INSULATOR UNIT

An insulator unit for a multipurpose flow module, such as a plate reactor, comprising a plurality of thermally insulating layers arranged in a sandwich structure with a plurality of plates, to provide thermal insulation across the sandwich structure. 115-. (canceled)16. An insulator unit for a multipurpose flow module , comprising a plurality of thermally insulating layers arranged in a sandwich structure with a plurality of plates , to provide thermal insulation across the sandwich structure.17. An insulator unit according to claim 16 , wherein the sandwich structure comprises at least one elastic member.18. An insulator unit according to claim 17 , wherein said at least one elastic member is at least one insulating layer.19. An insulator unit according to claim 16 , wherein each insulating layer is in the form of a continuous sheet of an insulating material.20. An insulator unit according to claim 16 , wherein at least one of the plates is patterned so that to retain an adjacent insulating layer in the sandwich structure upon compression.21. An insulator unit according to claim 20 , wherein the patterned plate is provided with a plurality of openings extending through the same plate claim 20 , which openings are distributed over the plate.22. An insulator unit according to claim 21 , wherein the area of the openings make up at least 5 percent and preferably less than 20 percent of the surface area of the patterned plate.23. An insulator unit according to claim 16 , wherein at least one of the insulating layers comprises expanded PTFE or a material selected from one or more of the materials in the group consisting of expanded PTFE claim 16 , PEEK and PPS.24. An insulator unit according to claim 16 , wherein at least one of the plates is a metal plate claim 16 , preferably a stainless steel plate.25. An insulator unit according to claim 16 , wherein the insulator unit further comprises fastening means keeping the sandwich structure together.26. An insulator unit ...

POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

A power generation system includes: an air intake passage; a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell; a case configured to house the fuel cell, a ventilator (air supply unit), and an air intake temperature detector configured to detect a temperature of the intake air supplied to the case; a combustion device that includes a combustor; an exhaust gas passage configured to discharge a flue gas generated in the combustion device to the outside; and a controller. The air intake passage and the exhaust gas passage are configured to allow heat exchange to occur between media flowing through the passages. The controller causes the combustion device to operate when the fuel cell system is activated and the temperature detected by the air intake temperature detector is equal to or lower than a first predetermined temperature. 1. A power generation system comprising:an air intake passage;a fuel cell system including a fuel cell configured to generate electric power using a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas, a case configured to house the fuel cell, an air supply unit configured to supply external air to the case through the air intake passage, and an air intake temperature detector configured to detect a temperature of the intake air supplied to the case;a combustion device including a combustor configured to combust a fuel to generate an amount of heat;an exhaust gas passage configured to discharge a flue gas generated in the combustion device to the outside; anda controller, wherein:the air intake passage and the exhaust gas passage are configured to allow heat exchange to occur between media flowing through the passages, andthe controller causes the combustion device to operate when the fuel cell system is activated and the temperature detected by the air intake temperature detector is equal to or lower than a first predetermined temperature.2. The power generation system according to claim 1 , wherein:the air intake temperature detector is provided in the air intake ...

POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

A power generation system according to the present invention includes: a fuel cell unit including a fuel cell, a hydrogen generator having a first combustor, and a case; a controller; a combustion unit including a second combustor; and a discharge passage formed to cause the case and the combustion unit to communicate with each other. In a case where the controller causes one of the first combustor and the second combustor to perform the ignition operation, the controller maintains an operating state of the other combustor during the period of the ignition operation of the one combustor. 115-. (canceled)16. A power generation system comprising: a fuel cell configured to generate electric power using a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas,', 'a hydrogen generator including a first combustor and configured to generate the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell, and', 'a case configured to house at least the fuel cell and the hydrogen generator;, 'a fuel cell unit including'}a controller;a combustion unit arranged outside the case and including a second combustor configured to combust a combustible gas; anda discharge passage which is formed to cause the fuel cell unit and the combustion unit to communicate with each other and through which an exhaust gas discharged from the first combustor of the fuel cell unit and an exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit are discharged to an atmosphere, wherein:the fuel cell unit includes a ventilator configured to operate at least in a case where the fuel cell performs an electric power generating operation and to ventilate an inside of the fuel cell unit by discharging a gas in the fuel cell unit to the discharge passage;the discharge passage is configured such that at least a gas in the case is discharged to the atmosphere; andin a case where the controller causes the second combustor to perform an ignition operation, the controller maintains an operating state of the first combustor and an operating state of the ventilator during ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL DEVICE

To provide a fuel cell device capable of extending the years of service life of a reformer by suppressing thermal runaways. The present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell device, including a fuel cell module having multiple fuel cell units; a reformer disposed above the fuel cell units, for producing hydrogen by a partial oxidation reforming reaction and a steam reforming reaction; a vaporizing chamber disposed adjacent to the reformer; a combustion chamber for heating the vaporization chamber; a water supply device; a supply device for oxidant gas for electrical generation; and a controller for raising the fuel cell unit to a temperature at which electrical generation is possible; wherein fuel electrodes in each individual fuel cell unit are constituted to act as catalysts for a shift reaction, and the controller executes only the ATR step and SR step in the reformer. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell device , in which fuel is supplied to fuel cell units and the remaining fuel flow out from one end of the fuel cell units is combusted to heat a reformer , the solid oxide fuel cell device comprising:a fuel cell module including plurality of fuel cell units in which fuel electrode is formed in internal passages for passing fuel;a reformer disposed above the plurality of fuel cell units within the fuel cell module, for producing hydrogen by a partial oxidation reforming reaction resulting from the chemical reaction of fuel and reforming oxidant gas and a steam reforming reaction resulting from the chemical reaction of fuel and reforming steam;a vaporization chamber disposed above the plurality of fuel cell units and adjacent to the reformer, for vaporizing supplied water;a combustion chamber disposed inside the fuel cell module, that combusts fuel passed through the internal passage at the top end of each of the fuel cell units to heat the reformer and vaporization chamber above;a fuel supply device that, by supplying fuel to the reformer, feeds fuel reformed in the ...

FUEL CELL MODULE

A fuel cell module includes an oxygen-containing gas regulator valve for distributing and supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the heat exchanger and to the start-up combustor, a raw fuel regulator valve for distributing and supplying the raw fuel to the reformer and to the start-up combustor, and a control device. The control device includes an oxygen-containing gas distribution controller for controlling the oxygen-containing gas regulator valve and a raw fuel distribution controller for controlling the raw fuel regulator valve, each control thereof being performed at least based on any of the temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature of the reformer, and the temperature of the evaporator. 1. A fuel cell module comprising:a fuel cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells for generating electricity by electrochemical reactions of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas;a reformer for reforming a mixed gas of a raw fuel chiefly containing hydrocarbon and water vapor to produce the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell stack;an evaporator for evaporating water, and supplying water vapor to the reformer;a heat exchanger for raising the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas by heat exchange with a combustion gas, and supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the fuel cell stack;an exhaust gas combustor for combusting the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell stack as a fuel exhaust gas and the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the fuel cell stack as an oxygen-containing exhaust gas to produce the combustion gas;a start-up combustor for corn busting the raw fuel and the oxygen-containing containing gas to produce the combustion gas;an oxygen-containing gas regulator valve for distributing and supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the heat exchanger and to the start-up combustor;a raw fuel regulator valve for distributing and supplying the raw fuel to the reformer and to the start-up combustor; anda control device,wherein the control device ...

REACTOR

In a reactor, a first reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a first open end of the introduction port on the side bent toward the second flow channel and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channels, and a second reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a second open end of the introduction port on the opposite side of the first open end and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channel. At least part of the catalyst body is provided at least either in a region defined between the first reference position and the second reference position, or in a region defined between the second reference position and an inlet position of the first flow channels. 1. A reactor comprising:a first flow channel through which a reaction fluid flows;a second flow channel through which a heat medium flows, the second flow channel being stacked parallel to the first flow channel;an introduction port open in a direction intersecting with the second flow channel to introduce the heat medium; anda catalyst body provided in the first flow channel to promote an exothermic reaction of the reaction fluid,wherein, when a first reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a first open end of the introduction port on a side bent toward the second flow channel and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channel, and a second reference position is presumed to be defined by a straight line in contact with a second open end of the introduction port on an opposite side of the first open end and extending in the direction intersecting with the second flow channel,at least part of the catalyst body is provided at least either in a region defined between the first reference position and the second reference position, or in a region defined between the second reference position and an inlet position of the first flow channel. ...

HEATER

A heater includes a fuel cell stack assembly disposed within a heater housing and includes a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with an oxidizing agent. A combustor disposed within the heater housing receives an anode exhaust and a cathode exhaust from the fuel cell stack assembly and combusts a mixture of the anode exhaust and the cathode exhaust to produce a heated combustor exhaust. The combustor includes a combustor exhaust outlet for discharging the heated combustor exhaust into the heater housing. A baffle disposed around the fuel cell stack assembly and the combustor defines a heat transfer channel radially between the heater housing and the baffle. A flow director in fluid communication with the combustor exhaust outlet and the heat transfer channel communicates the heated combustor exhaust to the heat transfer channel. 1. A heater comprising:a heater housing extending along a heater axis;a fuel cell stack assembly disposed within said heater housing and having a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with an oxidizing agent, said fuel cell stack assembly having 1) a fuel inlet for introducing said fuel to a plurality of anodes of said plurality of fuel cells, 2) an oxidizing agent inlet for introducing said oxidizing agent to a plurality of cathodes of said plurality of fuel cells, 3) an anode exhaust outlet for discharging an anode exhaust from said plurality of fuel cells, and 4) a cathode exhaust outlet for discharging a cathode exhaust from said plurality of fuel cells;a combustor disposed within said heater housing in fluid communication with said anode exhaust outlet and said cathode exhaust outlet, said combustor being arranged to combust a mixture of said anode exhaust and said cathode exhaust to produce a heated combustor exhaust, said combustor including a combustor exhaust outlet for ...

DISASSEMBLABLE STACKED FLOW REACTOR

A plate-type flow reactor device with a first plate () having first and second opposing surfaces () and one or more through-holes (); a second plate sealed against the first surface () by at least two first O-rings (); a third plate () sealed against the second surface () by at least one second O-ring (); two or more first elongated channels () defined between the first surface () and the second plate and one or more second elongated channels () defined between the second surface () and the third plate, wherein each first channel communicates with the at least one second channel () via one or more of the through-holes () through the first plate (), and said one first channel () communicates with another first channel () of the two or more first channels () only via said at least one second channel (), and each first channel () is individually surrounded by at least one of the first O-rings () and the at least one second is individually surrounded by the at least one second O-ring (). 1. A plate-type flow reactor device comprising:at least a first plate having first and second opposing surfaces and one or more through-holes extending from the first to the second surface;at least a second plate having a second plate surface sealed against the first surface of the first plate by at least two first O-rings positioned between the first surface of the first plate and the second plate surface;at least a third plate having a third plate surface sealed against the second surface of the first plate by at least one second O-ring positioned between the second surface of the first plate and the third plate surface;two or more first elongated channels defined between the first surface of the first plate and the second plate surface by contours on or in the first surface and/or the second plate surface, and one or more second elongated channels defined between the second surface of the first plate and the third plate surface by contours on or in the second surface and/or the third ...

FUEL CELL MODULE

Provided is a solid oxide fuel cell module that is small in size and is capable of stably generating power. A plurality of power generation units and are located such that a first fuel cell and an oxidant gas preheater connected to a second fuel cell adjacent to the first fuel cell are adjacent to each other. A solid oxide fuel cell module includes a partition member. The partition member partitions a combustion chamber into a region including the first fuel cell and a region including the second fuel cell as well as into the region including the first fuel cell and a region including the oxidant gas preheater connected to the second fuel cell. 1. A fuel cell module comprising:a combustion chamber; anda plurality of power generation units;each power generation unit comprising:a fuel cell located in the combustion chamber;a fuel gas channel connected to the fuel cell;an oxidant gas channel connected to the fuel cell; andan oxidant gas preheater disposed in a portion of the oxidant gas channel in the combustion chamber; whereinthe plurality of power generation units are disposed such that a first one of the fuel cells and an oxidant gas preheater connected to a second one of the fuel cells adjacent to the first one of the fuel cells are adjacent to each other, andthe fuel cell module further comprising a partition disposed to partition the combustion chamber into a region comprising the first one of the fuel cells and a region comprising the second one of the fuel cells, and into the region comprising the first one of the fuel cells and a region comprising the oxidant gas preheater connected to the second one of the fuel cells.2. The fuel cell module according to claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of power generation units comprise first and second power generation units,the fuel cell of the first power generation unit is disposed on one side in a first direction with respect to the fuel cell of the second power generation unit,the fuel cell of the first power generation ...

METHOD OF OPERATING A HEATER

A method is provided for operating a heater including a heater housing extending along a heater axis; a plurality of fuel cell stack assemblies disposed within the heater housing along the heater axis and having a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel cell fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with a fuel cell oxidizing agent; and a plurality of combustors disposed within the heater housing along the heater axis. The method includes supplying a combustor fuel to the plurality of combustors, combusting the combustor fuel to produce a heated combustor exhaust when the fuel cell stack assemblies are substantially electrochemically inactive, and using the heated combustor exhaust to elevate the temperature of the fuel cell stack assemblies to be electrochemically active. 1. A method for operating a heater comprising a heater housing extending along a heater axis; a plurality of fuel cell stack assemblies disposed within said heater housing along said heater axis and having a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel cell fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with a fuel cell oxidizing agent; and a plurality of combustors disposed within said heater housing along said heater axis , said method comprising:supplying a combustor fuel to said plurality of combustors;combusting said combustor fuel to produce a heated combustor exhaust when said plurality of fuel cell stack assemblies are at an inactive temperature where said plurality of fuel cell stack assemblies are substantially electrochemically inactive; andusing said heated combustor exhaust to elevate the temperature of said plurality of fuel cell stack assemblies from said inactive temperature to an active temperature where said plurality of fuel cell stack assemblies are electrochemically active.2. A method as in wherein said step of using said heated combustor exhaust to elevate the temperature of said plurality of fuel ...

HEATER WITH A FUEL CELL STACK ASSEMBLY AND A COMBUSTOR AND METHOD OF OPERATING

A heater includes a heater housing extending along a heater axis. A fuel cell stack assembly is disposed within the heater housing and includes a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel cell fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with a fuel cell oxidizing agent. A combustor disposed within the heater housing includes a combustor fuel inlet for introducing the combustor fuel into the combustor, a combustor oxidizing agent inlet for introducing a combustor oxidizing agent into the combustor, and combustor exhaust outlet for discharging a heated combustor exhaust from the combustor. An anode exhaust conduit is connected to the anode exhaust outlet and extends out of the heater housing for selectively communicating a first quantity of the anode exhaust out of the heater housing. The heater housing is heated by the fuel cell stack assembly and the heated combustor exhaust. 1. A heater comprising:a heater housing extending along a heater axis;a fuel cell stack assembly disposed within said heater housing and having a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel cell fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with a fuel cell oxidizing agent, said fuel cell stack assembly having 1) a fuel cell stack fuel inlet for introducing said fuel cell fuel to a plurality of anodes of said plurality of fuel cells, 2) a fuel cell stack oxidizing agent inlet for introducing said fuel cell oxidizing agent to a plurality of cathodes of said plurality of fuel cells, 3) an anode exhaust outlet for discharging an anode exhaust comprising unspent fuel from said plurality of fuel cells, and 4) a cathode exhaust outlet for discharging a cathode exhaust comprising unspent fuel cell oxidizing agent from said plurality of fuel cells;a combustor disposed within said heater housing for combusting a mixture of a combustor fuel and a combustor oxidizing agent to form a heated combustor exhaust, said combustor having 1) ...

REACTOR

Provided is a reactor in which a catalyst to accelerate reaction of a reactant is allowed to act on a reaction fluid having the reactant. The reactor has a partition that defines, in a parallel form, a plurality of reaction flow passages through which the reaction fluid flows, and a plurality of catalyst structures, each having a catalyst and being respectively provided in each of the plurality of reaction flow passages. The partition has a communicating portion allowing the plurality of reaction flow passages to communicate mutually. 1. A reactor in which a catalyst to accelerate reaction of a reactant is allowed to act on a reaction fluid having a reactant , the reactor comprising:a partition that defines, in a parallel form, a plurality of reaction flow passages through which the reaction fluid flows; anda plurality of catalyst structures, each having the catalyst and being respectively provided in each of the plurality of reaction flow passages;wherein the partition has a communicating portion allowing the plurality of reaction flow passages to communicate with each other.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the communicating portion of the partition is arranged so that claim 1 , in a range from an inlet to an outlet of the reaction flow passage claim 1 , the plurality of reaction flow passages communicate on the inlet side.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the partition includes one or a plurality of partition walls extending along a flow direction of the reaction fluid claim 1 , the partition wall is configured to include at least two partial partition walls arranged apart from each other so as to have a gap therebetween claim 1 , and the communicating portion of the partition has the gap of the partition wall.4. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the partition includes one or a plurality of partition walls extending along a flow direction of the reaction fluid claim 1 , and the communicating portion of the partition has a cutout ...

FUEL CELL APPARATUS

A fuel cell apparatus may include a fuel cell module; a heat exchanger; a circulation line connected to the heat exchanger; a heat dissipator located in the circulation line; and an exterior case which houses the fuel cell module, the heat exchanger, the heat dissipator, and at least part of the circulation line. The heat dissipator may be provided with two openings, and includes at least a duct which defines an air flow channel between the two openings; a fan located on first opening side of the two openings in the air flow channel; and a radiator located on the second opening side of the two openings in the air flow channel. The exterior case may be provided with two ventilation holes to which the two openings are connected directly or via an air passageway, respectively, and the duct includes a plurality of separable parts. 1. A fuel cell apparatus , comprising:a fuel cell module;a heat exchanger which carries out heat exchange between exhaust gas from the fuel cell module and a medium;a circulation line connected to the heat exchanger, the circulation line allowing the medium to circulate through the heat exchanger;a heat dissipator located in the circulation line, the heat dissipator cooling the medium flowing through the heat exchanger, the heat dissipator provided with two openings, a duct which defines an air flow channel between the two openings, the duct comprising a plurality of separable parts;', 'a fan located closer to a first opening of the two openings than a second opening of the two openings in the air flow channel, the fan producing flowing air; and', 'a radiator located closer to the second opening than the first opening in the air flow channel, the radiator carrying out heat exchange between the medium and air flowing through an interior of the air flow channel; and, 'the heat dissipator comprisingan exterior case which houses the fuel cell module, the heat exchanger, the heat dissipator, and at least part of the circulation line, the exterior ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHANOL

A process for preparing methanol by a methanol synthesis reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen may involve a distillation step and a condensation step following the synthesis of a crude methanol. A volatile component and water may be separated off from a methanol-containing product stream, and a gas stream containing a volatile component that has been separated off may be discharged at least partially as offgas. At least part of the gas stream that has been separated off may be recirculated into the methanol synthesis reaction. A plant for preparing methanol can store or utilize electric power generated from renewable energy sources and provide facilities for discharging the offgas stream, which can be purified by catalytic after-combustion. Alternatively, the plant can be configured without discharge of an offgas substream, or the offgas streams are so small that they can be released without treatment into the environment at a suitable position. 135.-. (canceled)36. A process for preparing methanol by reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen , the process comprising:feeding a product stream obtained in a methanol synthesis reaction to at least one of a high-pressure separator or a low-pressure separator where a gas stream is separated off from a methanol-containing product stream;feeding the methanol-containing product stream, after the gas stream is separated off, to a distillation step where water is separated off from the methanol-containing product stream; andrecirculating volatile components that have been separated off in the distillation step at least partly into a mixing and compression section located upstream of the methanol synthesis reaction.37. The process of comprising at least one ofat least partially discharging a gas stream that contains at least one of the volatile components as offgas, orrecirculating at least part of the gas stream that contains the at least one of the volatile components to the methanol synthesis reaction.38. The process of ...

Heater with a Fuel Cell Stack Assembly and a Combustor and Method of Operating

A heater includes a heater housing; a fuel cell stack assembly within the heater housing and having a plurality of fuel cells; a combustor within the heater housing for combusting a mixture of fuel and air to form a heated combustor exhaust that is discharged into the heater housing; a combustor fuel supply conduit for supplying the fuel to the combustor; an anode exhaust conduit for communicating anode exhaust from the fuel cell stack assembly out of the heater housing; and a combustor bypass conduit in fluid communication with the combustor fuel supply conduit and the anode exhaust conduit for allowing a portion of the fuel to bypass the combustor. 1. A heater comprising:a heater housing extending along a heater axis;a fuel cell stack assembly disposed within said heater housing and having a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with an oxidizing agent, said fuel cell stack assembly having 1) a fuel cell stack fuel inlet for introducing said fuel to a plurality of anodes of said plurality of fuel cells, 2) a fuel cell stack oxidizing agent inlet for introducing said oxidizing agent to a plurality of cathodes of said plurality of fuel cells, 3) an anode exhaust outlet for discharging an anode exhaust comprising unspent fuel from said plurality of fuel cells, and 4) a cathode exhaust outlet for discharging a cathode exhaust comprising unspent fuel cell oxidizing agent from said plurality of fuel cells;a combustor disposed within said heater housing for combusting a mixture of said fuel and said oxidizing agent to form a heated combustor exhaust, said combustor having 1) a combustor fuel inlet for introducing said fuel into said combustor, 2) a combustor oxidizing agent inlet for introducing said oxidizing agent into said combustor, and 3) a combustor exhaust outlet for discharging said heated combustor exhaust from said combustor into said heater housing;a combustor fuel supply conduit ...

REACTOR

A reactor includes a reaction-side flow passage through which a reaction fluid being a fluid constituting a reaction object flows; a temperature controller (heat-medium side flow passage) configured to heat or cool the reaction fluid from outside the reaction-side flow passage; and a catalyst configured to promote a reaction of the reaction fluid, the catalyst provided in the reaction-side flow passage so that a contact area with the reaction fluid is larger on a downstream side than on an upstream side in the reaction-side flow passage. 1. A reactor comprising:a reaction-side flow passage through which a reaction fluid as a reaction object flows;a temperature controller configured to heat or cool the reaction fluid from outside the reaction-side flow passage; anda catalyst configured to promote a reaction of the reaction fluid, the catalyst provided in the reaction-side flow passage so that a contact area with the reaction fluid is larger on a downstream side than on an upstream side in the reaction-side flow passage.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , whereinthe temperature controller includes a heat-medium side flow passage through which a heat medium flows as a fluid performing heat exchange with the reaction fluid flowing through the reaction-side flow passage, the heat-medium side flow passage being provided in parallel with the reaction-side flow passage with a heat-transfer partition in between.3. The reactor according to claim 2 , whereina gas flows as the heat medium in the heat-medium side flow passage.4. The reactor according to claim 2 , whereinthe reaction-side flow passage and the heat-medium side flow passage are alternately stacked.5. The reactor according to claim 3 , whereinthe reaction-side flow passage and the heat-medium side flow passage are alternately stacked.6. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein:the catalyst has a plate shape; andthe catalyst is divided into a plurality of parts and arranged in a flowing direction of the reaction ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR WARMING UP FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell configured to be supplied with fuel and air to generate electricity, a reformer configured to reform the fuel to be supplied to the fuel cell, a heat source device configured to heat an off-gas discharged from the fuel cell to produce a heating gas and configured to heat the reformer, a fuel cell heating device configured to heat the air to be supplied to the fuel cell using the heating gas, a fuel cell temperature acquisition unit configured to acquire a temperature of the fuel cell, and a reformer temperature acquisition unit configured to acquire a temperature of the reformer. The fuel cell system includes a controller configured to, in a warm-up operation to perform a warm-up of the reformer and a warm-up of the fuel cell, control at least one of the heat source device and the fuel cell heating device based on the temperature of the reformer and the temperature of the fuel cell to adjust at least one of a heating amount of the off-gas and a heating amount of the air by the heating gas. 19.-. (canceled)10. A fuel cell system comprising:a fuel cell configured to be supplied with fuel and air to generate electricity;a reformer configured to reform the fuel to be supplied to the fuel cell;a heat source device configured to heat an off-gas discharged from the fuel cell to produce a heating gas and configured to heat the reformer;a fuel cell heating device configured to heat the air to be supplied to the fuel cell using the heating gas;a fuel cell temperature acquisition unit configured to acquire a temperature of the fuel cell;a reformer temperature acquisition unit configured to acquire a temperature of the reformer; anda controller configured to, in a warm-up operation to perform a warm-up of the reformer and a warm-up of the fuel cell, control at least one of the heat source device and the fuel cell heating device based on the temperature of the reformer and the temperature of the fuel cell to adjust at least one of a ...

Catalytic reactor and process

The preparation process of synthetic gas from carbondioxide

Synthetic gas is prepared by continuously reacting carbon dioxide with low grade hydrocarbon or natural gas containing methane and oxygen or steam in a mole ratio of 2:1-5:1 in the presence of a catalyst that comprises nickel, alkali and alkali earth metals supported on silicone such as zeolite, silica, silicate or silica-alumina at 600-1,000deg.C and 0.5-20 atms and a space velocity of 1,000-500,000. The ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen in the synthetic gas is 1:2-2:1.

Catalytic Reactor

Reactor for realization of the non-adiabatic reactions

FIELD: chemical industry; devices for realization of the non-adiabatic reactions. SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of chemical industry, in particular, to the reactor for realization of the non-adiabatic reactions. The reactor consists of the metallic ingot and contains, at least, one reactionary passage made through the ingot and designed for maintaining the catalyst for the non-adiabatic transformation of the reactants flow. The reactor contains the inlet channels for introduction of the stream of the reactants into the reactionary passage and the outlet channels for withdrawal of the reacted stream of the reactants; and also the heating-up or cooling device intended for maintaining the catalytic non-adiabatic transformation of the torrent of the reactants. The invention provides, that the mentioned inlet and outlet channels are made in the ingot and are located mainly perpendicularly to the reactionary passages and in parallel connect the reactionary passages. The technical result of the invention is the possibility to use of the reactor for the small-scale production works. EFFECT: the invention ensures the possibility to use of the reactor for the small-scale production works. 9 cl, 1 dwg ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 299 093 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ B01J 8/02 (2006.01) B01J 19/24 (2006.01) B01L 5/00 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2001131921/12, 27.11.2001 (72) Àâòîð(û): ÉÎÐÍ Ýðíñò (DK), ËÅÃÑÒÅÄ-ÍÈËÜÑÅÍ Ýðèê (DK) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 27.11.2001 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÕÀËÜÄÎÐ ÒÎÏÑÅÝ À/Ñ (DK) R U (30) Êîíâåíöèîííûé ïðèîðèòåò: 28.11.2000 DK PA200001789 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 20.07.2003 (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 20.05.2007 Áþë. ¹ 14 2 2 9 9 0 9 3 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: WO 98/50147 A1, 12.11.1998. US 5958091 A, 28.09.1999. US 4973777 A, 27.11.1990. RU 2078611 C1, 10.05.1997. ...

Plant of complex waste-free preparation of gas

FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: plant includes a plant for complex preparation of gas, units for production of synthesis gas and synthesis of methanol, preparation of water and methanation. During plant operation, flare gas supplied from complex gas preparation unit is mixed with deionized water coming from water preparation unit which is supplied with balanced amount of water and the aqueous condensate from synthesis gas production block and methanol synthesis. Deionization can be supplied directly from water preparation unit to synthesis gas production unit and methanol synthesis, where deizate and flare gas are heated, converted together into synthesis gas which is dried and converted into catalyst, from which methanol is recovered and supplied to complex gas preparation plant, and exhaust gas is fed to complex gas preparation plant after methanation of carbon oxides. EFFECT: increase yield of commercial gas, elimination of flare gas combustion, use of methanol from the outside. 2 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 635 147 C1 (51) МПК C10J 1/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ На основании пункта 1 статьи 1366 части четвертой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации патентообладатель обязуется заключить договор об отчуждении патента на условиях, соответствующих установившейся практике, с любым гражданином Российской Федерации или российским юридическим лицом, кто первым изъявил такое желание и уведомил об этом патентообладателя и федеральный орган исполнительной власти по интеллектуальной собственности. (21)(22) Заявка: 2017107608, 07.03.2017 07.03.2017 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Курочкин Андрей Владиславович (RU) Дата регистрации: 09.11.2017 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 07.03.2017 2564255 C1, 27.09.2015. RU 123347 U1, 27.12.2012. RU 2254322 C1, 20.06.2005. RU 2503651 C1, 10.01.2014. (45) Опубликовано: 09.11.2017 Бюл. № 31 2 6 3 5 1 4 7 R U (54) УСТАНОВКА ...

Catalytic reactor and process

Cogeneration system for a fuel cell and Method thereof

본 발명은 연료전지 발전 시스템 및 그 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 연료전지 발전 시스템은 전력생성에 필요한 연료가스를 공급하는 연료공급수단; 물 및 산화제 가스를 서로 다른 경로를 통해 공급하는 기액 공급수단; 상기 연료공급수단으로부터 공급되는 연료 및 기액 공급수단으로부터 공급되는 물을 개질하여 수소가스를 생성하는 개질기; 상기 기액 공급수단으로부터 공급받는 산화제 가스 및 상기 개질기로부터 공급받은 수소 가스를 전극에 노출시켜 전기에너지를 발생시키는 연료전지 스택; 및 상기 연료전지 스택으로부터 발생하는 배기가스를 회수하여 가열하고, 상기 가열된 배기가스를 이용하여 상기 개질기로 공급되는 연료를 가열하는 배기가스 회수수단;을 포함하되, 상기 배기가스 회수수단은 상기 연료전지 스택으로부터 발생하는 배기가스에 수소가스가 잔류하는지 여부를 감지한 후, 그 감지정보를 이용하여 상기 배기가스의 초기 이동경로 또는 정상상태 이동경로를 선택적으로 제공하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 연료전지, 폐열, 회수, 배기가스, 예열 The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system and method thereof. A fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention includes fuel supply means for supplying fuel gas required for power generation; Gas-liquid supply means for supplying water and oxidant gas through different paths; A reformer for reforming water supplied from the fuel supplied from the fuel supply means and water supplied from the gas liquid supply means to generate hydrogen gas; A fuel cell stack for generating electrical energy by exposing an oxidant gas supplied from the gas-liquid supply means and hydrogen gas supplied from the reformer to an electrode; And exhaust gas recovery means for recovering and heating the exhaust gas generated from the fuel cell stack, and heating the fuel supplied to the reformer using the heated exhaust gas. After detecting whether the hydrogen gas remains in the exhaust gas generated from the battery stack, and using the detection information to selectively provide the initial movement path or the steady state movement path of the exhaust gas. Fuel cell, waste heat, recovery, exhaust gas, preheating

Fuel cell system with cooling channels and method for operating a fuel cell system with cooling channels

Brennstoffzellensystem mit Kühlkanäle aufweisenden Brennstoffzellen (26), die zu einem Brennstoffzellenstapel (10) zusammengesetzt sind, mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf (16), bei dem Kühlmittel von einer Pumpe (72) in einem Hauptkreislauf (70), der die Kühlkanäle und einen Kühler (74) umfaßt, umwälzbar ist sowie mit einem Wärmespeicher (100) und einer Heizeinrichtung (104), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmespeicher (100) in einem ersten zum Kühler (74) parallelen Zweig (102) des Kühlmittelkreislaufs (16) angeordnet ist, dass ein von der Heizeinrichtung (104) erwärmbarer Wärmetauscher (106) in einem zweiten, parallel zum Wärmespeicher (100) angeordneten Zweig (108) angeordnet ist, dass eine zweite Pumpe (110) im ersten Zweig (102) vor dem Wärmespeicher (100) angeordnet ist, dass ein Zweiweg-Umschaltventil (112) vorhanden ist, das einen ersten Anschluss (114), der im ersten Zweig (102) vor der zweiten Pumpe (110), einen zweiten Anschluss (116), der im ersten Zweig (102) nach der zweiten Pumpe (110) und einen dritten Anschluss (118), der im zweiten Zweig (108) vor dem Wärmetauscher (106) angeordnet ist, aufweist und dass eine T-Verbindung (120) zwischen dem ersten Zweig (102), dem zweiten Zweig (108) und dem Hauptkreislauf (70) vorhanden ist. A fuel cell system having cooling channel fuel cells (26) assembled into a fuel cell stack (10) with a coolant circuit (16) having coolant from a pump (72) in a main circuit (70) containing the cooling channels and a radiator (74 ), is circulatable and with a heat accumulator (100) and a heater (104), characterized in that the heat accumulator (100) in a first to the radiator (74) parallel branch (102) of the coolant circuit (16) is arranged a heat exchanger (106) which can be heated by the heating device (104) is arranged in a second branch (108) arranged parallel to the heat accumulator (100) such that a second pump (110) is arranged in front of the heat accumulator (100) in the first branch (102) in that there is a two-way ...

Cold start pre-heater for a fuel cell system

A fuel cell system with fuel cells displaying cooling channels assembled to form a fuel cell stack, with a coolant cycle in which coolant is circulated by a pump in a main cycle which includes the cooling channels and a cooler and with a heat storage unit and a heating device is characterized by the fact that the heat storage unit is arranged in a branch on the coolant cycle parallel to the cooler, that a heat exchanger that can be heated by the heating device is arranged in a second branch parallel to the heat storage unit, that a second pump in the first branch is arranged in front of the heat storage unit, that a two-way switching valve is provided which displays a first connection arranged in a first branch in front of the second pump, a second connection arranged in the first branch in front of the second pump and a third connection which is arranged in the second branch in front of the heat exchanger, and that a T connection is provided between the first branch, the second branch and the main cycle.

Subterranean gasification system and method

A system and method for gasification of a feedstock in a subterranean formation to produce syngas is described. An injection well is completed in the formation to inject an oxidant, provide an ignition source and convey the feedstock that includes water and one or more of a biomass, waste plastic, coal, bitumen and petcoke. Volatized hydrocarbons and gaseous reaction products are simultaneously withdrawn from a producer well from the subterranean formation to the surface. This syngas product is treated at the surface for power generation or conversion to transportation fuels and/or plastics. This method provides a low capital cost gasification unit which is capable of processing a variety of feedstock mixtures.

Fuel cell power generation system

A fuel cell power generation system is provided to save an initial installation cost by reducing pipes and devices, to enhance a utilization efficiency of fuel, and to prevent emission of exhaust gas containing sulfur components. The fuel cell power generation system comprises: a desulfurizer(100) for removing sulfur from fuel gas; a reformer(110) for generating gas abundant in hydrogen from the desulfurized fuel gas; a fuel cell stack(120) that reacts hydrogen in the fuel gas reformed in the reformer(110) with oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air and generates electricity; and a steam generator(130) that generates water vapor to be supplied to the reformer(110). The fuel gas is desulfurized in the desulfurizer(100), and then introduced into a reformer catalyst layer(110a) and a reformer burner(110b) of the reformer(100). The fuel gas introduced into the reformer catalyst layer(110a) is mixed with water vapor generated in the steam generator(130). The resultant mixture is reacted in the catalyst layer(110a) of the reformer(110), followed by introducing the reacted gas into a fuel electrode(120a) of the fuel cell stack(120). Reformer burner combustion gas of the reformer(110) is introduced into an air electrode(120b) of the fuel cell stack(120). Fuel electrode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack(120) is introduced into the reformer burner(110b) via the steam generator(130). Air electrode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack(120) is re-introduced into the air electrode(120b) via the steam generator(130).

Flow-guiding insert for reactor chamber and reactor

FIELD: technological processes; mechanics. SUBSTANCE: flow-guiding insert for reactor chamber has rectangular section, inlet at one end of the chamber and outlet at the other end of the chamber. One of reactor chamber walls consists of heat-conducting material or membrane. Insert contains multiple elements arranged in rows, at that these elements together with chamber walls create the channel for fluid medium. Channel stretches from the first side of chamber to the second side of chamber and back again to the first side, and many times so back and forth. Elements are installed so that fluid medium is forced to flow between elements in a twisting manner. Suggested invention makes it possible to obtain precise hydrodynamic control over flow conditions for reagents that have to pass through reactor chamber. EFFECT: prevention of formation of fluid medium layers with different flow rates and stagnant zones, and obtainment of high mixing rates. 10 cl, 17 dwg ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (11) 2 336 942 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ B01J 19/24 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2005119150/15, 07.11.2003 (72) Àâòîð(û): ØÎÏÀÐ Ôàáðèñ (FR) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 07.11.2003 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÀËÜÔÀ ËÀÂÀËÜ ÊÎÐÏÎÐÅÉÒ ÀÁ (SE) R U (30) Êîíâåíöèîííûé ïðèîðèòåò: 18.11.2002 SE 0203395-9 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 20.11.2005 (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 27.10.2008 Áþë. ¹ 30 2 3 3 6 9 4 2 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: WO 9964146 A1, 16.12.1999. SU 1399633 A1, 30.05.1988. WO 0194006 A2, 13.12.2001. US 6451268 B1, 17.09.2002. EP 0408751 A1, 23.01.1991. (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 20.06.2005 2 3 3 6 9 4 2 R U (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 2004/045761 (03.06.2004) C 2 C 2 (86) Çà âêà PCT: SE 03/01719 (07.11.2003) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ...

Fuel processor providing improved measuring way for desulfurizer's status and fuel cell apparatus including the fuel processor and managing method thereof

탈황기의 상태를 측정하는 방식이 개선된 연료개질기와 그것을 갖춘 연료전지 장치 및 그 운영방법이 개시된다. 개시된 연료개질기에 구비된 탈황기는 유입구와 유출구 측 각각에 적어도 하나씩의 유황센서를 갖추고 있어서 두 센서 간 신호의 차이로 포화상태 여부를 판독하도록 된 것을 특징으로 한다. 이러한 연료개질기를 운영하게 되면, 단일 센서만으로 탈황기의 포화상태 여부를 판독하던 기존에 비해 그 판독의 정확도가 더욱 향상될 수 있으며, 측정 에러가 발생될 확률도 낮아져서 안정적이고 원활하게 연료 개질 작업을 보장할 수 있다. Disclosed are a fuel reformer having an improved method of measuring the state of a desulfurizer, a fuel cell device having the same, and a method of operating the same. The desulfurizer provided in the disclosed fuel reformer is equipped with at least one sulfur sensor on each of the inlet and outlet sides so as to read whether the saturation state by the difference between the signals between the two sensors. When operating such a fuel reformer, the accuracy of the reading can be further improved compared to the conventional method of reading whether the desulfurizer is saturated with a single sensor, and the probability of occurrence of a measurement error is lowered, thus ensuring a stable and smooth fuel reforming operation. can do.

Turbine generator having fuel cell

본 발명의 목적은 연료전지형 터빈 발전기에서 출력이 다양하게 변화나 연료전지의 작동 상태가 변화하는 경우에도, 원하는 출력을 얻을 수 있도록 용이하게 제어할 수 있는 연료전지형 터빈 발전기를 제공하는 것이다. 또한, 시스템을 복잡하게 하지 않고 가격경쟁력을 가지면서도 필요한 제어를 견실하게 수행할 수 있는 연료전지형 터빈 발전기를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 본 발명에서는, 수소와 산소의 전기 화학적 반응에 의해 전류와 고온 고압의 가스를 발생시키는 연료전지; 상기 연료전지로 공기를 공급하는 압축기; 상기 연료전지에서 발생된 고온 고압의 가스에 의해 회전되는 터빈; 및 상기 터빈의 회전력에 의해 전류를 발생시키는 전동발전유닛을 포함하고, 상기 전동발전유닛, 터빈 및 압축기는 그 회전축이 일체로 형성되고, 상기 압축기 출구와 상기 터빈 입구를 연결하는 배관과, 상기 배관 상에 설치된 밸브를 더 포함하는 연료전지형 터빈 발전기를 제공한다. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell turbine generator which can be easily controlled to obtain a desired output even when the output varies in the fuel cell turbine generator or the operating state of the fuel cell changes. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell turbine generator capable of reliably performing the necessary control without complicating a system and having a cost competitiveness. To this end, the present invention, the fuel cell for generating a current and a high temperature and high pressure gas by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; A compressor for supplying air to the fuel cell; A turbine rotated by a high temperature and high pressure gas generated in the fuel cell; And an electric power generating unit generating electric current by the rotational force of the turbine, wherein the electric power generating unit, the turbine, and the compressor are integrally formed with a rotating shaft, and a pipe connecting the compressor outlet and the turbine inlet; It provides a fuel cell turbine generator further comprising a valve installed on the.

Gas plant

Improvement in generating gas from hydrocarbon liquids

ENERGY PRODUCTION FACILITY WITH A FUEL CELL AND HAVING A HEAT EXCHANGER

Process for Producing Furnace Atmospheres by Deoxygenating Noncryogenically Generated Nitrogen with Dissociated Ammonia

A process for producing low-cost furnace atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing from 0.05 to 5.0% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves 1) mixing non-cryogenically produced nitrogen with a pre-determined amount of dissociated ammonia, 2) passing the mixture through a low-pressure drop catalytic reactor, 3) converting the residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as moisture and reducing the residual oxygen level to below about 10 ppm, and 4) using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders. The key feature of the disclosed process involves the use of a novel low-pressure drop catalytic reactor for converting residual oxygen with dissociated ammonia to moisture.

Electric energy producing installation for motor vehicle, has heat exchanger to transmit part of heat of mixture of cold cathodic used combustive fuel and hot exhaust gas to cold cathodic used combustive fuel or cold anodic used fuel

The installation has a fuel cell having a cathode and an anode, respectively, supplied with a combustive fuel and a fuel. A burner is supplied with an anodic used fuel. A turbine (40) has a cathodic evacuation pipe connected to an exhaust gas pipe (36) in the upstream of the turbine such that the turbine is driven by a warm mixture of a cold cathodic used combustive fuel and a hot exhaust gas. A heat exchanger (42) transmits a part of the heat of the mixture to a cold cathodic used combustive fuel or a cold anodic used fuel, and an exhaust gas upgrading system is arranged in the pipe (36).

Apparatus for the production of a combustible gas

PROCESS FOR TREATING STEEL GASES

Device device for the production of lighting, heating and motive power by asterogas

Carburation apparatus

Apparatus for the production of gas, cold, liquids

Carburetor device

Carburetor device for the production of gas for lighting or heating

Improvements in fuel air production devices

Gasifier for all uses

Apparatus for the production of gas to air

Double carburetor

PROCESS FOR TREATING STEEL GASES

Les gaz sidérurgiques (gaz de haut-fourneaux, gaz de fours à coke, gaz de convertisseurs.. ) sont brûlés, éventuellement avec appoint de gaz naturel (12) et d'air (13), dans une section de post-combustion (6) entre la sortie d'une turbine à gaz (1) entraînant une génération et l'entrée d'une chaudière de récupération (7), dont la vapeur est valorisée pour produire notamment de l'énergie électrique.Application à la combustion de gaz résiduaires sidérurgiques et à la production d'énergie. The steel gases (blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, converter gas, etc.) are burned, possibly with the addition of natural gas (12) and air (13), in an after-combustion section ( 6) between the outlet of a gas turbine (1) causing generation and the inlet of a recovery boiler (7), the vapor of which is used to produce electrical energy in particular. steel waste gases and energy production.

Advanced device for the production of air gas

Automatic hydrocarbon gas generator

Gasoline gasifier

Device for the production of gas by means of liquid hydrocarbons and air

Carburetor improvements

Device for the production of combustible gases

Gasifier

Carburetor device

Apparatus for the production of lighting gas or other similar gas by means of benzine

Apparatus for the production of gas by petroleum gasoline

Method and apparatus for manufacturing gas in air

Improvements in Carburetting Machines.

5009. Brown, E. S. Feb. 28. Bucket-elevator apparatus. - In a carburetting-plant, petrol is supplied to the carburettor by a pivoted bucket e' reciprocated in a column e to which petrol is supplied from a tank. When the bucket e<1> reaches the top of the column e, its contents are emptied down a pipe e<6>. The capacity of the bucket e<1> is variable by means of an adjustable nut.

Vaporizer

The fuel cell system

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellensystem (1) mit wenigsten einer Brennstoffzelle (3), mit einem in einer Abgasleitung (18) angeordneten von zumindest einem Teil der Abgase der Brennstoffzelle (3) durchströmten katalytischen Brenner (17), und mit wenigstens einem Temperatursensor (20) in Strömungsrichtung (S) der Abgase nach dem katalytischen Brenner (17). Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellensystem ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperatursensor (20) als temperatursensitives Element (24) einen Draht oder Blechstreifen aufweist, welcher unter mehrfacher Umkehr seiner Laufrichtung innerhalb einer Querschnittsebene der Abgasleitung (18) durch verschiedene Bereiche des Querschnitts der Abgasleitung (18) verläuft. The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1) having at least one fuel cell (3), a catalytic burner (17) through which at least a portion of the exhaust gases of the fuel cell (3) flows in an exhaust line (18), and at least one temperature sensor (20 ) in the flow direction (S) of the exhaust gases after the catalytic burner (17). The fuel cell system according to the invention is characterized in that the temperature sensor (20) as a temperature-sensitive element (24) has a wire or sheet metal strip, which by multiple reversal of its running direction within a cross-sectional plane of the exhaust pipe (18) through different areas of the cross section of the exhaust pipe (18) ,

Heat recovery high efficiency fuel cell hybrid system linked with steam turbine

본 발명에 따른 연료전지 하이브리드 시스템은, 연료극과 공기극을 구비하는 연료전지, 연료전지의 연료극으로부터 배기되는 연료극 배기가스를 이용하여 연료전지의 공기극으로 공급될 공기를 가열하는 촉매 연소기, 촉매 연소기에 의해 가열된 공기와의 열교환을 통해 작동 유체를 기화시키는 제1 열교환기, 및 제1 열교환기에 의해 기화된 작동 유체로 작동되는 제1 터빈을 포함한다. A fuel cell hybrid system according to the present invention comprises a fuel cell having a fuel electrode and an air electrode, a catalytic combustor for heating the air to be supplied to the air electrode of the fuel cell using the anode exhaust gas discharged from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell, A first heat exchanger for vaporizing the working fluid through heat exchange with the heated air, and a first turbine driven by the working fluid vaporized by the first heat exchanger.

Fixed gas carburettor

Heat Exchanger

Bitumen-mineral gas

An improved process and apparatus for producing a combustible gas from volatile liquid fuels, particularly gasoline

831,280. Gas manufacture. CORREA, E. Nov. 21, 1956, No. 35551/56. Class 55 (2). Air is carburetted with a liquid hydrocarbon and is supplied directly to combustion apparatus by means of a compressor which during the suction stroke, draws in a mixture of air and the liquid fuel, the latter being vaporized by the heat of compression during the compression stroke, the mixture being vented towards the end of the compression stroke, through a water seal, to the place of use. As shown, the liquid fuel is drawn by suction from a valved pipe 9 into a chamber 10 where it is atomized and mixed with the air drawn in by the suction and with supplementary air regulated by a valve 25. The valve 12 is opened towards the end of the compression stroke either mechanically or by the yielding of a loading-spring, and the mixture passes through the pipe 16, past a spring loaded valve 17, through the water seal to the burner 20. Variations in the rate of use of the gaseous mixture result in variations in the pressure above the level of the water in the seal, which produces through the pipe 23, corresponding variations in the water level in the float chamber 21. The float 22 thus regulates the speed of the motor 1 and the compressor according to the demand for gas.

REACTOR-EXCHANGER MODULE HAVING AT LEAST TWO FLUID CIRCUITS REALIZED BY PLATE STACK, APPLICATIONS TO EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC CATALYTIC REACTIONS

L'invention concerne un module (M) de réacteur-échangeur de chaleur à au moins deux circuits de fluide, comprenant un empilement de nappes de plaques rainurées assemblées entre elles par compression isostatique à chaud (CIC), en délimitant des canaux de caloporteur et des canaux de réactifs. Ces derniers sont remplis au moins partiellement d'un catalyseur de conversion comprenant une phase active métallique dispersée sur un support à base d'oxyde, la phase active métallique étant un métal de transition ou un mélange de métaux de transition. Selon l'invention, les dimensions des canaux (21) de circuit de réactifs, leur nombre par nappe ainsi que le nombre de nappes des canaux de circuits de réactifs sont déterminés de sorte à faire circuler un flux de réactifs pur, de préférence en conditions stoechiométriques, compris entre 1500 et 3000 Nm3/h/m2. The invention relates to a heat exchanger-reactor module (M) with at least two fluid circuits, comprising a stack of layers of grooved plates assembled together by hot isostatic compression (CIC), delimiting coolant channels and reagent channels. The latter are at least partially filled with a conversion catalyst comprising a metallic active phase dispersed on an oxide-based support, the metallic active phase being a transition metal or a mixture of transition metals. According to the invention, the dimensions of the reagent circuit channels (21), their number per sheet as well as the number of sheets of the reagent circuit channels are determined so as to circulate a pure stream of reagents, preferably under conditions stoichiometric, between 1500 and 3000 Nm3 / h / m2.

Heat insulating method for fuel cell stack

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Device for guiding at least one fluid and fuel cell heating device

The device has flow areas (18, 25) for fluid containing detectable portion and non-containing detectable portion defined between a fluid inlet (14) and a fluid outlet (36), respectively. One of the flow areas completely surrounds the other flow area. The detectable portion of the fluid is formed as added odorants or natural component of the fluid, and as a sulfur-containing component and dyestuff. A treatment device (28) is installed in the latter flow area, and includes an adsorber i.e. fixed-bed adsorber. A flow path meandering runs through the treatment device. An independent claim is also included for a fuel cell heating device comprising a reformer unit, a fuel cell and a desulphurizing device provided on a housing to remove sulfur-containing component from process fluid supplied to a reformer unit and/or fuel cell.

Gasification system and method using fuel injectors

챔버 주위에 배치되는 인클로저를 갖는 기화기를 포함하는 시스템이 제공되며, 인클로저는 상부벽, 바닥벽 및 상기 상부벽과 바닥벽 사이에 있는 측벽을 포함한다. 기화기는 또한 바닥벽에 배치되는 출구, 상부벽에 배치되는 제 1 분사기, 측벽에 배치되는 제 2 분사기를 포함하며, 제 1 및 제 2 분사기는 연료, 산소 또는 이들의 조합물을 챔버 내로 분사하도록 되어 있다. There is provided a system comprising a vaporizer having an enclosure disposed about a chamber, the enclosure including a top wall, a bottom wall and a side wall between the top wall and the bottom wall. The vaporizer also includes an outlet disposed in the bottom wall, a first injector disposed in the top wall, and a second injector disposed in the sidewall, wherein the first and second injectors inject fuel, oxygen, or a combination thereof into the chamber .

Fuel Cell System

A fuel cell system is provided with a fuel cell, a reforming section, a burner section and a system controller, wherein in supplying offgas from a fuel pole of the fuel cell to the burner section, the system controller regulates the combustion at the burner section in consideration of the fact that the burner section is supplied with at least one of reforming fuel and combustion fuel which exists in the fuel pole of the fuel cell. Thus, even where the burner section is supplied with combustible fuel which differs from the combustible fuel existing in the fuel pole of the fuel cell, the air-fuel ratio can be maintained adequately, so that the emission of the exhaust gas from the burner section 25 can be prevented from becoming worse.

Advanced device for the production of air gas

Catalytic reactor

Catalytic reactor

A reactor module for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis consists of a generally rectangular reactor block (10) comprising a stack of plates (12) defining flow channels (15) for coolant and flow channels (17, 117) for the synthesis reaction arranged alternately in the block. The synthesis flow channels (17, 117) extend in a generally vertical direction between upper and lower faces of the reactor block (10) and are defined by plates (12) in combination with either bars (18) or sheets (119) such that each channel is of width no more than 200 mm. The coolant flow channels (15) are oriented in the same direction, and communicate through distributor chambers (26) with inlet and outlet ports at side faces of the reactor block. A plant may contain a multiplicity of such reactor modules operating in parallel, the modules being interchangeable and replaceable. The temperature control is enhanced by allowing the coolant flow to be parallel to the synthesis gas flow.

REACTOR-EXCHANGER MODULE HAVING AT LEAST TWO FLUID CIRCUITS REALIZED BY PLATE STACK, APPLICATIONS TO EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC CATALYTIC REACTIONS

L'invention concerne un module (M) de réacteur-échangeur de chaleur à au moins deux circuits de fluide, comprenant un empilement de nappes de plaques rainurées assemblées entre elles par compression isostatique à chaud (CIC), en délimitant des canaux de caloporteur et des canaux de réactifs. Ces derniers sont remplis au moins partiellement d'un catalyseur de conversion comprenant une phase active métallique dispersée sur un support à base d'oxyde, la phase active métallique étant un métal de transition ou un mélange de métaux de transition. Selon l'invention, les dimensions des canaux (21) de circuit de réactifs, leur nombre par nappe ainsi que le nombre de nappes des canaux de circuits de réactifs sont déterminés de sorte à faire circuler un flux de réactifs pur, de préférence en conditions stoechiométriques, compris entre 1500 et 3000 Nm3/h/m2. The invention relates to a reactor-heat exchanger module (M) with at least two fluid circuits, comprising a stack of plies of grooved plates assembled together by hot isostatic compression (CIC), delimiting coolant channels and reagent channels. The latter are at least partially filled with a conversion catalyst comprising a metal active phase dispersed on an oxide-based support, the active metal phase being a transition metal or a mixture of transition metals. According to the invention, the dimensions of the reagent circuit channels (21), their number per layer as well as the number of layers of the reagent circuit channels are determined so as to circulate a pure reagent stream, preferably in conditions stoichiometric, between 1500 and 3000 Nm3 / h / m2.

Cold start pre-heater for a fuel cell system

A fuel cell system with fuel cells displaying cooling channels ( 26 ) assembled to form a fuel cell stack ( 10 ), with a coolant cycle ( 16 ) in which coolant is circulated by a pump ( 72 ) in a main cycle ( 70 ) which includes the cooling channels and a cooler ( 74 ) and with a heat storage unit ( 100 ) and a heating device ( 104 ) is characterized by the fact that the heat storage unit ( 100 ) is arranged in a branch ( 102 ) on the coolant cycle ( 16 ) parallel to the cooler ( 74 ), that a heat exchanger ( 106 ) that can be heated by the heating device ( 104 ) is arranged in a second branch ( 108 ) parallel to the heat storage unit ( 100 ), that a second pump ( 110 ) in the first branch ( 102 ) is arranged in front of the heat storage unit ( 100 ), that a two-way switching valve ( 112 ) is provided which displays a first connection ( 114 ) arranged in a first branch ( 102 ) in front of the second pump ( 110 ), a second connection ( 116 ) arranged in the first branch ( 102 ) in front of the second pump ( 110 ) and a third connection ( 118 ) which is arranged in the second branch ( 108 ) in front of the heat exchanger ( 106 ), and that a T connection ( 120 ) is provided between the first branch ( 102 ), the second branch ( 108 ) and the main cycle ( 70 ).

Subterranean gasification system and method

A system and method for gasification of a feedstock in a subterranean formation to produce syngas is described. An injection well is completed in the formation to inject an oxidant, provide an ignition source and convey the feedstock that includes water and one or more of a biomass, waste plastic, coal, bitumen and petcoke. Volatized hydrocarbons and gaseous reaction products are simultaneously withdrawn from a producer well from the subterranean formation to the surface. This syngas product is treated at the surface for power generation or conversion to transportation fuels and/or plastics. This method provides a low capital cost gasification unit which is capable of processing a variety of feedstock mixtures.

Apparatus for the production of gas with liquid hydrocarbons

Improvements in and connected with Carburetters.

23,201. Smith, N., and Smith, K. Oct. 20. Carburetting.-In a carburettor of the kind in which hydrocarbon flows successively over a series of plates formed by bending a metal sheet into zigzag or curved form, the plates are arranged so that anti-freezing liquid has access to the reverse side of each plate and so that the inclination of successive plates decreases towards the gas outlet. In the form shown, hydrocarbon is distributed from a perforated transverse gutter 5 to the upper surface of the uppermost of the plates 1, which may be roughened, and passes round a smooth portion 3 to the undersurface of the plate 1<a> and so on through the series; or the hydrocarbon may drip directly from the pipe 4 on to the plate 1 which is in such case provided with a V-shaped perforated wall. Air is admitted at 7 and, by means of baffle plates 9, is passed in contact with all the plates, the carburetted air passing out at 12. The trough 5 is screened from the air by a plate 8. The plates are mounted in a casing containing anti-freezing liquid 10, 10<a>. In a modification, the pairs of plates may be semielliptical, and a propeller may be provided for the circulation of the anti-freezing liquid.

Method and apparatus for the production of hydrocarbon gases

Condensation reduction in fluid mixing

Method and apparatus are disclosed for mixing fluid streams of different compositions (19) (22) to minimize fluid condensation inside a mixing vessel (10) where the objective is to produce an all-vapor mixture product (34).</S DOAB>

Process and apparatus for the production of lighting, heating and motive power by means of heavy benzols

Methods and systems for elevating a temperature within a fuel cell

A method for elevating a temperature within a fuel cell (401) having a cathode (101), an electrolyte (102) and an anode (103), includes, prior to the electrolyte (102) reaching a minimum temperature at which oxygen ions (111) cross the electrolyte (102), conducting an exothermic reaction at the cathode (101) or the anode (103) to elevate the temperature within the fuel cell (401).

Catalytic reaction module

A catalytic reaction module (10) for performing an endothermic reaction such as steam methane reforming, includes separate reactor blocks (12), each reactor block defining a multiplicity of first and second flow channels (15, 16) arranged alternately within the block to ensure thermal contact between the first and second flow channels. The reactor blocks (12a, 12b) may be arranged and connected for series flow of a combustible gas mixture in the first flow channels (15) and also of a gas mixture to undergo the endothermic reaction in the second flow channels (16). This enables the combustion process to be carried out in stages, with the option of cooling the combustion gases between stages, and introducing additional fuel and additional air.

Highly reactive gas production at low pressure and temperature for diverse surface treatments or chemical reactions

A gas, optionally comprising a mixture of gases, is prepared for heat treatment in this new conversion process. It is introduced into a gas activator, which has at least two electrodes (1, 3). These are insulated from each other and between them, a barrier discharge is established. Also claimed is the corresponding activator equipment.

Heat exchanger

Improvements in or relating to the Production of Air Gas.

24,991. Boulton & Paul, and Egerton, H. W. Oct. 27. Carburetting; testing gases. - In an air-gas plant, the extent of the surface of hydrocarbon on which the air impinges in the carburettor is varied by means of an adjustable baffle or covering-member. In the apparatus shown, air from a blower d is passed round the jacket of the hot-air engine d<4> and enters an air-holder a through holes a<5> in a pipe a<4> on which the holder slides. The rise of the holder a opens an outlet for the air through ports a<6>, b<1>, and at the same time controls the supply of gas to the burner of the engine d. The air passes to the surface of the liquid in the carburettor a through perforations c<2> in the underside of a distributor c<1>, which may be provided also with passages c<3> for the carburetted air. The effective area of the liquid is adjusted by means of a fan-like shutter n<1> operated by means of a hand-wheel d<3>, and the necessity for adjustment may be indicated by the length and luminosity of a flame of the gas. The gas passes out through a pipe c, which may be provided with a valve c<6>. In a modification, the carburettor is provided with a sump through which the shutter-operating member passes, and rise of the air-holder opens a valve in the air-supply pipe.

System and method for recovering thermal energy from a fuel processing system

A system and method for recovering thermal energy from a fuel processing system comprising a fuel processor (12) and a fuel cell stack (14). The system includes a heat recovery system including a heat exchange fluid (34) that recovers thermal energy from such sources as the combustion exhaust from the fuel processor, the cathode chamber exhaust (50) from the fuel cell stack and/or the fuel cell stack directly.

System and method for recovering thermal energy from a fuel processing system

Systems and methods for recovering thermal energy from a fuel processing system comprising a fuel processor and a fuel cell stack in communication with a household that is adapted to apply at least electrical loads, and optionally electrical and thermal loads, to the fuel processing system. The systems further include a thermal energy recovery system that is adapted to recover thermal energy from the fuel processing system and which includes a plurality of thermal energy reservoirs. The recovery system includes a delivery system that is adapted to selectively deliver heat exchange fluid from at least one of the plurality of thermal energy reservoirs into thermal communication with the fuel processing system to recover thermal energy therefrom. In some embodiments, at least one of the thermal energy reservoirs forms at least a portion of a potable hot water supply for the household.

Heat exchanger

A stacked assembly (10) of plates is provided, a first portion (11) of the length of the assembly (20) being formed of one or more first perforated plates (22, 52), with a central open region (29, 59A) enclosed by an inner annulus (24, 54) and limbs (25, 55) from the outer diameter of the inner annulus (24, 54) to the inner diameter of an outer peripheral annulus (23, 53), whereby the first plate (22, 52) has a central passageway (29, 59A) for the first fluid inside the inner annulus (24, 54) and a plurality of outer frusto-annular passageways (26, 56) for the second fluid, and, at one end of the first portion (11, 51), a second portion (16, 17, 56, 57) of the length of the assembly (10) formed of one or more second perforated plates (32, 62) of similar construction to the first plates (22, 52), each second plate (32, 62) differing from the first plate (22, 54) in that its outer peripheral annulus (33, 63) has one or more discontinuities (40, 70) to provide an inlet or an outlet into the outer frusto-annular passageways (36, 66) of the second portion,(16, 17).

Apparatus for fueling air with liquid hydrocarbons

Process for the production of a gas suitable for the synthesis of ammonia

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A solid fuel, preferably crude lignite, is comminuted to a particle size of less than 6 millimeters and then gasified togeth-er with the inherent water content thereof at temperatures of up to 1150°C. The crude gas thus obtained is washed and simultaneous-ly cooled to temperatures below the water dew point. Subsequently, the crude gas is desulfurized. According to one embodiment of the invention, the crude gas is next subjected to a carbon dioxide scrub. The thus-purified gas is then subjected to low-temperature dissoci-ation and a hydrogen-rich gaseous fraction is recovered. A portion of the hydrogen-rich fraction is combusted in the presence of such a quantity of air that the nitrogen present is sufficient to con-stitute the required proportion of nitrogen in the final ammonia synthesis gas. The combustion products are cooled to condense the water vapor and the resulting nitrogen-rich gas is then combined with the remainder of the hydrogen-rich fraction to produce a gas which is suitable for the synthesis of ammonia. According to an-other embodiment of the invention, a first portion of the desulfur-ized crude gas is subjected to the carbon dioxide scrub and the low-temperature dissociation described above so as to yield a hydrogen-rich gaseous fraction. A second portion of the desulfur-ized gas is combusted in the presence of such a quantity of air that the nitrogen present is sufficient to constitute the required proportion of nitrogen in the final ammonia synthesis gas. The combustion products are then cooled as above and the resulting nitrogen-rich gas is combined with the hydrogen-rich fraction de-rived from the first portion of the crude gas to produce a gas which is suitable for the synthesis of ammonia.

Fuel gas producing device

Improvements in or relating to Carburetters.

14,745. Snell, E. Scott-, Blatchley, C. P., and County Light, Ltd. June 24. Carburetting.-In a carburettor, air displaces a body of petrol upwards into an evaporating- chamber, the area of surface wetted by the petrol being dependent on the quantity of petrol displaced by the air. Air admitted through a pipe B bubbles through water in an annulus b<1> and passes through a pipe b<1> to the carburettor c to which petrol is delivered through a pipe C. The carburettor c is placed in the water of the gas-holder A and comprises a trough c' arranged to retain a petrol seal p and a narrow opentopped chamber c<3> which may be provided internally with fins or the like. The air blows the petrol up the walls of the chamber c<3>, and the gas passes into the holder A which it leaves through a pipe E. The trough c' communicates with an overflow d' having a vent d<2>.

Method and apparatus for odorizing liquefied gas

Method for recovering water vapor in fuel cell heater or fuel cell combined heat and power unit, involves transferring surplus water vapor from respective process gases to secondary side reactant gas stream for steam fuel processor

The method involves guiding moisture process gases to a membrane base at a primary side by a heating and water vapor transducer according to individual process steps. The surplus water vapor is transferred from the respective process gases to a secondary side reactant gas stream for a steam fuel processor. The reactant gas stream is heated at the membrane base by an auxiliary heat exchanger (2) before entering into the heating and water vapor transducer, where the transducer receives process gas stream at the primary side before or after a carbon monoxide shift reaction stage (9). An independent claim is also included for an arrangement for recovering water vapor in a fuel cell heater or fuel cell combined heat and power unit.

Vaporizing process.

Improvements in Carburetting Devices for Air Gas Apparatus.

1455. Still & Sons, W. M., and Abbott, F. E. Jan. 18. Carburetting.-A carburettor comprises a series of steps a over which the liquid and air flow, preferably in opposite directions. Some or all the steps may have projecting serrated edges. Petrol is fed through an inlet b, and, in the form shown, the air inlet is at the bottom and the gas outlet at the top. The carburettor may be air or water jacketed.

Improved Apparatus for Supplying Carburetted Air.

28,524. Williams, J. Dec. 8. Carburetting.-In a carburettor in which air bubbles through a seal of carburetting-liquid from under an inclined pivoted chamber, air is supplied to a holder a through pipes c, d, admission of air to the holder when full being prevented by a mercury seal d<3> carried by the bell engaging the end of a tube c', as described in Specification 17,416/10. Air passes from the holder a through a pipe j to an inclined annular pipe i of triangular section pivoted at i<0> in a trough h<2>, to which hydrocarbon is supplied from a tank e by the means described in Specification 18,057/10. The trough h<2> is covered by a liquid-sealed annular vessel h'. The inclination of the pipe i is adjustable by means of rods k<2>, k, k<1>. The air issues from holes or notches m in the bottom of the pipe i, the size of the holes being greater or their distance apart less at the part of the pipe nearer the pivot i. The greater the demand for gas, the lower the holes m through which air passes. The carburetted air is withdrawn through a pipe n.