УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ МОНОВИНИЛИДЕНАРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ И ПОЛИМОДАЛЬНЫЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

... 1. Способ получения высокомолекулярного моновинилиденароматического полимера, где винилароматический мономер полимеризуют свободнорадикальным способом в присутствии кислоты, имеющей рКа при 25°С ниже 2,0, отличающийся тем, что проводят нейтрализацию кислоты после получения заданного количества высокомолекулярного полимера достаточным количеством основания, таким, что в основном вся кислота нейтрализуется, и продолжение радикальной полимеризации в отсутствии кислоты при таких условиях, чтобы получать дополнительное количество высокомолекулярного моновинилиденароматического полимера. 2. Способ получения композиций моновинилиденароматического полимера с полимодальным молекулярномассовым распределением, где винилароматический мономер полимеризуют свободнорадикальным способом в присутствии кислоты, имеющей рКа при 25°С ниже 2,0, с получением высокомолекулярного моновинилиденароматического полимера, а низкомолекулярный моновинилиденароматический полимер получают на последующей стадии, отличающийся ...

POLYMERISATIONSVERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG SYNDIOTAKTISCHER VINYLAROMATISCHER POLYMERE UNTER ANWENDUNG NIEDRIGER WASSERSTOFF- PARTIALDRÜCKE

Verwendung von 2,5-substituierten Tetrahydrofuranen als anionische Initiatormodifiziermittel

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Styrol Polymere

Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Styrol in waessriger Suspension

KOHLENWASSERSTOFFPOLYMERE UND VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG

Katalysatorbestandteil zur Olefinpolymerisation

Verfahren zur Herstellung wasserexpandierbarer Styrolpolymerisate

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasser als einzigem Treibmittel enthaltenden Styrolpolymerisaten durch Polymerisation von Styrol in wässriger Suspension in Gegenwart eines amphiphilen organischen Emulgators, der sowohl hydrophile als auch hydrophobe Gruppen trägt, oder eines polare Gruppen tragenden Polymeren, das mit Wasser mischbar ist.

Process for making vinyl aryl polymers

Vinyl aryl polymer beads are prepared by polymerizing one or more vinyl aryl monomers while suspended in water containing zinc oxide as the suspending agent, the polymerization being initiated while the aqueous phase of the suspension is at a pH of at least 9.3 and the pH being maintained above 7.0 throughout the polymerization. The vinyl aryl monomer may be styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl xylene, or -ethylvinylbenzene, divinylbenzene, isopropyl styrene, tert.-butyl styrene, o- or p-monochlorostyrene, a dichlorostyrene or a mixture of one or more thereof with not more than 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl propionate, or acrylic or methacrylic acids. The pH may be maintained basic by means of tri- or di-sodium phosphate, sodium oleate, or ammonium or sodium hydroxides. The monomer suspension may contain a flameproofing agent, e.g. 1,2-dibromo-tetrachloro-ethane, monochloro-pentabromo-cyclohexane or tris(2,3-dibromo-propyl) phosphate. Benzoyl and dicumyl ...

Process of Preparing Polymers of Olefinically Unsaturated Compounds.

... 1,167,841. Metal carbonyl compounds as polymerization initiators. STAMICARBON N.V. 5 Jan., 1968 [5 Jan., 1967], No. 925/68. Heading C3P. A monovinyl aromatic monomer is polymerized with or without a conjugated diolefine and with or without a polyvinyl aromatic monomer with the aid of a catalyst composition derived from a transition metal carbonyl compound and a halide of a metal of the fourth to sixth groups of Mendeleev's Periodic System. A suitable combination is nickel tetracarbonyl and titanium tetrachloride. If desired part of the carbon monoxide evolved can be driven off before use. Polymerization preferably occurs in solution in an inert solvent.

Process for producing styrene based polymer and molded articles comprising the polymer

Production of styrene-type polymers

A monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and/or an ar-halo monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon is polymerized using t-butylperoxytrimethylsilane as catalyst. The monomer may be styrene or p-chlorostyrene or a mixture of styrene and a -methylstyrene, acrylonitrile or methyl methacrylate, of o-, m- and p-methylstyrenes, or a solution of a rubbery butadiene-styrene (75 : 25) copolymer in styrene. A catalytic amount of the silane may be dissolved in the monomer which is then heated at 75-125 DEG C. until 15-45% conversion to polymer and the temperature is then raised from 75-95 DEG C. to 180-200 DEG C. over a period of 3-7 hours and kept at that temperature for 0.5-5 hours. The temperature during the last part of the reaction is preferably 180-220 DEG C. The catalyst may include a second peroxy compound of half-like 10-15,000 hours in benzene at 100 DEG C., e.g. di-t-butyl peroxide. Specification 726,057 is referred to.

POLYMERS OF DICYCLOPENTADIENES UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS OR VINYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Process and Equipment for the arylvinylic polymerization of compounds in mass.

FUNCTIONAL STARTERS WITH EXTENDED CHAIN FOR THE ANIONI POLYMERIZATION

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SYNDIOTAKTI VINYLAROMATI POLYMER

STYRENE COPOLYMER AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH COPOLYMERS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE VINYLAROMATI POLYMERS WITH MAINLY SYNDIOTAKTI STRUCTURE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYMERS ON STYRENE BASIS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE COMPOSITIONS IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS IN PRESENCE OF ROSIN RESINIC ACIDS OR YOUR SALTS.

NEW MULTI-FULL OF SEEDS HALBMETALLOCEN CATALYST AND PRODUCTION OF STYRENE POLYMERS WITH ITS APPLICATION

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION GRAPHITIC PARTICLE OF ABSTENTIONS OF EXPAND-CASH OF STYRENE POLYMERS

Polymerization of insatiated hydrocarbons

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNDIOTAKTI STYRENE POLYMERS BY RECYCLING OF THE MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYMER PARTICLES

POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINEN

PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING STEREOSPEZIFI POLYMERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYMERE PARTICLES

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE VINYL AROMATIC POLYMERS HAVING MAINLY A SYNDIOTACTIC STRUCTURE

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A STYRENE-BASED POLYMER

COORDINATION CATALYST POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL AROMATIC MONOMERS IN INERT NON-SOLVENT LIQUID

COORDINATION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE MONOMER INVOLVING REMOVING ANY PHENYLACETYLENE BY HYDROGENATION

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers using chain transfer agent

Process for the preparation of polymer particles

Preparation of syndiotactic polyolefins from prochiral olefins

Method for producing polymers from vinylaromatic compounds by dispersion polymerisation with the addition of lubricating agents

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A STYRENE-BASED POLYMER

An improved process for producing high molecular weight monovinylidene aromatic polymers and polymodal compositions

A method of anionically polymerizing monomers by contacting the monomers with a monofunctional anionic polymerization initiator

EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITION

An epoxy resin composition comprising (A) a novel copolymer produced by polymerizing a polymerizable material selected from the group consisting of (a) substituted or unsubstituted dicyclopentadiene; (b) a cationically polymeriz? e unsaturated hydrocarbon-containing fraction obtained by distilling a cracking or reforming product of a petroleum and having a boiling point in the range of -20.degree.C. to 280.degree.C. (c) a cationically polymerizable vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon having 8 to 10 carbon atoms; (a) a mixture of two or three of ingredients (a), (b) and (c); and (e) a mixture of any ore of ingredients (a) to (d) with a cationically polymerizable unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the presence of a cationic polymerization catalyst with a high-boiling product having a boiling point of at least about 150.degree.C. and an oxygen content or at least 0.5% by weight being introduced into the polymerization system at any stage of the polymerization process or ...

CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE

Syndiotactic polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers are prepared by conducting the polymerization in the presence of a catalytic amount of the reaction product of polymethylaluminoxane and a specific monocyclopentadienyl/titanium complex.

METHOD FOR COPOLYMERIZING POLAR AND NON-POLAR MONOMERS

The invention relates to a method for copolymerizing polar and non-polar monomers, to a suitable catalyst system for said method, containing one or more transition metal compounds of groups 5-10 of the periodic table, one or more radical formers and optionally, one or more cocatalysts; to the polymers that can be obtained in this way, and to the use of the polymers produced using this method for producing molded bodies of all types.

METHOD FOR PREPARING A NOVEL POLYMER

POLYMERIC ACID CATALYSTS AND USES THEREOF

Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF SYNDIOTACTIC VINYL AROMATIC POLYMERS

ABSTRACT A process for preparing syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more aromatic monomers under polymerization conditions with a catalyst corresponding to the formula: [CpmMxnx'p]+A-wherein: Cp is a single n5-cyclopentadienyl or n5-substituted cyclopentadienyl group; M is a metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or the Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table; X each occurrence is an inert anionic lignd, with the proviso that at least one X is R; X' is an inert, neutral, donor ligand; R is hydrocarbyl, silyl, a combination thereof or a substituted derivative thereof having up to 20 carbon, silicon or carbon and silicon atoms; m and p are independently 0 or 1; n is an integer greater than or equal, to 1; the sum of m and n is equal to the valence of M; and A- is a noncoordinating, compatible anion of a Bronsted acid salt. C-38,253B-F

Procédé de préparation d'un catalyseur de polymérisation

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerisaten olefinisch ungesättigter Verbindungen

Procédé de polymérisation d'hydrocarbures éthyléniquement insaturés possédant de 2 à 10 atomes de carbone

Procédé de fabrication de polymères de composés vinyliques et appareillage pour sa mise en oeuvre

Unique supported metallocene catalyst for producing syndiotactic styrenic polymer

Process of Preparing Polymers of Olefinically Unsaturated Compounds.

MANUFACTURE OF UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON POLYMERS USABLE LIKE COMPONENTS OF EPOXY COMPOSITIONS OF RESINS

MIXTURE OF A POLYPHENYLENE ETHER AND AROMATIC VINYL COMPOUND POLYMER

New products with raised molecular weight and their process of production

OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION PROCESS

TERMINATION OF GAS PHASE POLYMERIZATIONS OF CONJUGATED DIENES, VINYL-SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES THEREOF

PURPOSE: A process for terminating a gas phase polymerization of a conjugated diene, a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound is suited for stopping a gas phase polymerization reaction of one or more dienes and/or one or more vinyl-substituted aromatic compounds. CONSTITUTION: A method for terminating a gas phase polymerization of a compound selected from the group consisting of a conjugated diene, a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound, and mixtures thereof, in a polymerization vessel in the presence of a catalyst, and optionally in the presence of an inert particulate material, comprises introducing a kill agent selected from the group consisting of an alcohol having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl or cycloalkyl monoether each having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ammonia, water, an alkyl or aryl amine, and mixtures thereof into the vessel in an amount sufficient to terminate polymerization; and wherein the catalyst has a metal component in which the metal is selected from the group consisting of a ...

METALLOCENE CARRIER CATALYST FOR POLYMER POLYMERIZATION

PURPOSE: A catalyst for polymerizing syndiotactic styrene base polymer is provided for efficiently producing improved activity and high syndiotactic arrangement with the aid of promoter such as alkylaluminoxane. CONSTITUTION: The supported catalyst comprises a polymer, an organic or inorganic supporting agent and a regular system IVB family transition metal compound and optionally another compound such as borate compound reacting with transition metal compound to form ionic or oxygen-containing alkyl aluminum compound such as alkylaluminoxane and other alkyl aluminum compound. The polymer is an insulator to the carrier at adding the regular system catalyst in an amount of 0.001-99.999 wt.%, and the supporting agent and the transition metal compound are contained in the amounts of 0-99.999 wt.% and 0.001-30 wt.%, respectively. COPYRIGHT 2001 KIPO ...

Processo melhorado de polimerizacao catalisada por ácido

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYMERS OF VINYL AROMATIC COMPOUNDS USING POLYMER-CONTAINING CATALYST SYSTEMS

The invention concerns a process for producing polymers of vinyl aromatic compounds at temperatures in the 0-150 °C range in the presence of catalyst systems containing as active components: (A) compounds of general formula (I): XM(Z1)z1(Z2)z2(Z3)z3, and (B) open-chain or cyclic alumoxane compounds of metallocene ion-forming compounds selected from the group comprising strong neutral Lewis acids, ionic compounds with Lewis-acidic cation, and ionic compounds with a Bronsted acid as cation.

CATALYTIC COMPONENTS FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS, POLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS, AND PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZING OLEFINS BY USING THE SAME

Metallocene compounds which are used as catalytic components for the polymerization of olefins, do not generate hydrogen halide, are stable in air and water, easy of handling and excellent in storage stability, and exhibit a high catalytic activity. Specifically, transition metal compounds represented by the general formulas (1): (RaCp)m(R'bCp)nM(-X-Ph-Yc)4-(m+n) and (2): R''(RdCp)(R'eCp)M(-X-Ph-Yc)2 wherein M is Ti, Zr or Hf; (RaCp), (R'bCp), (RdCp) and (R'eCp) are each a group having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton; R'' is a group forming a bridge between (RdCp) and (R'eCp); and (-X-Ph-Yc) is an aromatic group Ph substituted by specific groups Y and bonded to M through an oxygen or sulfur atom X.

AQUEOUS SUSPENSION VEHICLE USEFUL IN SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION SYSTEM FOR SPHERES

There is disclosed an aqueous suspension vehicle consisting essentially of water having dissolved therein a water-soluble suspending agent, such as one or more hydroxyethylcelluloses, in a concentration below about 0.4 weight percent, and about 0.01 to about 0.5 percent of a water-soluble organic solvent for said suspending agent, such as dimethylformamide.

Process for the preparation of crystalline vinylaromatic polymers with a predominant syndiotactic structure

Process for the preparation of crystalline vinylaromatic polymers with a predominant syndiotactic structure which involves polymerizing vinylaromatic monomers in the presence of a catalytic system comprising: a titanium complex having general formula (I): (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4, the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C20 alkyl radical or a C6-C20 arylalkyl or aryl radical, on the condition that at least one of these is different from hydrogen.

Carbon and/or silicon bridged binuclear metallocene catalyst for styrene polymerization

An alkylene and/or silylene bridged binuclear metallocene catalyst for styrene polymerization is represented by the following formula (I): where M1 and M2 are the same or different transition metal of Group IVb of the Periodic Table; Cp1 and Cp2 are the same or different cyclopentadienyl; alkyl, alkoxy, silyl or halogen substituted cyclopentadienyl; indenyl; alkyl, alkoxy, silyl or halogen substituted indenyl; fluorenyl; or alkyl, alkoxy, silyl or halogen substituted fluorenyl, which is capable of pi -electron, eta 5-bonding with M1 or M2; each of E1, E2 and E3, independently of one another, is a carbon atom or a silicon atom; m, p and q are integers of 0 to 15 and m+p+q>/=1; each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6, independently of one another, is a hydrogen, an alkyl, an aryl, an alkoxy or a halogen; X is a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkoxy or a halogen; and n is 3. M1 and M2 may also be in cardin form by mixture of (I) with a compound which abstructs an X gray from each metal atom and substitution ...

Catalysts

An extrusion polymerisation process is described in which the polymerisation of monomers, in particular acrylic monomers, is carried out in bulk in an extruder. The polymerisation reaction is catalysed by a catalyst composition comprising an initiator, e.g. an enol substituted organosilane, and a co-catalyst which is an anion source or a Lewis acid.

Process for the preparation of crystalline vinylaromatic polymers with a predominantly syndiotactic structure

Process for the preparation of crystalline vinylaromatic polymers with a predominantly syndiotactic structure which comprises polymerizing the vinylaromatic monomers in the presence of a catalytic system consisting essentially of: a) a complex of titanium having the formula (I): Ti(OCONRR')n wherein R and R', the same or different, represent a C1-C12 aliphatic radical or C6-C12 aromatic radical whereas n is an integer equal to 3 or 4; b) a cocatalyst selected from aluminoxane and a compound of boron having formula (II): BX1X2X3 wherein X1, X2 and X3, the same or different, represent a C1-C20 perfluorinated hydrocarbon radical.

Process for producing a styrenic polymer and a catalyst for use therein

There are disclosed a catalyst which comprises (A) a titanium compound having one electron-based ligand (e.g. pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group) or two same electron-based lignads and (B) an ionic compound comprising a non-coordinate anion and a cation of an element typifying the group 4 elements of the Periodic Table (e.g. triphenylcarbonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate; a catalyst comprising (C) an alkylating agent (e.g. triisobutylaluminum) in addition to the components (A) and (B); and a process for producing a styrenic polymer by the use of any of the aforesaid catalysts. By using the aforementioned catalyst and process, a highly syndiotactic styrenic polymer can be efficiently produced.

Groups 2 and 13 based catalyst composition for preparing high-syndiotacticity polystyrene from styrene or other acryl ethylene monomers and process using the same

Process for producing styrenic polymer

VESSEL MADE OF STYRENIC RESIN

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vessel excellent in printing properties such as stripping resistance of a printed surface, blur resistance of a printing ink and the like and excellent in rigidity at high temperatures in the vessel comprising a styrenic resin. SOLUTION: This vessel made of a styrene-based resin is produced by using the styrenic resin obtained by anion polymerization and containing <1000 ppm of the total amounts of monomers and oligomers. COPYRIGHT: (C)2001,JPO ...

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННАЯ КИСЛОТНО-КАТАЛИЗИРУЕМАЯ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИЯ

... 1. Способ свободно-радикальной полимеризации в массе для получения высокомолекулярных полимеров из винилового ароматического мономера, по которому полимеризацию проводят в присутствии растворимого кислотного катализатора, имеющего рКа при 25oС менее 2 или его соли, в таком достаточном количестве, что получают полимеры с высокой Мw без инициирования катионной полимеризации, отличающийся тем, что кислотный катализатор сначала диспергируют в (мет) акриловой кислоте или ее сложном эфире перед контактированием с виниловым ароматическим мономером. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что количество кислотного катализатора или его соли составляет от 10 до 1000 частей на миллион из расчета на количество винилового ароматического мономера. 3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что кислотный катализатор или его соль представляет 2-сульфопропилметакрилат, метансульфоновую кислоту, камфорсульфоновую кислоту, п-толуолсульфоновую кислоту, 2-фтор-1-метилпиридинийтозилат, винилфосфоновую кислоту (ВФК), акриламидопропансульфоновую ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ ЧАСТИЦ

... 1. Способ получения полимерных частиц, содержащих винилароматический полимер путем полимеризации в суспензии, который включает а) пред-полимеризацию винилароматических мономеров до степени конверсии от 20 до 70% из расчета на винилароматический мономер с получением пред-полимеризованной массы, и эта пред-полимеризованная масса дополнительно содержит эмульгированную в ней воду и эмульгатор, и пред-полимеризацию проводят уже в присутствии воды или до добавления воды; б) суспендирование пред-полимеризованной массы в водной среде с получением суспендированных капель, в) полимеризацию винилароматического мономера в суспендированных каплях до полной конверсии мономера с получением суспендированных полимерных частиц. 2. Способ по п. 1, в котором полученные полимерные частицы отделяют от водной смеси и вспенивают с получением предварительно вспененных частиц. 3. Способ по п. 1, в котором предварительно вспененные частицы дополнительно обрабатывают с получением вспененных изделий. 4. Способ по любому ...

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYSTYROL DURCH ANIONISCHE POLYMERISATION

Verfahren zur Herstellung von teilkristallinen syndiotaktischen Polymerisaten aus vinylaromatischen Monomeren

KATALYSATORSYSTEME, ENTHALTEND METALLKOMPLEXE MIT ADAMANTANÄHNLICHER STRUKTUR

Verfahren zur Herstellung kristalliner vinylaromatischer Polymere mit vorwiegend syndiotaktischer Struktur

POLYMERISATIONSKATALYSATOR UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYSTYROL MIT DIESEM KATALYSATOR

Katalysator für die Herstellung von vinylaromatischem Polymer und Verfahren zur Herstellung von vinylaromatischem Polymer unter Anwendung desselben

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON SYNDIOTAKTISCHEN VINYLAROMATISCHEN POLYMEREN UNTER VERWENDUNG VON REDUZIERTEN METALLKATIONISCHEN KATALYSATOREN

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Styrolpolymeres und darin anwendbarer Katalysator

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polymers auf der Basis von Styrol.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYMERISATEN VON VINYLAROMATISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN UNTER DRUCK IN GEGENWART VON LEICHT FLÜCHTIGEN KOHLENWASSERSTOFFEN

Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Molekulargewicht-Verteilung in einem Polymerisationsverfahren

Production of styrenic polymer, styrenic polymer, styrenic resin composition and molded articles produced therefrom

MIXTURE OF A POLYPHENYLENE ETHER AND AROMATIC VINYL COMPOUND POLYMER

... 1347135 Polyphenylene ether compositions; polystyrene compositions ASAHI-DOW Ltd 26 May 1971 [8 Sept 1970] 30495/73 Divided out of 1347134 Headings C3R and C3P A composition comprising a polyphenylene ether and a polymer of an aromatic vinyl compound is obtained by polymerizing a disubstituted phenol in a liquid reaction medium which dissolves the phenol but not the polyphenylene ether and which consists of a mixture of an aromatic vinyl compound and one or more of certain liquids, the polymerization mixture then being dispersed in water containing a suspension stabilizer and the aromatic vinyl compound is polymerized to form the composition which is recovered. The liquids used in the reaction medium are methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n - butanol, isobutanol, tert.- butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, pentanol, n-hexanol, water, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, pentane, n-hexane, 2- methylpentane, n-octane, cyclopentane ...

Copolymers of isocyanates and alpha olefins

Copolymers containing recurring units of the formula are prepared by copolymerizing isopropenyl a ,a -dimethylbenzyl isocyanates with a -olefins. C2- 8 a -olefins are preferred reactants, and in an example a ,a -dimethyl-meta-isopropyl-benzyl isocyanate is copolymerized with ethylene in benzene solution using 1,1-azodicyclohexane carbonitrile as a catalyst and pressures of 12,000 to 12,500 p.s.i. The above copolymers may be modified by further reaction with compounds containing Zerewitinoff active hydrogen, e.g. dibasic acids, glycols, diamines, monoamines, alcohols, phenol, dithiols, amino-acids, amino-alcohols and water, preferably in presence of catalysts such as triethylamine or dibutyl tin dilaurate using benzene solvents and elevated temperatures or by using melt-pressing conditions. The latter technique enables the formation of films on regenerated cellulose film or aluminium foil.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION A STYRENE-POLYMERE AND THEREIN APPLICABLE CATALYST

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STYRENE OF POLYMERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CATALYSTS ON BASIS OF BORANEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNDIOTAKTI VINYL AROMATIC ONE POLYMERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A STYRENPOLYMERS.

POLYMER PARTICLE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PEROXYDICARBONATEN AND YOUR USE FOR THE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF MONOMERS

HETEROLEPTI ALKALINE EARTH METAL CONNECTIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR STEREOSELEKTIVEN THE ANIONI POLYMERIZATION

CONNECTION

CATALYST AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION SYNDIOTAKTI POLYSTYRENE.

PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING STEREOSPEZIFI POLYMERS

Process for Producing Monodisperse Polystyrene Micro-Particles

A process for producing highly monodisperse polystyrene particles includes steps of mixing water and styrene in a reactor, optionally adding an electrolyte to the mixture, purging the mixture of oxygen, adding a polymerization initiator while agitating and heating the mixture, and maintaining agitation and heating for a time sufficient to achieve a desired yield of monodisperse polystyrene particles having a particle size from 0.25 microns to 2.5 microns and a statistical quality factor greater than 10.

PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION

There is provided provide a photosensitive resin composition which can markedly improve transparency, heat resistance, heat discoloration resistance, solvent resistance, and patterning properties. A photosensitive resin composition including: a polymer (A) in which a content of a unit structure containing a boronic acid group, a unit structure containing a boronic acid ester group, or a combination of these unit structures is 20 mol % to 100 mol % of a total molar number of unit structures constituting the polymer; and a photosensitizer (B). The polymer (A) preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 50,000. A cured film obtained from the photosensitive resin composition. A microlens prepared from the photosensitive resin composition. 1. A photosensitive resin composition comprising:a polymer (A) in which a content of a unit structure containing a boronic acid group, a unit structure containing a boronic acid ester group, or a combination of these unit structures is 20 mol % to 100 mol % of a total molar number of unit structures constituting the polymer; anda photosensitizer (B).5. The photosensitive resin composition according to claim 1 , whereinprovided that a total molar number of the unit structures constituting the polymer (A) is 1.0, the polymer (A) is a polymer in which a proportion of a molar number n1 of the unit structure of Formula (1) satisfies 0.2≦n1≦0.8.6. The photosensitive resin composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a crosslinkable compound having two or more substituents that can be thermally crosslinked with the polymer (A) in a molecule.7. The photosensitive resin composition according to claim 1 , whereina weight average molecular weight of the polymer (A) is 1,000 to 50,000.8. A cured film obtained from the photosensitive resin composition according to .9. A microlens prepared from the photosensitive resin composition according to . The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition. More ...

BRANCHED CONJUGATED DIENE COPOLYMER, RUBBER COMPOSITION AND PNEUMATIC TIRE

The present invention relates to a branched conjugated diene copolymer which is useful for preparing a rubber composition, having high uniformity of a temperature dependence curve of a viscoelasticity tanδ, for a tire, a rubber composition comprising the copolymer, and a pneumatic tire produced using the rubber composition for a tire. The branched conjugated diene copolymer is composed of monomer components comprising a branched conjugated diene compound represented by a general formula (1): 2. The branched conjugated diene copolymer of claim 1 , having a glass transition temperature of −25° C. or more.3. The branched conjugated diene copolymer of claim 1 , having a glass transition temperature of −10° C. or more.4. The branched conjugated diene copolymer of claim 1 , having a weight-average molecular weight of more than 100000.6. The branched conjugated diene copolymer of claim 5 , wherein a copolymerization ratio (1) of the branched conjugated diene compound (1) is from 1 to 54% by mass claim 5 , a copolymerization ratio (m) of the aromatic vinyl compound (2) is from 45 to 99% by mass claim 5 , and a copolymerization ratio (n) of the conjugated diene compound (3) is from 0 to 54% by mass.7. The branched conjugated diene copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the branched conjugated diene compound (1) is myrcene and/or farnesene.8. The branched conjugated diene copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic vinyl compound (2) is one or more selected from the group consisting of styrene claim 1 , α-methylstyrene claim 1 , α-vinylnaphthalene and β-vinylnaphthalene.9. The branched conjugated diene copolymer of claim 5 , wherein the conjugated diene compound (3) is 1 claim 5 ,3-butadiene and/or isoprene.10. A rubber composition comprising the branched conjugated diene copolymer of as a rubber component claim 1 , in which a half width at half maximum of a viscoelasticity tanδ defined by the following equation is 40 or less.{'br': None, 'Half width at half maximum=(Higher ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POROUS MICROSTRUCTURE

The invention relates to production of a porous microstructure using the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating technology. The invented method involves subjecting an emulsion prepared by emulsification of two immiscible phases to forced sedimentation, such as subjecting the emulsion to centrifugation, so as to increase the volume ratio of the dispersed phase to the continuous phase to obtain a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), following by curing the continuous phase, whereby the porous microstructure thus produced has an increased porosity. 1. A method for producing a porous microstructure comprising the steps of:in the presence of a polymerization initiator and an emulsion stabilizer, emulsifying a continuous phase composition containing at least one monomer and a crosslinking agent with a dispersed phase composition containing a solvent and an electrolyte to obtain an emulsion containing a continuous phase and a dispersed phase dispersed in the continuous phase;pre-polymerizing the at least one monomer and the crosslinking agent, so that the at least one monomer and the crosslinking agent are partially polymerized to an extent that the emulsion has an increased viscosity while still being flowable;subjecting the emulsion to a forced sedimentation to increase a volume fraction of the dispersed phase relative to the continuous phase in the emulsion to obtain a high internal phase emulsion, wherein the dispersed phase has a volume fraction of at least 74.05% (v/v) in the high internal phase emulsion, and wherein the subjecting the emulsion to a forced sedimentation comprises subjecting the emulsion to centrifugation and removing an excess part of the continuous phase separated from the dispersed phase; andcuring the continuous phase in the high internal phase emulsion and removing the dispersed phase to obtain the porous microstructure.24-. (canceled)5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomer is selected from the group ...

Styrenic resin incorporating recycled polystyrene

The present disclosure provides a styrenic resin incorporating post-consumer recycle polystyrene (PCR PS), and systems and methods for making the same. For example, a styrenic resin produced in accordance with present embodiments between approximately 1 weight percent and 9 weight percent PCR PS, has a melt flow rate (MFR) of less than approximately 2.0 g/10 min per ASTM D-1238-10, and an Mz+1 molecular weight of at least 700,000. The styrenic resin is produced by a free-radical polymerization process performed on a feed having PCR PS dissolved in monovinylarene monomer. The feed is produced in such a way so as to continuously remove contaminants commonly associated with PCR PS.

PREPARATION PROCESS OF BRANCHED CONJUGATED DIENE POLYMER

There is provided a process for preparing a branched conjugated diene polymer by copolymerizing 1 to 100% by weight of a branched conjugated diene compound (1) monomer: 2. The preparation process of claim 1 , wherein the monomer solution is successively added into catalyst solution dropwise.3. The preparation process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is at least one of organolithium compounds or at least one selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid compounds claim 1 , titanium compounds claim 1 , cobalt compounds and nickel compounds.4. The preparation process of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization ratio (l) of the branched conjugated diene compound monomer is 1 to 99% by weight.5. The preparation process of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated diene compound is 1 claim 1 ,3-butadiene and/or isoprene.6. The preparation process of claim 1 , wherein the vinyl compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of styrene claim 1 , α-methylstyrene claim 1 , α-vinylnaphthalene and β-vinylnaphthalene.78-. (canceled)9. The preparation process of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst is at least one of organolithium compounds or at least one selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid compounds claim 2 , titanium compounds claim 2 , cobalt compounds and nickel compounds.10. The preparation process of claim 2 , wherein the polymerization ratio (l) of the branched conjugated diene compound monomer is 1 to 99% by weight.11. The preparation process of claim 2 , wherein the conjugated diene compound is 1 claim 2 ,3-butadiene and/or isoprene.12. The preparation process of claim 2 , wherein the vinyl compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of styrene claim 2 , α-methylstyrene claim 2 , α-vinylnaphthalene and β-vinylnaphthalene.13. The preparation process of claim 3 , wherein the polymerization ratio (l) of the branched conjugated diene compound monomer is 1 to 99% by weight.14. The preparation process of claim 3 , wherein the conjugated diene ...

POLYMER PRODUCTION METHOD

A polymer production method whereby: a flow reactor comprising a flow path wherein a plurality of liquids can be mixed is used; and a monomer is anionically polymerized in the presence of an initiator. The flow reactor comprises a mixer for mixing two liquids, said mixer comprising either a joint member having a double pipe therein or a static mixer member. 1. A polymer production method comprising the step of anionically polymerizing a monomer in the presence of an initiator by using a flow reactor having a flow channel capable of mixing a plurality of liquids ,wherein the flow reactor is equipped with a mixer for mixing two liquids that comprises a joint member having a double tube at the interior or a static mixer member.2. The polymer production method of claim 1 , wherein the static mixer member comprises a tubular body and an element body inserted at the interior of the tubular body.3. The polymer production method of claim 1 , wherein the mixer for mixing two liquids comprises a joint member having a double tube at the interior and a static mixer member.4. The polymer production method of claim 3 ,wherein the mixer for mixing two liquids comprises a joint member having a double tube at the interior and a static mixer member;the static mixer member comprises a tubular body and an element body inserted at the interior of the tubular body; andthe joint member and the static mixer member are connected in such manner that a double tube side endface of the tubular body is in touching contact with a static mixer member side endface of the double tube.5. The polymer production method of claim 4 , wherein the static mixer member side end of the double tube is situated at the interior of the joint member.6. The polymer production method of claim 1 , wherein the joint member has an insertion hole for inserting an inner tube through which flows an initiator solution and claim 1 , in the inner tube-inserted state claim 1 , the double tube is formed of claim 1 , at least ...

THERMOPLASTIC RESIN

A thermoplastic resin has excellent heat resistance and thermal stability, low water absorption properties, excellent surface hardness and mechanical strength. A thermoplastic resin includes a constituent unit (a) that is derived from a (meth)acrylate monomer and represented by the formula (1); a constituent unit (b) that is derived from a vinyl monomer and represented by the formula (2); and a constituent unit (c) that is derived from a vinyl monomer and represented by the formula (3), and the weight percentage of the constituent unit (a), based on the total weight of the all constituent units, is 60 to 85% by weight, the weight percentage of the constituent unit (b), based on the total weight of the all constituent units, is 5 to 30% by weight, and the weight percentage of the constituent unit (c), based on the total weight of the all constituent units, is 5 to 15% by weight. 2. The thermoplastic resin according to claim 1 , wherein the weight percentage of the constituent unit (a) claim 1 , based on the total weight of the all constituent units claim 1 , is 60 to 80% by weight claim 1 , the weight percentage of the constituent unit (b) claim 1 , based on the total weight of the all constituent units claim 1 , is 7 to 28% by weight claim 1 , and the weight percentage of the constituent unit (c) claim 1 , based on the total weight of the all constituent units claim 1 , is 10 to 15% by weight.3. The thermoplastic resin according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the formula (1) claim 1 , each of R1 and R2 is a methyl group.4. The thermoplastic resin according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the formula (2) claim 1 , R3 is a phenyl group claim 1 , a cyclohexadienyl group claim 1 , a cyclohexenyl group claim 1 , or a cyclohexyl group.5. The thermoplastic resin according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the formula (3) claim 1 , R4 is a phenyl group claim 1 , a cyclohexadienyl group claim 1 , a cyclohexenyl group claim 1 , or a cyclohexyl group.6. The thermoplastic ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MODIFIED POLYMER, MODIFIED POLYMER, RUBBER COMPOSITION AND TIRE

The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing with high productivity a modified polymer equivalent to the prior art blend of a modified polymer for matrix of a rubber composition and the low-molecular weight polymer. Specifically, a method for manufacturing a modified polymer, including continuously supplying a raw material monomer containing at least conjugated diene compound, a polymerization initiator containing lithium, 1,2-butadiene and a modification agent into a flow-through reactor, causing the raw material monomer to be continuously polymerized to generate polymer and also causing a portion of the polymer thus generated to be modified with the modification agent, is characterized in that: the polymerization and the modification are carried out at temperature equal to 110° C. or higher; and a mole ratio (1,2-Bd/Li) of the 1,2-butadiene (1,2-Bd) with respect to lithium (Li) of the polymerization initiator containing lithium is set to be 0.37 or less. 1. A method for manufacturing a modified polymer , comprising continuously supplying a raw material monomer containing at least conjugated diene compound , a polymerization initiator containing lithium , 1 ,2-butadiene and a modification agent into a flow-through reactor , causing the raw material monomer to be continuously polymerized to generate polymer and also causing a portion of the polymer thus generated to be modified with the modification agent , wherein:the polymerization and the modification are carried out at temperature equal to 110° C. or higher; anda mole ratio (1,2-Bd/Li) of the 1,2-butadiene (1,2-Bd) with respect to lithium (Li) of the polymerization initiator containing lithium is set to be 0.37 or less.2. The method for manufacturing a modified polymer of claim 1 , wherein the modification agent contains at least one of nitrogen atom and silicon atom.3. The method for manufacturing a modified polymer of claim 1 , wherein the raw material monomer further contains an aromatic vinyl ...

PATTERN-FORMING METHOD AND COMPOSITION

A pattern-forming method includes applying a first composition on a surface layer of a substrate to form a first coating film. The surface layer includes a first region which includes a metal atom, and a second region which includes a silicon atom. The first coating film is heated. A portion other than a portion formed on the first region or a portion other than a portion formed on the second region of the first coating film heated is removed, thereby forming a first lamination portion. A second composition is applied on the substrate on which the first lamination portion is formed to form a second coating film. The second coating film is heated or exposed. A portion other than a portion formed on the first lamination portion of the second coating film heated or exposed is removed, thereby forming a second lamination portion. 2. (canceled)3: The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol solvent.4: The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises the functional group at an end of a main chain thereof.5: The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the functional group selectively bonds to the metal atom claim 1 , and the functional group is a phosphonic acid group claim 1 , a phosphonic acid ester group claim 1 , a cyano group claim 1 , a sulfanyl group claim 1 , a monohydroxyboryl group claim 1 , a phenolic hydroxyl group claim 1 , a pyridine ring-containing group claim 1 , an ethylenic carbon-carbon double bond-containing group claim 1 , or a carbon-carbon triple bond-containing group.6: The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the functional group selectively bonds to the metal atom claim 1 , and the functional group is a phosphonic acid group claim 1 , a phosphonic acid ester group claim 1 , a cyano group claim 1 , a sulfanyl group claim 1 , a monohydroxyboryl group claim 1 , an ethylenic carbon-carbon double bond-containing group claim 1 , or a carbon-carbon triple bond-containing group.7: The ...

METHODS OF FORMING PATTERNS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

In a method of forming patterns, an object layer is formed on a substrate. Guide patterns are formed on the object layer. A brush layer is formed using a brush polymer on surfaces of the guide patterns. The brush polymer includes at least one of a first brush polymer and a second brush polymer. The first brush polymer includes a hydrophobic repeating unit and a hydrophilic terminal group having at least two hydroxyl groups. The second brush polymer includes a hydrophobic repeating unit and a hydrophilic random repeating unit having a hydroxyl group. A self-aligned layer is formed using a block copolymer on the brush layer to form blocks aligned around the guide patterns. At least a portion of the blocks is transferred to the object layer. 1. A method of forming patterns , the method comprising:forming an object layer on a substrate;forming guide patterns on the object layer;forming a brush layer using a brush polymer on surfaces of the guide patterns, the brush polymer including at least one of a first brush polymer or a second brush polymer, the first brush polymer including a hydrophobic repeating unit and a hydrophilic terminal group having at least two hydroxyl groups, the second brush polymer including a hydrophobic repeating unit and a hydrophilic random repeating unit having a hydroxyl group;forming a self-aligned layer using a block copolymer on the brush layer to form blocks aligned around the guide patterns, wherein the block copolymer includes a first polymer unit and a second polymer unit, the first polymer unit being assembled into first blocks arranged in a grid shape or a honeycomb shape around the guide patterns, the second polymer unit being assembled into second blocks contacting the brush layer and surrounding sidewalls of the first blocks; andtransferring at least a portion of the blocks to the object layer.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the brush polymer includes a blend of the first brush polymer and the second brush polymer.8. ...

MULTIGRAFT COPOLYMER SUPERELASTOMERS BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

Multigraft copolymers having various structures, e.g., comb and centipede structures, can be prepared from emulsion copolymerization of monomers and macromonomers. The emulsion copolymerization can be initiated by a thermally activated radical initiator or a redox initiation system. The multigraft copolymers can have high molecular weight and/or a large number of branch points. Elastomer or adhesive compositions of the copolymers can be prepared. Also described are poly(n-alkyl acrylate-graft-styrene) multigraft copolymers. 1. A method of preparing a multigraft copolymer , said method comprising:(a) providing a macromonomer comprising one or more polymeric chains attached to a polymerizable terminal group, wherein the one or more polymeric chains comprise constitutional units from at least a first monomer;(b) preparing an emulsion comprising the macromonomer, a second monomer, and a polymerization initiator; and(c) copolymerizing the macromonomer and the second monomer to form the multigraft copolymer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the macromonomer comprises polymerizing the first monomer via anionic polymerization.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first monomer is selected from the group consisting of a styrene claim 1 , α-methylstryene claim 1 , ethene claim 1 , vinylchloride claim 1 , vinyl pyridine claim 1 , and cyclohexadiene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the macromonomer comprises:(i) providing the first monomer, wherein said first monomer comprises a vinyl group, optionally wherein said first monomer is styrene;(ii) contacting the first monomer with an alkyl lithium reagent or a Grignard reagent in a first solvent at a first temperature to initiate anionic polymerization, thereby providing a carbanion-containing polymeric chain, wherein the first solvent comprises a non-polar organic solvent, optionally benzene, further optionally wherein the first temperature is between about 20 degrees Celsius and about 25 degrees Celsius; ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A CURED 3D PRODUCT

The invention is directed to a process for producing a cured 3D product comprising the following steps: (a) providing a form negative mould of the 3D product comprising of one or two formed plastic sheets as obtained by thermoforming corresponding with the shape of the 3D product; (b) adding a liquid curable composition to the mould such that the inner surface of the mould is covered by the curable composition; and (c) solidifying the curable composition wherein a solidified layer or body is formed having the shape of the 3D product; wherein the cured 3D product is a radiation cured 3D product; and wherein the step (c) a radiation curable composition is solidified by radiation through the plastic sheet of the mould to form a solidified layer having the shape of the 3D product. 1. Process for producing a cured 3D product comprising the following steps:(a) providing a form negative mould of the 3D product comprising of one or two formed plastic sheets as obtained by thermoforming corresponding with the shape of the 3D product,(b) adding a liquid curable composition to the mould such that the inner surface of the mould is covered by the curable composition, and(c) solidifying the curable composition wherein a solidified layer or body is formed having the shape of the 3D product, wherein the cured 3D product is a radiation cured 3D product and wherein the step (c) a radiation curable composition is solidified by radiation through the plastic sheet of the mould to form a solidified layer having the shape of the 3D product.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the plastic sheet is a formed plastic sheet as obtained by thermoforming using a thermoforming packaging machine in a continuous process.3. Process according to claim 2 , wherein the mould is comprised of two formed plastic sheets or the mould is comprised of one formed plastic sheet and one planar sheet.4. Process according to claim 3 , wherein the thermoforming packaging machine comprises of one or two ...

Refrigerator Interior Liner

A rubber modified monovinylaromatic polymer composition may include a monovinylaromatic polymer matrix. The monovinylaromatic polymer matrix may have an average molecular weight in weight above 150,000 g/mol. Rubber particles may be dispersed in the monovinylaromatic polymer matrix. The rubber particles may have a volume median particle size (RPS volume) ranging from 7 μm to 10 μm, a monomodal distribution, a ratio of RPS volume to surface median particle size (RPS surface) that is below 2, a crosslinking of the rubber expressed as a swell index (SI) above 13.8, and a rubber phase volume fraction (RPVF) of at least 39%. A refrigerator interior liner may be made of the rubber modified monovinylaromatic polymer composition. 120-. (canceled)21. A refrigerator interior liner comprising: [{'o': {'@ostyle': 'single', 'Mw'}, 'a) a monovinylaromatic polymer matrix having an average molecular weight in weight above 150,000 g/mol; and'}, a volume median particle size (RPS volume) ranging from 7 μm to 10 μm;', 'a monomodal distribution;', 'a ratio of RPS volume to surface median particle size (RPS surface) that is below 2;', 'a crosslinking of the rubber expressed as a swell index (SI) above 13.8; and', 'a rubber phase volume fraction (RPVF) of at least 39%., 'b) rubber particles dispersed in the monovinylaromatic polymer matrix, wherein the rubber particles have], 'a rubber modified monovinylaromatic polymer composition, wherein the rubber modified monovinylaromatic polymer composition comprises22. The refrigerator interior liner of claim 21 , wherein the rubber particles have an RPS surface of from 5 to 8 μm.23. The refrigerator interior liner of claim 21 , wherein the rubber has a solution viscosity-to-Mooney viscosity ratio of at least 2.8.24. The refrigerator interior liner of claim 21 , wherein the rubber has an average molecular weight in weight ranging from 100 claim 21 ,000 g/mol to 500 claim 21 ,000 g/mol.25. The refrigerator interior liner of claim 21 , wherein the ...

Superinsulation with Nanopores

This invention relates to the field of thermal insulation. In particular, the invention describes superinsulation articles having a desired porosity, reduced pore size and cost-effective methods for manufacturing such articles. In one aspect of the present invention, the article may comprise a material system with at least about 20% porosity. In a further aspect of the invention, an article may comprise greater than about 25% of nanopores having a pore size no greater than about 1500 nanometers in its shortest axis. 1. An article comprising a material system with at least 95% porosity , wherein said porosity consists of nanopores comprising embedded inert gas and having a pore size no more than 1500 nanometers in its shortest dimension.2. An article according to claim 1 , wherein said material system comprises a polymer claim 1 , reactive oligomer (or is derived from a reactive oligomer) claim 1 , and/or monomer (or is derived from a reactive monomer).3. An article according to claim 2 , wherein said reactive oligomer comprises an ethylenically unsaturated styrene claim 2 , urethane claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. An article according to claim 3 , wherein said inert gas includes any of the known inert gases or combinations of the same claim 3 , preferably the inert gas comprises CO(inclusive of predominately COand/or mixtures comprising CO).5. An article according to claim 1 , wherein said nanopores are asymmetrical.6. An article according to claim 5 , wherein said nanopores are oblate or prolate.7. An article according to claim 1 , wherein said nanopores are oriented in a preferred direction.8. An article according to claim 7 , wherein said preferred direction is nominally in-line with the shortest dimension of the majority of pores.9. An article according to claim 1 , wherein said nanopores comprise a secondary nanopore structure.10. An article according to claim 1 , wherein said article has a thermal insulation value greater than 7 R/inch.11. An article ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SHORT-CHAIN END-GROUP-FUNCTIONALIZED MACROMOLECULES BASED ON STYRENE

End-group-functionalized oligomers with controlled degrees of functionality based on styrene are produced by reacting the monomer with a regulator by means of free-radical polymerization. At least some of the quantity of regulator is added according to a prescribed program so that at every juncture t the value of the quantitative fraction added up to said juncture does not fall short of the value of the respective conversion U(t) in the polymerization reaction at said juncture t by more than 5 percentage points and does not exceed said value U(t) by more than 5 percentage points. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein condition (I) is met up to a polymerization conversion of at least 90%.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a still remaining claim 1 , previously unadded amount of regulator is added continuously or periodically.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amount of monomer claim 1 , in addition to styrene claim 1 , comprises up to 10 mol % of other vinyl aromatic compounds.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , apart from styrene and optionally other vinyl aromatic compounds claim 1 , no further monomers are present in the amount of monomer.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature of at least 100° C.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , whereinthe polymerization is carried out free of solvent.8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the quantitative ratio of (total used) monomers to (total used) regulator molecules is from 100:10 to 100:0.5.9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the regulators used are 2-aminoethanethiol claim 1 , 2-mercaptoethanol claim 1 , 3-mercaptopropionic acid claim 1 , 2-mercaptopropionic acid and/or 2-mercaptoacetic acid.10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the number-average molecular weight of the resulting oligomers is in the range of 1000 g/mol to 20 000 g/mol.11. The process as claimed in claim 1 , ...

MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND METHODS THEREOF

Provided is a material composition and method for that includes providing a substrate and forming a resist layer over the substrate. In various embodiments, the resist layer includes a metal complex including a radical generator, an organic core, and an organic solvent. By way of example, the organic core includes at least one cross-linker site. In some embodiments, an exposure process is performed to the resist layer. After performing the exposure process, the exposed resist layer is developed to form a patterned resist layer. 1. A method , comprising:providing a substrate;forming a resist layer over the substrate, wherein the resist layer includes a metal complex including a radical generator, an organic core, and an organic solvent, and wherein the organic core includes at least one cross-linker site;performing an exposure process to the resist layer; andafter performing the exposure process, developing the exposed resist layer to form a patterned resist layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radical generator is part of a metallic core claim 1 , and wherein the metallic core is one of a single metal molecule and a metal cluster having a radical generator function.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the radical generator to the organic solvent is around 1%-20%.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the organic core to the organic solvent is around 3%-35%.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein a weight ratio of the metallic core to the organic solvent is around 3%-30%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radical generator includes a high EUV absorption atom including one of Cs claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , In claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , and Sb.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: as a result of performing the exposure process to the resist layer claim 1 , generating radicals by the radical generator claim 1 , activating the at least one cross-linker site claim 1 , and cross-linking the metal ...

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more aromatic monomers under polymerization conditions with a catalyst corresponding to the formula: [Cp.sub.m MX.sub.n X'.sub.p ].sup.+ A.sup.- wherein: Cp is a single η 5 -cyclopentadienyl or η 5 -substituted cyclopentadienyl group; M is a metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or the Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table; X each occurrence is an inert anionic ligand, with the proviso that at least one X is R; X' is an inert, neutral, donor ligand; R is hydride hydrocarbyl, silyl, a combination thereof or a substituted derivative thereof having up to 20 carbon, silicon or carbon and silicon atoms; m and p are independently 0 or 1; n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the sum of m and n is equal to the valence of M; and A - is a noncoordinating, compatible anion of a Bronsted acid salt.

Catalyst composition for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A catalyst composition for preparation of polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers having high syndiotacticity comprising a cationic coordination complex and a metal hydrocarbyl.

Processo para polimeração catalisador para polimeração e composto

Olefin polymerization process

Catalyst constituents and catalyst system with a high degree of polymerisation activity for the production of polymers

In the present invention, catalyst systems with a high degree of polymerisation are described which contain at least one catalyst constituent of general formula (I): RnMXm, in which M1 is Ti, Zr or Hf, Ra is C5 (R?1, R2, R3, R4, R5¿) or C¿6? (R?1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6¿) wherein R?1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6¿ are identical or different, and a hydrogen atom, a C¿1?-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C1-C10 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C20 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C6-C10 fluoroaryl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a silyl group, a germyl group, or adjacent groups R?1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6¿ which form with the connecting atoms thereof a ring system; Rb is one fluorine atom when m = 1, at least one fluorine atom when m > 1 and can be identical or different, and be at least one hydrogen atom, a C¿1?-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkyoxy group, a C1-C10 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C20 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C6-C10 fluoroaryl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, an OH group, a NR?7¿2 group or SR81 group, wherein R?7 and R8¿ are a C¿1?-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C1-C10 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C20 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C6-C10 fluoroalryl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a silyl group, a germyl group or a halogen atom, m and n are integers, m + n = 2 to 4, and m is at least 1.

Catalyst component and catalyst system having a high polymerization activity for preparing polymers

Catalyst systems having a high polymerization activity comprise at least one catalyst component of the formula (I): R n MX m   (I), where M 1 =Ti, Zr or Hf, R a =C 5 (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 ) or C 6 (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 ), where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 20 -alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10 -fluoroalkyl group, a C 6 -C 20 -aryl group, a C 6 -C 10 -aryloxy group, a C 2 -C 10 -alkenyl group, a C 6 -C 10 -fluoroaryl group, a C 7 -C 40 -arylalkyl group, a C 7 -C 40 -alkylaryl group, a C 8 -C 40 -arylalkenyl group, a silyl group or a germyl group or adjacent radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 together with the atoms connecting them form a ring system, R b =a fluorine atom when m=1, at least one fluorine atom when m>1 and can be identical or different and be at least one hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 20 -alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10 -fluoroalkyl group, a C 6 -C 20 -aryl group, a C 6 -C 10 -aryloxy group, a C 2 -C 10 -alkenyl group, a C 6 -C 10 -fluoroaryl group, a C 7 -C 40 -arylalkyl group, a C 7 -C 40 -alkylaryl group, a C 8 -C 40 -arylalkenyl group, an OH group, an NR 7 2 or SR 8 1 group, where R 7 and R 8 are each a C 1 -C 20 -alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10 -fluoroalkyl group, a C 6 -C 20 -aryl group, a C 6 -C 10 -aryloxy group, a C 2 -C 10 -alkenyl group, a C 6 -C 10 -fluoroaryl group, a C 7 -C 40 -arylalkyl group, a C 7 -C 40 -alkylaryl group or a C 8 -C 40 -arylalkenyl group, a silyl group, a germyl group or a halogen atom, m and n are integers, m+n=2-4 and m is at least 1.

Process for the production of styrene polymers

A process for polymerizing a styrene monomer or a styrene monomer having a rubber-like polymer dissolved therein by using, as the catalyst, an organic peroxide of the formula ##STR1## where R 1 and R 2 are the same or different radicals selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl radicals of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and phenyl. Preferably, the polymerization is continuously carried out by bulk or solution polymerization while the reaction mixture present in the polymerization zone is kept in such a mixed state as to make it substantially homogeneous.

Flourinated solid acids as catalysts for the preparation of hydrocarbon resins

Fluorinated solid acids and supported fluorinated solid acids are used as catalysts for the polymerization of a feed stream containing at least one of pure monomer, C5 monomers, and C9 monomers to produce hydrocarbon resins. Freely-associated water may be removed from the fluorinated solid acid catalyst and/or supported fluorinated solid acid catalyst prior to use. Resins with softening points (Ring and Ball) in the range of about 5° C. to 170° C. can be prepared. These catalysts offer advantages over the traditional Friedel-Crafts polymerization catalysts since the acid sites are an integral part of the solid. The fluorinated solid acid catalysts and supported fluorinated solid acid catalysts are relatively nonhazardous, reusable catalysts which eliminate or at least reduce contamination of the resulting resin products with acid residues or by-products.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic polystyrene

Syndiotactic polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers are prepared by conducting the polymerization in the presence of a catalytic amount of the reaction product of polymethylaluminoxane and a cyclopentadienyl/titanium complex.

Catalyst systems for syndiospecific polymerization of styrenes

Syndiotactic polystyrene is produced in the presence of a catalyst comprising: (i) trimethylaluminum, (ii) at least one of the organotin compounds with general formulae: R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 Sn--O--SnR.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6 or R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 Sn--OH or R.sub.1 R.sub.2 SnO or R.sub.1 Sn(O)OH; wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl groups or aryl groups or alkylaryl groups, (iii) one or several derivatives of transition metals having the formula Cp n MA m-n , wherein M is a metal selected from the group of titanium, zirconium and hafnium, Cp is a cyclopentadienyl or a substituted cyclopentadienyl group; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 4 or 3; and A is selected from the group consisting of a halogen, hydrogen, or an oxyhydrocarbyl group OR', wherein R' is a C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, or an arylalkyl group.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF CRYSTALLINE VINYLAROMATIC POLYMERS WITH PREDOMINANTLY SYNDIOTACTIC STRUCTURE

Process for producing stereospecific polymers

Stereospecific catalysts and processes for the stereotactic polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, specifically C 3 -C 4 alpha olefins involving a molecular sieve supported metallocene catalyst comprising a stereospecific metallocene catalyst component and a co-catalyst component. The metallocene catalyst component incorporates a metallocene ligand structure having two sterically dissimilar cyclopentadienyl ring structures coordinated with the central transition metal atom. Both the metallocene catalyst component and the co-catalyst component are supported on a molecular sieve having an average effective pore size which is less than the kinetic diameter of at least one of said ring structures. This supported catalyst is contacted in a polymerization reaction zone with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which contains 3 or more carbon atoms or which is a substituted vinyl compound under polymerization conditions to produce stereospecific polymerization of the monomer. The supported catalyst incorporates a molecular sieve support having an average effective pore size within the range of 5-10 angstroms. The metallocene component can be an unbalanced metallocene having a ligand structure in which stereorigidity is imparted by means of a structural bridge extending between dissimilar cyclopentadienyl groups, for example, a fluorenyl group, a cyclopentadienyl group, of a ligand which exhibits bilateral symmetry. The specific zeolite supports are zeolite Y, zeolite X, mordenite, and zeolite β. Others include various zeolites of the ZSM substitutional series, including ZSM-5, ZSM-11, and ZSM-12.

Supported metallocene catalysts

Supported stereospecific catalysts and processes for the stereotactic propagation of a polymer chain derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain three or more carbon atoms or which are substituted vinyl compounds, such as styrene and vinyl chloride. One application is the stereospecific propagation of C 3 -C 4 alpha olefins, particularly the polymerization of propylene to produce syndiotactic polypropylene over a supported metallocene catalyst comprising a stereospecific metallocene catalyst component incorporating a metallocene ligand structure having two sterically dissimilar cyclopentadienyl ring structures coordinated to the central transition metal atom. Both of the cyclopentadienyl groups are in a relationship with one another by virtue of bridge or substituent groups, which provide a stereorigid relationship relative to the coordinating transition metal atom to prevent rotation of said ring structures. The metallocene catalyst component and a co-catalyst component, an alumoxane or an alkyl aluminum, are supported on a particulate silica support comprising spheroidal silica particles having an average diameter within the range of 5-40 microns and an average effective pore size within the range of 50-350 angstroms. The particulate silica support contains at least 50 wt. % of the supported catalyst component within the pore volume of the silica support. The particles are preferably toroidal shaped, i.e. donut shaped.

Gas phase anionic polymerization of dienes and vinyl-substituted aromatic compounds

There is provided a process comprising polymerizing a compound selected from the group consisting of a conjugated diene, a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound, and mixtures thereof in a gas phase fluidized polymerization vessel under polymerization conditions in the presence of at least one anionic initiator, optionally in the presence of an inert particulate material. A novel resin particle produced by the process is also provided.

Catalyst for polymerizing aromatic vinyl compound and process for producing polymer of aromatic vinyl compound

A catalyst for polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound is provided which is composed of a catalyst component (A) and a catalyst component (B); the catalyst component (A) being a reaction product derived by reacting an organic transition metal compound having a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl group, with an alkylaluminum compound, and represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## where C 5 R 1 m is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl group: R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbons, each R 1 being independent; R 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbons, a dialkylsilicon group, a dialkylgermanium group, an alkylphoshine group, or an alkylamine group, the alkylene or alkyl group, and R 2 crosslinks the two (C 5 R 1 m ) rings; m is an integer of 0 to 5; n is 0 or 1; when n=0, m=5, Q is an alkyl group or a halogen atom; R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbons; and M is a metal of Group IVB of Periodic Table; and the catalyst component (B) being an aluminoxane represented by the general formula (II) or (III): ##STR2## where p is an integer of 4 to 30, and R 4 is a hydrocarbon group. A process for producing a polymer of an aromatic vinyl compound is also provided which comprises polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of the catalyst specified above.

Process for producing a styrene polymer and a catalyst for use therein

There are disclosed a process for producing a styrene polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration at a reduced cost and an enhanced efficiency, and a catalyst to be used therefor which comprises a specific transition-metal compound (A) and a specific coordination complex compound (B) instead of alumioxane. The catalyst according to the present invention is inexpensive compared with the conventional catalyst containing aluminoxane as the major ingredient, and exhibits a high activity in polymerization a styrenic monomer into styrene polymer with a high degree of syndiotacticity as well as a high yield and conversion rate.

Process for producing a styrenic polymer and a catalyst for use therein

There are disclosed a catalyst which comprises a specific transition-metal compound (A) and a specific coordination complex compound (B) instead of aluminoxane, and a process for producing a styrene polymer at a reduced cost with improved efficiency by the use of the above catalyst. The catalyst according to the present invention is inexpensive compared with the conventional catalyst containing aluminoxane as the major ingredient, and exhibits a high activity in the polymerization of a styrenic monomer into styrene polymer with a high degree of syndiotacticity as well as a high yield and conversion rate.

Process for producing styrenic copolymer

There is disclosed a process for efficiently producing a styrenic copolymer comprising a styrenic monomer and an olefinic monomer or a diolefinic monomer by the use of a specific highly active catalyst. Specifically the present invention provides a process for producing a styrenic copolymer which comprises copolymerizing (a) styrenic monomer and (b) an olefinic monomer or a diolefinic monomer in the presence of a catalyst comprising as primary ingredients (A) a transition metal compound and (B) a coordination complex compound comprising a cation and an anion in which a plurality of radicals are bonded to a metal and optionally (C) an organoaluminum compound. The styrenic copolymer thus obtained forms a resin excellent in heat resistance and mechanical strength and finds effective use as a raw material for a variety of molded products.

Process for producing styrenic copolymer

There is disclosed a process for efficiently producing a styrenic copolymer comprising a styrenic monomer and a monomer containing a polar group an internally olefic monomer by the use of a specific highly active catalyst. Specifically the present invention provides a process for producing a styrenic copolymer which comprise copolymerizing (a) styrenic monomer and (b) a monomer containing a polar group or an internally olefinic monomer in the presence of a catalyst comprising as primary ingredients (A) a transition metal compound and (B) a coordination complex compound comprising a cation and an anion in which a plurality of radicals are bonded to a metal and optionally (C) an organoaluminum compound. The styrenic copolymer thus obtained forms a resin excellent in heat resistance and mechanical strength and finds effective use as a raw material of a variety of molded products.

Process for producing styrenic polymer and copolymer

There is disclosed a process for producing a styrenic polymer or copolymer each having syndiotactic configuration which comprises polymerizing a styrenic monomer represented by the general formula (I) such as phenylstyrene and trimethylsilylstyrene, or copolymerizing at least two styrenic monomers of the formula (I) or at least one styrenic monomer of the formula (I) with at least one styrenic monomer other than the styrenic monomer of the formula (I) in the presence of a catalyst comprising as principal ingredients (A) a transition metal compound derived from a group IVB metal of the Periodic Table such as pentamethylcyclopen- tadienyltrimethyltitanium and (B) a compound producing an ionic complex by the reaction with the above transition metal compound such as tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate. The aforementioned process enables efficient production of a styrenic polymer or copolymer excellent in heat resistance and mechanical strength.

Process for producing amorphous syndiotactic polystyrene

High molecular weight syndiotactic polystyrene having greater than 96% syndiotacticity can be produced in very high yield (greater than 92%) by polymerizing styrene monomer, under rigorously anhydrous conditions, with a catalyst comprising Cp*M(CH 3 ) 3 , where Cp* is a single η 5 -cyclopentadienyl or an η 5 -cyclopentadienyl group optionally covalently bonded to M through a substituent, and M is selected from Ti, Zr, Hf and a co-catalyst comprising B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 dissolved in an aromatic solvent such as toluene or styrene, at carefully controlled temperatures in the range -15° C. to +50° C. The rapid rate of polymerization and high yield make the production of hard, rigid products by reaction injection moulding possible.

Cationic catalysts and process for using said catalysts

A cationic catalyst composition comprising a reactive cation and a compatible non-coordinating anion is preferably used at a temperature of 20 °C or less to produce olefin polymers, particularly polymers and copolymers of isobutylene.

Syndiotactic prochiral olefin polymerization process

Octahydrofluorenyltitanium metal complexes or ring substituted octahydrofluorenyltitanium metal complexes wherein the metal is in the +2, +3 or +4 formal oxidation state and activating cocatalysts or activating techniques are used to produce catalysts useful for polymerizing prochiral olefins to form highly syndiotactic polymers.

Syndiotactic prochiral olefin polymerization using non-aromatic, anionic, dienyl group containing complexes

Compositions comprising Group 4 metal complexes in the +2 or +3 formal oxidation state and containing an anionic pentadienyl ligand or a substituted derivative thereof and activating cocatalysts are used as catalysts for polymerizing olefins, diolefins and/or acetylenically unsaturated monomers. Monovinylidene aromatic monomers in particular are polymerized to form highly syndiotactic polymers.

Syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymerization process

A process for polymerizing vinylidene aromatic monomers, such as styrene, to produce polymers having a high degree of syndiotacticity using a catalyst composition comprising a Group 4 metal complex and a hydrocarbylsilane or di(hydrocarbyl)silane catalyst adjuvant is disclosed.

Cationic polymerization catalysts

A cationic catalyst composition comprising a reactive cation and a compatible non-coordinating anion is preferably used at a temperature of 20° C. or less to produce olefin polymers, particularly polymers and copolymers of isobutylene.

Vinylaromatic polymers having high melt flow

A process for preparing syndiotactic polymers of vinylaromatic monomers having improved melt flowability comprising contacting one or more vinylaromatic monomers with a catalyst system comprising a titanium coordination complex capable of preparing syndiotactic vinylaromatic polymers under addition polymerization conditions in the presence of hydrogen gas at a hydrogen partial pressure from 0.1 to less than 10 kPa.

Process for producing a styrenic polymer having a high degree of syndiotacticity

There are disclosed a catalyst which comprises a specific transition-metal compound (A) and a specific coordination complex compound (B) instead of aluminoxane, and a process for producing a styrene polymer at a reduced cost with improved efficiency by the use of the above catalyst. The catalyst according to the present invention is inexpensive compared with the conventional catalyst containing aluminoxane as the major ingredient, and exhibits a high activity in the polymerization of a styrenic monomer into styrene polymer with a high degree of syndiotacticity as well as a high yield and conversion rate.

Process for producing a styrenic polymer and a catalyst for use therein

Process for producing styrenic copolymer

Process for producing styrenic copolymer

Process for producing styrenic polymer and copolymer

There is disclosed a process for producing a styrenic polymer or copolymer each having syndiotactic configuration which comprises polymerizing a styrenic monomer represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## such as phenylstyrene and trimethylsilylstyrene, or copolymerizing at least two styrenic monomers of the formula (I) or at least one styrenic monomer of the formula (I) with at least one styrenic monomer other than the styrenic monomer of the formula (I) in the presence of a catalyst comprising as principal ingredients(A) a transition metal compound derived from a group IVB metal of the Periodic Table such as pentamethylcyclopentadienyltrimethyltitanium and (B) a compound producing an ionic complex by the reaction with the above transition metal compound such as tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate. The aforementioned process enables efficient production of a styrenic polymer or copolymer excellent in heat resistance and mechanical strength.

Process for producing styrenic polymer and copolymer

Cationic catalysts and process for using said catalysts

20℃ 이하에서 반응성 양이온 및 상용성 비배위 음이온을 포함하는 양이온 촉매를 바람직하게 사용하여 올레핀 중합체, 특히 이소부틸렌의 중합체 및 공중합체를 제조한다. Cationic catalysts comprising reactive cations and compatible uncoordinated anions below 20 ° C. are preferably used to prepare olefin polymers, in particular polymers and copolymers of isobutylene.

Cationic catalysts and process for using said catalysts

A cationic catalyst composition comprising a reactive cation and a compatible non-coordinating anion is preferably used at a temperature of 20° C. or less to produce olefin polymers, particularly polymers and copolymers of isobutylene.

Process for producing olefin polymers using cationic catalysts

A cationic catalyst composition comprising a reactive cation and a compatible non-coordinating anion used at a temperature of 20 DEG C. or less to produce olefin polymers, particularly polyisobutylene is disclosed.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more aromatic monomers under polymerization conditions with a catalyst corresponding to the formula: [Cp m MX n X′p]⁺A⁻ wherein: Cp is a single η⁵-cyclopentadienyl or η⁵-­substituted cyclopentadienyl group; M is a metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or the Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table; X each occurrence is an inert anionic lignd, with the proviso that at least one X is R; X′ is an inert, neutral, donor ligand; R is hydrocarbyl, silyl, a combination thereof or a substituted derivative thereof having up to 20 carbon, silicon or carbon and silicon atoms; m and p are independently 0 or 1; n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the sum of m and n is equal to the valence of M; and A⁻ is a noncoordinating, compatible anion of a Bronsted acid salt.

Catalyst composition for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A catalyst composition for preparation of polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers having high syndiotacticity comprises (1) a cationic metal complex of the formula         [Cp m MX n X′ p ]⁺A⁻ wherein:    Cp is a single η⁵-cyclopentadienyl group or a η⁵-substituted cyclopentadienyl group;    M is a metal of Group 4 of the Periodic Table;    each X independently is an inert anionic ligand or a group of formula R, with the proviso that at least one X is R;    X′ is an inert, neutral donor ligand;    each R independently is R′ or hydride, wherein R′ is hydrocarbyl, silyl or a mixture thereof, optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or alkoxy groups, and having up to 20 carbon and/or silicon atoms;    m and p are independently 0 or 1;    n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and    the sum of m and n is one less than the valence of M; and    A⁻ is a noncoordinating, compatible anion; and (2) an aluminum, magnesium or zinc metal hydrocarbyl in a metal complex : metal hydrocarbyl ratio of 1:1 to 1:1000; said components (1) and (2) being combined prior to contact with a vinyl aromatic monomer.

Process using borane derived catalysts for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers comprising contacting at least one polymerizable vinyl aromatic monomer under polymerization conditions with a catalyst comprising a compound corresponding to the formula: LmMXn + RA, wherein L is a delocalized π-bonding group containing up to 50 nonhydrogen atoms; m is 0 or 1; M is a metal of Group 4 of the Periodic Table; X each occurrence is an inert, anionic ligand containing up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms; n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and the sum of m and n is one less than the valence of M; and RA is RB(C6F5)C3, where R is hydride, hydrocarbyl, silyl, a combination thereof or a substituted derivative thereof having up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms. Also included is a process for preparing the catalyst.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

Process for producing a styrene polymer having high degree of syndiotactic configuration

There are disclosed a process for producing a styrene polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration at a reduced cost and an enhanced efficiency, and a catalyst to be used therefor which comprises (A) a specific transition-metal compound, (B) a specific coordination complex compound and (C) a compound having an alkyl group. The catalyst according to the present invention is inexpensive compared with the conventional catalyst containing aluminoxane as the major ingredient, and exhibits a high activity in polymerizing a styrenic monomer into styrene polymer with a high degree of syndiotacticity as well as a high yield and conversion rate.

Process for producing a styrene polymer and a catalyst for use therein

There are disclosed a process for producing a styrene polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration at a reduced cost and an enhanced efficiency, and a catalyst to be used therefor which comprises (A) a specific transition-metal compound, (B) a specific coordination complex compound and (C) a compound having an alkyl group. The catalyst according to the present invention is inexpensive compared with the conventional catalyst containing aluminoxane as the major ingredient, and exhibits a high activity in polymerizing a styrenic monomer into styrene polymer with a high degree of syndiotacticity as well as a high yield and conversion rate.

Process for preparing borane derived catalysts for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A catalyst corresponding to the formula         L m MX n + RBY 3 - (wherein L is a delocalized π-bonding group containing up to 50 nonhydrogen atoms; m is 0 or 1; M is a metal of Group 4 of the Periodic Table; X each occurrence is an inert, anionic ligand containing up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms; n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and the sum of m and n is one less than the valence of M; R is hydrocarbyl, silyl, a combination thereof or a substituted derivative thereof having up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms; B is boron; and Y is an inert covalently bound group having up to 40 atoms and BY 3 is a stable borane compound able to abstract an R group from a compound of the formula L m MX n R) is prepared by contacting a Group 4 metal containing compound L m MX n+1 with a borane compound BY 3 in the presence of an aluminum compound AlR 3 .

Process for preparing borane derived catalysts for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

Process for producing syndiotactic polymer of aromatic vinyl compounds

A catalyst for polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound, comprising a transition metal compound as a catalyst component (A) represented by the general formula ##STR1## where M is an element of Group IVb of the Periodic Table of Elements; X 1 and X 2 are respectively halogen; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are respectively hydrogen or an alkyl group of from 1 to 6 carbons; and m is an integer of 1 to 6; and an aluminoxane as a catalyst component (B) represented by the general formula (2) or (3): ##STR2## where n is an integer of from 4 to 60; and R 7 is an alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbons, phenyl or benzyl, preferably methyl, and a process for producing a polymer of an aromatic vinyl compound, comprising polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of the catalyst.

Process for producing styrene polymers

Disclosed is a process for producing a styrene polymer having a syndiotactic configuration and a wide molecular weight distribution, which is characterized by using as catalyst (a) two or more kinds of titanium compounds and (b) alkylaluminoxane, in the polymerization of styrene monomers. According to the process of the present invention, a styrene polymer which is excellent in physical properties such as heat resistance because of a high syndiotacticity, and also has a wide molecular weight distribution can be obtained. These styrene polymers can be suitably used as materials for various moldings including hollow molding, sheet molding, and film molding.

Catalyst for producing aromatic vinyl compound-based polymer composition and process for producing aromatic vinyl compound-based polymer composition using same

There are disclosed a catalyst for producing an aromatic vinyl compound-based polymer composition which catalyst comprises (A) at least two different transition metal compounds each having one π-ligand and (B) an ionic compound comprising a noncoordinate anion and a cation and/or an aluminoxane, and (C) a Lewis acid to be used as the case may be; and a process for producing an aromatic vinyl compound-based polymer composition having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration in its aromatic vinyl chains which process comprises polymerizing an (a) aromatic vinyl compound and (b) an olefinic compound and/or a diolefinic compound in the presence of the above catalyst. The catalyst according to the present invention, which has a high activity, can afford an resin composition comprising an aromatic vinyl compound-based polymer having a syndiotactic configuration and a rubbery elastomer, each being uniformly mixed therein, and thus the resin composition can efficiently be produced by the use of the above catalyst.

Organic alumino-oxy compounds and catalysts for the preparation o polymers containing the same

An organic alumino-oxy compound having an A1 to A2 ratio of 0.1 or below in the 27Al-NMR spectrum of the compound wherein A¿1? is the area of the region enclosed by both the segment, which joins the minimum point found between two consecutive curves (a) and (b) respectively containing the peaks appearing near 150 ppm and 60 ppm in the spectrum to the point at which the curve (b) comes into contact with the baseline of the spectrum, and the curve (b), and A2 is the area of the region enclosed by the curves (a) and (b) and the baseline; another organic alumino-oxy compound containing insolubles in a solvent mixture of toluene with hexane (2 : 5 by volume) at 30 °C or below in an amount of 5 % or above in terms of aluminum atom; and a catalyst for the preparation of polymers comprising any of the above organic alumino-oxy compounds and a transition metal compound. The above catalyst is a homogeneous one exhibiting high and stable catalytic activity and being useful for the polymerization of olefins and styrenes.

Preparation of syndiotactic polyolefins from prochiral olefins

Compositions comprising Group 4 metal complexes in the +2 or +3 formal oxidation state and containing a pentadienyl, allyl or a substituted derivative thereof and activating cocatalysts are used as catalysts for polymerizing olefins, diolefins and/or acetylenically unsaturated monomers. Monovinylidene aromatic monomers in particular are polymerized to form highly syndiotactic polymers.

Preparation of multimodal polymer compositions using multinuclear metallocene catalysts

A process is provided for preparing polymer compositions which are multimodal in nature. The process involves contacting, under polymerization conditions, a selected addition polymerizable monomer with a metallocene catalyst having two or more distinct and chemically different active sites, and a catalyst activator.

Catalyst and process for preparation of syndiotactic polystyrene

Syndiotactic polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers are prepared by conducting the polymerization in the presence of a catalytic amount of the reaction product of polymethylaluminoxane and a cyclopentadienyl/titanium complex.

Method for producing styrene polymer and its catalyst

Method for producing styrenic polymer and catalyst thereof

Catalyst for producing vinyl polymer and process for producing vinylaromatic polymer

A catalyst for producing vinyl polymers which comprises a combination of (A) a transition metal compound having a tetrasubstituted cyclopentadienyl group as a π ligand, (B) an ionic compound comprising aluminoxane and/or a non-coordinating anion and a cation, and (C) a Lewis acid; and a process for producing a polymer of a vinylaromatic compound by using the above catalyst. The invention catalyst and process enable a highly syndiotactic, low-molecular polymer of a vinylaromatic compound such as styrene to be produced efficiently at a low production cost in a simplified manner.

Process for preparation of syndiotatic vinyl aromatic polymers

Procedimiento para la preparacion de polimeros aromaticos vinilicos sindiotacticos.

UN PROCESO PARA PREPARAR POLIMEROS AROMATICOS DE VINILO SINDIOTACTICOS QUE CONTIENEN UNO O MAS MONOMEROS AROMATICOS BAJO CONDICIONES DE POLIMERIZACION CON UN CATALIZADOR QUE CORRESPONDE A LA FORMULA: EN DONDE: CP ES UN SIMPLE GRUPO N5-CICLOPENTADIENILO O N5-CICLOPENTADIENILO SUSTITUIDO; M ES UNMETAL DE LOS GRUPOS 3,4,5,6,8,9,10 O DE LA SERIE LANTANIDA DE LA TABLA PERIODICA; X EN CADA OCURRENCIA ES UN RADICAL ANIONICO INERTE, CON LA PROVISION DE QUE AL MENOS UN X ES R; X'' ES UN RADICAL INERTE Y NEUTRAL; R ES HIDROCARBILO, SILILO, UNA COMBINACION DE ELLOS O UN DERIVADO DE ELLOS SUSTITUIDO QUE TIENE HASTA 20 ATOMOS DE CARBONO, SILICIO O CARBONO Y SILICIO; M Y P SON INDEPENDIENTEMENTE O O 1; N ES UN ENTERO MAYOR O IGUAL A 1; LA SUMA DE M Y N ES IGUAL A LA VALENCIA DE M; Y AION COMPATIBLE DE UNA SAL ACIDA DE BRONSTED.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines syndiotaktischen vinylaromatischen Polymers

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A PROCESS FOR PREPARING SYNDIOTACTIC VINYL AROMATIC POLYMERS COMPRISING CONTACTING ONE OR MORE AROMATIC MONOMERS UNDER POLYMERIZATION CONDITIONS WITH A CATALYST CORRESPONDING TO THE FORMULA; [CPMMXNX'P]+A' WHEREIN: CP IS A SINGLE n5-CYCLOPENTADIENYL OR n5-SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTADIENYL GROUP; M IS A METAL OF GROUP 3,4,5,6,8,9,10 OR THE LANTHANIDE SERIES OF THE PERIODIC TABLE; X EACH OCCURANCE IS AN INERT ANIONIC LIGAND, WITH THE PROVISO THAT AT LEAST ONE X IS R; X' IS AN INERT, NEUTRAL, DONOR LIGAND; R IS HYDROCARBYL, SILYL, A COMBINATION THEREOF OR A SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVE THEREOF HAVING UP TO 20 CARBON, SILICON OR CARBON AND SILICON ATOMS; M AND P ARE INDEPENDENTLY 0 OR 1; N IS AN INTERGER GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 1; THE SUM OF M AND N IS EQUAL TO THE VALENCE OF M; AND A' IS A NONCOORDINATING, COMPATIBLE ANION OF A BRONSTED ACID SALT.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

본 발명은 중합 조건하에서 하나 이상의 방향족 단량체를 일반식 [Cp m MX n X' p ] + A - 으로 표시되는 촉매와 접촉시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 신디오탁틱 비닐방향족 중합체의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a process for producing a syndiotactic vinylaromatic polymer, characterized in that under polymerization conditions at least one aromatic monomer is contacted with a catalyst represented by the general formula [Cp m MX n X ′ p ] + A − . 상기 식에서, Cp는 η 5 - 시클로펜타디에닐, 또는 η 5 - 치환된 시클로펜타디에닐기를, M은 주기율표상의 제 IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIII족 또는 란탄족의 금속을, 각 X는 불활성의 음이온성 리간드를 각각 나타내며, 여기서 각 X중의 적어도 하나는 R이며, X'는 불활성의 중성 주개 리간드를, R는 히드로카르빌, 실릴, 이들의 조합, 또는 20개까지의 탄소, 규소 또는 탄소 및 규소 원자를 갖는 치환된 이들의 유도체를 m 및 p는 각각 0 또는 1을, n은 1이상의 정수를 나타내며, m+n은 M의 원자가 보다 하나 적거나 2가 적으며, A - 는 브뢴스테드산염의 비배위성 양립음이온을 각각 나타낸다. Wherein Cp is η 5 -cyclopentadienyl, or η 5 -substituted cyclopentadienyl groups, M is a metal of Group IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, Group VIII or lanthanides on the periodic table, and each X is Each represents an inert anionic ligand, wherein at least one of each X is R, X 'is an inert neutral donor ligand, and R is hydrocarbyl, silyl, combinations thereof, or up to 20 carbons, silicon or Substituted derivatives of these having carbon and silicon atoms are m and p, respectively, 0 or 1, n represents an integer of 1 or more, m + n is one or less than the valence of M, A - is Each of the non-coordinating compatible anions of Köstide salt is shown.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

乙烯基芳族间同聚合物的制备方法

一种制备间同立构乙烯基芳族聚合物的方法，它包括将一种或多种芳族单体在聚合条件下同符合于下式的催化剂相接触，其中CP是η 5 -环戊二烯基或η 5 -取代环戊二烯基；X是惰性阴离子配位体且至少有一个X是R；X′是惰性中性给电子体配位体；R是烃基、甲硅烷基，它们的化合物或其取代的衍生物，m和p分别为0或1；n是大于或等于1的整数；A-是质子酸盐的非配位配伍性阴离子。 [Cp m MX n X’ p ] + A -

FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV SYNDIOTACTIC VINYLAROMATISKA POLYMERER.

Method for producing syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymer

Method of polymer preparing

FIELD: polymeric compounds. SUBSTANCE: method of polymer preparing involves the polymerization of styrene, p-methylstyrene or tert. -butylstyrene in the presence of titanium-containing catalyst of the general formula [Cp.TiX 2 ] + A - , where Cp - cyclopentadiene or pentamethylcyclopentadiene; X - methyl, benzyl or trimethylsilylmethyl; A - - tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, at molar ratio monomer: titanium from 3700: 1 to 125700: 1. Polymer obtained shows stereoregular structure, which exceeds by more than 50% syndiotacticity of racemic triad at 25-70 C. Polystyrene obtained shows high degree of syndiotactic properties and can be used for making of films, sheets and foam plastics. EFFECT: enhanced quality of polymer. 3 tbl УЭС ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК ВИ” 2011 654 ' 13) СЛ С 08 Е112/08, 4/52 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 4831165/05, 28.09.1990 (30) Приоритет: 4$/29.09.89/414846 13/22.03.90/498162 1$3/30.07.90/559475 (30) Приоритет: 29.09.1989 Ц$ 89 414846; 90 498162; 90 559475 (46) Дата публикации: 30.04.1994 (71) Заявитель: Дзе Дау Кемикал Компани (Ц5) (72) Изобретатель: Ричард Е.Кэмпбелл (младший)[ЦЗ] (73) Патентообладатель: Дзе Дау Кемикал Компани (1$) (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРА (57) Реферат: Использование: ДлЯ получения полистирола С ВЫСОКОЙ степенью синдиотактичности, используемого — ДлЯ изготовления пленок, листов и пенопластов. Сущность изобретения: способ получения полимера со стереорегулярной структурой, превышающей более чем на 50% синдиотактичность рацемической триады при 25 - ГО С путем полимеризации стирола, п-метилстирола или трет-бутилстирола в присутствии титансодержащего катализатора общей формулы . ‚ где Ср - сот, А циклопентадиен или пентаметилциклопентадиен: х-метил, бензил или триметилсилилметил, А `-тетра(пентафторфенил) борат, при молярном соотношении мономер: титан от З7ОО: 1 до 125700: 1. 3 табл. 2011654 С1 КО УЭС ПЧ Го (19) КУЗЗАМ АСЕМСУ ГОК ...

Process for producing a styrenic polymer and a catalyst for use therein

There are disclosed a catalyst well suited for producing a styrenic polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration which comprises a transition-metal compound such as pentamethylcyclopentadienyltrimethyltitanium and a coordination complex compound comprising an anion in which a plurality of radicals are bonded to a metal and a quaternary ammonium salt, the compound being exemplified by orthocyano-N-methylpyridinium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, or comprises an alkylating agent such as triisobutylaluminum in addition to the above two compounds; and a process for producing a styrenic polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration by polymerizing a styrenic monomer using the aforementioned catalyst. Consequently, a styrenic polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration can be produced effectively without the use of an expensive aluminoxane required in a large amount if used.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers using reduced metal catalyst

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers with a catalyst comprising a Group 4 metal complex in the +3 oxidation state and a polyalkylaluminoxane cocatalyst.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers using reduced metal cationic catalyst

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers with a catalyst comprising a cationic Group 4 metal complex wherein the metal is in the +3 oxidation state formed from the corresponding metal hydrocarbyloxy containing complex in the presence of a hydrocarbylation agent.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers using chain transfer agent

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers with tri n-propyl aluminum chain transfer agent under Ziegler-Natta polymerization conditions.

Process for producing a styrenic polymer

There are disclosed a catalyst which comprises (A) a titanium compound having one π electron-based ligand (e.g. pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group) or two same π electron-based lignads and (B) an ionic compound comprising a non-coordinate anion and a cation of an element typifying the group 4 elements of the Periodic Table (e.g. triphenylcarbonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate; a catalyst comprising (C) an alkylating agent (e.g. triisobutylaluminum) in addition to the components (A) and (B); and a process for producing a styrenic polymer by the use of any of the aforesaid catalysts. By using the aforementioned catalyst and process, a highly syndiotactic styrenic polymer can be efficiently produced.

Transition metal compound, polymerization catalyst using same and process for producing styrenic polymer using said polymerization catalyst

There are disclosed a transition metal compound of the general formula RMXa-1Lb (R is as a pi ligand, a fused polycyclic cyclopentadienyl group in which at least one of many-membered rings to which cyclopentadienyl groups are fusedly bonded is a saturated ring, M is a transition metal, X is a sigma ligand, L is a Lewis base, a is the valency of M, and b is 0, 1 or 2); a polymerization catalyst for styrene, etc. comprising the above transition metal, preferably further comprising an oxygen atom containing compound ionic compound or organoboron compound and optionally a Lewis base; and a process for producing a polymer of a compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated double bond or an acetylenic polymer, especially a syndiotactic polystyrene by using the above polymerization catalyst. The catalyst is particularly effectivive for producing highly syndiotactic polystyrene minimized in residual metals amounts at a low cost in enhanced efficiency.

Process for producing styrenic polymer

There is disclosed a process for producing a syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) which comprises polymerizing a styrenic monomer having a content of indene-based compounds of at most 50 ppm by bringing a polymerization catalyst into contact with the above styrenic monomer, which catalyst preferably comprises an (A) transition metal compound (e.g. Ti compound) and (B) an (a) compound capable of reacting with the above transition metal compound (component (A)) to form an ionic complex (e.g. DMAB) or a (b) oxygen atom-containing compound (e.g. MAO), and optionally a (C) alkyl group-containing metallic compound (e.g. TIBA). By virtue of using the above styrenic monomer, the process enables to minimize the amount of the residual metals in the resultant styrenic polymer without deterioration of the catalytic activity, simplify the process and thereby curtail the production cost of SPS.

Improved syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymerization process

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers with a catalyst composition comprising a Group 4 metal complex, an activating cocatalyst, and a hydrocarbylsilane or di(hydrocarbyl)silane adjuvant.

Styrenic polymer and molded article

A styrenic polymer having a highly syndiotactic configuration (SPS) is herein disclosed in which the weight-average molecular weight of the styrenic polymer is in the range of 1×10 4 to 2×10 6 and in which the weight fraction of an extract extracted with methylene chloride from a gel obtained by dissolving the styrenic polymer in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and then cooling the solution is 10% by weight or less, and a molded article comprising the SPS is also disclosed.

Process for controlling molecular weight of a styrenic polymer

The present invention relates to a process for controlling molecular weight of a styrenic polymer by adding an organometallic compound such as triethylaluminum when a crystalline styrenic polymer having a highly syndiotactic configuration is produced by using a catalyst for producing a styrenic polymer having the syndiotactic configuration. A styrenic polymer having a highly syndiotactic configuration can efficiently be obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing a styrenic compound in accordance with the process of the present invention. Therefore, the process of the present invention is expected to be advantageously used for producing the styrenic polymer.

Syndiotactic terpolymers of styrene

Syndiotactic terpolymers of styrene comprising repetitive units deriving from: a) 99.5-60% in moles of styrene; and b) 0.5-40% in moles of vinyltoluene having a weight average molecular weight of more than 20,000 and a stereoregularity of the syndiotactic type of more than 90%.

Process for the preparation of crystalline vinylaromatic polymers with a predominately syndiotactic structure

Process for the preparation of crystalline vinylaromatic polymers with a predominantly syndiotactic structure which comprises polymerizing the vinylaromatic monomers, alone or mixed with at least another copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in the presence of a catalytic system essentially consisting of: a) an adduct between a derivative of titanium having the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 Ti and a calix-[n]-arene, or an oxa-calix-[n]-arene; b) a co-catalyst selected from an alkylalumoxane and a compound of boron having the formula (II): BX.sub.1 X.sub.2 X.sub.3 or its salt.

Zirconium containing catalysts and method of use

Polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers having a high degree of syndiotacticity are prepared by contacting with a catalyst comprising a zirconium (IV) complex and polymethylaluminoxane under polymerization conditions.

Polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers using cyclopentadienyl zirconium catalysts

Polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers having a high degree of syndiotacticity are prepared by contacting with a catalyst comprising a cyclopentadienyl zirconium (IV) complex and polymethylaluminoxane under polymerization conditions.

Process using borane derived catalysts for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers comprising contacting at least one polymerizable vinyl aromatic monomer under polymerization conditions with a catalyst comprising a compound corresponding to the formula: L.sub.m MX.sub.n.sup.+ RA.sup.-, wherein: L is a delocalized Π-bonding group containing up to 50 nonhydrogen atoms; m is 0 or 1; M is a metal of Group 4 of the Periodic Table; X each occurrence is an inert, anionic ligand containing up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms; n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and the sum of m and n is one less than the valence of M; and RA - is - RB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 , where R is hydride, hydrocarbyl, silyl, a combination thereof or a substituted derivative thereof having up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms. Also included is a process for preparing the catalyst.

Process for producing a styrenic polymer

There are disclosed a catalyst which comprises (A) a titanium compound having one π electron-based ligand (e.g. pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group) or two same π electron-based lignads and (B) an ionic compound comprising a non-coordinate anion and a cation of an element typifying the group 4 elements of the Periodic Table (e.g. triphenylcarbonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate; a catalyst comprising (C) an alkylating agent (e.g. triisobutylaluminum) in addition to the components (A) and (B); and a process for producing a styrenic polymer by the use of any of the aforesaid catalysts. By using the aforementioned catalyst and process, a highly syndiotactic styrenic polymer can be efficiently produced.

Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers using reduced metal cationic catalysts

A process for preparing syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers with a catalyst comprising a cationic Group 4 metal complex wherein the metal is in the +3 oxidation state formed from the corresponding metal hydrocarbyloxy containing complex in the presence of a hydrocarbylation agent.