximately 50% of lignins and approximately 50% of sugars and other products.5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , at 50° C. claim 1 , the viscosity of the solution is equal to approximately 0.26 Pa·s and the density of the solution is equal to approximately 1.074.6. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the suspension obtained in stage c) is stable claim 1 , at ambient temperature claim 1 , for at least two hours.7. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said extracted liquor is obtained from a process for the production of paper pulp claim 1 , lignins claim 1 , sugars and acetic acid which comprises the successive stages consisting (i) in bringing together annual or perennial plants claim 1 , used in all or part claim 1 , which constitute the initial lignocellulose starting material ...

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Номер записи: 3
18-04-2013 дата публикации

HIGHLY EFFICIENT LIGNIN-BASED WATER-REDUCING AGENT WITH HIGH DEGREE OF SULFONATION AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20130096285A1
Автор: Lou Hongming, Ouyang Xinping, Pang Yuxia, Qiu Xueqing, Yang Dongjie, Yi Conghua
Принадлежит:

This invention discloses a high-performance lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight and its preparation method. This water reducer exhibits an excellent water-reducing performance, its water-reducing rate of this lignin-based water reducer reaches 25% at a dosage of 0.70 wt %, which is higher than that of the naphthalene-based water reducer and the sulfonated lignin water reducer prepared by oxidation and sulfonation of alkali lignin, and 28-days compressive strength ratio of the concrete with this water reducer to the concrete without this water reducer is up to 150:100. Furthermore, the water reducer of present invention will not be crystallized in winter, and the concrete iron won't be corroded. The water reducer of the present invention makes the concretes having a low bleeding rate, excellent properties of workability, anti-freeze and anti-carbonization. 1. A process for preparing a lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight consists of following steps:(1) adding industrial lignin into water, enabling the concentration of said industrial lignin up to 30˜60% by weight, then adjusting the pH of solution to 9-14, and elevating the temperature of said solution to 50-100° C.;(2) adding dihydroxyketone into said industrial lignin solution, and keeping the reaction for 0.5 hour to 2 hours;(3) adding sulfonating agent into the above solution, and keeping the sulfonation reaction at temperature of 80-100° C. for 1 hour to 5 hours;(4) the lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight being yielded after the temperature being decreased to room temperature.2. The process according to claim 1 , the ratio of said industrial lignin: said dihydroxyketone: said sulfonating agent is 100:20-50:30-200 by weight.3. The process according to claim 1 , said industrial lignin is one or more agents selected from wood pulp alkali lignin claim 1 , bamboo pulp ...

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Номер записи: 4
23-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF PRECIPITATED LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND PRECIPITATED LIGNIN PRODUCED BY THE PROCESS

Номер: US20130131326A1
Автор: Björk Maria, Englund Ingrid, Garoff Niklas, Hannus Mikael
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a process tor the production of precipitated lignin from black liquor wherein the process comprises the steps of providing a black liquor stream treating the black liquor at an increased temperature and precipitating the lignin from the heat treated black liquor. The present invention further relates to precipitated lignin produced according to the process and use of the precipitated lignin produced. 1. Process for the production of precipitated lignin from black liquor wherein the process comprises the steps of:providing a black liquor stream,treating the stream of black liquor at an increased temperature andprecipitating the lignin from the heat treated black liquor.2. Process according to wherein the lignin is precipitated by decreasing the pH of the black liquor.3. Process according to wherein the temperature of the black liquor is increased to 150-200° C. claim 1 , preferably 170-190° C.4. Process according to wherein the black liquor is treated at increased temperature for 1-60 minutes claim 1 , preferably 1-5 minutes.5. Process according to wherein pH of the black liquor is at least partly reduced before the heat treatment.6. Process according to wherein the black liquor before the heat treatment has a solid content of between 30-50% ts.7. Precipitated lignin produced according to the process described in .8. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the average molecular weight of the lignin is reduced.9. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the degree of impurity with respect to residual hemicellulose is reduced.10. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the filterability of the precipitated lignin is improved.11. A solution comprising a solvent and precipitated lignin according to wherein the solution has decreased viscosity and lower degree of impurity with respect to hemicellulose.12. The use of precipitated lignin according to in biorefinery-related applications or energy recovery.13. The use of ...

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Номер записи: 5
11-07-2013 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR RECOVERY OF DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN

Номер: US20130178563A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Yurevich, BERLIN Alex, DELLICOLLI Humbert Thomas, GRUNERT Chadrick Adam Nathaniel Jordan, MAXIMENKO GUTMAN Vera, ORTIZ Darwin, PYE Edward Kendall
Принадлежит: LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD.

The present disclosure relates to processes for recovery of derivatives of native lignin from lignocellulosic feedstocks wherein the derivatives have a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that stable and predictable antioxidant activity is provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. 1. A process for recovering a lignin derivative from a feedstock comprising softwood biomass , the lignin derivative having an aliphatic hydroxyl content of 7.0 mmol/g or less , wherein the process comprises:pulping the feedstock with a selected organic solvent (ETHANOL) supplemented with a selected acid catalyst (pH) for a selected period of time (TIME) at a selected temperature (TEMPERATURE) to produce a cellulosic solids fraction and a extractives liquid fraction;separating the cellulosic solids fraction from the extractives liquid fraction; andrecovering the lignin derivative from the extractives liquid fraction.2PiceaPinus. A process according to claim 1 , wherein softwood feedstock comprises spp claim 1 , spp. claim 1 , and combinations/hybrids thereof.3Picea. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the softwood feedstock comprises spp. and the parameters ETHANOL claim 2 , pH claim 2 , TIME claim 2 , and TEMPERATURE are selected to satisfy the equation: 65.2341−0.689028*Temperature+0.170969*Ethanol+0.0217104*pH*Temperature−0.0267202*pH*Ethanol−0.000116382*Time*Temperature+0.000382542*Time*Ethanol+0.00156337*Temperature*Temperature−0.00113549+Ethanol*Ethanol≦7 mmol/g.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the recovered lignin derivative falls within the graphical representation of .5Pinus radiata. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the softwood feedstock is a spp. and the parameters ETHANOL claim 1 , pH claim 1 , TIME claim 1 , and TEMPERATURE are selected to satisfy the equation: 44.4758−17.3944*pH−0.342106*Temperature+0.373582*Ethanol−0.0133583*pH*Time+0.124198*pH*Temperature+0. ...

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Номер записи: 6
18-07-2013 дата публикации

THERMOPLASTIC LIGNIN FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBERS

Номер: US20130183227A1
Автор: Stüsgen Silke, Wohlmann Bernd, WÖLKI Michael
Принадлежит: TOHO TENAX EUROPE GMBH

A fusible lignin has a gas transition temperature in the range between 90 and 160° C. determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a molar mass distribution with a dispersivity of less than 28, determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), an ash content of less than 1 wt. %, and a proportion of volatile components of a maximum of 1 wt. %. Also provided is a precursor fiber based on the fusible lignin, as well as a method for the production thereof Also provided is a method for producing a carbon fiber from the precursor fiber. 1. A fusible lignin which has{'sub': 'G', 'a glass transition temperature Tin the range between 90 and 160° C. determined using differential scanning calorimetry according to DIN 53765-1994,'}a molar mass distribution with a dispersivity of less than 28, determined using gel permeation chromatography,an ash content of less than1 wt. %, determined according to DIN EN ISO 3451-1, and{'sub': 'G', 'a proportion of volatile components of at most 1 wt. %, determined by the weight loss after 60 minutes at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature Tand at standard pressure.'}2. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution is monomodal.3. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution is monomodal and without shoulders.4. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusible lignin has a proportion of volatile components of a maximum of 0.8 wt. % claim 1 , determined by the weight loss after 60 minutes at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature Tand at standard pressure.5. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusible lignin has a glass transition temperature in the range between 110 and 150° C.6. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution has a dispersivity lower than 15.7. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusable lignin has an ash content ...

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Номер записи: 7
01-08-2013 дата публикации

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM ANNUAL FIBRE FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20130197135A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Yurevich, BERLIN Alex, DELLICOLLI Humbert Thomas, GRUNERT Chadrick Adam Nathaniel Jordan, Gutman Vera Maximenko, ORTIZ Darwin, PYE Edward Kendall
Принадлежит: LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD.

The present invention provides derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that consistent and predictable antioxidant activity may be provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. 1. A thermoplastic composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.7. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.8. A polyolefin composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.9. A method of producing an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , comprising:a) pulping a fibrous biomass;b) heating the pulp;c) maintaining the elevated temperature for 1 minute or longer;d) separating the cellulosic pulp from the lignin rich pulp; ande) recovering derivatives of native lignin, wherein the derivatives have an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 9 , dilute acid hydrolysis ...

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Номер записи: 8
08-08-2013 дата публикации

Lignophenol derivative, resin composition, and resin molded article

Номер: US20130203901A1
Автор: Kenji Yao, Manabu Kawashima
Принадлежит: Fuji Xerox Co Ltd

A compound includes a lignophenol derivative having a weight average molecular weight in a range of 5000 to 10000, and satisfying the following formula (1): 3.0≦pH value≦4.5  (1) wherein the pH value is a determined value for a liquid mixture containing 0.2 g of the lignophenol derivative added to 40 ml of pure water.

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Номер записи: 9
08-08-2013 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE PRECIPITATION OF LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20130203972A1
Автор: Miettinen Mauno
Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

In a method for the continuous precipitation of lignin from black liquor black liquor is provided so as to flow as a pressurized flow in a reactor () with a dwell time of less than 300s,—an acidifying agent selected from the group of carbon dioxide, acid and their combinations is led to the flow at one or more feeding sites () to lower the pH of black liquor,—the pH is allowed to decrease by the effect of the acidifying agent in the pressurized flow to the precipitation point of lignin, the pressure of the pressurized flow is abruptly released, and lignin particles are separated from black liquor. 1. A method for the continuous precipitation of lignin from black liquor , in which method the pH of black liquor is lowered to the precipitation point of lignin and precipitated lignin is separated from black liquor , whereinblack liquor is provided so as to flow as a pressurized flow in a reactor with a dwell time of less than 300s,an acidifying agent selected from the group of carbon dioxide, acid and their combinations is led to the flow at one or more feeding sites to lower the pH of black liquor,the pH is allowed to decrease by the effect of the acidifying agent in the pressurized flow to the precipitation point of lignin,the pressure of the pressurized flow is abruptly released, andlignin particles are separated from black liquor .2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed in a turbulent manner after the addition of the acidifying agent to mix the acidifying agent into the flow.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed by a static mixer.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed by carbon dioxide to be led as the acidifying agent into the flow and/or by a secondary flow separated from the pressurized flow and led back to the flow.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is provided ...

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Номер записи: 10
08-08-2013 дата публикации

FERULOYL-CoA:MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE

Номер: US20130203973A1
Автор: Mansfield Shawn D., Ralph John, Wilkerson Curtis, Withers Saunia
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to nucleic acids encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase and the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzyme that enables incorporation of monolignol ferulates, for example, including p-coumaryl ferulate, coniferyl ferulate, and sinapyl ferulate, into the lignin of plants. 1. A transgenic poplar plant comprising an isolated nucleic acid encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase comprising a DNA with a SEQ ID NO:1 sequence.2. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase that can catalyze the synthesis of monolignol ferulate(s) from monolignol(s) and feruloyl-CoA.3. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 2 , wherein the monolignol is coniferyl alcohol claim 2 , p-coumaryl alcohol claim 2 , sinapyl alcohol or a combination thereof.4. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase polypeptide with a SEQ ID NO:2 sequence.5. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase is operably linked to a promoter functional in a plant host cell.6. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 5 , wherein the promoter is a poplar xylem-specific secondary cell wall specific cellulose synthase 8 promoter or a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter.7. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase is linked to a selectable marker gene.8. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased relative to an untransformed poplar plant.9. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased by at least 1% relative to an untransformed poplar plant.10. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased by at least 2-5% relative to an ...

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Номер записи: 11
15-08-2013 дата публикации

CARBON FIBRE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130211056A1
Автор: BERLIN Alex
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides derivatives of native lignin suitable for production of carbon fibres wherein the derivatives of native lignin have a certain alkoxy content and/or a certain carbon content. The present lignin derivatives can have acceptable spinnability performance characteristics for producing carbon fibres having acceptable tensile strengths and acceptable modulus of elasticity.

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Номер записи: 12
22-08-2013 дата публикации

PREPARATION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20130217868A1
Автор: Ertl Ortwin, Fackler Karin, Messner Kurt, Ters Thomas
Принадлежит: ANNIKKI GMBH

A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol, in particular with a Calcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature below 100° C., in particular from 40° C. to 90° C., in particular from 50° C. to 70° C., characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, in particular preferable 5 to 8 parts of base, are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol , water and a base , at a temperature below 100° C. , characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base , are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 10:90 to 90:10.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used a pulping period of 2 hours to 36 hours.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used as lignocellulosic material straw claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , and/or glumes.5. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that isopropanol is used as Calcohol.6. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that ethanol is used as Calcohol.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 40° C. to 90° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 50° C. to 70° C.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein 4 to 10 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein 5 to 8 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 20:80 to 40:60.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 60:40 to 90:10.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is ...

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Номер записи: 13
22-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20130217869A1
Автор: FRIEDL Anton, FUQAHA Halim, Messner Kurt, Srebotnik Ewald, Ters Thomas, ZIKELI Florian
Принадлежит: ANNIKKI GMBH

A method for the preparation of lignin, characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated, and, optionally, from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin; as well as a method for the preparation of a concentrated alkaline, alcoholic solution of lignin by membrane filtration; the use of the lignin thus prepared; and the isolation of hydroxy cinnamic acids from the solution, from which the lignin has been separated. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline , alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated , and , optionally , from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin.2. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution of lignin claim 1 , the precipitated higher-molecular lignin fraction is separated and from the solution obtained upon separation alcohol is removed claim 1 , in particular by vaporization claim 1 , vacuum vaporization claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , vacuum distillation claim 1 , in order to precipitate low-molecular lignin fractions.3. A method according to for preparing lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol claim 1 , in particular a Calcohol claim 1 , in particular ethanol claim 1 , water and a base claim 1 , in particular sodium hydroxide claim 1 , at a temperature below 100° C. claim 1 , in particular from 40° C. to 90° C. claim 1 , in particular from 50° C. to 70° C. claim 1 , in particular such claim 1 , that the concentration of the base claim 1 , based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose to be pulped claim 1 , is from 3 to 12% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 4 to 10% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 5 to 8% by weight claim 1 , characterized in that the lignin present in the alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution is separated from the solid claim ...

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Номер записи: 14
05-09-2013 дата публикации

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM SOFTWOOD FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20130228298A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Yurevich, BERLIN Alex, DELLICOLLI Humbert Thomas, GRUNERT Chadrick Adam Nathaniel Jordan, Gutman Vera Maximenko, ORTIZ Darwin, PYE Edward Kendall
Принадлежит: LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD.

The present invention relates to softwood lignin derivatives having an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g lignin, and the preparation method thereof. The lignin derivatives have a desired antioxidant activity characterized by radical scavenging index (RSI). Another aspect of the invention relates to compositions comprising the softwood lignin derivative. Another aspect of the invention relates to a use of the softwood lignin derivatives comprising incorporating the softwood lignin derivatives into polymer compositions. 1. A method of producing a softwood lignin derivative softwood lignin derivative said method comprising:a) pulping a fibrous biomass;b) heating the biomass;c) maintaining the elevated temperature for 1 minute or longer;d) separating the cellulosic pulp to form a lignin rich material; ande) recovering derivatives of native lignin wherein the derivatives have an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 1 , dilute acid hydrolysis claim 1 , ammonia fiber expansion claim 1 , autohydrolysis claim 1 , kraft and modifications thereof claim 1 , soda pulping and modifications thereof claim 1 , sulphite pulping claim 1 , and organosolv processes.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is a kraft process or a modification thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is an organosolv process.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.75 mmol/g to about 5 mmol/g.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous biomass comprises pine claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or combinations/hybrids thereof.7Pinus radiata, Pinus taeda. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous biomass comprises claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or combinations/hybrids thereof.8. ...

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Номер записи: 15
05-09-2013 дата публикации

LIGNIN DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20130231295A1
Автор: GU Yansong
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

An article including a lignin derivative, where the lignin derivative includes a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound. Also provided are methods of inhibiting microbial growth with an article including a lignin derivative. 1. An article comprising a lignin derivative , wherein the lignin derivative comprises a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound , and the article is a moldable thermoplastic material.23-. (canceled)4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial compound is a paraben.6. (canceled)910-. (canceled)13. The article of claim 12 , wherein L is —CHCH(OH)CH—.14. The article of claim 12 , wherein L is —CHCH(OH)CHOCHCH(OH)CH—.15. The article of claim 11 , wherein R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , and Rare each independently H or chloro.18. A method of inhibiting microbial growth claim 11 , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'contacting one or more microbes with an article according to .'}1923-. (canceled)2526-. (canceled)2831-. (canceled)32. The method of claim 24 , further comprising at least partially depolymerizing the lignin.33. (canceled)34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the depolymerizing comprises a hydrogenolysis reaction.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the hydrogenolysis reaction is conducted in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises nickel.37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal catalyst further comprises a carbene ligand.3839-. (canceled) The present technology relates to an article including a lignin derivative, where the lignin derivative includes a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound. Also provided are methods of inhibiting microbial growth with an article including a lignin derivative.The following description is provided to assist the understanding of the reader. None of the information provided or ...

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Номер записи: 16
12-09-2013 дата публикации

Method for tiered production of biobased chemicals and biofuels from lignin

Номер: US20130232852A1
Автор: Benjamin M.T. Scott, John R. Peterson, Vladimir Romakh
Принадлежит: Thesis Chemistry LLC

The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

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Номер записи: 17
12-09-2013 дата публикации

LIGNIN-BASED CONCRETE ADMIXTURES

Номер: US20130237694A1
Автор: Adam Georgius Abidal
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Methods for converting waste streams from the wood pulping industry to high-value concrete admixtures are described. For example, isolated lignin and lingnosulfonate or waste streams containing lignin and lingnosulfonate can be directly converted to the concrete admixtures, or they may be first converted to their methylol derivatives and treated with further reagents to produce the concrete admixtures. 1. A method of preparing a lignosulphonate methylol , the method comprising contacting lignosulphonate with an aldehyde compound to produce the lignosulphonate methylol; cooling the lignosulphonate methylol; and isolating the lignosulphonate methylol.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignosulphonate is in the form of spent pulp liquor claim 1 , sulphonated black liquor claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solid content of the spent pulp liquor or sulphonated black liquor is adjusted to about 50% to about 60% by weight prior to contacting the lignosulphonate with the aldehyde compound.412.-. (canceled)13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignosulphonate methylol is lignosulphonate monomethylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate dimethylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate trimethylol claim 1 , or lignosulphonate oligomethylol.14. The method claim 1 , wherein cooling is to about 0° C. to about 10° C.15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising neutralizing the cooled lignosulphonate methylol with a pre-cooled acid claim 14 , which is at about 0° C. to about 10° C. and is about 5% to about 10% acid by weight.16. (canceled)17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising dissolving the isolated lignosulphonate methylol in at least one alcohol.18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising drying the lignosulphonate methylol.19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising evaporating the alcohol under reduced pressure to produce the lignosulphonate methylol as a solid or semisolid residue.2021.-. (canceled)22. The method of claim 15 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 18
12-09-2013 дата публикации

LIGNIN-BASED SURFACTANTS

Номер: US20130237695A1
Автор: Adam Georgius Abidal
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Methods for converting waste streams from the wood pulping industry to high-value surfactants are described. For example, isolated lignin and lignosulfonate or waste streams containing lignin and lignosulfonate can be directly converted to surfactants, or they can be first converted to methylol derivatives and treated with further reagents to produce surfactants. 1. A method of preparing a surfactant , the method comprising contacting methylol groups in a lignin-based material with a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative in the presence of a catalyst to produce the surfactant.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin-based material is lignin methylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate methylol claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate is dextrose syrup claim 1 , glucose syrup claim 1 , or sucrose syrup.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate derivative is a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid claim 1 , a hydroxyl polycarboxylic acid claim 1 , an aminocarboxylic acid claim 1 , a lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , ammonium or calcium salt thereof claim 1 , or other natural carboxylic acid or salt thereof derived by oxidation or fermentation of a carbohydrate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lignin-based material to carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative is about 2:1 to about 1:2 based on moles of methylol groups in the lignin-based material to moles of the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lignin-based material to carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative is about 1:1 based on moles of methylol groups in the lignin-based material to moles of the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is phosphoric acid or paratoluene sulphonic acid.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the lignin-based material with the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative occurs with heating by a microwave ...

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Номер записи: 19
19-09-2013 дата публикации

FRACTIONATED EXTRACTIVE PRODUCTS FROM PLANT BIOMASS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

Номер: US20130244293A1
Автор: Balan Venkatesh, Cheh Albert, Chundawat Shishir, Dale Bruce E., Sousa Leonardo
Принадлежит: BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHINGAN STATE UNVERSITY

A method is provided comprising converting at least a portion of native cellulose I to cellulose IIIby treating plant biomass with liquid ammonia and/or one or more organic solvents to produce a treated plant biomass containing lignin and a lignin fraction; and extracting lignin and/or other plant cell wall components from the lignin fraction to produce a lignin extract capable of being fractionated. In one embodiment, the lignin extract is fractionated into separate components which are useful in a variety of applications. 1. A method comprising:{'sub': β', 'I, 'converting at least a portion of native cellulose I to cellulose IIIby treating plant biomass with liquid ammonia and/or one or more organic solvents to produce a treated plant biomass containing lignin and a lignin fraction; and'}extracting lignin and/or other plant cell wall components from the lignin fraction to produce a lignin extract capable of being fractionated.2. The method of wherein substantially all of the native cellulose I is converted to cellulose III claim 1 , further wherein β-aryl ether bonds in the lignin are preserved.3. The method of wherein the other cell wall components are selected from hemicellulose claim 1 , arabinan claim 1 , and combinations and degradation products thereof.4. The method of wherein the plant biomass is a monocot or dicot.5. The method of wherein the extracting step is a pretreatment step.6. The method of wherein the plant biomass comprises untreated plant biomass.7. The method of wherein the extracting step is performed simultaneously with a pretreatment step.8. The method of wherein the pretreatment step comprises liquid ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatment or gaseous AFEX pretreatment.9. The method of wherein the gaseous AFEX pretreatment step is a packed bed-AFEX (PB-AFEX) pretreatment step.10. The method of wherein the plant biomass comprises one or more densified biomass particulates.11. The method of wherein the liquid ammonia is selected from ...

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Номер записи: 20
26-09-2013 дата публикации

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN

Номер: US20130253075A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Yurevich, BERLIN Alex, DELLICOLLI Humbert Thomas, GRUNERT Chadrick Adam Nathaniel Jordan, Gutman Vera Maximenko, ORTIZ Darwin, PYE Edward Kendall
Принадлежит: LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD.

The present invention provides derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that consistent and predictable antioxidant activity may be provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. 1. A lignin derivative recovered from a pulping process of a lignocellulosic biomass , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from 0.001 mmol/g to 2.35 mmol/g.2. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of about 2.25 mmol/g or less.3. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of about 1.75 mmol/g or less.4. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of about 0.1 mmol/g or greater.5. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.6. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is derived from softwood biomass.7. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is derived from annual fibre biomass.8. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is derived from hardwood biomass.9. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 1 , dilute acid hydrolysis claim 1 , ammonia fiber expansion claim 1 , autohydrolysis claim 1 , kraft and modifications thereof claim 1 , soda pulping and modifications thereof claim 1 , sulphite pulping claim 1 , and organosolv processes.10. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is a kraft process or a modification thereof.11. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is an organosolv process.12. A composition comprising the lignin derivative according to and a polymer-forming component ...

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Номер записи: 21
24-10-2013 дата публикации

Polylactide-graft-lignin blends and copolymers

Номер: US20130281582A1
Автор: Clay Perbix, John R. Dorgan, Michael Paul Eyser
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention is directed to a PLA-graft-lignin polymers and copolymers and methods of making the same. As the lignocellulosic biorefining industry emerges as a viable fuels technology, the availability of the assortment of lignins will also expand. The use of lignins as a copolymer is one area where lignin may be utilized.

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Номер записи: 22
07-11-2013 дата публикации

PHOSPHONATE-SUBSTITUTED LIGNIN AS A FLAME RETARDANT

Номер: US20130292615A1
Автор: Brizius Glen Leon
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Modified lignin having covalently attached phosphorous containing groups and methods for preparing such compounds are described herein. The modified lignin described herein provides a renewable source of flame retardant material. 29.-. (canceled)10. The flame retardant of claim 1 , wherein each of Xand Xare independently substituted at one or more positions with a substituent R claim 1 , wherein R is independently selected from a group containing Cto Calkyl claim 1 , Cto Calkenyl claim 1 , Cto Calkynyl claim 1 , Cto Ccycloalkyl claim 1 , and Cto Caryl.11. (canceled)13. The flame retardant of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorous containing component comprises about 0.1% to about 50% by weight to the flame retardant.14. (canceled)15. The flame retardant of claim 1 , wherein the lignin comprises lignin sulfonates claim 1 , Kraft lignins claim 1 , soda lignins claim 1 , organosolv lignins claim 1 , softwood lignin claim 1 , hardwood lignin claim 1 , cellulosic grasses lignins claim 1 , corn stover lignins claim 1 , steam explosion lignins claim 1 , or combinations thereof.16. (canceled)17. A method for producing a flame retardant claim 1 , the method comprising:providing a lignin having free hydroxyl groups in a solvent;contacting the lignin and a phosphorous containing compound to provide a reaction mixture; andintroducing a catalyst into the reaction mixture;wherein the lignin reacts with the phosphorous containing compound to replace one or more free hydroxyl groups on the lignin with a phosphorous containing compound to produce the flame retardant.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the solvent comprises dimethyl sulfoxide claim 17 , dimethyl acetamide claim 17 , 1 claim 17 ,4-dioxane claim 17 , 1-methyl-2-pyrolidianone claim 17 , pyridine claim 17 , hexamethylphosphoramide claim 17 , N-methylpyrrolidone claim 17 , nitromethane claim 17 , dimethylformamide claim 17 , acetonitrile claim 17 , sulfolane claim 17 , or combinations thereof.19. The method of claim 17 , ...

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Номер записи: 23
14-11-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130303711A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) is provided in one example embodiment and includes precipitating a lignin, dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution, adding a reagent to the solution, adjusting the pH of the solution, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL. 1. A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) , the method comprising:precipitating a lignin;dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;adding a reagent to the solution;adjusting a pH of the solution;allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time;precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; andwashing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is a Kraft lignin precipitated by a Lignoboost process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is about four percent to about six percent sodium hydroxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to a range of about 11.5 pH to about 12.5 pH6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is propylene oxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a total weight of the propylene oxide added to the solution is about half a total weight of the precipitated lignin in the solution.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is precipitated by reducing the pH to below about 2.5 pH.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:adding sulfuric acid to reduce the pH.10. A trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend comprising: precipitating a lignin;', 'dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;', 'adding a reagent to the solution;', 'adjusting a pH of the solution;', ' ...

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Номер записи: 24
14-11-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130303738A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., McKellar Bernard Robert, Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

A method for producing an APL is provided in one example embodiment and includes mixing a solvent, a catalyst, a reagent, and a HPL to create a solution, raising the temperature of the solution to a first reaction temperature, raising the temperature of the solution to a second reaction temperature, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the APL. 1. A method for producing an acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) , comprising:mixing a solvent, a catalyst, a reagent, and a hydroxypropylated lignin (HPL) to create a solution;raising a temperature of the solution to a first reaction temperature;raising the temperature of the solution to a second reaction temperature;allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time;precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; andwashing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the APL.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is contains about three percent moisture.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is a fifty percent acetic acid solution.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is sodium acetate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is a fifty percent acetic anhydride solution.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:dissolving the catalyst in the solvent to create a solvent catalyst solution, wherein the catalyst is sodium acetate and the solvent is a fifty percent acetic acid solution;adding the HPL to the solvent catalyst solution; andadding the reagent to the solvent catalyst solution that contains the HPL, wherein the reagent is a fifty percent acetic anhydride solution.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the amount of HPL added to the solvent catalyst solution is about thirty percent of a total weight of the solvent catalyst solution.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solution is precipitated by adding a ...

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Номер записи: 25
12-12-2013 дата публикации

SEPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM PLANT MATERIAL

Номер: US20130331555A1
Автор: Mälkki Yrjö, Sipilä Jussi
Принадлежит:

Technology for separating lignin from alkaline solutions which arise in production of cellulose is presented. Isolated lignin can be applied, for instance, for production of carbon fibre, adhesives and binding materials, antioxidants and organic chemicals. Starting materials are non-woody plant materials, from which lignin is dissolved by sulphur free alkaline solutions at temperatures below 130° C. Lignin is precipitated by acid, and purified by hydrolyzing hemicellulose by acid or by enzymatic reactions or a combination of these. Lignin separated has a closely similar structure as lignin in plant material, and its content of functional atom groups can be controlled by changes in processing conditions. 1. Method for separating lignin from alkaline solutions obtained from plant materials or from fractions obtained from these by acid preparation , and purification of it , characterized by , thata) the alkaline treatment has been performed without use of sulphur containing chemicals,b) hemicellulose precipitating simultaneously is hydrolyzed to oligomer and monomer stage,c) lignin content of the final product is at least 80%.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that starting material used is alkaline solution obtained from non-woody plants.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that silica compounds are precipitated from the alkaline solution before precipitating the main part of hemicellulose and lignin.4. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that dissolving of lignin has been performed at temperatures not exceeding 130° C.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that the yield of lignin from the lignin content of the original plant material is at least 60%.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that the hydrolysis of hemicellulose and other carbohydrates is performed as an acid hydrolysis in a solution where the pH value is below 2.0.7. Method according to claim 6 ...

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Номер записи: 26
19-12-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130338347A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

In one example implementation, a trans-esterified HPL can include a HPL and a polyester including polyester chains. The polyester may be an aliphatic polyester, a semi-aromatic polyester, or an aromatic polyester. 1. A trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) comprising:a HPL; anda polyester including polyester chains.2. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein the polyester may be an aliphatic polyester claim 1 , a semi-aromatic polyester claim 1 , or an aromatic polyester.3. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein an acetate ester of the APL is used to swap carboxylic acid groups with alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains.4. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein polyester oligomer units are covalently-bonded to the HPL while one or more of the polyester chains are shortened and terminated with acetate esters.5. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein the trans-esterified HPL is represented by a formula R′COOR in which R′ represents the HPL and R represents the polyester.6. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein transesterification occurs with a replacement of one alcohol group in an ester by another different alcohol group.7. A trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) blend comprising:a HPL;a polyester including polyester chains; andone or more additives.8. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of catalysts claim 7 , compatibilizers claim 7 , odor neutralizers claim 7 , fragrances claim 7 , and process aids.9. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , further comprising:a plasticizer.10. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer reduces a glass transition temperature of the trans-esterified HPL.11. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , wherein the trans-esterified HPL blend comprises by weight:the HPL in the range of 1% to 99%;the polyester in the range of 1% to 99%; andthe one or more additives in the ...

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Номер записи: 27
02-01-2014 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF BIOMASS SUBSTRATES

Номер: US20140004563A1
Автор: DADI Anantharam, PARIPATI Praveen
Принадлежит: SUGANIT SYSTEMS, INC.

A system and method for the treatment of biomass comprising mixing a biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) to swell the biomass and electromagnetic (EM) heating, preferably radiofrequency (RF) heating, said biomass. Additionally, a method of acidolysis of biomass comprising mixing biomass in an ionic liquid (IL) to swell the biomass; adding an acid, to lower the pH of the biomass below pH 7; applying radio frequency (RF) heating to the biomass to heat to a target temperature range; applying ultrasonic heating, electromagnetic (EM) heating, convective heating, conductive heating, or combinations thereof, to the biomass to maintain the biomass at a target temperature range; washing the treated biomass; and recovering sugars and released lignin. 1. A method for the treatment of biomass comprising mixing a biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) to swell said biomass and electromagnetic (EM) heating , said swelled biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biomass is agricultural residues claim 1 , optionally corn stover claim 1 , wheat straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , rice hulls claim 1 , or rice straw; wood and forest residues claim 1 , optionally pine claim 1 , poplar claim 1 , douglas fir claim 1 , oak claim 1 , saw dust claim 1 , paper/pulp waste claim 1 , or wood fiber; algae; kudzu; coal; cellulose claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , herbaceous energy crops claim 1 , optionally switchgrass claim 1 , reed canary grass claim 1 , or miscanthus; lingocellulosic biomass claim 1 , optionally comprising lignin claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , and hemicellulose; plant biomass; or mixtures thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating comprises at least two phases claim 1 , a first phase comprising application of electromagnetic (EM) heating claim 1 , optionally a variable frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum claim 1 , variable frequency heating claim 1 , radiofrequency (RF) heating claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , and a second phase comprising application of ...

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Номер записи: 28
02-01-2014 дата публикации

LIGNIN DERIVATIVES HAVING POLYCATIONS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20140005129A1
Автор: GU Yansong
Принадлежит:

A lignin derivative including one or more polycations is provided and an article including such a lignin derivative is also provided. Methods of inhibiting microbial growth with an article including such a lignin derivative are further provided. 1. A lignin derivative , wherein the lignin derivative comprises one or more polycations.2. The lignin derivative of claim 1 , wherein the lignin derivative is an antimicrobial agent.3. The lignin derivative of claim 1 , wherein the lignin derivative comprises partially depolymerized lignin.4. The lignin derivative of claim 1 , wherein the lignin derivative is thermoplastic.6. The lignin derivative of claim 5 , wherein G comprises a group selected from a polyacrylate claim 5 , polyalkylacrylate claim 5 , polymethacrylate claim 5 , polyacrylamide claim 5 , polyolefin claim 5 , polyepoxide claim 5 , polyurethane claim 5 , and polyurea.7. The lignin derivative of claim 5 , wherein G is absent.9. (canceled)10. The lignin derivative of claim 8 , wherein R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , and Ris each independently H or C-Calkyl.11. (canceled)13. (canceled)15. The lignin derivative of claim 5 , wherein Ris a polypeptide having at least one or more amino acid residues selected from lysine claim 5 , histidine claim 5 , arginine claim 5 , tryptophan claim 5 , ornithine claim 5 , 2 claim 5 ,4-diaminobutyric acid and 2 claim 5 ,3-diaminopropionic acid claim 5 , and wherein at least one basic residue of the polypeptide is protonated.16. The lignin derivative of claim 5 , wherein Ris selected from poly(methylene-co-guanidine) claim 5 , poly-L-lysine claim 5 , ε-poly-L-lysine claim 5 , poly-L-ornithine claim 5 , poly-L-arginine claim 5 , poly-L-histidine claim 5 , poly-L-tryptophan claim 5 , poly-2 claim 5 ,4-diaminobutyric acid claim 5 , poly-2 claim 5 ,3-diaminopropionic acid claim 5 , and a protamine.17. The lignin derivative of claim 5 , wherein Ris poly(methylene-co-guanidine) or ε-poly-L-lysine.18. An article comprising a lignin ...

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Номер записи: 29
09-01-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MODIFYING LIGNIN STRUCTURE USING MONOLIGNOL FERULATE CONJUGATES

Номер: US20140011984A1
Автор: Grabber John H., Hatfield Ronald D., Lu Fachuang, Ralph John
Принадлежит: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Described is an isolated lignified plant cell wall including lignin, wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein, such as from coniferyl ferulate and/or sinapyl ferulate. Also described is a method to make the isolated lignified plant cell wall, and the lignin produced by the method. 1. An isolated lignified plant cell wall comprising lignin , wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein.2. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is selected from a monomer conjugate group consisting of coniferyl ferulate and sinapyl ferulate.3. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from maize.4. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from a tree.5. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 4 , derived from a tree of the family Myrtaceae claim 4 , Salicaceae claim 4 , or a hybrid thereof.6Salix, Eucalyptus, Corymbia,Angophora,. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 5 , derived from a tree of a genus selected from the group consisting of and or a hybrid thereof7. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from a eucalyptus tree claim 1 , a poplar tree claim 1 , a willow tree claim 1 , or a hybrid thereof.87. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of any one of - claims 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is derived from coniferyl ferulate.97. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of any one of - claims 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is derived from sinapyl ferulate.1020-. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/830,905 filed Jul. 6, 2010, which claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/213,706 filed Jul. 6, 2009, the entireties of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.All of the documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference.Lignin is a highly complex, heterogeneous polymer found in all vascular plants. It rigidifies ...

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Номер записи: 30
30-01-2014 дата публикации

Lignin production from lignocellulosic biomass

Номер: US20140030524A1
Автор: George Steven Dowe, Kiran Kadam, Michel A. Simard
Принадлежит: Renmatix Inc

Methods are disclosed for preparing lignin from lignocellulosic biomass using rapid full or partial pressure reduction to separate and pulverize the lignin without fouling the equipment and with improved energy recovery.

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Номер записи: 31
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Processes and apparatus for lignin separation in biorefineries

Номер: US20140034047A1
Автор: Kimberly Nelson, Mark SZCZEPANIK, Theodora Retsina, Vesa Pylkkanen
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

The present invention generally provides methods of improving lignin separation during lignocellulosic biorefining, comprising the steps of (i) catalyzing fractionation or hydrolysis with an acid to release sugars into an acidified solution containing lignin, (ii) neutralizing the acidified solution with a base to form a salt in a neutralized solution; (iii) in a separation unit, separating the salt and the lignin, each in free or combined form, from the neutralized solution; and then (iv) recycling a portion of the salt and optionally a portion of the lignin to step (i) to combine, physically or chemically, with the lignin, to improve lignin separation in the separation unit. In certain embodiments, the acid is a sulfur-containing acid and the base is lime, forming gypsum which is then recycled, in part, to the hydrolysis reactor.

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Номер записи: 32
06-02-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20140038246A1
Автор: Ertl Ortwin, Fackler Karin, Messner Kurt, Srebotnik Ewald, Ters Thomas
Принадлежит: ANNIKKI GMBH

A method for producing lignin derivatives from technical lignins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteases), characterized in that the proteolytic treatment of the technical lignins significantly reduces the molar mass thereof. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin derivatives from technical lignin or from a fraction obtained from technical lignin with a protease enzyme or with a mixture of different protease enzymes , characterized in that the molar mass of the technical lignin or of the fractions obtained from technical lignin is significantly reduced by treatment with the protease enzyme or the mixture of the different protease enzymes , respectively.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is obtained from lignocellulosic material claim 1 , in particular straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , in particular elephant grass claim 1 , switch grass and/or glumes claim 1 , in particular lemmas.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is lignin obtained by way of pulping lignocellulose.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is obtained from lignocellulosic material claim 1 , in particular wood claim 1 , wood fibres claim 1 , wood shavings and/or wood chips.54. The method according to any of - claims 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin obtained from lignocellulosic material is a lignosulfonate claims 1 , kraft lignin claims 1 , alkaline lignin and/or organosolv lignin.64. The method according to any of - claims 1 , characterized in that higher-molecular lignin fractions are used claims 1 , which have a protein percentage that is above average.7. The method according to any of to claims 1 , characterized in that the peptides and/or amino acids developing upon the treatment with protease enzymes are separated from the lignin claims 1 , in particular by means of membrane filtration and/or precipitation and/or ...

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Номер записи: 33
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Compositions Comprising Lignin

Номер: US20140039144A1
Автор: Kadam Kiran L., KILAMBI Srinivas, Simard Michel Adam
Принадлежит: RENMATIX, INC.

Compositions comprising lignin and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A phenolic resin:wherein at least a portion of said phenolic resin is produced by a reaction with a phenol substitute; lignin; and', 'less than about 2000 mg in total per kg of said lignin of elements;', 'wherein said elements are Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, TI, V, and Zn., 'wherein said phenol substitute comprises2. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin has an average particle size less than about 500 microns.3. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin has a bulk density of less than about 0.35 g/cc.4. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute is substantially free of organic solvent.5. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 700 mg of calcium per kg of said lignin.6. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 525 mg of iron per kg of said lignin.7. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 150 mg of sulfur per kg of said lignin.8. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 20 g of ash per kg of said lignin.9. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 2000 mg of nitrogen per kg of said lignin.10. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute has a weight ratio of the total mass of hydrogen and nitrogen to carbon of less than about 0.110.11. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin is present in said phenol substitute at a level of at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of said phenol substitute, as measured by pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry.12. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin is present in said phenol ...

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Номер записи: 34
06-02-2014 дата публикации

WATER BASED LIGNIN EPOXY RESINS, METHODS OF USING AND MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20140039146A1
Автор: Adam Georgius Abidal
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Water based lignoepoxy resins, and methods for their preparation and use are provided. Methods of making lignoepoxy resins without the use of volatile organic compounds are also provided. 1. A method of making a lignomethylol or a lignosulphonate methylol , the method comprising contacting a lignin or a lignosulphonate with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde or glyoxal under conditions sufficient to produce the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising epoxidizing the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol under basic pH conditions to produce a lignomethylol epoxy or a lignosulphonate methylol epoxy.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol with ammonia or an amino compound to produce aminolignin derivatives.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the amino compound is a monoethanolamine claim 4 , a monoalkylamine claim 4 , dialkylamine claim 4 , trialkyl amine claim 4 , ethylene diamine claim 4 , diethylenetriamine claim 4 , tetraethylene pentamine claim 4 , monoethanol amine claim 4 , diethanolamine claim 4 , triethanolamine claim 4 , isophorone diamine claim 4 , hydroxylamine claim 4 , or hydrazine.7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising drying the water soluble aminolignin.8. The method of claim 4 , further comprising contacting the amino lignin with anethanolamine claim 4 , a hydroxycarboxylic acid salt claim 4 , a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid claim 4 , an isocyanate terminated polyalkylene oxide claim 4 , an epichlorohydrine claim 4 , a hydroxycarboxylic acid salt claim 4 , or a polyhydroxylic acid salt to produce a surfactant.9. The method of claim 4 , further comprising contacting the aminolignin with epichlorohydrine at a temperature of about 0-10° C. to produce a ligno aminoepoxy resin.11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising contacting the ligno amino resin with phosgene claim 9 , carbon monoxide claim 9 , or carbon dioxide to ...

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Номер записи: 35
20-02-2014 дата публикации

Lignin-based nanostructures

Номер: US20140050924A1
Автор: Hector Mario CAICEDO, Luisa Amelia DEMPERE, Willem Evert Vermerris
Принадлежит: University of Florida Research Foundation Inc

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide lignin-based nanostructures including nanotubes and nanowires, methods of making and using the nanostructures, probes and compositions including the nanostructures, and the like.

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Номер записи: 36
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Method of Recovering Chemicals

Номер: US20140054506A1
Автор: MELIN Kristian, Parviainen Kari
Принадлежит: AALTO UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

A method of treating waste liquors which comprise organic compounds, in order to recover chemical compounds or to recycle chemicals. In the present method, the sodium-based waste liquor, which comprises organic compounds that are sourced from lignocellulose, is subjected to partial wet oxidation, in order to produce organic sodium salts, in which case the partial wet oxidation is carried out in conditions where at least part of the lignin is simultaneously precipitated. The precipitated filtrate or lignin is subjected to further processing. Most suitably, the organic sodium salts, such as Na acetate, which are generated in the partial oxidation of the waste liquor, are also subjected to further processing, in which case it is possible, from the lignin and the organic sodium salts, to efficiently produce compounds which as such are already of sufficient quality as chemicals, or which as gases are suitable for further processing, for instance for production of fuels. 2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that alkaline Na-based waste liquor from a biorefinery is subjected to partial wet oxidation.3. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that waste liquor is generated from alkali dissolution of wood chips claim 2 , or/and from alkalised hydrolysate of wood chips claim 2 , or/and from dissolving of lignin-bearing pulp claim 2 , or/and from alkalised hydrolysate of residual pulp.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that alkaline Na-based black liquor or waste liquor from a pulp mill is subjected to partial wet oxidation.5. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , after the partial wet oxidation and possible additional vaporisation claim 1 , bicarbonate claim 1 , carbonate or sulphate salts are precipitated.6. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the partial wet oxidised black liquor is led to separation claim 1 , where lignin claim 1 , bicarbonate and/or silicate compounds are ...

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Номер записи: 37
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Bahd acyltransferases

Номер: US20220002744A1
Автор: Brian Fox, Craig Bingman, Emily Beebe, Faride Unda, Heather Mackay, Hoon Kim, John Ralph, Rebecca Anne Smith, Shawn Mansfield, Steven D. Karlen, Yaseen Mottiar
Принадлежит: University of British Columbia, WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

The invention is directed to BAHD acyltransferase enzymes, nucleic acids encoding BAHD acyltransferase enzymes, and inhibitory nucleic acids adapted to inhibit the expression and/or translation of BAHD acyltransferase RNA; expression cassettes, plant cells, and plants that have or encode such nucleic acids and enzymes; and methods of making and using such nucleic acids, enzymes, expression cassettes, cells, and plants.

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Номер записи: 38
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Novel compositions and methods for depolymerizing lignin using a chelator-mediated Fenton reaction

Номер: US20190002490A1
Автор: Kent Michael S.
Принадлежит: National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC

The present invention provides for a method to depolymerize a lignin comprising: (a) mixing a lignin, a chelator, and FeClto produce a first solution, (b) optionally incubating the solution for a first suitable period of time, (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution to produce a second solution, and (d) optionally incubating the solution for a second suitable period of time; such that at least one aromatic ring of one lignin polymer is opened. 1. A method to depolymerize a lignin , the method comprising: (a) mixing a lignin , a chelator , and FeClto produce a first solution , (b) optionally incubating the solution for a first suitable period of time , (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution to produce a second solution , and (d) optionally incubating the solution for a second suitable period of time; such that at least one aromatic ring of one lignin polymer is opened.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic ring opened forms a polyacid as a result of the aromatic ring being opened.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polyacid comprises two carboxylic functional groups.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in a mixture of lignin polymers comprising more than one polymer wherein each polymer has at least one aromatic ring opened claim 1 , wherein optionally each polymer has the opened aromatic ring on a different part of each polymer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin polymer with at least one aromatic ring opened is water-soluble.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in at least about 1 mg of water-insoluble lignin is converted into a water-soluble lignin from every 100 mg of water-insoluble lignin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is HOor molecular oxygen (O) claim 1 , or both.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution step comprises bubbling a gas composition comprising Ointo the first solution.9. The ...

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Номер записи: 39
05-01-2017 дата публикации

A composition in the form of a lignin polyol, a method for the production thereof and use thereof

Номер: US20170002129A1
Автор: Dimitri Areskogh, Henri J.M. GRÜNBAUER
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a lignin polyol, a method for the manufacturing of said composition and use thereof in different application areas, such as in adhesives, binders, castings, foams (such as in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams for thermal insulation and construction applications, semi-rigid, flexible, moulded, laminated, microcellular and viscoelastic polyurethane foams), fillers, glues, sealants, elastomers and rubbers. The present invention also relates to a method for the manufacturing of a foam and use of this foam.

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Номер записи: 40
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Biomass Process Optimisation

Номер: US20160002850A1
Автор: Anderson Nigel Donald, Day Kenneth John Coryton, Drage Geoffrey Nicholas, Gates Malcolm Gilbert, Leahy Patrick, McGarel-Groves Anthony Robin
Принадлежит:

There is described a method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of: (i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry; (ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pretreatment step; and (iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water. 1. A method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of:(i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry;(ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pre-treatment step; and(iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water.2. A method according to wherein the processing of biomass comprises the digestion of the biomass material.3. A method according to wherein the processing of biomass comprises the pre-treatment of the biomass material.4. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is from about 0.01M to about 1M.5. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is about 0.05M.6. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is about 0.1 M.7. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises hardwood/softwood and the weight based ratio of biomass to dilute oxalic acid is from about 0.1:1 to about 1:10.8. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises hardwood/softwood and the weight based ratio of biomass to dilute oxalic acid is about 1:5.9. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises grasses claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 41
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Process Operations for Biomass Fractionation

Номер: US20160002851A1
Автор: Anderson Nigel Donald, Day Kenneth John Coryton, Drage Geoffrey Nicholas, Gates Malcolm Gilbert, Leahy Patrick, McGarel-Groves Anthony Robin
Принадлежит:

There is described a method of fractionating a biomass material comprising: (i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry; (ii) mixing the slurry with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix; (iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix to sonication; (iv) optionally heating the product of step (iii) in an autoclave under pressure; (v) separating the solid and liquid components of the fractionation mix; (vi) optionally washing the solid; (vii) optionally drying the solid component; (viii) separating the liquid component into organic and aqueous components; and (ix) isolating lignin from the organic component and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component. 1. A method of fractionating a biomass material comprising the steps of:(i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry (stage 1);(ii) mixing the slurry (stage 1) with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix (stage 2);(iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix (stage 2) to sonication and, optionally, heat (stage 3);(iv) optionally heating stage 3 in an autoclave under pressure; (stage 3a)(v) separating the solid (stage 4a) and liquid (stage 4b) components of the fractionation mix of stage 3 or stage 3a;(vi) optionally washing the solid (stage 4a);(vii) optionally drying the solid component (stage 4a and stage 7a) (to retrieve cellulosic materials);(viii) separating the liquid component (stage 4b) into organic (stage 5a) and aqueous (stage 5b) components; and(ix) isolating lignin from the organic component (stage 5a) and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component (stage 5b).2. (canceled)3. A method according to which comprises the steps of:(i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry (stage 1);(ii) mixing the slurry (stage 1) with a de-aerated organosolv reagent, optionally under an inert atmosphere, to form a pre-treatment mix ( ...

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Номер записи: 42
07-01-2021 дата публикации

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING PURE AND HIGHLY CONCENTRATED CARBON DIOXIDE FROM A RENEWABLE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20210002568A1
Автор: DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A low energy production method for producing pure and highly concentrated carbon dioxide from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising the steps of i) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting a solid lignocellulosic raw material in the presence of a mixture of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., ii) fractionating, the primary solid fraction and the primary liquid fraction obtained at the end of the extraction step i), iii) separating the lignins from the intermediate liquid fraction, iv) producing a synthetic gas by feeding a gasification equipment with at least part of said primary solid fraction and/or at least part of said residual liquid fraction, and v) producing carbon dioxide and water by introducing dioxygen, or dioxygen enriched air, or air in said gasification equipment. 1. A low energy production method for producing carbon dioxide from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising the following steps:i) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;ii) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of the preceding extracting step i);iii) separating the lignins from an intermediate liquid fraction, and obtaining a residual liquid fraction;iv) producing a synthetic gas by feeding a gasification equipment with at least one of at least part of said primary solid fraction or at least part of said residual liquid fraction;v) producing carbon ...

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Номер записи: 43
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Anticorrosion material produced from date palm tree waste

Номер: US20200002820A1
Автор: Aamna Ebrahim Almusharrakh, Ali Humaid Mohamed Hassan Al-Marzouqi, Amna Sultan Al Ali, Aysha Mohammed Al Ahbabi, Nour Shehadeh Abdelrahman, Sara Hareb Al-Ketbi
Принадлежит: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY

Anti-corrosion material is produced from date palm tree waste by extracting lignin and modifying by sulfonation. The anti-corrosion material produced from date palm tree waste is non-toxic and effective at preventing or reducing corrosion of, for example, metals subject to corrosive environments, and particularly marine environments.

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Номер записи: 44
07-01-2021 дата публикации

A METHOD AND A POWER PLANT FOR ON-DEMAND PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM NON-FOSSIL POWER SOURCES AND FROM A RENEWABLE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20210003073A1
Автор: DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A method and a power plant for on-demand producing electricity from Non-Fossil Power Sources and from a Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass Feedstock, in a power plant using several electrical production facilities comprising a first facility for producing electricity from a Non-Fossil Power Source chosen from among wind power, hydro power, solar power, geothermal power and/or tidal power; and a second facility using synthetic gas produced during a gasification step of several fractions from renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock obtained by the implementation of an organosolv process using a mixture composed of at least water and formic acid. 14-. (canceled)5. A method for on-demand producing electricity from non-fossil power sources and from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock , in an electricity power plant using several electricity production facilities comprising:i) at least a first facility for producing electricity from a non-fossil power source, said power source being chosen from among wind power, hydro power, solar power, geothermal power or tidal power; and non-oxidized, non-degraded and uncombined lignins with a controlled aliphatic hydroxyl content and controlled phenolic hydroxyl content; and', 'synthetic gas,, 'ii) at least a second facility using synthetic gas produced during gasification step e) of a process for production of a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of the at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;', 'b) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of ...

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Номер записи: 45
14-01-2021 дата публикации

SYNTHESIS AND FORMULATION OF LIGNIN DERIVED COMPOUNDS AS TREATMENT OF PLANT DISEASES

Номер: US20210007352A1
Автор: Kalinoski Ryan M., Shi Jian
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a methods for producing bio-oils from vegetation high in lignin. The invention further relates to antimicrobial compositions comprising bio-oil extracted from vegetation high in lignin. 1. A method for extracting bio-oils from vegetation containing high sugar and high lignin content comprising the following steps:a) treating a high sugar, high lignin vegetation with 70 kg NaOH per ton of the vegetation in a 1:12 solid:liquid ratio loading at 92° C. for 2 hours to produce a lignin residue;b) disk refining the lignin residue at 200 kwh/ODMT followed by enzymatic hydrolysis;c) soaking the lignin residue in a solution of 0.1M NaOH until reaching a pH of 12.5;d) centrifugation of the solution followed by filtration;{'sub': 2', '4, 'e) precipitating the lignin in the filtrate by using 2 M HSOto reach a pH of 3.0;'}f) filtering the precipitated lignin;g) freeze-drying the lignin;h) performing catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis in ethanol with a metal/C catalyst;i) separating the solute from the solution via centrifugation;j) collecting the solution and diluting in a water:ethanol solventk) extracting the solution from step j) sequentially: first in hexanes, followed by petroleum ether, then chloroform, and finally ethyl acetate to produce 5 total fractions;andl) evaporating the fractions by vacuum evaporation until a solvent free bio-oil is produced.2. The method of and further comprising: administering the bio-oil onto a surface in need thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface is on an organism.4. The method of wherein the organism is a plant.5. The method of and further comprising: further fractioning the bio-oil into monomers.6. An antimicrobial composition comprising: the bio-oil produced by the method of .7. The composition of and further comprising ethanol and water.8. An antimicrobial composition comprising at least one monomer produced by the method of claim 5 , ethanol and water.9. The antimicrobial composition of ...

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Номер записи: 46
27-01-2022 дата публикации

LIGNIN-BASED POLYOLS

Номер: US20220024959A1
Автор: GARCÍA SUÁREZ Eduardo José, MAESTRO MADURGA Belén, OCHOA GÓMEZ José Ramón, PÉREZ ARCE Jonatan
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process to manufacture lignin-based polyols (LBP) by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of oxiranes in the presence of lignin and in an organic solvent or mixture thereof using acidic catalysts. The LBP are suitable to manufacture polyurethanes, polycarbonates and polyesters. 1. A process to manufacture lignin-based polyols , which comprises:a) Dissolving lignin and an acidic catalyst in an organic solvent or a mixture thereof;b) Adjusting the temperature of the solution obtained in step a) at a value from −15° C. to 60° C. under stirring;c) Adding continuously an oxirane or a solution of an oxirane in an organic solvent or a mixture thereof, on the solution obtained in step b) at a flow rate from 0.01 to 1.0 L-oxirane/h/kg-lignin,d) Keeping the reaction mixture obtained in step c) after addition completion for an appropriate time;e) Neutralizing the catalyst by adding an appropriate amount of a base on the reaction mixture obtained in step d); andf) Isolating the lignin-based polyols from the mixture obtained in step e).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxirane is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide claim 1 , propylene oxide claim 1 , butylene oxide claim 1 , epichlorohydrin claim 1 , epibromohydrin and glycidol.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic catalyst comprises boron trifluoride.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic catalyst level is from 0.03 to 0.2 mol per mol OH in lignin.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/dichloromethane claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/trichloromethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/acetonitrile claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/dichloromethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/trichloromethane claim 1 , tetrahydropyran claim 1 , tetrahydropyran/acetonitrile claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 47
08-01-2015 дата публикации

TAILORABLE LIGNOSULFONATE CARBONATE ADHESIVES

Номер: US20150011737A1
Автор: Brizius Glen Leon, Montgomery Phillip Kent
Принадлежит:

A two component adhesive system is described. The first component of the system is made from a sulfonated lignin having at least one amine group containing side arm and at least one hydroxyl group containing side arm. The second component of the system is made from a sulfonated lignin having at least one chloroformate group containing side arm. 154-. (canceled)55. A composition comprising: a sulfonated lignin having a first side arm comprising an amine group , and a second side arm comprising a hydroxyl group.56. The composition of claim 55 , wherein the first side arm comprises a reduced amino acid.57. The composition of claim 55 , wherein the first side arm comprises reduced lysine.58. The composition of claim 55 , wherein the second side arm comprises a poly(ethylene glycol).59. The composition of claim 58 , wherein the poly(ethylene glycol) has a chain length of about 2 to about 24.60. The composition of claim 55 , wherein the ratio of number of amine groups to number of sulfonate groups in the first component is about 1:2 to about 1:1000.61. The composition of claim 55 , further comprising at least one preservative.62. The composition of claim 61 , wherein the preservative is sodium benzoate.63. The composition of claim 62 , wherein the amount of sodium benzoate is about 0.05% to about 10% (by weight).64. A method of making a composition comprising a sulfonated lignin having a first side arm comprising an amine group claim 62 , and a second side arm comprising a hydroxyl group claim 62 , the method comprising: contacting the sulfonated lignin with a first compound having an amine group and a second compound having a hydroxyl group under conditions that allow for coupling of the first compound and the second compound to the sulfonated lignin.65. The method of claim 64 , wherein the contacting step comprises contacting the sulfonated lignin with a reduced amino acid.66. The method of claim 64 , wherein the contacting step comprises contacting the sulfonated ...

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Номер записи: 48
14-01-2021 дата публикации

A METHOD FOR PREPARING AN ACTIVATED LIGNIN COMPOSITION

Номер: US20210009618A1
Автор: Ferrari Luca, HELWEGEN Kim Mechtilda Ferdinand, JOBBER Andrew Sidney, KAZEMI Somayeh, VIRTANEN Atte Ilari
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an activated lignin composition. In addition, the present invention also relates to a method for further processing the thus activated lignin composition in a method for preparing a lignin-phenol formaldehyde resin. Such a lignin-phenol formaldehyde resin can be used in the manufacturing of laminates by replacing the traditional synthetic phenol formaldehyde resin. 131-. (canceled)32. A method for manufacturing a high pressure laminate comprising a step of preparing a core layer and a step of pressing said core layer in a press using an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure , wherein said step of preparing said core layer comprises impregnating a paper with a resin mixture and constructing a stack of resin impregnated papers , wherein said resin mixture comprises a lignin-phenol formaldehyde resin prepared with lignin methylolation and phenol methylolation steps , said step of lignin methylolation comprises:i) providing a liquid lignin having free active hydrogen positions;ii) heating said liquid lignin to a temperature in a range of 60° C. to 85° C.;iii) adding formaldehyde to said heated liquid lignin under stirring conditions, wherein the formaldehyde is added in a stoichiometric excess ratio of >1:1 relative to the lignin's free active hydrogen positions;iv) maintaining the temperature of the mixture according to iii) in a range of 60° C. to 85° C., during a time period of at least 10 minutes thereby obtaining an activated lignin composition,said step of phenol methylolation comprises:v) optionally heating said activated lignin composition of step iv) to a temperature in a range of 50° C. to 90° C.;vi) adding phenol to said activated lignin composition;vii) adjusting the temperature of the mixture of step vi) to be within the range of 60° C. to 90° C.;viii)adding formaldehyde to said mixture of step vii),ix) comprising of heating and maintaining the mixture of step viii) at a temperature in a range ...

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Номер записи: 49
14-01-2021 дата публикации

MANUFACTURE OF NOVOLACS AND RESOLES USING LIGNIN

Номер: US20210009745A1
Автор: Arbuckle Stephen W., Maddipatla Venkata Srirama N., Maiorana Anthony, Viswanathan Ganapathy
Принадлежит:

Processes for manufacturing novolacs and resoles from lignin are disclosed. A phenol-aldehyde-lignin dispersion is formed which can then be used to make either a novolac or a resole, depending upon the catalysts used. 1. A process comprising:a) heating a mixture of a phenol, lignin, and a first catalyst comprising an acidic compound or a basic compound to a temperature in the range of from 70° C. to 200° C. to form a dispersion;b) cooling the dispersion to a temperature in the range of from 60° C. to 99° C.;c) adding a first aldehyde to the dispersion;d) condensing the dispersion under reflux conditions to form a phenol-aldehyde-lignin dispersion having from 0.01 to 10 weight percent free aldehyde;e) cooling the phenol-aldehyde-lignin dispersion;f) adding a second catalyst comprising a basic compound and a second aldehyde to the phenol-aldehyde-lignin dispersion; andg) condensing the phenol-aldehyde-lignin dispersion to form a resole having from 0.01 to 10 weight percent free aldehyde.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein after the first aldehyde has been added to the dispersion in step c) claim 1 , the phenol claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , and first aldehyde are present in the dispersion in an amount in the range of from 0.1 to 0.85 moles of aldehyde per mole of phenol.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein after the second aldehyde has been added to the dispersion in step f) claim 1 , components are present in the phenol-aldehyde-lignin dispersion in an amount in the range of from 0.9 to 4.5 moles of aldehyde per mole of phenol.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate claim 1 , lignosulfonate salts claim 1 , kraft lignins claim 1 , pyrolytic lignins claim 1 , steam explosion lignin claim 1 , organosolv lignins claim 1 , soda-ash lignins claim 1 , dilute acid lignins claim 1 , biorefinery lignins claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is present in the mixture of step a) ...

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Номер записи: 50
14-01-2021 дата публикации

AROMATIC ALCOHOL-LIGNIN-ALDEHYDE RESINS AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING AND USING SAME

Номер: US20210009764A1
Автор: MADDIX Copeland C., Williamson Bobby L.
Принадлежит:

Aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resins and process for making and using same. In some examples, a process for making a resin can include heating a first mixture that includes a lignin, an aromatic alcohol, and a base compound to produce a second mixture that can include an activated lignin, the aromatic alcohol, and the base compound. The second mixture can be heated with an aldehyde to produce a third mixture that can include an aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resin and unreacted free aldehyde. In some examples, an aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resin can be or include a co-polymer of an activated lignin, an aromatic alcohol, and an aldehyde. A weight ratio of the activated lignin to the aromatic alcohol can be about 20:80 to about 95:5. 1. A process for making a resin , comprising:heating a first mixture comprising a lignin, an aromatic alcohol, and a base compound to produce a second mixture comprising an activated lignin, the aromatic alcohol and the base compound; andheating the second mixture and an aldehyde to produce a third mixture comprising an aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resin and unreacted free aldehyde.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising reacting at least a portion of the unreacted free aldehyde in the third mixture and an aldehyde scavenger to produce a fourth mixture comprising the aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resin and the unreacted free aldehyde claim 1 , wherein an amount of the unreacted free aldehyde in the fourth mixture is less than an amount of the unreacted free aldehyde in the third mixture.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the aldehyde scavenger comprises urea claim 2 , an aminotriazine claim 2 , a cycloaliphatic guanamine claim 2 , 2-cyanoguanidine claim 2 , ammonium hydroxide claim 2 , sodium sulfite claim 2 , sodium bisulfite claim 2 , or a mixture thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic alcohol comprises an aromatic alcohol having a chemical structure of R—(OH) claim 1 , wherein R is an ...

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Номер записи: 51
14-01-2021 дата публикации

A LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BASED PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGNINS AND SYNGAS, AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EFFICIENT SYNGAS

Номер: US20210009908A1
Автор: DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A process for production of lignins and synthetic gas including the steps of extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting solid Lignocellulosic Raw Material in contact with a mixture of water and formic acid at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 80° C. and 110° C.; fractionating, the primary solid fraction and the primary liquid fraction; separating the lignins from the intermediate liquid fraction; and gasifying at least part of said primary solid fraction and/or at least part of said residual liquid fraction for producing synthetic gas. 1. A lignocellulosic biomass based process for production of:non-oxidized, non-degraded and uncombined lignins with a controlled aliphatic hydroxyl content and controlled phenolic hydroxyl content; andsynthetic gassaid process comprising the following steps:a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;b) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of the preceding extracting step a);c) recovering by evaporation-condensation of all or part of organic acids contained in said primary liquid fraction and obtaining an intermediate liquid fraction;d) separating the lignins from said intermediate liquid fraction and obtaining a residual liquid fraction.e) gasifying at least one of at least part of said primary solid fraction or at least part of said residual liquid fraction for producing synthetic gas.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said gasifying step e) consists in gasifying at least part of ...

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Номер записи: 52
09-01-2020 дата публикации

Method for producing reactive lignin

Номер: US20200011012A1
Автор: Kanerva Heimo, Leppävuori Juha, Liitiä Tiina, Ohra-Aho Taina, Wikberg Hanne
Принадлежит:

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing reactive lignin from an alkaline lignin containing stream, such as black liquor, e.g. kraft lignin, by using thermal treatment with temperatures between 200 and 300° C., and a retention time of 1 h or less, for activation of the lignin. 1. A method for activating and recovering dissolved lignin comprising:providing a feedstock comprising the dissolved lignin and having a pH above 12,carrying out a thermal treatment of the feedstock having said pH above 12, at temperature within a range of 200-300° C. and for a retention time of 1 hour or less to provide activated lignin within the feedstock,precipitating the activated lignin by pH adjustment using an acid, thereby providing a liquor comprising precipitated lignin, andseparating the precipitated lignin from the liquor to provide recovered lignin.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin containing feedstock is from an alkaline pulping process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin containing feedstock comprises black liquor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pH adjustment step is carried out before the thermal treatment to obtain said pH above 12.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a dry content of the lignin containing feedstock during the activation and precipitation steps is between 10 and 50 wt-%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment is done at a temperature of 220-280° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment is done at a pressure that is a vapour pressure of the feedstock or greater.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitating is done at a pH of 9-10.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitating is done with the addition of an acid selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO) claim 1 , carbonic acid claim 1 , acidic exhaust gas claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 53
03-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SOLUTION OF LIGNIN IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

Номер: US20220033561A1
Автор: Ekström Jesper, Nasli Bakir Ben, Zafar Ashar
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a process for lignin dissolution in which partial methylolation of lignin is carried out during the step of preparing a solution of lignin in an aqueous medium comprising alkali and phenol. The lignin prepared according to the process of the present invention can be used to manufacture lignin-based phenolic resins, which are particularly useful in the manufacture of laminates. 1. A method for dissolving lignin in an aqueous medium comprising the steps ofa) mixing lignin, alkali, phenol and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium;b) mixing until a solution of the lignin in the aqueous medium has been obtained;wherein a molar ratio between the formaldehyde and a total amount of the phenol and lignin monomer, based on an average lignin monomer molecular weight, is 0.4 or less.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and the total amount of the phenol and the lignin monomer is in a range of from 0.01 to 0.3.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and the total amount of the phenol and the lignin monomer is in a range of from 0.01 to 0.2.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and the total amount of the phenol and the lignin monomer is in a range of from 0.01 to 0.1.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has been isolated claim 1 , before step a) claim 1 , and/or purified before step a) or both.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the lignin has been isolated from black liquor.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali is selected from a group consisting of: sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.8. A method for preparing a resin comprising the steps ofa) mixing lignin, alkali, phenol and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium;b) mixing until a solution of the lignin in the aqueous ...

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Номер записи: 54
19-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR TREATING BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20170015692A1
Автор: CARRICK Christopher, SAMEC Joseph
Принадлежит: REN FUEL K2B AB

The present invention relates to a method of membrane-filtrating a lignin containing composition in order to obtain a lignin fraction more suitable for further treatments. In particular it relates to treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution by a membrane filtration. It comprises subjecting the liquid lignin composition to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to remove species having a first molecular weight thereby providing a permeate with a molecular weight distribution defined by said cut-off. Then, the permeate from the first membrane filtration is; subjected to at least one further filtration step with a second filter cut-off, different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) with a molecular weight distribution defined by both the cut-off in the first filter the cut-off in said second filter. A dilution is performed on a desired lignin containing fraction at some point downstream of the first filtration unit. A lignin containing retentate (concentrate) is collected from the further ultrafiltration for further processing. 1. A method for treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution , comprising the steps of:subjecting a liquid lignin containing composition, e.g. black liquor, to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to separate species in said liquid lignin containing composition in fractions thereby providing a permeate and a retentate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by said cut-off;subjecting either the retentate or the permeate from the first membrane filtration to at least one further membrane filtration step with a second filter cut-off different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) and a permeate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by both the cut-off in the first ...

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Номер записи: 55
19-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR EFFICIENT EXTRACTION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20170015792A1
Автор: DAHLSTRAND Christian, LÖFSTEDT Joakim, OREBOM Alexander, SAMEC Joseph, SAWADJOON Supapom
Принадлежит: REN FUEL K2B AB

A method of extracting lignin from an aqueous composition by either treating the composition with a solvent and heat, or by acidifying the composition in order to induce phase separation. 113.-. (canceled)14. A method of transferring lignin into an organic solvent comprising:a. Providing an aqueous composition of lignin in a container;{'b': '3', 'b. Lowering the pH of the aqueous composition to a pH of or less and mixing the composition;'}c. Adding an organic solvent at least partly not soluble in water to the container forming a first mixture of lignin and organic solvent and mixing the first mixture;d. Letting the first mixture phase separate into an organic solvent phase and an aqueous phase; ande. Isolating the organic solvent phase from the first mixture.15. The method according to wherein the solvent is a cyclic ether.16. The method according to wherein the pH is lowered using hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid.17. The method according to wherein the solvent is a mixture of methyl acetate and THF (tetrahydrofuran) or substituted THF claim 14 , or a mixture of ethyl acetate and THF or substituted THF claim 14 , or a mixture of MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) and THF or substituted THF.18. The method according to wherein the lignin in the organic solvent phase is treated by reduction using a catalyst based on nickel or a palladium based catalyst.19. The method according to wherein the lignin in the organic solvent phase is treated by functionalization through esterification.20. The method according to wherein the esterification comprises adding an esterification reagent or claim 19 , a fatty acid and an esterification reagent claim 19 , and a catalyst to the organic solvent phase and heating the organic solvent phase.21. The method according to wherein the esterification reagent is carboxylic acid or an anhydride.22. The method according to wherein the esterification is done using C6-C18 fatty acids.23. The method according to wherein the treatment is performed ...

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Номер записи: 56
15-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PROCESSING OF CARBON DIOXIDE CONTAINED IN AN EXHAUST GAS FLOW

Номер: US20150018536A1
Автор: PHILIPP Franz Josef
Принадлежит: Commerzialbank Matterburg IM Burgenland Aktiengesellschaft

A method for processing carbon dioxide contained in an exhaust gas flow. The exhaust gas flow is brought in contact in a drying and cooling chamber with a moistened porous silicate material and admixed aluminum hydroxide and/or hydrated aluminum oxide and/or optionally other metal oxidizers to produce a basic aqueous medium and to destabilize the carbon dioxide, and cooled. The amount of aluminum hydroxide and/or hydrated aluminum oxide to be added is controlled via a continuous pH value measurement, after which the aqueous medium is fed to a subsequent prechamber, which is supplied with material containing oxidizable alkaline earth and/or heavy metal, in which neutralization of the aqueous medium containing ionized carbon occurs. The formed alkaline earth and/or heavy metal oxide is discharged from the prechamber and the aqueous medium containing ionized carbon is then fed to a main chamber equipped with material consisting of and/or containing organic carbon compounds. 18-. (canceled)9. A method for processing carbon dioxide contained in an exhaust gas flow to a product suitable for energy production , the method comprising the steps of:a) bringing the exhaust gas flow in contact in a drying and cooling chamber with a moistened porous silicate material and an admixed aluminum hydroxide and/or hydrated aluminum oxide and/or optionally other metal oxidizers to form a basic aqueous medium and to destabilize carbon dioxide, and cooled, wherein the amount of aluminum hydroxide and/or hydrated aluminum oxide to be added is controlled via a continuous pH value measurement;b) feeding the aqueous medium to a subsequent prechamber, which is supplied with material containing oxidizable alkaline earth and/or heavy metal, wherein oxidation of alkaline earth and/or heavy metal occurs with accompanying neutralization of the aqueous medium containing ionized carbon, and the alkaline earth and/or heavy metal oxide formed as a result is discharged from the prechamber, wherein ...

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Номер записи: 57
21-01-2021 дата публикации

MODIFIED WOOD PRODUCT AND A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAID PRODUCT

Номер: US20210016466A1
Автор: Biziks Vladimirs, Fleckenstein Marco, Mai Carsten, Mayes Duncan, Militz Holger, Pynnönen Janne
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a modified wood product wherein the wood is treated with low-molecular weight resin based on lignin degradation products. The present invention also relates to a modified wood product produced using said process. 1. A process for preparing a modified wood product , comprising the steps of:a) providing lignin;b) degrading the lignin into lignin cleavage products;c) fractionating the lignin cleavage products;d) selecting one or more fractions of lignin cleavage products;e) preparing a phenol-formaldehyde resin comprising the selected lignin cleavage products;f) treating wood with the phenol-formaldehyde resin comprising the selected lignin cleavage products to obtain a modified wood product.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is degraded by using sodium hydroxide as catalyst or by using a catalyst and microwave energy.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin cleavage products are chemically modified before step c) by hydroxymethylation.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the wood has a moisture content of about 12%.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is kraft lignin.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the wood has been thermally modified prior to modification with the phenol-formaldehyde resin comprising the selected lignin cleavage products.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the wood is densified during or after treatment with the phenol-formaldehyde resin comprising the selected lignin cleavage products.8. A modified wood product obtained by the process according to .9. The modified wood product according to claim 8 , wherein the wood is a softwood or hardwood.10. The process of further comprising:manufacturing cladding, decking, window and door profiles, light poles, jetties, joinery or furniture with the modified wood product.11. The process of further comprising:chemically modifying the selected lignin cleavage products ...

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Номер записи: 58
21-01-2021 дата публикации

Methods of recovering lignin and other products from biomass

Номер: US20210017210A1
Автор: Lynn M. Wendt, Quang A. Nguyen
Принадлежит: Battelle Energy Alliance Llc

Methods of recovering lignin products and other products from biomass. The method comprises adding a chemical agent to a stored biomass comprising lignin to form a chemically-treated biomass. The chemical agent comprises an acid, a base, an inorganic salt, or a combination of the inorganic salt and one of the acid or the base. The chemically-treated biomass is stored under anaerobic conditions. Lignin products, such as high molecular weight lignin, medium molecular weight lignin, or low molecular weight lignin, are recovered from the chemically-treated biomass. Additional methods of recovering lignin products and other products from biomass are disclosed.

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Номер записи: 59
18-01-2018 дата публикации

Humic Acid-Based Supercapacitors

Номер: US20180019070A1
Автор: Chai Song-Hai, Jang Bor Z., Zhamu Aruna
Принадлежит: Nanotek Instruments, Inc.

A supercapacitor electrode comprising a mixture of graphene sheets and humic acid, wherein humic acid occupies 0.1% to 99% by weight of the mixture and the graphene sheets are selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof; and wherein said mixture has a specific surface area greater than 500 m/g. 1. A supercapacitor electrode comprising a mixture of graphene sheets and humic acid , wherein said humic acid occupies 0.1% to 99% by weight of the mixture and said graphene sheets are selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements , or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide , reduced graphene oxide , graphene fluoride , graphene chloride , graphene bromide , graphene iodide , hydrogenated graphene , nitrogenated graphene , chemically functionalized graphene , and a combination thereof; and wherein said mixture has a specific surface area greater than 500 m/g.2. A supercapacitor electrode comprising humic acid molecules having an oxygen content of 0. 01% to 42% by weight as an electrode active material , wherein said electrode has a specific surface area greater than 500 m/g.3. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 2 , wherein said oxygen content is from 0.01% to 5% by weight.4. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 2 , wherein said electrode comprises multiple particulates that are porous and each particulate is composed of multiple humic acid molecules packed into a spherical or ellipsoidal ...

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Номер записи: 60
17-04-2014 дата публикации

SEPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM HYDROLYZATE

Номер: US20140106426A1
Автор: PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

A method for the production water insoluble reactive lignin having low sulfur content and lignosulfonates from lignocellulosic material in a batch or continuous process. Lignocellulosic material is fractionated to produce water insoluble native lignin and lignosulfonates in various ratios, while preserving the cellulose and hydrolyzed hemicelluloses using water, ethanol and sulfur dioxide. 122-. (canceled)23. A process for separating and recovering lignin and lignosulfonates from a liquid hydrolyzate , said process comprising:(a) contacting a lignocellulosic material with a solution of an aliphatic alcohol, water, and sulfur dioxide to produce a mixture comprising cellulose-rich solids and a first hydrolyzate comprising hemicellulose oligomers, lignin, and lignosulfonates;(b) removing said cellulose-rich solids from said mixture, to form a second hydrolyzate;(c) removing, in a stripper column, said aliphatic alcohol and said sulfur dioxide from said second hydrolyzate, to form a third hydrolyzate, wherein said lignin precipitates to form water-insoluble lignin;(d) recovering said water-insoluble lignin from said stripper column; and(e) separating and recovering said lignosulfonates from said third hydrolyzate.24. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (c) comprises evaporating at a pressure from −0.1 to 6.0 atmospheres in said stripper column.25. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (d) comprises removing said water-insoluble lignin from the bottom of said stripper column into a settling tank.26. The process of claim 25 , wherein step (d) further comprises centrifuging or filter-pressing said water-insoluble lignin.27. The process of claim 23 , wherein said water-insoluble lignin is continuously removed and recovered.28. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (e) comprises centrifuging said third hydrolyzate.29. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (e) comprises filtering said third hydrolyzate.30. The process of claim 29 , wherein said filtering is conducted ...

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Номер записи: 61
10-02-2022 дата публикации

Humic Acid Type Adsorption material as Well as Preparation Method and Application thereof

Номер: US20220040672A1
Автор: Han Xingxing, Huang Liangxian, Niu Yuhua, Song Jie, Sun Yonghui, Wang Yangyang, ZHAO Xuan, Zhu Xiaobin
Принадлежит:

The invention discloses a humic acid type adsorption material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The humic acid type adsorption material is prepared by taking carboxymethyl cellulose or salts thereof, humate and montmorillonite as raw materials and adding a monomer, a cross-linking agent and an initiator through aqueous solution polymerization. The synthesized porous material is great in specific surface area, can quickly get close to water molecules in water to form hydrogen bonds, and finally achieves the purpose of removing organic dye pollutants through electrostatic attraction effect with dye molecules. The humic acid type adsorption material is low in raw material price, is simple in synthesis process, and is green and environmentally friendly. 1. A preparation method for a humic acid type adsorption material , comprising the following steps:step 1: weighing humate, montmorillonite, acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose or salts thereof in a mass ratio of (0.01-0.15):(0.03-0.15):(2-6):(0.05-0.14) to separately prepare a humate solution, a montmorillonite water dispersion solution, an acrylic acid solution and a carboxymethyl cellulose solution or a salt solution thereof;step 2: stirring and uniformly mixing the humate solution, the montmorillonite water dispersion solution and the carboxymethyl cellulose solution or the salt solution thereof under a heating condition to form a system A; adding a crosslinking agent into the acrylic acid solution to form a system B;step 3: dropping the system B and an initiator into the system A, continuing to stir after the addition is completed, and continuing to stir after the temperature rises to obtain a viscous gel material;and step 4: performing freezing-thawing treatment on the viscous gel material obtained in step 3 for several times, and finally freeze-drying to obtain a humic acid type adsorption material.2. The preparation method for the humic acid type adsorption material according to claim ...

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Номер записи: 62
25-01-2018 дата публикации

METHODS OF PRODUCING STABLE LIGNIN PHENOLIC OIL

Номер: US20180022877A1
Автор: BROWN Robert C., HALL Patrick H., ROVER Marjorie R., Smith Ryan G.
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method of producing a stable lignin phenolic oil, where the method comprises providing a lignin; pre-treating the lignin with a base solution, where the base solution has a pH of 8 or above; and hydrogenating the pre-treated lignin to produce a stabilized lignin phenolic oil. The present invention further relates to a method of producing a stable lignin phenolic oil, the method comprising: providing a non-recalcitrant lignin; solubilizing the lignin in a solvent; and hydrogenating the solubilized lignin to produce a stabilized lignin phenolic oil. 1. A method of producing a stable lignin phenolic oil , said method comprising:providing a lignin;pre-treating the lignin with a base solution, wherein the base solution has a pH of 8 or above; andhydrogenating the pre-treated lignin to produce a stabilized lignin phenolic oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base solution has a pH of between 8 and 11.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is selected from the group consisting of organosolv lignin claim 1 , Kraft lignin claim 1 , supercritical hydrolysis lignin claim 1 , steam explosion lignin claim 1 , enzymatic hydrolysis lignin claim 1 , acetosolv lignin claim 1 , milled wood lignin claim 1 , and black liquor lignin.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pre-treating the lignin with a base solution is carried out at a temperature of between 15° C. to 200° C. and for a time of no less than 15 minutes.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said pre-treating is carried out at a temperature of between 100° C. to 150° C. and for a time of between 2 hours and 6 hours.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base solution is a hydroxide solution.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide claim 6 , ammonium hydroxide claim 6 , calcium hydroxide claim 6 , triethylamine hydroxide claim 6 , potassium hydroxide claim 6 , lithium hydroxide claim 6 , and magnesium hydroxide.8. ...

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Номер записи: 63
22-01-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR SEPARATING BIOMASS COMPONENTS

Номер: US20150025229A1
Автор: Pandey Banibrata, PECHIMUTHU Sakthi Priya, SARKAR Manoj Kumar, SRIVASTAVA Suresh Chandra, SUDHAKARAN Dinakaran Samuel
Принадлежит: NAGARJUNA ENERGY PRIVATE LIMITED

The present invention provides a process and System for Separation of biomass components into individual components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The present invention provides a process for separating lignin in its native form. The cellulose obtained by the process of the present invention is highly reactive for saccharification. 111-. (canceled)12. A process for separating biomass components namely cellulose , hemicellulose and lignin , said process comprising steps:a) contacting biomass with an alkaline agent capable of dissolving essentially lignin in said biomass under a first predetermined temperature and a first pressure to dissolve lignin;b) removing the lignin under pressure;c) reacting mild acid or water under a second predetermined temperature and a second pressure with the remaining residue of step (a) to hydrolyze hemicellulose and subsequently removing the same from biomass;d) obtaining cellulose from the remaining biomass.13. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the alkaline agent is selected from the group comprising ammonia or derivatives thereof.14. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the alkaline agent is contacted with the biomass at a temperature in the range of 90° to 200° C. and at a pressure in the range of 7.5-25 Bar.15. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the alkaline agent is contacted with the biomass for a period in the range of 1 to 30 minutes.16. A process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the concentration of ammonia is in the range of 10% to 30%.17. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the mild acid is selected from a group comprising mineral acids having a concentration of 0.25% to 2%.18. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the mild acid is reacted with the residual biomass at a temperature in the range of 120°-200° C. and at a pressure in the range of 1.5-20 Bar.19. A system for separating biomass comprising:(a) a reactor chamber for containing biomass having at least one inlet and at ...

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Номер записи: 64
23-01-2020 дата публикации

POLYCARBOXYLATED COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME

Номер: US20200024407A1
Автор: Rafiee Mohammad, Stahl Shannon S.
Принадлежит: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Methods of selectively modifying lignin, polycarboxylated products thereof, and methods of deriving aromatic compounds therefrom. The methods comprise electrochemically oxidizing lignin using stable nitroxyl radicals to selectively oxidize primary hydroxyls on β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units to corresponding carboxylic acids while leaving the secondary hydroxyls unchanged. The oxidation results in polycarboxylated lignin in the form of a polymeric β-hydroxy acid. The polymeric β-hydroxy acid has a high loading of carboxylic acid and can be isolated in acid form, deprotonated, and/or converted to a salt. The β-hydroxy acid, anion, or salt can also be subjected to acidolysis to generate various aromatic monomers or oligomers. The initial oxidation of lignin to the polycarboxylated form renders the lignin more susceptible to acidolysis and thereby enhances the yield of aromatic monomers and oligomers obtained through acidolysis. 112-. (canceled)13. A polycarboxylated compound comprising phenylpropanoid units , wherein:each of the phenylpropanoid unit comprises an α-carbon and a β-carbon;the phenylpropanoid units are linked to each other via linkages comprising one or more of a β-O-4 linkage, a β-1 linkage, a β-5 linkage, a 4-O-5 linkage, a 5-5 linkage, and a β-β linkage;the phenylpropanoid units comprise β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units;each of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units is a single one of the phenylpropanoid units and is linked via its β-carbon with a β-O-4 linkage;each β-O-4 phenylpropanoid unit in at least a portion of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units comprises a secondary hydroxyl moiety on the α-carbon of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid unit and a carboxylic acid or carboxylate moiety on the β-carbon of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid unit.14. The polycarboxylated compound of claim 13 , wherein the polycarboxylated compound comprises from 0.05 to 0.8 carboxylic acid or carboxylate functional groups per phenylpropanoid unit.15. The polycarboxylated compound of claim 13 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 65
04-02-2016 дата публикации

OXYGEN ASSISTED ORGANOSOLV PROCESS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND LIGNIN RECOVERY

Номер: US20160031921A1
Автор: Braenner Walter, Guenther John H., Hawk Lee J., Manesh Ali, Manesh Mohammad Ali, Zoborowski Edwin G.
Принадлежит: American Science and Technology Corporation

An oxygen assisted Organosolv process for a more efficient delignification and producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprises providing a lignin solvent with water, an acid, an oxidant and one or more lignin dissolving chemicals. The process also includes placing biomass in contact with oxidant, acid, water, the lignin solvent in any order or combined to form a recyclable solvent, and recycling at least a portion of the recyclable solvent by circulating the recyclable solvent back into contact with the biomass. The circulating of the recyclable solvent occurs for a period of time, during which, acid and oxidant may be added if necessary as they may be consumed by the process, after which, the process then includes separating material such as chemicals and lignin from the recyclable solvent. The chemicals can be recycled as new lignin dissolving solvent or sold, while lignin can be used as natural and renewable colorant for polymers such as poly lactic acid, or mixed with other polymers as an additive and extruded or injected to consumable polymeric parts, or can be used and the natural source of renewable aromatics. Application of an oxidant will help the overall fractionation process by changing the chemical characteristics of the lignin and therefore allows more lignin to be removed from biomass. At the end, the lignin is separated from the lignin dissolving solvent by a separation process to also reclaim the lignin dissolving solvent for the next fractionation process. 1. An oxygen assisted organosolv process for delignification of lignocellulosic biomass materials comprising:a) Placing a quantity of lignocellulosic biomass in contact with a quantity of oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide to partially or fully impregnate the biomass;b) Placing a quantity of the partially or fully impregnated biomass in contact with a quantity of acid to acidify the impregnated biomass;c) Adding a quantity of water to a quantity of the acidified ...

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Номер записи: 66
01-02-2018 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF HUMIC ACID BASED POWDERS FOR LATENT FINGERPRINT DETECTION

Номер: US20180030212A1
Автор: DOGAN Hacer, EROL Melek, GURTEKIN SEDEN Merve, IPEKSAC Tugba
Принадлежит:

The invention comprises the production and use of humic acid and its various salts (humate), which have been used even in areas such as food, pharmaceutical, etc., as fingerprint powder, alternatively to fingerprint powders with various compositions used for fingerprint detection, the oldest and most common method for criminal identification at crime scenes. 1. A fingerprint detection reagent , wherein said detection reagent comprises either humic acid or humic acid salts (humate).2. The fingerprint detection reagent according to claim 1 , wherein said detection reagent further comprises about 10-20% carbon black by weight.3. The fingerprint detection reagent according to claim 1 , wherein said detection reagent comprises the humic acid salts in the +1 valent of either Na or K salt.4. The fingerprint detection reagent according to claim 1 , wherein said detection reagent comprises the humic acid salts in the +2 valent of either Ca claim 1 , Mg or Ba salt.5. The fingerprint detection reagent claim 1 , wherein said detection reagent comprises the humic acid salts in the +3 valent of either Fe or Al salt.6. The fingerprint detection reagent according to claim 1 , wherein said detection reagent has the average grain size between 10-20 μm.7. A method for the reduction of particle size of fingerprint powder comprising humic acid or a humic acid salt (humate) claim 1 , wherein said powders were grinded in ball mill at 400-600 rpm speed for 40-120 minutes by using 0-50 pieces of grinding balls with a diameter of 10 mm.8. A method for the preparation of the fingerprint reagent according to claim 2 , wherein said humic acid or a humic acid salt (humate) and the carbon black is mixed at 400 rpm speed for 20 minutes in a ball mill without balls. Fingerprints in crime scenes are divided into two parts as visible and latent. Colored contaminants (blood, fat, ink etc.) on the suspect's hand make fingerprints visible. However, in the case of that the color contaminants don't ...

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Номер записи: 67
05-02-2015 дата публикации

Process for Producing Lignin from Tobacco

Номер: US20150034109A1
Автор: Dube Michael Francis, FAY, III James E.
Принадлежит:

A process for producing lignin from one or more plants of genus is provided. The lignin can be derived inter alia from species biomass. A process such as is described in various embodiments herein also provides articles and compositions that include lignin produced from one or more plants of genus 1. A process for isolating lignin from tobacco biomass , the process comprising:(a) contacting a quantity of tobacco biomass with a quantity of acid to form an acidified digest mixture;(b) contacting a quantity of the acidified digest mixture with a quantity of butanol to form a butanol-containing mixture;(c) effecting a separation of a quantity of the butanol-containing mixture into a butanol-soluble phase and a butanol-insoluble phase; and(d) effecting a removal of butanol from a quantity of the butanol-soluble phase sufficient to yield a quantity of an isolated lignin from the butanol-soluble phase.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid is a mineral acid.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the separation comprises solvent extraction claim 1 , chromatography claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , filtration claim 1 , pressing claim 1 , recrystallization claim 1 , and/or solvent-solvent partitioning.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises solvent extraction.5. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises chromatography.6. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises distillation.7. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises filtration.8. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises pressing.9. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises recrystallization.10. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises solvent-solvent partitioning.11. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the removal is effected by evaporation claim 1 , sublimation claim 1 , lyophilization claim 1 , solvent extraction claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 68
17-02-2022 дата публикации

Efficient methods and compositions for recovery of products from organic acid pretreatment of plant materials

Номер: US20220049421A1
Автор: Feng Ling
Принадлежит: Pierson Capital Environmental Beijing Ltd

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials.

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Номер записи: 69
30-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR GRAFTING POLYPHENOLS

Номер: US20200032002A1
Автор: Allard-Breton Béatrice, BLANC Jerome, Gillet Jean-Philippe, Teissier Rémy
Принадлежит: Arkema France

The invention relates to a process for producing at least one grafted polyphenol, comprising at least the step of reacting, in the presence of at least one catalyst, at least one polyphenol with at least one compound of formula (I) below: 2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said polyphenol is chosen from tannins claim 1 , lignins and natural polyphenols other than tannins and lignins.3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said polyphenol is a lignin.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is chosen from alkali metal hydroxides claim 1 , sodium or potassium alkoxides claim 1 , and tertiary amines chosen from trialkylamines and tetramethylguanidine.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris chosen from a hydrogen atom and a linear or branched claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbon-based chain.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the number of moles of said compound of formula (I) is at least 1.1 times greater than or equal to the number of —OH functions present per mole of said polyphenol.9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein step (b) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst which is identical to or different than the catalyst as defined in .10. The process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the grafted polyphenol/alkoxylating agent weight ratio ranges from 0.05 to 2.11. A grafted polyphenol that can be obtained by the process as defined in .12. An alkoxylated polyphenol that can be obtained by the process as defined in .13. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , as a reagent in alkoxylation processes.14. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , as a solvent for polyphenols.15. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , as a solvent in polyphenol alkoxylation processes.16. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , for producing polyurethanes claim 11 , polyesters claim 11 , nonionic or cationic surfactants claim ...

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Номер записи: 70
05-02-2015 дата публикации

COMPOSITION OF LIGNIN PELLETS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Номер: US20150037859A1
Автор: BOOTSMA Jason
Принадлежит:

A system for treating biomass for the production of a composition of lignin pellets is disclosed. Pellets comprising at least 50 percent lignin by dry weight is disclosed. Also disclosed are pellets produced from a lignin composition by a process comprising: pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass into pre-treated biomass; separating the pre-treated biomass into a first liquid component comprising sugars and a first solids component comprising cellulose and the lignin composition; hydrolysing the first solids component of the pre-treated biomass into a hydrolysed biomass comprising sugars and the lignin composition; separating the hydrolysed biomass into a second liquid component comprising sugars and a second solids component comprising the lignin composition; supplying the second solids component comprising the lignin composition to a pelleting apparatus to produce the pellets; wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. According to an aspect, at least a portion of the lignin is not sulfonated. 112-. (canceled)13. A process for producing pellets produced from a lignin composition , the process comprising:pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass into pre-treated biomass;separating the pre-treated biomass into a first liquid component comprising sugars and a first solids component comprising cellulose and the lignin composition;hydrolysing the first solids component of the pre-treated biomass into a hydrolysed biomass comprising sugars and the lignin composition;separating the hydrolysed biomass into a second liquid component comprising sugars and a second solids component comprising the lignin composition;supplying the second solids component comprising the lignin composition to a pelleting apparatus to produce the pellets;wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin.14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the supplying comprises supplying the second solids component to a pelleting apparatus ...

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Номер записи: 71
11-02-2016 дата публикации

Treatment

Номер: US20160040354A1
Автор: Brandt Agnieszka, Hallett Jason P., Welton Tom
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to an improved method for treating a lignocellulose biomass in order to dissolve the lignin therein, while the cellulose does not dissolve. The cellulose pulp obtained can be used to produce glucose. In addition the lignin can be isolated for subsequent use in the renewable chemical industry as a source for aromatic platform chemicals. 2. A method as claimed in wherein at least one of Ato Ais not H.3. A method as claimed in or wherein at least one of Ato Ais H.4. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein said cation is an alkylammonium or mixture thereof.5. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein said cation is an alcoholamine or mixture thereof.6. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the anion selected from [MeSO] claim 1 , acetate claim 1 , [HSO]and [MeSO].7. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the cation is selected from trimethylammonium claim 1 , triethylammonium claim 1 , triethanolammonium claim 1 , diethylammonium claim 1 , diisopropylammonium claim 1 , diethanolammonium claim 1 , methylammonium claim 1 , ethylammonium claim 1 , monoethanolammonium and diethylbenzylammonium.8. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the ionic liquid is [alkylammonium][hydrogen sulfate].9. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the ionic liquid is triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [HSO] claim 1 , diethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [HSO] claim 1 , or ethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [HSO]10. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the composition comprises 5-40% v/v water.11. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the ionic liquid further comprises 0.01-20% v/v acid12. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the lignocellulose biomass is contacted with the composition at 100-180° C.13. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the lignocellulose biomass is contacted with the composition for 15 min-24 hours.14. A method as claimed in any one of to further comprising the step of(b) separating the ...

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Номер записи: 72
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Methods of making and using lignin derivatives

Номер: US20180037598A1
Автор: Chin Li Cheung, Mark Alan HELLE
Принадлежит: NuTech Ventures Inc

Materials and methods for preparing reactive lignin and for preparing a bio-based adhesive are described herein.

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Номер записи: 73
08-02-2018 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION COMPRISING HUMINS

Номер: US20180037831A1
Автор: Boot Michael Dirk, de Jong Edserd, van der Waal Jan Cornelis
Принадлежит:

A fuel composition comprises humins and at least one organic oxygenated solvent which has an apparent viscosity of at most 1.5 Pa·s at 100° C. at a shear rate of 30 s. Humins are produced by the dehydration of carbohydrates. The organic oxygenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, which may be aromatic, cycloaliphatic and aliphatic, and mixtures thereof. The fuel compositions can be used as marine fuel. 1. Fuel composition comprising humins and at least one organic oxygenated solvent which has an apparent viscosity of at most 1.5 Pa·s at 100° C. at a shear rate of 30 s.2. Fuel composition according to claim 1 , which has an apparent viscosity in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 Pa·s claim 1 , preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.08 Pa·s.3. Fuel composition according to claim 1 , comprising the humins in an amount ranging from 1 to 99% wt claim 1 , based on the weight of the fuel composition.4. Fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the humins have been produced by the dehydration of carbohydrates.5. Fuel composition according to claim 1 , comprising the organic oxygenated solvent in an amount ranging from 1 to 99% wt claim 1 , based on the weight of the fuel composition.6. Fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organic oxygenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols claim 1 , ethers claim 1 , aldehydes claim 1 , ketones claim 1 , acids claim 1 , esters claim 1 , which may be aromatic claim 1 , cycloaliphatic and aliphatic claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. Fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organic oxygenated solvent has been selected from the group consisting of mono-alcohols having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms claim 1 , ethers having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms claim 1 , and C-Cesters of carboxylic acids claim 1 , containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.8. Fuel composition according to claim 7 , wherein the organic ...

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Номер записи: 74
12-02-2015 дата публикации

Flocculation of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates

Номер: US20150044733A1
Автор: Bandaru V. Ramarao, Lakshmi Rakesh Kumar Yasarla, Thomas Amidon
Принадлежит: Research Foundation of State University of New York

A method of separating a lignin-rich solid phase from a solution, comprising: pretreating a lignocellulosic biomass with a pretreatment fluid having to remove soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles; separating the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass from the pretreatment fluid with soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles; flocculating the separated pretreatment fluid with soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles using PEO or CPAM as a flocculating agent; and filtering the flocculated separated pretreatment fluid with soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles to remove agglomerates.

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Номер записи: 75
12-02-2015 дата публикации

ISOLATION METHOD FOR WATER INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF A BIOMASS AND PRODUCTS PROVIDED THEREFROM

Номер: US20150045543A1
Автор: Mitchell Melvin
Принадлежит:

The process includes pretreating the biomass with a first basic solution such as sodium hydroxide and mechanically altering the fibers to provide a fluidized biomass. The fluidized biomass is then subjected to high frequency pulses and shear forces without denaturing the individual components of the biomass. The biomass is then subjected to compressive force to separate a first liquid fraction from a first fractionated biomass. The first fractionated biomass may again then be subjected to the same high frequency pulses and shear forces as previously, particularly if there are hemicellulose and/or sugars still present in the first fractionated biomass. Compressive forces are used to separate a second liquid fraction from a second fractionated biomass. The second fractionated biomass is subjected to oxidation such as with hydrogen peroxide at a pH of 8 to 12. The second fractioned biomass is then subjected to compressive forces to separate one or more water insoluble components of the biomass in water soluble form. 1. A process for providing water insoluble components of a biomass in water soluble form and a biomass substantially devoid of hemicellulose , sugar and the water insoluble components , the process comprising:a) pretreating the biomass with a first basic solution;b) subjecting the pretreated biomass to high frequency pulses and shear forces without denaturing the individual components of the biomass;c) subjecting the biomass to compressive force to separate a first liquid fraction from a first fractionated biomass;d) subjecting the first fractionated biomass to the same high frequency pulses and shear forces of step b);e) subjecting the first fractionated biomass to compressive forces to separate a second liquid fraction from a second fractionated biomass wherein the second fractionated biomass is substantially devoid of hemicelluloses and sugars;f) subjecting the second fractionated biomass substantially devoid of hemicelluloses and sugars to oxidation at ...

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Номер записи: 76
12-02-2015 дата публикации

BIOMASS FRACTIONATION AND EXTRACTION METHODS AND APPARATUS

Номер: US20150045544A1
Автор: Mitchell Melvin
Принадлежит:

A biomass fractionation apparatus includes a vessel having a processing chamber, an inlet configured to receive a biomass into the processing chamber, and an outlet configured to discharge processed biomass from the chamber. A bed plate is movably positioned within the processing chamber and includes a plurality of elongated fins extending outwardly therefrom in substantially parallel spaced-apart relationship. A cylindrical rotor is rotatably secured within the processing chamber in adjacent, spaced-apart relationship with the bed plate. The rotor has a plurality of elongated blades extending radially outwardly therefrom in circumferentially spaced-apart relationship. Upon rotation of the rotor, the blades are configured to accelerate a biomass within the processing chamber against the fins of the bed plate and to cause the bed plate to pulsate against the rotor. 1. A biomass fractionation apparatus , comprising:a vessel comprising a processing chamber, an inlet configured to receive biomass into the processing chamber, and an outlet configured to discharge processed biomass from the chamber;a bed plate movably positioned within the processing chamber;a cylindrical rotor rotatably secured within the processing chamber in adjacent, spaced-apart relationship with the bed plate, the rotor having a plurality of elongated blades extending radially outwardly therefrom in circumferentially spaced-apart relationship, and wherein, upon rotation of the rotor, the blades are configured to accelerate biomass flowing through the processing chamber against the bed plate; anda biasing mechanism configured to urge the bed plate towards the rotor against an opposite force caused by flow of the biomass through the processing chamber.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a motor operably connected to the rotor and configured to rotate the rotor.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the vessel inlet claim 2 , wherein the pump is ...

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Номер записи: 77
06-02-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR TREATING LIGNIN AND FOR PRODUCING A BINDER COMPOSITION

Номер: US20200040022A1
Автор: Pietarinen Suvi, Ringena Okko, Valkonen Sanna
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for treating lignin, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) dissolving lignin into an aqueous composition, which contains a compound selected from the class of phenols, while keeping the temperature of the composition at 0-16° C.; and b) allowing the composition to react while keeping the temperature of the composition at 60-100° C. and the pH of the composition at a pH valise of 6-14. The invention relates further to a method for producing a binder composition and to different applications thereof. 119-. (canceled)20. A binder composition obtainable by a method comprising:a) dissolving lignin into an aqueous composition, which contains a compound selected from the class of phenols, while keeping the temperature of the composition at 0-60° C.;b) allowing the composition to react while keeping the temperature of the composition at 60 100° C. and the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14; andc) mixing the composition formed in step b) with a crosslinking agent and heating the composition at a temperature of 60-100° C. while keeping the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14.21. An adhesive composition comprising A binder composition produced using a method comprising:a) dissolving lignin into an aqueous composition, which contains a compound selected from the class of phenols, while keeping the temperature of the composition at 0-60° C.;b) allowing the composition to react while keeping the temperature of the composition at 60 100° C. and the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14; andc) mixing the composition formed in step b) with a crosslinking agent and heating the composition at a temperature of 60-100° C. while keeping the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14.2224-. (canceled)25. The binder composition of claim 20 , wherein step c) comprises heating the composition at a temperature of 65-95° C.26. The binder composition of claim 20 , wherein the pH of the composition is kept claim 20 , in ...

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Номер записи: 78
06-02-2020 дата публикации

FUNCTIONALIZED LIGNIN AS A DISPERSING AGENT FOR RUBBER COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20200040142A1
Автор: AURISICCHIO Claudia, CALIANO Ludovica, Crestini Claudia, Di Ronza Raffaele
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

Lignin having a plurality of functionalizations of the general formula I 3. Use of functionalized lignin according to claim 2 , characterized in that R is —OArLig and R′ is —OH.4. Use of functionalized lignin according to claim 2 , characterized in that n is between 1 and 5.5. Use of functionalized lignin according to claim 2 , characterized in that said functionalized lignin is derived from Kraft lignin. The present invention relates to functionalized lignin to be used as a dispersing agent for rubber compounds.The usage of lignin as a dispersing agent within rubber compounds for making pneumatic tyre parts has long been known.Lignin is an organic substance that binds the cells and fibers that constitute wood and the lignified elements of plants. After cellulose, it is the most abundant renewable source of carbon on earth. Although it is not possible to define the precise structure of lignin as a chemical molecule, it is however possible to identify lignin as a polymeric structure based upon the following three phenylpropane units: -p-coumaryl alcohol; -coniferyl alcohol (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl alcohol); -sinapyl alcohol (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol). As can easily be inferred from the chemical structure of the core components of lignin, the latter is particularly rich in hydroxyl groups, mainly of the phenolic, alcohol or carboxylic type that render the same lignin particularly suitable for functionalization by means of esterification and/or etherification reactions.Commercially, there exist different types of lignin which differ according to the different extraction process by which they were obtained. The Kraft process and the Sulphonation process constitute two examples of processes that are dedicatedto the extraction of lignin.In particular, Kraft Lignin is a byproduct of the Kraft process that is utilized in order to chemically extract cellulose from wood. This is obtained by means of precipitation, lowering the pH of spent liquor from the ...

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Номер записи: 79
01-05-2014 дата публикации

Ph-induced fractionation processes for recovery of lignin

Номер: US20140121359A1
Автор: John C. Blackburn, Julian Velez-Guillen, Mark C. Thies, Michael A. Lake
Принадлежит: Individual

There are provided processes for recovering a “heart-cut” liquid-lignin fraction from a lignin-containing stream such as a black liquor stream from a paper making process or the crude lignin stream within a non-destructive biomass conversion process by carbonating, acidifying and recovering the liquid-lignin fraction. The processes generally include reacting black liquor with a carefully selected amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to decrementally reduce the pH of the black liquor and produce fractions of a dense liquid-lignin precipitate at each pH decrement to about a pH of 8. The sequential reduction in pH is less than or equal to about 1.5 in most embodiments, less than 1.0 in other embodiments, and less than 0.50 in still other embodiments. It has been discovered that lignin recovered from the dense liquid-lignin precipitate at the different pH decrements can have different molecular weight ranges and/or structures. This process provides an improved lignin with a more narrow distribution of molecular weight, melt point, and chemical structure that is more suitable for high-value polymer applications.

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Номер записи: 80
01-05-2014 дата публикации

INJECTION OF A CHEMICAL REAGENT INTO A PROCESS STREAM THAT CONTAINS LIGNIN

Номер: US20140121360A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

One example embodiment includes inserting a chemical reagent into a process stream that contains one or more lignins to form one or more modified lignins. The formed one or more modified lignins are different than the one or more lignins in the process stream. The one or more modified lignins can be formed in the process stream before a precipitation stage and then separated from the process stream. Also, contaminates can be removed from the separated one or more modified lignins and the one or more modified lignins can be pressed and dried. 1. A method , comprising:inserting a chemical reagent into a process stream that contains one or more lignins to form one or more modified lignins, wherein the one or more modified lignins are different than the one or more lignins in the process stream; andseparating the one or more modified lignins from the process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins are formed in the process stream before a precipitation stage.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:removing contaminates from the separated one or more modified lignins.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:pressing and drying the separated one or more modified lignins.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical reagent is a compound of inorganic or small organic molecules.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the chemical reagent is a Collins reagent claim 5 , a Fenton's reagent claim 5 , or a Grignard reagent.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins are formed in a storage tank before a precipitation stage in the process stream.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins are formed using hydroxyalkylation claim 1 , alkylation claim 1 , acylation claim 1 , esterification claim 1 , or etherification.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins include hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL).10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the HPL is precipitated out by reducing ...

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Номер записи: 81
15-02-2018 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for Post-Fermentation Lignin Recovery

Номер: US20180044363A1
Автор: Armiger William B., Dodds David R.
Принадлежит:

Provided herein is process and system for the production of high-quality lignin by treating the post-fermentation solids. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a novel process comprising: providing a solid material remaining at the end of a fermentation process, wherein the fermentation process utilizes a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock; extracting lignin from the solid material into a liquid phase; and recovering lignin from liquid phase. In some embodiments, the fermentation process produces one or more of ethanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, lactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, succinic acid, 1,3-propanediol and 1,4-butanediol. In one embodiment's, the fermentation process produces ethanol. 1. A process for producing lignin , comprising :providing a solid material remaining at the end of a fermentation process, wherein the fermentation process utilizes a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock;extracting lignin from the solid material into a liquid phase; andrecovering lignin from liquid phase.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation process produces one or more of ethanol claim 1 , n-butanol claim 1 , iso-butanol claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , polyhydroxyalkanoates claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-propanediol and 1 claim 1 ,4-butanediol.3. The process of wherein the extracting step operates at approximately 180° C. to 220° C. and approximately 20 to 35 atmospheres of pressure claim 1 , optionally in the presence of an organic solvent.4. The process of wherein the organic solvent is ethanol.5. The process of any one of - wherein the extracting step takes place in a steam explosion equipment.6. The process of further comprising removing spent cells from the fermentation process claim 1 , prior to the extracting step.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recovering step comprises precipitating lignin by adding water to the liquid phase and/or boiling off the solvent.8. The process of further comprising recovering a carbohydrate ...

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Номер записи: 82
16-02-2017 дата публикации

UPGRADING LIGNIN FROM LIGNIN-CONTAINING RESIDUES THROUGH REACTIVE EXTRACTION

Номер: US20170044328A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Y., CAPANEMA Ewellyn A., Colakyan Manuk, LIPIECKI Francis
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are methods of functionalizing lignin using reactive extraction. The invention also generally relates to functionalized lignin. An exemplary method for producing functionalized lignin is disclosed, which comprises: providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and wherein the first mixture comprises: a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and a first solid fraction comprising cellulose. 1. A method for producing functionalized lignin , the method comprising:providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and', a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and', 'a first solid fraction comprising cellulose., 'wherein the first mixture comprises], 'subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture;'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid further comprises an acid.35.-. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subjecting is performed at a first pressure of less than 73 bar.7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residue is a biorefinery residue obtained from a process selected from the group consisting of enzymatic hydrolysis claim 1 , acid hydrolysis claim 1 , steam explosion claim 1 , a treatment comprising SO claim 1 , a treatment comprising CO claim 1 , and any combination thereof.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the first liquid fraction from the first solid fraction claim 1 , thereby forming a separated first liquid fraction claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 83
15-02-2018 дата публикации

PRODUCTS EXTRACTED FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20180044482A1
Автор: RICHTER Isabella, Wittmann Tobias
Принадлежит: SUNCOAL INUDUSTRIES GMBH

Products extracted from black liquor include undissolved carbonized lignin and carbonized black liquor. The products further include solid carbon separated from the black liquor. Black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process is subjected to a hydrothermal carbonization process. Undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor. The remaining carbonized black liquor is fed back into the alkaline fractionation process. The undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor and purified. 1. An undissolved carbonized lignin extracted from black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 60 percent by mass,the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is higher by at least 5 percent by mass than the fraction of the chemical element carbon in an ash-free and dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is a maximum of 10 percent by mass,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is lower by at least 50 percent by mass than the ash fraction of the dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the softening temperature of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 200° C., andthe dry matter content of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 40 percent by mass.2. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 68 percent by mass.3. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fraction of the chemical element carbon ...

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Номер записи: 84
19-02-2015 дата публикации

Liquid / Liquid Separation of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Produce Sugar Syrups and Lignin Fractions

Номер: US20150051385A1
Автор: Binder Thomas
Принадлежит:

A process for production of C5 and C6 sugar enriched syrups from lignocellulosic biomass and fermentation products therefrom is described. A lignocellulosic biomass is treated with acetic acid with washing thereof with a C-Cacid-miscible organic solvent, (e.g., ethyl acetate). A soluble hemicellulose and lignin enriched fraction is obtained separately from a cellulose pulp enriched fraction and lignin is removed from the soluble hemicellulose fraction. The soluble hemicellulose and lignin enriched fraction is subjected to liquid/liquid separation to obtain an aqueous phase enriched in C5 sugars and C6 sugars and reduced in content of acetic acid. The syrup is suitable for fermentation. The process also produces fractions of organic-insoluble lignin, organic-soluble lignin, and acetate salts. 1. A method of processing lignocellulosic biomass , comprising:a. contacting a lignocellulosic biomass with a first amount of acetic acid;b. heating the contacted lignocellulosic biomass to a temperature and for a time sufficient to hydrolytically release a first portion of hemicellulose and lignin, forming a hydrolysate liquid and an acylated lignocellulose cake;c. separating the acylated lignocellulosic cake from the hydrolysate liquid;d. contacting the acylated lignocellulose cake with a second amount of the acetic acid to wash hemicellulose and lignin from the acylated lignocellulosic cake and separating an acid wash liquid from the acid washed acylated lignocellulosic cake;{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'e. contacting the acid washed acylated lignocellulose cake with a first amount of a C-Cacid-miscible organic solvent to wash the acetic acid, hemicellulose and lignin from the acid washed acylated lignocellulosic cake and recovering the C-Cacid-miscible solvent wash liquid separate from the solvent washed acylated lignocellulose cake;'}f. combining the solvent wash liquid with at least one of the hydrolysate and the acid wash liquid forming an acidic organic solvent extract;g. ...

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Номер записи: 85
03-03-2022 дата публикации

METHOD TO VALORIZE 2G BIOETHANOL WASTE STREAMS

Номер: US20220064199A1
Автор: Agrawal Ruchi, GUPTA Ravi Prakash, Kumar Ravindra, PURI Suresh Kumar, RAMAKUMAR Sankara Sri Venkata, SATLEWAL Alok, Saxena Deepak
Принадлежит:

An integrated approach for utilizing waste products of 2G bio-refineries to fractionate the lignin of high purity. The present invention also provides a method of recycling of two waste products (2-G ethanol residue as the substrate (LRBR) and fusel oil/synthetic fusel oil (SFO) as one of the solvent) of the biorefineries in a beneficial manner to fractionate the lignin of high purity. The present method of separating high purity lignin comprises fractioning extractive-free lignin rich residue with a solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of SFO/Fusel oil and Formic acid. An optimized ratio of waste fusel oil and formic acid gave more than >85% yields of high purity lignin. 1. A method for separating high purity lignin from waste streams , the method comprising:i. removing extractives from the waste steam using by hot water treatment at 70-90° C., and repeating the step for 2-5 times;ii. extracting solids obtained in pervious step with technical spirit or fusel oil, and repeating the step 1-2 times to obtain extractive-free lignin rich residue;iii. fractioning extractive-free lignin rich residue obtained in previous step with a solvent in high pressure reactor;iv. separating the slurry obtained in pervious step into solid and liquid fractions.v. washing the solid fraction with solvent of step (iii), followed by washing with water; andvi. combining the wash from step (v) to liquid fraction and recovering the lignin.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the waste steam is a bioethanol residue of the biorefineries and wherein extractive-free lignin rich residue is an extractive-free lignin rich bioethanol residue (LRBR).3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic solvents used in step (iii) is selected from methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , propionic acid claim 1 , synthetic fusel oil (SFO) claim 1 , fusel oil or combination thereof.4. The ...

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Номер записи: 86
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Method For Obtaining Low Molecular Weight Lignin

Номер: US20220064200A1
Автор: Amaral Antunes Joana Raquel, Birikh Klara, Heikkilä Matti Wilhelm, Suonpaa Anu Minna Maaret
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to obtaining lignin preparations of desirable molecular size and properties. It describes a method of de-polymerizing lignin of high molecular weight into low molecular weight lignin. More in particular, the invention provides a method for producing lignin with a low molecular weight wherein high molecular weight lignin is contacted with an alkaline laccase at alkaline pH in a reaction vessel and wherein the lignin with a molecular weight below 2 kDa is selectively removed from the reaction vessel during the reaction.

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Номер записи: 87
14-02-2019 дата публикации

Liquid lignin composition, lignin-based resin, and method of increasing the solubility of lignin

Номер: US20190048192A1
Автор: Ashar ZAFAR, Dimitri Areskogh, Jesper Ekstrom
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a liquid lignin mixture comprising 3-50 wt % methanol, 12-50 wt % lignin and 5-85 wt % aqueous alkali solution wherein the concentration of said aqueous alkali solution is 1 to 50 wt % of alkali in water, based on the weight of said alkali solution prior to mixing with the other components of the mixture. The liquid lignin mixture can be used to manufacture lignin-based phenolic resins, which are particularly useful in the manufacture of laminates.

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Номер записи: 88
25-02-2016 дата публикации

HYDROXIDE CATALYSTS FOR LIGNIN DEPOLYMERIZATION

Номер: US20160052949A1
Автор: BECKHAM Gregg T., BIDDY Mary J., CHMELY Stephen C., KRUGER Jacob S., STURGEON Matthew
Принадлежит:

Solid base catalysts and their use for the base-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of lignin to compounds such as aromatics are presented herein. Exemplary catalysts include layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as recyclable, heterogeneous catalysts for BCD of lignin. 1. A method comprising contacting an aromatic-containing material with a solvent and a catalyst , wherein the catalyst comprises an anion associated with a solid , wherein the contacting breaks at least one bond of the material , creating at least one lower molecular weight product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic-containing material comprises a lignin-derived compound.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the lignin-derived compound comprises at least one of p-coumaryl alcohol claim 2 , coniferyl alcohol claim 2 , or sinapyl alcohol.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises at least one of water claim 1 , an alcohol claim 1 , or a ketone.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the solvent comprises at least one of water claim 4 , methanol claim 4 , ethanol claim 4 , propanol claim 4 , isopropanol claim 4 , acetone claim 4 , methyl isobutyl ketone claim 4 , heptane claim 4 , tert-butanol claim 4 , 2-ethyl-1-hexanol claim 4 , or 3-methyl-3-pentanol.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid comprises at least one of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) claim 1 , an aluminosilicate claim 1 , an alumina claim 1 , a silica claim 1 , or titanium dioxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid comprises an LDH characterized by [MM(OH)].8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the LDH is MgAl(OH).9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid comprises an LDH and the anion associated with the LDH comprises at least one of carbonate claim 6 , nitrate claim 6 , nitrite claim 6 , arsenate claim 6 , phosphate claim 6 , arsenite claim 6 , hydrogen phosphate claim 6 , dihydrogen phosphate claim 6 , sulfate claim 6 , hydrogen sulfate claim 6 , nitrite claim 6 , thiosulfate claim 6 , sulfite claim 6 , ...

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Номер записи: 89
13-02-2020 дата публикации

METHODS FOR LIGNIN DEPOLYMERIZATION USING THIOLS

Номер: US20200048292A1
Автор: Hegg Eric Linke, JACKSON James E., Klinger Grace Elizabeth
Принадлежит:

The disclosure relates to a method for depolymerizing lignin. The method includes reacting a lignin compound with a thiol compound to depolymerize the lignin compound and to form a depolymerized lignin product having a reduced molecular weight relative to the lignin compound prior to reacting. The method can further include forming an oxidized thiol reaction product between two thiol groups from one or more thiol compounds, and then reducing the oxidized thiol reaction product to re-form or regenerate the thiol compound for further lignin depolymerization. 1. A method for depolymerizing lignin , the method comprising:reacting a lignin compound with a thiol compound to depolymerize the lignin compound and to form a depolymerized lignin product having a reduced molecular weight relative to the lignin compound prior to reacting.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin compound comprises a cross-linked phenolic polymer comprising at least one of β-O-4 ether linkages claim 1 , α-O-4 ether linkages claim 1 , 4-O-5 ether linkages claim 1 , β-β carbon-carbon linkages claim 1 , β-1 carbon-carbon linkages claim 1 , β-5 carbon-carbon linkages claim 1 , and 5-5 carbon-carbon linkages between phenolic monomer units in the cross-linked phenolic polymer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the depolymerized lignin product has 50% or less linkages between phenolic monomer units in the cross-linked phenolic polymer relative to the lignin compound prior to reacting.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depolymerized lignin product has a molecular weight of 50% or less relative to the molecular weight of the lignin compound prior to reacting.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin compound prior to reacting has a number-average molecular weight of at least 400 g/mol.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the depolymerized lignin product has a number-average molecular weight of 50% or less relative to the number-average molecular weight of the lignin compound prior to reacting.7. ...

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Номер записи: 90
01-03-2018 дата публикации

Process for Producing Humic Acid-Derived Conductive Foams

Номер: US20180057360A1
Автор: Jang Bor Z., Zhamu Aruna
Принадлежит: Nanotek Instruments, Inc.

A process for producing a humic acid (HA)-derived foam, comprising: (a) preparing a HA dispersion having multiple HA molecules and an optional blowing agent dispersed in a liquid medium having a blowing agent-to-HA weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing the HA dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet HA layer; (c) partially or completely removing liquid medium from the wet HA layer to form a dried HA layer; and (d) heat treating the dried HA layer at a first heat treatment temperature from 80° C. to 3,200° C. at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from the non-carbon elements or to activate the blowing agent for producing the HA-derived foam. 1. A process for producing a humic acid-derived foam , said process comprising:(a) preparing a humic acid dispersion having multiple humic acid molecules or sheets dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said humic acid is selected from a group consisting of oxidized humic acid, reduced humic acid, fluorinated humic acid, chlorinated humic acid, brominated humic acid, iodized humic acid, hydrogenated humic acid, nitrogenated humic acid, doped humic acid, chemically functionalized humic acid, and a combination thereof and wherein said dispersion contains an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-humic acid weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0;(b) dispensing and depositing said humic acid dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of humic acid;(c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of humic acid to form a dried layer of humic acid; and{'sub': '002', '(d) heat treating the dried layer of humic acid at a first heat treatment temperature from 80° C. to 3,200° C. at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said humic acid-derived foam, which is composed of multiple pores and pore ...

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Номер записи: 91
12-03-2015 дата публикации

LIGNIN AND METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN

Номер: US20150068112A1
Автор: Miettinen Mauno, Nissinen Vilho, Pietarinen Suvi, Pykäläinen Nina, Sipponen Juha, Varvemaa Päivi
Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

The invention relates to a method for processing lignin. The method includes feeding lignin material to the system, decreasing particle size of the lignin material in a grinding device in order to manufacture lignin powder having particle size distribution wherein at least 85 wt. % of the lignin agglomerates and particles are less than 300 microns, and increasing dry solids content of the lignin material at least 5 percentage units while decreasing the particle size in the grinding device. In addition, the invention relates to a system for processing lignin, a lignin powder, a method for manufacturing a product including lignin, a system for manufacturing a product including lignin and a product including lignin powder. 124-. (canceled)25. A method for processing lignin , the method comprising:feeding lignin material to the system;decreasing particle size of the lignin material in a grinding device in order to manufacture lignin powder having particle size distribution wherein at least 85 wt. % of the lignin agglomerates and particles are less than 300 microns; andincreasing dry solids content of the lignin material at least 5 percentage units while decreasing the particle size in the grinding device.26. The method according to claim 25 , wherein at least 90% of the lignin agglomerates and particles in the lignin powder have a size of less than 200 microns.27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein at least 95% of the lignin agglomerates and particles in the lignin powder have a size of less than 100 microns.28. The method according to claim 25 , wherein dry solids content of the lignin material introduced to the system is between 40 and 90%.29. The method according to claim 25 , wherein dry solids content of the manufactured powder is between 80 and 100%.30. The method according to claim 25 , whereindry solids content of the lignin material introduced to the system is between 40 and 90%, anddry solids content of the manufactured powder is between 80 and 100%.31 ...

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Номер записи: 92
28-02-2019 дата публикации

ORGANOSOLV PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF HIGHLY PURE LIGNIN AND PRODUCTS COMPRISING THE SAME

Номер: US20190062359A1
Автор: KOUMBA YOYA GEORGES, STEVANOVIC Tatjana
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITE LAVAL

A highly pure lignin comprising a lignin content of at least 97% and characterized by a low carbohydrate content and substantially no sulfur content is disclosed herein. An organosolv process for extracting the highly pure lignin is also disclosed herein. The process comprises pretreating a lignocellulosic material in a first polar protic solvent, to remove extractive compounds and to provide a pretreated lignocellulosic material; and treating the pretreated lignocellulosic material with a Lewis acid in a second polar protic solvent. 1. An organosolv process for extracting highly pure lignin from a lignocellulosic material , the process comprising:pretreating the lignocellulosic material in a first polar protic solvent, to remove extractive compounds and to provide a pretreated lignocellulosic material; andtreating the pretreated lignocellulosic material with a Lewis acid in a second polar protic solvent, to provide a highly pure lignin.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first polar protic solvent is at least one of CHCOOH claim 1 , HCOOH claim 1 , HO claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , EtOH claim 1 , iPrOH claim 1 , PrOH claim 1 , BuOH claim 1 , iBuOH or tBuOH or combinations of any thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second polar protic solvent is at least one of CHCOOH claim 1 , HCOOH claim 1 , HO claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , EtOH claim 1 , iPrOH claim 1 , PrOH claim 1 , BuOH claim 1 , iBuOH or tBuOH or combinations of any thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first polar protic solvent is a mixture of polar protic solvents.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the mixture of polar protic solvents includes a ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 of two polar protic solvents.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second polar protic solvent is a mixture of polar protic solvents.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the mixture of polar protic solvents includes a ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 of two polar protic solvents.10. ( ...

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Номер записи: 93
08-03-2018 дата публикации

NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS DERIVED FROM LIGNIN

Номер: US20180066116A1
Автор: BRABEZ Nabila, MABON Ross, Reiner Virginia M., WITTRIG Ashley M.
Принадлежит:

Technical lignin compositions and pyrolysis methods for forming such technical lignin compositions from pyrolyzed biomass are provided. The technical lignin compositions can include at least about 50 wt % phenolic polymers and/or at least about 75 wt % combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers. In some aspects, less than about 50 wt % of the linkages between benzylic units in the phenolic polymers and/or in the composition can correspond to β-O-4 linkages. At least about 50 wt% of the hydroxyl groups in the composition can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups. At least about 60 wt % of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups in an ortho position relative to at least one substituent. 1. A technical lignin composition comprising:at least about 60 wt % phenolic polymers, at least about 75 wt % combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers, or a combination thereof,at least about 50 wt % of the hydroxyl groups in the technical lignin composition comprising phenolic hydroxyl groups,at least about 60% of the phenolic hydroxyl groups comprising a phenolic hydroxyl group in an ortho position relative to at least one substituent,about 70% or less of linkages connecting benzylic units in the phenolic polymers comprising an ether group or a carbonyl group,about 50% or less of linkages connecting benzylic units in the phenolic polymers comprising β-O-4 linkages,the phenolic polymers further comprising a ratio of aromatic carbons to aliphatic carbons, exclusive of methoxy groups, of at least about 2.3.2. The technical lignin composition of claim 1 , wherein the combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers comprise an effective hydrogen index of about 1.0 or less.3. The technical lignin composition of claim 1 , wherein at least about 60% of the phenolic hydroxyl groups comprise a phenolic hydroxyl group in an ortho position relative to two substituents.4. The technical lignin ...

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Номер записи: 94
12-03-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE STEPWISE TREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL TO PRODUCE REACTIVE CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20150072389A1
Автор: PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora, RYHAM Rolf
Принадлежит:

A method for the fractionation of lignocellulosic materials into reactive chemical feedstock in a batch or semi continuous process by the stepwise treatment with aqueous aliphatic alcohols in the presence of sulfur dioxide or acid. Lignocellulosic material is fractionated in a fashion that cellulose is removed as pulp, or converted to esterified cellulose, cooking chemicals are reused, lignin is separated in the forms of reactive native lignin and reactive lignosulfonates and hemicelluloses are converted into fermentable sugars, while fermentation inhibitors are removed. In an integrated vapor compression stripper and evaporator system, aliphatic alcohol is removed from a liquid stream and the resulting stream is concentrated for further processing. 134-. (canceled)35. A process for producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic material , said process comprising (a) treating said lignocellulosic material with a solution of aliphatic alcohol , water , and sulfur dioxide at a concentration higher than 8 wt % , to generate cellulose and a liquid hydrolyzate; (b) removing said cellulose from said hydrolyzate; and (c) separately hydrolyzing oligomers contained in said hydrolyzate to generate fermentable sugars.36. The process of claim 35 , wherein a different concentration of said solution of aliphatic alcohol claim 35 , water claim 35 , and sulfur dioxide is used in a first stage of treatment of said lignocellulosic material than is used in one or more subsequent stages of treatment with intermediate removal of hydrolyzate and cellulose.37. The process of claim 35 , wherein said process is carried out at for a period of time between 15 minutes and 720 minutes.38. The process of claim 35 , wherein said process is carried out at temperatures between 65° C. and 200° C.39. The process of claim 35 , wherein said aliphatic alcohol is produced from fermenting and distilling hydrolyzed fermentable sugars produced in said process claim 35 , and wherein said aliphatic alcohol ...

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Номер записи: 95
11-03-2021 дата публикации

A Method for Producing High-activity Lignin and By-product Furfural and Application

Номер: US20210070948A1
Автор: Chengzhen Jiang, FENG Shi, Shaofeng Gao
Принадлежит: Jinan Shengquan Group Share Holding Co Ltd

A method for producing high-activity lignin and by-product furfural and an application, includes: using a dissolving pulp pre-hydrolysate and/or sulfite cooking liquor as the raw material, and catalyzing by employing an acid as a catalyst to obtain the lignin and furfural, wherein the acid is one or a combination of at least two of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. According to the method, the yield of the obtained lignin and furfural is further increased by catalyzing the dissolving pulp pre-hydrolysate and/or the sulfite cooking liquor with the acid. Lignin especially has higher reactivity and low molecular weight, and the ratio of 5-methyl furfural in furfural to furfural is in a proper range, so that the strength of furan resin prepared from furfural is improved.

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Номер записи: 96
11-03-2021 дата публикации

LIGNIN DISPERSION COMPOSITION AND ITS USE IN STABILIZING EMULSIONS

Номер: US20210070949A1
Автор: CUI Mengmeng, Naskar Amit K.
Принадлежит:

A lignin dispersion composition comprising spherical lignin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium, wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 100 nm to 5 microns. Also described herein is a method of producing the lignin dispersion, by: (i) dissolving lignin in an organic solvent substantially devoid of water yet miscible with water to result in a solution of the lignin in the organic solvent; and (ii) producing the lignin dispersion by dialyzing the solution of the lignin with water until substantially all of the organic solvent is replaced with water with simultaneous formation of spherical lignin particles dispersed in the water. Also described herein is a method for stabilizing an emulsion by intimately mixing the emulsion with the lignin dispersion. Also described herein is a hierarchical assembly of porous microparticles produced by mixing the lignin dispersion with an emulsion and an amphiphilic block copolymer. 1. A lignin dispersion composition comprising spherical lignin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium , wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 100 nm to 5 microns.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition does not contain a surfactant.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium is at least 95 vol % water.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium contains a water-miscible organic solvent in an amount of up to 1 vol %.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 200 nm to 2 microns.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles are substantially uniform in size as characterized by a median particle size within a range of 400 nm to 4.9 microns and a maximum deviation from said median particle size of ±100 nm.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles are substantially uniform in size as characterized by a ...

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Номер записи: 97
12-03-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOBASED CHEMICALS FROM PLANT LIGNIN

Номер: US20150073131A1
Автор: Peterson John R., Wu Jian, Yost Christopher M.
Принадлежит:

The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of producing biobased aromatic chemicals, biobased aromatic fuels, and/or lignin residues from lignin is also described herein. 1. A method for biorefining , comprising the steps of:providing lignin biomass;processing said lignin biomass; andproducing at least one product from said lignin biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from at least one biomass of plant biomass claim 1 , woody plant biomass claim 1 , agricultural plant biomass claim 1 , and cultivated plant biomass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from at least one biomass of fresh biomass claim 1 , pulp and paper mill biomass claim 1 , and cellulosic ethanol refinery biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from kraft lignin.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from waste lignin.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said waste lignin is provided from at least one waste lignin of sulfite mill waste lignin claim 5 , kraft mill waste lignin claim 5 , and sugar cane mill waste lignin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said processing of said lignin biomass is provided from at least one process of chemical processing claim 1 , catalytic processing claim 1 , biological processing claim 1 , and pyrolytic processing.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising the step of providing a lignin pretreatment.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one product from said lignin biomass comprises at least one chemical of biobased aromatic chemicals claim 1 , biobased aromatic fuels claim 1 , and lignin residues.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said biobased aromatic chemicals comprise at least one chemical of commodity chemicals claim 9 , fine chemicals claim 9 , and specialty chemicals.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 98
16-03-2017 дата публикации

PREPARATION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20170073365A1
Автор: Ertl Ortwin, Fackler Karin, Messner Kurt, Ters Thomas
Принадлежит:

A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol, in particular with a Calcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature below 100° C., in particular from 40° C. to 90° C., in particular from 50° C. to 70° C., characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, in particular preferable 5 to 8 parts of base, are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol , at a temperature below 100° C. , characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base , are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 10:90 to 90:10.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used a pulping period of 2 hours to 36 hours.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used as lignocellulosic material straw claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , and/or glumes.5. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that isopropanol is used as Calcohol.6. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that ethanol is used as Calcohol.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 40° C. to 90° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 50° C. to 70° C.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein 4 to 10 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein 5 to 8 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 20:80 to 40:60.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 60:40 to 90:10.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is used a pulping period ...

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Номер записи: 99
05-03-2020 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN PARTICLES

Номер: US20200071468A1
Автор: BEISL Stefan, FRIEDL Anton, WEINWURM Felix
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for producing lignin particles, comprising the steps of: a) extracting lignin from a lignincontaining starter material, using a mixture that comprises at least one organic solvent and water, and b) precipitating the lignin in the solution from step a). 1. A process for the production of lignin particles , comprising the steps of:a) extracting lignin from a lignin-containing starting material by using a mixture comprising at least one organic solvent and water, andb) precipitating the lignin in solution from step a).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein insoluble components present in the solution from step a) are removed prior to step b).3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solution for precipitation in step b) comprises a maximum of 1% of insoluble components.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in step b) claim 1 , the lignin in solution is precipitated by decreasing the pH and/or by reducing the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent/water mixture.5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein organic solvent is removed from the lignin-containing organic solvent/water mixture at a rate of 0.1 to 2% by weight/min.6. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent/water mixture is exposed to a pressure of 50 to 500 mbar claim 4 , in order to precipitate lignin particles.7. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent/water mixture is exposed to a temperature of 20° C. to 60° C.8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein prior to precipitating it out claim 1 , the lignin in solution is adjusted to 0.1 to 50 g of lignin/L of organic solvent/water mixture.9. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the pH of the organic solvent/water mixture upon precipitation of the lignin by reducing the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent/water mixture is decreased by adding a water-acid mixture with a pH of 1 to 6.10. The process ...

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