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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 2801. Отображено 100.
12-01-2012 дата публикации

Solvent-enhanced biomass liquefaction

Номер: US20120005949A1
Автор: Alex Coulthard, Daniel EUHUS, Doug Naae, James Stevens, Jason Hicks, Kerry Spilker, Michelle Young, Paul Spindler, Subhasis Bhattacharya
Принадлежит: Catchlight Energy LLC

The present invention provides an improved method for solvent liquefaction of biomass to produce liquid products such as transportation fuel. The method uses a novel solvent combination that promotes liquefaction relatively quickly, and it reduces the need to transport large amounts of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrying solvents. It operates at lower pressure than previous methods, does not require a catalyst or hydrogen gas or CO input, and provides very high conversion of biomass into a bio-oil that can be further processed in a petroleum refinery. It also beneficially provides a way to recycle a portion of the crude liquefaction product for use as part of the solvent combination for the biomass liquefaction reaction.

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Номер записи: 1
12-01-2012 дата публикации

Systems for increasing catalyst concentration in heavy oil and/or coal resid hydrocracker

Номер: US20120009094A1
Автор: Roger K. Lott, Yu-Hwa Chang
Принадлежит: Individual

Systems for hydrocracking a heavy oil feedstock employ a colloidally or molecularly dispersed catalyst (e.g., molybdenum sulfide) which provide for concentration of the colloidally dispersed catalyst within the lower quality materials requiring additional hydrocracking. In addition to increased catalyst concentration, the inventive systems and methods provide increased reactor throughput, increased reaction rate, and of course higher conversion of asphaltenes and lower quality materials. Increased conversion levels of asphaltenes and lower quality materials also reduces equipment fouling, enables the reactor to process a wider range of lower quality feedstocks, and can lead to more efficient use of a supported catalyst if used in combination with the colloidal or molecular catalyst.

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Номер записи: 2
21-06-2012 дата публикации

Process for producing a renewable hydrocarbon fuel

Номер: US20120157729A1
Автор: Tom N. Kalnes
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for producing a renewable hydrocarbon fuel. The process can include providing a feed including a lignocellulosic material to a pyrolysis zone to produce a stream including a pyrolysis oil, providing the pyrolysis oil stream to a refining zone producing a refined stream, providing at least a portion of the refined stream to a reforming zone producing a stream including hydrogen, providing at least a portion of the hydrogen stream to the refining zone; and recovering the renewable hydrocarbon fuel from the refined stream.

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Номер записи: 3
30-08-2012 дата публикации

Optimizing Heavy Oil Recovery Processes Using Electrostatic Desalters

Номер: US20120217187A1
Автор: Arun K. Sharma, Michael F. Raterman
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention relates to improved bitumen recovery processes and systems. The process may include providing a bitumen froth feed stream, separating the stream in a froth separation unit to produce a diluted bitumen stream, treating the diluted bitumen stream in an electrostatic desalter to produce a treated bitumen stream, and separating the treated bitumen stream into a solvent recycle stream and a bitumen product stream. The system may include a combined AC/DC desalter with a control unit for optimizing the treatment process to produce a product bitumen stream using less solvent and smaller separators than conventional bitumen froth treatment plants and processes.

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Номер записи: 4
18-04-2013 дата публикации

OIL RELEASE WITH AMINO ACID-BASED COMPOUNDS HAVING A LONG CHAIN N-ACYL GROUP

Номер: US20130095562A1
Автор: Perry Michael P., Stauffer Christina S.
Принадлежит: E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Company

Chemical compounds that are N-acyl amino acids or derivatives thereof having long chain N-acyl groups were found to have oil-releasing activity. Solutions containing these compounds may be introduced into oil reservoirs or onto oil-contaminated surface sites to release oil from oil-coated surfaces. The released oil may be recovered for further processing or waste disposal. 2. The method of wherein the composition further comprises:a) one or more microorganism which grows in the presence of oil and an electron acceptor; andb) a minimal growth medium comprising a carbon source and an electron acceptor;wherein the oil-coated surface is in an oil reservoir and the microorganism inoculates the oil reservoir such that it populates and grows in the oil reservoir.3. The method of or wherein Ris H or CH.4. The method of or wherein Rand Rare both uncharged.5. The method of or wherein Ris an alkali metal cation.6. The method of wherein the alkali metal cation is Na or K.7. The method of or wherein the composition comprises a mixture of compounds of structure (XXIV).8. The method of wherein the compounds of structure (XXIV) in the mixture vary in the type of alkyl chain in the compound.9. The method of or wherein the aqueous composition comprises injection water.10. The method of wherein the oil-coated surface is in a subsurface or surface formation.11. The method of wherein the subsurface formation is an oil reservoir.12. The method of or wherein the oil-coated surface is selected from the group consisting of rock claim 9 , soil claim 9 , sand claim 9 , shale claim 9 , clay claim 9 , sediment claim 9 , sludge claim 9 , harbor dredge spoils claim 9 , refinery waste claim 9 , and mixtures thereof.13. The method of wherein the oil-coated surface is selected from the group consisting of a pipeline claim 1 , oil tank claim 1 , oil tanker claim 1 , and oil handling equipment.14Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Actinomycetes, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Schizomycetes, Corynebacteria, ...

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Номер записи: 5
25-04-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEM, APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN FROM OIL SANDS

Номер: US20130098805A1
Автор: BJORNSON BRADFORD E., DIEP JOHN KHAI-QUANG, GARNER WILLIAM NICHOLAS, Hann Thomas Charles, KIEL Darwin Edward, STRAND CRAIG AARON
Принадлежит: SUNCOR ENERGY, INC.

A separation process and system for extracting hydrocarbons from a mixture. In some embodiments, a process for separating a bitumen froth stream containing bitumen froth, water and fine solids into a bitumen enriched froth stream and a water and fine solids stream, comprises: (a) receiving the bitumen froth stream in a concentrator vessel, (b) distributing the bitumen froth stream in the concentrator vessel as a substantially uniform and generally horizontal flow of the bitumen froth stream at a first flow velocity, (c) slowing the bitumen froth stream to a second flow velocity, slower than the first flow velocity, in a separation region of the concentrator vessel to promote separation of the bitumen froth from the water and fine solids, and then (d) collecting a bitumen enriched froth stream and (e) collecting a separate water and fine solids stream. Related embodiments of systems and apparatus may also be provided. 1. A process for separating a bitumen froth stream containing bitumen froth , water and fine solids into a bitumen enriched froth stream and a water and fine solids stream , the process comprising:receiving the bitumen froth stream in a concentrator vessel;distributing the bitumen froth stream in the concentrator vessel as a substantially uniform and generally horizontal flow of the bitumen froth stream at a first flow velocity;slowing the bitumen froth stream to a second flow velocity, slower than the first flow velocity, in a separation region of the concentrator vessel to promote separation of the bitumen froth from the water and fine solids, the bitumen froth accumulating as a bitumen froth layer atop a water layer with the fine solids settling within the water layer;collecting the bitumen froth layer as the bitumen enriched froth stream; andcollecting the water layer and fine solids as the water and fine solids stream.2. The process of wherein the bitumen froth layer is continuously collected at an overflow outlet while the water layer and fine ...

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Номер записи: 6
02-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING A SOLID BIOMASS MATERIAL

Номер: US20130109892A1
Автор: GOSSELINK Johan Willem, HARRIS John William, JANSSEN Andries Hendrik, SCHAVERIEN Colin John, Van Paasen Sander, WAY Nicolaas Wilhelmus Joseph
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A process for converting a solid biomass material by contacting the solid biomass material with a catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of more than 400° C. in a riser reactor to produce one or more cracked products is provided, wherein the riser reactor is an internal riser reactor. 1. A process for converting a solid biomass material comprising contacting the solid biomass material with a catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of more than 400° C. in a riser reactor to produce at least one cracked product , wherein the riser reactor is an internal riser reactor.2. The process of wherein the solid biomass material is fed to the riser reactor as a mixture of solid biomass material and steam.3. The process of wherein the riser reactor comprises a riser reactor pipe having a diameter that increases in a downstream direction.4. The process of wherein a fluid hydrocarbon feed is also fed into the riser reactor and wherein the solid biomass material is supplied to the riser reactor at a location upstream of the location where the fluid hydrocarbon feed is supplied to the riser reactor.5. The process of wherein solid biomass material is supplied at the bottom of the riser reactor.6. The process of wherein the riser reactor comprises a bottom section and a riser reactor pipe and wherein the bottom section has a larger diameter than the riser reactor pipe.7. The process of wherein the weight ratio of catalyst to solid biomass material (catalyst:solid biomass ratio) at the location where the solid biomass material is supplied to the riser reactor lies in the range from equal to or more than 1:1 claim 1 , to equal to or less than 150:1.8. The process of wherein the fluid hydrocarbon feed is introduced to the riser reactor at a location where the solid biomass material already had a residence time in the range from equal to or more than 0.1 seconds to equal to or less than 1 seconds.9. The process of wherein the ratio between the residence time for the solid ...

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Номер записи: 7
23-05-2013 дата публикации

System and process for biomass conversion to renewable fuels with byproducts recycled to gasifier

Номер: US20130131196A1
Автор: Michael Cheiky, Rajashekharam Malyala, Vern S. Traxler
Принадлежит: Cool Planet Biofuels Inc, Cool Planet Energy Systems Inc

This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

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Номер записи: 8
06-06-2013 дата публикации

PROFITABLE METHOD FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

Номер: US20130144093A1
Автор: Abhari Ramin
Принадлежит:

The present invention generally relates to a method for sequestering carbon dioxide. Biomass is converted into paraffinic hydrocarbons. The paraffinic hydrocarbons are steam cracked into olefins. The olefins are polymerized into non-biodegradable polyolefins. 1. A method comprising steam cracking paraffinic hydrocarbons into olefins , wherein the paraffinic hydrocarbons are derived from a biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paraffinic hydrocarbons are produced by gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch conversion3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the biomass is wood chips.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paraffinic hydrocarbons are produced by the hydrotreating of fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters are oils from plants.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters are fats from animals.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters are oils from algae.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the algae are grown in ponds and/or photo-bioreactors with COsupplied from stationary emission sources.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the stationary emission source is a coal-fired power plant.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefins comprise ethylene claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , butenes claim 1 , and butadiene.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein bio-derived hydrogen is produced as byproduct of steam cracking.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein bio-derived pyrolysis gasoline is produced as byproduct of steam cracking.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pyrolysis gasoline is used as motor gasoline blend stock.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the pyrolysis gasoline is hydrogenated prior to use as motor gasoline.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein bio-derived fuel gas is produced as byproduct of steam cracking.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis fuel oil yield is less than 1 wt % of the paraffinic ...

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Номер записи: 9
13-06-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE PYROLYTIC EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBON FROM OIL SHALE

Номер: US20130146507A1
Автор: Weisselberg Edward
Принадлежит: WYSSMONT COMPANY INC.

A method for the pyrolytic extraction of hydrocarbons such as shale oil from kerogen. Oil shale containing kerogen which has been ground into particulate form, is cascaded downwardly between a plurality of rotating trays within a heated processing chamber. As the hydrocarbons are volatized within the chamber, the volatiles are collected and condensed within a condenser or other suitable recovery apparatus. 1. A method for extracting hydrocarbons from oil shale containing kerogen , said method comprising:supplying oil shale in particulate form to a material processing chamber having an upper processing zone and a lower processing zone, said material processing chamber including a plurality of vertically displaced material supports extending between said upper processing zone and said lower processing zone;passing said oil shale downwardly within said material processing chamber from one material support to another underlying material support;applying heat within said upper processing zone at a first temperature and said lower processing zone at a second temperature within said material processing chamber for volatizing said hydrocarbons from said kerogen, wherein said first temperature is lower than said second temperature;discharging a first volatized oil shale component from said upper processing zone within said material processing chamber;discharging a second volatized oil shale component comprising at least shale oil from said lower processing zone within said material processing chamber;condensing at least the volatized shale oil component; anddischarging the residual oil shale from said material processing chamber.2. The method of claim 1 , further including supplying said oil shale in particulate form in the range of about 15 to 325 mesh size.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residual of said oil shale discharged from said chamber is substantially free of organic contaminants.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lower processing zone is heated to a ...

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Номер записи: 10
13-06-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF CARBON-BASED MATERIAL BY A HYBRID ROUTE COMBINING DIRECT LIQUEFACTION AND INDIRECT LIQUEFACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN RESULTING FROM NON-FOSSIL RESOURCES

Номер: US20130149767A1
Автор: MARION Pierre, Quignard Alain, WEISS Wilfried
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

A process for the conversion of carbon-based material to fuel bases by a hybrid route combining direct ebullent bed liquefaction and indirect liquefaction by gasification followed by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, including a stage of production of hydrogen resulting from non-fossil resources and a reverse water gas reaction stage. This process makes it possible to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. 1. Process for the conversion of carbon-based material to fuel bases , comprising the following stages:a) liquefaction of at least a portion of the said carbon-based material in the presence of hydrogen in at least one reactor comprising a supported catalyst as an ebullated bed,b) separation of the effluent obtained on conclusion of stage a) into at least one light fraction of fuel base hydrocarbons and a residual fraction comprising compounds boiling at at least 340° C.,c) production of hydrogen using at least one non-fossil resource, the hydrogen thus produced being at least in part introduced into the liquefaction stage a), and the subsequent reverse water gas reaction stage e) and subsequent Fischer-Tropsch reaction stage f),{'sub': '2', 'd) gasification of a portion of the carbon-based material and/or of a portion at least of the residual fraction resulting from stage b) in order to produce synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, CO and CO, and a residual fraction from the gasification,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'e) separation of a portion at least of the COpresent in the synthesis gas and conversion of the separated COby a reverse water gas reaction in the presence of hydrogen resulting from stage c), to produce CO and water,'}f) conversion of the synthesis gas, supplemented with at least a portion of the CO resulting from stage e) and at least a portion of hydrogen resulting from stage c), by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to give fuel bases.2. Process according to claim 1 , in which the said non-fossil resource is water claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , hydrogen chloride claim ...

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Номер записи: 11
27-06-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for Removing Material from Bitumen-Containing Solvent

Номер: US20130161238A1
Автор: Joshi Mahendra, Salazar Jose Armando, Zelnik Dominic J.
Принадлежит: MARATHON OIL CANADA CORPORATION

Methods and systems for preparing bitumen-laden solvent for downstream processing are described. The bitumen-laden solvent can be treated with various materials, such as water and emulsion breakers, followed by treating the bitumen-laden solvent in a desalter. The desalted bitumen-laden solvent can then be subjected to downstream processing, such as upgrading in a nozzle reactor. 1. A method of removing material from bitumen-containing solvent , the material removing method comprising the steps of:(i) providing a bitumen-containing solvent stream;(ii) mixing the bitumen-containing solvent stream and a water stream;(iii) introducing the mixture of the bitumen-containing solvent stream and the water stream in a desalter to remove solid particles from the mixture;(iv) removing a desalted bitumen-containing solvent stream from the desalter; and(iv) subjecting the desalted bitumen-containing solvent stream to downstream processing.2. The material removing method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the bitumen-containing solvent stream provided in step i) comprises from 0 to 35% solvent and from 100 to 65% bitumen.3. The material removing method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the solvent component of the bitumen-containing solvent stream comprises an aromatic solvent claim 2 , a paraffinic solvent claim 2 , or a polar solvent.4. The material removing method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the bitumen-containing solvent stream comprises inorganic salts.5. The material removing method as recited in claim 1 , wherein prior to processing the mixture in the desalter claim 1 , the mixture is heated to a temperature in the range of from 80 to 120 ° C.6. The material removing method as recited in claim 1 , wherein prior to mixing the bitumen-containing solvent stream and the water stream claim 1 , the bitumen-containing solvent stream is heated to a temperature in the range of from 100 to 140° C.7. The material removing method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the mixture includes ...

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Номер записи: 12
04-07-2013 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING PLANTS AND CONVERTING CELLULOSIC RESIDUE TO CRUDE BIO-OILS

Номер: US20130167603A1
Автор: BATHURST Christopher Francis, WATSON James Douglas
Принадлежит:

A continuous flow wood processing technology for extracting lignin from woody plant material and converting the delignified cellulosic residue to crude bio-oils is provided. Wood is chipped before processing starts and fed into a lignin extractor. The lignin extractor uses ethanol at high temperatures to dissolve the lignin with counter current material contactors. The ethanol containing dissolved lignin is removed from the lignin extractor, the dissolved lignin recovered, the ethanol and residual heat being recycled into the lignin extractor. The delignified cellulosic pulp is removed from the lignin extractor and subjected to a milling operation to convert the pulp into a smooth sludge for entry to a bio-convertor by a super critical water process. The product from this convertor is hydrocarbon sludge with a principal component being a kerogen. In a separate process crude oil is extracted from this sludge and the residue is prepared as a high phosphate Fertilizer. 2. The method of wherein the plant biomass is woody plant biomass.3. The method of further comprising drying the residual sludge to produce high phosphate fertilizer.4. The method of wherein the residual sludge is dried on a heated auger conveyor whereupon liquid both drains from the sludge and is vaporized.5. The method of wherein the vaporized liquid is drawn into a cooler for partial condensation to form condensed vapor.6. The method of wherein light hydrocarbon from the condensed vapor and liquid drained from auger is recycled.7. The method of wherein the woody biomass is selected from the group consisting essentially of plantation forestry claim 2 , plantation crops such as vineyards claim 2 , orchards claim 2 , palm oil plantations claim 2 , grasses claim 2 , sawmills claim 2 , wood fiber and urban waste8. The method of wherein the ethanol is aqueous and is 70% ethanol.9. The method of wherein the ethanol is aqueous and is 60-80% ethanol.10. The method of wherein the temperature in the unit is ...

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Номер записи: 13
11-07-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR MAKING A DISTILLATE PRODUCT AND/OR C2-C4 OLEFINS

Номер: US20130178672A1
Автор: CHEN Ye-Mon, HARRIS John William, NIESKENS Martin Jean Pierre Cornelis, RANGANATHAN Easwar Santhosh, SCHAVERIEN Colin John
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A process for making a distillate product and one or more C2-C4 olefins from a FCC feedstock containing a cellulosic material and a hydrocarbon co-feed is provided. 1. A process for making a distillate product and one or more C2-C4 olefins comprising:a) contacting a FCC feedstock with a FCC catalyst at a temperature of at least 400° C. in a riser reactor to produce a distillate product and a spent FCC catalyst, wherein the FCC feedstock comprises a cellulosic material and a hydrocarbon co-feed;b) separating at least a portion of the distillate product from the spent FCC catalyst;c) regenerating the spent FCC catalyst to produce a regenerated FCC catalyst;d) contacting an intermediate reactor feedstock with at least a portion of the regenerated FCC catalyst at a temperature of at least 500° C. in an intermediate reactor to produce one or more C2-C4 olefins and a used regenerated FCC catalyst;e) separating at least a portion of the one or more C2-C4 olefins from the used regenerated catalyst; andf) providing at least a portion of the used regenerated FCC catalyst as FCC catalyst in step a).2. The process of wherein the FCC feedstock comprises a hydrocarbon co-feed and at least one cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of a solid cellulosic material claim 1 , a pyrolysis oil derived from cellulosic material claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.3. The process of wherein the hydrocarbon co-feed comprises at least 8 wt % elemental hydrogen claim 1 , based on the total weight of the hydrocarbon co-feed on a dry basis.4. The process of wherein the hydrocarbon co-feed comprises in the range from at least 20 wt % to at most 100 wt % of at least one paraffin claim 1 , based on the total weight of the hydrocarbon co-feed.5. The process of wherein the combination of the cellulosic material and the hydrocarbon co-feed has an overall molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon (H/C) of equal to or more than 1.1 (1.1/1).6. The process of wherein the cellulosic material is a solid ...

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Номер записи: 14
18-07-2013 дата публикации

Methods for Producing Hydrocarbon Products from Bio-Oils and/or Coal-Oils

Номер: US20130184505A1
Автор: Maxwell Ian Ernest
Принадлежит: IGNITE ENERGY RESOURCES LIMITED

The present invention relates to a method for producing a hydrocarbon product from coal and/or biomass comprising the following steps: converting the coal to a coal-oil and/or converting the biomass to bio-oil, optionally processing the coal-oil and/or bio-oil in a hydroprocessing reaction to remove one or more of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur from hydrocarbon compounds in the coal-oil and/or bio-oil; and using at least a portion of the coal-oil and/or bio-oil as a feedstock in a cracking reaction to convert hydrocarbon compounds in the feedstock into a mixture of smaller hydrocarbon compounds comprising the hydrocarbon product. 1. A method for producing a hydrocarbon product from coal comprising the following steps:converting the coal to a coal-oil by thermal or hydrothermal conversion;processing the coal-oil in a hydroprocessing reaction to remove one or more of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur from hydrocarbon compounds in the coal-oil; andusing at least a portion of the coal-oil as a feedstock in a cracking reaction to convert hydrocarbon compounds in the feedstock into a mixture of smaller hydrocarbon compounds comprising the hydrocarbon product.2. A method for producing a hydrocarbon product from biomass comprising the following steps:converting the biomass to bio-oil by thermal or hydrothermal conversion;processing the bio-oil in a hydroprocessing reaction to remove one or more of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur from hydrocarbon compounds in the bio-oil; andusing at least a portion of the bio-oil as a feedstock in a cracking reaction to convert hydrocarbon compounds in the feedstock into a mixture of smaller hydrocarbon compounds comprising the hydrocarbon product.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feedstock is comprised of at least:(i) 50% of said bio-oil and said hydrocarbon product is at least a 50% renewable product;(ii) 75% of said bio-oil and said hydrocarbon product is at least a 75% renewable product; or(iii) 90% of said bio-oil and said hydrocarbon product is ...

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Номер записи: 15
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Method for dispersing and aggregating components of mineral slurries and high-molecular weight multivalent polymers for clay aggregation

Номер: US20130186838A1
Автор: Edwin T. Sortwell
Принадлежит: Sortwell and Co

The disclosure relates generally to the use of polymers to assist in aggregating mineral components in aqueous mineral slurries to release and separate individual components of the slurry, which may then be recovered from the slurry.

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Номер записи: 16
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Vertically compactable fluid transfer device

Номер: US20130206270A1
Автор: Hamidreza Ghorbani, James W. Patten, Kyle Chomyn
Принадлежит: Red Leaf Resources Inc

A vertically compactable fluid transfer device ( 10 ) can include a lateral fluid transfer conduit ( 12 ) to convey a fluid transfer fluid therethrough and to be supported by particles ( 16 ) packed to a first density. Additionally, the device ( 10 ) can include a riser ( 14 ) coupled to, and in fluid communication with, the lateral fluid transfer conduit ( 12 ). The riser ( 14 ) can be vertically compactable by at least 20% while maintaining structural integrity when the lateral fluid transfer conduit lowers as the supporting particles ( 16 ) pack to a second density, which is higher than the first density.

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Номер записи: 17
12-09-2013 дата публикации

Method for tiered production of biobased chemicals and biofuels from lignin

Номер: US20130232852A1
Автор: Benjamin M.T. Scott, John R. Peterson, Vladimir Romakh
Принадлежит: Thesis Chemistry LLC

The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

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Номер записи: 18
19-09-2013 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTING HYDROCARBONS BY STAGED HEATING

Номер: US20130245345A1
Автор: Hutchon Bruce
Принадлежит: Utopial Limited

Embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing material by pyrolysis, the apparatus comprising: a first reactor arranged to heat the material to a first temperature, the apparatus being operable to extract from the first reactor gaseous hydrocarbons evolved from the material therein; and a second reactor having an inlet coupled to an outlet of the first reactor wherein material in the first reactor may be transferred to the second reactor substantially without exposure to oxygen, the second reactor being arranged to receive material heated in the first reactor and to heat the material to a second temperature greater than the first temperature, the apparatus being operable to extract from the second reactor gaseous hydrocarbons evolved from the material therein. 1. Apparatus for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing material by pyrolysis , the apparatus comprising:a first reactor arranged to heat the material to a first temperature substantially in the absence of oxygen, the apparatus being operable to extract from the first reactor gaseous hydrocarbons evolved from the material therein; anda second reactor having an inlet coupled to an outlet of the first reactor wherein material in the first reactor may be transferred to the second reactor substantially without exposure to oxygen, the second reactor being arranged to receive material heated in the first reactor and to heat the material to a second temperature greater than the first temperature,the apparatus being operable to extract from the second reactor gaseous hydrocarbons evolved from the material therein.2. Apparatus as claimed in operable to control a rate of flow of material through the reactor responsive to a rate of loss of weight of material in the reactor.3. Apparatus as claimed in operable to control a temperature of material in the reactor responsive to a rate of loss of weight of material in the reactor.4. Apparatus as ...

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Номер записи: 19
14-11-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING DROP-IN DIESEL

Номер: US20130298456A1
Автор: Morris Timothy J., Udwin Leon
Принадлежит: Drop-In BioEnergy, LLC

Methods are disclosed for producing renewable diesel from hydrocarbon-containing feedstock using microwave energy and hydrotreatment. 1. A method for producing a fuel , comprising:forming pellets comprising at least one hydrocarbon-containing feedstock and at least one catalyst; crude oil;', 'biochar; and', [{'sub': '2', 'H;'}, 'CO; and', {'sub': '2', 'optionally, CO;'}], 'optionally, syngas comprising], 'depolymerizing said hydrocarbon-containing feedstock in the presence of said catalyst using high-frequency microwave energy at a temperature of about 275° C. and 350° C. to form a composition comprising{'sub': '2', 'reacting said crude oil with Hto remove impurities and to form an upgraded crude oil; and'}distilling said upgrading crude oil to form a phenol fraction and a diesel fraction.2. A method of claim 1 , further comprising:blending said diesel fraction with at least one additive.3. A method of claim 1 , further comprising:blending said diesel fraction with at least one fossil fuel.4. A method of claim 1 ,wherein said depolymerizing step is carried out at a temperature of about 280° C.5. A method of claim 1 ,wherein said pellets have a density sufficient to permit said depolymerizing step and said hydrotreating step without substantially mechanically degrading said pellets.6. A method of claim 1 , further comprising:drying said hydrocarbon-containing feedstock prior to forming said pellets.7. A method of claim 6 , further comprising:combusting at least a portion of said syngas in said drying step.8. A method of claim 1 , further comprising:recovering heat from said biochar to form a cooled biochar.9. A method of claim 8 , further comprising:storing said cooled biochar.10. A method of claim 1 , further comprising:storing said phenol fraction.11. A method of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol fraction comprises methoxyphenol.12. A method of claim 1 , further comprising:storing said diesel fraction.13. A method of claim 1 ,wherein said catalyst is a zeolite.14. A ...

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Номер записи: 20
21-11-2013 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING BIOMASS MATERIAL

Номер: US20130305598A1
Автор: HAMILTON Phillip Guy, Kreitman Keith Michael, Radtke Corey William
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Embodiments of the present invention provide for production and recovery of volatile organic compounds and higher hydrocarbons from biomass material. One embodiment comprises contacting a solid component of a biomass material with a digestive solvent to form a digested biomass stream, and at least a portion of the digested biomass is further thermocatalytically treated to generate higher hydrocarbons. The solid component is generated by a method comprising introducing a biomass material to a compartment of a solventless recovery system, wherein the biomass material contains one or more volatile organic compounds; contacting the biomass material with a superheated vapor stream in the compartment to vaporize at least a portion of an initial liquid content in the biomass material; separating a vapor component and a solid component from the heated biomass material; retaining at least a portion of the gas component for use as part of the superheated vapor stream. 1. A method for processing a biomass material comprising:introducing a biomass material to a compartment of a solventless recovery system, wherein the biomass material contains one or more volatile organic compounds;contacting the biomass material with a superheated vapor stream in the compartment to vaporize at least a portion of an initial liquid content in the biomass material, said superheated vapor stream comprising at least one volatile organic compound;separating a vapor component and a solid component from the heated biomass material, said vapor component comprising at least one volatile organic compound;retaining at least a portion of the gas component for use as part of the superheated vapor stream;discharging the solid component from the solventless recovery system;contacting at least a portion of the solid component with a digestive solvent to form a digested biomass stream comprising carbohydrates;contacting the digested biomass stream with molecular hydrogen in the presence of a molecular hydrogen ...

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Номер записи: 21
05-12-2013 дата публикации

Systems and Methods For Hydrotreating A Shale Oil Stream Using Hydrogen Gas That Is Concentrated From The Shale Oil Stream

Номер: US20130319662A1
Автор: Alvarez Emilio, Deckman Harry W., Hershkowitz Frank, Meurer William P., Palmer Thomas R.
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods for hydrotreating a liquid fraction of a shale oil stream using hydrogen gas that is concentrated from a gaseous fraction of the shale oil stream. The systems and methods include providing a portion of the gaseous fraction to a sorptive separation assembly and separating a concentrated hydrogen stream from the portion of the gaseous fraction within the sorptive separation assembly. The system and methods further include providing the concentrated hydrogen stream and the liquid fraction to a hydrotreater and reacting the concentrated hydrogen stream with the liquid fraction within the hydrotreater to produce the hydrotreated liquid stream. The systems and methods may include generating the shale oil stream within a subterranean formation using an in situ process, such as an in situ shale oil conversion process and/or providing a supplemental hydrogen stream to the hydrotreater. 1. A method of hydrotreating a liquid fraction of a shale oil stream with hydrogen gas concentrated from a gaseous fraction of the shale oil stream , the method comprising:separating the liquid fraction of the shale oil stream from the gaseous fraction of the shale oil stream;providing a portion of the gaseous fraction to a sorptive separation assembly;separating, in the sorptive separation assembly, a concentrated hydrogen stream from the portion of the gaseous fraction;providing the concentrated hydrogen stream and the liquid fraction to a hydrotreater; andreacting, in the hydrotreater, the concentrated hydrogen stream with the liquid fraction to produce a hydrotreated liquid stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further includes generating the shale oil stream within a subterranean formation using at least one of a pyrolysis reaction claim 1 , an in situ pyrolysis reaction claim 1 , a shale oil retort process claim 1 , a shale oil heat treating process claim 1 , a hydrogenation reaction claim 1 , a thermal dissolution process claim 1 , and an in situ shale ...

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Номер записи: 22
05-12-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CONVERTING A HYDROCARBONACEOUS MATERIAL TO A FLUID HYDROCARBON PRODUCT COMPRISING P-XYLENE

Номер: US20130324772A1
Автор: CHENG YU-TING, FAN Wei, HUBER GEORGE W., Wang Zhuopeng
Принадлежит: University of Massachusetts

The invention relates to a method for producing a fluid hydrocarbon product, and more specifically, to a method for producing a fluid hydrocarbon product via catalytic pyrolysis. The reactants comprise hydrocarbonaceous materials (e.g., biomass). The catalyst comprises a zeolite catalyst treated with a silicone compound. The product comprises p-xylene. 1. A method for producing a fluid hydrocarbon product comprising p-xylene from a hydrocarbonaceous material , comprising:feeding the hydrocarbonaceous material to a reactor;pyrolyzing within the reactor at least a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous material under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a pyrolysis product; andcatalytically reacting at least a portion of the pyrolysis product under reaction conditions in the presence of a zeolite catalyst to produce the fluid hydrocarbon product;the zeolite catalyst comprising pores with pore mouth openings and catalytic sites on the external surface of the catalyst, and an effective amount of a treatment layer derived from a silicone compound to reduce the size of the pore mouth openings and to render at least some of the catalytic sites on the external surface of the catalyst inaccessible to the pyrolysis product.2. The method of wherein catalytic sites are positioned in the pores near the pore mouth openings claim 1 , and the treatment layer renders at least some of the catalytic sites in the pores near the pore mouth openings inaccessible to the pyrolysis product.3. The method of or wherein the fluid hydrocarbon product comprises xylenes with a p-xylene selectivity in the xylenes of at least about 40% claim 1 , or at least about 45% claim 1 , or at least about 50% claim 1 , or at least about 55% claim 1 , or at least about 60% claim 1 , or at least about 65% claim 1 , or at least about 70% claim 1 , or at least about 75% claim 1 , or at least about 80% claim 1 , or at least about 85% claim 1 , or at least about 90%.4. The method of any of the preceding claims ...

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Номер записи: 23
19-12-2013 дата публикации

HYDROPYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS FOR PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY LIQUID FUELS

Номер: US20130338412A1
Автор: FELIX Larry G., LINCK Martin B., Marker Terry L.
Принадлежит: GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

A self-sustaining process for producing liquid fuels from biomass in which the biomass is hydropyrolyzed in a reactor vessel containing molecular hydrogen and a deoxygenating catalyst, producing a partially deoxygenated pyrolysis liquid, which is hydrogenated using a hydroconversion catalyst, producing a substantially fully deoxygenated pyrolysis liquid and a gaseous mixture comprising CO and light hydrocarbon gases (C-C). The gaseous mixture is reformed in a steam reformer, producing reformed molecular hydrogen, which is then introduced into the reactor vessel for hydropyrolizing the biomass. The deoxygenated liquid product is further processed to produce diesel fuel and gasoline. 1. (canceled)2. A process for a producing a liquid hydrocarbon-containing product from biomass , the process comprising:(a) pyrolyzing the biomass in the presence of hydrogen and a deoxygenation catalyst to provide a hydropyrolysis effluent comprising a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char, and(b) hydroconverting the partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in the presence of a hydroconversion catalyst to provide a hydroconversion effluent comprising the liquid hydrocarbon-containing product and a water-containing product,wherein deoxygenation in step (a) and hydroconversion in step (b) are carried out to an extent whereby the liquid hydrocarbon-containing product has sufficiently low oxygen content to be phase-separable from the water-containing product.3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising(c) separating the liquid hydrocarbon-containing product from the water-containing product by phase separation.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , following separation in step (c) claim 3 , the water-containing product contains less than 2000 ppm dissolved total organic carbon (TOC).5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the hydroconversion reactor effluent further comprises a gaseous mixture comprising CO and C-Chydrocarbons claim 3 , the process further ...

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Номер записи: 24
02-01-2014 дата публикации

BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS PROVIDING INTEGRATED STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLYSATE USING A SLURRY CATALYST FOLLOWING BIOMASS PRETREATMENT AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF

Номер: US20140000153A1
Автор: POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит:

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids to form a hydrolysate may be conducted with integrated catalytic reduction during digestion to transform soluble carbohydrates in the hydrolysate into a more stable reaction product. Such integrated catalytic reduction may be conducted using a slurry catalyst. Biomass conversion systems for performing integrated catalytic reduction can comprise: a hydrothermal digestion unit that contains a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; an optional hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the hydrothermal digestion unit; a fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit, the catalytic reduction reactor unit also containing the slurry catalyst; a pretreatment digestion unit that is not part of the fluid circulation loop and does not contain the slurry catalyst; and a solids transport mechanism operatively connecting the pretreatment digestion unit to the hydrothermal digestion unit. 1. A biomass conversion system comprising:a hydrothermal digestion unit that contains a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen;an optional hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the hydrothermal digestion unit;a fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit, the catalytic reduction reactor unit also containing the slurry catalyst;a pretreatment digestion unit that is not part of the fluid circulation loop and does not contain the slurry catalyst; anda solids transport mechanism operatively connecting the pretreatment digestion unit to the hydrothermal digestion unit.2. The biomass conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the solids transport mechanism operatively connects the bottom of the pretreatment digestion unit to the top of the hydrothermal digestion unit.30. The biomass conversion system of claim claim 1 , wherein the solids transport mechanism is capable of conveying a biomass ...

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Номер записи: 25
02-01-2014 дата публикации

BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS PROVIDING INTEGRATED STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLYSATE USING A SLURRY CATALYST AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF

Номер: US20140000154A1
Автор: POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит:

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids to form a hydrolysate may be conducted with integrated catalytic reduction during digestion to transform soluble carbohydrates in the hydrolysate into a more stable reaction product. Such integrated catalytic reduction may be conducted using a slurry catalyst. Biomass conversion systems for performing integrated catalytic reduction can comprise: a hydrothermal digestion unit that contains a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; an optional hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the hydrothermal digestion unit; and a fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit, the catalytic reduction reactor unit also containing the slurry catalyst. 1. A biomass conversion system comprising:a hydrothermal digestion unit that contains a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen;an optional hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the hydrothermal digestion unit; anda fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit, the catalytic reduction reactor unit also containing the slurry catalyst.2. The biomass conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid circulation loop is configured to establish upward fluid flow in the hydrothermal digestion unit.3. The biomass conversion system of claim 1 , further comprising:a retention mechanism within the hydrothermal digestion unit that is operable to retain cellulosic biomass solids having a particle size of about 3 mm or above.4. The biomass conversion system of claim 1 , further comprising:a reaction product takeoff line in fluid communication with the fluid circulation loop, the reaction product takeoff line being located between the hydrothermal digestion unit and an outlet of the catalytic reduction reactor unit.5. The biomass conversion system of claim 4 , further comprising:a solids separation mechanism that is operatively ...

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Номер записи: 26
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Integrated Oil Production and Upgrading Using Molten Alkali Metal

Номер: US20140014558A1
Автор: Gordon John Howard
Принадлежит:

A method that combines the oil retorting process (or other process needed to obtain/extract heavy oil or bitumen) with the process for upgrading these materials using sodium or other alkali metals. Specifically, the shale gas or other gases that are obtained from the retorting/extraction process may be introduced into the upgrading reactor and used to upgrade the oil feedstock. Also, the solid materials obtained from the reactor may be used as a fuel source, thereby providing the heat necessary for the retorting/extraction process. Other forms of integration are also disclosed. 1. A method for upgrading an oil feedstock comprising:retorting oil shale to produce shale oil and shale gas;upgrading the shale oil using an alkali metal, wherein shale gas obtained from the retorting step is used as the reactant gas in the upgrading step.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the shale gas comprises a quantity of hydrogen sulfide claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen sulfide is added to the shale oil during the upgrading step.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upgrading step produces a solid material containing organic matter claim 1 , wherein this solid material is used to provide heat during the retorting step.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upgrading step produces a solid material containing organic matter claim 1 , wherein this solid material is used as a feedstock in the retorting step.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upgrading step produces a solid material containing organic matter claim 1 , wherein this solid material is used during the retorting step.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upgrading step produces products a solid material claim 1 , wherein the solid material is used produce power for an electrolytic regeneration of the alkali metal.7. A method for upgrading a heavy oil or bitumen from oil sands comprisingheating the oil sands to cause the heavy oil or bitumen to flow, wherein a gas is also produced by this heating;upgrading the heavy oil or ...

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Номер записи: 27
30-01-2014 дата публикации

OLEFIN CONDITIONING IN A FAST CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS RECYCLE PROCESS

Номер: US20140031583A1
Автор: Mazanec Terry, Norenberg Greg, Pesa Fred, Whiting Jeff
Принадлежит:

This invention relates to improvements in the fast pyrolysis of biomass. In this invention, olefins are separated from the effluent stream of a pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the olefins are treated and the resulting treated stream recycled to the pyrolysis reactor for further conversion to valuable, useful products. 1. A method for producing one or more fluid hydrocarbon products from a hydrocarbonaceous material , comprising:feeding a hydrocarbonaceous material is fed to a reactor;pyrolyzing at least a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous material within the reactor under reaction conditions sufficient to produce one or more pyrolysis products;separating the products into at least a first fraction and a second fraction, where the first fraction comprises at least one olefin;treating the first fraction by adding a chemical compound and/or reacting at least some of the olefins in the first fraction to produce a treated fraction; andadding the treated fraction to a pyrolysis reactor.2. The method of wherein the treated fraction is recycled to the same reactor that produced the pyrolysis products.3. The method of wherein the step of treating comprises one or any combination of the following steps: conversion of olefins to alcohols or ethers; addition of radical inhibiting agents; low temperature (80-400° C.) polymerization of olefins;reaction with CO to form carboxylic acids; alkylation to form alkylated aromatics, and hydrogenation of alkynes to olefins.4. The method of wherein a gaseous product stream from the reactor is separated into an olefin poor and olefin rich stream claim 1 , and at least a portion of the olefin rich stream coming from an olefins separator is treated before mixing with a full recycle gas stream claim 1 , thereby reducing the volume to be treated.5. The method of wherein one or more fluid hydrocarbon products are produced from the pyrolysis products by a treatment selected from the group consisting of dehydration claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 28
30-01-2014 дата публикации

BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS CONTAINING A MOVING BED CATALYST FOR STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLSATE AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF

Номер: US20140031599A1
Автор: Komplin Glenn Charles, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids to form a hydrolysate may be conducted with in situ catalytic reduction to transform soluble carbohydrates in the hydrolysate into a more stable reaction product. Biomass conversion systems for performing such a transformation can comprise: a hydrothermal digestion unit that also contains a first catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, the first catalyst being fluidly mobile within the hydrothermal digestion unit; an optional hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the hydrothermal digestion unit; a fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a second catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; and a catalyst transport mechanism external to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the catalyst transport mechanism being capable of conveying at least a portion of the first catalyst to another location from a catalyst collection zone located within the hydrothermal digestion unit. 1. A biomass conversion system comprising:a hydrothermal digestion unit that also contains a first catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, the first catalyst being fluidly mobile within the hydrothermal digestion unit;an optional hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the hydrothermal digestion unit;a fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a second catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; anda catalyst transport mechanism external to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the catalyst transport mechanism being capable of conveying at least a portion of the first catalyst to another location from a catalyst collection zone located within the hydrothermal digestion unit.2. The biomass conversion system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the first catalyst is non-buoyant in a fluid phase.3. The biomass conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 29
06-03-2014 дата публикации

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR CONTINUOUS LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20140059921A1
Автор: Hensley Daniel L., Weaver Daniel C., Weaver Samuel C., Weaver Samuel P.
Принадлежит:

Methods, systems, and devices for continuous production of liquid fuels from biomass are provided. Some embodiments utilize a thermochemical process to produce a bio-oil in parallel with a thermochemical process to produce a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. Both product streams may be fed into a third reaction chamber that may enrich the bio-oil with the hydrogen gas, for example, in a continuous production process. One product stream may include a liquid fuel such as diesel. Some embodiments may also produce other product streams including, but not limited to, electrical power generation and/or biochar. 1. A method of continuous liquid fuel production utilizing biomass , the method comprising:receiving one or more biomass feedstocks;utilizing a first portion of the one or more biomass feedstocks to produce synthesis gas from a first thermochemical process;utilizing a second portion of the one or more biomass feedstocks to produce bio-oil from a second thermochemical process; andgenerating a liquid fuel through combining the produced synthesis gas and the produced bio-oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first thermochemical process comprises:combining water with the first portion of the one or more biomass feedstocks to from a wet biomass feedstock;transferring the wet biomass feedstock to a reaction chamber; andheating the wet biomass feedstock within the reaction chamber such that the elements comprised by the wet biomass feedstock dissociate and react to form at least the synthesis gas.3. The method of claim 2 , where the elements comprises by the wet biomass feedstock dissociate and react through a non-oxidation reaction to form at least the synthesis gas.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the non-oxidation reaction comprises a hydrous pyrolysis reaction.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas comprises hydrogen gas.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more biomass feedstocks comprises at least cellulose claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , or ...

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Номер записи: 30
13-03-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR MAKING RENEWABLE FUELS INCLUDING GASOLINE, DIESEL, AND JET FUEL

Номер: US20140073708A1
Автор: Cheiky Michael C., MALYALA RAJASHEKHARAM, Sills Ronald A.
Принадлежит: Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc.

Multiple catalytic processing stations coupled with a system which produces volatile gas streams from biomass decomposition at discrete increasing temperatures or constant temperature. These catalytic processing stations can be programmed to maximize conversion of biomass to jet fuel components. The system may also include a processing station for subjecting biomass within the stations to at least one programmable starting temperature (T) and for incrementing an individual processing station temperature by programmable increments (ΔT) to produce a volatile and a non-volatile component. Further, methods for converting biomass and char to renewable jet fuel, diesel, and kerosene are disclosed. 1. A system for the conversion of biomass to diesel or jet fuel , comprising:a device containing a number of processing stations (N) and a series of catalysts;{'sub': 'start', 'each processing station capable of subjecting biomass within the station to at least one starting temperature (T) to produce a volatile and a non-volatile component;'}at least one catalyst reactor for receiving volatile components generated in each processing station; andwherein, the at least one catalyst reactor contains a catalyst selected from the group consisting of: dehydration catalysts, olefin oligomerization catalysts and hydrotreating catalysts.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising additional catalyst reactors.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the additional catalyst reactors are used in series.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the additional catalyst reactors are used in parallel.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature controller for incrementing an individual processing station temperature by increments (ΔT).6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-volatile component is a carbonaceous material.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a gasifier for converting the carbonaceous material to syngas.8. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a conduit from the ...

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Номер записи: 31
13-03-2014 дата публикации

Rotating Fluidized Bed Catalytic Pyrolysis Reactor

Номер: US20140073822A1
Автор: Julson James, Wei Lin
Принадлежит: South Dakota State University

Reactors for the pyrolysis of pyrolyzable matter, pyrolysis systems incorporating the reactors and methods of using the reactors are provided. Also provided are systems and methods for integrating the pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolyzable matter. The pyrolysis reactors create a horizontally rotating, fluidized-bed to which pyrolyzable matter, such as biomass, may be converted via pyrolysis into liquid fuels and/or value-added chemicals. 1. A reactor for pyrolysis comprising:a horizontal, rotatable reactor drum comprising an annular wall disposed around a horizontal axis, wherein the annular wall is permeable to particulate material;a rotation drive connected to the rotatable reactor drum and configured to rotate the rotatable reactor drum about the horizontal axis;a feed conduit configured to transport pyrolyzable matter from a source of pyrolyzable matter into the rotatable reactor drum; anda reaction chamber in which the rotatable reactor drum and at least a portion of the feed conduit are housed.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the annular wall defines a plurality of holes that extend through the annular wall claim 1 , the holes having diameters in the range from about 0.5 to about 30 mm.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber forms an annular space around the rotatable reactor drum and at least a portion of the feed conduit claim 1 , and further wherein the annular space is in fluid communication with the rotatable reactor drum claim 1 , such that vapor-phase pyrolysis products formed in the rotatable reactor drum are able to flow into the annular space.4. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a radiation source disposed within the rotatable reactor drum and configured to emit radiation toward the annular wall.5. The reactor of claim 4 , wherein the radiation source emits ultraviolet radiation.6. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising:a product collection chamber, the product collection chamber comprising an input port ...

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Номер записи: 32
13-03-2014 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS VAPOR RAPID FILTRATION AND CONVERSION TO FUEL

Номер: US20140073824A1
Автор: Gorke Jonathan T., HUGHES Mark A., Jones Samuel T.
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

The present disclosure pertains to biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants in the pyrolysis vapors by filtering the vapors in a heated container comprising a moving bed granular filter (MBGF), which in turn, comprises granular heat carrier. The granular heat carrier is heated within the MBGF and fed directly to the pyrolysis reactor, optionally along with filtered solids such as char. In certain embodiments, the MBGF additionally comprises at least one upgrading catalyst that contacts the vapors to produce a hydrocarbon mixture fungible with a petroleum-derived transportation fuel, a hydrocarbon transportation fuel component, or mixtures thereof. 1. A biomass pyrolysis process , comprising the steps of:(a) providing a heated container that encloses a moving bed granular filter, wherein the moving bed granular filter comprises a granular heat carrier;(b) heating the granular heat carrier in the heated container to produce a heated granular heat carrier that is conveyed to a pyrolysis reactor;(c) pyrolyzing a biomass feedstock in the pyrolysis reactor to produce pyrolysis vapors comprising a residual amount of entrained char particles, wherein rapid heating of the biomass feedstock is facilitated by contact with the heated granular heat carrier;(d) conveying the pyrolysis vapors out of the pyrolysis reactor and through the moving bed granular filter to separate at least a portion of the residual entrained char particles, thereby producing low-particulate pyrolysis vapors and a solid stream comprising char and the heated granular heat carrier of step (a).2. The process of claim 10 , further comprising contacting the low-particulate upgraded pyrolysis vapors with at least one upgrading catalyst within the heated container to produce a hydrocarbon mixture fungible with a petroleum-derived transportation fuel or a component thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the low-particulate ...

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Номер записи: 33
13-03-2014 дата публикации

FIELD REPLACEABLE MULTIFUNTIONAL CARTRIDGE FOR WASTE CONVERSION INTO FUEL

Номер: US20140073825A1
Автор: Turlapati Raghavendra Rao
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is a field replaceable multifunction cartridge for the conversion of composite high molecular weight hydrocarbon vapours, extracted from homogenous or heterogeneous, segregated or unsegregated, wet or dry, unclean miscellaneous multi-feed waste input, to produce low molecular weight fractions of industriously combustible fuel products through catalytic cracking. The multifunction cartridge system is constructed in a modular fashion is capable of performing the catalytic, cleaning and scrubbing functions through the temperature range ranging from ambient to 500° C., owing to the high mechanical strength, low coefficient of expansion, resistance to thermal fatigue etc. 2020203040105. A field replaceable multifunctional cartridge () as claimed in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the said cartridge () is arranged in a plurality of rows () claim 1 , each of the said rows consisting of a plurality of cartridges () enclosed in tubes ( and ) connected in parallel between a common inlet valve () and an common outlet valve ().3080810110709. A field replaceable multifunctional cartridge as claimed in claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , each of said tubes () contain the field replaceable multifunctional cartridge () between said motorized inlet valve () and motorized outlet valve () claim 2 , monitored by inlet pressure sensor () and outlet pressure sensor () claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , said valves are hydraulically or pneumatically or electrically controlled by microprocessors.407091011. A field replaceable multifunctional cartridge as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said inlet pressure sensor () and outlet pressure sensor () monitor change in pressure at said motorized inlet valve () and motorized outlet valve () caused by contamination of said catalyst bed.51011. A field replaceable multifunctional cartridge as claimed in claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , said motorized inlet valve () and motorized outlet valve () are enabled to shut down in case of any malfunctioning due to ...

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Номер записи: 34
27-03-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAKING RENEWABLE FUELS

Номер: US20140082996A1
Автор: Cheiky Michael C., MALYALA RAJASHEKHARAM
Принадлежит: Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc.

Multiple catalytic processing stations enable a method for producing volatile gas streams from biomass decomposition at discrete increasing temperatures. These catalytic processing stations can be programmed to maximize conversion of biomass to useful renewable fuel components based on input feedstock and desired outputs. 1. A method for converting biomass to renewable fuels , comprising:providing a system containing a number of processing stations (N) in communication with a series of catalysts;heating a biomass within the stations at a starting temperature (Tstart) to produce a volatile and a non-volatile component, said biomass and said heating selected to provide volatile components of a predetermined composition; andsubjecting the volatile components of a predetermined composition generated in at least one station through the series of catalysts to produce at least one renewable fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said series of catalysts is selected based on said starting temperature.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said series of catalyst is based on the biomass composition.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the biomass is a lipid-rich biomass and the volatile components from the lipid-rich biomass is contacted with a dehydration catalyst to produce a product which on cooling to a temperature range of 1-20° C. produces a second volatile component claim 3 , a first renewable fuel and water.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the biomass is a hemicellulose-rich biomass and a volatile components from the hemicellulose-rich biomass is contacted directly with an aromatization catalyst to produce a product which on cooling to a temperature of 0-5° C. produces a second volatile component claim 3 , a first renewable fuel and water.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the biomass is a lignin-rich biomass and the volatile component from the lignin-rich biomass is contacted with a dehydration catalyst to produce a product which on cooling to 2-20° C. produces a ...

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Номер записи: 35
27-03-2014 дата публикации

BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS HAVING A SINGLE-VESSEL HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION UNIT/CATALYTIC REDUCTION REACTOR UNIT FOR INTEGRATED STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLYSATE AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF

Номер: US20140088330A1
Автор: Komplin Glenn Charles, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be conducted in a pressure vessel that contains both a hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit. Biomass conversion systems incorporating such a feature may comprise: a pressure vessel that comprises a first section comprising a hydrothermal digestion unit and a second section comprising a first catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a first catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; wherein the hydrothermal digestion unit and the first catalytic reduction reactor unit are in fluid communication with one another; a biomass feed mechanism that is operatively connected to the pressure vessel, the biomass feed mechanism being capable of introducing cellulosic biomass solids to the pressure vessel and also capable of withdrawing a reaction product from the first catalytic reduction reactor unit; and a hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the first catalytic reduction reactor unit. 1. A biomass conversion system comprising: 'wherein the hydrothermal digestion unit and the first catalytic reduction reactor unit are in fluid communication with one another;', 'a pressure vessel comprising a first section and a second section, the first section comprising a hydrothermal digestion unit and the second section comprising a first catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a first catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen;'}a biomass feed mechanism that is operatively connected to the pressure vessel, the biomass feed mechanism being capable of introducing cellulosic biomass solids to the pressure vessel and also capable of withdrawing a reaction product from the first catalytic reduction reactor unit; anda hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the first catalytic reduction reactor unit.20. The biomass conversion system of claim , wherein the pressure vessel comprises an annular structure , with the first section comprising an outer portion of the annular ...

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Номер записи: 36
10-04-2014 дата публикации

DIRECT PRODUCTION OF FRACTIONATED AND UPGRADED HYDROCARBON FUELS FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20140100395A1
Автор: FELIX Larry G., LINCK Martin B., Marker Terry L., Roberts Michael J.
Принадлежит: GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

Multistage processing of biomass to produce at least two separate fungible fuel streams, one dominated by gasoline boiling-point range liquids and the other by diesel boiling-point range liquids. The processing involves hydrotreating the biomass to produce a hydrotreatment product including a deoxygenated hydrocarbon product of gasoline and diesel boiling materials, followed by separating each of the gasoline and diesel boiling materials from the hydrotreatment product and each other. 1. A process for producing hydrocarbon fuels from biomass , the process comprising: hydropyrolyzing the biomass in a reactor containing molecular hydrogen and a deoxygenating and hydrogen addition catalyst at hydropyrolysis reaction conditions to produce a deoxygenated hydrocarbon hydropyrolysis product comprising char and vapors;', 'separating substantially all of said char and particles from said deoxygenated hydrocarbon hydropyrolysis product to produce a substantially char and particle-free hydropyrolysis product;, '(a) hydrotreating biomass at hydrotreatment reaction conditions to produce a hydrotreatment product comprising a deoxygenated hydrocarbon product including gasoline and diesel boiling-point range materials, said hydrotreating comprising(b) separating each of said gasoline and diesel boiling-point range fractions from said hydrotreatment product and each other;(c) separating said gasoline boiling-point range materials from said diesel boiling-point range fractions;(d) upgrading said separated gasoline and diesel boiling-point range fractions.2. The process of wherein said separated gasoline boiling-point range fraction is catalytically upgraded at catalytic gasoline upgrade conditions to form an upgraded gasoline product.3. The process of wherein said separated diesel boiling-point range fraction is treated to produce an ultra-low sulfur diesel product.4. The process of wherein the treatment of the separated diesel boiling-point range fraction to produce an ultra-low ...

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Номер записи: 37
10-04-2014 дата публикации

FORMATE-ASSISTED PYROLYSIS

Номер: US20140100396A1
Автор: DeSisto William Joseph, van HEININGEN Adriaan R.P., WHEELER Marshall Clayton
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF MAINE SYSTEM BOARD OF TRUSTEES

The present invention provides, among other thing, methods for creating significantly deoxygenated bio-oils form biomass including the steps of providing a feedstock, associating the feedstock with an alkali formate to form a treated feedstock, dewatering the treated feedstock, heating the dewatered treated feedstock to form a vapor product, and condensing the vapor product to form a pyrolysis oil, wherein the pyrolysis oil contains less than 30% oxygen by weight. 1. A method comprisingproviding a feedstock;associating the feedstock with an alkali formate to form a treated feedstock;dewatering the treated feedstock;heating the dewatered treated feedstock to form a vapor product; andcondensing the vapor product to form a pyrolysis oil;wherein the pyrolysis oil contains less than 30% oxygen by weight.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is selected from the group consisting of cellulosic biomass claim 1 , wood claim 1 , wood waste claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , spent pulping/fractionation liquors claim 1 , algal biomass claim 1 , food waste claim 1 , sludges and municipal solid waste claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkali formate is selected from the group consisting of calcium formate claim 1 , magnesium formate claim 1 , sodium formate claim 1 , potassium formate claim 1 , lithium formate claim 1 , zinc formate claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dewatered treated feedstock is heated to between about 200° C. and about 600° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dewatered treated feedstock is heated to between about 375° C. and about 500° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dewatered treated feedstock is heated for between about one second and about four hours.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the associating claim 1 , dewatering claim 1 , heating and condensing steps is carried out at a pressure between about vacuum and about 10 bar.8. A method comprisingproviding ...

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Номер записи: 38
07-01-2016 дата публикации

HYDROPYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS-CONTAINING FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20160002540A1
Автор: FELIX Larry G., LINCK Martin B., Marker Terry L., Roberts Michael J.
Принадлежит:

Various techniques are disclosed for pretreating municipal solid waste (MSW) and other biomass-containing feedstocks that may be of a poorer quality and consequently more difficult, or even impossible, to convert to higher value liquid products (e.g., transportation fuels) using conventional processes. Such conventional processes may otherwise be satisfactory for the conversion of the biomass portion of the feedstock alone. The pretreatment of biomass-containing feedstocks may generally include steps carried out prior to a hydropyrolysis step and optionally further steps, in order to change one or more characteristics of the feedstock, rendering it more easily upgradable. 1. A process for producing liquid products from a biomass-containing feedstock comprising the steps of:a) devolatilizing the feedstock in a pre-reactor vessel containing hydrogen and a solid bed material selected from the group consisting of a pretreating catalyst, a sorbent, a heat transfer medium, and mixtures thereof, to produce a pre-reactor vapor stream comprising entrained solid particles; andb) hydropyrolyzing at least a portion of the pre-reactor vapor stream in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel containing hydrogen and a deoxygenating catalyst, producing a hydropyrolysis reactor output comprising at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char particles.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:c) removing substantially all of the char particles from the hydropyrolysis reactor output to provide a purified hydropyrolysis reactor vapor stream having a reduced char content; andd) hydroconverting at least a portion of the purified hydropyrolysis reactor vapor stream in a hydroconversion reactor vessel containing hydrogen and a hydroconversion catalyst, producing a hydroconversion reactor output; ande) recovering a substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon liquid and a gaseous mixture from the hydroconversion reactor output.3. The process of claim ...

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Номер записи: 39
01-01-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEMS FOR FUELS FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20150004062A1
Автор: Freel Barry A., Graham Robert G.
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to a system to prepare a fuel from a biomass and a petroleum fraction wherein a renewable fuel oil is obtained via pyrolysis, delivered to the injection point of a refinery system, and then co-processed with a petroleum fraction in the presence of a catalyst. 1. A system to prepare a fuel from a biomass and a petroleum fraction , comprising:a pyrolysis system for producing a renewable fuel oil from the biomass;a refinery system comprising a conversion unit to co-process the renewable fuel oil and the petroleum fraction as reactants in the presence of a catalyst;a delivery system to deliver the renewable fuel oil to an injection point of the conversion unit; anda control system to control the delivery of renewable fuel oil to the refinery system.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis system is a rapid thermal processing system producing an unenriched renewable fuel oil.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis system is co-located with the refinery system.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conversion unit comprises a fluidized catalytic cracker.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the fluidized catalytic cracker comprises a retro-fitted fluidized catalytic cracker.6. The system of claim 5 , further comprising one or more modified injection ports through which the renewable fuel oil is injected into a riser of the fluidized catalytic cracker.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the one or more modified injection ports comprises a modified nozzle.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conversion unit comprises a hydrotreating unit or a hydrocracking unit.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the delivery system delivers 0.05-20 wt. % renewable fuel oil as a percentage of reactants.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the delivery system comprises a storage tank and a pre-heater.11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system monitors and adjusts the addition of renewable fuel oil so as to ...

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Номер записи: 40
01-01-2015 дата публикации

METHODS FOR REMOVING CONTAMINANTS FROM OILS USING BASE WASHING AND ACID WASHING

Номер: US20150005522A1
Автор: Edirisinghe Praneeth, Lupton Francis Stephen
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Methods for processing algal oils are provided. In an embodiment, a method for removing a contaminant from an oil includes contacting the oil with a base to form an intermediate solution. Further, the method includes contacting the intermediate solution with an acid to form an acidic solution. The method separates the acidic solution into an oil portion and an aqueous waste portion including the contaminant. 1. A method for removing a contaminant from an oil , the method comprising the steps of:contacting the oil with a base to form an intermediate solution;contacting the intermediate solution with an acid to form an acidic solution; andseparating the acidic solution into an oil portion and an aqueous waste portion, wherein the aqueous waste portion includes the contaminant.2. The method of wherein contacting the oil with a base to form an intermediate solution comprises mixing equal amounts of the oil and a 2% basic solution.3. The method of wherein contacting the oil with a base to form an intermediate solution comprises mixing the oil and a basic solution to form a cloudy solution including soap claim 1 , and wherein the method further comprises agitating the cloudy solution for a selected time period.4. The method of wherein contacting the intermediate solution with an acid to form an acidic solution comprises mixing the intermediate solution with an acid to form an acidic solution having a pH of no more than about 2.5. The method of wherein the intermediate solution is cloudy and includes soap claim 1 , and wherein contacting the intermediate solution with an acid to form an acidic solution comprises mixing the intermediate solution with an acid to form a clear acidic solution and soap solids.6. The method of wherein separating the acidic solution into an oil portion and an aqueous waste portion comprises separating the acidic solution by centrifugation.7. The method of further comprising separating aqueous waste from the intermediate solution before contacting ...

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Номер записи: 41
08-01-2015 дата публикации

Bottom product cooling in a fluidized-bed gasification

Номер: US20150011811A1
Автор: Dobrin Toporov, Domenico Pavone, Ralf Abraham
Принадлежит: THYSSENKRUPP INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS AG

Disclosed is a system and method for cooling and relieving pressure of the bottom product produced by the fluidized-bed gasification of biomass, brown coal, or hard coal having a high ash content. With such a method and system, an economic solution for cooling and pressure expansion of the bottom product produced is to be ensured, which is achieved by the bottom product leaving the fluidized bed at a maximum of 1500° C. and a pressure of up 40 bar, being fed to an intermediate store, then being fed from the intermediate store to a pressure tank having a cooling system, and then being fed to a pressure release system.

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Номер записи: 42
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Integrated Coal To Liquids Process With Co2 Mitigation Using Algal Biomass

Номер: US20170015602A1
Автор: Bauman Richard F., Bisio Attilio, Fiato Rocco A., Zaczepinski Sioma
Принадлежит: ACCELERGY CORPORATION

An ICBTL system and method having a low GHG footprint for converting coal or coal and biomass to liquid fuels and a biofertilizer in which a carbon-based feed is converted to liquids by direct liquefaction and optionally by indirect liquefaction and the liquids are upgraded to produce premium fuels. COproduced by the process is used to a produce cyanobacteria containing algal biomass and other photosynthetic microorganisms in a photobioreactor. Optionally, lipids extracted from the some of the algal biomass is hydroprocessed to produce fuel components and biomass residues and the carbon-based feed our gasified to produce hydrogen and syngas for the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Some or all of the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms are used to produce a natural biofertilizer. COmay also be produced by a steam methane reformer for supplying COto produce the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms. 1. A method converting a coal containing solid carbonaceous material to liquid fuels and cyanobacteria based biofertilizer , comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'a. directly liquefying a coal containing solid carbonaceous material by subjecting said material to elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a solvent and a molybdenum containing catalyst for a time sufficient for producing hydrocarbon liquids and byproduct CO;'}b. upgrading hydrocarbon liquids produced by step a to liquid fuels and byproduct ammonia;{'sub': '2', 'c. producing hydrogen and byproduct COfrom a carbonaceous feed, and supplying at least a portion of said hydrogen as inputs to said direct liquefaction and said upgrading steps;'}{'sub': '2', 'd. reproducing a soil-based, nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria containing inoculant in a photobioreactor with the use of byproduct COproduced by one or both of said direct liquefaction and hydrogen producing steps and ammonia produced by said upgrading step; and'}e. producing a biofertilizer incorporating said inoculant.2 ...

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Номер записи: 43
17-04-2014 дата публикации

RELATING TO COAL TO LIQUID PROCESSES

Номер: US20140102943A1
Автор: ANSORGE Joachim, BILTON Scott A., ROUTIER Arold Marcel Albert, Smit Cornelis Jacobus, VAN DER PLOEG Henrik Jan
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A method of increasing the hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H/CO) ratio in a syngas stream derived from a carbonaceous fuel including coal, brown coal, peat, and heavy residual oil fractions, preferably coal. The fuel-derived syngas stream is divided into at least two sub-streams, one of which undergoes a catalytic water shift conversion reaction. The so-obtained converted sub-stream is combined with the non-converted sub-stream(s) to form a second syngas stream with an increased H/CO ratio. The method of the present invention can provide a syngas with a H/CO ratio more suitable for efficient hydrocarbon synthesis carried out on a given catalyst, such as in one or more Fischer-Tropsch reactors, as well as being able to accommodate variation in the H/CO ratio of syngas formed from different qualities of feedstock fuels. 1. A process for the preparation of hydrogen-enriched fuel-derived syngas derived from a carbonaceous fuel , comprising:providing a fuel-derived syngas stream;dividing the fuel-derived syngas stream into at least two sub-streams;letting one of the at least two sub-streams undergo a catalytic water shift conversion reaction followed by passing the converted stream through a carbon dioxide/hydrogen sulphide removal system to obtain a converted and cleaned sub-stream;passing the other stream(s) through a carbon dioxide/hydrogen sulphide removal system to obtain a cleaned non-converted sub-stream(s);{'sub': '2', 'combining the obtained converted and cleaned sub-stream with the cleaned non-converted sub-stream(s) to form a hydrogen-enriched fuel-derived syngas stream having an increased H/CO ratio of between 1.4 and 1.95.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the H/CO ratio in the fuel-derived syngas stream is less than 1.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the H/CO ratio in the hydrogen-enriched fuel-derived syngas stream is greater than 1.5.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the H/CO ratio in the hydrogen-enriched fuel-derived syngas stream is in the range 1.6- ...

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Номер записи: 44
26-01-2017 дата публикации

Bitumen droplets coalescence

Номер: US20170022421A1
Автор: Jun Long, Shane Hoskins
Принадлежит: Syncrude Canada Ltd

A process is provided for treating an aqueous oil sand slurry containing bitumen droplets and air bubbles prior to separation in a separator, comprising separating the aqueous oil sand slurry into at least two individual slurry streams and allowing the at least two slurry streams to collide with one another such that the bitumen droplets and air bubbles in each slurry stream make contact with one another to increase both collision frequency and efficiency, and providing sufficient residence time to allow the bitumen droplet to coalesce, grow, and aerate to produce a treated oil sand slurry with larger and lighter bitumen droplets to improve bitumen flotation and recovery.

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Номер записи: 45
29-01-2015 дата публикации

REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AS AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM HYDROPYROLYSIS PRODUCT VAPORS

Номер: US20150027184A1
Автор: FELIX Larry G., LINCK Martin B., Marker Terry L., Roberts Michael J.
Принадлежит:

A system and method for processing biomass into hydrocarbon fuels that includes processing a biomass in a hydropyrolysis reactor resulting in hydrocarbon fuels and a process vapor stream and cooling the process vapor stream to a condensation temperature resulting in an aqueous stream. The aqueous stream is sent to a catalytic reactor where it is oxidized to obtain a product stream containing ammonia and ammonium sulfate. A resulting cooled product vapor stream includes non-condensable process vapors comprising H, CH, CO, CO, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

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Номер записи: 46
23-01-2020 дата публикации

HYDROLIQUEFACTION OF PETROLEUM COKE USING ALKALI METALS

Номер: US20200024523A1
Автор: Cross, Hamilton Clive, JR. William M., Sanders Stephen
Принадлежит: FLINT HILLS RESOURCES, LP

The present disclosure is directed toward processes for the hydroliquefaction and hydrodesulfurization of petroleum coke using alkali metal catalysts and/or tin co-catalysts. 1. A process for the liquefaction of petroleum coke , the process comprising:a) mixing an alkali metal catalyst with a carrier fluid to produce a catalyst dispersion; andb) reacting petroleum coke particles with the catalyst dispersion to afford fluid hydrocarbons.2. The process of claim 1 , the process further comprising grinding petroleum coke to produce petroleum coke particles with an average particle size from about 2 to about 1000 μm.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the petroleum coke contains less than 1% water by weight.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the petroleum coke has a hydrogen to carbon molar ratio from about 0.4 to about 0.9.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the petroleum coke has a sulfur content from about 1% to about 10%.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal catalyst comprises at least 90% elemental alkali metal by weight.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal catalyst is sodium or potassium.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the alkali metal catalyst is delivered at about 100° C. or at about 70° C.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst dispersion contains from about 1% to about 10% metal by weight.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst dispersion further comprises a tin catalyst.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein step a) comprises high shear mixing to produce particles of alkali metal catalyst that have an average diameter of less than or equal to about 100 μm.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid comprises a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture claim 1 , the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture comprising paraffins or naphthenes having a normal boiling point greater than about 210° C.13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid is saturated with hydrogen gas.14. The process of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 47
04-02-2021 дата публикации

Processes for Converting Organic Material-Containing Feeds Via Pyrolysis

Номер: US20210032545A1
Автор: Harandi Mohsen N., Keusenkothen Paul F.
Принадлежит:

Processes for converting an organic-material-containing feed comprising contacting the feed with a plurality of fluidized hot particles in a pyrolysis zone to product a first pyrolysis effluent, optionally contacting the first pyrolysis effluent with a quenching stream to impart additional pyrolysis of organic materials contained in the quenching stream, separating at least a portion of the particles and feeding them to a combustion zone where the particles are heated to an elevated temperature, optionally contacting the combustion zone effluent with a second organic-material-containing stream to produce, e.g., syngas, and feeding at least a portion of the heated particles to the pyrolysis zone. 1. A process for converting a hydrocarbon-containing feed by pyrolysis , comprising:(I) feeding the hydrocarbon-containing feed into a pyrolysis reaction zone;(II) feeding a plurality of fluidized particles having a first temperature into the pyrolysis reaction zone, wherein the first temperature is sufficiently high to enable pyrolysis of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed on contacting the particles;(III) contacting at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with the particles in the pyrolysis reaction zone to effect pyrolysis of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce a first pyrolysis effluent comprising olefins, hydrogen, and the particles;(IV) contacting at least a portion of the particles in the first pyrolysis effluent downstream of the pyrolysis reaction zone with a first quenching stream comprising an organic material to effect the pyrolysis of at least a portion of the organic material in the first quenching stream and obtain a second pyrolysis effluent comprising olefins, hydrogen, and the particles; and(V) separating the second pyrolysis effluent to obtain a first hydrocarbon stream rich in hydrocarbons and a first particle stream rich in the particles.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic material ...

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Номер записи: 48
12-02-2015 дата публикации

METHOD OF TREATING CRUDE OIL WITH ULTRASOUND VIBRATIONS AND MICROWAVE ENERGY

Номер: US20150041369A1
Автор: ROUT Bruce
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to methods of treating heavy crude oil on the surface or in situ. The methods of the present invention include: (a) mixing the heavy crude oil with a solvent; (b) subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic vibrations; and (c) subjecting mixture treated with ultrasonic vibrations to microwave energy. 1. A method of treating heavy crude oil , the method including: (a) mixing the heavy crude oil with a solvent; (b) subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic vibrations; and (c) subjecting mixture treated with ultrasonic vibrations to microwave energy.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group of solvents comprising of: alkanes claim 1 , alcohols claim 1 , aromatic hydrocarbons claim 1 , fuel liquids claim 1 , reformates claim 1 , frac fluids and any combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene claim 1 , a benzene derivative or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is free of using polar substances.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is free of using sensitizers.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is provided as a mixture between the solvent and a suitable dilutant.7. An in situ method for the treatment of a heavy crude oil deposit claim 1 , the method including: (a) disposing a solvent into the heavy oil deposit claim 1 , such that a mixture is created between the solvent and the heavy crude oil in the deposit; (b) subjecting the mixture in the heavy crude oil deposit to ultrasonic vibrations; and (c) subjecting the oil deposit to microwave energy.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the method further includes extracting the heavy crude oil from the oil deposit treated with ultrasonic vibrations and microwave energy.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group of solvents comprising of: alkanes claim 7 , alcohols claim 7 , aromatic hydrocarbons claim 7 , fuel liquids claim 7 , reformates claim 7 , ...

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Номер записи: 49
12-02-2015 дата публикации

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF LIGNO-CELLULOSIC BIOMASS INTO FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Номер: US20150045595A1
Автор: Le Van Mao Raymond
Принадлежит: AC3B TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

The invention provides a process for producing ethyl esters and hydrocarbons from lignocellulosic biomass materials. The process comprises two steps: the first step being an acid ethanolysis (solvolysis with ethanol) of the biomass in oxidizing medium; the second step being the catalytic conversion of the by-product diethyl ether and, optionally, light ethyl esters, into hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. Cellulose, hemicellulose and part of the lignin are converted in the first step. The oxidizer used in this first conversion step is preferably and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II) (Fenton-type reagent), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The final products may include ethyl levulinate (diesel-grade additive), light ethyl esters (ethyl formate and ethyl acetate), levulinic acid, succinic acid, methanol, gasoline-range hydrocarbons and C-Chydrocarbons. 1. A method for converting ligno-cellulosic biomass materials into ethyl esters and hydrocarbons , said method comprising the following steps: (a) the chemical-catalytic conversion of the biomass material into ethyl levulinate , light ethyl esters and other products including diethyl ether carried out with alcohol as reactant and solvent in dilute acidic medium and in the presence of an oxidizing agent , (b) the chemical-catalytic conversion of at least one of the diethyl ether light ethyl esters into hydrocarbons by reaction with an acid nanocatalyst and (c) the recovery of the resulting products.2. The method of wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.3. The method of wherein the oxidizing agent is a Fenton-type reagent.4. The method of wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide alone or hydrogen peroxide activated by at least one of Fe (II) ions or Ti (IV) ions.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dilute acidic medium comprises an inhibitor of polymerization of aldehyde-type reaction intermediates.6. The method of wherein the acidic nano-catalyst is a zeolite of ZSM-5 type.7. The ...

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Номер записи: 50
06-02-2020 дата публикации

PRESSURE REDUCTION IN HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING SYSTEM

Номер: US20200040886A1
Автор: EGHOLM Henrik, Iversen Steen Brummerstedt
Принадлежит: STEEPER ENERGY APS

The invention relates to a pressure reduction unit for use in processing equipment handling high pressure fluid, where the pressure reduction unit comprises at least one inlet and an outlet, the pressure reduction unit being adapted to receive a pressurized fluid at process pressure level at the inlet, being adapted to isolate the received pressurized fluid from the upstream process and from the outlet and being adapted to reduce the pressure of the fluid to a lower predetermined level and further being adapted to output the fluid through the outlet while still isolated towards the upstream process. 120-. (canceled)21. A pressure reduction unit for use in processing equipment handling high pressure fluid , where the pressure reduction unit comprises at least one inlet and an outlet , the pressure reduction unit being adapted to receive a pressurized fluid at process pressure level at the inlet , being adapted to isolate the received pressurized fluid from the upstream process and from the outlet and being adapted to reduce the pressure of the fluid to a lower predetermined level and further being adapted to output the fluid through the outlet while still isolated towards the upstream process , where the unit comprises a valve at the inlet and a valve at the outlet and between the inlet valve and the outlet valve a de-pressurization device , where means are provided for measuring the pressure upstream the inlet valve , between the inlet valve and the outlet valve and downstream the outlet valve and further comprising a control system , where the control system is adapted to allow opening of the valves when a certain maximum pressure difference is present on either side of the valve to be opened.22. The pressure reduction unit according to claim 21 , where a position indicator is provided indicating the cycle position of the pressure reduction device and being adapted to provide a control signal for opening or closing at least one valve in the pressure reduction unit. ...

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Номер записи: 51
18-02-2016 дата публикации

Systems and Processes for Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass and Hydrocarbonaceous Materials for Production of Aromatics with Optional Olefin Recycle, and Catalysts Having Selected Particle Size for Catalytic Pyrolysis

Номер: US20160046871A1
Автор: CHENG YU-TING, Gaffney Anne Mae, Huber George H., JAE Jungho
Принадлежит:

This invention relates to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product, and more specifically, to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product via catalytic pyrolysis. Some embodiments relate to methods for the production of specific aromatic products (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, etc.) via catalytic pyrolysis. Some such methods may involve the use of a composition comprising a mixture of a solid hydrocarbonaceous material and a heterogeneous pyrolytic catalyst component. In some embodiments, an olefin compound may be co-fed to the reactor and/or separated from a product stream and recycled to the reactor to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products. The methods described herein may also involve the use of specialized catalysts. For example, in some cases, zeolite catalysts may be used. In some instances, the catalysts are characterized by particle sizes in certain identified ranges that can lead to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products. 175-. (canceled)76. A method for producing one or more fluid hydrocarbon products from a solid hydrocarbonaceous material comprising:feeding the solid hydrocarbonaceous material to a reactor, wherein the solid hydrocarbonaceous material comprises lignocellulosic biomass;pyrolyzing within the reactor at least a portion of the solid hydrocarbonaceous material under reaction conditions sufficient to produce one or more pyrolysis products;reacting within the reactor in the presence of a catalyst at least a portion of the one or more pyrolysis products under reaction conditions sufficient to produce the one or more fluid hydrocarbon products, the one or more fluid hydrocarbon products comprises olefins and aromatics, the catalyst comprises pores having a pore size of up to about 100 Angstroms;flowing the one or more fluid hydrocarbon products out of the reactor;separating at least a portion of the olefins from the one or more fluid hydrocarbon products to produce a recycle ...

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Номер записи: 52
18-02-2016 дата публикации

LOW COMPLEXITY, HIGH YIELD CONVERSION OF HEAVY HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20160046879A1
Автор: CORSCADDEN TOM, DIDUCH GREG, HOCKING DAMIEN, KEARNS JIM, REMESAT DARIUS
Принадлежит:

A process for producing pipeline-ready or refinery-ready feedstock from heavy hydrocarbons using a high-performance solvent extraction process with high local solvent-to-process fluid ratios yet maintaining low overall solvent-to-process fluid ratios, by first performing mild thermal cracking on the heavy hydrocarbons and then separating asphaltene-rich fractions from a resulting thermally affected fluid so that the high solvent-to-oil ratio portion of the process acts only on those asphaltene-rich fractions, and producing a dry, solid asphaltene as an end-product. 1. Process apparatus for processing heavy hydrocarbons to produce pipeline-ready or refinery-ready feedstock , comprising:(a) a process fluid preparation component for mixing heavy hydrocarbon with other substances as required to prepare a process fluid;(b) transport means to move the process fluid to a pre-heater;(c) the pre-heater for heating the process fluid to a temperature close to or at a desired operating temperature of a reactor;(d) transport means to move the heated process fluid to the reactor;(e) the reactor having heat exchange means to provide a desired heat flux to the process fluid and maintain the process fluid in-reactor at a substantially uniform desired temperature for a desired residence time;(f) means to provide sweep gas to the process fluid in the reactor; (i) non-condensable vapours', '(ii) light liquid hydrocarbons', '(iii) thermally-affected asphaltene-rich fractions, '(g) means to remove various produced substances from the reactor at the end of the residence time, those substances comprising at least(h) means to separate non-condensable vapours from light liquid hydrocarbons;(i) transport means to move the thermally affected asphaltene-rich fractions to a solvent extraction processor;(j) the solvent extraction processor including means to supply C4-C8 solvent and to mix the solvent with the thermally affected asphaltene rich fractions, and means to keep the processor and ...

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Номер записи: 53
19-02-2015 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE DROP-IN FUELS

Номер: US20150051427A1
Автор: May Leslie, Ramirez Corredores Maria Magdalena
Принадлежит: KiOR, Inc.

A process for producing renewable biofuels from biomass is provided wherein a bio-oil containing stream is hydrotreated in an integrated system which uses streams and components generated or obtained from the biomass treatment and conversion. 1. A process for producing a renewable fuel from biomass , the process comprising:(a) converting biomass in a biomass conversion unit in the presence of a biomass conversion catalyst and separating the converted biomass into a fluid phase and a solid phase;(b) separating the fluid phase into a non-condensable gas phase, a renewable bio-oil and process water;{'sub': '6', '(c) fractionating the renewable bio-oil into a water stream, a full range bio-naphtha stream and a topped bio-oil stream, wherein the topped bio-oil stream comprises Cor higher oxygenates;'}{'sub': 5', '6, '(d) molecularly recombining the oxygenates of Cor lower within the process water, the full range bio-naphtha stream and the water stream to produce a recovered organic stream (ROS) comprising Cor greater oxygenates and a clear aqueous stream;'}(e) forming a slurry catalyst mix from the ROS and a soluble hydroprocessing active phase;(f) feeding at least a portion of biomass conversion catalyst and the catalyst mix into a slurry-phase hydroprocessor reactor;(g) forming in the slurry-phase hydroprocessor reactor a solid-phase slurry dispersed catalyst comprising atomically dispersoids of the active phase onto a support comprising the biomass conversion catalyst;(h) feeding the topped bio-oil stream into the slurry-phase hydroprocessor reactor and subjecting the topped bio-oil stream to hydrogenation in the presence of the solid-phase slurry dispersed catalyst; and(i) obtaining renewable fuels originating from hydrogenated topped bio-oil stream.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the soluble hydroprocessing active phase is an organometallic salt selected from the group of acetylacetonates claim 1 , naphthenates claim 1 , oxalates claim 1 , tartrates claim 1 , or ...

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Номер записи: 54
26-02-2015 дата публикации

FLOW-THROUGH CAVITATION-ASSISTED RAPID MODIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL

Номер: US20150053545A1
Автор: Gordon Roman, Gorodnitsky Igor, Promtov Maxim A.
Принадлежит:

A device and method are provided for manipulating petroleum, non-conventional oil and other viscous complex fluids made of hydrocarbons that comprise enforcement of fluid in a multi-stage flow-through hydrodynamic cavitational reactor, subjecting said fluids to a controlled cavitation and continuing the application of such cavitation for a period of time sufficient for obtaining desired changes in physical properties and/or chemical composition and generating the upgraded products. The method includes alteration of chemical bonds, induction of interactions of components, changes in composition, heterogeneity and rheological characteristics in order to facilitate handling, improve yields of distillate fuels and optimize other properties. 1. A process for modification of crude oil , comprising the steps of:combining crude oil with water and a catalyst to create a fluidic crude oil;pumping the fluidic crude oil through a flowpath in a multi-stage, flow-through, hydrodynamic cavitation device;generating localized zones of reduced fluid pressure in the fluidic crude oil as it is pumped through the flowpath;creating cavitational features in the localized zones of reduced fluid pressure;collapsing the cavitational features to expose components of the fluidic crude oil to sudden, localized increases in temperature and pressure; andinducing chemical reactions between components in the fluidic crude oil to promote molecular rearrangement of the components and modify rheological parameters of the fluidic crude oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluidic crude oil is pumped at a controlled inlet pressure approximating ambient pressure.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flowpath has a series of chambers with varying diameters and static elements to create sudden reductions in fluid pressure.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cavitational features comprise cavitation bubbles containing vapors of volatile components in the fluidic crude oil.5. The process of ...

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Номер записи: 55
26-02-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING HYDROCARBON FUELS USING SURFAGUIDE

Номер: US20150053591A1
Автор: Johnson Alan A., Skoptsov George L.
Принадлежит:

A system for processing hydrocarbon materials includes a waveguide having a lateral portion comprising housing having a first end portion configured to be connected to an energy generator, a closed opposite end portion, a primary axis extending from the first end portion to the second end portion, and a central portion having a circular opening. A reaction tube structure comprising an outer wall made of a dielectric material is positioned in or connected to the opening of the waveguide. When hydrocarbon feedstock and process gas are fed into the reaction tube structure and energy is received in the waveguide, energy is propagated to the reaction tube structure to form a plasma within the reaction tube structure and cause the feedstock and process gas to react and form into a product stream. 1. A system for processing hydrocarbon materials , comprising:a hydrocarbon feedstock source;a process gas source, wherein the process gas source comprises one or more sources of gases selected from the group consisting of helium, argon, krypton, neon, xenon, methane, propane, butane, ethane, acetylene, propylene, butylene, ethylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrogen, and nitrogen;a waveguide comprising a housing having a first end portion configured to be connected to a microwave generator, a closed opposite end portion, and a central portion having a slot, wherein the central portion has a depth that is perpendicular to a primary axis of the waveguide and smaller than a corresponding depth of the first end portion and the second end portion; anda reaction tube structure comprising an outer wall made of a dielectric material, wherein the reaction tube structure is configured so that a lateral dimension of the reaction tube structure extends through the slot in a position that is perpendicular to the primary axis of the waveguide;wherein when hydrocarbon feedstock from the feedstock source and process gas from the process gas source are fed into the reaction ...

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Номер записи: 56
15-05-2014 дата публикации

TORREFACTION REDUCTION OF COKE FORMATION ON CATALYSTS USED IN ESTERIFICATION AND CRACKING OF BIOFUELS FROM PYROLYSED LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20140130402A1
Автор: Das Keshav C., Hilten Roger, Kastner James R., Mani Sudhagar
Принадлежит:

A bio-oil production process involving torrefaction pretreatment, catalytic esterification, pyrolysis, and secondary catalytic processing significantly reduces yields of reactor char, catalyst coke, and catalyst tar relative to the best-case conditions using non-torrefied feedstock. The reduction in coke as a result of torrefaction was 28.5% relative to the respective control for slow pyrolysis bio-oil upgrading. In fast pyrolysis bio-oil processing, the greatest reduction in coke was 34.9%. Torrefaction at 275° C. reduced levels of acid products including acetic acid and formic acid in the bio-oil, which reduced catalyst coking and increased catalyst effectiveness and aromatic hydrocarbon yields in the upgraded oils. The process of bio-oil generation further comprises a catalytic esterification of acids and aldehydes to generate such as ethyl levulinate from lignified biomass feedstock. 1. A method for reducing coke deposition on a catalyst used in cracking of a pyrolysis oil vapor , the method comprising:(a) subjecting a biomass to torrefaction;(b) pyrolyzing the torrefaction-treated biomass, thereby generating a heated pyrolysis oil vapor;(c) catalytically esterifying the heated pyrolysis oil vapor or components thereof, thereby providing a heated pyrolysis oil vapor having a reduced acid and aldehyde content compared to a heated pyrolysis oil vapor not catalytically esterified; and(d) cracking the catalytically esterified heated pyrolysis oil vapor, thereby generating a bio-oil, wherein said cracking step comprises contacting the heated pyrolysis oil vapor with a second catalyst, and wherein said catalyst accumulates a reduced coke deposition compared to when the heated pyrolysis oil vapor is generated from a biomass not treated with torrefaction.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c) the heated pyrolysis oil vapor is contacted with an aqueous composition comprising at least one alcohol and a first catalyst selected to catalyze the esterification of at ...

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Номер записи: 57
01-03-2018 дата публикации

Integrated coalescing system for separating dispersed ionic liquid from liquid hydrocarbon

Номер: US20180056212A1
Автор: Huping Luo, Hye-Kyung Cho Timken
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

An integrated coalescing system for separating ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon is provided, comprising: a. a bulk settler, that separates an emulsion comprising the dispersed ionic liquid with a wide range of droplet sizes into a clean ionic liquid phase and a separated liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising retained droplets; b. a pre-coalescer that receives the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, separates out solid particles from the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, and begins to form coalesced droplets of the retained droplets; and c. a coalescer that receives an effluent from the pre-coalescer, wherein the at least one coalescer comprises multiple layers of media having a fine pore size, and produces a clean hydrocarbon stream that is free of the dispersed ionic liquid and additional amounts of the clean ionic liquid phase. Also, a process is provided for separating an ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon, using the integrated coalescing system.

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Номер записи: 58
04-03-2021 дата публикации

TERPOLYMERS FOR OIL SANDS TAILINGS TREATMENT

Номер: US20210060455A1
Автор: Fenderson Tom, Maasen Igal, PELAEZ Miguel, Pin Erica
Принадлежит:

Terpolymers and use thereof are provided comprising one or more nonionic monomers, one or more anionic monomers and one or more cationic monomers, These terpolymers and compositions containing may be used as flocculants, for example, for treating tailings, such as oil sands tailings, to facilitate solid-liquid separation, for example, in order to efficiently recycle water and/or to reduce the volume of tailings which may be transferred to a tailings pond and/or to a dedicated disposal area. 1. A terpolymer suitable for use as a flocculant which comprises one or more acrylamide (“AMD”) monomers , one or more calcium diacrylate (“CDA”) monomers , and one or more cationic monomers.2. A composition comprising one or more terpolymers according to .3. The terpolymer or composition containing according to or claim 1 , wherein said one or more cationic monomers are selected from the following: acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“AETAC”) claim 1 , methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (“MAETAC”) claim 1 , methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (“MAPTAC”) claim 1 , acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (“APTAC”) claim 1 , dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates claim 1 , e.g. claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (“DMAEMA”) claim 1 , and their quaternary or acid salts claim 1 , including claim 1 , but not limited to claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl sulfate quaternary salt claim 1 , dimethyaminoethyl acrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl acrylate sulfuric acid salt claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl acrylate hydrochloric acid salt claim 1 , diethylaminoethyl acrylate claim 1 , methyl chloride quaternary salt claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl sulfate quaternary salt claim 1 , dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt ...

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Номер записи: 59
04-03-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR UPGRADING OXYGEN CONTAINING RENEWABLE OIL

Номер: US20210062098A1
Автор: IVERSEN Steen B., JENSEN Claus Uhrenholt, RODRIGUEZ GUERRERO Julie Katerine
Принадлежит: STEEPER ENERGY APS

The invention relates to a process for producing an upgraded renewable oil from renewable carbonaceous material(-s) comprising providing an oxygen containing renewable crude oil having an oxygen content in the range of 3.0 to 20% by weight, a water content of less than 1.5 wt. %, a total acid number in the range from 5 to 80 mg KOH/g, a fraction of the oil having a boiling point below than 350° C. of less than 70% by weight, and a residue fraction having a boiling point of more than 450° C. of at least 10%by weight, pressurising the oxygen containing renewable crude oil to an operational pressure in the range 60 to 200 bar; adding and mixing hydrogen to the pressurized oxygen containing renewable crude oil, contacting the pressurized mixture with at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone at a temperature of 260 to 350° C. having a weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.1 to 1 hso as to produce a partially hydrogenated and deoxygenated oil, separating water, gas and optionally a low boiling fraction from the partially hydrogenated and deoxygenatedoil from the first reaction zone, heating the partially hydrogenated and deoxygenated oil from the first reaction zone to a temperature in the range 350 to 400° C,contacting the partially hydrogenated and deoxygenated oil with at least one heterogeneous catalysts in a second reaction zone at a temperature of 350 to 400° C. at weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.1 to 1.5 h, separating the product from the second reaction zone into a at least a gas fraction, a water fraction, a low boiling point renewable liquid hydrocarbon fraction and a high boiling point renewable liquid hydrocarbon fraction, contacting the low boiling point fraction from the second reaction zone with hydrogen and one or more heterogeneous catalysts at a temperature in the range 350 to 390° C. in a third reaction zone having a weight based space velocity in the range 0.1 to 1 h, thereby ...

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Номер записи: 60
20-02-2020 дата публикации

METHOD OF TREATING DRILLING MUD WITH OIL-BASED DRILLING FLUID

Номер: US20200056097A1
Автор: CHANG Cheng Yin, CHANG Jui Ting, CHANG Wei Ming
Принадлежит:

A method of treating drilling mud with oil-based drilling fluid contains: a mud homogenization step configured to homogenize drilling mud which is solidized mud; a 3-phase cyclone separation step in which water vapors are used as a cleaning agent; a petroleum gas oxidation and combustion step in which the petroleum gas is extracted out of the 3-phase separator by using an oil gas oxidation device, and the petroleum gas is thermal oxidized and combusted; a liquid catalyst extraction step executed in which porous substances and hydrocarbon are extracted out of solid waste by using a microbubble extracting and liquid catalyst; a liquid catalyst recycling step having two-stage molecular distillation means so as to recycle the liquid catalyst to the liquid catalyst extraction step and to eliminate the liquid catalyst from recycled base oil. The mud homogenization step is alternatively executed based on physical condition of the drilling mud. 1. A method of treating drilling mud with oil-based drilling fluid comprising:a mud homogenization step alternatively configured to homogenize drilling mud which is solidized mud;a 3-phase cyclone separation step in which water vapors are used as a cleaning agent, wherein the drilling mud is flushed and is heated in a cyclone tank of a 3-phase separator so as to dissolve hydrocarbon and to evaporate waste water and petroleum gas, thus separating oil, water, solid waste, and the petroleum gas; wherein the mud homogenization step is executed based on physical condition of the drilling mud, when the drilling mud is liquid, the mud homogenization step is eliminated so that the drilling mud is directly delivered to the 3-phase cyclone separation step;a petroleum gas oxidation and combustion step in which the petroleum gas is extracted out of the 3-phase separator by using an oil gas oxidation device, and the petroleum gas is thermal oxidized and combusted;a liquid catalyst extraction step executed after the 3-phase cyclone separation step ...

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Номер записи: 61
05-03-2015 дата публикации

OPTIMIZED METHOD FOR RECYCLING BIO-OILS INTO HYDROCARBON FUELS

Номер: US20150065764A1
Автор: Daudin Antoine, Quignard Alain, THINON Olivier
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of hydrocarbon products from a feed comprising at least one non-pre-treated bio-oil, comprising a first step for hydroreforming in the presence of hydrogen and a hydroreforming catalyst, used alone or as a mixture, to obtain at least one liquid effluent comprising at least one aqueous phase and at least one organic phase, a second step in which at least a portion of the organic phase of the effluent obtained from the first hydroreforming step is recycled to the first hydroreforming step with a recycle ratio equal to the ratio of the mass flow rate of said organic phase to the mass flow rate of the non-pre-treated bio-oil in the range 0.05 to 2 and in which the hydrocarbon effluent obtained from the hydrotreatment and/or hydrocracking step is not recycled to said first hydroreforming step. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which said recycle ratio is in the range 0.05 to 1.5.3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , in which said recycle ratio is in the range 0.2 to 1.3.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , in which said recycle ratio is in the range 0.3 to 1.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the bio-oil is produced by fast pyrolysis starting from a biomass feed.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which said hydroreforming catalyst comprises Ni claim 1 , alone or in combination with at least one metal selected from Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co and Cu.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the support for said hydroreforming catalyst is selected from silicas claim 1 , transition aluminas claim 1 , silica-aluminas and transition metal aluminates claim 1 , used alone or as a mixture.8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which said hydroreforming catalyst is a Ni claim 1 , NiCr or NiMn catalyst on porous carbon or NiMo on alumina or nickel aluminate.9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which said first hydroreforming step is carried out at a temperature in the range 250° C. ...

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Номер записи: 62
22-05-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR EXTRACTING BIOCHEMICAL PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM A PROCESS OF HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF BIOMASS

Номер: US20140142353A1
Автор: CORMA CANOS Avelino, Hitzl Martin, Renz Michael
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for extracting biochemical products obtained from a process of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, which includes feeding an aqueous mixture of biomass from a preheating tube for the aqueous mixture of biomass to a vertical reactor with a predetermined level of floatation and an area for accumulation of steam and gases in the upper part thereof, wherein said method for extracting biochemical products is characterized in that it includes (a) heating the aqueous mixture of biomass to, or above, evaporation temperature in said vertical reactor and/or in a previous stage of preheating the aqueous mixture of biomass, increasing the generation of stream and/or gases at the predetermined flotation level of the vertical reactor, (b) extracting the steam and/or gases generated in the previous stage and accumulated in the upper part of the vertical reactor, and (c) cooling the gases and/or condensing the steam extracted in the previous stage at different levels of temperature and pressure. The invention likewise relates to the biochemical product obtainable from said method, as well as to a system for implementing said method. 1. Method for extracting biochemical products during a process of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass , comprising feeding an aqueous mixture of biomass from a preheating tube of the aqueous mixture of biomass to a vertical reactor with a defined level of flotation and an area for the accumulation of steam and gases in its upper portion , where said method for extracting biochemical products is characterized in that it comprises:(a) Heating the aqueous mixture of biomass up to or over the evaporation temperature in the same vertical reactor and/or in a prior preheating stage of the aqueous biomass mixture, increasing the generation of steam and/or gases at the set level of floatation of the vertical reactor.(b) Extracting the biochemicals alongside the steam and/or gasses generated in the previous stage, which ...

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Номер записи: 63
12-03-2015 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PYROLYSIS VAPOR UPGRADING

Номер: US20150073181A1
Автор: Gorke Johnathan T., Lotero Edgar
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

This disclosure relates to the fast pyrolysis of organic matter. More specifically, it relates to the catalytic modification of vapors created during the fast pyrolysis of organic matter to create transportation fuel or a transportation fuel component. At least a first portion of pyrolysis vapors is catalytically stabilized or converted, then combined with a portion of raw, unconverted bio-derived pyrolysis vapors at a temperature and pressure sufficient for molecules of the combined vapors to react and produce hydrocarbons of increased molecular weight that are suitable for use as a hydrocarbon transportation fuel or component thereof. 1. A process for producing biomass-derived hydrocarbon fuel or a component thereof , comprising the steps:(a) Providing a first portion of bio-derived pyrolysis vapors and a second portion of biomass-derived pyrolysis vapors;(b) at least partially stabilizing the first portion of bio-derived pyrolysis vapors by reacting with at least one catalyst to produce stabilized pyrolysis vapors that are less active for oligomerization and polymerization;(c) combining the stabilized pyrolysis vapors with the second portion of biomass-derived pyrolysis vapors at a temperature and pressure sufficient for molecules of the combined vapors to react and produce hydrocarbons having molecular weights that are within the boiling range of at least one of gasoline, diesel and gasoil and that are suitable for use as a hydrocarbon transportation fuel or component thereof, without producing molecules with a carbon number greater than about 35 that are unsuitable for use as a transportation fuel or a component thereof.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst comprises multiple catalysts that may be arranged in parallel claim 1 , in series or as mixtures of catalyst in one or more reactors.3. The process of claim 4 , wherein certain of the multiple catalysts facilitate reactions other than stabilization.4. The process of claim 1 , further ...

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Номер записи: 64
19-03-2015 дата публикации

System and Method for Introducing an Additive into a Coking Process to Improve Quality and Yields of Coker Products

Номер: US20150076032A1
Автор: Roger G. Etter
Принадлежит: Individual

Heavy gas oil components, coking process recycle, and heavier hydrocarbons in the delayed coking process are cracked in the coking vessel by injecting a catalytic additive into the vapors above the gas/liquid-solid interface in the coke drum during the coking cycle. The additive comprises cracking catalyst(s) and quenching agent(s), alone or in combination with seeding agent(s), excess reactant(s), carrier fluid(s), or any combination thereof to modify reaction kinetics to preferentially crack these components. The quenching effect of the additive can be effectively used to condense the highest boiling point compounds of the traditional recycle onto the catalyst(s), thereby focusing the catalyst exposure to these target reactants. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can also provide methods to (1) reduce coke production, (2) reduce fuel gas production, and (3) increase liquids production.

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Номер записи: 65
12-06-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20140161689A1
Автор: CHHEDA Juben Nemchand, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A process for producing biofuels from biomass is provided by removing sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds from the biomass by contacting the biomass with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates and having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content, based on untreated biomass on a dry mass basis, prior to carrying out aqueous phase reforming and further processing to form a liquid fuel. 1. A system comprising: a digester that receives a biomass feedstock and a digestive solvent operating under conditions to effectively remove nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds from said biomass feedstock and discharges a treated stream comprising a carbohydrate having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content based on untreated biomass feedstock on a dry mass basis; an aqueous phase reforming reactor comprising an aqueous phase reforming catalyst that receives the treated stream and discharges an oxygenated intermediate stream , wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream is recycled to the digester as at least a portion of the digestive solvent; and a fuels processing reactor comprising a condensation catalyst that receives a second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream and discharges a liquid fuel.2. A system comprising: a digester that receives a biomass feedstock and a digestive solvent operating under conditions to effectively remove nitrogen , phosphorus and sulfur compounds from said biomass feedstock and discharges a treated stream comprising a carbohydrate having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content based on untreated biomass feedstock on a dry mass basis; an aqueous phase reforming reactor comprising an aqueous phase reforming catalyst that receives the treated stream and discharges an oxygenated intermediate , wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream is recycled to ...

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Номер записи: 66
12-06-2014 дата публикации

CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS USING UZM-39 ALUMINOSILICATE ZEOLITE

Номер: US20140163269A1
Автор: Boldingh Edwin P., Nicholas Christopher P.
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A new family of coherently grown composites of TUN and IMF zeotypes has been synthesized and shown to be effective catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula. 3. The process of wherein the hydrocarbons produced include aromatic compounds and the selectivity to aromatic compounds within the condensable portion of the pyrolysis gases is greater than 33% by weight.4. The process of wherein the hydrocarbons produced include aromatic compounds and the selectivity to aromatic compounds within the condensable portion of the pyrolysis gases is greater 50% by weight.5. The process of wherein the hydrocarbons produced include aromatic compounds and the yield of aromatic compounds is greater than 2% by weight based upon the biomass.6. The process of wherein the hydrocarbons produced include aromatic compounds and the yield of aromatic compounds is greater than 3% by weight based upon biomass.7. The process of wherein the pyrolysis conditions include a temperature from about 300° C. to about 800° C.8. The process of wherein the catalyst is in a fluidized state.9. The process of wherein the contacting a carbonaceous biomass feedstock with a microporous crystalline zeolitic catalyst is carried out using a catalyst-to-carbonaceous biomass feedstock ratio of about 0.1 to about 200.10. The process of wherein the coherently grown composite of TUN and IMF zeotypes is thermally stable up to a temperature of greater than 600° C.11. The process of wherein the coherently grown composite of TUN and IMF zeotypes has a micropore volume as a percentage of total pore volume of greater than 60%.12. The process of wherein the microporous crystalline zeolitic catalyst comprises the heat transfer medium of a fast pyrolysis process.13. The process of further comprising regenerating the catalyst after contacting with the feedstock to form a regenerated catalyst and recycling the regenerated catalyst to the contacting step.15. The process of ...

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Номер записи: 67
02-04-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TRANSPORTATION FUELS FROM OIL SANDS-DERIVED CRUDE

Номер: US20150090641A1
Автор: Diefenthal Edward L., Jordan Richard D., Schlosberg Richard H.
Принадлежит: EPIC OIL EXTRACTORS, LLC

Disclosed are processes for extracting deasphalted crude oil from oil sand. Deasphalted crude oil can be extracted using a hydrocarbon recycle solvent stream having specified Hansen blend parameters, with the oil sand being contacted with the hydrocarbon recycle solvent stream in a contact zone of a vessel to separate not greater than 80 wt % of the bitumen present on the oil sand. The separated bitumen is considered a deasphalted crude oil stream, since it has an asphaltenes content substantially lower than that of the total bitumen initially present on the oil sand. The deasphalted crude oil stream can be treated using a hydrotreating catalyst or catalytic cracking catalyst to produce transportation fuel. 1. A process for treating deasphalted crude oil extracted from oil sand , comprising:supplying a hydrocarbon recycle solvent stream to a contact zone of a vessel, wherein the recycle solvent has a Hansen dispersion blend of not greater than 16, a Hansen polarity blend of less than 1 and a Hansen polarity blend of less than 2;supplying a feed stream of oil sand to the contact zone of the vessel, wherein the oil sand is comprised of at least 4 wt % total bitumen, based on total weight of the supplied oil sand;contacting the oil sand with the hydrocarbon recycle solvent in the contact zone of the vessel to separate not greater than 80 wt % of the bitumen present on the oil sand;removing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon solvent and the separated bitumen from the contact zone of the vessel;separating the hydrocarbon solvent from the separated bitumen to produce the hydrocarbon recycle solvent stream and a deasphalted crude oil stream, wherein the deasphalted crude oil stream has an ASTM D7169 5% distillation point of from 400° F. to 700° F., an asphaltenes content of not greater than 10 wt %, a Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) of not greater than 15 wt % and sulfur content of not greater than 4 wt %, andtreating the deasphalted crude oil stream with a hydrotreating ...

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Номер записи: 68
25-03-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CO-CONVERSION OF WASTE PLASTICS IN DELAYED COKER UNIT

Номер: US20210087473A1
Автор: Chopra Anju, Das Satyen Kumar, DIXIT Shivam Ashok, Kapur Gurpreet Singh, KOTTIYATH Vimal Kakkarakkal, Mondal Prantik, PRADEEP Ponoly Ramachandran, Prasad Terapalli Hari Venkata Devi, RAMAKUMAR Sankara Sri Venkata, Sau Madhusudan, Singh Sanjiv
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for converting the waste plastic along with the petroleum residue feedstock in a Delayed Coker unit employed in refineries. The invented process aims to convert any type of waste plastic including polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene etc. including metal additized multilayer plastics along with the petroleum residue material from crude oil refining such as reduced crude oil, vacuum residue etc. Value added light distillate products like motor spirit, LPG, middle distillates etc. are produced upon co-conversion in the invented process and is recovered and treated along with the products of thermal cracking of hydrocarbon residues. The residual metals in the metal additized plastics upon co-conversion in the invented process will be deposited in the solid petroleum coke. 1. A process for conversion of a waste plastic into lighter distillate products , the process comprising:a. sending a fresh hydrocarbon feedstock into the bottom section of a main fractionator column and drawing out a secondary hydrocarbon feed from the column after mixing with an internal recycle fraction;b. feeding the secondary hydrocarbon feed after heating in a furnace to a delayed coker drum;c. loading the waste plastic into a supply vessel;d. conveying the waste plastic from the supply vessel to the delayed coker drum and then thermal cracking a mixture of the secondary feed and the waste plastic to obtain a combined product vapor inside the coke drum;e. routing the combined product vapor to a main fractionator column to obtain a light coker gasoil, a heavy coker gasoil and a coke fuel oil along with a vapor fraction; andf. sending the vapor fraction to a gas concentration (GASCON section) and separation section for separating into fuel gas, LPG and naphtha.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the waste plastic transport from the waste plastic supply vessel to the coke drums is carried out by means selected from pneumatic transport claim ...

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Номер записи: 69
30-03-2017 дата публикации

CRUDE OIL RECOVERY DEVICE

Номер: US20170088781A1
Автор: ENDOH Kazuhiro, HAYASHI Yojiro, Hayashida Kei, ISOGAMI Hisashi, KUROKAWA Hideaki, Sano Tadashi, WATANABE Masatomo
Принадлежит: Hitachi, Ltd.

Provided is a crude oil recovery device for recovering crude oil from an oil-containing mixture in a stable manner and at low running cost. The crude oil recovery device for extracting crude oil from an oil-containing mixture composed of crude oil and both or one of water and solid, including an extraction tank for mixing the oil-containing mixture with an extracting solvent, and an evaporation/liquefaction unit for distilling an extraction solution after extraction, wherein naphtha, which is a crude oil component of the oil-containing mixture, is reused as the extracting solvent, the naphtha being a distillate obtained by distillation of the extraction solution. 1. A crude oil recovery device for extracting crude oil from an oil-containing mixture composed of water , solid and crude oil , comprising:an extraction tank for mixing the oil-containing mixture with an extracting solvent; andan evaporation/liquefaction unit for distilling an extraction solution after extraction,wherein naphtha, which is a crude oil component of the oil-containing mixture, is reused as the extracting solvent, the naphtha being a distillate obtained by distillation of the extraction solution.2. The crude oil recovery device according to claim 1 ,wherein an aqueous phase containing solid is removed from the extraction tank after completion of the extraction, a new oil-containing mixture is introduced to the extraction tank, and an extraction operation is performed at least once using a remaining extraction solution.3. The crude oil recovery device according to claim 1 , which is provided with a reproduced naphtha tank for storing liquefied reproduced naphtha in a downstream of a liquefaction unit.4. The crude oil recovery device according to claim 1 , which is provided with a separation tank for separating a mixed solution into an oil phase and an aqueous phase in a downstream of the extraction tank.5. The crude oil recovery device according to claim 1 , which is provided with a centrifugal ...

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Номер записи: 70
05-05-2022 дата публикации

MECHANICALLY RESILIENT BITUMEN MICROCAPSULES FOR MIDSTREAM TRANSPORT

Номер: US20220135885A1
Автор: ANITA , Banerjee Sarbajit, Gupta Subodh, ZAHEER Wasif
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing bitumen for transport, apparatus for preparing bitumen for transport, methods of transporting bitumen, and transportation-ready forms of bitumen. Instead of relying on exogenous components to induce bitumen solidification, the methods and apparatus of the present disclosure reorganize bituminous materials derived from the same origin into core-shell bitumen microcapsules, such that relatively low solubility components (e.g. asphaltenes) encapsulate relatively high solubility components (e.g. maltenes). Importantly, the bitumen microcapsules of the present disclosure are sufficiently mechanically resilient to meet one or more thresholds for midstream transportation, and they are readily fluidized for downstream processing with conventional technologies. Taken together, these aspects may ameliorate one or more challenges in achieving commercially viable bitumen solidification technologies.

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Номер записи: 71
19-03-2020 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING OIL SANDS AND OTHER MATERIALS WITH LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Номер: US20200087575A1
Автор: Fraser Roydon Andrew, Thé Jesse
Принадлежит: Lakes Environmental Research Inc.

A method of processing a first material including an oil source, and a second material including a medium. The method includes mixing the first material and the second material to provide a blended feedstock mixture including predetermined respective proportions of the first material and the second material, and also including water. The blended feedstock mixture is heated in a pre-distillation process and is further heated in a distiller to at least partially crack and vaporize the oil source, to provide atmospheric gas oil and vacuum gas oil from the oil source, coked medium material including carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand, and a first barren hot medium material. The coked medium material is heated in a gasifier to provide a second barren hot medium material and syngas. Heat energy from certain products resulting from such heating is transferred to the blended feedstock mixture. 1. A method of processing a first material comprising an oil source and a second material comprising a medium , the method comprising:(a) mixing the first material and the second material to provide a blended feedstock mixture comprising predetermined respective proportions of the first material and the second material, the blended feedstock mixture comprising water;(b) in a pre-distillation process, heating the blended feedstock mixture to between approximately 100° C. and approximately 150° C., to produce steam from the water and to vaporize light hydrocarbons from the oil source;(c) in a distillation process, further heating the blended feedstock mixture to between approximately 535° C. and approximately 600° C. to at least partially crack and vaporize the oil source, to provide (i) atmospheric gas oil and (ii) vacuum gas oil from the oil source, (iii) a coked medium material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and the medium, and (iv) a first barren hot medium material;(d) heating the coked medium material to between approximately 700° C. and approximately 800° C.;(e) in a ...

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Номер записи: 72
07-04-2016 дата публикации

Feedstock Conversion To Fuel On High Pressure Circulating Fluidized Bed

Номер: US20160096994A1
Автор: FLORES, HARTMANN Michael P., III Eloy, LAI Hsiang Y., MEDRANO Monica R.
Принадлежит:

There is provided a process and systems for producing fuels via pyrolysis of carbonaceous feedstock under pressure and temperature in an efficient manner using a circulating fluidized bed with catalyst(s). The pressure and temperature are selected to provoke supercritical conditions, and pyrolysis, hydropyrolysis, hydrotreating, and optionally reforming treatment of the carbonaceous feedstock is carried out simultaneously in one reactor on a recirculating fluidized bed containing catalysts. 1. A process for the production of fuel comprising ,(a) providing in a reaction vessel a carbonaceous feedstock, a lift gas mixture of inert gas components, hydrogen, a fluidized bed of inert particulate solids and a hydrogenation catalyst; 'wherein the pyrolyzing comprises simultaneous pyrolysis, hydropyrolysis and hydrotreating of the carbonaceous feedstock to form said fuel.', '(b) pyrolyzing the carbonaceous feedstock to form fuel product components under temperature and pressure so as to establish supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure of at least one component of the carbonaceous feedstock, lift gas, hydrogen, water or fuel product;'}2. The process of wherein a hydrocarbon is present in said reaction vessel and said simultaneous pyrolysis claim 1 , hydropyrolysis and hydrotreating further includes simultaneous reforming wherein said hydrocarbon is reacted with water to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen.3. The process of wherein the reaction vessel is at a temperature of at least 647° K and a pressure of at least 22.1 MPa.4. The process of wherein said carbonaceous feedstock has a water content of 0% by weight to 97% by weight.5. The process of wherein the carbonaceous feedstock has a residence time is said reaction vessel of less than or equal to 5.0 seconds.6. The process of wherein said fuel has an oxygen level of less than or equal to 1000 ppm claim 1 , a nitrogen level of less than or equal to 15 ppm and a sulfur content of less than or equal to 3000 ppm.7 ...

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Номер записи: 73
07-04-2016 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Номер: US20160096999A1
Автор: ANDERSON Philip Walter, CHHEDA Juben Nemchand, JOFFRION Lamar Lane, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит:

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. 1. A method for processing cellulosic biomass solids comprising:providing a first reaction content to a reactor in a first reaction zone, where the first reaction content comprises cellulosic biomass solids, molecular hydrogen, a hydrogen-activating catalyst, and a digestion solvent;heating the first reaction content to form a first reaction product comprising phenolics and an alcoholic component;providing a second reaction content to a reactor in a second reaction zone, where the second reaction content comprises the first reaction product, molecular hydrogen, and a hydrogen-activating catalyst;heating the second reaction content to form a second reaction product comprising hydrocarbons converted from phenolics and unconverted phenolics;separating an unconverted phenolics fraction from the second reaction product;providing a first portion of the unconverted phenolics fraction to the reactor in the first reaction zone; andproviding a second portion of the unconverted phenolics fraction to the reactor in the second reaction zone.2. The method of wherein the second reaction content has a concentration of phenolics of 50% or less by weight based on the total weight of the second reaction content.3. The method of wherein the second reaction content has a water concentration of at least 10% by weight based on the ...

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Номер записи: 74
07-04-2016 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Номер: US20160097000A1
Автор: ANDERSON Philip Walter, CHHEDA Juben Nemchand, JOFFRION Lamar Lane, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит:

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. The methods and systems can further include generating hydrogen with the further hydrotreatment. 1. A method comprising:providing a first reaction content to a reactor in a first reaction zone, where the first reaction content comprises cellulosic biomass solids, molecular hydrogen, a catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, and a digestion solvent;heating the first reaction content to form a first reaction product comprising phenolics and an alcoholic component;providing a second reaction content to a reactor in a second reaction zone, where the second reaction content comprises the first reaction product, molecular hydrogen, and a catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen;heating the second reaction content to form a second reaction product comprising hydrocarbons converted from phenolics and unconverted phenolics,providing the reactor in the second reaction zone with conditions configured to generate molecular hydrogen, wherein at least one of said conditions comprises providing the reactor in the second reaction zone with a pressure of less than 200 bar;separating an unconverted phenolics fraction from the second reaction product;providing a first portion of the unconverted phenolics fraction to the reactor in the first reaction zone; andproviding a second portion of the unconverted ...

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Номер записи: 75
09-04-2015 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING OXYGEN-CONTAINING LIQUID FUEL BY BIO-OIL CATALYTIC CONVERSION

Номер: US20150099908A1
Автор: Shen Dekui, Xiao Rui, Zhang Huiyan, Zhang Yong
Принадлежит:

Devices and methods for preparing oxygen-containing liquid fuel by bio-oil catalytic conversion. A device includes a biomass fast thermal cracking system for preparing bio-oil, a bio-oil oil-water separating system for separating the bio-oil into oil phase bio-oil and water phase bio-oil that is output to an oil phase bio-oil chemical chain hydrogen production system, and a water phase bio-oil catalytic hydrogenation system. The hydrogen production system outputs produced hydrogen to the water phase bio-oil catalytic hydrogenation system to prepare a liquid fuel. A method includes the steps: thermally cracking the biomass to prepare bio-oil, separating the water phase and the oil phase, producing hydrogen from the oil phase bio-oil through a chemical chain method so as to provide a hydrogen source for the water phase bio-oil to carry out two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in a slurry bed, and separating and purifying the hydrogenated products to obtain an oxygen-containing liquid fuel. 1. A device for preparing oxygen-containing liquid fuel by catalytic conversion of bio-oil , comprising:a system for oil preparation by fast thermal cracking of biomass for preparing bio-oil; a bio-oil oil-water separation system for receiving the bio-oil, separating the bio-oil into oil-phase bio-oil and water-phase bio-oil and delivering the oil-phase bio-oil and the water-phase bio-oil to an oil-phase bio-oil chemical chain hydrogen production system and a water-phase bio-oil catalytic hydrogenation system, respectively;an oil-phase bio-oil chemical chain hydrogen production system for receiving the oil-phase bio-oil, turning it into hydrogen and low-valence metallic oxide, and delivering hydrogen to a water-phase bio-oil catalytic hydrogenation system;a water-phase bio-oil catalytic hydrogenation system for receiving the water-phase bio-oil and hydrogen, and taking low-temperature catalytic hydrogenation reaction with a catalyst to generate a hydrogenated gas-phase product;an ...

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Номер записи: 76
09-04-2015 дата публикации

System and method for converting biomass into fuel, oil and other useful products

Номер: US20150099909A1
Автор: Karlton D. Krause
Принадлежит: Individual

A system for converting animal waste into fuel, oil and other useful products is presented and includes a confinement building, a waste storage facility or lagoon for holding animal waste, a solids separating system for separating solids from liquids, a mixing and macerating unit for mixing the proper combination of fluids and solids and for managing the particle size, a pumping unit for pressurizing the system, a first heat exchanger unit, a reactor vessel, a second heat exchanger unit, an oil and water separating unit and an oil storage facility. The reactor vessel includes at least one auger blade that extend around a centrally positioned column that conducts heat into the reactor vessel. The animal waste is pumped through the reactor vessel as heated is applied. The heat and pressure converts the animal waste to oil and water which is later separated.

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Номер записи: 77
12-05-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING CRUDE OIL FROM SUBSTRATES

Номер: US20220145187A1
Автор: Azbill Keith, Clark Donald, Gago Ronald, Thayer Ian, Thompson Paul
Принадлежит:

A process allows the extraction of heavy hydrocarbon compounds from solid substrates in an economical and efficient fashion. Materials containing heavy hydrocarbons (i.e. oil sands or roofing shingles) are broken up into an auger and then mixed with light hydrocarbons. Subsequently, the resulting slurry is shaken to separate fluids from solids, and the fluids are subjected to one or more filtering processes to remove waste sediment. These filtering processes may include a series of one or more of centrifuges and nozzle purifier machines. Filtered fluids are distilled to separate heavy hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons. Simultaneously, the solids are heated to remove the remaining light hydrocarbons as vapors. Light hydrocarbons are cooled in a condenser and coalesced in a holding tank, wherefrom they may be recirculated into the process and used repeatedly. The now-isolated heavy hydrocarbons resulting from the distillation process may be removed as a purified product. 1. An extraction process for separating crude oil from substrates comprising:masticating a solid substrate in one or more feed-augers, the solid substrate containing heavy hydrocarbons, the heavy hydrocarbons having an API of less than 21;passing the solid substrate into a mixing chamber;adding light hydrocarbons to the mixing chamber, the light hydrocarbons having an API of more than 45, such that the light hydrocarbons, the heavy hydrocarbons, and solid particulates together form a slurry;purging the mixing chamber of oxygen by injecting nitrogen into the mixing chamber;passing the slurry through one or more shakers to separate the slurry into solids and fluids;passing the solids through one or more heated-augers to vaporize and remove the remaining light hydrocarbons;passing the fluids through one or more of a centrifuge and a nozzle purifier to remove solid particulates from the fluids;passing the fluids into a distillation stage;applying heat to the distillation stage to vaporize the light ...

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Номер записи: 78
14-04-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROSTATIC FILTRATION OF FINE SOLIDS FROM BITUMEN

Номер: US20160102254A1
Автор: Cullinane John Timothy, MINHAS Bhupender S.
Принадлежит: EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY

Methods are provided for removing fine particles from crude oils extracted from mined oil sands using a non-aqueous extraction solvent. A bitumen derived from non-aqueous extraction of oil from oil sands can undergo optional physical separation to remove larger particles and then processed using electrostatic filtration to remove particle fines. This can allow for production of a bitumen product from a non-aqueous extraction process that has a sufficiently low particle content to be suitable for pipeline transport. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing an electrostatic separation on at least a portion of the filtered bitumen stream comprises:passing the at least a portion of the filtered bitumen stream into a separation volume of an electrostatic separator under effective electrostatic separation conditions, the effective electrostatic separation conditions including maintaining a separation voltage across the separation volume;purging the separation volume with a purge fluid to form a purged portion of the bitumen product; andwashing the separation volume with the extraction solvent, a washing voltage across the separation volume during the washing being less than the separation voltage.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the performing of the electrostatic separation comprises a cyclic process claim 2 , a second passing of at least a portion of the filtered bitumen stream being performed after the washing of the separation volume.4. The method of claim 2 , the method further comprising removing the extraction solvent from the separation volume after the washing of the separation volume claim 2 , the removing of the extraction solvent being performed with the purge fluid.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the washing voltage is 0 claim 2 , the washing voltage is a voltage produced by stopping power to at least one electrode associated with the separation volume claim 2 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the ...

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Номер записи: 79
26-03-2020 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CATALYTIC PRESSURELESS DEPOLYMERIZATION OF HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCES

Номер: US20200095505A1
Автор: Koch Christian
Принадлежит:

A method or catalytic compressed air conversion of hydrocarbonaceous substances to oil has the steps of: providing a hydrocarbonaceous substance and a catalyst oil in a mixing turbine, mixing the catalyst oil with the hydrocarbonaceous substance to give a mixture, where the step of mixing comprises producing heat for a catalytic oxidation in the mixing turbine, providing the distillation device downstream of the mixing turbine, removing liquid constituents of the mixture into the distillation device, distilling the liquid constituents, and collecting oil and water, and is characterized in that the step of mixing comprises introducing oxygen into the mixing turbine. An apparatus with which this method can be employed has a mixing turbine comprising a first feed for a catalyst oil and a hydrocarbonaceous substance and an outlet for liquid constituents after a catalytic oxidation. In addition, such an apparatus comprises a distillation device for distilling the liquid constituents led out of the mixing turbine and a collecting device for collecting oil and water separated out from the distillation device, wherein the mixing turbine has a second feed for oxygen. The present invention relates to a method of catalytic ambient-pressure conversion of hydrocarbonaceous substances to oil, comprising the steps of providing a hydrocarbonaceous substance and a catalyst oil in a mixing turbine; mixing the catalyst oil with the hydrocarbonaceous substance to give a mixture; where the step of mixing comprises producing heat for a catalytic oxidation in the mixing turbine; providing a distillation device downstream of the mixing turbine; removing liquid constituents of the mixture into the distillation device; distilling the liquid constituents; and collecting oil and water.The present invention also relates to an apparatus for catalytic ambient-pressure conversion of hydrocarbonaceous substances to oil, having a mixing turbine comprising a first feed for a catalyst oil and a ...

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Номер записи: 80
12-04-2018 дата публикации

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR CO-PROCESSING OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS AND HEAVY PETROLEUM FUELS

Номер: US20180100106A1
Автор: Lin Hongfei, ZHANG Qikai, Zheng Ying
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is an economically viable co-process for converting biomass to liquid biohydrocarbon fuels and for upgrading heavy deteriorate petrol-oils to high value transportation fuels. In the process, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin, which are composed of ligno-cellulosic biomass, are converted to the bio-hydrocarbons (alkanes and aromatics) that are currently derived almost exclusively from fossil fuels. The resulted hydrocarbon liquid can be separated against their boiling points for gasoline, diesel and heavy oils. The heavy oils can then cracked into lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, the co-processed heavy petro-fuels are partially converted into lower molecular weight hydrocarbons that fall in the boiling point range of gasoline and diesel. 1. A process for co-processing of lignocellulosic biomass and heavy petroleum fuels , comprising:mixing lignocellulosic biomass, heated heavy petroleum fuels and a metal oxide based catalyst in a mixer to produce a mixture;{'sub': 2', '2, 'flowing the mixture to a reactor maintained at a pressure in a range from about 101 kPa to about 10 kPa and maintained at a temperature in a range from about 200° C. to about 450° C. and applying external forces to the mixture to produce longitudinal waves and shear stress in the mixture wherein responsively adiabatically erupting bubbles accompanied by high temperature and pressure are produced, and wherein in-situ hydrogen is generated, and wherein lignocellulosic biomass depolymerizes thereby generating a variety of free radicals and intermediates, wherein the free radicals and intermediates react with hydrocarbon molecules in the heavy petroleum fuels such that large hydrocarbon molecules are cracked into smaller hydrocarbon molecules, and a combination of intermediate with hydrocarbon molecules and in which oxygen is eliminated in the form of CO, COand HO;'}withdrawing gaseous products from the reactor to a distillation unit;flowing remaining solids and ...

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Номер записи: 81
02-06-2022 дата публикации

CO-PROCESSING OF BIOMASS OIL IN COKER

Номер: US20220169928A1
Автор: KIM HYUNG R., MABON Ross, Novak William J., Pierson Meghan E., Schutt Kirsten E., XU Xiaochun
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of biomass oil with mineral coker feeds in a coking environment. The coking can correspond to any convenient type of coking, such as delayed coking or fluidized coking. The biomass oil can correspond to biomass oil with a molar ratio of oxygen to carbon of 0.24 or less on a dry basis. Such types of biomass oil can be formed from pyrolysis methods such as hydrothermal pyrolysis, and are in contrast to biomass oils formed from pyrolysis methods such as fast pyrolysis. By using a biomass oil with a molar ratio of oxygen to carbon of 0.24 or less, improved yields of light coker gas oil can be achieved in conjunction with a reduction in the yield of heavy coker gas oil. 1. A method for co-processing biomass , comprising:exposing a biomass oil comprising an oxygen to carbon molar ratio of 0.10 to 0.24 on a dry basis and a feedstock comprising a vacuum resid boiling range fraction to a catalyst in a reactor under coking conditions to form one or more liquid product fractions, the biomass oil comprising 2.5 wt % to 50 wt % of a combined weight of the biomass oil and the feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass oil comprises a hydrogen to carbon molar ratio of 1.2 or more.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass oil comprises an effective molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon of 0.7 or more.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass oil comprises 1.0 wt % to 20 wt % of oxygen.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises converting a biomass feed under pyrolysis conditions to form the biomass oil.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pyrolysis conditions comprise hydrothermal pyrolysis conditions claim 5 , hydropyrolysis conditions claim 5 , catalytic pyrolysis conditions claim 5 , or a combination thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coking conditions comprise delayed coking conditions.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coking conditions comprise fluidized coking ...

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Номер записи: 82
02-06-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DILUENT FROM DILBIT, TRANSPORTATION, AND TREATMENT OF HEAVY OIL

Номер: US20220170354A1
Автор: BELL Kelly Margaret, BUTLER Meghan Elizabeth, DONG Dahai, HICKS Steve, KOSKOWICH Timothy Michael, PALMISANO Eusebio, SOMERVILLE Michael, STILLWELL Michael Douglas
Принадлежит:

A process for producing diluent for use in a hydrocarbon recovery process includes heating a dilbit feed stream comprising hydrocarbons produced from a hydrocarbon reservoir and an added diluent, to a temperature of 350° C. or less, fractionating the dilbit feed stream after heating to produce a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the light fraction comprising the diluent, additional light hydrocarbons, and sour water, separating the sour water from a remainder of the light fraction, and stabilizing the remainder of the light fraction to provide recovered diluent and cooling the recovered diluent. A volume of the recovered diluent is greater than a volume of the added diluent. 1. A process for producing diluent for use in a hydrocarbon recovery process , the process comprising:heating a dilbit feed stream comprising hydrocarbons produced from a hydrocarbon reservoir and an added diluent, to a temperature of 350° C. or less;fractionating the dilbit feed stream after heating to produce a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the light fraction comprising the diluent, additional light hydrocarbons, and sour water;separating the sour water from a remainder of the light fraction;stabilizing the remainder of the light fraction to provide recovered diluent and cooling the recovered diluent, wherein a volume of the recovered diluent is greater than a volume of the added diluent.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein fractionating the dilbit feed stream comprises feeding the dilbit feed stream after heating to an upper portion of a diluent recovery unit.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein fractionating the dilbit feed stream comprises introducing a stripping steam below a location at which the dilbit feed stream is introduced to the diluent recovery unit.4. The process according to claim 3 , comprising introducing the dilbit feed stream to a flash vessel prior to heating to provide an overhead from the flash vessel and liquids claim 3 , and wherein heating ...

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Номер записи: 83
21-04-2016 дата публикации

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING PETROLEUM OIL FROM SOIL

Номер: US20160109339A1
Автор: CASTILLO PALACIOS Mauricio, CUERO RENGIFO Raul, Russi Castillo Jennifer Melissa, Trujillo Montenegro Jhon Henry
Принадлежит: INTERNATIONAL PARK OF CREATIVITY

Described herein are compositions and methods for effectively removing from soil samples. By isolating the oil from the soil sample, it is possible to accurately evaluate the different properties of the oil in the sample. 1. A method for isolating petroleum oil from a soil sample , the method comprising:a. obtaining a sample comprising petroleum oil;b. contacting the sample with a digestion composition; andc. filtering the sample in order to isolate a filtrate, wherein the filtrate comprises the petroleum oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digestion composition comprises a polysaccharide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digestion composition comprises chitosan.4. The method of or claim 1 , wherein the digestion composition comprises one or more organic solvents.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent comprises a linear or branched hydrocarbon claim 4 , a halogenated hydrocarbon claim 4 , or a mixture thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digestion composition comprises chitosan claim 1 , hexane claim 1 , and dichloromethane.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soil sample comprises sandy soil claim 1 , sludge claim 1 , clay sediment claim 1 , silt claim 1 , sandy sediment claim 1 , or any combination thereof.8. A digestion composition comprising chitosan claim 1 , a linear or branched hydrocarbon claim 1 , and a halogenated hydrocarbon.9. A digestion composition comprising chitosan claim 1 , hexane claim 1 , and dichloromethane. This application claims priority upon U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/826,242, filed May 22, 2013. The application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all of its teachings.Oil exploration is a process which is not only costly and uncertain but also time-consuming, technology-intensive, and labor-intensive. Typically, a large capital investment is required. Many oil exploration techniques involve targeting traces of petroleum which are believed to be connected to, or ...

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Номер записи: 84
09-06-2022 дата публикации

GASIFICATION OF TORREFIED TEXTILES AND FOSSIL FUELS

Номер: US20220177788A1
Автор: Bitting Daryl, Parker Kenny Randolph, Polasek Michael Gary, Sllivensky David Eugene, Wu Xianchun
Принадлежит: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY

Recycle content pyoil is cracked in a cracker furnace to make olefins and the coil outlet temperature of the r-pyoil fed coils can he lowered by adding r-pyoil to the cracker feedstock, or alternatively, the coil outlet temperature of the r-pyoil fed tubes can rise if the mass flow rates of the combined cracker stream containing r-pyoil are kept the same or lowered. Further, increasing the hydrocarbon mass flow rate by addition of r-pyoil can be achieved to also increase the output of ethylene and propylene in the cracker effluent. The cracker furnace can accept ethane and/or propane feedstocks in vapor form along with a liquid and/or vapor feed of r-pyoil. 1. A method for making one or more olefins , said method comprising:(a) cracking a cracker stream in a cracking unit at a first coil outlet temperature;(b) subsequent to step (a), adding a stream comprising a recycle content pyrolysis oil composition (r-pyoil) to said cracker stream to form a combined cracker stream; and(c) cracking said combined cracker stream in said cracking unit at a second coil outlet temperature, wherein said second coil outlet temperature is lower than said first coil outlet temperature.252-. (canceled)53. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon mass flow rate of the combined cracker stream is substantially the same as or higher than the hydrocarbon mass flow rate of the cracker stream in step (a).54. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cracker stream comprises a predominantly C-Chydrocarbon containing stream.55. The method of claim 1 , wherein said r-pyoil has a 50% boiling point that is at least 5 percent higher than the 50% boiling point of said cracker stream.56. The method of claim 53 , wherein said second coil outlet temperature is at least 35° C. lower than said first coil outlet temperature.57. The method of claim 1 , wherein said r-pyoil is obtained from the pyrolysis of waste plastic.58. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , prior to said cracking claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 85
27-04-2017 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR MAKING RENEWABLE FUELS

Номер: US20170114282A1
Автор: Cheiky Michael C., MALYALA RAJASHEKHARAM
Принадлежит:

Multiple catalytic processing stations couple with a system which produces volatile gas streams from biomass decomposition at discrete increasing temperatures. These catalytic processing stations can be programmed to maximize conversion of biomass to useful renewable fuel components based on input feedstock and desired outputs. 128-. (canceled)29. A method for converting biomass to renewable fuels , comprising:providing a system containing a number of processing stations (N) in communication with a series of catalysts;heating a biomass within the stations at a starting temperature (Tstart) to produce a volatile and a non-volatile component, to provide volatile components suitable for producing at least one renewable fuel; andsubjecting the volatile components generated in at least one station through the series of catalysts to produce at least one renewable fuel, wherein at least one of the heating and the series of catalysts is determined based on the biomass composition.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the heating is based on the biomass composition.31. The method of claim 29 , wherein said series of catalyst is based on the biomass composition.32. The method of claim 29 , wherein the biomass is a lipid-rich biomass.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the biomass is subjected to a temperature of less than 300° C. in a first station.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the volatile components from the first station are contacted with a dehydration catalyst to produce a product which on cooling to a temperature range of 1-20° C. produces a second volatile component claim 33 , a first renewable fuel and water.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the dehydration catalyst operates at less than 2 bar pressure and in a temperature range of 400-700° C.36. The method of claim 34 , further comprising routing the second volatile component to an aromatization catalyst to produce a second product.37. The method of claim 29 , wherein the biomass is a hemicellulose-rich ...

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Номер записи: 86
05-05-2016 дата публикации

OIL PURIFYING APPARATUS

Номер: US20160122655A1
Автор: Fujimoto Yasuhiro, Ichikawa Katsuichi, Kitano Yoshio, Tonomura Toru, Yamamori Kiyohiro
Принадлежит:

In order to improve heat recovery efficiency in purifying oil from an organic substance using superheated steam, the present invention provides an oil purifying apparatus for thermally decomposing an organic substance with superheated steam and purifying oil from gas components generated by thermal decomposition, which includes: a heat treatment container for storing the organic substance; and a superheated steam generating part for generating the superheated steam to be supplied into the heat treatment container, and the superheated steam generating part is provided in the heat treatment container. 1. An oil purifying apparatus for thermally decomposing an organic substance with superheated steam and purifying oil from gas components generated by thermal decomposition , comprising:a heat treatment container for storing the organic substance; anda superheated steam generating part for generating the superheated steam to be supplied into the heat treatment container, whereinthe superheated steam generating part is provided in the heat treatment container.2. The oil purifying apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the superheated steam generating part comprises: a conductor pipe having an inlet port for introducing water or steam into the superheated steam generating part and an outlet port for deriving the superheated steam; and an electric heating mechanism for electrically heating the conductor pipe and causing the superheated steam to be generated.3. The oil purifying apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the conductor pipe is formed to have a straight pipe shape and a plurality of outlet ports are provided along a flow path direction in an outer surface of the conductor pipe.4. The oil purifying apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the electric heating mechanism comprises: a first power supply member connected to one end side of the conductor pipe; a second power supply member connected to another end side of the conductor pipe; and an AC power supply ...

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Номер записи: 87
04-05-2017 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF SOLID BIOMASS INTO A LIQUID HYDROCARBON MATERIAL

Номер: US20170121609A1
Автор: CHILKOOR SOUNDARARAJAN Laxmi Narasimhan, DEL PAGGIO Alan Anthony, PANCHAGNULA Madhusudhan Rao, URADE Vikrant Nanasaheb
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: 1. A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock , said process comprising the steps of:a) providing in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition, said composition comprising one or more active metals selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium and iron on an oxide support, wherein at least a portion of the active metals are present in fully reduced metallic form;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'b) contacting the solid biomass feedstock with said first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in said first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.50 to 7.50 MPa, to produce a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, HO, H, CO, CO, C-Cgases, char and catalyst fines;'}c) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'd) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst and of the HO, CO, CO, H, and C-Cgas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, HO, CO, CO, hydrogen and C-Cgases.'}2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the active metals are selected from one or more of cobalt claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , and iron.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroconversion catalyst is selected from sulfided catalysts comprising one or more metals from the group consisting of nickel claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , molybdenum or tungsten supported on a metal oxide.4. A process ...

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Номер записи: 88
31-07-2014 дата публикации

Pyrolysis Oil Made with a Microwave-Transparent Reaction Chamber for Production of Fuel from an Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20140208638A1
Автор: Catto Michael L., Van Thorre Douglas M.
Принадлежит:

A pyrolysis oil composition by an oxygen-starved microwave process from an organic-carbon-containing feedstock is described. Feedstock is introduced into a substantially microwave-transparent reaction chamber. A microwave source emits microwaves which are directed through the microwave-transparent wall of the reaction chamber to impinge on the feedstock within the reaction chamber. The microwave source may be rotated relative to the reaction chamber. The feedstock is subjected to microwaves until the desired reaction occurs to produce a fuel. A catalyst can be mixed with the feedstock to enhance the reaction process. 1. A composition by process comprising a pyrolysis oil composition made from an organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is passed through a microwave process system , comprising:a. at least one reaction chamber within a microwave reflecting enclosure, the reaction chamber comprising at least one microwave-transparent chamber wall and at least one reaction cavity within the reaction chamber that is configured to hold the organic-carbon-containing feedstock in an externally supplied oxygen free atmosphere;b. a microwave subsystem comprising at least one device configured to emit microwaves when energized, the microwave device positioned relative to the reaction chamber so that the microwaves are directed through the microwave-transparent chamber wall and into the reaction cavity; andc. a mechanism configured to provide relative motion between the microwave device and the reaction chamber;the pyrolysis oil composition comprising substantially no free water and has a specific gravity less than 1.2.2. The pyrolysis oil composition of claim 1 , wherein specific gravity is at least 0.1 less than would have been in a pyrolysis oil composition made with the same feedstock but using a thermal process that creates a liquid phase during the process.3. The pyrolysis oil composition of further comprising having a specific gravity that is at least 20 percent less ...

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Номер записи: 89
12-05-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR EVAPORATING VOLATILE MATERIAL TO RECYCLE OIL SHALE EXTRACTION RESIDUE, AND METHOD FOR RECYCLING OIL SHALE EXTRACTION RESIDUE BY USING SAME

Номер: US20160130507A1
Автор: Chung Soo Hyun
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a recycling system and a method for recycling by means of same, in which sludge, an extraction residue of oil shale, is drawn into a light oil mixing tank and mixed thoroughly by means of light oil or an extractant to separate heavy oil, then heavy oil and the extractant/light oil are additionally recovered by means of a sludge separation apparatus, and the oil shale sludge, which is an extraction residue, is transported, after preliminary storage in an intermediate storage tank, to an evaporation apparatus for recovering light oil so as to maximally recover the extractant/light oil and the like which is the final organic material possible to be recovered, thereby allowing dry oil shale residue to be generated. The present invention has the benefit of increasing the amount heavy oil recovered by additionally recovering heavy oil and light oil/extractant still remaining within the sludge, an extraction residue of oil shale from which heavy oil has been recovered by means of an extractant, and of allowing an environment-friendly post-processing step of eliminating the light oil/extractant and the like, which are the final discharges, from within the oil shale residue and thus reducing the organic content therein, and of minimizing the amount of light oil and extractant in the residual sludge by passing the heavy oil through the sludge separation apparatus and an evaporation process after extracting the heavy oil from the oil shale by means of the light oil or an extractant. 131-. (canceled)32. An evaporation system for recycling oil shale extraction residue treated and discharged through a kerogen extraction device and a sludge separation apparatus , the evaporation system comprising;{'b': 100', '10', '11, 'a light oil mixing tank () for mixing an oil shale extraction residue () with a light oil or an extractant () so as to extract a heavy oil;'}{'b': 200', '100, 'a sludge separation apparatus () for separating the mixed oil of the ...

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Номер записи: 90
21-05-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-RICH COAL TAR

Номер: US20150136655A1
Автор: Chen John Q., Coughlin Peter K., Frey Stanley J., Johnson James A., Thakkar Vasant P.
Принадлежит:

A process for producing hydrogen-rich coal tar includes introducing a coal feed into a pyrolysis zone, and contacting the coal feed with a hydrogen donor stream and a multifunctional catalyst in the pyrolysis zone. The multifunctional catalyst includes a hydrogenation function for increasing a hydrogen content of said coal tar stream. The process further includes pyrolyzing the coal feed with the hydrogen donor stream and the multifunctional catalyst to produce a coke stream and a coal tar stream comprising hydrocarbon vapor. 1. A process for producing hydrogen-rich coal tar , comprising:introducing a coal feed into a pyrolysis zone;contacting said coal feed with a hydrogen donor stream and a multifunctional catalyst in said pyrolysis zone, said multifunctional catalyst comprising a hydrogenation function for increasing hydrogen content of said coal tar stream;pyrolyzing said coal feed with the hydrogen donor stream and said multifunctional catalyst to produce a coke stream and a coal tar stream comprising hydrocarbon vapor.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:hydrotreating at least a portion of said coal tar stream, wherein said hydrotreating produces water, and the water is recycled to said pyrolysis zone as the hydrogen donor stream.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:hydrotreating at least a portion of said coal tar stream, wherein said hydrotreating produces ammonia, and said ammonia is recycled to said pyrolysis zone as said hydrogen donor stream,wherein said multifunctional catalyst further comprises a function for decomposing ammonia to nitrogen and hydrogen, said hydrogen reacting on said hydrogenation function of said multifunction catalyst to increase a hydrogen content of said coal tar stream.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said hydrogenation function increases said hydrogen content of said coal tar stream by at least partially hydrogenating at least a portion of said hydrocarbon vapor.5. The process of claim 4 , further ...

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Номер записи: 91
21-05-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PYROLYSIS OF COAL

Номер: US20150136656A1
Автор: Barger Paul T., Bricker Maureen L., Kocal Joseph A., Lippmann Matthew
Принадлежит:

A process for pyrolyzing a coal feed is described. The coal feed is pyrolyzed into a coal tar stream and a coke stream in a pyrolysis zone. The coal tar stream is fractionated into at least a pitch stream. The pitch stream is hydrogenated, and the hydrogenated pitch stream is recycled into the pyrolysis zone. The hydrocarbon stream may be processed further by at least one of hydrotreating, hydrocracking, fluid catalytic cracking, alkylation, and transalkylation. 1. A process comprising:pyrolyzing a coal feed into a coal tar stream and a coke stream in a pyrolysis zone;separating the coal tar stream into at least a pitch stream;hydrogenating the pitch stream; andrecycling the hydrogenated pitch stream into the pyrolysis zone.2. The process of wherein hydrogenating the pitch stream comprises contacting the pitch stream with a hydrogenation catalyst consisting of metal selected from the group consisting of Group VI metals (Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W) claim 1 , Group VII metals (Mn claim 1 , Tc claim 1 , Re) claim 1 , or Group VIII metals (Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Pt) and combinations thereof supported on an inorganic oxide claim 1 , carbide or sulfide support claim 1 , including AlO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , SiO—AlO claim 1 , zeolites claim 1 , non-zeolitic molecular sieves claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , and SiC.3. The process of wherein hydrogenating the pitch stream takes place at a temperature between about 250° C. and about 500° C.4. The process of wherein the hydrogenation takes place at a pressure between about 1.72 MPa (about 250 psig) and about 20.7 MPa (about 3 claim 1 ,000 psig).5. The process of wherein separating the coal tar stream further provides a hydrocarbon stream.6. The process of further comprising:recovering at least one product from the hydrocarbon stream.7. The process of further comprising:feeding additional coal feed into the pyrolysis zone; ...

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Номер записи: 92
21-05-2015 дата публикации

HYDROTREATING PROCESS AND MULTIFUNCTION HYDROTREATER

Номер: US20150136657A1
Автор: Barger Paul T., Bricker Maureen L., Chen John Q., Coughlin Peter K., Frey Stanley J., Johnson James A., Kocal Joseph A., Lippmann Matthew, Thakkar Vasant P.
Принадлежит:

A multifunction hydrotreater includes a particulate removal zone having a particulate trap to remove particulate contaminants from a coal tar stream and a demetallizing zone including a demetallizing catalyst to remove organically bound metals from the departiculated stream. The demetallizing zone is positioned after the particulate removal zone. The hydrotreater also includes a hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation zone positioned after the demetallization zone, which includes at least one hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to provide a hydrotreated coal tar stream. 1. A multifunction hydrotreater comprising:a particulate removal zone comprising a particulate trap to remove particulate contaminants from a coal tar stream;a demetallizing zone comprising a demetallizing catalyst to remove organically bound metals from the de-particulated stream, the demetallizing zone positioned after the particulate removal zone; anda hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation zone comprising at least one hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to provide a hydrotreated coal tar stream, the hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation zone positioned after the demetallizing zone.2. The multifunction hydrotreater of claim 1 , wherein said hydrodesulfurization claim 1 , hydrodenitrogenation claim 1 , and hydrodeoxygenation zone comprises:a first zone comprising a first hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation catalyst; anda second zone comprising a second hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation catalyst.3. The multifunction hydrotreater of claim 2 , wherein each of said first and second catalysts includes one or more of a nickel-molybdenum catalyst claim 2 , a cobalt-molybdenum catalyst claim 2 , a nickel-tungsten catalyst claim 2 , and a nickel-cobalt-molybdenum catalyst.4. The ...

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Номер записи: 93
21-05-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REMOVING ASH AND HEAVY HYDROCARBONS FROM COAL TAR

Номер: US20150136658A1
Автор: Barger Paul T., Bricker Maureen L., Kocal Joseph A., Lippmann Matthew, Vanden Bussche Kurt M.
Принадлежит:

A process for removing ash and heavy hydrocarbon compounds from coal is described. The coal feed, the coal tar stream, or a coal tar fraction is contacted with a solvent to dissolve a soluble portion of the coal tar stream, the ash and heavy hydrocarbons being insoluble in the solvent, the solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, dimethyl formamide, glyme, diglyme, ionic liquids, and combinations thereof, with the proviso that an anion of the ionic liquid is not a dialkylphosphate. 1. A process for removing ash and heavy hydrocarbon compounds from coal comprising:pyrolyzing a coal feed into a coal tar stream and a coke stream;separating the coal tar stream into at least two fractions;contacting one or more of the coal tar stream, or one of the fractions with a solvent to dissolve a soluble portion of the coal tar stream, or one of the fractions, the ash and heavy hydrocarbons being insoluble in the solvent, the solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, dimethyl formamide, glyme, diglyme, ionic liquids, and combinations thereof, with the proviso that an anion of the ionic liquid is not a dialkylphosphate.2. The process of further comprising separating the ash and heavy hydrocarbons from the solvent.3. The process of wherein the ash and heavy hydrocarbons are separated from the solvent by one or more of settling claim 2 , decantation claim 2 , filtration claim 2 , centrifugation claim 2 , and using a filter column.4. The process of wherein the solvent is the ionic liquid and wherein the ionic liquid comprises imidizolium-based ionic liquids claim 1 , pyridinium-based ionic liquids claim 1 , pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids claim 1 , ammonium-based ionic liquids claim 1 , sulphonium-based ionic liquids claim 1 , phosphonium-based ionic liquids claim 1 , caprolactam-based ionic liquids claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. The process of wherein the solvent is the ionic liquid and wherein the anion ...

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Номер записи: 94
11-05-2017 дата публикации

EFFICIENT OILL SHALE RECOVERY METHOD

Номер: US20170130182A1
Автор: WALLAGE Raymond ROGER
Принадлежит:

The subject matter herein provides a biotic method for recovering one or more hydrocarbons from a feedstock that includes one or more of oil shale, bituminous tar sand, coal and cellulous at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The method comprises loading the feedstock into a container, treating the feedstock in the container with a biomedium of micro-organisms, and forming an essentially liquid mixture from the feedstock and the biomass by rotary tumbling the feedstock and the biomedium in the container. The essentially liquid mixture is then separated into the one or more hydrocarbons by centrifuging. 1) A biodigester for recovering one or more hydrocarbons from a feedstock , the feedstock including one or more of oil shale , tar sand , coal and cellulose , the biodigester comprising:a rotating mixing drum with an inside surface, an outside surface, and a radial opening at a first axial end;a drive ring at a second axial end configured to rotate the mixing drum about an axis in both a clockwise and a counter clockwise;a removable lid configured to cover and rotate with the radial opening, the removable lid comprising a elastomeric gasket, wherein the elastomeric gasket is sandwiched between the radial opening and the removable lid;a rotating joint member attached to a center of the removable lid; anda stationary lever arm attached to the rotating joint member, the stationary lever arm configured to hold the removable lid airtight against the radial opening.2) The biodigester of claim 1 , further comprising a pressure relief valve penetrating the removable lid.3) The biodigester of claim 1 , further comprising a mixing vane fixedly secured and extending from the inside surface of the rotating mixing drum.4) The biodigester of claim 3 , wherein the mixing vane spirals from the first coaxial end to the second coaxial end.5) The biodigester of claim 1 , further comprising an elastomeric gasket claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric gasket is sandwiched between the radial ...

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Номер записи: 95
19-05-2016 дата публикации

Process for Recycling Oil-Sorbing Polymeric Media

Номер: US20160137925A1
Автор: Rogers Chad A.
Принадлежит:

Recycling spent hydrophobic polymeric media can beneficially utilize waste oil to dissolve the media. The method employs simple equipment and materials, many or all of which are already on location in various industrial operations such as fracking operations or food production factories. The method does not call for landfilling spent media, thus reducing the environmental impact and reducing expense. Transport costs for spent media and disposal fees can likely decrease. The resulting product can be sold to refineries for further processing and repurposing, thus generating additional revenue. 1. A substantially homogeneous fluid composition comprising:a. a hydrophobic oleophilic hydrocarbon polymer; andb. waste oil in an amount greater than or equal to the saturation point of the hydrophobic oleophilic hydrocarbon polymer.2. The composition of further comprising a complimentary solvent.3. A process comprising: i. a hydrophobic oleophilic hydrocarbon polymer having oil-sorbing properties with oil sorbed thereon; and', 'ii. waste oil in an amount greater or equal to the saturation point of the hydrophobic oleophilic hydrocarbon polymer; and, 'a. combining in the absence of additional heatb. allowing the polymeric composition and the waste oil to react for an amount of time sufficient to produce a substantially homogeneous fluid hydrocarbon composition.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the polymer is substantially free from inorganic components.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the polymer has a backbone comprising double bonds and lacks attached benzyl rings.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the polymer comprises approximately 10%-90% styrene by weight.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) claim 6 , styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) claim 6 , styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) claim 6 , styrene-isobutylene-styrene (SIBS) claim 6 , and combinations thereof.8. The process of claim ...

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Номер записи: 96
09-05-2019 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PROCESS TO PRODUCE ASPHALT AND DESULFURIZED OIL

Номер: US20190136139A1
Автор: BOURANE Abdennour, KOSEOGLU Omer Refa
Принадлежит:

An integrated process is provided to produce asphalt and desulfurized oil. Sulfur molecules contained in heavy petroleum fractions, including organosulfur molecules, and in certain embodiments organonitrogen molecules are oxidized. The polar oxidized sulfur compounds shift from the oil phase to the asphalt phase. 1. An integrated process for separating oil and asphalt in a feedstock comprising:charging the feedstock and an effective quantity of homogeneous catalyst that contains transition metal catalyst active species selected from the group of V(V) and Ti (IV) to an oxidizing unit along with an effective quantity of oxidant to produce an intermediate charge containing oxidized organosulfur compounds; andpassing the intermediate charge to a solvent deasphalting unit along with an effective quantity of solvent to produce a deasphalted/desulfurized oil phase and an asphalt phase containing oxidized organosulfur compounds.2. The process as in in which the oxidizing unit is an asphalt oxidizer.3. The process as in wherein the intermediate charge contains oxidized organosulfur compounds and oxidized organonitrogen compounds.4. The process as in wherein the oxidized organosulfur compounds and oxidized organonitrogen compounds are insoluble in the solvent used in the solvent deasphalting unit and thereby shift to the asphalt phase.5. The process as in wherein the oxidizing unit is operated at an inlet temperature in the range of from 100-300° C.6. The process as in wherein the oxidizing unit is operated at an inlet temperature in the range of from 150-200° C.7. The process as in wherein the oxidizing unit is operated at a temperature in the range of from 150-400° C.8. The process as in wherein the oxidizing unit is operated at a temperature in the range of from 250-300° C.9. The process as in wherein the oxidizing unit is operated at a pressure in the range of from ambient to 60 bars.10. The process as in wherein the oxidizing unit is operated at a pressure in the range ...

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Номер записи: 97
26-05-2016 дата публикации

Conversion of Lignin to Fuels and Aromatics

Номер: US20160145497A1
Автор: Keusenkothen Paul F., Lattner James R., Xu Teng
Принадлежит:

Methods are provided for converting lignin-containing biomass into compounds that are more readily processed to form fuel and/or chemical products. The methods can allow for removal of at least a portion of the oxygen in lignin, either during or after depolymerization of lignin to single ring aromatic compounds, while optionally reducing or minimizing aromatic saturation performed on the aromatic compounds. The methods can include use of quench solvent to control reactions within the product stream from a pyrolysis process and/or use of a solvent to assist with hydroprocessing of lignin, lignin-containing biomass, or a pyrolysis oil. 1. A method of converting lignin to aromatic compounds , comprising:processing a lignin-containing feed under effective depolymerization conditions to form a depolymerized effluent containing monolignols;mixing the depolymerized effluent with a solvent to form a mixture of depolymerized effluent and solvent, the solvent having a T5 boiling point of at least about 240° C. and comprising at least about 50 wt % of aromatic compounds; andexposing at least a portion of the depolymerized effluent and solvent to a deoxygenation catalyst under effective deoxygenation conditions to form at least a deoxygenated effluent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing a lignin-containing feed under effective depolymerization conditions comprises processing the lignin-containing feed under effective pyrolysis conditions in a pyrolysis reaction zone to form a pyrolysis effluent claim 1 , the pyrolysis effluent exiting the pyrolysis reaction zone at an exit temperature.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein mixing the depolymerized effluent with a solvent to form a mixture of depolymerized effluent and solvent comprises:mixing the pyrolysis effluent with a quench solvent, the quench solvent being at a quench solvent temperature and the pyrolysis effluent being at a mixing temperature that is less than about 100° C. different than the exit temperature; ...

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Номер записи: 98
26-05-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR HEAVY OIL UPGRADING IN A DOUBLE-WALL REACTOR

Номер: US20160145499A1
Автор: Alabdulhadi Abdullah T., Choi Ki-Hyouk, LEE Joo-Hyeong
Принадлежит:

A process for reducing coke formation during hydrocarbon upgrading reactions using a double-wall reactor comprising the steps of feeding a heated feed water to a shell-side volume of the double-wall reactor to produce a heat transfer stream, the double-wall reactor comprising an exterior wall and an interior wall, a reaction section volume, a heating element configured to heat the heat transfer stream, wherein heat is transferred from the heat transfer stream to the reaction section volume, feeding the hot water return exiting the shell-side volume through a filter; mixing the filtered water stream with a heated hydrocarbon feedstock; feeding the mixed stream to the reaction section volume in a configuration counter-current to the heat transfer stream; reacting the reaction flow stream at a reaction temperature, wherein the heat transferred to the reaction section volume is operable to maintain the reaction temperature above the critical temperature of water. 1. A process for reducing coke formation during hydrocarbon upgrading reactions using a double-wall reactor , the process comprising the steps of: an exterior wall and an interior wall, the exterior wall and the interior wall defining the shell-side volume disposed between,', 'a reaction section volume bounded by the interior wall,', 'a heating element, the heating element adjacent to the exterior wall, wherein the heating element is configured to heat the heat transfer stream to create a hot water return, such that the heat transfer stream is above the critical temperature of water, wherein heat is transferred from the heat transfer stream through the interior wall to the reaction section volume, wherein the hot water return exits the shell-side volume,', 'wherein the heat transfer stream is at a temperature greater than the critical temperature of water and is at a pressure greater than the critical pressure of water;, 'feeding a heated feed water to a shell-side volume of the double-wall reactor to produce a ...

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Номер записи: 99
17-06-2021 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS FROM POLYOLEFINS BY SUPERCRITICAL WATER

Номер: US20210179946A1
Автор: ALBAHAR Mohammed Z., ALNASIR Ali S., Choi Ki-Hyouk
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method and system for recycling a plastic material to produce hydrocarbons. A plastic feed and a water feed are introduced to a first stage reactor. The first stage reactor is operated at a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature equal to or greater than 373.9 deg. C. to produce an effluent stream. Residual solid components can be removed from the effluent stream. The effluent stream is introduced to a second stage reactor. The second stage reactor is operated at a pressure less than that of the first stage reactor but equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature greater than that of the first stage reactor to produce a product stream. The plastic feed can include polyolefins. Optionally, a sulfur additive feed can be introduced either to the first stage reactor or the second stage reactor. Optionally, a residual oil feed can be introduced either to the first stage reactor or the second stage reactor. 1. A method for recycling a plastic material to produce hydrocarbons , the method comprising the steps of:introducing a plastic feed and a water feed to a first stage reactor, wherein the plastic feed comprises the plastic material, wherein the first stage reactor is operated at a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature equal to or greater than 373.9 deg. C. to produce an effluent stream, wherein the effluent stream comprises a mixture of the plastic material and water; andintroducing the effluent stream to a second stage reactor, wherein the second stage reactor is operated at a pressure less than that of the first stage reactor but equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature greater than that of the first stage reactor to produce a product stream, wherein the product stream comprises the hydrocarbons.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plastic material comprises polyolefins selected from the group consisting of: polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 100