METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CONVERTING PLASTIC TO FUEL

A method for producing a vapor stream from waste plastic comprises providing a waste plastic feedstock into a reactor containing one or more residues produced from a previously heated source of waste plastic, and heating the waste plastic feedstock in the reactor to a temperature from about 125° C. to 500° C. to generate a vapor containing one or more hydrocarbons. The waste plastic feedstock can be heated in the reactor without any added external catalyst. The waste plastic feedstock can have a calcium to sodium mass ratio from about 0.0001 to 400 as measured by inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The catalytic activity in the reactor may be provided through one or more constituent elements in the waste plastic feedstock or the one or more residues produced from the previously heated source of waste plastic. 1. A method for producing a vapor stream from waste plastic , comprising:a. providing a waste plastic feedstock into a reactor containing one or more residues produced from a previously heated source of waste plastic; andb. heating said waste plastic feedstock in said reactor to a temperature from about 125° C. to 500° C. to generate a vapor containing one or more hydrocarbons, wherein said waste plastic feedstock is heated in said reactor without any added external catalyst,wherein said waste plastic feedstock has a calcium to sodium mass ratio from about 0.0001 to 400, as measured by inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry.2. A method for producing a vapor stream from waste plastic , comprising:a. providing a waste plastic feedstock into a reactor containing one or more residues produced from a previously heated source of waste plastic; andb. heating said waste plastic feedstock in said reactor to a temperature from about 125° C. to 500° C. to generate a vapor containing one or more hydrocarbons, wherein said waste plastic feedstock is heated in said reactor without any added external catalyst,wherein said residue has a calcium to sodium mass ...

ELECTRICAL HEATING COAL MATERIAL DECOMPOSITION APPARATUS

An electrical heating coal material decomposition apparatus includes a closed kiln body with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, and an electrical heating device arranged in the kiln body. A propulsion and decomposition path of coal material is formed between the electrical heating device and the inner wall of the kiln body. A coal decomposition gas collecting pipe communicates with the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material, and is connected with a gas dust-trapping and liquefying device arranged outside the kiln. The electrical heating device transfers heat to the pulverized coal inside the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material by conduction and irradiation. The pulverized coal absorbs sufficient heat and decomposes into fuel gas, tar gas and coal. The fuel gas and tar gas enters the gas dust-trapping and liquefying mechanism through the decomposed gas collecting tube, where they are collected, dust-trapped, separated and liquefied under pressure. 1. An electrical heating coal material decomposition apparatus comprising:a closed kiln body with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, wherein an electrical heating device is arranged in the kiln body, a propulsion and decomposition path of coal material is formed between the electrical heating device and the inner wall of the kiln body, a coal decomposition gas collecting pipe which is communicated with the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material is arranged on the kiln body, and the coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is connected with a gas dust-trapping and liquefying device which is arranged outside the kiln body;and wherein the electrical heating device is rotatably arranged relative to the kiln body and a rotary propulsion device is arranged in the inner wall of the kiln body.2. The electrical heating coal material decomposition apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the rotary propulsion device arranged in the inner wall of the kiln body is a rising plate.3. The electrical ...

HYBRID SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WHOLE TIRES AND OTHER SOLID CARBON MATERIALS INTO RECLAIMABLE AND REUSABLE COMPONENTS

A system and method of converting tires or other solid carbon based material is disclosed, including providing a chamber, feeding the solid carbon based material into the chamber, rotating the chamber, heating and reducing the material in the chamber, collecting solid residue from the chamber, collecting vapor from the chamber, and converting vapor collected from the chamber to a liquid. In an embodiment, the material includes a whole tire. The tire is heated in the chamber causing the tire to collapse and liquefy, exposing the metal in the tire which aids in grinding the carbon material in the tire as it tumbles, collecting solid residue, for example tire carbons, and collecting vapor, for example vaporized oil, and benzene and methane gas from the chamber and converting the oil. The chamber may be heated to a temperature from about 500° F. to about 1000° F. using gases reclaimed from the material. 1. A method of converting a tire comprising the steps of:providing a rotatable chamber in which a tire can be heated;introducing a tire into the chamber;rotating the chamber causing a tumbling of the tire in the chamber; indirectly heating the tire in the chamber while rotating the chamber to reduce the tire, wherein the chamber is heated to a temperature between about 500° F. and about 1000° F.;collecting low temperature gases or oil or both from the reduced tire from the chamber; andcollecting residual solids from the tire from the chamber.23-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tire is a solid whole tire.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collected low temperature gases include one or more of methane and benzene.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collected residual solids include carbon solids.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collected low temperature gases include one or more of methane and benzene and the collected residual solids include carbon solids and metal from the tire.9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 4 , wherein ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WHOLE TIRES AND OTHER SOLID CARBON MATERIALS INTO RECLAIMABLE AND REUSABLE COMPONENTS

A system and method of converting tires or other solid carbon based material is disclosed, including providing a chamber, feeding the solid carbon based material into the chamber, rotating the chamber, heating and reducing the material in the chamber, collecting solid residue from the chamber, collecting vapor from the chamber, and converting vapor collected from the chamber to a liquid. In an embodiment, the material includes a whole tire. The tire is heated in the chamber causing the tire to collapse and liquefy, exposing the metal in the tire which aids in grinding the carbon material in the tire as it tumbles, collecting solid residue, for example tire carbons, and collecting vapor, for example vaporized oil, and benzene and methane gas from the chamber and converting the oil. The chamber may be heated to a temperature from about 350° F. to about 1100° F. using gases reclaimed from the material. 1. A method of converting solid carbon based material comprising the steps of:providing a rotatable chamber in which the material can be heated;introducing the material into the chamber;indirectly heating the chamber;rotating the heated chamber with the material in the heated chamber to reduce the material;collecting low temperature gases or oil or both from the reduced material from the chamber; andcollecting residual solids from the reduced material from the chamber;wherein the chamber is heated to a temperature between about 350° F. and about 1100° F.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material includes a tire.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material is a solid whole tire introduced into the chamber without pre-treatment of the tire.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chamber has an interior surface and the interior surface is provided with a rib system to rotate the material in the chamber and cause a tumbling of the material in the chamber.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the chamber is heated to a temperature between about 400° F. and about 1050° F.6 ...

PYROLYSIS APPARATUS AND METHODS USING SAME

An apparatus and methods of using the apparatus are described to decompose plastic to form a fuel for use in generating energy such as electricity. 1. A thermal conversion pyrolysis reactor apparatus including:a. a pyrolysis reactor vessel with a heat source to heat plastic material in bottom vessel;b. a conveyer for transporting char and/or plastic from the vessel; andc. a condensing seal through which decomposed gas travels and wherein the condensing seal prevents entry of oxygen into the vessel and egress of heavier compounds out of the vessel.2. The apparatus as claimed in wherein the heat source is electricity.3. The apparatus as claimed in wherein the conveyer inlet is sealed by use of a cooling tube around a portion of the conveyer prior to entry of the conveyer into the reactor and wherein molten plastic and/or char in the reactor bottom enters the cooling tube or tubes and solidifies on or cools in the conveyer.4. The apparatus as claimed in wherein the conveyer outlet is sealed by use of a cooling tube around a portion of the conveyer as the conveyer exits the reactor and wherein molten plastic and/or char in the reactor bottom enters the cooling tube and solidifies on or in the chain conveyer.5. The apparatus as claimed in wherein the cooling tube abuts the reactor vessel.6. The apparatus as claimed in wherein water is used as a coolant in the cooling tube.7. The apparatus as claimed in wherein the condensing seal includes a cooling jacket surrounding an outlet of the reactor through which decomposed gas is conveyed from the reactor.8. The apparatus as claimed in wherein the condensing seal creates a layer of cool gas and gases of a higher density or molecular weight condense in the layer and return to the reactor.9. The apparatus as claimed in wherein water is used as a coolant in the condensing seal.10. The apparatus as claimed in wherein the heat source is sufficient to heat plastic material in the bottom of the apparatus to a temperature from 100° C. ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL

The present invention describes a process for the production of biofuel, said process comprising, pretreating a feedstock, mixing a catalyst with said feedstock, transferring the mixture of catalyst and feedstock into a reactor,and subjecting said mixture to a heating sequence by applying microwave energy thereto, wherein the catalyst comprises an aluminosillicate mineral, the percentage of aluminosillicate mineral in the catalyst-feedstock mixture is less than 10% (w/w), and the temperature of the mixture of catalyst and feedstock is no higher than 450° C. during the process. 1. A process for the production of biofuel , said process comprising ,pretreating a feedstock,mixing a catalyst with said feedstock,transferring the mixture of catalyst and feedstock into a reactor, andsubjecting said mixture to a heating sequence by applying microwave energy thereto, wherein the catalyst comprises an aluminosillicate mineral, the percentage of the aluminosilicate mineral in the catalyst-feedstock mixture is less than 10% (w/w), and the temperature of the mixture of catalyst and feedstock is no higher than 450° C. during the process.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the an operating pressure in the reactor is in the range of 50-130 kPa.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the operating pressure in the reactor is lower than the atmospheric pressure.4. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the operating pressure in the reactor is higher than the atmospheric pressure.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a heating sequence is no longer than 200 min.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a heating sequence is controlled by moving the said mixture of catalyst and feedstock through the reactor past static microwave generators.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminosillicate mineral is a zeolite.8. A process according to wherein the percentage of the aluminosillicate mineral in the catalyst-feedstock mixture is less than 5% (w/w).9. A ...

GASIFIER WITH CONTROLLED BIOCHAR REMOVAL MECHANISM

A biochar and electric power generator that receives carbonaceous material and outputs variable amounts of electrical energy and char, including a pyrolysis module, a reaction module, and a char removal mechanism arranged between the pyrolysis module and the reaction module, an engine module including an engine and an alternator, configured to convert gaseous fuel produced by the reaction module into electric power and to provide waste heat to the pyrolysis module, and a flare configured to burn tar gas and to provide waste heat to the pyrolysis module. 1. A gasifier , comprising:a pyrolysis module;a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the pyrolysis module and fluidly connected to an external heat source;a reaction module coaxially aligned with the pyrolysis module along a gravity vector; a collection mode, wherein the char removal mechanism is active and collects char from a pyrolysis module interior; and', 'a standby mode, wherein the char removal mechanism is static., 'a char removal mechanism arranged between the reaction module and the pyrolysis module, the char removal mechanism operable between2. The gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising an engine module comprising an engine and an alternator that converts fuel received from the reaction module into electrical power claim 1 , the engine module comprising an engine exhaust fluidly connected to the heat exchanger claim 1 , wherein external heat source comprises the engine exhaust.3. The gasifier of claim 2 , further comprising a flare configured to combust tar gas claim 2 , the flare comprising a flare input and a flare output claim 2 , the flare input fluidly connected to the pyrolysis module and the flare output fluidly connected to the heat exchanger claim 2 , wherein the external heat source comprises the flare output.4. The gasifier of claim 3 , further comprising a controller that controls gasifier operation between:a full char extraction mode, wherein the char removal mechanism is in the collection ...

BIOCHAR GENERATOR AND ASSOCIATED METHODS

A biochar generator may include a pyrolysis chamber, a heater connected to the pyrolysis chamber and a biochar collection chamber in communication with the pyrolysis chamber. A biochar collection chamber sensor may sense a composition of the biochar collected in the biochar collection chamber to define a sensed composition of the biochar. A controller in electrical communication with the biochar collection chamber sensor may utilize the sensed composition of the biochar to dynamically alter conditions in the pyrolysis chamber to alter the composition of the biochar. 1. A biochar generator comprising:a pyrolysis chamber;a heater connected to the pyrolysis chamber;a biochar collection chamber in communication with the pyrolysis chamber;a biochar collection chamber sensor to sense a composition of the biochar collected in the biochar collection chamber to define a sensed composition of the biochar; anda controller in electrical communication with the biochar collection chamber sensor;wherein the controller utilizes the sensed composition of the biochar to dynamically alter conditions in the pyrolysis chamber to alter the composition of the biochar.2. The biochar generator according to further comprising:a vapor condenser connected to the pyrolysis chamber;a synthesis gas collection chamber in communication with the vapor condenser to collect synthesis gas from the vapor condenser; anda bio oil collection chamber in communication with the vapor condenser to collect bio oil from the vapor condenser.3. The biochar generator according to further comprising a bio oil collection chamber sensor to sense a composition of the bio oil collected in the bio oil collection chamber to define a sensed composition of the bio oil; and wherein the controller utilizes the sensed composition of the bio oil to dynamically alter conditions in at least one of the pyrolysis chamber or the vapor condenser to alter the composition of the bio oil.4. The biochar generator according to further ...

System and process for converting plastics to petroleum products

A system and process for converting plastics and other heavy hydrocarbon solids into retail petroleum products are provided. The plastics are processed by melting, pyrolysis, vapourization, and selective condensation, whereby final in-spec petroleum products are produced. The system provides a reactor for subjecting the plastics to pyrolysis and cracking hydrocarbons in the plastics to produce a plastics vapour comprising hydrocarbon substituents; one or more separation vessels for separating the plastics vapour into hydrocarbon substituents based on boiling points of the hydrocarbon substituents; one or more condensers for condensing the hydrocarbon substituents into one or more petroleum products; and means for collecting the one or more petroleum products. Fuels generated during the process can be recycled for use upstream in the process.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF POLYETHYLENE AND POLYPROPYLENE WASTE

The invention relates to a method and device for processing industrial and domestic polyethylene and polypropylene waste by destructive distillation. A method for the destructive distillation of polyethylene and polypropylene waste includes charging a destructive distillation reactor with polyethylene and polypropylene waste that has been pre-cleaned of contaminants by flotation, and heating the furnace of the distillation reactor using a fuel burner; maintaining the temperature in a hydrocarbon collector tank using exhaust gases, regulating the outlet temperature of a vapour-gas mixture of hydrocarbons, and recovering paraffin fractions; fractionating the remaining distillation products in a fractionating column, and regulating the outlet temperature of the remaining vapour-gas mixture from the fractionating column; cooling the remaining vapour-gas mixture, separating same into a naphtha fraction and a gas fraction, and charging a subsequent destructive distillation reactor with feedstock, wherein prior to charging, the bottom part of each reactor is coated with a layer of a non-stick lubricant, the reactor furnaces are connected with the aid of air cushions, and the reactors are charged in several steps according to the following cycle: “charging a reactor with feedstock, generating a vacuum in the charged reactor space, heating the reactor to 110-260° C. to liquefy the charged feedstock” 1. The method for destructive distillation of polyethylene and polypropylene waste involving feeding polyethylene and polypropylene waste to the first destructive distillation reactor that is pre-cleaned by flotation from polyvinylchloride , polyethylene terephthalate , cellulose , organic compounds , rubber impurities; attaching and heating the furnace of the first destructive distillation reactor by a fuel burner; heating and maintaining the temperature in the hydrocarbon receiver with exhaust gases , while the temperature in the hydrocarbon receiver is controlled by feeding ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERING CARBON FIBERS FROM COMPOSITE MATERIAL WASTE

A method for recovering carbon fibers from composite material waste includes coating a solid acid powder onto a surface of a composite material waste having carbon fibers and a resin matrix, pyrolyzing the resin matrix of the coated composite material waste in an inert environment, and oxidizing the pyrolyzed resin of the composite material waste in an air environment. 1. A method for recovering carbon fibers from composite material waste , the method comprising:coating a solid acid powder onto a surface of a composite material waste having carbon fibers and a resin matrix;pyrolyzing the resin matrix of the coated composite material waste in an inert environment; andoxidizing the pyrolyzed resin of the composite material waste in an air environment.2. The method of wherein the step of coating includes spraying a layer of solid super acid SO/TiOpowder onto the surface of the composite material waste.3. The method of wherein the step of pyrolyzing includes putting the composite material waste into a pyrolysis device and connecting nitrogen to expel air from the device to form the inert environment.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolyzing includes heating the coated composite material waste to a temperature of 500-700° C. for 10 to 30 minutes in the inert environment.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising stopping the heating and naturally cooling to 350-450° C.6. The method of wherein the step of oxidizing includes keeping a temperature at 350-450° C. for 10 to 60 minutes.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising stopping the heating and naturally cooling to room temperature.8. The method of wherein the resin matrix in the composite material waste includes a thermoset resin.9. The method of wherein the thermoset resin includes at least one of epoxy resin claim 8 , unsaturated polyester claim 8 , and phenolic resin.10. The method of wherein the resin matrix in the composite material waste includes a thermoplastic resin.11. The method of wherein the ...

CO-PRODUCTION OF ANODE AND FUEL GRADE PETROLEUM COKE IN A DELAYED COKER UNIT

Co-production a product anode grade coke and a product fuel grade coke is done using a system configured to implement a method that includes: directing an anode grade coker charge material from a tower to a first coke drum set; generating the product anode grade coke using the first coke drum set while directing a first vapor stream from the first coker drum set to the tower; directing a fuel grade coker charge material from a fractionator to a second coke drum set; generating the product fuel grade coke using the second coke drum set while directing a second vapor stream from the second coke drum set to the fractionator; and directing a third vapor stream from the tower to the fractionator while generating the product anode grade coke using the first coke drum set and generating the product fuel grade coke using the second coke drum set. 1. A method of co-generating a product anode grade coke and a product fuel grade coke , comprising:directing an anode grade coker charge material from a tower to a first coke drum set;generating the product anode grade coke using the first coker drum set while directing a first vapor stream from the first coke drum set to the tower;directing a fuel grade coker charge material from a fractionator to a second coke drum set;generating the product fuel grade coke using the second coke drum set while directing a second vapor stream from the second coker drum set to the fractionator; anddirecting a third vapor stream from the tower to the fractionator while generating the product anode grade coke using the first coke drum set and while generating the product fuel grade coke using the second coke drum set.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:pressurizing and heating the anode grade coker charge material being directed to the first coke drum set.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product anode grade coke is generated using a batch operation.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:directing an anode grade vacuum residue ...

THREE-STAGE ENERGY-INTEGRATED PRODUCT GAS GENERATION SYSTEM

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 11001102. A three-stage energy-integrated product gas generation system () configured to produce a product gas from a carbonaceous material () , the system comprising:{'b': 100', '101, 'claim-text': [{'b': 104', '101, 'a first reactor carbonaceous material input () to the first interior ();'}, {'b': 108', '101, 'a first reactor reactant input () to the first interior (), and'}, {'b': '124', 'a first reactor product gas output ();'}], '(a) a first reactor () having a first interior () and comprising{'b': 200', '201, 'claim-text': [{'b': 204', '201', '124, 'a second reactor char input () to the second interior (), in fluid communication with the first reactor product gas output ();'}, {'b': 220', '201, 'a second reactor oxygen-containing gas input () to the second interior ();'}, {'b': '224', 'a second reactor product gas output (); and'}, {'b': 201', '212', '216', '216', '108, 'a second reactor heat exchanger (HX-B) in thermal contact with the second interior (), the second reactor heat exchanger comprising a second reactor heat transfer medium inlet () and a second reactor heat transfer medium outlet (), the second reactor heat transfer medium outlet () being in fluid communication with the first reactor reactant input (); and'}], '(b) a second reactor () having a second interior () and comprising{'b': 300', '301, 'claim-text': [{'b': 303', '304', '305', '301', '124', '224, 'one or more ...

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes. 1. A regenerative , reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor comprising ,(a) first and second reactors, each comprising a unitary reactor bed;(b) a mixing region located between the first and second reactors;(c) first and second channels located within the first reactor, the first and second channels being thermally-connected, substantially independent flow-paths;(d) a third channel located within the second reactor; and (i) a first reactant via the first channel during a first time interval,', '(ii) a second reactant via a second channel during the first time interval, and', '(iii) a first portion of the second reactant via the first channel and a second portion of the second reactant via the second channel during a second time interval., '(e) first valve means for directing to the mixing region'}2. The regenerative claim 1 , reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , further comprising second valve means for directing a hydrocarbon-containing feed to the second reactor for pyrolysis.3. The regenerative claim 1 , reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first or second valve means comprises hydrodynamic valve means including at least one sparger.4. A process for removing combustible non-volatiles from a reactor system claim 1 , comprising:(A) depositing combustible non-volatiles during a first conversion step, the combustible non-volatiles being deposited in first and second conduits of a first reactor, the first reactor being located within the reactor system; (a) conducting a first-reactant through the first conduit and a second-reactant through the second conduit;', '(b) heating the reactor system by exothermically reacting at least a portion of the ...

PYROLYSIS SYSTEM WITH OPTIMIZED REACTION SEQUENCING

Systems and methods for processing pyrolyzable materials in order to recover one or more usable end products are provided. Pyrolysis methods and systems according to various aspects of the present invention are able to thermally decompose carbon-containing materials, including, for example, tires and other rubber-containing materials, in order recover hydrocarbon-containing products including synthesis gas, pyrolysis oil, and carbon black. Systems and methods according to aspects of the present invention may be successful on a commercial scale, and may be suitable for processing a variety of feedstocks, including, but not limited to, used tires and other types of industrial, agricultural, and consumer waste materials. 1. A method of pyrolyzing a rubber-containing material , said method comprising:(a) at least partially filling a first crucible with a first quantity of rubber-containing material;(b) heating said first crucible in a first heating zone under conditions sufficient to pyrolyze at least a portion of said first quantity of rubber-containing material therein;(c) at least partially filling a second crucible with a second quantity of rubber-containing material and/or one or more pyrolysis products; and(d) during said heating of said first crucible, transferring said second crucible into or out of a second heating zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second heating zone is disposed in the same pyrolysis furnace as said first heating zone.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second heating zone is disposed in a different pyrolysis furnace than said first heating zone.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising during said heating of said first crucible claim 1 , preheating a third crucible at least partially filled with a third quantity of rubber-containing material in a third heating zone.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said third heating zone is in the same pyrolysis furnace as at least one of said first and said second heating zones.6. The ...

MULTI-TUBE PYROLYSIS SYSTEM FOR WASTE PLASTIC

A multi-tube pyrolysis system for waste plastic contains: a preparation system, a decomposition system, and a filtration system. The preparation system includes a collection module, a selection module, a crushing module, and a plastic extrusion module. The decomposition system includes a reaction furnace, a primary combustion chamber assembly, a secondary combustion chamber assembly, a cooling module, an oil storage tank, and a carbon storage tank. The reaction furnace includes multiple first delivery tubes, and the carbon storage tank has a water filtering module. The filtration system includes a heat exchanger, a rapid cooling device, and a cyclone separation module. 1. A multi-tube pyrolysis system for waste plastic comprising:a preparation system including a collection module, a selection module, a crushing module, and a plastic extrusion module; wherein the collection module guides waste plastic to the selection module after collecting the waste plastic, the selection module picks up non-plastic substances from the waste plastic, and the waste plastic is crushed by a crushing module, an output tube of the plastic extrusion module heats and melts the waste plastic, then the plastic extrusion module delivers the waste plastic which is melt to a decomposition system;wherein the decomposition system includes a reaction furnace, a primary combustion chamber assembly, a secondary combustion chamber assembly, a cooling module, an oil storage tank, and a carbon storage tank, wherein the reaction furnace includes multiple first delivery tubes defined therein and configured to heat the waste plastic which is melt, when the waste plastic which is melt is located inside the multiple first delivery tubes, the multiple first delivery tubes have no oxygen so as to heat and decompose the waste plastic which is melt, thus producing decomposed carbon and oil-gas mixed liquid in the reaction furnace; the decomposed carbon is delivered to the carbon storage tank by a second ...

PYROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD OF RECOVERING CARBON FIBRES FROM CARBON-FIBRE-CONTAINING PLASTICS

The invention relates to a pyrolysis plant and a process for recovering (recycling) carbon fibers from carbon fiber-containing plastics, in particular from carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFPs or CFP materials), preferably from carbon fiber-containing and/or carbon fiber-reinforced composites (composite materials). 1. A pyrolysis plant for recovering carbon fibers from carbon fiber-containing plastics (CFP material) ,wherein the pyrolysis plant comprises:an elongated pyrolysis furnace for the continuous pyrolysis of CFP material which operates continuously during operation,an input station for introducing CFP material to be processed into the pyrolysis furnace at its one end,an output station for discharging recovered carbon fiber material from the pyrolysis furnace at its other end,a gas offtake device for pyrolysis gas produced in the pyrolysis furnace, anda control device for regulating at least individual constituents of the gas in the pyrolysis furnace;wherein the pyrolysis furnace is an indirectly heated rotary tube furnace which has at least the following constituents:an elongated rotary tube which forms the accommodation space for the CFP material to be processed and is connected to the input station and the output station, with the rotary tube being provided on its cylindrical wall with exit openings for discharging pyrolysis gas formed during the pyrolysis over at least part of its length, anda housing which is insulated from the outside and at least partly surrounds the rotary tube and has openings for the input station and optionally also for the output station and has discharge lines for the pyrolysis gas, where a plurality of sections having different or differently regulatable gas temperatures are provided in the housing along the length of the rotary tube;wherein the exit openings in the rotary tube are provided at least in the section having the highest gas temperature;wherein the pyrolysis furnace has various sections, namely at least one heating ...

METHOD FOR TREATING VAPOURS GENERATED DURING THE PROCESS FOR RECOVERING CARBON FIBRES FROM COMPOSITES BY PYROLYSIS

A method for treating vapours generated during the pyrolysis of carbon fibre composites, such as production waste generated by the producers or composites of carbon fibre at the end of the service life thereof, includes, passing the vapours through a reactor which is at a high temperature and contains a solid material filler (solid bed), for example CSi, and optionally also a solid catalyst having an acid and/or reforming function, preferably both, for example a transition metal supported on an acid substrate, such as Ni on zeolite. Following the condensation of the vapours resulting from the treatment, an improved aqueous liquid phase, a minimum or non-existent organic fraction and a gaseous phase of increased added value are obtained. 1. A method for treating vapour generated during pyrolysis of composites of carbon fibre that comprises passing said vapours through a reactor filled with a solid bed having a temperature between 500-° C. and 1000-° C.2. The method of treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the solid bed is selected from the group formed by quartz claim 1 , ceramic and refractory materials claim 1 , coke and carbon solids from the pyrolysis of biomass claim 1 , and mixtures thereof3. The method of treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the solid bed and a solid catalyst having an acid function claim 1 , a reforming function claim 1 , or both claim 1 , are used.4. The method of treatment according to claim 3 , wherein the solid catalyst comprises at least one transition metal oxide supported on an acid substrate.5. The method of treatment according to claim 4 , wherein the transition metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide claim 4 , ruthenium oxide claim 4 , palladium oxide claim 4 , rhodium oxide claim 4 , platinum oxide and iridium oxide and the mixtures thereof.6. The method of treatment according to claim 4 , wherein the solid catalyst further comprises at least one modifier metal oxide claim 4 , which is selected from ...

Process For Conversion of Organic, Waste, or Low-Value Materials into Useful Products

The present invention addresses the processing of waste and low-value products to produce useful materials in reliable purities and compositions, at acceptable cost, without producing malodorous emissions, and with high energy efficiency. In particular, the invention comprises a multi-stage process that converts various feedstocks such as offal, animal manures, municipal sewage sludge, tires, and plastics, that otherwise have little commercial value, to useful materials including gas, oil, specialty chemicals, and carbon solids. The process subjects the feedstock to heat and pressure, separates out various components, then further applies heat and pressure to one or more of those components. Various materials produced at different points in the process may be recycled and used to play other roles within the process. The invention further comprises an apparatus for performing a multi-stage process of converting waste products into useful materials, and at least one oil product that arises from the process. 1. An apparatus for converting a carbon-containing feedstock into at least one useful material , comprising:a pre-treatment unit for producing a heated slurry from the feedstock;a first stage reactor communicating with said vessel to receive said heated slurry, said first stage reactor configured to subject said heated slurry to a first increased temperature and a first increased pressure to produce a reacted feed that comprises at least one reacted solid product, at least one reacted liquid product, and water;at least one second stage separation unit communicating with the first stage reactor to receive the at least one solid product, at least one liquid product, and water, said unit configured to separate out said at least one reacted solid product, said water, and said at least one reacted liquid product; anda third stage reactor communicating with the separation unit to receive said at least one reacted liquid product, said third stage reactor configured to ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECOVERING CARBON FIBRES FROM CARBON-FIBRE CONTAINING PLASTICS

The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for recovering (recycling) carbon fibers from carbon fiber-containing plastics, in particular from carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFPs), preferably from carbon fiber-containing and/or carbon fiber-reinforced composites (composite materials), and also to the recycled carbon fibers obtainable by the process according to the invention and the use thereof. 19-. (canceled)10. A process for recovering carbon fibers from carbon fiber-containing plastics ,wherein the process comprises: an object based on a carbon fiber-containing plastic which comprises carbon fibers in a polymer matrix is subjected to a multistage pyrolysis in the presence of oxygen, with the polymer of the polymer matrix being decomposed during the pyrolysis to give the carbon fibers; (A) a heating-up zone A in which the object to be treated and to be recycled is heated to a defined temperature T(A),', {'b': '1', '(B1) subsequently, a first pyrolysis zone B in which a pyrolysis of the polymer of the polymer matrix of the object to be treated occurs and/or is carried out at a defined temperature T(B1) and a defined oxygen content G(B1),'}, {'b': 2', '1, '(B2) subsequently, a second pyrolysis zone B in which a final pyrolysis of the polymer of the polymer matrix of the object to be treated still present after the pyrolysis zone B is carried out at a defined temperature T(B2) and a defined oxygen content G(B2) to at least essentially complete removal,'}, {'b': '2', '(C) subsequently a cooling zone C for cooling the recycled carbon fibers RF obtained from the second pyrolysis zone B;'}], 'wherein the pyrolysis is carried out in a pyrolysis apparatus P, wherein the pyrolysis apparatus P comprises at least the following treatment zones in the order specified below and the object goes through the following treatment zones in this order{'b': 2', '1', '2', '1, 'wherein the oxygen content G(B2) in the second pyrolysis zone B is increased compared to the ...

METHODS FOR THE USE OF ULTRA-CLEAN CHAR

Ultra-clean char is used to generate hydrocarbons and/or electricity in a clean environmentally friendly process. The ultra-clean char is produced by pyrolizing organic matter, such as coal or various organic waste. The pyrolized organic matter may be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce heat, which can be used to generate electricity in a conventional boiler/generator system. Further, pyrolized organic matter can be combusted in the presence of carbon dioxide and further processed to produce various hydrocarbons. In other embodiments, the ultra-clean char may be subjected to an extraction process for capturing valuable rare earth elements. 1. A method for creating and using an ultra-clean char , comprising the steps of:(a) pyrolizing a carbon-based material at a temperature greater than 800° C. to produce an ultra-clean char, wherein the ultra-clean char is substantially free of at least one of an impurity selected from the group consisting of mercury, sulfur and nitrogen present in the carbon-based material prior to pyrolization;(b) capturing hydrogen from the pyrolization for use in downstream processes; and(c) combusting the ultra-clean char to produce energy used for the pyrolization.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultra-clean char contains less than 5% of the impurity present in the carbon-based material prior to pyrolization.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultra-clean char contains less than 1% of the impurity present in the carbon-based material prior to pyrolization.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:(a) capturing ultra-clean carbon dioxide from the combustion of the ultra-clean char; and(b) redirecting the ultra-clean carbon dioxide for use in a process selected from the group consisting of organic fuel production, biomass production, and sequestration.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolization is at temperatures greater than 1000° C.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pyrolization is at ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF A RENEWABLE LIQUID FUEL

A system and method for torrefying a combination of biomass and biochar colloidal dispersion is provided. 1. A method of making a green biofuel based on renewable biomass feedstock , comprising:receiving biomass feedstock;combining the biomass feedstock with a biocarbon colloidal dispersion into a blend; andpumping the blend through a length of first pipe having a first diameter surrounded by second pipe having a second diameter larger than the first diameter, the second pipe being supplied with a continuous flow of heat exchange fluid, the length of the first pipe having an input end for receiving the blend, and an output end for outputting a second blend of torrefied biomass and biocarbon colloidal dispersion generated within the length of the first pipe.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange fluid is molten salt.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising particulating the second blend to have a particle distribution in the range of 10 micron to 100 nanometers.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the particle distribution has an average particle size of 200 nanometers to 400 nanometers.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the torrefied biomass is friable.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock includes waste from a process that produces a combustible liquid from raw biomass.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the second blend produces a low moisture biocarbon claim 1 , a condensable gas and a liquid component.8. A system for carbonizing a biomass claim 1 , comprising:a pump adapted to receive a blended feedstock of noncarbonized biomass and bio fuel, the bio fuel lubricating the bio mass;a reactor configured to continuously receive the blended feedstock and to carbonize the uncarbonized biomass of the blended feedstock, the bio fuel of the blended feedstock also providing for enhanced transfer of heat to the uncarbonized biomass.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein heat is provided to the reactor using a recycling molten salt ...

Side Rectifier Column for Olefin and Diluent Recovery

Processes and systems for olefin and diluent recovery utilizing one or more side columns, including a side rectifier column and/or a side degassing column, in combination with a heavies column. 1. A process comprising:feeding isobutane, 1-hexene, and optionally one or more of hydrogen, nitrogen, ethane, and ethylene to a feed stage of a heavies column;receiving isobutane and 1-hexene from an intermediate stage of the heavies column into a side rectifier column, the intermediate stage being between the feed stage and a recycle hexene takeoff stage of the heavies column;recovering olefin-free isobutane from the side rectifier column;recycling a first portion of the olefin-free isobutane to the side rectifier column as reflux; andrecycling a second portion of the olefin-free isobutane to a polymerization process.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:recovering isobutane and ethylene in an overhead stream of the heavies column; andrecovering a heavies purge bottoms stream of the heavies column.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:feeding the overhead stream of the heavies column to a lights column;recovering ethylene in a bottoms stream of the lights column;recovering isobutane in the bottoms stream of the lights column; andrecycling isobutane of the bottoms stream of the lights column to the polymerization process.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the lights column has no side draw stream between the overhead stream and the bottoms stream.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein olefin-free isobutane is recovered only from the side rectifier column.6. The process of claim 3 , wherein the isobutane in the bottoms stream of the lights column is not olefin-free isobutane.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the side rectifier column is located internally of the heavies column and utilizes heat generated by a reboiler of the heavies column to recover the olefin-free isobutane.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the side rectifier column is located externally ...

Method For Processing Polymeric Waste

A method for the treatment of polymeric and/or organic waste using a heat-resistant process container provided with a valve and filled with prepared waste and which is closed in a gas-tight manner. The container is moved with the waste into a process furnace for thermal treatment. The waste is degassed therein via the valve during the thermal treatment, and immediately after degassing, the heated process container is moved from the process furnace into a cooling chamber in which the residual heat is removed from the process container and stored in a thermal storage. After cooling, the process container is removed from the cooling chamber and the contents of the process container are emptied into a separating device. 110.-. (canceled)11. A method for treatment of polymeric and/or organic waste , comprising:providing a heat-resistant process container having a valve;filling the heat-resistant process container with suitably prepared waste;closing the heat-resistant process container in a gas-tight manner;putting the heat-resistant process container with the waste into a process furnace for thermal treatment;degassing the waste via the valve during the thermal treatment;moving the heated heat-resistant process container from the process furnace into a cooling chamber in which residual heat is removed from the heat-resistant process container, immediately after degassing;storing the residual heat in a thermal storage;removing the heat-resistant process container from the cooling chamber after cooling; andemptying the heat-resistant process container into a separating device.12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the gas is removed during the thermal treatment via a conduit connected to the valve claim 11 , and the gas is cooled and intermediately stored in liquefied state in tanks for reuse.13. The method according to claim 11 , whereinthe cooling chamber is provided with a plurality of pipes to be constructed as a heat exchanger,the plurality of pipes forming ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR CONVERTING PLASTICS TO PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

A system and process for converting plastics and other heavy hydrocarbon solids into retail petroleum products are provided. The plastics are processed by melting, pyrolysis, vapourization, and selective condensation, whereby final in-spec petroleum products are produced. The system provides a reactor for subjecting the plastics to pyrolysis and cracking hydrocarbons in the plastics to produce a plastics vapour comprising hydrocarbon substituents; one or more separation vessels for separating the plastics vapour into hydrocarbon substitutents based on boiling points of the hydrocarbon substituents; one or more condensers for condensing the hydrocarbon substituents into one or more petroleum products; and means for collecting the one or more petroleum products. Fuels generated during the process can be recycled for use upstream in the process. 1. A process for processing plastics into one or more petroleum products , the process comprising:providing plastics to a pyro lysis reactor;subjecting the plastics to pyrolysis and cracking to produce a plastics vapour, plastics liquids and plastics solids comprising hydrocarbon substituents;separating the plastics vapour in a separation vessel to form a first liquid petroleum product from a gaseous petroleum product; andcondensing the gaseous petroleum product into a second liquid petroleum product.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising melting the plastics in a premelting reactor prior to pyrolysis.3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising refluxing the plastics liquids and plastics solids in the pyrolysis reactor for further pyrolysis and cracking.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising refluxing the plastics liquids and plastics solids in the pyrolysis reactor for further pyrolysis and cracking.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis of the plastics is at a temperature of 340 to 445° C. claim 1 , 350 to 425° C. claim 1 , or 400° C.6. The process of claim 2 , wherein the pyrolysis of the ...

Retort

A retort ( 10 ) for producing charcoal, and a method of use thereof, the retort ( 10 ) having an inner vessel ( 140 ), for receiving wood to be converted into charcoal, and an outer vessel ( 20 ) containing the inner vessel ( 140 ) and defining an intermediate region between the inner vessel ( 140 ) and the outer vessel ( 20 ). The intermediate region including a burning region configured for burning fuel to heat the inner vessel ( 140 ); a flue ( 60 ) from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to a region outside the outer vessel ( 20 ), for conveying gas from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to the atmosphere; a feed pipe ( 210 ) from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to the intermediate region, for conveying gas from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to the intermediate region, wherein the entire length of the feed pipe ( 210 ) is located within the outer vessel ( 20 ).

METHOD FOR TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS BY VAPOR THERMOLYSIS

The present invention relates to a method for treating carbonaceous materials by steam thermolysis, comprising: 1. A method for treating carbonaceous materials by steam thermolysis , comprising:shredding carbonaceous waste materials,introducing the shredded carbonaceous waste materials into a reactor heated by combustion gases, gases laden with steam being introduced into the reactor, so as to heat said shredded carbonaceous waste materials to a temperature between 200 and 700° C. during a steam thermolysis reaction,cooling the combustion gases to a temperature between 200 and 450° C. and discharging said gases,discharging from the reactor the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis, followed by condensation of said products,separating the condensate obtained by said condensation into water containing residual hydrocarbons and into oil;wherein the water from the condensate is used as a source of heat energy for the reactor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combustion gases used to heat the reactor come from combustion of a fuel and/or combustion of the uncondensed gases obtained after condensation of the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the uncondensed gases obtained after condensation of the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis are heat-treated in order to heat the reactor independently of the combustion of water coming from the condensate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said shredded carbonaceous waste materials are brought to a temperature between 400 and 600° C. inside the reactor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oil from the condensate is evaporated in a first fraction with a boiling point less than or equal to 200° C. claim 1 , called the light fraction claim 1 , and a second fraction with a boiling point greater than 200° C. claim 1 , called the heavy fraction.6. The method according to claim 5 , ...

CIRCULAR CHEMICALS OR POLYMERS FROM PYROLYZED PLASTIC WASTE AND THE USE OF MASS BALANCE ACCOUNTING TO ALLOW FOR CREDITING THE RESULTANT PRODUCTS AS CIRCULAR

This disclosure relates to the production of chemicals and plastics using pyrolysis oil from the pyrolysis of plastic waste as a co-feedstock along with a petroleum-based or fossil fuel co-feed, or as a feedstock in the absence of a petroleum-based or fossil fuel co-feed. A mass balance accounting approach is employed to attribute the pounds of pyrolyzed plastic products derived from pyrolysis oil to any output stream of a given unit, which permits assigning circular product credit to product streams. In an aspect, the polymers and chemicals produced according to this disclosure can be certified under International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) provisions as circular polymers and chemicals at any point along complex chemical reaction pathways. 1. A process for producing chemicals or polymers from plastic waste , the process comprising:(a) providing a pyrolysis oil from plastic waste;(b) introducing the pyrolysis oil at a known feed rate into one or more primary processing units thereby providing one or more primary processing unit feeds comprising the pyrolysis oil; and(c) converting the one or more primary processing unit feeds into one or more primary processing unit output streams, each output stream comprising at least one circular product, wherein the weight or the fraction of each circular product attributable to the pyrolysis oil or plastic waste is determined by mass balance.2. The process for producing chemicals or polymers from plastic waste according to claim 1 , wherein a petroleum-based or a fossil fuel-based feed is not co-fed with the pyrolysis oil into the primary processing unit.3. The process for producing chemicals or polymers from plastic waste according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises:(d) transferring at least a portion of one, or at least a portion of more than one, of the primary processing unit output streams, each at a known feed rate, into one or more secondary or subsequent processing units, thereby ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RECYCLED MATERIAL, AND TIRE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TIRE

There is provided a method for producing a recycled material, whereby a recycled material can be efficiently obtained from a tire. The method for producing a recycled material according to the present invention includes a step of subjecting a tire to a gasification treatment to generate a gas containing a C1 gas from the tire, and a step of obtaining a recycled material containing at least one species selected from the group consisting of isoprene, butadiene, a butanediol compound, a butanol compound, a butenal compound, succinic acid, and polymers of these compounds by using the gas containing the C1 gas. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for producing a tire , the method comprising: a step of subjecting a tire to a gasification treatment to generate a gas comprising a C1 gas from the tire , a step of obtaining a recycled tire material comprising at least one species selected from the group consisting of isoprene , butadiene , and polymers of these compounds by using the gas comprising the C1 gas , and a step of obtaining a tire by using the recycled tire material.13. The method for producing a tire according to claim 12 , wherein the tire to be used for the gasification treatment is a waste tire.14. The method for producing a tire according to claim 12 , wherein the gas comprising the C1 gas comprises COgas and hydrogen gas and x in the COgas is 1≤x≤2.151. The method for producing a tire according to claim 13 , wherein the gas comprising the C gas comprises COgas and hydrogen gas and x in the COgas is 1≤x≤2.16. The method for producing a tire according to claim 12 , wherein the step of obtaining a recycled tire material is a step of synthesizing isoprene by growing a microbial catalyst prepared by introducing a nucleic acid capable of coding isoprene synthase into a Clostridium microorganism in the presence of the resulting gas containing the C1 gas and hydrogen gas to obtain a recycled tire material comprising at least one species selected from the group consisting of ...

SOLID WASTE PROCESSING WITH PYROLYSIS OF CELLULOSIC WASTE

Waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSF), is separated into a wet fraction and refuse derived fuel (RDF). For example, the waste may be separated in a press. The wet fraction is treated in an anaerobic digester. The RDF is further separated into a cellulosic fraction and a non-cellulosic fraction. The cellulosic fraction is treated by pyrolysis and produces a pyrolysis liquid. The pyrolysis liquid is added to the anaerobic digester. 1. A process comprising steps of ,separating waste to produce rejects and a wet fraction;separating the rejects into cellulosic rejects and non-cellulosic rejects; and,pyrolysing the cellulosic rejects.2. The process of further comprising treating the wet fraction in an anaerobic digester.3. The process of wherein pyrolysing the cellulosic rejects produces a liquid pyrolysis product claim 1 , and further comprising treating the liquid pyrolysis product in an anaerobic digester.4. The process of comprising treating sludge from the anaerobic digester by pyrolysis.5. The process of wherein the pyrolysis is conducted at a temperature ranging from 270 to 450 degrees C.6. The process of wherein the pyrolysis is conducted at a residence time of 5 to 30 minutes.7. The process of wherein the step of separating waste comprises screening.8. The process of wherein the step of separating waste comprises pressing waste.9. The process of wherein the waste comprises municipal solid waste.10. The process of further comprising treating the wet fraction in the anaerobic digester.11. A process for treating solid waste comprising steps of claim 1 ,separating the waste to produce rejects and a wet fraction;separating cellulosic rejects from the rejects; and,treating at least a portion of cellulosic rejects by anaerobic digestion.12. The process of further comprising co-digesting the wet fraction with the at least a portion of cellulosic rejects.13. The process of wherein the step of separating the waste comprises pressing the waste;14. The process of ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CLARIFICATION OF PYROLYSIS OILS

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for processing to improve the properties of pyrolysis oil and, as a result, the commercial value of the same. The net result is creation of an oil with a much lighter color in lieu of the black color, reducing or elimination the undesired sulfury/amine aroma and reducing the amount of PAH which is believed to be a carcinogen. 1. A method of processing pyrolysis oil comprisingadjusting the polarity of said oil with a nonpolar solvent,binding insoluble components to clay,eluting the clean oil in the nonpolar solvent, andseparating the nonpolar solvent from the oil employing a method selected from the group consisting of a distillation column and a wiped film evaporator.2. The method of includingeffecting said separation of said solvent from said oil by a distillation column.3. The method of includingeffecting said separation of a said solvent from said oil by a wiped film evaporator.4. The method of includingemploying an alkane as said nonpolar solvent.5. The method of includingemploying an alkane selected from the group consisting of alkanes having 4 to 10 carbons.6. The method of includingemploying an alkane selected from the group consisting of alkanes having 5 to 7 carbons.7. The method of includingemploying a mixture of two or more alkanes selected from the group consisting of alkanes having 4 to 10 carbons.8. The method of includingemploying hexane as said nonpolar solvent.9. The method of includingmixing said oil and alkane to adjust polarity.10. The method of includingmixing said oil and alkane preferably in a ratio of oil to alkane to about 1:4 to 1:15.11. The method of includingmixing said oil and alkane in a ratio of oil to alkane to about 1:6 to 1:10.12. The method of includingafter mixing said oil and alkane, allow the mixture to sit for at least 2 hours to allow precipitation.13. The method of includingheating said mixture of oil and alkane to volitalize said alkane.14. The method of ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PYROLYZING COAL WITH WIDE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

A carbonization apparatus for coal with wide particle size distribution, a carbonization apparatus unit, and a carbonization method based on the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a char discharge outlet (), a combustion heating chamber (), a coal feeding inlet (), and a pyrolysis gas exhausting pipe (). Wherein, two partition plates between which a pyrolysis gas channel () is formed are further provided in the carbonization apparatus, and orifices are provided on the partition plates to form a gas flow path from the fuel bed to the pyrolysis gas channel (). Further, another internal having good heat transfer performance and made of a material resistant to high temperature, is provided in this coal carbonization apparatus to enhance the heat transfer from the heated wall of the apparatus to the fuel bed inside the apparatus. With the pyrolysis gas channel in the carbonization reaction apparatus, the gaseous products generated from coal pyrolysis are enabled to flow out timely. Through providing the internals, it greatly improves the effects of heat and mass transfer and reduces the secondary reactions to increase the tar yield and quality. 1135422. A carbonization apparatus for coal with wide particle size distribution , comprising: a char discharge outlet () , a combustion heating chamber () , a coal feeding inlet () , and a pyrolysis gas exhausting pipe () , characterized in that two partition plates between which a pyrolysis gas channel () is formed are further provided in the said carbonization apparatus , and orifices are provided on the partition plates to form a gas flow path from the fuel bed to the pyrolysis gas channel ().291011. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said partition plate is a kind of plate () with sieved orifices claim 1 , or a window blind structure formed by arranging many solid plates () in parallel with intervals claim 1 , or is formed by arranging many tubular objects () in parallel with ...

Processes and Systems for Recovery of Solvents and Target Botanical Compounds

Processes and systems for the recovery of solvents from a feedstock are provided, as well as processes and systems for the recovery of target botanical compounds. The processes and systems include a heated mixing device, in which a feedstock can be simultaneously mixed and heated to vaporize and release a solvent or botanical compound from the feedstock. The vaporized solvent or botanical compound can be condensed and collected as recovered solvent or a recovered botanical compound, 1. A process of recovering a solvent from a feedstock , comprising:(i) feeding the feedstock into a heated mixing device, wherein the feedstock includes the solvent for recovery;(ii) simultaneously mixing and heating the feedstock within the heated mixing device;(iii) forming a vaporized solvent within the heated mixing device;(iv) passively or actively passing the vaporized solvent from the heated mixing device into a condenser;(v) condensing the vaporized solvent in the condenser to form a recovered solvent.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises a biomass material.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the biomass material comprises hemp-biomass.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein heating the feedstock within the heated mixing device comprises indirectly heating the feedstock.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heated mixing device comprises a jacketed ribbon blender claim 1 , wherein a heating medium is circulated through a jacket of the jacketed ribbon blender.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the heating medium comprises a heated oil or steam.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock has an original solvent content and the method removes from about 95% to about 100% of the solvent content.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein heating the feedstock within the heated mixing device comprises heating the feedstock to about 200 to about 250° C. at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum for about 1 to about 15 hours.9. A botanical evaporation process for ...

INTEGRATED COLLECTION OF INFECTIOUS WASTE AND DISPOSAL THEREOF

A system for treating infectious medical waste is provided that includes a collection infrastructure, handling, and a shredding sub-system for feeding partially processed waste to an oxidizer to eliminate potential airborne infectious waste prior to transforming the medical waste into useful co-products. Waste generators of potentially infectious medical waste include, but is not limited to hospitals, medical offices, dental offices, clinics, laboratories, research facilities, veterinarian offices, and emergency medical service providers. The medical waste is collected from the waste generators, transported to a processing site in sealed containers, and transformed into value-added products including hydrocarbon based gases, hydrocarbon-based liquids, and carbonized material in a system proceeded by a negative pressure region and having as a transformative element an anaerobic carbonizer. 1. A system for treating infectious waste , the system comprising:an unloading subsystem configured to remove one or more containers of infectious waste from a delivery transport;a sealed enclosure;a shredder within said sealed enclosure;a belt conveyor from said unloading subsystem to said sealed enclosure to supply said waste, where said belt conveyor runs from the exterior of said sealed enclosure to said shredder;an oxidizer in fluid communication with said sealed enclosure adapted to sterilize airborne infectious matter from said sealed enclosure; anda feed conveyor for transfer of shredded material from said shredder to a carbonizer.2. The system of further comprising a cart supporting said one or more containers.3. The system of wherein said unloading subsystem is configured to remove said cart holding said one or more containers of infectious waste from a delivery transport claim 2 , where said cart further comprises:a support frame with a set of wheels mounted to a bottom surface of a floor shelf;one or more middle shelves above said floor shelf; anda top shelf, a spacing ...

METHOD FOR THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF PLASTIC WASTE AND/OR BIOMASS AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESS MANAGEMENT

There is presented a method for thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass, characterized by that fact the plastic waste and/or biomass are subjected to a temperature in a reactor in the presence of loose three-dimensional elements of a developed surface area, resistant to the process heat. The invention also involves an installation to carry out the process. 1. Method for thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass , characterized by the fact that the plastic waste and/or biomass are subjected to a temperature in a reactor in the presence of loose three-dimensional elements of a developed surface area , resistant to the process heat.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that in a reactor in which the process of thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass occurs claim 1 , there is a temperature gradient within the range from 450 to 550° C. in the vertical axis of the reactor claim 1 , preferably 500° C. at the base and decreasing gradually to a temperature within the range from 320 to 400° C. claim 1 , preferably 360° C. at the top of the reactor.4. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that three-dimensional elements are fed into the reactor all at once or continuously or in portions.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that plastic waste and/or biomass are fed into the reactor continuously or in portions.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that three-dimensional elements are supplied to the reactor before it is fed with plastics waste and/or biomass claim 1 , or a mixture of three-dimensional elements and plastic waste and/or biomass is provided to the reactor.7. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that three-dimensional elements are made of metal or are ceramic.8. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that contaminated three-dimensional elements are removed from the reactor continuously or in portions.9. ...

GASIFIER WITH CONTROLLED BIOCHAR REMOVAL MECHANISM

A biochar and electric power generator that receives carbonaceous material and outputs variable amounts of electrical energy and char, including a pyrolysis module, a reaction module, and a char removal mechanism arranged between the pyrolysis module and the reaction module, an engine module including an engine and an alternator, configured to convert gaseous fuel produced by the reaction module into electric power and to provide waste heat to the pyrolysis module, and a flare configured to burn tar gas and to provide waste heat to the pyrolysis module. 1. A gasifier , comprising:a pyrolysis module;a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the pyrolysis module and fluidly connected to an external heat source;a reaction module coaxially aligned with the pyrolysis module along a gravity vector; a collection mode, wherein the char removal mechanism is active and collects char from a pyrolysis module interior; and', 'a standby mode, wherein the char removal mechanism is static., 'a char removal mechanism arranged between the reaction module and the pyrolysis module, the char removal mechanism operable between2. The gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising an engine module comprising an engine and an alternator that converts fuel received from the reaction module into electrical power claim 1 , the engine module comprising an engine exhaust fluidly connected to the heat exchanger claim 1 , wherein external heat source comprises the engine exhaust.3. The gasifier of claim 2 , further comprising a flare configured to combust tar gas claim 2 , the flare comprising a flare input and a flare output claim 2 , the flare input fluidly connected to the pyrolysis module and the flare output fluidly connected to the heat exchanger claim 2 , wherein the external heat source comprises the flare output.4. The gasifier of claim 3 , further comprising a controller that controls gasifier operation between:a full char extraction mode, wherein the char removal mechanism is in the collection ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERING CARBON FIBERS FROM COMPOSITE WASTE

A method for recovering carbon fibers from composite waste includes coating a water-soluble catalyst powder on a surface of composite waste having carbon fibers and a resin matrix and pyrolyzing the resin matrix of the coated composite waste. 1. A method for recovering carbon fibers from composite waste , the method comprising:coating a water-soluble catalyst powder on a surface of composite waste having carbon fibers and a resin matrix; andpyrolyzing the resin matrix of the coated composite waste.2. The method of wherein the step of coating includes spraying the water-soluble catalyst powder on the surface of the composite waste with an amount of 0.1-0.5 g/cm.3. The method of wherein the step of pyrolizing includes putting the coated composite waste into a pyrolysis device.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolizing includes heating to 250 to 450° C. for 10 to 30 minutes.5. The method of further comprising stopping the heating and naturally cooling to room temperature.6. The method of wherein the catalyst is a solid powder at room temperature claim 1 , has a melting point between 250° C. and 400° C. claim 1 , and has stable chemical properties.7. The method of wherein the catalyst includes a main catalyst and sodium bicarbonate.8. The method of wherein the main catalyst includes zinc chloride claim 7 , sodium tetrachloroaluminate claim 7 , zinc sulfate claim 7 , or a mixture thereof.9. The method of wherein the resin matrix includes a thermosetting resin.10. The method of wherein the thermosetting resin includes at least one of epoxy resin claim 9 , unsaturated polyester claim 9 , and phenolic resin.11. The method of wherein the resin matrix includes a thermoplastic resin.12. The method of wherein the thermoplastic resin includes at least one of polyolefin claim 11 , nylon claim 11 , and polyester.13. The method of wherein the carbon fibers include at least one of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers and asphalt-based carbon fibers.14. The method of wherein a ...

CRACKING C8+ FRACTION OF PYOIL

A hydrocarbon cracker stream is combined with recycle content pyrolysis oil to form a combined cracker stream and the combined cracker stream is cracked in a cracker furnace to provide an olefin-containing effluent. The r-pyoil can be fed to the cracker feed. Alternatively, the r-pyoil with a predominantly c8+ fraction can be fed to the cracker feed. The furnace can be a gas fed furnace, or split cracker furnace. 1. A cracker feedstock composition comprising:(a) a non-recycle cracker feed; and(b) a recycle content pyrolysis oil composition (r-pyoil),{'sub': '8', 'wherein the r-pyoil comprises at least 35 weight percent of C+ components and no more than 30 weight percent of total aromatics, based on the total weight of the r-pyoil.'}2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-recycle cracker feed comprises at least 50 weight percent of Cto Chydrocarbons claim 1 , based on the total weight of the feed.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-recycle cracker feed comprises ethane claim 1 , propane claim 1 , natural gasoline claim 1 , or combinations thereof.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the r-pyoil is obtained from pyrolysis of waste plastic.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the waste plastic comprises high-density polyethylene or copolymers thereof claim 4 , low-density polyethylene or copolymers thereof claim 4 , polypropylene or copolymers thereof claim 4 , other polyolefin claim 4 , polystyrene claim 4 , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) claim 4 , polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) claim 4 , polyester or copolyester claim 4 , polyamide claim 4 , poly(methyl methacrylate) claim 4 , polytetrafluoroethylene claim 4 , acrylo-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer claim 4 , polyurethane claim 4 , cellulosic or derivatives thereof claim 4 , epoxy claim 4 , polyamide claim 4 , phenolic resin claim 4 , polyacetal claim 4 , polycarbonate claim 4 , polyphenylene-based alloy claim 4 , vinyl-based polymer claim 4 , styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer claim 4 , ...

CARBONIZED MATERIAL PRODUCTION KILN

To enable a carbonized material production kiln to be maintained in a simple manner when an exposed surface on a side wall of the kiln is cracked, to prevent the kiln from easily cracking by heat to thereby prolong the life of the kiln itself, and to increase heat retention efficiency to thereby increase carbonization efficiency even during periods of cold temperatures such as the winter season. The carbonized material production kiln is formed by stacking cubic concrete blocks each having no reinforcing iron so that recombination of up to six faces of each cubic concrete block becomes possible, wherein a heat storage/retention member such as stones is filled in an exhaust space formed between a kiln floor iron plate and a kiln bottom so as to store heat, thereby preventing a decrease in carbonization efficiency even at cold temperatures. 1. A carbonized material production kiln including an open ceiling surface , side walls at four faces being in a quadrangular shape , an exhaust space which is formed between an iron plate with a vent hole opened that is laid as a kiln floor in a state of being enclosed by the side walls and a kiln bottom surface and through which exhaust gas discharged as a result of carbonization of a raw material for carbonization , a combustion device being made to communicate with the discharge space and for combusting exhaust gas , and a stage which is continuous to at least one side wall of the side walls and on which a traveling work machine can travel at the same height as that of an upper surface of the side wall , wherein for repeatedly performing making a moisture percentage of a raw material for carbonization to be loaded into the production kiln be that in an unseasoned wood state to cause a film of steam generated with accelerated carbonization of the raw material for carbonization to shut off outside air , pressing an upper surface of the raw material for carbonization loaded in the production kiln into a state of an outside air ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A LUBRICANT BASE STOCK COMPRISING THE SELECTIVE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF PLASTIC POLYOLEFIN POLYMER

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a lubricant base stock from the thermal decomposition of plastic polymer. The present invention provides a process for preparing a lubricant base stock from the thermal decomposition of plastic polyolefin polymer, the method comprising the steps of: 152-. (canceled)53. A process for preparing a lubricant base stock from the thermal decomposition of plastic polyolefin polymer , the method comprising the steps of:i) introducing plastic polyolefin polymer into a thermal reaction zone of a vacuum pyrolysis reactor;{'sub': 20', '60, 'ii) heating the plastic polyolefin polymer at sub-atmospheric pressure, wherein the temperature in the thermal reaction zone of the reactor is from 500° C. to 750° C., to induce thermal decomposition of the plastic polyolefin polymer and to form a thermal decomposition product effluent which comprises a major portion by weight of a Cto Cwax fraction;'}iii) condensing a vapor component of the thermal decomposition product effluent from the vacuum pyrolysis reactor; and{'sub': 20', '60, 'iv) subjecting the Cto Cwax fraction of the thermal decomposition product to catalytic hydroisomerization in a hydroisomerization reactor in the presence of hydrogen to form the lubricant base stock,'}wherein the plastic polyolefin polymer comprises polyethylene and polypropylene in a polyethylene to polypropylene weight ratio of from 60:40 to 90:10.54. A process according to claim 53 , wherein the plastic polyolefin polymer is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor by means of an extruder.55. A process according to claim 53 , wherein at least one member of a group consisting of: the temperature in the thermal reaction zone of the reactor is from 525 to 650° C. claim 53 , and the pressure in the thermal reaction zone of the vacuum pyrolysis reactor is less than 75 kPa absolute.56. A process according to wherein at least one member of a group consisting of:the plastic polyolefin polymer comprises ...

MOVING PYROLYZING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR APPLYING THE APPARATUS

The invention relates to a moving pyrolyzing apparatus and a method thereof. The apparatus comprises a pyrolyzing chamber, heat source beds which located inside the chamber and moving means cooperating with the beds. The beds include at least the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface corresponding to the moving means. The temperature of the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface is suitable for pyrolytic reaction. The process of pyrolytic reaction includes the pyrolyzing process of the raw materials on the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface, the transfer process from the first reaction surface to the second reaction surface. Thereby the distance of travel of raw materials is extended under a certain size and internal space of the pyrolyzing apparatus. 1. A moving pyrolyzing apparatus , comprising:a pyrolyzing chamber, including an inlet for receiving raw materials to be pyrolyzed and an outlet for discharging the products of pyrolysis;moving means for conveying the raw materials from the inlet to the outlet, which located inside of the chamber; andheat source beds including at least the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface with the temperature required for pyrolysis corresponding to the moving means, the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface being disposed separately, and the moving means conveying the raw materials on the first reaction surface and transferring the raw materials from the first reaction surface to the second reaction surface to convey the raw materials on the second reaction surface.2. The moving pyrolyzing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heat source beds comprise the first heat source bed and the second heat source bed claim 1 , which are detached with each other claim 1 , the first reaction surface is disposed at the first heat source bed and the second reaction surface is disposed at the second heat source bed.3. The moving pyrolyzing apparatus of claim 2 , ...

MULTISTAGE THERMOLYSIS METHOD FOR SAFE AND EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF CARPET/RUG, POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND OTHER WASTE SOURCES

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various carpet, rug, polymeric materials and other waste sources, such as solid waste, tires, manure, auto shredder residue, glass and carbon fiber composite materials, municipal solid wastes, medical wastes, waste wood and the like into a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes the carpet, rug, polymeric material to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, such as post-consumer carpet remnants and waste, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source. Additional waste sources, such as solid waste, tires, manure, auto shredder residue, glass and carbon fiber composite materials, municipal solid wastes, medical wastes, waste wood and the like, are suitable for the processing of the invention disclosed. 1: A method for converting a carpet , rug and/or plastic waste source to a Clean Fuel Gas source and Char source comprising: 'wherein the thermolysis system comprises at least two reactors and an oil/tar cracker;', 'inputting a waste source into a thermolysis system;'}optionally injecting steam into the thermolysis system to increase moisture content of the waste source or drying the waste source to decrease the moisture content of the waste source in the thermolysis system;wherein the waste source comprises carpet, rug, plastic, tire, manure, auto shredder residue, glass and carbon fiber composite material, municipal solid waste, medical waste, waste wood, or a combination thereof;undergoing a depolymerization and a cracking reaction of hydrocarbons in the waste source in the thermolysis system;destroying and/or removing toxic compounds present in the waste source; andgenerating the Clean Fuel Gas and Char source,wherein the Clean Fuel Gas source is used to power the system or another application;wherein the Char ...

METHOD OF FUEL FOR ENERGETICS PRODUCTION AND FUEL PRODUCING DEVICE

Pressure vessels containing a charge are preheated at pressure of 2 to 5 kPa with liquid heat carrier to maximally 120° C. They are afterheated in another place to maximally 550° C. The pressure vessels are continually added and/or replaced and generated gasses are continuously drawn off, cooled to maximally 60° C. and separated oily condensate. Residual gasses and solid residues are burned after treatment in a cogeneration unit.

Process and device for burn-off of precious metal-containing materials

Process for removing inorganically- and/or organically-bound carbon from a precious metal-containing composition inside an oven chamber comprising at least one direct burner and at least one exhaust gas conduit, characterised by the sequence of steps of: a) providing a precious metal-containing composition comprising fractions of inorganically- and/or organically-bound carbon inside the oven chamber; b) closing the oven chamber; c) heating the content of the oven chamber by means of at least one direct burner in order to establish a temperature T1 in the range of 450° C. to 1,000° C. and maintaining temperature T1 for 5 min-48 h; whereby, once the oven chamber is closed, any gas exchange between the oven chamber and the surroundings can take place only via the at least one direct burner and the at least one exhaust gas conduit.

Churning and Stoking Ram

A churning and stoking ram for a furnace is disclosed. The churning and stoking ram includes a frame disposed externally of the furnace, where the stoking ram is mounted on the frame. The stoking ram is positionable relative to the furnace between an external position and an internal position, and is rotatable about a central longitudinal axis of the stoking ram. The stoking ram further includes a churning device positionable relative to the stoking ram between a retracted position and an extended position, a first actuator mounted on the frame to position the stoking ram between the external and internal positions, a second actuator to position the churning device between the retracted and extended positions, and a third actuator to rotate the stoking ram and the churning device associated therewith. 1. A churning and stoking ram for a furnace comprising:a frame disposed externally of the furnace;a stoking ram mounted on the frame in an arrangement to enable the stoking ram to be positionable relative to the furnace between an external position and an internal position and to be rotatable about a central longitudinal axis of the stoking ram;a first actuator mounted on the frame in operative communication with the stoking ram in an arrangement to position the stoking ram between the external and internal positions;a churning device associated with the stoking ram and positionable relative to the stoking ram between a retracted position and an extended position;a second actuator in operative communication with the churning device in an arrangement to position the churning device between the retracted and extended positions; anda third actuator in operative communication with the stoking ram in an arrangement to rotate the stoking ram and the churning device associated therewith.2. The churning and stoking ram according to claim 1 , wherein the churning device and the second actuator are housed in an internal void of the stoking ram.3. The churning and stoking ram ...

METHOD AND PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF A FUEL GAS FROM WASTE

A method and plant for thermal treatment and chemical transformation of waste comprising natural and synthetic carbonaceous materials for generation of a fuel gas for further use is described. Pyrolysis gas and solid waste from a thermolysis and pyrolysis reactor (), is further processed to produce a fuel gas having a substantially stable WOBBE index. 1. A method for thermal treatment and chemical transformation of waste comprising natural and synthetic carbonaceous materials for generation of a fuel gas for further use , the method comprising the following steps:a. adjusting the humidity of the carbonaceous materials to a predetermined level by drying or introduction of water or steam into the carbonaceous material,b. introduction of the humidified carbonaceous material into thermolysis and pyrolysis reactor(s), in which the materials are thermally treated to produce a raw pyrolysis and thermolysis gas and a carbonaceous solid rest,{'sub': '2', 'c. introduction of the carbonaceous solid rest from step b) and steam into a conversion unit to cause partial gasification of solid carbonaceous material therein to produce a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, CO and COthat is withdrawn and introduced into a second scrubbing section and a solid rest that is withdrawn for further treatment or disposal,'}{'sub': '2', 'd. introducing the raw thermolysis and pyrolysis gas from step b) into a first gas cleaning unit where the gas is separated into a first light oil fraction having a boiling range from 170 to 350° C. at atmospheric pressure, and a scrubbed raw gas fraction mainly comprising H, CO, COand hydrocarbons having a boiling range below 170° C.,'}e. introducing the scrubbed raw gas fraction into a first gas separation unit where the raw gas is separated into a hydrogen enriched gas fraction and a and a low hydrogen fraction,f. introduction of the low hydrogen fraction into the conversion unit to be converted together with the solids therein,g. introducing the hydrogen ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING BLAST FURNACE BLOW-IN COAL

Provided is a method for preparing blast furnace blow-in coal that can, at a low cost, obtain blast furnace blow-in coal that suppresses occlusion by blast furnace blow-in ash or accretion of blast furnace blow-in ash in a pathway leading to a tuyere of a blast furnace main body, while suppressing a decrease in the amount of heat release. The method includes selecting first and second coal types satisfying conditions (S, S), on the basis of the CaO content in the ash when the oxides of Al, Si, Ca, and Mg in the ash is 100 wt % and the AlOcontent in the ash is 20 wt %, deriving the mixing ratio of the first and second coal types that results in the CaO content in the ash of the mixed coal being at least 40 wt % (S), and mixing the first and second coal types (S) at the mixing ratio. 1. A method for preparing blast furnace blow-in coal blown from a tuyere into an interior of a blast furnace main body of a blast furnace installation , the method comprising:a first step of analyzing a moisture content of run-of-mine coal, ash of the coal, and weight percentages of Al, Si, Ca and Mg in the ash;{'sub': 2', '3, 'a second step of selecting, based on data obtained by analysis, a first coal type, of which the moisture content of the run-of-mine coal is greater than or equal to 15% by weight, and, when a total of Al, Si, Ca and Mg oxides in the ash is taken as 100% by weight, an AlOcontent is 20% by weight ±5% by weight, a CaO content is greater than or equal to 20% by weight and less than or equal to 40% by weight, and an MgO content is less than or equal to 10% by weight;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'a third step of selecting, based on data obtained by analysis, a second coal type, of which, when the total of Al, Si, Ca and Mg oxides in the ash is taken as 100% by weight, the AlOcontent is 20% by weight ±5% by weight, the CaO content is greater than or equal to 40% by weight, and the MgO content is less than or equal to 10% by weight;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'a fourth step of ...

RESOURCE RECOVERY/RECYCLING FACILITY USING SUPERHEATED STEAM

One of Japan's current environmental problems is the fact that approximately 70% of the world's incinerators for waste disposal are Japanese incinerators. Although problems such as PPM are now being addressed, discharge at the particulate level into the atmosphere still occurs. In addition, harmful substances including residual chlorine remain in residual ash, and there is a limit to the disposal of waste soil by burying. Furthermore, the costs for maintaining the energy required for incineration are enormous. The present invention is capable of solving all of the aforementioned problems, as well as reducing said maintenance costs, and effectively using unwanted substances currently considered waste by recovering, recycling, and regenerating the same. 1. A superheated steam resource recovery/recycling facility for recycling resource waste in decomposition/separation/regeneration routes , the facility comprising: a decomposition route , wherein the resource waste is housed in a heat-resistant container , an injection pipe is inserted into a steam injection port provided in the container (while a stirring rod built in the container is rotated) , the temperature therein is increased to a boiling point of 100° C. using steam , heating is further carried out to 100° C. to 400° C. using a second injection pipe to increase the temperature inside the container , the steam of vaporized gas and an extract (emulsified mixture of water/oil) which is generated at the heating stage is removed from an exhaust pipe and further heated to 400° C. to 700° C. to increase the temperature inside the container , after which ultrasonic vibration mist is injected to decrease the temperature inside the container to 50° C.; a separation route , wherein a discharging hatch at the bottom of the container is opened to move the resources of recovery waste to a separation route container; and a regeneration route for recycling the resources.2. The superheated steam resource recovery/recycling ...

SOFT CARBON AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A method for making a soft carbon includes providing a coke, and subjecting the coke to a carbonization process. The carbonization process includes a preliminary calcination treatment conducted by calcining the coke at a first temperature ranging from 800° C. to 1000° C. to obtain a pre-calcinated coke, followed by a main calcination treatment conducted by calcining the pre-calcinated coke at a second temperature ranging from 1000° C. to 1200° C., and/or a surface-modifying calcination treatment conducted by calcining the pre-calcinated coke in the presence of a carbonaceous material for modifying surfaces thereof at a third temperature ranging from 1000° C. to 1200° C. A soft carbon made by the method is also disclosed. 1. A method for making a soft carbon , comprising the steps of:a) providing a coke; andb) subjecting the coke to a carbonization process to obtain the soft carbon, the carbonization process including a preliminary calcination treatment, followed by one of a main calcination treatment, a surface-modifying calcination treatment, and the combination thereof, whereinthe preliminary calcination treatment is conducted by calcining the coke at a first temperature within a range of 800° C. to 1000° C. to obtain a pre-calcinated coke;the main calcination treatment is conducted by calcining the pre-calcinated coke at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature and within a range of 1000° C. to 1200° C.; andthe surface-modifying calcination treatment is conducted by calcining the pre-calcinated coke in the presence of a carbonaceous material for modifying surfaces of the pre-calcinated coke at a third temperature that is higher than the first temperature and within a range of 1000° C. to 1200° C.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step a) claim 1 , the coke has a mesophase domain size ranging from 1 μm to 200 μm.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the mesophase domain size of the coke ranges from 1 μm to 30 μm.4. The ...

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF INCREASED VOLUMES OF PURE TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS FROM SCRAP POLYMERS AND ELASTOMERS

A device and process for the vacuum pyrolization of scrap tires to produce a pyrolytic oil from which valuable terpenes such as limonene and pulegone may be extracted and purified. 1. A device for the pyrolysis of tires to from pyrolytic oils containing limonene and pulegone comprising;a nitrogen blanket bin for accepting shredded, washed, and dried automobile tires;at least one vacuum-lock valve;a helical screw which slowly turns to generate a mixture of shredded automobile tires and an additive/catalyst that can flow from the nitrogen blanket bin;at least one heater for heating the mixture from ambient temperature to about 450 degrees Celsius;a release valve for controlling the release of at least one of either a material and a vapor from the nitrogen blanket vacuum sealed furnace and into a contactor/separator for recovery of at least one of either a type of terpene or a type of terpenoid from a mixture that has at least one of either the material or the vapor, wherein the contactor/separator can generate a pyrolytic vapor from the at least one of either the material or the vapor after a set of solids is removed from the mixture, and wherein the contactor/separator includes a chiller assembly for reducing the temperature of the pyrolytic vapor, a first heatable distillation column for reheating and cooling the mixture, a second heatable distillation column which separates types of terpenes and the types of terpenoids that have been extracted from the mixture wherein a small orifice is operatively disposed between the first heatable distillation column and the second heatable distillation column; anda piping system for transporting the liquid and vapor products that are one of either produced, transferred, recovered, or purified by the device for the pyrolysis of tires to form pyrolytic oils containing limonene and pulegone.2. A device for the pyrolysis of tires to form pyrolytic oils containing limonene and pulegone comprising;a nitrogen blanket vacuum sealed ...

THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESS FOR RECOVERING FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTICS WASTE MATTER

The invention relates to a pyrolysis process carried out in the presence of a controlled carbon dioxide environment that allows recovering both the organic portion and the inorganic portion (glass fibers) of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic waste, at an organic yield recovered even higher than 95% by weight and with a suitable for manufacturing new articles, in particular fiberglass-reinforced plastic articles, which provides a profitable to the disposal in dump areas. In particular, the recovered organic products can be mixed as such, at a percentage as high as 20% and more, with a fresh unsaturated polyester resins that is normally used to manufacture common fiberglass-reinforced plastic articles, without worsening its features with respect to articles made starting from fresh resin alone. The glass fibers, which are fully recovered in a combustion treatment after the pyrolysis, are reused fully replacing the corresponding virgin glass fibers, since they are unbroken and perfectly clean in a final step of the process. 1. A process for treating a fiberglass-reinforced plastic waste comprising:a matrix of an unsaturated polyester resin;reinforcement glass fibers incorporated in said matrix, said process comprising the steps of:{'b': 105', '5, 'prearranging () a reactor () comprising a pyrolysis chamber;'}{'b': 110', '21', '52, 'feeding () said fiberglass-reinforced plastic waste () into said pyrolysis chamber ();'}{'b': 120', '52, 'sub': 'R', 'removing () oxygen from said pyrolysis chamber () down to a predetermined residual oxygen concentration (C);'}{'b': 125', '52, 'sub': 2', '2, 'creating () a CO-containing environment in said pyrolysis chamber (), at a 30% minimum COvolume concentration;'}{'b': 130', '21', '52', '131, 'sub': 'P', 'heating () said fiberglass-reinforced plastic waste () in said pyrolysis chamber () and reaching () a pyrolysis temperature (T) set between 350° C. and 550° C.;'}{'b': 120', '131, 'sub': P', 'R', 'P, 'wherein said step of removing () ...

DISCHARGING APPARATUS AND PYROLYSIS PROCESSING SYSTEM WITH THE DISCHARGING APPARATUS

The present invention provides a discharging apparatus and pyrolysis processing system therewith, the discharging apparatus includes a first conveying channel and a discharging room, the first conveying channel is configured to convey solid products, the discharging room includes a deposition region, an overflowing region and a solid outlet, the deposition region is communicated with the first conveying channel, the overflowing region is between the deposition region and the solid outlet, the deposition region allows to deposit the solid products conveyed from the first conveying channel, the overflowing region guides the pyrolysis products from the deposition region to the solid outlet, and the solid outlet guides to external of the discharging apparatus. The discharging apparatus makes sure the sealing performance of the pyrolysis processing system, so as to realize industry application of the pyrolysis processing system. 1. A discharging apparatus , comprising:a first conveying channel, wherein the first conveying channel comprises a solid inlet connected with a pyrolysis reaction apparatus, a conveying mechanism in the first conveying channel is configured to convey pyrolysis products generated by the pyrolysis reaction apparatus; anda discharging room, wherein the discharging room comprises a deposition region, an overflowing region and a solid outlet, the deposition region is communicated with the first conveying channel, the overflowing region is between the deposition region and the solid outlet, the deposition region allows to deposit solid products conveyed from the first conveying channel, the overflowing region guides the pyrolysis products from the deposition region to the solid outlet, and the solid outlet guides the pyrolysis products to external of the discharging apparatus.2. The discharging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the discharging room comprises a first side wall and a second side wall relatively arranged claim 1 , a first baffle ...

System and method for recovering inert feedstock contaminants from municipal solid waste during gasification

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

CARBON FIBER RECYCLING DEVICE

The present disclosure relates to a carbon fiber recycling device for recycling carbon fiber from a carbon fiber polymer composite by using a microwave. The carbon fiber recycling device includes at least one microwave supplying unit and a cavity. By radiating the microwave on the carbon fiber polymer composite, energy of the microwave is quickly absorbed by the carbon fiber to quickly increase a temperature of the carbon fiber, and the carbon fiber polymer composite is effectively and quickly decomposed to remove most polymer matrix of the carbon fiber polymer composite, so as to achieve the objective of recycling the carbon fiber indeed. 1. A carbon fiber recycling device , adapted to recycle a first carbon fiber from a carbon fiber polymer composite which comprises a polymer matrix and the first carbon fiber , wherein the polymer matrix is coupled to the first carbon fiber , the first carbon fiber comprises a first long axis direction , and the carbon fiber recycling device comprises:at least one first microwave supplying unit and a cavity;wherein the first microwave supplying unit is used to generate a first microwave, the first microwave has a first microwave direction, the first microwave is propagated to interior of the cavity; the first microwave comprises a first electric field, and the first electric field in the interior of the cavity has a first electric field direction being perpendicular to the first microwave direction; the first long axis direction of the first carbon fiber is perpendicular to the first microwave direction, or the first long axis direction of the first carbon fiber is parallel to the first electric field direction.2. The carbon fiber recycling device according to claim 1 , wherein the first long axis direction of the first carbon fiber is parallel to the first electric field direction.3. The carbon fiber recycling device according to claim 2 , wherein the cavity has a second long axis direction claim 2 , and the second long axis ...

ORGANIC POLYMER WASTE MATERIAL DISPOSAL DEVICE

The present invention provides an organic polymer waste material disposal device, which is mainly composed of a flue gas circulation system, a poor-oxygen cycle de-polymerization device, an oil-gas separation system and a waste residue collection system. The poor oxygen cycle de-polymerization device is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber, the flue gas circulation system sends low-temperature poor-oxygen gas to the inner chamber for de-polymerization reaction, and sends high-temperature flue gas to the outer chamber for auxiliary heating, which re-enters the flue gas circulation system; when the waste is subjected to poor-oxygen de-polymerization reaction, and has reaction in the inner chamber, the waste respectively enters the oil-gas separation system, and the waste residue collection system, thus producing the efficient separation of oil, gas and residue. 1. An organic polymer waste material disposal device , comprising a flue gas circulation system , a poor-oxygen cycle de-polymerization device , an oil-gas separation system and a waste residue collection system , wherein the poor-oxygen cycle de-polymerization device is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber , the flue gas circulation system sends low-temperature poor-oxygen gas to the inner chamber and sends high-temperature flue gas to the outer chamber , the high-temperature flue gas enters the flue gas circulation system again after passing through the outer chamber , the low-temperature poor-oxygen gas and waste residues enter the oil-gas separation system and the waste residue collection system respectively after reaction in the inner chamber.2. The organic polymer waste material disposal device according to claim 1 , wherein a feed end of the inner chamber of the poor-oxygen cycle de-polymerization device is connected with a mixing portion while a discharge end of the inner chamber is connected with a separation portion claim 1 , and the poor-oxygen cycle de-polymerization ...

A method for sorting tires

The present invention relates to a method for sorting tires ( 15 ) on basis of its components as well as to an apparatus for carrying out such a method. The present invention also relates to the use of scrap rubber in a pyrolysis process to obtain a char material. The method for sorting tires ( 15 ) on basis of silica content ( 7 ).

System And Method For Processing A Material

A system for processing a material includes a pre-processing module configured to receive the material, mechanically stress the received material, and output the mechanically stressed material. The system also includes a pyrolysis module communicatively coupled to the pre-processing module and downstream of the pre-processing module. The pyrolysis module is configured to receive the mechanically stressed material from the pre-processing module and to perform a pyrolysis process on the received mechanically stressed material, thereby to produce one or more pyrolysis products. 1. A system for processing a material , the system comprising:a pre-processing module configured to receive the material, mechanically stress the received material, heat the received material to less than or equal to 375° C., and output the mechanically stressed and heated material; anda pyrolysis module communicatively coupled to the pre-processing module and downstream of the pre-processing module, the pyrolysis module configured to receive the mechanically stressed and heated material from the pre-processing module and to perform a pyrolysis process on the received mechanically stressed material, thereby to produce one or more pyrolysis products, wherein the pyrolysis process comprises heating the material received from the pre-processing module to greater than or equal to 450° C.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing module and the pyrolysis module are separate modules comprising different respective chambers for processing material.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing module and the pyrolysis module are independent modules that are configured to be controlled independently of one another.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing module and the pyrolysis module are configured to be operated simultaneously such that the pre-processing module may process a received feedstock material at the same time as the pyrolysis module performs the pyrolysis ...

DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION APPARATUS

The present invention discloses a destructive distillation apparatus, comprising a destructive distillation drum; a feeding drum and a discharge drum, respectively located at each of two ends of the destructive distillation drum. The destructive distillation drum has a larger diameter than the feeding drum and the discharge drum. An inner wall of the destructive distillation drum is installed with rows of tripper and guiding plates, and a spacing is kept between every two adjacent rows of the tripper and guiding plates. Each row of the tripper and guiding plates are consisted of a plurality of tripper and guiding plates, and each tripper and guiding plate is formed by a flat plane and a triangle having a slope. The flat planes of each row of the tripper and guiding plates are horizontally arranged, and a pointed end of the triangle is directed toward a discharge port of the destructive distillation drum. The destructive distillation drum is placed into a combustion chamber. Outer walls of the feeding drum and the discharge drum each are mounted with supporting roller rings, which are situated onto supporting rollers. An outer wall of the discharge drum is provided with a drive gear ring, which is driven by an electric motor so as to forwards or backwards rotate with the destructive distillation drum and the feeding drum. The present invention can control and adjust processing times of the materials in the destructive distillation drum during each process flow and the whole flow, so as to control product quality. 1. A destructive distillation apparatus , comprising:a destructive distillation drum;a feeding drum and a discharge drum, respectively located at each of two ends of the destructive distillation drum, wherein the feeding drum is provided with a spiral feeding plate therein and the discharge drum is provided with a spiral discharge plate therein,wherein the destructive distillation drum has a larger diameter than the feeding drum and the discharge drum, an ...

THERMAL DISMANTLING UNIT AND A HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE

This invention is related to a thermal dismantling unit that; “Reaches high temperatures (up to 3500° C.),” Has been designed to be able to work with the three states (solid, liquid and gas) of fuel, “Works at low pressure by using a special vacuum circuit,” Bears a washing system in order to produce clean hot air suitable for domestic and industrial usage. 1- Thermal dismantling unit for processing the oil shale or bituminous sand or immature oil , comprising;{'b': 13', '14', '28', '1, 'Reactor () and furnace ( and ) unit (), wherein reactor is inside of the furnace,'}{'b': '2', 'Purification and combustion products washing unit (),'}{'b': '4', 'Multi-stage heat exchanger and combustion waste precipitator (),'}{'b': '5', 'Roasting, moisture pulling and oil shale drying unit (),'}{'b': '9', 'Centrifugation and pulling the washing outputs unit (),'}The Isolation Chamber to extinguish the processed oil shale.25- Thermal dismantling unit as claimed in and characterized in that the roasting claim 1 , moisture pulling and oil shale drying unit () to be used for processing oil shale to obtain shale oil claim 1 , shale gas claim 1 , water claim 1 , hot air claim 1 , ash and residual comprises;{'b': 13', '2, 'Compiling and condensing vapors of heavy components tower (.).'}{'b': 1', '13', '3, 'Intensification of Tower (.)'}{'b': 2', '13', '4, 'Intensification of Tower (.)'}{'b': 1', '13', '5, 'The distillates collection tank (.)'}{'b': 2', '13', '6, 'The distillates collection tank (.)'}{'b': 13', '7, 'viscosity breaking tower (.)'}{'b': 13', '8, 'Vacuum tower (.)'}{'b': 13', '9, 'Vacuum pump (.)'}{'b': 13', '10, 'Gas gathering tank (.)'}{'b': 1', '13', '11, 'Glass distillates showing tower (.)'}{'b': 2', '13', '12, 'Glass distillates showing tower (.)'}{'b': 13', '13, 'Centrifuge pump (.)'}{'b': 13', '14, 'Distillate liquid collection tank (.)'}3131428- Reactor () and furnace ( and ) unit for the thermal dismantling unit as claimed in any of the preceding claims comprises ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THERMALLY DEMANUFACTURING TIRES AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS

An apparatus and process for thermally de-manufacturing tires and other materials. The apparatus is a retort chamber with various zones in which tires are combusted to provide energy for the thermal depolymerization reaction, depolymerization takes place, and products leave the retort chamber. In one embodiment, the process reacts water with iron present in steel-belted tires to produce hydrogen, which helps to break sulfur-sulfur bonds in vulcanized materials. The water also helps control the temperature of the reaction, which allows for control over the types and relative amounts of the various depolymerization products. 1. A retort chamber comprising:a) a top,b) a bottom,c) a heater at or near the bottom of the retort chamber capable of heating the bottom to a temperature between about 900 and 1300° C.,d) two or more inlet ports located at or near the bottom of the retort chamber,e) one or more outlet ports located at or near the top of the retort chamber,f) temperature monitors at or near the top and bottom of the retort chamber,g) a temperature monitor located at a position between about 30 and about 70% of the distance between the top and the bottom of the retort chamber, andh) a vacuum line or aspirator located in the upper third of the retort chamber.2. The retort chamber of claim 1 , wherein the heater is a burner placed on a carriage claim 1 , which carriage is adapted to allow the burner to move along the bottom of the retort chamber.3. The retort chamber of claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the retort chamber comprises a plurality of registers claim 1 , which registers are spaced so as to provide substantially equal pressure along the entire bottom of the retort claim 1 , wherein substantially equal means that the pressure along the bottom of the retort chamber does not vary by more than 20%.4. The retort chamber of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the inlet ports is adapted to receive a supply of water to be introduced into the retort chamber.5. The ...

Processing device and processing method of fiber containing resin

A processing method according to the present embodiment is a processing method of a fiber containing resin in which fibers are contained in a matrix resin. The processing method includes: a step of thermal decomposition of the matrix resin in the fiber containing resin; and a step of stirring a resulting fibers bundle in solvent after the thermal decomposition. At the time of the thermal decomposition, the matrix resin may be carbonized in a dry distillation-carbonization furnace, for example.

REACTOR FOR THE ADVANCED THERMAL CHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

A reactor system made up of a single canister or a plurality of separate canister sections for the advanced thermal chemical conversion processing of municipal solid waste (“MSW”), either sorted or unsorted, and autoclaves specially designed to process the waste at suitable temperature and pressure combinations is disclosed. The canister sections can be individually and separately filled with compressed bales of MSW or with selected loose MSW. The reactor system can produce syngas that has an enhanced BTU value, typically between about 300 to 700 BTU/ft. The remainder solid waste material generally amounts to approximately 5% of the original MSW volume. This material can then be sorted for metals with the balance being sent to a landfill or other recycling processes depending on its composition. 1. A system for the thermal decomposition of solid waste comprisinga plurality of cylindrical canister sections configured to hold solid waste;a connecting ring structure at at least one end of each one of the plurality of cylindrical canister sections;an autoclave for holding one or more of the plurality of cylindrical canister sections; andan exhaust port from the autoclave for removing gases produced during the thermal decomposition of the solid waste.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein each one of the plurality of cylindrical canister sections comprises a grate or mesh floor structure at one end.3. The system according to claim 1 , where the solid waste comprises a cylindrical bale of compressed solid waste wrapped with a protective material to maintain the solid waste in a compressed condition.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the connecting ring structure allows canister sections to stack one on top of another without compressing the solid waste material in the lower canister section.5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of cylindrical canister sections comprises connecting ring structures at both ends.6. The ...

Process for producing biocoal and plant therefor

Disclosed is a process and plant for producing biocoal in which biogenous starting material located in retorts is pyrolyzed and the flammable pyrolysis gases formed by the pyrolyses are burned to generate hot flue gases. The retorts are introduced consecutively into at least one reactor chamber and by use of the flue gases the pyrolyses are performed therein. The retorts are at least largely closed toward entry of hot flue gases and the heating of the starting materials located in the retorts by the flue gasses is effected only indirectly via the heating of the retorts.

PYROLYSIS REACTOR SYSTEM FOR THE CONVERSION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC SOLID WASTE

The pyrolysis reactor system for the conversion and analysis of organic solid waste is a dual gas-liquid separation system, allowing for the conversion of organic solid waste, as well as analysis of the conversion products. A pyrolysis reactor is provided for converting the organic solid waste into a solid product and a gas-liquid product mixture through pyrolysis. A source of carrier gas is in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor for degrading the organic solid waste. A first gas-liquid separator is in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor and receives the gas-liquid product mixture therefrom, separating a portion of gas therefrom. A second gas-liquid separator is in fluid communication with the first gas-liquid separator and receives the gas-liquid product mixture therefrom and separates the remainder of the gas therefrom. The remainder of the gas and the separated liquid are each collected separately from one another, in addition to the char. 17-. (canceled)8. A pyrolysis reactor system for the conversion and analysis of organic solid waste , comprising:a pyrolysis fixed bed cylindrical reactor for converting organic solid waste into a solid product and a gas-liquid product mixture through pyrolysis, the reactor includes a three-zone furnace wherein each zone provides a temperature of up to 850° C., wherein the reactor includes a collection unit in direct communication therewith to collect the solid product;a source of carrier gas in contact with the pyrolysis reactor for achieving pyrolytic conditions therein;a first gas-liquid separator in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor and a chiller, the first gas-liquid separator receiving the gas-liquid product mixture directly from the pyrolysis reactor, separating a portion of gas therefrom, and outputting the portion of gas from the first gas-liquid separator for analysis thereof;a condenser receiving the gas-liquid product mixture directly from the first gas-liquid separator;a second ...

WASTE TIRE-DERIVED ASPHALT MODIFIER

Asphalt binders are modified using fractional products from waste tire pyrolysis, using an initial step of i) at least partially pyrolyzing, separately from such asphaltic binder, whole rubber articles or size-reduced rubber particles to provide one or more pyrolyzed rubber fractions including a pyrolyzed oil fraction having a selected minimum initial boiling point or flash point, and ii) removing some or all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds from such pyrolyzed oil fraction to provide a reduced-PAH and preferably translucent pyrolyzed oil fraction that may be combined with an asphaltic binder to provide a modified asphalt composition.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RAPID DRY CARBONIZATION OF ORGANIC WASTE, APPARATUS AND CATALYTIC SYSTEM ASSOCIATED TO THE METHOD

A method for transforming waste into carbon in a reactor, said method comprising: a) drying the waste by submitting said waste to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C.; b) releasing the water vapor out of the reactor, and; c) carbonizing at least partially the waste by maintaining said waste during a period of time of at least 5 minutes to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C., thereby obtaining carbon; and d) optionally separating non-organic material from the obtained carbon. 1. A method for transforming waste into carbon in a reactor , said method comprising:a) drying the waste by submitting said waste to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C.;b) releasing the water vapor out of the reactor, and;c) carbonizing at least partially the waste by maintaining said waste during a period of time of at least 5 minutes to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C., thereby obtaining carbon; andd) optionally separating non-organic material from the obtained carbon.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step a) and in step c) claim 1 , said pressure is claim 1 , each independently claim 1 , at least 4 bar claim 1 , at least 5 bar claim 1 , at least 6 bar claim 1 , at least 7 bar claim 1 , at least 8 bar claim 1 , at least 9 bar claim 1 , or at least 10 bar.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step a) and in step c) claim 1 , said temperature is claim 1 , each independently claim 1 , at least 275° C. claim 1 , at least 300° C. claim 1 , at least 325° C. claim 1 , or at least 350° C.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein in step c) claim 3 , said period of time is at least 7 minutes claim 3 , at least 10 minutes claim 3 , at least 15 minutes claim 3 , or at least 20 minutes.5. The method according to wherein said method claim 1 , after the carbonizing step c) claim 1 , further comprises depressurizing and cooling at a temperature below 100 ...

DISPOSAL OF REFUSE

Existing approaches to refuse handling are all based on historical approaches which rely on a network of refuse collection vehicles collecting waste from individual households and delivering this to a centralised landfill or MBI location. This is highly undesirable and wasteful. An alternative process is disclosed, relying on the thermal treatment of waste and like products produced or brought in to the residential property and processed within the domestic curtilage to produce fuel or other forms of energy. Thus, domestic waste will be thermally treated at the home instead of being collected by local authorities and disposed of. The waste input put material will be loaded into a domestically engineered thermal conversion unit either directly or after a pre-process such as shredding. The feedstock will be converted into fuels by a thermal treatment, such as pyrolysis. The resultant output of oil and gas can either be stored or fed into a boiler unit to be used as a fuel to produce hot water, or used to run an electricity generating unit to power the dwelling in question or for supply to a feed-in tariff. Thus, a domestic dwelling includes a thermal treatment unit for processing waste produced in the dwelling, an output of the thermal treatment unit being combusted for producing an energy output for the dwelling. A suitable pyrolysis chamber is disclosed. 1. A pyrolysis chamber for treating domestic refuse , comprising a receptacle for the refuse , the receptacle being defined by a double-skinned enclosure having an exterior wall , an interior heat-conductive wall , and a sealed void between the two walls in which a working fluid is disposed , and at least one heating element in thermal contact with the enclosure.2. The pyrolysis chamber according to in which the enclosure includes at least one heat-conductive pin extending from the interior wall into the interior of the receptacle.3. The pyrolysis chamber according to in which the at least one pin is hollow claim 2 ...

METHOD OF SIMULTANEOUSLY RECYCLING PLASTICS AND DETOXIFYING CHROMITE ORE PROCESSING RESIDUE BY RESIDUAL HEAT FROM STEEL SLAG

The present invention provides a method of simultaneously recycling plastics and detoxifying chromite ore processing residue with residual heat from a steel slag. By heating and gasifying plastics with steel slag, followed by catalytically split-decomposing the plastics with catalysts such as chromite ore processing residue, the plastics are thoroughly converted into a energy gas under water vapor gasification. The surface coking of Chromite Ore Processing Residue is avoided. Meanwhile, the energy gas reduces Cr in Chromite Ore Processing Residue into Cr, and the energy gas is cooled, and COand Cl in the energy gas are adsorbed by alkaline substances in Chromite Ore Processing Residue. With this method, chromite ore processing residue is detoxified, and steel slag is cooled, furthermore, energy is saved and a energy gas is obtained. 1. A method of simultaneously recycling plastics and detoxifying a chromite ore processing residue by residual heat of a steel slag , comprising following steps :(1) pouring liquid steel slag at 1500° C. to 1700° C. from a slag ladle into an inlet end of a wheeled feeder;preliminarily crushing the steel slag, and feeding the steel slag from an outlet end of the wheeled feeder to an inlet of a crusher;mixing the steel slag with plastics, and then pyrolyzing the plastics to obtain a plastic pyrolysis gas and a plastic pyrolysis coke;conveying the steel slag and the plastic pyrolysis coke to an outlet end of the roller crusher, and then cooling the steel slag by a cooling water;discharging the steel slag;(2) spraying the cooling water from step (1) onto the surface of the steel slag at the outlet end of the roller crusher, wherein the cooling water becomes a water vapor;controlling the water vapor to flow in a direction opposite to a flow of the steel slag wherein heat is exchanged between the water vapor and the steel slag;conveying the water vapor to the inlet end of the roller crusher, and then mixing the water vapor with the plastic ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RECYCLED MATERIAL, AND TIRE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TIRE

There is provided a method for producing a recycled material, whereby a recycled material can be efficiently obtained from a tire. The method for producing a recycled material according to the present invention includes a step of subjecting a tire to a gasification treatment to generate a gas containing a C1 gas from the tire, and a step of obtaining a recycled material containing at least one species selected from the group consisting of isoprene, butadiene, a butanediol compound, a butanol compound, a butenal compound, succinic acid, and polymers of these compounds by using the gas containing the C1 gas. 1. A method for producing a recycled material , the method comprising: a step of subjecting a tire to a gasification treatment to generate a gas comprising a C1 gas from the tire , and a step of obtaining a recycled material comprising at least one species selected from the group consisting of isoprene , butadiene , a butanediol compound , a butanol compound , a butenal compound , succinic acid , and polymers of these compounds by using the gas comprising the C1 gas.2. The method for producing a recycled material according to claim 1 , wherein the tire to be used for the gasification treatment is a waste tire.3. The method for producing a recycled material according to claim 1 , wherein the gas comprising the C1 gas comprises COgas and hydrogen gas and x in the COgas is 1≦x≦2.4. The method for producing a recycled material according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled material comprises at least one species selected from the group consisting of isoprene claim 1 , butadiene claim 1 , and polymers of these compounds.5. A tire obtained by using a recycled material obtained by the method for producing a recycled material according to .6. A method for producing a tire claim 1 , the method comprising a step of obtaining a tire by using a recycled material obtained by the method for producing a recycled material according to .7. A method for producing a tire claim 1 , the ...

BATTERY PRODUCTION METHOD

A battery production method is provided for producing the battery using the rubber material such as a tire containing sulfur as the raw material. In the method, the raw material is thermally decomposed, so that the raw material is separated into the solid portion and the dry distilled gas. In the next step, the dry distilled gas is cooled, so that the dry distilled gas is separated into the oil portion and the gaseous portion. In the next step, the oil portion is distilled, so that the oil portion is separated into the heavy oil, the light oil, and sulfur. In the next step, the heavy oil and sulfur are kneaded and thermally processed to produce the positive active substance or the positive electrode active material of the battery. 1. A battery production method for producing a battery , comprising the steps of:thermally decomposing a rubber material including a tire containing sulfur as a raw material so that the raw material is separated into a solid portion and a dry distilled gas;cooling the dry distilled gas so that the dry distilled gas is separated into an oil portion and a gaseous portion;distilling the oil portion so that the oil portion is separated into a heavy oil, a light oil, and sulfur; andkneading and thermally processing the heavy oil and the sulfur to produce a positive active substance of the battery.2. A battery production method for producing a battery , comprising the steps of:thermally decomposing a rubber material including a tire containing sulfur as a raw material so that the raw material is separated into a solid portion and a dry distilled gas;cooling the dry distilled gas so that the dry distilled gas is separated into an oil portion and a gaseous portion;distilling the oil portion so that the oil portion is separated into a heavy oil, a light oil, and sulfur;kneading and thermally processing the heavy oil and the sulfur to produce a positive active substance of the battery;separating the solid portion into a metal and a carbonized ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUELS FROM PYROLYSIS OIL

A process for deoxygenating a pyrolysis oil stream comprises purposely limiting complete deoxygenation of the pyrolysis oil stream having a high oxygenate concentration to provide a hydrotreated pyrolysis oil stream that is sufficiently reduced in oxygenate content to mix with oil. By not fully deoxygenating the pyrolysis oil stream, the deoxygenation reaction can be run with little risk of undesirable polymerization reactions plugging the reactor. 1. A process for deoxygenating a pyrolysis oil comprising:providing a pyrolysis oil feed stream having an oxygen concentration of at least about 25 wt %; andhydrotreating said pyrolysis oil stream in the presence of a hydrogen stream and a hydrotreating catalyst to partially deoxygenate said pyrolysis oil stream to provide a hydrotreated pyrolysis oil stream comprising an oxygen concentration of greater than 5 wt % and no more than about 20 wt %.2. The process of further comprising separating a hydrotreated effluent stream to provide said hydrotreated pyrolysis oil stream and a hydrotreated vapor stream.3. The process of wherein said hydrotreating step is performed at a reaction temperature of about 200 to about 340° C.4. The process of wherein said hydrotreated pyrolysis oil stream is miscible with oil.5. The process of wherein said pyrolysis oil feed stream comprises an oxygen concentration of about 30 to about 50 wt %.6. The process of wherein said hydrotreated pyrolysis oil stream comprises an oxygen concentration of about 8 to about 15 wt %.7. The process of further comprising providing the pyrolysis oil feed stream by thermally decomposing a solid biomass material in the absence of hydrogen.8. The process of further comprising hydrotreating said pyrolysis oil stream without plugging the reactor.9. The process of wherein said hydrotreating catalyst comprises a neutral catalyst support.10. The process of wherein said neutral catalyst support comprises a titanium oxide a silicon oxide claim 9 , a zirconium oxide (ZrO) ...

Pyrolysis reactor with optimized reaction sequencing

System and method for processing pyrolyzable materials in order to recover usable end products are disclosed. The pyrolysis process comprises a number of stages. First pre-treating is to reduce moisture content to approximately 15%. Second is to optimize the volatile organic under the heat and vacuum. This treatment stage is carried out at the temperature between 350 to 400° C. Next, the material is treated with heat and vacuum to produce hot gas and solid carbon residue. This stage is carried out at the temperature up to 800° C. The solid carbon residue can be separated from the hot gas, the volatile organic materials condensed to produce liquid hydrocarbon and gas products. Pyrolysis processes and system according to the present invention are able to thermally decompose carbon-containing materials, including, but not limited to, tires and other rubber-containing materials, hydrocarbon-containing products including pyrolysis oil, used oil and lubricants, organic wastes and alike, carbon containing minerals like brown and bituminous coal, oil shale and oil bearing schists. System and pyrolysis methods according to aspects of the present invention may be successful on a commercial scale.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REFINEMENT OF CHAR AND MANUFACTURE OF REGENERATED CARBON BLACK THROUGH WASTE TIRE PYROLYSIS

The present invention includes a system and a method for the refinement of char and the manufacture of regenerated carbon black through waste tire pyrolysis, wherein, in a process of refining char obtained through a pyrolysis process of a waste tires, volatile constituents of char are preferentially removed prior to molding using a pyrolysis furnace having a continuous-type configuration and capable of operating in a continuous manner, and microparticular or microparticle-type regenerated carbon black is produced using the resulting char of increased purity as a material and then molded into spheres with water serving as a binder, whereby regenerated carbon black of high quality can be produced, with the concomitant achievement of cost reduction and an increase in output in the process of producing corresponding spherical regenerated carbon black. 1. A system for refining char and manufacturing regenerated carbon black through waste tire pyrolysis , the system comprising:a raw material storage tank in which the char obtained through pyrolysis of waste tires is stored;a pre-treatment portion for separating foreign substances by sorting at least two times the char transferred from the raw material storage tank;a pyrolysis furnace for separating volatile components of the char transferred from the pre-treatment portion;a pulverizing portion for pulverizing the char transferred from the pyrolysis furnace into microparticular or microparticle powder to form regenerated carbon black;a molding portion for molding the regenerated carbon black transferred from the pulverizing portion into a spherical shape using water as a binder;a secondary drying portion for drying the spherical regenerated carbon black transferred from the molding portion;a vibration screen for separating the spherical regenerated carbon black having a predetermined size or more among the spherical regenerated carbon blacks transferred from the secondary drying portion;a packaging portion for packaging ...

TITANIA-CARBON DOT-REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE COMPOSITES, THEIR MAKE, AND USE

Catalytic pyrolysis can upcycle waste, e.g., car bumpers, to carbon nanomaterials, preferably using synthetic TiOnanoparticles as catalyst during pyrolysis. Analysis of the carbon nanomaterials shows that, while RGO is produced from thermal pyrolysis of car bumper waste absent TiO, RGO spotted with carbon dots is produced in presence of TiOcatalyst. Rutile to anatase TiOphase transformation and carbon nanomaterial formation can simultaneously occur during the pyrolysis. Anatase to rutile transformation may occur while TiOabsent the bumper material. Such TiO-CD-RGO can be used, for example in photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds, such as methylene blue. 1. A method of upcycling vehicle exterior waste , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'pyrolyzing an organic polymer-comprising waste material and TiOparticles in an inert atmosphere at a temperature in the range of 500 to 900° C., to thereby obtain a composite comprising reduced graphene oxide, 10 to 50 wt. %, based on total composite weight, of TiO, and carbon dots on the reduced graphene oxide.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduced graphene oxide is in the form of sheets and/or plates.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste material is car bumper material.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste material comprises styrenic polymer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein waste material comprises olefinic polymer.6. A composition claim 1 , comprising:reduced graphene oxide sheets and/or plates;{'sub': '2', '10 to 50 wt. %, based on total composition weight, of TiOparticles dispersed in and/or on the reduced graphene oxide sheets and/or plates,'}wherein at least a portion of the graphene oxide is decorated with carbon dots, and{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the TiOparticles comprise TiOin anatase phase.'}7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the reduced graphene oxide is present in an amount of 90 to 50 wt. % claim 6 , based on the total composition weight.8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF MIXED URBAN WASTES

The invention concerns a device for the thermal transformation of waste, in particular mixed urban waste. It comprises conveyor means, housed in an enclosed space, for discharging waste into a furnace having inductively heated zones of successively higher temperatures. Gases and oils produced by pyrolysis are removed at stages of the process. 1. A process for the thermal transformation of waste , in particular urban waste , in particular organic waste , vegetable waste , synthetic materials or the like , in which the said waste is fed into at least one confined site , in the absence of oxygen , with a view to treating it in order to obtain transformed products , in which a substantial reduction in its humidity is carried out before and during its penetration into the said confined site , and in which a gradual rise in temperature is carried out , in zones of predetermined temperatures , and in that this is done in the course of the continuous movement of the said waste , to their vertical settling by gravity in said confined site , through said zones of predetermined temperatures , characterized in that said gradual rise in temperature of said waste is carried out , in zones of predetermined temperatures , by independent electrical induction heating means disposed specifically in each of said zones of predetermined temperatures and in that said transformed products are evacuated at outlets of said confined site , after the thermal transformation of said waste according to the treatment temperatures , in gaseous , liquid or solid form.2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said increase in temperature of the said waste is carried out by heating heat-transferring elements which are in direct contact with the said waste to be heat-treated and which transmit at least part of their heat thereto.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the temperature of the waste to be treated is first raised to a dehydration value claim 1 , which ...

PARTICULATE CLASSIFICATION VESSEL HAVING GAS DISTRIBUTOR VALVE FOR RECOVERING CONTAMINANTS FROM BED MATERIAL

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 111. A particulate classification vessel (AA , AB) having an interior (INA , INB) and comprising:{'b': 5', '5, '(i) a mixture input (AA, AAA);'}{'b': 6', '6', '16', '16, '(ii) a classifier gas input (AA, AAA) connected to a source of classifier gas (AA, AAA);'}{'b': 7', '7, '(iii) a bed material output (AA, AAA);'}{'b': 9', '9, '(iv) a contaminant output (AA, AAA); and'}{'b': 91', '1', '2, '(v) a gas distributor valve (V) configured to separate the classifier interior (INA, INB) into a classifier zone (INA) and a gas distribution zone (INA);'}wherein:{'b': 91', '504', '502', '504', '502', '514, 'the gas distributor valve (V) comprises a valve body () and a blade () slidable relative to the valve body (); the blade () has perforations () at a first portion thereof;'}{'b': 506', '502', '502, 'claim-text': [{'b': 514', '1', '2, 'a closed position in which the perforations () are located within the vessel, between the classifier zone (INA) and a gas distribution zone (INA); and'}, {'b': 514', '1', '2, 'an open position in which the perforations () are no longer located within the vessel, between the classifier zone (INA) and a gas distribution zone (INA).'}], 'an actuator () is connected to the blade () and configured to selectively slide the blade () between2. The particulate classification vessel according to claim 1 , wherein:{'b': 502', '516, 'the blade () further comprises a hole () at a ...

PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS WITH NOVEL SALTS IMPREGNATED TIRE-DERIVED CARBON CATALYSTS

The invention provides a catalyst and a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a porous carbon composite impregnated with a salt. The catalyst comprises a porous carbon composite impregnated with a salt. 1. A catalyst comprising a porous carbon composite impregnated with a salt.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon composite contains a mixed meso-microporosity.3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon composite has a specific surface area of between 1-2000 m/g.4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon composite has a pore volume of 0.0100-0.1000 mg.5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon composite is impregnated with a salt.6. The catalyst according to claim 5 , wherein the salt is a transition metal salt.7. The catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the transition metal salt is ferric sulfate.8. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon composite is derived from waste tires.9. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the group component of the salt is present on the surface of the porous carbon composite.10. A method for making a catalyst claim 1 , the method comprising:a. providing rubber pieces,b. optionally contacting the rubber pieces with a sulfonation bath to produce sulfonated rubber,c. pyrolyzing the rubber pieces or sulfonated rubber to produce a rubber-derived porous carbon composite, andd. impregnating the porous carbon composite with a salt to produce a catalyst comprising a porous carbon composite impregnated with a salt.11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the rubber pieces are from waste tires.12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the sulfonation bath comprises sulfuric acid.13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the pyrolyzing temperature is from about at least 200° C. to 2400° C.14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the salt is a transition metal salt.15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the transition ...

METHOD AND PRODUCT FOR PARAFFIN AND ASPHALTENES INHIBITING

Disclosed is method of and product for enhanced oil recovery for a crude oil production well. The method includes the steps of pyrolyzing rubber materials including the steps of heating the rubber materials to form pyro-vapors, condensing the pyro-vapors to form pyro-gas and pyro-oil where the pyro-oil includes an inhibitor solution including non-polar hydrocarbons and polar hydrocarbons. The inhibitor solution is injected as an injection stream into the crude oil production well to facilitate production of crude oil from the crude oil production well. 1. A method of enhanced oil recovery of crude oil from a production well comprising ,pyrolyzing rubber materials including the steps of heating the rubber materials to form pyro-vapors, condensing the pyro-vapors to form pyro-gas and pyro-oil where the pyro-oil includes an inhibitor solution including non-polar hydrocarbons and polar hydrocarbons,mixing the inhibitor solution with crude oil to form an injection stream and injecting the injection stream into the production well to facilitate production of the crude oil from the production well.2. The method of wherein the inhibitor solution is about 0.15% or more of the injection stream to lower the Cloud Point temperature of paraffin in the crude oil of the production well.3. The method of where the properties of the inhibitor solution are approximately Specific Gravity (60° F.): 0.82 claim 2 , Weight (60° F.): 6.8 lbs/US gal claim 2 , Flash Point (SFCC): 74° F. claim 2 , Pour Point (ASTM D-97): <−40° F. claim 2 , Viscosity (ASTM D-455) (60° F.): 32 claim 2 , Solubility: Oil-soluble claim 2 , Ionic Character: Anionic claim 2 , pH: 7.5.4. The method of wherein the non-polar hydrocarbons are about 3% to 12% of the pyro-oil.5. The method of wherein the rubber material is scrap tires.{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(Original) The method of wherein the non-polar hydrocarbons include Benzoic acid; 1-Piperidinecarboxaldehyde and Caprolactam.'}6. The method ...

A method for sorting tires

The present invention relates to a method for sorting tires on basis of its components as well as to an apparatus for carrying out such a method. The present invention also relates to the use of scrap rubber in a pyrolysis process to obtain a char material. The method for sorting tires on basis of its components is characterized in that the tires are sorted on basis of its silica content.

Method for sorting tires

The present invention relates to a method for sorting tires (15) on basis of its components as well as to an apparatus for carrying out such a method. The present invention also relates to the use of scrap rubber in a pyrolysis process to obtain a char material. The method for sorting tires (15) on basis of silica content (7).

Side rectifier column for olefin and diluent recovery

Processes and systems for olefin and diluent recovery utilizing one or more side columns, including a side rectifier column and/or a side degassing column, in combination with a heavies column.

一种湿法制备橡胶用超细废旧轮胎热裂解碳黑的方法

本发明涉及了湿法制备橡胶用超细废旧轮胎热裂解碳黑的方法，利用除铁设备除去铁渣。按照一定浓度将粗粉胶渣配置成料浆，加入预先制备的改性剂后搅拌均匀，通过一次研磨设备将其研磨至D97为30‑45um之间，再经过二次研磨设备将粒径研磨至D97为5‑10um。经过脱水设备将胶渣悬浮液脱水至固含量为50‑70％，然后再进行破碎、造粒以及干燥得到超细改性热裂解碳黑颗粒。此外，本发明得到最终的产品是颗粒形态，从而减少了使用过程带来的粉尘污染。产品可作为补强剂部分代替现有商业炭黑，具有广阔的应用前景。

一种用废旧轮胎和生物质热解生产氢气和碳纳米管的方法

一种用废旧轮胎和生物质热解生产氢气和碳纳米管的方法，先将废旧轮胎和生物质破碎后按照一定比例混合，然后隔绝空气在450-650℃下进行热解；再将热解产生的热解气体中加入水蒸汽，在800-900℃温度下进行催化重整，采用的催化剂由Al 2 O 3 载体、NiO主催化剂和MgO助催化剂混合组成，得到氢气和碳纳米管的产物质量分别占原料总量的5-15％和20-40％。本发明的优点是：本发明采用废旧轮胎和生物质进行混合的方法，原料先经过热解得到热解气体，热解气体再经过催化重整的方法，使产物向高附加值的氢气和碳纳米管转移，具有重要的创新意义。

充气轮胎

一种在安装于一对胎圈部之间的胎体帘布层的轮胎内侧具备内衬层的充气轮胎，其特征在于，所述内衬层由配置于轮胎内侧的第1层和配置成与所述胎体帘布层的橡胶层相接的第2层所构成，所述第1层是以苯乙烯‑异丁烯‑苯乙烯嵌段共聚物为主体的热塑性弹性体组合物，所述第2层是苯乙烯系热塑性弹性体组合物，(a)所述第1层以及第2层的至少任一个的热塑性弹性体组合物，相对于热塑性弹性体成分100质量份，含有增粘剂0.1～100质量份，或者(b)所述第2层含有热塑性弹性体成分的10～80质量％的苯乙烯‑异丁烯‑苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。

煤气化制氢方法

本发明公开了一种煤气化制氢方法方法，该方法利用的煤气化装置包括上段气化室(2)和下段燃烧气化室(1)，上段气化室的周壁上设有多个上喷嘴(8b)，下段燃烧气化室的周壁上设有多个下喷嘴(8a)，多个上喷嘴中的至少一个为水蒸汽喷嘴，该方法包括：在下段燃烧气化室被预热后，通过下喷嘴往下段燃烧气化室内通入煤燃料和气化剂，以产生燃烧和气化反应，并且通过上喷嘴往上段气化室内通入水蒸汽，以产生水煤气变换反应，其中，所述下段燃烧气化室为煤的燃烧室，所述上段气化室中无需煤的参与。在本发明的煤气化装置及其煤气化方法中，可强化水煤气变换反应，增加氢气产量，使得产出的合成气中氢气含量显著高于当前主流的气流床气化炉。

生物质或有机垃圾转化设备及转化工艺

本申请公开了一种生物质或有机垃圾转化设备，包括两段式摆动回转炉，其包括滚筒、驱动装置、支撑装置、摆动控制装置和段组件；摆动控制装置、驱动装置和支撑装置分别用于控制、驱动和支撑滚筒绕转动轴线往复摆动；分段组件将滚筒分割成相互独立的第一工况段和第二工况段，分段组件连通两个工况段且只允许固相物料通过；第一工况段内设置有干燥段和干馏炭化段，第二工况段内设置有炭焚烧段，干馏炭化段设置有热解气出口，炭焚烧段设置有烟气出口；第一工况段上设置有加热装置。该设备可在第一工况段内进行隔氧脱氯干馏，在第二工况段内进行隔氯焚烧，不生成二噁英，在一个设备中完成，简化了设备。本发明还公开了一种生物质或有机垃圾转化工艺。

Ethylene recovery from polymeric materials

A method is described for the recovery of high yields of monomers from waste and scrape polymeric materials with minimal amounts of char and tar. The process involves pyrolysis in a circulating fluid bed (CFB). The polymer is heated to a temperature of about 650 °C to about 1000 °C at a rate of more than 500 °C/sec in less than two seconds. Heat is supplied to the CFB by a stream of hot sand heated in a separate combustor. The sand is also used as the circulating fluid bed material of the CFB. The process is essentially devoid of solid carbon char and non-monomeric liquid products.

一种生物质连续水热转化工艺方法

本发明提供一种生物质连续水热转化工艺方法，包括以下步骤：将待反应原料加入反应容器内；对待反应原料加热，以使待反应原料分解产生的气体以及反应容器中的水汽形成高压环境，并维持反应时间；反应完成后，将部分反应产物从反应容器内排出；回收从反应容器内排出的反应产物的能量；向反应容器内补充待反应原料；待反应原料包括常态原料和位于密闭的预反应器内的预反应原料，在向反应容器内补充待反应原料之前，利用反应容器内的部分高压气体对预反应器内的预反应原料进行加压处理。本发明提供的生物质连续水热转化工艺方法，解决了现有技术中的水热炭化工艺对加压设备要求高且存在能量浪费的问题。

一种捣固焦炭用配合煤及其生产工艺

本发明提供了一种捣固焦炭用配合煤及其生产工艺，捣固焦炭用配合煤包括以下重量百分比组分：低硫焦煤一5～15％，低硫焦煤二3～10％，高硫焦煤20～30％，低硫肥煤5～12％，高硫肥煤5～10％，特高硫肥煤0～5％，低硫1/3焦煤5～15％，低硫气煤一5～15％，低硫气煤二5～12％，低硫瘦煤5～12％，特高硫瘦煤0～10％。本发明提供的捣固焦炭用配合煤包括多种不同特性煤种，将上述煤种按特定比例混合形成配合煤，采用上述配煤结构，所生产出来的焦炭完全满足高强度、大块度焦炭所要求的的指标，平均块度可以提高1.5mm，完全满足3200m 3 级的大型高炉所需要的各项质量指标。

用于烯烃和稀释剂回收的侧面精馏塔

利用一个或多个侧塔以及重质塔的烯烃和稀释剂回收的方法和系统，所述侧塔包括侧精馏塔和/或侧脱气塔。

含纤维树脂的处理装置和处理方法

本发明涉及含纤维树脂的处理装置和处理方法。根据本实施方式的处理方法是在基体树脂中包含有纤维的含纤维树脂的处理方法。该处理方法包括：使所述含纤维树脂中的基体树脂热分解的工序；以及在热分解之后在溶剂中搅拌所得到的纤维束的工序。在热分解时，可使所述基体树脂例如在干馏碳化炉(101)中碳化。

Method and device for processing rubber wastes

FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of wastes and can be use in chemical and rubber industries to produce ingredients of rubber mixes from petrochemical stock wastes. Incompliance with proposed method, rubber wastes, particularly worn-out ties are fed in movable container reactor fro first loading/unloading chamber to be subjected to thermolysis in heat carrier containing superheated steam continuously forced through wastes layer. Formed gaseous phase with withdrawn from the reactor and, partially, returned into the latter mixed with steam, preferably, with steam-to-gaseous phase-ratio of 1:(1.0-5.0). Solid phase is withdrawn from the reactor in moving the container back into first loading/unloading chamber on turning said container relative to lengthwise axis. Then it is ground and subjected to magnetic treatment for separation of metal inclusions. Portion of withdrawn gaseous phase is cooled to separate liquid phase condensed thereat. Gaseous phase not condensed is fired using released heat for superheating of steam. Then the process is repeated by loading wastes into reactor from second loading/unloading chamber and in moving container into second loading/unloading chamber after thermolysis termination. Solid and liquid phase produced in said process are used, for example as fuels or separately, or on mixing them to produce fuel dispersion. In the latter case, solid phase is ground to grains size of 1.0-3.0 mm to perform magnetic treatment and further grinding to, for example 0.05-0.1 mm. A portion of water is extracted from liquid phase to have its content in said phase varying from 5 to 18 % by weight. Now, liquid and solid phases are mixed in mixed at weight ratio of (0.75-1.50):1 and obtained mix is subjected to circulation via disperser by dispersing pump for 600-3600 s. Proposed device comprises thermolysis reactor representing a chamber with gas ducts to feed/discharge steam-gas mix, steam generator, steam superheating ...

Method of molding waste plastic and method of pyrolyzing waste plastic

본 발명은 폐플라스틱을 성형함으로써, 고밀도의 입상물을 제조하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한, 이 입상물과 석탄을 혼합하고, 코크스로에서 열분해할 때에, 고강도의 코크스를 제조하는 것도 목적으로 하는 것으로, 저온에서 연화하는 플라스틱인 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 폴리스티렌을 합계로 50% 이상의 비율로 함유하는 폐플라스틱 원료로서 사용한다. 이 폐플라스틱을 스크류식 압입기에서 노즐로부터 압출하는 성형 방법을 사용하여 성형한다. 본 발명의 방법에서는 성형 장치 내에서, 폐플라스틱을 180 내지 260℃의 온도로 하고, 당해 성형 장치 내의 가스를 흡인한다. 이 조작에 의하여, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 폴리스티렌을 용융 상태로 하고, 또한, 플라스틱 내의 가스를 줄인다. 해당 상태로부터, 직경 15 내지 60 ㎜의 노즐로부터 압출하여 압축 성형한 후에, 이것을 절단하고, 절단 후 3초 이내에 수냉 장치에서 냉각한다. An object of this invention is to manufacture a high density granular material by shape | molding waste plastic. In addition, when the granular material and coal are mixed and thermally decomposed in a coke oven, it is also intended to produce high-strength coke, and the polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, which are softened at low temperature, are added in a ratio of 50% or more in total. It is used as a waste plastic raw material to contain. This waste plastic is molded using a molding method of extruding from a nozzle in a screw indenter. In the method of this invention, waste plastic is made into the temperature of 180-260 degreeC in the shaping | molding apparatus, and the gas in the shaping | molding apparatus is sucked in. By this operation, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are melted and the gas in the plastic is reduced. From this state, after extruding from a nozzle having a diameter of 15 to 60 mm and compression molding, it is cut and cooled in a water cooling apparatus within 3 seconds after cutting. 폐플라스틱, 고강도 코크스, 고밀도 입상물 Waste plastic, high strength coke, high density granular material

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING RUBBER WASTES

1. Способ обработки резиновых отходов, включающий подачу отходов в реактор в передвижном контейнере из первой камеры загрузки/выгрузки, их термолиз в реакторе в среде содержащего водяной пар теплоносителя, пропускаемого через слой отходов, с образованием газообразной и твердой фаз, вывод газообразной фазы из реактора, возврат части газообразной фазы в реактор, вывод твердой фазы из реактора путем перемещения контейнера с твердой фазой из реактора по окончании процесса термолиза в реакторе в первую камеру загрузки/выгрузки, выгрузку твердой фазы при повороте контейнера относительно продольной оси, измельчение твердой фазы и ее магнитную обработку, охлаждение газообразной фазы, отделение жидкой фазы, сконденсированной при охлаждении газообразной фазы, сжигание не сконденсированной газообразной фазы для нагрева водяного пара в теплообменнике, последующее повторение процесса, в котором подачу отходов в реактор в передвижном контейнере осуществляют из второй камеры загрузки/выгрузки, и контейнер по окончании процесса термолиза в реакторе перемещают из реактора во вторую камеру загрузки/выгрузки. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что термолиз проводят при массовом соотношении водяного пара и газообразной фазы в смеси, равном 1:(1,0-5,0). ! 3. Способ обработки резиновых отходов с получением топливной дисперсии, включающий подачу отходов в реактор в передвижном контейнере из первой камеры загрузки/выгрузки, их термолиз в реакторе в среде содержащего водяной пар теплоносителя, пропускаемого через слой отходов, с образованием газообразной и твердой фаз, вывод газообразной фазы из реактора, возврат части газообр� РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2008 137 470 (13) A (51) МПК B29B 17/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21), (22) Заявка: 2008137470/12, 19.07.2007 (71) Заявитель(и): Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "КОНСТАНТА" (RU) (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 10.01.2007 BY BY2007- ...

The biomass microwave catalytic pyrolysis method and its integrated apparatus of catalyst regeneration

本发明公开了一种催化剂再生的生物质微波催化热解方法及其一体化装置。所述方法包括如下步骤：生物质进入热解区进行热解反应后生成的固体残留物成为生物炭，热解气经生物炭层脱除焦油，进入放置有催化剂的催化区，进行进一步的裂解催化。热解区、焦油脱除区、催化重整区和催化剂再生区主要由微波加热装置供热，而催化剂再生区向外辐射的热量作为辅助供热。热解区、焦油脱除区、催化重整区接收辐射的热量，保证热解区、焦油脱除区、催化重整区快速、稳定达到设定温度。所述一体化装置将普遍分离的催化热解与催化剂再生两个过程联系在同一套装置内，实现热量的分级利用、能量利用效率高、节能环保，可广泛地适用于生物质热解领域，应用前景较广。

Device for thermal destruction of waste from polyethylene and polypropylene

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: apparatus for thermal degradation polyethylene and polypropylene wastes include thermal decomposition reactor 1, fractionating the degradation products node unit heat exchangers, equipment for the implementation of thermal catalysis supply unit with refrigerant piping. The reactor is provided with thermal degradation mobile furnace 2. The furnace is configured to disconnect from and attachment to a reactor. Node fractionating degradation products consists of series-connected heat exchanger 6, the cube-collection hydrocarbons with boiler 7, 8 dewaxer, distillation column 15 for separating fractions of diesel fuel and gasoline, a vertically mounted tubular heat exchanger 18 with the descending motion of gasoline vapor and a hydrocarbon gas. The distillation column consists of the bottom of the packed reflux condenser 14 and installed in the upper part. Dewaxer 8 consists of a packed bottom. In the heat exchanger with water cooling, the scheme of countercurrent movement phase downflow hydrocarbon vapor mixture is implemented. The apparatus comprises a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of strips of titanium, twisted into a spiral. The strips of titanium are placed in the cube-collection, the tubes in the heat exchanger, wherein the condensed high-boiling hydrocarbons from the vapor mixture, in tubes dewaxer reflux condenser and dephlegmator tubes fractionator. EFFECT: energy efficiency utilisation of organic raw process. 11 cl, 8 dwg, 2 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 621 097 C2 (51) МПК C10B 53/00 (2006.01) C10B 53/07 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ФОРМУЛА (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 2015145774, 23.10.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 23.10.2015 (72) Автор(ы): Бондаренко Александр Николаевич (UA), Молчанов Владимир Иванович (RU) 31.05.2017 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: ...

Method for obtaining synthesis gas with a given ratio between the volume content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by means of multi-stage pyrolytic conversion of biomass

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for production from plant biomass, which can be used in the power industry and in a number of chemical industries. Method is carried out by passing the processed biomass stage of pyrolysis in the section, heated to a temperature of 600 °C, and the volatile pyrolysis products released during the thermal decomposition of biomass are filtered through the coal residue formed at the pyrolysis stage into the second independently heated section at a temperature of 1000 °C. At the same time, before being directed to a device for thermal conversion to carbon monoxide and hydrogen, biomass is subjected to low-temperature pyrolysis at a temperature in the range of 200–350 °C, as a result, there is a change in its elemental composition, expressed in a change in the ratio between the content of hydrogen and oxygen, which leads to a change in the ratio between the volume content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the resulting synthesis gas and allows to obtain synthesis gas with a ratio between the volume content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the range from 1:1 to 2:1.EFFECT: technical result consists in the development of a method for producing synthesis gas with a given ratio between the volume ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.1 cl, 1 tbl, 4 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 675 864 C1 (51) МПК C10J 3/00 (2006.01) C10B 47/00 (2006.01) C08J 11/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10J 3/00 (2018.08); C10B 47/00 (2018.08); C08J 11/00 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017134398, 03.10.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 03.10.2017 (45) Опубликовано: 25.12.2018 Бюл. № 36 2 6 7 5 8 6 4 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 97727 U1, 20.09.2010. RU 2380395 C1, 27.01.2010. RU 2336296 C2, 20.10.2008. US 6133328 A1, 17.10.2000. CA 2755612 A1, ...

Side rectifier column for olefin and diluent recovery

Side rectifier column for olefin and diluent recovery

Processes and systems for olefin and diluent recovery utilizing one or more side columns, including a side rectifier column and/or a side degassing column, in combination with a heavies column.

Method for call waiting service in video telecommunication network

본 발명은 화상 호 교환을 수행하는 교환기와, 가입자 정보 및 통화 대기 서비스 가입 여부 정보를 저장하는 가입자 정보 서버를 포함하는 화상 전화망에의 통화 대기 서비스 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 통화 대기 서비스 방법은, 제1단말과 제2단말 간 화상 통화 중, 제3단말로부터 상기 제1단말로 호가 시도됨에 따라 제3교환기로부터 제1교환기로 착신이 요청되면, 상기 제1교환기가 상기 가입자 정보 서버를 통해 상기 제1단말이 통화 대기 서비스 가입자 단말인지의 여부를 판단하는 제1단계와; 상기 판단 결과, 제1단말이 통화 대기 서비스 가입자 단말인 경우, 상기 제1교환기가 상기 제1단말의 화면에 디스플레이하기 위한 상기 제3단말과의 통화 연결 메뉴, 제3단말의 호 대기 메뉴, 착신 불능 안내 메시지 전송 메뉴를 포함하는 착신 요청 텍스트 메시지를 전송하는 제2단계와; 상기 제1단말로부터 상기 착신 요청 텍스트 메시지에 대한 응답으로 특정 메뉴를 선택하는 디지트가 전송되면, 해당 선택 메뉴에 따라 제1단말과 제3단말과의 통화 연결, 제3단말의 호 대기, 제3단말로의 착신 불능 안내 메시지 전송 중 어느 하나를 수행하는 제3단계; 를 포함하여 이루어짐에 기술적 특징이 있다. The present invention relates to a call waiting service method for a video telephone network including a switch performing a video call exchange and a subscriber information server storing subscriber information and call subscription service subscription information. In the call waiting service method of the present invention, when a call is requested from a third exchange to a first exchange as a call is attempted from a third terminal to a first terminal during a video call between the first terminal and the second terminal, A first step of the exchange determining whether the first terminal is a call waiting service subscriber terminal through the subscriber information server; As a result of the determination, when the first terminal is a call waiting service subscriber terminal, the call exchange menu with the third terminal for displaying on the screen of the first terminal by the first exchange, a call waiting menu with the third terminal, and the call Transmitting a call request text message including a disable guide message transmission menu; When a digit for selecting a specific menu is transmitted in response to the incoming request text message from the first terminal, a call connection between the first terminal and the third terminal, a call waiting of the third terminal, and a third terminal are selected according to the selection menu. A third step of ...