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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 8150. Отображено 100.
05-01-2012 дата публикации

Biofuel containing levoglucosone and its production process from cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of an ionic liquid and an alkyl alcohol

Номер: US20120000116A1
Автор: Pedro Brito Correia
Принадлежит: Individual

The product Biofuel is presented as a motor fuel consisting of levoglucosone pure or mixed with ethanol and or hydrocarbons. Its production process from cellulose or starch uses in the first step, as a solvent and catalyst, a mixture of an alkyl alcohol, the ionic liquid N-alkyl imidazole hydrochloride and a small quantity of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the second step, levoglucosone is extracted with butanol. As butanol also extracts some N-alkyl imidazole, this is washed out by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Levoglucosone was identified by elemental analysis, NMR C13 and H and GC-MS.

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12-11-2021 дата публикации

Устройство переработки пивной дробины в биогаз

Номер: RU0000207707U1

Полезная модель относится к пищевой промышленности, биотехнологии и биоэнергетике, а именно к созданию усовершенствованного реактора переработки биомассы. Предложено устройство переработки отхода пивоваренного производства - пивной дробины в газообразное углеводородное топливо - биогаз. Полезная модель предусматривает создание реактора (ферментера) переработки дробины методом метанового брожения и оборудованного системой излучателей ультразвуковых волн для периодической ультразвуковой обработки субстрата пивной дробины с целью интенсификации процесса анаэробной переработки дробины микроорганизмами. Технический результат достигается оборудованием биореактора (ферментера) каскадом из системы ультразвуковых излучателей. Система размещения ультразвуковых излучателей на стенках внутренней поверхности ферментера представляет собой нисходящую спираль (рис 1), что позволяет при перемешивании субстрата пивной дробины, помещенного в ферментер, осуществлять наиболее полное и интенсивное воздействие энергией ультразвукового гидродинамического излучателя на весь объем обрабатываемого субстрата. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 207 707 U1 (51) МПК C12M 1/02 (2006.01) C12M 1/107 (2006.01) C12M 1/42 (2006.01) C02F 11/04 (2006.01) C12F 3/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C12M 1/02 (2021.08); C12M 1/107 (2021.08); C12M 1/42 (2021.08); C02F 11/04 (2021.08); C12F 3/06 (2021.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2021107419, 22.03.2021 22.03.2021 12.11.2021 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 22.03.2021 (45) Опубликовано: 12.11.2021 Бюл. № 32 2 0 7 7 0 7 R U (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ПИВНОЙ ДРОБИНЫ В БИОГАЗ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к пищевой анаэробной переработки дробины промышленности, биотехнологии и микроорганизмами. Технический результат биоэнергетике, а именно к созданию достигается оборудованием биореактора усовершенствованного реактора переработки (ферментера) каскадом из системы биомассы. ...

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12-01-2012 дата публикации

Methods and Compositions for the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Esters

Номер: US20120009636A1
Принадлежит: Joule Unlimited Technologies Inc

The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into compounds such as esters and fatty acids. In certain embodiments, the compounds produced are secreted into the medium used to culture the organisms.

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26-01-2012 дата публикации

Processes for producing low acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oils

Номер: US20120017494A1
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Processes for producing a low acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided that include pre-treating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil to form a treated acid-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The processes also include esterifying the treated acid-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil in the presence of supercritical alcohol and a catalyst composition to form the low-acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oil, the catalyst composition comprising a material selected from the group consisting of an unsupported solid acid catalyst, an unsupported solid base catalyst, and a catalytic metal dispersed on a metal oxide support.

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26-01-2012 дата публикации

Methods for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oils

Номер: US20120017495A1
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Methods for deoxygenating treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is exposed to a catalyst having a neutral catalyst support such as a non-alumina metal oxide support, a theta alumina support, or both. The non-alumina metal oxide support may be a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) support, a silicon oxide support, a zirconia oxide (ZrO 2 ) support, a niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) support, or a support having a mixture of non-alumina metal oxides. The catalyst may include a noble metal or a Group VIII non-noble metal and a Group VIB non-noble metal on the neutral catalyst support. The treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is introduced into a hydroprocessing reactor in the presence of the catalyst under hydroprocessing conditions to produce low oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil.

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09-02-2012 дата публикации

Ethanol/fuel blends for use as motor fuels

Номер: US20120030996A1
Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

An ethanol/fuel blend composition. The ethanol/fuel blend composition includes an ethanol composition including at least 92 wt. % ethanol, and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol and a fuel.

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16-02-2012 дата публикации

Integrated process for producing alcohols from a mixed acid feed

Номер: US20120036769A1
Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

Processes for producing alcohols such as ethanol and propanol from a mixed acid feedstock in an integrated process. In one embodiment, the process comprises the step of carbonylating methanol in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst to form a mixed acid feedstock comprising acetic acid and one or more higher acids, preferably comprising propionic acid. The mixed acid feed is hydrogenated in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a crude alcohol product comprising ethanol and one or more higher alcohols, preferably including propanol.

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01-03-2012 дата публикации

Dimethyl ether fuel compositions and uses thereof

Номер: US20120047796A1
Принадлежит: Range Fuels Inc

The present invention provides useful fuel compositions which may be produced substantially from renewable resources, such as biomass, to provide green fuel compositions, methods, and systems. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger alcohol, such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, or tert-butanol. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger hydrocarbons, such as propane, propylene, propyne, and propadiene, n-butane, isobutane, isobutylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, or 1,3-butadiene. Methods of making these novel DME-based fuel compositions, particularly from biomass-derived syngas, are described. Various applications and methods of using the fuel compositions, such as portable cylinder fuels for camping, are disclosed. Additionally, principles of burner design for these fuel compositions are disclosed herein.

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15-03-2012 дата публикации

Methods for producing a high protein corn meal from a whole stillage byproduct and system therefore

Номер: US20120064213A1
Автор: Chie Ying Lee
Принадлежит: Fluid Quip Inc

The present invention relates generally to corn dry-milling, and more specifically, to methods for producing a high protein corn meal from a whole stillage byproduct produced in a corn dry-milling process for making ethanol and a system therefore. In one embodiment, a method for producing a high protein corn meal from a whole stillage byproduct includes, in a corn dry-milling process for making ethanol, separating the whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion and a thin stillage portion. The thin stillage portion is separated into a protein portion and a water soluble solids portion. Next, the protein portion is dewatered then dried to define a high protein corn meal that includes at least 40 wt % protein on a dry basis.

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05-04-2012 дата публикации

Method of producing biodiesel from a wet biomass

Номер: US20120079760A1
Принадлежит: University of Michigan

A method of producing a biodiesel from a wet biomass is provided. The method includes providing the wet biomass that includes water and biomass solids. The method also includes heating the wet biomass at a first temperature and a first pressure for a time period ranging from 10 to 480 minutes to form an aqueous solution and a solid agglomerate containing a hydrolyzed lipid component. The method also includes step of transesterifying the hydrolyzed lipid component to form biodiesel.

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05-04-2012 дата публикации

Method for the synthesis of 5-alkoxymethyl furfural ethers and their use

Номер: US20120083610A1
Принадлежит: Furanix Technologies BV

Method for the manufacture of 5-alkoxymethylfurfural derivatives by reacting a fructose and/or glucose-containing starting material with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic or sub-stoechiometric amount of heterogeneous acid catalyst. The catalysts may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed or catalytic distillation reactor. The ethers can be applied as a fuel or fuel additive.

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19-04-2012 дата публикации

Production of Biodiesel Fuels Which Are Low in Glycerin and Sulfur

Номер: US20120093698A1
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of carboxylic acid esters and/or biodiesel fuel from feedstocks containing fatty acids, glycerated fatty acids, and glycerin by reactive distillation. Specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to the production of biodiesel fuels having low glycerin, water, and sulfur content on an industrial scale.

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03-05-2012 дата публикации

Lubricant additives

Номер: US20120108480A1
Автор: Paul Bloom
Принадлежит: Archer Daniels Midland Co

Processes are described for producing liquid, biobased lubricant additives containing from 50 to 100% biobased carbon according to ASTM D6866 from heat-bodied oils by transesterification with biobased or petroleum based alcohols and by hydrotreatment of at least the resulting diesters, triesters and polyesters.

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03-05-2012 дата публикации

Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock

Номер: US20120108871A1
Автор: Stephen J. Miller
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

A method comprising providing a fatty acyl mixture comprising: (i) a C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 30 wt. % wherein at least 80% of the C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chains are saturated; and (ii) a C 18 -C 22 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 20 wt. % wherein at least 50% of the acyl C 18 -C 22 carbon atom chains contain at least one double bond; hydrolyzing the mixture to yield a quantity of C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids; oligomerizing at least some of the C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids to yield a quantity of C 36+ fatty acid oligomers; hydrotreating at least some of the C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and at least some of the C 36+ fatty acid oligomers to yield a quantity of diesel fuel blendstock and C 36+ alkanes; and separating at least some of the diesel fuel blendstock from the C 36+ alkanes.

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31-05-2012 дата публикации

High cetane renewable fuels

Номер: US20120132183A1
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Co

A method for reducing the emissions of a diesel engine using a RHE-diesel fuel.

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31-05-2012 дата публикации

Methods for producing fuels and solvents

Номер: US20120136185A1
Автор: David Bressler
Принадлежит: University of Alberta

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid resources. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

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09-08-2012 дата публикации

Method and systems for making distillate fuels from biomass

Номер: US20120198760A1

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems and catalysts for converting biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks to C 8+ hydrocarbons using heterogenous catalysts. The product stream may be separated and further processed for use in chemical applications, or as a neat fuel or a blending component in jet fuel and diesel fuel, or as heavy oils for lubricant and/or fuel oil applications.

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16-08-2012 дата публикации

Renewable heating oil

Номер: US20120204479A1
Принадлежит: Kior Inc

More stable and valuable bio-oil produced from biomasses are provided. More specifically, more stable and valuable bio-oil useful as heating oil is provided. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bio-oil having sufficient heating value and stability to be useful as heating oil without the need to hydrotreat the bio-oil or use a similar deoxygenating process.

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20-09-2012 дата публикации

Fuel composition for a diesel engine

Номер: US20120233911A1
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

The invention is directed to a fuel composition for diesel engines. The fuel composition comprises 0.1-99% by weight of a component or a mixture of components produced from biological raw material originating from plants and/or animals and/or fish. The fuel composition comprises 0-20% of components containing oxygen. Both components are mixed with diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process.

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18-10-2012 дата публикации

Fuel composition

Номер: US20120260877A1
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

A fuel composition having a boiling range of between 95 to 440 degrees Fahrenheit containing (a) a saturates content below 55 vol %; (b) a RON of from about 88 to about 91; (c) an olefins content of from about 0 to about 5 vol %; (d) an aromatics content of from about 32 to about 40 vol %; (e) an ethanol content of from about 8 to about 16 vol %; (f) an octane sensitivity of from about 8 to about 11; and the fuel composition is used in an HCCI engine.

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08-11-2012 дата публикации

Continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel

Номер: US20120279111A1

A continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel with a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight in the transesterification step, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a triglyceride source at a triglyceride concentration above 99.0% by weight; b) subjecting triglycerides to a transesterification reaction with methanol, ethanol, or the mixtures thereof, at a molar ratio of triglycerides:alcohol 1:3-3.5, in the presence of 0.7 to 1.0% by weight of sodium or potassium hydroxide as catalyst, under ultrasonic cavitation conditions in an ultrasonic cavitation reactor with 2 to 8 serial cavitation cells, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C., at a pressure of 1.5 to 2 MPa (15-20 atm) and during a period of time of 15 to 30 seconds; c) recovering the product of step b) and subjecting it to mechanical agitation operation, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C. for a maximum of 10 minutes, up to the completion of the transesterification reaction, thus obtaining a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight; d) decanting and/or centrifuging the product resulting from step c) to remove glycerin; e) purifying biodiesel obtained in step d) by exchange resins; and f) removing by distillation methanol and water from the product of step e) and recovering the biodiesel fuel thus obtained.

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08-11-2012 дата публикации

Apparatus and Method for Converting Biomass to Feedstock for Biofuel and Biochemical Manufacturing Processes

Номер: US20120280175A1
Принадлежит: Virent Inc

Improved systems and methods for producing feedstock for biofuel and biochemical manufacturing processes are disclosed. Some systems and methods use components that are capable of transferring relatively high concentrations of solid biomass. Some systems and methods recycle a deconstruction catalyst.

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22-11-2012 дата публикации

Drying apparatus and methods for ethanol production

Номер: US20120291306A1
Принадлежит: J JIREH HOLDINGS LLC

The apparatus and methods disclosed herein relate to the production of dried co-products from stillage produced by an ethanol production facility. In various aspects, the apparatus and methods disclosed herein relate to an ethanol production facility that produces ethanol and stillage from grain, and a pulse combustion dryer in communication with the ethanol production facility to receive stillage therefrom and adapted to dry the stillage into a dried material

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13-12-2012 дата публикации

Methods for producing fuels and solvents substantially free of fatty acids

Номер: US20120316370A1
Автор: David Bressler
Принадлежит: University of Alberta

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid re-extraction sources. In general, the pyrolysis products of fatty acids are extracted in order to remove residual fatty acids and produce very pure hydrocarbon compositions composed of alkanes and alkenes. The fatty acids removed from the extraction step can be further pyrolyzed to produce additional hydrocarbons or, in the alternative, the fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

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24-01-2013 дата публикации

Mixed alcohol fuels for internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, kilns and gasifiers and slurry transportation

Номер: US20130019519A1
Принадлежит: Standard Alcohol Co of America Inc

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in petroleum-based hydrocarbon liquid fuels, synthetic or bio-derived gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke, heavy crude oil, bitumen, or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohol formulations can be blended with ground petroleum coke, coal, heavy crude oil, or bitumen to form a thixotropic slurry for ease of transportation. The mixed alcohol formulations can also be used to shurry transport ground biomass. The mixed alcohol formulations can contain a blend of C 1 -C 5 alcohols, or C 1 -C 8 alcohols or higher C 1 -C 10 alcohols in order to further boost energy content.

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14-02-2013 дата публикации

Production of chemicals and fuels from biomass

Номер: US20130036660A1
Принадлежит: Virent Inc

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to fuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the water insoluble components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to volatile C 2+ O 1-2 oxygenates, such as alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof. In certain applications, the volatile C 2+ O 1-2 oxygenates can be collected and used as a final chemical product, or used in downstream processes to produce liquid fuels, chemicals and other products.

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28-02-2013 дата публикации

Process for production of biodiesel

Номер: US20130053591A1
Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

A process for continuous production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification with methanol or ethanol to give crude fatty acid alkyl esters, subsequent washing with water in a wash column to remove water-soluble impurities, subsequent drying by vaporization of the water content and subsequent removal of steryl glycosides by adsorption onto calcium bentonite, wherein the adsorption column(s) used is/are regenerated in a first step, for desorption of the steryl glycosides, by rinsing with a mixture consisting of fatty acid alkyl esters and methanol or ethanol, and in a subsequent second step, for removal of methanol residues, by rinsing with fatty acid alkyl esters or with gaseous nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

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07-03-2013 дата публикации

Spent grain fuel product and process

Номер: US20130055622A1
Принадлежит: AKBEV LLC

A process of making a fuel product from spent grain from a beer brewing process. In the brewing process, the grain is pulverized to a particle size whose mean particle size is generally in the range of 0.25 mm to 0.6 mm with less than 1% greater than 2 mm. After the brewing sugars are extracted from the grain, the spent grain is pressed against a filter to reduce moisture below sixty-five percent (65%), and then the grain is dried to further reduce its moisture to less than ten percent (10%). The dried spent grain, after the aforementioned processing, is fed into a combustion chamber for a steam boiler that is used for beer brewing, and the spent grain is advanced downward through the combustion chamber with agitation to aid combustion.

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21-03-2013 дата публикации

THERMODEPOLYMERIZATION OF PLASTIC USING INDUCTION HEATING

Номер: US20130067800A1
Автор: Wahdan Karim
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatuses to depolymerize plastic to create fuel are provided. Plastic feedstock is heated to a molten state. The molten plastic is further heated by electromagnetic induction to a vapor state. The plastic vapor is collected and the temperature of the plastic vapor is lowered to produce liquid fuel. The molten plastic can be heated by electromagnetic induction to a vapor by placing the molten plastic in a plurality of trays and traversing the trays over a plurality of induction coils wherein each of the induction coils produce a magnetic field to heat the trays. 1. A method to depolymerize plastic to create fuel , comprising:heating plastic feedstock to a molten state;heating the molten plastic by electromagnetic induction to a vapor state; andcollecting the plastic vapor and lowering the temperature of the plastic vapor to produce liquid fuel.2. The method of wherein heating the molten plastic by electromagnetic induction to a vapor state comprises:placing the molten plastic in a plurality of trays; andtraversing the trays over a plurality of induction coils wherein each of the induction coils produces a magnetic field to heat the trays.3. The method of further comprising controlling an induction coil based on one or more characteristics of the plastic in a tray.4. The method of wherein the characteristics of the plastic is the state of the plastic and/or the type of plastic.5. A system to depolymerize plastic to create fuel claim 3 , comprising:an extruder to heat plastic feedstock to a molten state;a plurality of trays to hold the molten plastic; andan induction system to heat the trays by electromagnetic induction to heat the molten plastic to a vapor state.6. The system of further comprising a condenser to collecting the plastic vapor and lower the temperature of the plastic vapor to produce liquid fuel.7. The system of wherein the trays comprise a plurality of rods extending from the bottom of the tray.8. The system of further including a ...

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21-03-2013 дата публикации

Recovery of Oleaginous Tricyglycerols from Wastewater Title of Invention Treatment Plant Foams

Номер: US20130072706A1
Принадлежит: PHASE BIOCONTROL RES LLC

Tricyglycerols that may be converted to biofuel are recovered from oleaginous organisms in the natural and induced foam of wastewater treatment process plants. Growing oleaginous organisms in the form of comparatively dry foam simplifies harvest and is more efficient and efficacious than skimming the biomass off the top of the liquids that rely on less efficient centrifugation or filtration methods typically required to concentrate cells grown in liquids.

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21-03-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS FROM FEED-STOCKS COMPRISING TALL OIL AND TERPENE-COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20130072730A1
Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

The invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds; subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a hydroprocessing catalyst to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process. The invention further relates to a use of the hydrocarbon components produced by the process as a fuel or as an additive in fuel compositions. The invention also relates to a use of a NiW catalyst on a support selected from AlO, zeolite, zeolite-AlO, and AlO—SiOfor producing fuel or an additive for fuel compositions from a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds. 123-. (canceled)24. A process for producing hydrocarbon components , comprising:providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds;{'sub': 3', '2', '3, 'subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a NiO/MoOcatalyst on an AlOsupport to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a NiW catalyst on a zeolite-AlOsupport and in the presence of hydrogen to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components.'}25. The process according to wherein the terpene-based compounds are obtained from plants claim 24 , terpene oils claim 24 , distillation bottoms from terpene distillation and flavorants and/or fragrance industry.26. The process of wherein the feedstock comprises crude tall oil and crude sulphate turpentine derived from kraft pulping of wood.27. The process of wherein the crude tall oil is purified prior to subjecting it to the ...

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11-04-2013 дата публикации

Methane Enrichment of a Gaseous Alkane Stream for Conversion to Liquid Hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130090504A1
Принадлежит: Marathon GTF Technology Ltd

A method is provided for converting gaseous lower molecular weight alkanes contained in a feed gas to liquid higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. One or more lower molecular weight alkanes contained in the feed gas, which are heavier than methane, are converted to methane in a pre-former reactor. The resulting methane-enriched gas has a methane fraction greater than the methane fraction of the feed gas. The methane-enriched gas and bromine are reacted to form alkyl bromide and the alkyl bromide is reacted in the presence of a catalyst to form the liquid higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and a residual gas. The liquid higher molecular weight hydrocarbons are recovered as product and the residual gas is fed to the pre-former reactor with the feed gas.

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18-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THERMALLY CLEAVING ORGANIC WASTE HAVING HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT

Номер: US20130091761A1
Автор: Willner Thomas

The invention relates to a method for thermochemically converting organic waste material having high molecular weight into liquid combustible materials and fuels, comprising the following steps: feeding organic waste material into a reactor, heating the organic waste material to a temperature between 250° C. and 500° C. while avoiding exceeding critical coking temperatures in the reactor, feeding biogenic substances to the reactor, collecting and condensing the gases and vapors released from the mixture of organic waste material and biogenic substances, collecting the condensate and letting phases form, and removing the phase(s) containing liquid combustible materials and fuels. 1. A method for thermochemically converting organic waste material having high molecular weight into liquid combustible materials and fuels , comprising the following steps:feeding organic waste material into a reactor,heating the organic waste material to a temperature between 250° C. and 500° C. while avoiding exceeding critical coking temperatures in the reactor,feeding biogenic substances to the reactor,collecting and condensing the gases and vapors released from the mixture of organic waste material and biogenic substances,collecting of the condensate and letting form phases,removing the phase or phases containing liquid combustible materials and fuels.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the organic waste material consists of long-chain and/or branched hydrocarbon molecules.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the organic waste material consists of plastic or rubber wastes claim 1 , distillation residues from mineral oil processing claim 1 , heavy oils claim 1 , asphalts claim 1 , bitumen claim 1 , tar sands and/or oil shale.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the biogenic material is of plant and/or animal origin.5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the biogenic material is cellulose claim 1 , ...

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09-05-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Compositions for the Recombinant Biosynthesis of N-Alkanes

Номер: US20130111806A1
Принадлежит: JOULE UNLIMITED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms as hosts, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into n-alkanes, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of n-alkanes and related molecules. 118.-. (canceled)19. A fuel composition , wherein said fuel composition comprises a mixture of alkanes and alkanol , wherein at least 50% of said mixture is alkanes , and wherein said alkanes are selected from the group consisting of tridecane , tetradecane , pentadecane , hexadecane , and heptadecane.20. The fuel composition of claim 19 , wherein said mixture of alkanes comprises pentadecane claim 19 , hexadecane claim 19 , heptadecane and octedecan-1-ol claim 19 , and wherein heptadecane and pentadecane are predominant.21. The fuel composition of claim 19 , wherein said composition further comprises nonadecene.22. The fuel composition of claim 20 , wherein said composition further comprises nonadecene.23. The fuel composition of claim 19 , wherein at least 75% of said mixture comprises predominantly alkanes.24. The fuel composition of claim 20 , wherein at least 75% of said mixture comprises predominantly alkanes.2524. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition is a low-sulfur fuel composition.2624. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition is a carbon-neutral fuel composition.2724. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition has a higher δthan a comparable fuel made from fixed atmospheric carbon or plant-derived biomass.2824. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition is blended into diesel. This application is a continuation of U.S. utility application Ser. No. 13/243,136, filed Sep. 23, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. utility application Ser. No. 13/098,700, filed May 2, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,043,840, which is a continuation ...

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09-05-2013 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20130116487A1
Принадлежит: BP Oil International Limited

Unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 having less than 42% of aromatic compounds, and at least 2% by volume of the total composition of component (a′), which is a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream of MON value of at least 85. At least 70% in total of the stream is branched chain alkanes, the stream being obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C. The Boiling Points are measured according to ASTMID2892. At least 5% of at least one paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon has a bp 60-160° C., with not more than 5% of the total composition of hydrocarbon having a bp more than 160° C. Less than 5% 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane is present. 1142-. (canceled)143. An unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising less than 42% of aromatic compounds , and at least 2% (by volume of the total composition) of component (a′) , which is a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream of MON value of at least 85 , at least 70% in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes , said stream being obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a-cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C. , said Boiling Points being measured according to ASTMID2892 , and at least 5% of at least one paraffin , aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon of b.p. 60-160° C. , with not more than 5% of the total composition of hydrocarbon of bp more than 160° C. , and less than 5% 2 ,2 ,3-trimethylbutane or 2 ,2 ,3-trimethylpentane.144. An unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising less than 42% of aromatic compounds at least 5% (by volume of the total composition) of component (a′) , which is at least one branched chain alkane of MON value of ...

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

Diesel microemulsion biofuels

Номер: US20130118058A1

A biofuel can include a diesel fuel, a plant oil, an alcohol viscosity reducer that is either a mixture of a butanol and a C 1 -C 3 alcohol or solely butanol, and a surfactant present at no more than about 1.0% v/v. The biofuel exists as a clear, stable microemulsion at from about −10° C. to about 70° C. with the cloud point and pour point lower than −10° C.

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20130118059A1
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A process for conversion of a cellulosic material comprising 1. A method for conversion of a cellulosic material comprising contacting a cellulosic material with a liquid solvent at a temperature of equal to or more than about 200° C.; or', 'contacting a cellulosic material with a liquid solvent at a temperature of equal to or more than about 100° C. in the presence of a catalyst; and, 'a liquefaction step to produce a final liquefied product, the liquefaction step comprisinga catalytic cracking step to produce at least one cracked product, the catalytic cracking step comprising contacting at least part of the final liquefied product with a fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of equal to or more than about 400° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid solvent comprises water and/or an organic solvent.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquefaction step comprises simultaneously contacting the cellulosic material with an organic solvent claim 1 , a source of hydrogen claim 1 , an acid catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of equal to or more than about 150° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquefaction step comprises contacting the cellulosic material with an organic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst at a temperature of equal to or more than about 150° C. to produce an intermediate liquefied product; and subsequently hydrotreating the intermediate liquefied product with a source of hydrogen in the presence of a hydrotreatment catalyst to produce a final liquefied product.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid solvent is an organic solvent and wherein the process further comprises a separation step claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the final liquefied product produced in the liquefaction step is separated from at least part of the organic solvent.6. The method of wherein the separated portion of the organic solvent is used in the liquefaction step.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

CLEAN, HIGH EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GASOLINE PRODUCT

Номер: US20130125453A1
Автор: Zhou Xiangjin
Принадлежит:

A clean, high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product with main fractions of C6-C11 has a low octane rating and a low spontaneous ignition temperature. It can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine with a compression ratio of 16-19. Small amount of ethanol or dimethyl ether can be added into the gasoline product. 1. A clean , high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product , which is a kind of gasoline having a low octane rating , has a low spontaneous ignition temperature corresponding to that of diesel oil , can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine and sufficiently combusted within cylinder of the engine , wherein the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine using said gasoline having a low octane rating is generally 16-19 , and can be extended to 14-22;the main fractions of said gasoline having a low octane rating is C6-C11 alkane, wherein the higher the content of straight-chain alkanes, the lower the octane rating of gasoline is;the fractions of said gasoline can be extended to C5-C18 based on C6-C11, so as to form C5-C11 or C6-C18 or C5-C18, wherein the contents of components with various carbon chain lengths (including straight-chain alkanes and its isomer, and a small amount of olefins) are different from each other, the particular contents therefor can be optionally combined according to the requirements of market and users, but said gasoline should meet the prerequisite of being compressively ignited.2. The gasoline product according to claim 1 , wherein it is used in special-designed and special-produced internal combustion engine claim 1 , which has a compression ratio of 16-19 (similar to diesel engine);said internal combustion engine is provided with a lubrication system, a fuel oil storage and a delivery system (similar to gasoline engine) which are necessary for light fuel oil, and also has a pressurized injecting system (pressurized fuel injection pump and ...

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

DIESEL ENGINE INJECTOR FOULING IMPROVEMENTS WITH A HIGHLY PARAFFINIC DISTILLATE FUEL

Номер: US20130125849A1
Принадлежит: SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD.

The invention provides the use of a highly paraffinic distillate fuel in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system, wherein the distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt %, a sulphur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt %, such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g.cm(at 15° C.). 1. A highly paraffinic distillate fuel for use in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt % , a sulphur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt % , such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g.cm(at 15° C.).2. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 60% or less.3. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 50% or less and a density of more than 0.79 g.cm(at 15° C.).4. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel is derived from a Fischer Tropsch process claim 1 , a hydrogenated renewable oil claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel has a cetane number greater than 70.6. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition comprises a petroleum-derived distillate fuel claim 1 , a bio-derived fuel claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel ...

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF HYDROXYCYCLOALKANES AND USE OF THE PRODUCT IN BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS FOR AVIATION

Номер: US20130131407A1
Принадлежит:

This invention relates to a new biofuel alternative to be used in aviation sector, starting from obtention and production routes of renewable sources compounds, that may act as load for aviation kerosene composition. Naphthenic compounds (cycloalkanes) obtained from renewable sources are used as enrichment or addition loads of aviation kerosene. The process is based on hydrogenolysis catalytic reactions, from hydroxycycloalkanes derevatives substrata, like menthol and isopulegol. The catalytic system is constituted of a physical mixture of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts, acid heterogeneous catalysts, and hydrogenating metallic catalysts in acid supports. The hydrogenation catalysts used envolve noble metals from groups 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of periodic table, whose content ranges from 0.01-10%. The heterogeneous catalysts suitable acids are represented by acidic sulfonated polymer resins, protonated zeolites and sulfated zirconia. The catalytic reaction conditions involving a temperature range of 70-250° C., pressure between 1-70 and agitation ranging from 100-1000 rpm. The composition involving the biofuel, obtained by catalytic hydrogenation process, is obtained as a mixture composed by cycloalkanes and aviation fuel in ratio 1:100 to 100:1, in volume. 1. A biomass hydrogenolysis catalytic process comprising:a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of hydroxycycloalkanes derivatives to obtain biofuel for aviation, biokerosene composed mainly by cycloalkanes.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic system includes mixtures of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts and acid heterogeneous catalysts claim 1 , or bifunctional catalysts constituted of acid support and active phase by hydrogenating metal.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the mass ratio of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalyst:acid heterogeneous catalyst comprises 5:1 to 1:5 range claim 2 , more preferably the range between 2:1 and 1:2.4. The process according to claim 2 , ...

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

EVEN CARBON NUMBER PARAFFIN COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

Номер: US20130131408A1
Принадлежит: Syntroleum Corporation

Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material. 1. A composition comprising C-Cparaffins , wherein:the paraffins are produced from a renewable biological feedstock by a process comprising hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis; andthe paraffins are predominately even carbon number paraffins.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the even carbon number paraffins comprise n-hexadecane and n-octadecane.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the even carbon number paraffins comprise n-dodecane and n-tetradecane.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 75 wt % of the paraffins are even carbon number paraffins.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 80 wt % of the paraffins are even carbon number paraffins.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils claim 1 , plant oils claim 1 , algal oils claim 1 , animal fats claim 1 , tall oil fatty acid claim 1 , products of the food industry claim 1 , and a combination of any two or more thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the groups consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , canola oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , sunflower oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , palm kernel oil claim 1 , rapeseed oil claim 1 , and a combination of any two or more thereof.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , canola oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , palm ...

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06-06-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE JET FUEL DERIVED FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20130144090A1
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties. 1. A renewable jet fuel derived at least in part from biomass comprising:approximately 0 to 10 wt % n-paraffins,approximately 5 to 20 wt % iso-paraffins,approximately 15% to 95 wt % naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 1-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 50 wt % 2-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 10 wt % 3-ring naphthenes, andapproximately 0 to 25 wt % aromatics.2. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 25 weight percent naphthenes.3. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 45 weight percent naphthenes.4. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 70 weight percent naphthenes.5. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising up to a maximum of 90 weight percent naphthenes.6. The renewable jet fuel according to having a freeze point of less than −40 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The renewable jet fuel according to having a flashpoint greater than 100 degrees Fahrenheit.8. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein at least 95% of the jet fuel is derived from biomass.9. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein at least 90% of the jet fuel is derived from biomass.10. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein the jet fuel is a drop in jet fuel that meets all specifications for Jet A and JP-8. This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/567,287 filed Dec. 6, 2011, entitled “Direct Conversion of Biomass Oxygenates to Distillate-Range Hydrocarbons,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety. This application is also a non-provisional ...

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06-06-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE DIESEL FUEL DERIVED FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20130144091A1
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties. 1. A renewable diesel fuel derived at least in part from biomass comprising:approximately 0 to 10 wt % n-paraffins,approximately 5 to 20 wt % iso-paraffins,approximately 15% to 95 wt % naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 1-ring naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 2-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 15 wt % 3-ring naphthenes, andapproximately 0 to 25 wt % aromatics.2. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 25 weight percent naphthenes.3. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 45 weight percent naphthenes.4. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 70 weight percent naphthenes.5. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising up to a maximum of 92 weight percent naphthenes.6. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a cloud point of less than −20 degrees Fahrenheit and a pour point of less than −20 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a flashpoint greater than 125 degrees F.8. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a cetane rating of at least 40.9. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein at least 95% of the diesel fuel is derived from biomass.10. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein at least 90% of the diesel fuel is derived from biomass.11. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein the jet fuel is a drop in diesel fuel that meets all specifications for Number 2 Diesel. This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/567,287 filed Dec. 6, 2011, entitled “ ...

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06-06-2013 дата публикации

Renewable gas oil derived from biomass

Номер: US20130144094A1
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties.

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13-06-2013 дата публикации

Application of Bacteriophages for the Control of Unwanted Bacteria in Biofuel Production Mediated by Bacterial Reactive Agents

Номер: US20130149759A1
Принадлежит: Phage Biocontrol Res LLC

A method of reducing process interruptions in biofuel production systems mediated by bacterial reactive agents by reducing the amount of unwanted bacteria without reduction of wanted or useful bacteria. The method comprises applying a phage panel(s) containing phage virulent for unwanted bacteria that does not contain phage phages virulent wanted bacteria. The method includes, optionally, the selective production of solutions of phage for unwanted bacteria from which phages for wanted bacteria are screened out.

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27-06-2013 дата публикации

ORGANIC NITRATES AS IGNITION ENHANCERS

Номер: US20130160354A1
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A diesel fuel composition comprising an organic nitrate is described. The organic nitrate may be a terpene nitrate. Methods of using an organic nitrate for achieving a desired cetane number, and uses of organic nitrates for the purpose of reducing the ignition delay of the fuel and/or for increasing its cetane number to a defined level are also described, as are methods of operating a compression ignition engine. 2. The diesel fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Rto Ris selected from methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , n-propyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , isobutyl claim 1 , and tert-butyl.3. The diesel fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein one of Rand Ris methyl and one of Rand Ris isopropyl.4. The diesel fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein one of Rand Rforms an optionally substituted alkylene bridge with one of Rand R; and wherein the alkylene bridge has the formula —(CRR)— claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare independently selected from H claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , n-propyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , isobutyl and tert-butyl; and n is 1 or 2.6. The diesel fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the cetane number of the diesel fuel composition containing the organic nitrate is higher than the cetane number of the diesel fuel composition lacking the organic nitrate.7. The diesel fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein said diesel fuel composition has a cetane number of between 52 and 58.8. The diesel fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition comprises one or more additional organic nitrate.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least one of Rto Ris selected from methyl claim 9 , ethyl claim 9 , n-propyl claim 9 , isopropyl claim 9 , n-butyl claim 9 , isobutyl claim 9 , and tert-butyl.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein one of Rand Ris methyl and one of Rand Ris isopropyl.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein said method is configured to increase the cetane number of the diesel fuel ...

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18-07-2013 дата публикации

Production of alkyl esters from high free fatty acid sources

Номер: US20130180163A1
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention provides a novel system for the conversion of fats, oils, and greases (FOG) from processed food sources, including but not limited to trap greases, FOG separated from prepared foods, waste streams from glycerin separation processes, “black grease” collected from the scum-layer of waste water treatment facilities, and other sources having high free fatty acid content, to their alkyl esters.

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01-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL FROM ALGAL LIPID WITH DIMETHYL CARBONATE

Номер: US20130192126A1

The present invention relates to a method for renewable energy production using biomass, more specifically, method for producing eco-friendly biodiesel with algal lipid and dimethyl carbonate. 1. A method for producing biodiesel from algal lipid with dimethyl carbonate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the algal lipid is extracted from an algae with dimethyl carbonate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel is made by transesterification reaction of algal lipid and dimethyl carbonate.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the algae is cultured in wastewater.5AnkistrodesmusScenedesmusChlorellaAnabaenaOscillatoriaBotryococcus,NeochlorisTetraselmisPorphyridiumPhaeodactylumNannochloropsisEllipsoidionIsochrysisPavlovaThalassiosiraSkeletonemaChlorococcumDunaliellaAphanizomenonHaematococcusCrypthecodiniumShizochytrium.. The method of claim 2 , wherein the algae is selected from the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus and the genus6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the algal lipid is extracted by the mixture ratio of algal biomass:dimethyl carbonate=1:20 (g/mL).7. A biodiesel without glycerol claim 1 , produced according to the method of . 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to method for renewable energy production using biomass, more specifically, method for producing eco-friendly biodiesel with algal lipid and dimethyl carbonate.2. Description of the Related ArtTechnology for renewable energy production has been developed using food resources or waste wood as biomass sources. In recent years, renewable energy technology utilizing algal lipid has been proposed.Algae captures carbon dioxide from ...

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08-08-2013 дата публикации

Ethanol Compositions

Номер: US20130199084A1
Принадлежит: Celanese International Corporation

In one embodiment, the present invention is to an ethanol composition comprising at least 92 wt. % ethanol and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol. 125-. (canceled)26. An ethanol composition comprising:at least 92 wt. % ethanol;less than 1000 wppm isopropanol;acetaldehyde; andless than 10 wppm methanol;wherein the amount of acetaldehyde is less than the amount of isopropanol.27. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising from 92 wt. % to 96 wt. % ethanol.28. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising from 95 to 1000 wppm isopropanol.29. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising less than 10 wppm acetaldehyde.30. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising one or more organic impurities selected from the group consisting of acetaldehyde claim 26 , acetic acid claim 26 , diethyl acetal claim 26 , ethyl acetate claim 26 , butanol claim 26 , 2-butanol claim 26 , isobutanol claim 26 , and mixtures thereof.31. The ethanol composition of claim 30 , wherein the ethanol composition comprises less than 1 wt. % of the one or more organic impurities.32. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising less than 8 wt. % water.33. The ethanol composition of claim 32 , wherein the weight ratio of isopropanol to water in the ethanol composition ranges from 1:80 to 1:1000.34. An ethanol composition comprising:at least 92 wt. % ethanol;less than 1000 wppm isopropanol; andn-propanol,wherein the weight ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol is at least 0.5:1.35. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising from 95 wppm to 270 wppm n-propanol.36. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising from 92 wt. % to 96 wt. % ethanol.37. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising from 95 to 1000 wppm isopropanol.38. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising one or more organic impurities selected from the group consisting of acetaldehyde claim 34 , acetic acid claim 34 , diethyl ...

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15-08-2013 дата публикации

RECYCLING AND REINVESTMENT OF CARBON FROM AGRICULTURAL PROCESSES FOR RENEWABLE FUEL AND MATERIALS USING THERMOCHEMICAL REGENERATION

Номер: US20130205647A1
Автор: McAlister Roy Edward
Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies, LLC

Techniques, systems, apparatus and material are disclosed for regeneration or recycling of carbon substances into renewable fuel and materials. In one aspect, a method of recycling carbon to produce a renewable fuel can include harvesting carbon donors, such as carbon dioxide (CO), emitted from an agricultural process. Hydrogen donors, such as from biomass waste, can be dissociated under an anaerobic reaction to produce hydrogen. The harvested carbon dioxide can be reacted with the waste-produced hydrogen under pressure and temperature to generate a renewable fuel, such as methanol fuel. 1. A method of recycling carbon to produce a renewable fuel , the method comprising:harvesting one or more hydrogen and/or carbon donors emitted from an agricultural process;dissociating a waste comprising hydrogen under an anaerobic reaction to produce hydrogen; andreacting the harvested hydrogen and/or carbon donors with the waste produced hydrogen under pressure and temperature to generate a renewable fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the harvested carbon donors comprises at least one of carbon monoxide claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and methane.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste comprising hydrogen comprises waste or byproducts of biomass digestion claim 1 , agricultural processes claim 1 , and energy utilization.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel comprises at least one of alcohol and ether.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alcohol comprises at least one of methanol and ethanol; andthe ether comprises at least one of dimethyl ether (DME) and diethyl ether (DEE).6. The method of claim 5 , comprising converting one or more ethers to generate a polymer precursor to a durable good.7. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding a catalyst to increase a rate of production of the renewable fuel.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises at least one of copper-zinc-oxide claim 7 , deposited sinter mixture of copper claim 7 , and ...

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22-08-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A REFINERY STREAM-COMPATIBLE BIO-OIL FROM A LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20130212930A1
Принадлежит: Chevron USA, Inc.

In one aspect, a method for rendering biomass-derived pyrolysis oil miscible with refinery hydrocarbons comprises mixing a high oxygen content bio-oil having an oxygen content of at least about 10 wt. % with a low oxygen content bio-oil having an oxygen content of less than about 8 wt. % to produce a blended oil. The blended oil may be hydrotreated to produce a deoxygenated hydrotreated mixture from which water is removed using a separator, resulting in a low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate miscible in refinery process streams. A portion of the low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate may be recycled with the high oxygen content bio-oil or removed for use in a refinery process stream for further hydroprocessing. 1. A method for rendering biomass-derived pyrolysis oil miscible with refinery hydrocarbons , the method comprising the steps of:a) mixing (i) a high oxygen content bio-oil comprising an oxygen content of at least about 10 wt. % with (ii) a low oxygen content bio-oil an oxygen content of less than about 8 wt. % to yield a blended oil.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:b) hydrotreating the blended oil to yield a hydrotreated mixture comprising (i) low oxygen-content hydrotreated bio-oil and (ii) water, wherein the low oxygen-content hydrotreated bio-oil has an oxygen content of 10 wt. % or less.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:c) removing water from the hydrotreated mixture to yield a low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate, wherein water removal is effected via a phase separation between the low oxygen content hydrotreated bio-oil and the water.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:d) combining at least a portion of the low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate with the high oxygen content bio-oil in step (a), ande) repeating steps (a) through (d).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high oxygen content bio-oil is produced in a conversion reactor by a conversion process selected from the group ...

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Process for the manufacture of butanol or acetone

Номер: US20130219776A1
Принадлежит: CELTIC RENEWABLES Ltd

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CETANE DIESEL PRODUCT

Номер: US20130220881A1
Автор: Ikura Michio
Принадлежит:

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a process of increasing the cetane number rating of a diesel oil feedstock. The process involves reacting a diesel fuel feedstock in liquid form with ozone in gaseous form in the presence of an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms and at least one polar solvent different from the alcohol, thereby forming an ozonated diesel oil containing oxidized byproducts, wherein the alcohol and said polar solvent are employed in amounts totaling no more than about 10 vol. % of the feedstock. The oxidized byproducts are then separated from the ozontated diesel oil to produce a hydrocarbon product of increased cetane number rating relative to the feedstock oil. The product can be used as a diesel fuel or as a diesel fuel extender mixed with conventional diesel fuel of low cetane number. 1: A process of increasing the cetane number rating of a diesel oil feedstock , which process comprises the steps of:reacting a diesel fuel feedstock with ozone in the presence of an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms and at least one polar solvent different from said alcohol, thereby forming an ozonated diesel oil containing oxidized byproducts, wherein said alcohol and said polar solvent are employed in amounts totaling no more than about 10 vol. % of said feedstock; andseparating said oxidized byproducts from said ozonated diesel oil to produce a diesel hydrocarbon product of increased cetane number rating relative to said feedstock.2: The process of claim 1 , wherein said reacting of said feedstock with said ozone is carried out in the absence of an introduced oxidation catalyst.3: The process of claim 1 , wherein said reacting of said feedstock with said ozone is carried out in the presence of an introduced oxidation catalyst.4: The process of claim 3 , wherein said catalyst contains VO claim 3 , TiOand optionally metallic Pt.5: The process of claim 1 , wherein said diesel fuel hydrocarbon feedstock has a sulfur content of less than 100 ...

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods for making and distributing batches of butane-enriched gasoline

Номер: US20130225883A1
Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Disclosed are automated methods and systems for certifying the volatility of butane-enriched gasoline downstream of a butane blending operation. Such automated methods and systems provide significant advantages to comply with volatility requirements imposed by EPA or state regulations.

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12-09-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REMOVING SILOXANE-BASED DERIVATIVES FROM A LIQUID ORGANIC PHASE

Номер: US20130232857A1
Принадлежит:

A method for mineralizing siloxane derivatives from a liquid organic phase by adding a base in the form of an alkaline hydroxide. 1. A method for removing derivatives based on siloxane from at least one liquid organic phase , comprising the following steps:heating of said liquid organic phase to a predetermined temperature,adding a base to said heated organic phase in order to obtain a reaction mixture,mineralizing compounds based on siloxane in said organic phase, andliquid/solid separation of said reaction mixture in order to separate said mineralised solid compounds based on siloxane from said liquid organic phase depleted in siloxanes, characterized in that said base is in the form of an alkaline hydroxide and in that the heating step is carried out at said predetermined temperature which is greater than 165° C.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , after said addition of the base claim 1 , the reaction mixture is left to react for a predetermined period of time at said predetermined temperature claim 1 , preferably with stirring.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said predetermined temperature is comprised between 200 and 350° C.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said predetermined period of time is comprised between 1 and 250 minutes claim 1 , preferably between 1 and 45 minutes.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said added base in the form of an alkaline hydroxide is selected from KOH and NaOH.6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , prior to said mineralization of the compounds based on siloxane claim 1 , a separation of phenol derivatives and of acids claim 1 , for example carboxylic acids.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said solid/liquid separation is a distillation claim 1 , for example carried out under reduced pressure claim 1 , until the column head fraction attains a temperature of at least 200° C.8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , after ...

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12-09-2013 дата публикации

BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION, SEPARATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20130236938A1
Принадлежит: SMARTFLOW TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present invention provides for a method for treatment of fats, oils and grease (FOG) for separation of target products and/or the efficient production of biodiesel while reducing disposal of solid or liquid waste matter into landfills or water treatment facilities. 1. A method for producing an alkyl ester for use as a fuel , the method comprising;mixing in a reaction vessel an oil source containing triglycerides and/or free fatty acids with an alcohol in the presence of a biocatalyst or chemical catalyst to produce an alkyl ester; and "an array of sheet members of generally rectangular and generally planar shape with main top and bottom surfaces, wherein the sheet members include in sequence in said array a first retentate sheet, a first filter sheet, a permeate sheet, a second filter sheet, and a second retentate sheet, wherein at least the alky esters, having a diameter larger than the filter sheet's pore size, are retained in the retentate flow, and at least a portion of the liquid medium with any permeate species diffuse through the filter sheets and enter the permeate sheet and permeate flow.", 'separating the alkyl ester from at least the alcohol and catalyst, by using a cross-flow filtration cassette, wherein the cross-flow filtration cassette comprises2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil source is plant oil claim 1 , microalgae oil claim 1 , animal oil claim 1 , fish oil claim 1 , lard claim 1 , rendered fats claim 1 , cooking oil claim 1 , tallow or waste grease.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an enzyme.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the enzyme is a lipase and catalyzes a transesterification and/or esterification reaction.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an acid catalyst or alkaline catalyst.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil source is initially treated to remove unwanted water using a using a cross-flow filtration cassette claim 1 , wherein the cross-flow filtration cassette comprises:an array of ...

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19-09-2013 дата публикации

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20130239466A1
Автор: Mowry Gregory
Принадлежит:

A reactor includes a shell having an input port configured to receive a reaction mixture and an output port configured to discharge a reaction product and a plug within the shell, the sintered plug having a first catalyst configured to transform the reaction mixture into the reaction product, the plug having pores of at least micrometers (μm) diameter. A conduit includes a first and second lumen, the first lumen configured to carry a first fluid in a first direction and the second lumen configured to carry a second fluid in a second direction, the first lumen helically twisted relative to the second lumen, and the first lumen configured to conductively transfer thermal energy to the second lumen. A system includes a reactor with a sintered plug and a heat exchanger including a first and a second lumen helically intertwined about an axis. 1. A system , comprising:a heat exchanger including a first lumen and a second lumen helically intertwined about an axis; anda reactor including a sintered plug in a vessel in fluid communication with the first pipe and the second pipe, the plug having pores of at least 0.01 micrometers (μm) diameter and the plug configured to catalyze a reaction.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is configured to operate at a temperature of up to 500 degrees Celsius (° C.).3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is configured to operate at a pressure of at least 8.3 megapascals (MPa).4. The system of claim 1 , including a heater is in fluid communication with the first pipe and configured to add thermal energy to the system.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to be transportable.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sintered plug includes stainless steel.7. A conduit claim 1 , comprising a first lumen and a second lumen claim 1 , the first lumen configured to carry a first fluid in a first direction and the second lumen configured to carry a second fluid in a second direction claim 1 , the first lumen is ...

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19-09-2013 дата публикации

EXPANSION OF FUEL STREAMS USING MIXED HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20130239470A1
Автор: BUCHANAN Keith D.
Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Methods and systems for blending multiple batches of mixed hydrocarbons into fuel streams downstream of the refinery are provided that do not compromise the octane value of the fuel and do not cause the volatility of the fuel to exceed volatilities imposed by government regulation. 2) A method for making mixed pentane enriched fuel without depressing the octane of the fuel , comprising the steps: i) a first enclosed conduit transmitting a fuel stream,', 'ii) a second enclosed conduit transmitting an additive stream, wherein the additive stream comprises mixed pentanes, and', 'i) an outlet in the second enclosed conduit forming a fluid connection with an inlet in the first enclosed conduit,, 'a) providing a fuel blending unit characterized by i) a volatility for the additive stream (the “additive stream volatility”),', 'ii) a flow rate for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream flow rate”),', 'iii) an octane value for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream octane value”), and, 'b) providingiv) a maximum blended volatility for the fuel stream (the “maximum blended volatility”),c) measuring the fuel stream for its actual volatility (the “fuel stream volatility”), i) the fuel stream volatility,', 'ii) the additive stream volatility, and', 'iii) the fuel stream flow rate,, 'd) calculating a rate (the “additive stream flow rate”) at which the additive stream can be added to the fuel stream so as not to exceed the maximum blended volatility, wherein the calculating is based upone) adding the additive stream to the fuel stream at the additive stream flow rate at the fluid connection to make pentane enriched fuel, andf) adding ethanol to the pentane enriched fuel in an amount sufficient to overcome the depression in octane caused by n-pentane in the mixed pentanes.3) A method for blending heterogeneous batches of mixtures of light hydrocarbons into a primary fuel stream (the “fuel stream”) comprising: i) a mixed hydrocarbon stream (the “additive stream”) comprising a plurality of ...

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19-09-2013 дата публикации

Process for the Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From Variable Feedstock Using Heterogeneous Catalysts

Номер: US20130245300A1
Автор: Kyent Chin
Принадлежит: Individual

A process for producing fatty acid methyl esters includes mixing an alcohol with a feedstock oil to prepare an alcohol/oil mixture, then reacting the alcohol/oil mixture using a first heterogeneous catalyst in an acid esterification process to produce a glycerin-containing product. The glycerin is separated from the glycerin-containing product using a coalescer to produce a biodiesel-containing feedstock and glycerin. Biodiesel is separated from the biodiesel-containing feedstock using a coalescer to produce unreacted feedstock and biodiesel. The unreacted feedstock is reacted using a second heterogeneous catalyst in a trans-esterification process to produce a glycerin-biodiesel-methanol mixture. Biodiesel and glycerin are separated in separate streams from the glycerin-biodiesel-methanol mixture, using a coalescer, to produce additional glycerin and additional biodiesel.

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26-09-2013 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION AND ITS USE

Номер: US20130247856A1
Автор: SHEA Timothy Michael
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A fuel composition is provided that contains a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range and a minor amount of and (b) a minor amount of alpha-terpinene. Embodiments of the fuel composition increase the sensitivity of the fuel without significantly altering the octane number. Fuel sensitivity is increased by increasing the delta between RON and MON. 1. A gasoline composition comprising (a) a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range and (b) a minor amount of alpha-terpinene.2. The gasoline composition of wherein the alpha-terpinene is present in an amount from about 0.01% by weight to about 10% by weight base on the total weight of the gasoline composition.3. The gasoline composition of wherein the alpha-terpinene is present in an amount from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight base on the total weight of the gasoline composition.4. The gasoline composition of wherein the alpha-terpinene is present in an amount from about 0.5% by weight to about 3% by weight base on the total weight of the gasoline composition.5. The gasoline composition of having an Octane Index defined as (RON+MON)/2 of at least about 80.6. The gasoline composition of further comprising at least one gasoline additive.7. The gasoline composition of wherein the at least one gasoline additive comprises a detergent additive.8. The gasoline composition of wherein the detergent additive has a treat rate in a range of from about 0.007 weight percent to about 0.76 weight percent based on the final fuel composition.9. The gasoline composition of wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range comprises a saturated hydrocarbon content ranging from about 40% to about 80% by volume claim 1 , an olefinic hydrocarbon content from 0% to about 30% by volume and an aromatic hydrocarbon content from about 10% to about 60% by volume.10. The gasoline composition of wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range is ...

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26-09-2013 дата публикации

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANT

Номер: US20130253237A1
Автор: Mathur Indresh
Принадлежит: Johann Haltermann Limited

Disclosed is a high performance hydrocarbon fuel characterized by a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% by weight, a hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio greater than 2.0 and/or a heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb. The disclosed fuels generally have a paraffin content that is at least 90% by mass and a C-Cisoparaffin content of at least 40% by mass. 1. A hydrocarbon fuel having a range of components that provide a boiling point range of at least 100° F. , and having a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% on a mass basis.2. A hydrocarbon fuel having a range of components that provide a boiling point range of at least 100° F. , and having a hydrogen to carbon ratio greater than 2.0 on an atomic basis.3. The hydrocarbon fuel of having a net heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb.4. A hydrocarbon fuel in accordance with which is a blend of an isoparaffin and a highly paraffinic kerosene.5. The hydrocarbon fuel of claim 4 , in which the isoparaffin is comprised of at least one isododecane claim 4 , at least one isohexadecane claim 4 , at least one isoeicosane claim 4 , or a mixture of these.6. A hydrocarbon fuel in accordance with which is a blend of an isoparaffin and a naphthenic kerosene.7. The hydrocarbon fuel of claim 6 , in which the isoparaffin is comprised of at least one isododecane claim 6 , at least one isohexadecane claim 6 , at least one isoeicosane claim 6 , or a mixture of these.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. A fuel composition comprising:a total paraffin content of at least 90% by mass; andwherein the composition contains at least 40% by mass of isoparaffins having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.11. The composition of claim 10 , in which a net heat of combustion is greater than 18 claim 10 ,700 BTU/lb.12. The composition of claim 10 , in which the hydrogen content is greater than 14.5% by mass.13. The composition of wherein the total paraffin content is at least 95% by mass.14. The composition of wherein the composition contains at least 60% by mass ...

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03-10-2013 дата публикации

Miscible Diesel Fuel Ethanol Composition

Номер: US20130255141A1
Автор: Joseph Ried
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention relates to a fuel composition comprising diesel fuel, a fusel oil distillate and ethanol, and to a method of its preparation by splash blending,

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03-10-2013 дата публикации

Process for preparing biodiesel from renewable grease with lipase as catalyst and online dehydration

Номер: US20130260428A1
Принадлежит: TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY

Disclosed is a process for preparing biodiesel from renewable oil and fat catalyzed by lipase with online dehydration. The method uses a short chain alcohol ROH as an acyl-acceptor, and utilizes a lipase as the catalyst to catalyze transesterification reaction of oil and fat feedstock with said short chain alcohol, so as to synthesize biodiesel; and online dehydration with a membrane or a molecular sieve is carried out during the whole process or part of the reaction process. Such online dehydration process greatly simplifies the operation procedure, and provides good economic and environmental benefits.

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17-10-2013 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20130269243A1
Автор: Lund Morten A.
Принадлежит:

A fuel composition for use in an internal combustion engine comprising at least one liquid fuel and at least one gaseous fuel, the gaseous fuel having an effective solubility in the liquid fuel at twenty degrees Celsius and one atmosphere in the range of 0.0000001 g/kg to 0.0002 g/kg, wherein dispersion of the gaseous fuel within the liquid fuel before introduction of the fuel composition to the injection system of the engine is such that molecules of the liquid and gaseous fuels are substantially equidistant one from another, liquid from liquid and gas from gas, within a variance preferably of no more than one hundred percent (±100%), more preferably of no more than fifty percent (±50%), and most preferably of no more than twenty-five percent (±25%), whereby the fuel composition is substantially homogeneous so as to promote the atomization of the liquid fuel and thus improve combustion. 1. An internal combustion engine fuel composition comprising:at least one liquid fuel; andat least one gaseous fuel, the gaseous fuel having an effective solubility in the liquid fuel at twenty degrees Celsius and one atmosphere in the range of 0.0000001 g/kg to 0.0002 g/kg, wherein dispersion of the gaseous fuel within the liquid fuel before introduction of the fuel composition to an internal combustion engine is such that molecules of the liquid and gaseous fuels are substantially equidistant one from another, liquid from liquid and gas from gas, within a variance of no more than one hundred percent (±100%),whereby the fuel composition is substantially homogeneous before being introduced to the internal combustion engine such that upon injection the rapid expansion of the gaseous fuel dispersed within the liquid fuel promotes the atomization of the liquid fuel and thus improves combustion, andwherein the time between mixture of the gaseous fuel into the liquid fuel to form the fuel composition and introduction of the fuel composition into the internal combustion engine is at least ...

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17-10-2013 дата публикации

Heat Exchange Medium

Номер: US20130269635A1
Принадлежит: EC1 INVENT AB

The present invention relates to the replacement of water and glycol mixtures by a synthetically made diesel as cooling medium, for instance engine coolant in vehicles. The synthetic diesel is environmental-friendly, usable in a wide temperature range, functions as corrosion protection in radiator systems, and transports heat better than water does.

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24-10-2013 дата публикации

USE OF ADDITIVES WITH DETERGENT ACTION FOR FURTHER INCREASING THE CETANE NUMBER OF FUEL OILS

Номер: US20130276362A1
Автор: BOEHNKE Harald
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to the use of additives with detergent action selected from: 1. A method for increasing the cetane number of a fuel oil comprising a cetane number improver , the method comprising:adding at least one additive with detergent action to the fuel oil comprising a cetane number improver,wherein the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of:(i) a compound with moieties derived from succinic anhydride and comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amido group, and an imido group;(ii) a nitrogen compound quaternized in an acid-free manner, wherein the nitrogen compound is obtained by a process comprising:adding a compound comprising an oxygen- or a nitrogen-comprising group reactive with an anhydride and additionally a quaternizable amino group into a polycarboxylic anhydride compound, andsubsequently quaternizing the compound, thereby obtaining the nitrogen compound;(iii) polytetrahydrobenzoxazine and bistetrahydrobenzoxazine.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil is free of mixtures of(A) aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids comprising 12 to 24 carbon atoms or dimerization or trimerization products thereof, which optionally are free carboxylic acids, ammonium salts, amides, esters or nitriles, and(B) polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds, which are obtained by a process comprising: distilling residues of natural oils extracted from tree resins.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive with detergent action is the nitrogen compound (ii).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nitrogen compound is a polyisobutenylsuccinic monoamide obtained by a process comprising:{'sub': n', '1', '4', '2', '4, 'reacting a polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride comprising a polyisobutenyl radical having an Mof from 500 to 2,500, with one or more N,N-di-(C- to C-alkyl)-amino-C- to C-alkyleneamines, and'}subsequently quaternizing with an epoxide ...

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07-11-2013 дата публикации

Maximizing Aromatics Production From Hydrocracked Naphtha

Номер: US20130291432A1
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

A gasoline blending components production system useful for producing both aromatics and gasoline blending components from naphtha. The production system includes a light hydrocracked naphtha splitter, a medium hydrocracked naphtha splitter, a naphtha hydrotreater, an isomerization unit, a continuous catalytic reformer and aromatics complex. The production system is operable to produce both refined benzene and para-xylene products in addition to medium hydrocracked naphtha, isomerate, a C7s cut and a C9+ cut, which are useful for gasoline blending without additional treatment. A method for producing gasoline blending components while maximizing aromatic production includes introducing both stabilized hydrocracked naphtha to the light hydrocracked naphtha splitter and straight run naphtha to the naphtha hydrotreater. Operating the production system produces three types of hydrocracked naphtha: a light hydrocracked naphtha, a medium hydrocracked naphtha and a heavy hydrocracked naphtha. Light and heavy hydrocracked naphtha are directed to the naphtha hydrotreater.

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14-11-2013 дата публикации

Process for the manufacture of butanol or acetone

Номер: US20130298453A1
Принадлежит: CELTIC RENEWABLES Ltd

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

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14-11-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20130303792A1
Принадлежит: FURANIX TECHNOLOGIES B.V.

A process for the preparation of a ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I) or a mixture of such ethers: (I) R″-TF—CH2-O—R where TF represents a 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran ring, where each R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each R″ independently represents a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, the product of an aldol condensation reaction or an alkoxymethyl group of the general formula (II): (II) —CH2-O—R′ where each R′ independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the process including the step of reacting a 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural of the general formula (III) or a 2,5-bis(dialkoxymethyl)furan of the general formula (IV) under hydrogenation conditions: (III) R′−O—CH2-F—CH═O (IV) R′—O—CH2-F—CH2-O—R″ to form said ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I) or a mixture of said ethers wherein F represents a 2,5-disubstituted furan ring, and R′, and R″ have the definitions as described above. 13-. (canceled)4. A process for the preparation of a ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I) or a mixture of said ethers:{'br': None, 'R″-TF—CH2-O—R \u2003\u2003(I)'} {'br': None, '—CH2-O—R′\u2003\u2003(II)'}, 'wherein TF represents a 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran ring, wherein each R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and wherein each R″ independently represents a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, the product of an aldol condensation reaction or an alkoxymethyl group of the general formula (II)wherein each R′ independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, [{'br': None, 'R′—O—CH2-F—CH═O \u2003\u2003(III)'}, {'br': None, 'R′—O—CH2-F—CH2-O—R″\u2003\u2003(IV)'}], 'said process comprising the step of reacting a 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural of the general formula (III) or a 2,5-bis(dialkoxymethyl)furan of the general formula (IV) under ...

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21-11-2013 дата публикации

ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY LIQUID FUEL AND PRODUCTION PROCESS THEREOF

Номер: US20130305595A1
Автор: Jie Erwang, ZHANG Wei

The present invention discloses a liquid fuel and production process thereof, the liquid fuel comprises dialkyl carbonates with the structural formula of 2. The liquid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the C1-C8 linear chain alkyl is selected from the group consisting of ethyl claim 1 , propyl claim 1 , butyl claim 1 , amyl and octyl claim 1 , the C3-C8 branched chain alkyl is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl and isobutyl claim 1 , the C3-C8 naphthene base is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl claim 1 , the alkyl containing furan ring is furfuryl alcohol base.3. The liquid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein total volume percentage of dialkyl carbonates containing carbon atoms no more than 5 in the liquid fuel is in the range of 60% to 100% claim 1 , and total volume percentage of dialkyl carbonates containing carbon atoms of 6 to 9 in the liquid fuel is in the range of 0 to 40%.4. The liquid fuel according to claim 3 , wherein the liquid fuel is used as gasoline or gasoline component.5. The liquid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein total volume percentage of dialkyl carbonates containing carbon atoms no more than 5 in the liquid fuel is in the range of 10% to 20% claim 1 , total volume percentage of dialkyl carbonates containing carbon atoms of 6 to 9 in the liquid fuel is in the range of 40% to 60% claim 1 , and total volume percentage of dialkyl carbonates containing carbon atoms of 10 to 17 in the liquid fuel is in the range of 20% to 30%.6. The liquid fuel according to claim 5 , wherein the liquid fuel is used as diesel oil or diesel oil component.7. The liquid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein total volume percentage of dialkyl carbonates containing carbon atoms no more than 5 in the liquid fuel is in the range of 20% to 40% claim 1 , total volume percentage of dialkyl carbonates containing carbon atoms of 6 to 9 in the liquid fuel is in the range of 40% to 60% claim 1 , and total volume percentage of dialkyl ...

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12-12-2013 дата публикации

LIQUID FUEL

Номер: US20130331621A1
Принадлежит: SPARKNUM INTERNATIONAL, S.L.

A liquid fuel formed by the mixture of toluene, meta-xylene and n-hexane, in proportions of between 50 and 70% of toluene, between 10 and 20% of meta-xylene and between 20 and 30% of n-hexane. 1. A liquid fuel , wherein it is obtained by blending only three basic components , which are toluene , meta-xylene , and n-hexane.2. The liquid fuel claim 1 , in full accordance with claim 1 , wherein the volume percentages of the three components are: toluene 50-70% claim 1 , meta-xylene 10-20% claim 1 , and n-hexane 20-30% by volume.3. The liquid fuel claim 1 , in full accordance with claim 1 , wherein the volume percentages of the three components are: toluene 60% claim 1 , meta-xylene 10% claim 1 , and n-hexane 30% by volume.4. The liquid fuel claim 2 , in full accordance with claim 2 , wherein the volume percentages of the three components are: toluene 60% claim 2 , meta-xylene 10% claim 2 , and n-hexane 30% by volume. The present invention relates to a liquid fuel and more particularly to the so-called gasolines used as fuel for internal combustion engines with spark ignition. Gasoline is obtained by mixing light liquid hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil, after various petrochemical processes carried out at a refinery.There is a variety of hydrocarbons grouped into families, among which are the alkanes, which are hydrocarbons having carbon atoms joined by single covalent bonds. Most oil hydrocarbons belong to that family.In general, gasoline is obtained in a refinery from straight run naphtha, which is the lightest liquid fraction from oil (excluding gases). Naphtha is also obtained from the conversion of heavy oil fractions (vacuum gasoil) in process units known as FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) or hydrocracking units. Gasoline is a mixture of hundreds of individual hydrocarbons from C(butanes and butenes) to Csuch as, for example, methylnaphthalene.To this mixture of hundreds of individual hydrocarbons it is necessary to add another series of additives that enable ...

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19-12-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

Номер: US20130333652A1
Принадлежит: KiOR, Inc.

Disclosed is an alternative fuel composition derived from the conversion of biomass at an elevated temperature, with conversion optionally in the presence of a catalyst, which is capable of reducing, and thereby improving, a low temperature property of a distillate. A process is also disclosed for mixing such renewable composition with the distillate. 1. A distillate fuel comprising: (i) a renewable distillate produced by a Fischer-Tropsch process;', '(ii) a non-renewable distillate produced by a Fischer-Tropsch process; and', '(iii) a renewable component of a hydroprocessed/hydrotreated triglyceride or triglyceride derived fatty acid alkyl ester; and, 'a) an aromatic-lean component selected from the group consisting ofb) an aromatic-rich component comprising an at least partially hydrotreated bio-distillate fraction produced from the conversion of biomass at an elevated temperature wherein the boiling range of the aromatic-lean component and the aromatic-rich component are about the same.2. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the non-renewable distillate produced by a Fischer-Tropsch process is gasoline claim 1 , jet fuel or diesel fuel.3. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the aromatic-rich component is from 30% to about 50%4. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the aromatic-lean component is less than 20%.5. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of aromatic-rich component in the distillate fie; is from about 10% to about 50%.6. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic-rich component is prepared by hydrotreating an oil derived by the thermal conversion of biomass over a catalyst.7. The distillate fuel of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite.8. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic-lean component of (i) is prepared by gasification of a biomass claim 1 , subjecting the resulting syngas product to a Fischer-Tropsch ...

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19-12-2013 дата публикации

A PROCESS OF TREATING BIOMASS

Номер: US20130337131A1
Автор: MYERS RANDAL
Принадлежит:

A process of treating biomass such as sugar cane bagasse utilizing practically all components of the biomass to produce livestock feed and fuel biomass. Raw bagasse is ensiled for 50-60 days, dried, mechanically separated from soil particles and ground together with plant-derived lignocellulosic materials, pelletized feed material, agricultural processing residues, or by-products at a ratio of 2:1. The resultant ground material is used as cattle feed, feed additives, fuel pellets and for other purposes. 1. A process for treating a biomass , comprising the steps of:inducing a composition comprising biomass and soil particles to be ensiled for a pre-determined period of time;drying the ensiled composition to obtain a pre-determined moisture content;mechanically separating the dried composition into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction, while substantially removing soil particles from the composition;combining separated fractions with predetermined additives containing plant-derived lignocellulosic materials, pelletized feed material, agricultural processing residues, or by-products; andgrinding the combined matter into pre-selected size particles.2. The process of claim 1 , further processing ground matter into loose claim 1 , bailed or pelletized material.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the separated fractions are combined with pre-selected additives at a ratio 2:1.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pre-determined moisture content is about 15% by weight.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pre-selected size particles is about 0.25 inch.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ground particles comprise about 37.5 percent moisture by weight and between 10 and 16 percent protein by weight.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ground particles comprise between 9 percent and 22 percent of sugar by weight.8. The process of claim 1 , said step of mechanically separating the dried composition comprises the steps of inducing the dried composition to pass through ...

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26-12-2013 дата публикации

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR REFINING LIPID FEED STOCKS

Номер: US20130345457A1
Автор: McNeff Clayton V.
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to systems and methods of using fatty acid alkyl ester solutions to refine feed stocks before converting the feed stocks into fatty acid fatty acid alkyl esters. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters. The method can include mixing a crude lipid feed stock with a refining solution to form a crude product mixture, the refining solution comprising greater than about 10 wt. % fatty acid alkyl esters. The method can include extracting the liquid phase from the crude product mixture to obtain a purified lipid feed stock. The method can also include reacting the purified lipid feed stock with an alcohol to form a product mixture comprising fatty acid alkyl esters. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of making a fatty acid alkyl ester composition. The method can include extracting lipids from a corn-based ethanol production byproduct, adding an alcohol solution to the lipids to form a reaction mixture, and contacting the reaction mixture with a metal oxide catalyst. Other embodiments are included herein. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of making a fatty acid alkyl ester composition , the method comprising:extracting a lipid mixture from a byproduct; wherein the lipid mixture has an acid number of about 3 (mg KOH/g oil) or greater;adding an alcohol solution to the lipids to form a reaction mixture; andcontacting the reaction mixture with a metal oxide catalyst.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein extracting the lipid mixture from the byproduct comprises centrifuging the byproduct.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein contacting the reaction mixture with a metal oxide catalyst is performed under supercritical conditions for the alcohol.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein contacting the reaction mixture with a metal oxide catalyst is performed at a temperature of between about 350 and 400 degrees Celsius.25. The method of claim 21 , wherein contacting the reaction mixture with a metal ...

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16-01-2014 дата публикации

DUAL PHASE CATALYSTS SYSTEM FOR MIXED OLEFIN HYDRATIONS

Номер: US20140013660A1
Автор: XU WEI
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

Processes for producing mixed alcohols from mixed olefins and the catalyst systems for making such alcohols are provided. Additionally, processes for producing fuel compositions having mixed alcohols prepared from mixed olefins are also provided as embodiments of the present invention. The catalyst systems include a dual phase catalyst system that includes a water soluble acid catalyst and a solid acid catalyst. 2. The system of where the water soluble acid comprises an organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetal acid claim 1 , tosylate acid claim 1 , perflurated acetic acid claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , benzoic acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The system of where the water soluble acid comprises an inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of HCl claim 1 , HPO claim 1 , HSO claim 1 , hydrofluric acid claim 1 , heteropoly acids claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The system of where the solid acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of an ionic exchange resin claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , a supported acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The system of where the mixed olefins are selected from the group consisting of propylene claim 1 , n-butene claim 1 , 2-butene claim 1 , isobutene claim 1 , pentenes claim 1 , hexenes claim 1 , olefins having more than 6 carbons claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The system of where the conversion rate for the dual phase catalyst system is equal to or greater than about 10%.7. The system of where the dual phase catalyst system is capable of converting the mixed olefins into the mixed alcohols having a ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol that is greater than either the ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol of the water soluble acid catalyst or the ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol of the solid acid catalyst claim 1 , and where the mixed olefins comprise butenes.8. The system of where the ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol for the dual phase catalyst ...

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30-01-2014 дата публикации

CATALYST, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE CATALYST, USE OF THE CATALYST

Номер: US20140026470A1
Автор: DOERING Andreas
Принадлежит: MAN TRUCK & BUS AG

A method and apparatus for converting an alcohol into a fuel mixture which consists of alcohol, ether and water and is suitable for operating a combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, converts the alcohol into the fuel mixture in a reactor at a suitable reaction temperature. The mixing ratio of alcohol fraction, ether fraction and water fraction in the fuel mixture is adjusted by controlling at least one reaction parameter of a reaction taking place in the reactor. 1. A method for converting an alcohol into a fuel mixture which consists of alcohol , ether and water and is suitable for operating a combustion engine , comprising:converting the alcohol into the fuel mixture in a reactor at a reaction temperature; andadjusting the mixing ratio of alcohol fraction, ether fraction and water fraction in the fuel mixture by controlling at least one reaction parameter of a reaction taking place in the reactor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing ratio is adjusted by controlling at least one of the reaction temperature and the reaction pressure in the reactor.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one reaction parameter is controlled according to operating parameters of the combustion engine.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one reaction parameter is controlled according to operating parameters of an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one reaction parameter is controlled according to the constitution of the alcohol to be converted.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol to be converted is a methanol-ethanol mixture.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel mixture obtained according to said step of converting contains at least one of dimethyl ether and diethyl ether as ether fraction.8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of operating the combustion engine in the ...

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06-02-2014 дата публикации

Extracted conjunct polymer naphtha

Номер: US20140039230A1
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

We provide an extracted conjunct polymer naphtha ( 45 ), comprising a hydrogenated conjunct polymer naphtha, from a used ionic liquid catalyst, having a final boiling point less than 246° C. (475° F.), a Bromine Number of 5 or less, and at least 30 wt % naphthenes. We also provide a blended alkylate gasoline ( 97 ) comprising the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha ( 45 ), and integrated alkylation processes to make the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha ( 45 ) and the blended alkylate gasoline ( 97 ). We also provide a method to analyze alkylate products, by determining an amount of methylcyclohexane in the alkylate products ( 80 ).

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13-02-2014 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OIL FROM MICROALGAE

Номер: US20140045229A1
Автор: Oyler James R.
Принадлежит:

A process for production of biofuels from algae can include cultivating an oil-producing algae by promoting sequential photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth. The method can further include producing oil by heterotrophic growth of algae wherein the heterotrophic algae growth is achieved by introducing a sugar feed to the oil-producing algae. An algal oil can be extracted from the oil-producing algae, and can be converted to form biodiesel. 117-. (canceled)18. A process for production of biofuel from algae , comprising:a) cultivating a starch-producing algae by autotrophic growth in a first stage;b) shifting growth from autotrophic growth to heterotrophic growth by inducing stress in the starch-producing algae in a second stage;c) extracting starch from the starch-producing algae; andd) utilizing the starch as a component of biofuel production.19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the inducing stress is accomplished with a stress induction mechanism selected from the group consisting of: light deprivation; nutrient deprivation; injection of reactive oxygen; or chemical additives.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the nutrient deprivation is deprivation of either nitrogen or phosphorous or both nitrogen and phosphorous.21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the reactive oxygen is ozone or peroxide or both ozone and peroxide.22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the stress induction mechanism is a combination of light deprivation and nutrient deprivation.23. The method of claim 18 , wherein shifting from autotrophic growth to heterotrophic growth arrests production of green mass and biologically converts to filling of algae cell bodies with starch.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the autotrophic growth and heterotrophic growth overlap.25. The process of claim 18 , wherein the starch-producing algae includes a member selected from the group consisting of diatoms (bacillariophytes) claim 18 , green algae (chlorophytes) claim 18 , blue-green algae (cyanophytes) claim ...

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13-02-2014 дата публикации

Method and systems for isolation and/or separation of products from production processes

Номер: US20140045236A1
Принадлежит: SMARTFLOW TECHNOLOGIES Inc

The present invention relates to separation of desired target products from biological, plant, and waste-type material, wherein the desired target products include renewable fuels such as ethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel, wherein the separation is conducted with a cross-flow filtration system having the ability to separate desired products from both non-viscous and viscous medium.

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13-02-2014 дата публикации

Method for Producing Unsaturated Compounds

Номер: US20140046081A1
Принадлежит: Cognis IP Management GmbH

The invention relates to a method for producing compositions containing unsaturated compounds, wherein (A) one or more unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 10 to 24 C-atoms or esters of said monocarboxylic acids and optionally (B) one or more compounds having at least one C═C double bond (wherein the compounds (B) are different from the compounds (A)) are subjected to a tandem isomerization/metathesis reaction sequence in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a ruthenium catalyst, providing that the palladium catalysts used are compounds that contain at least one structural element Pd—P(R 1 R 2 R 3 ), wherein the radicals R 1 to R 3 , independently of one another, each comprise 2 to 10 C-atoms, which may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic respectively, providing that at least one of the radicals R 1 to R 3 contains a beta-hydrogen, wherein the palladium catalyst is used as such or is produced in situ, providing that the method is carried out in the absence of substances that have a pKa value of 3 or less.

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13-02-2014 дата публикации

Process for the Production of Hydrocarbons for Fuels, Solvents, and Other Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20140046101A1

Catalytic processes for converting carboxylic acids obtained from biomass and other natural or industrial sources into paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons through decarboxylation, along with products formed from such hydrocarbons, in which the carbon chain length, the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12, and the ratio of odd number to even number of carbons in the chain are among factors which are indicative or otherwise useful for the detection of hydrocarbons formed by undergoing the claimed processes.

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20-02-2014 дата публикации

CENTRIFUGAL FLUID RING REACTOR

Номер: US20140047761A1
Принадлежит:

The Centrifugal Fluid Ring Reactor employs a centrifugal impeller and a fluid barrier to mix multi-phase fluids and repeatedly move the mixture through a reaction zone, where the mixture contacts catalysts and/or is subjected to electromagnetic, mechanical, nuclear, or sonic energy to create ions, free radicals or activated molecules, which initiate or promote a desired reaction. It can be used to convert carbon dioxide, methane and other gaseous carbon sources into liquid fuel at ambient temperature and pressure. 1. An apparatus employing centrifugal force to mix and react two or more reactive fluid materials comprising:a) a cylindrical rotor comprising one or more disks mounted on a shaft through its axis and enclosed in a casing with the periphery of said rotor being in close proximity to one or more walls of a casing; said rotor having means for rotating the rotor on its axis, so that it imparts centrifugal force to fluids to expel them at the periphery of the rotor, and having one or more means to initiate and promote reactions between the reactive fluids as they pass through the rotor;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'b) a casing having sides parallel to and in close proximity to the ends of the rotor of a), said sides of the casing being joined around their edges by walls that enclose an annular space to contain the rotor and fluids being mixed, having means for feeding fluids into the casing and removing fluids from the casing and having means for adding and removing energy from the apparatus; and'}{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'c) a dense layer of fluid around the inside wall of the casing of b), in which the rotor is partially immersed, said dense layer being formed and maintained by being thrown out to the casing wall and caused to circulate around said wall by the centrifugal force imparted by the rotor; so that said dense layer forces less dense fluids back through the rotor as it is immersed in the dense layer of ...

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20-02-2014 дата публикации

RENEWABLE JET FUEL BLENDSTOCK FROM ISOBUTANOL

Номер: US20140051897A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention in its various embodiments is directed to methods for preparing a renewable jet fuel blendstock, and blendstocks prepared by such methods, comprising fermenting a biomass-derived feedstock to form one or more C—Calcohols such as isobutanol, catalytically dehydrate and oligomerize the alcohols to form higher molecular weight olefins (e.g., C—Colefins), hydrogenating at least a portion of the higher molecular weight olefins to form a renewable jet fuel blendstock comprising Cand Calkanes which meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM D7566-10a for hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene (SPK). 1. A process for preparing renewable jet fuel blendstock comprising:(a) treating biomass to form a feedstock;(b) fermenting the feedstock with one or more species of microorganism, thereby forming isobutanol;(c) dehydrating at least a portion of the isobutanol obtained in step (b), thereby forming a dehydration product comprising isobutene;{'sub': 8', '12', '16, '(d) oligomerizing at least a portion of the dehydration product, thereby forming a product comprising one or more C, one or more C, and one or more Cunsaturated oligomers;'}{'sub': '8', '(e) separating at least a portion of said one or more Cunsaturated oligomers produced in step (d);'}(f) combining the separated portion of step (e) with the dehydration product of step (c) prior to said oligomerization step (d):{'sub': 12', '16, '(g) hydrogenating at least a portion of the product of step (d) in the presence of hydrogen, thereby forming a renewable jet fuel blendstock comprising one or more Cand one or more Csaturated alkanes; and'}{'sub': 12', '16, '(h) adjusting the ratio of Cand Csaturated alkanes provided by step (eg) to form a renewable jet fuel blendstock which meets or exceeds the requirements of ASTM D7566-10a for hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene (SPK).'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said dehydrating is carried out in the presence of a dehydration catalyst claim 1 ...

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06-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels

Номер: US20140059924A1
Принадлежит: Michigan State University MSU

A process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuel or additive to a petroleum fuel for use in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The process preferably provides a partial transesterification of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters with at least one alkyl alcohol containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst to produce a mixture of the fatty acid methyl esters and alkyl alcohol esters of the fatty acids.

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06-03-2014 дата публикации

Renewable Engine Fuel And Method Of Producing Same

Номер: US20140066671A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides high-octane fuel, and a method of producing same. These fuels may be formulated to have a wide range of octane values and energy, and may effectively be used to replace 100 LL aviation fuel (known as AvGas), as well as high-octane, rocket, diesel, turbine engine fuels, as well as two-cycle, spark-ignited engine fuels. 1. A 100 octane aviation fuel comprising: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.2. A 100 octane aviation fuel consisting essentially of: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.3. A 100 octane aviation fuel consisting of: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.4. (canceled)5. A high octane aviation fuel comprising: (a) 60-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene) , and (b) 15-40 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.611-. (canceled)12. The aviation fuel of claim 5 , wherein the mesitylene is present in an amount of between about 70 to 85 wt %.13. The aviation fuel of claim 5 , wherein the isopentane is present in an amount of between about 15 to 30 wt %.1422-. (canceled)23. A high octane fuel comprising: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane claim 5 , wherein the fuel is an aviation fuel having a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater claim 5 , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.24. A 100 octane aviation fuel comprising: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) ...

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13-03-2014 дата публикации

C HEAVY OIL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20140073821A1
Принадлежит: JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

The present invention provides a method for producing a C heavy oil composition which unlikely forms sludge, has excellent ignitability and combustibility, and enable the stable operation of a combustion device such as an external combustion device, a diesel device, and a gas turbine device. The method of the present invention is comprises method for producing a C heavy oil composition with a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of 10 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less, comprising blending a cracked reformed base oil with a total aromatic content of 80 percent by volume or more and a 15° C. density of 0.90 to 1.20 g/cmin an amount of 1 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less on the basis of the total mass of the composition. 1. A method for producing a C heavy oil composition with a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of 10 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less , comprising blending a cracked reformed base oil with a total aromatic content of 80 percent by volume or more and a 15° C. density of 0.90 to 1.20 g/cm3 in an amount of 1 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less on the basis of the total mass of the composition.2. The method for producing a C heavy oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cracked reformed base oil has a 50° C. kinematic viscosity of 0.3 to 10 mm2/s claim 1 , a sulfur content of 8000 mass ppm or less claim 1 , and a nitrogen content of 100 mass ppm or less.3. The method for producing a C heavy oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cracked reformed base oil has a 10 vol. % distillation temperature (T10) of 130 to 270° C. claim 1 , a 50 vol. % distillation temperature (T50) of 190 to 290° C. claim 1 , and a 90 vol. % distillation temperature (T90) of 230 to 390° C.4. The method for producing a C heavy oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cracked reformed base oil is produced by bringing a feedstock having a 10 vol. % ...

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20-03-2014 дата публикации

Even carbon number paraffin composition and method of manufacturing same

Номер: US20140081057A1
Принадлежит: Syntroleum Corp

Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material.

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SOIL CONDITIONING COMPOSITION FROM A LIGNOCELLULOSIC CONVERSION PROCESS

Номер: US20150000356A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition for use in land application. The method comprises: (a) obtaining a fermentation product by a production process comprising the steps of: (i) treating lignocellulosic feedstock to produce sugar; (ii) fermenting the sugar to produce a fermented mixture comprising the fermentation product; and (iii) recovering the fermentation product from the fermented mixture in one or more stages to produce a concentrated fermentation product and still bottoms; and 1. A process for producing a composition for use in land application comprising: (i) treating a lignocellulosic feedstock to produce sugar;', '(ii) fermenting the sugar to produce a fermented mixture comprising the fermentation product; and', '(iii) recovering the fermentation product from the fermented mixture in one or more stages to produce a concentrated fermentation product and still bottoms; and, '(a) obtaining a fermentation product by a production process comprising the steps of(b) recovering the still bottoms, said still bottoms comprising an organic component and an inorganic component; and(c) providing the still bottoms comprising the organic and inorganic components for use in a land application.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the still bottoms provided for use in the land application comprises 40-80 wt % organic components and 20-60 wt % inorganic components on a dry basis.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic components originate from the lignocellulosic feedstock claim 1 , process chemicals added during said production process claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic components originate from both the lignocellulosic feedstock and process chemicals added during said production process.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of recovering the still bottoms comprises concentrating the still bottoms.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic component comprises dissolved ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC CHLORIDE IN ALKYLATE USING METALS AND ALLOYS

Номер: US20160002542A1
Автор: Lacheen Howard Steven
Принадлежит: Chevron U.S.A. INC.

Processes for decomposing organic chloride in a hydrocarbon stream may comprise contacting a hydrocarbon stream with a dechlorination element in a dechlorination zone under dechlorination conditions to provide a dechlorinated hydrocarbon product, wherein the dechlorination element may comprise a metal or metal alloy having a high surface area configuration. Such a dechlorination element may be disposed within one or more distillation columns and/or within a separate dechlorination vessel. 1. A dechlorination process , comprising:a) providing a hydrocarbon stream comprising an alkylate product in combination with an organic chloride contaminant; and{'sup': 2', '−3, 'b) contacting the hydrocarbon stream under dechlorination conditions in a dechlorination zone with a dechlorination element having a surface area per unit volume in the range from 250 to 1000 m·mto decompose the organic chloride and to provide a dechlorinated alkylate product, wherein the dechlorination element has a metal surface comprising a metal alloy.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dechlorination element comprises from 90 to 100 wt % of the metal alloy.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:the metal surface of the dechlorination element is of uniform composition, andthe metal alloy is selected from the group consisting of an Fe based alloy, a Ni based alloy, and a Cu based alloy.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal alloy comprises at least 90 wt % Fe claim 1 , and an alloying element selected from the group consisting of Al claim 1 , B claim 1 , C claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , N claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , S claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , W claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal surface of the dechlorination element consists essentially of the metal alloy.6. The process according to ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS FROM PLANT LIPIDS

Номер: US20160002566A1

The present invention relates to methods of producing industrial products from plant lipids, particularly from vegetative parts of plants. In particular, the present invention provides oil products such as biodiesel and synthetic diesel and processes for producing these, as well as plants having an increased level of one or more non-polar lipids such as triacylglycerols and an increased total non-polar lipid content. In one particular embodiment, the present invention relates to combinations of modifications in two or more of lipid handling enzymes, oil body proteins, decreased lipid catabolic enzymes and/or transcription factors regulating lipid biosynthesis to increase the level of one or more non-polar lipids and/or the total non-polar lipid content and/or mono-unsaturated fatty acid content in plants or any part thereof. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for extracting lipids. In another embodiment, the lipid is converted to one or more hydrocarbon products in harvested plant vegetative parts to produce alkyl esters of the fatty acids which are suitable for use as a renewable biodiesel fuel. 2. The process of claim 1 , which is characterised by one or more or all of:(i) the vegetative plant parts have a dry weight of at least 1 kg,(ii) the vegetative plant parts have a total non-polar lipid content of at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, or between 30% and 75% on a dry weight basis,(iii) the composition has a solids concentration between 5% and 90%(iv) the catalysts comprises NaOH or KOH or both, preferably at a concentration of 0.1M to 2M,(v) the treatment time is between 1 and 60 minutes, preferably between 10 and 60 minutes, preferably between 15 and 30 minutes,(vi) if the solvent is water the process produces a yield of the oil product between a minimum of 36%, 37%, 38%, 39% or 40% and a maximum of 55% or 60% by weight relative to the dry weight of the vegetative plant parts,(vii) if the ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING LEAFY BIOMASS

Номер: US20170002373A1
Принадлежит:

A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. 116-. (canceled)17. A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells , the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells , contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system.18Arabidopsis.. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the plant cells are cells from a monocotyledon which is corn claim 17 , rye claim 17 , oat claim 17 , millet claim 17 , sugar cane claim 17 , sorghum claim 17 , maize claim 17 , wheat claim 17 , or rice claim 17 , or a dicotyledon which is tobacco claim 17 , tomato claim 17 , potato claim 17 , bean claim 17 , soybean claim 17 , carrot claim 17 , cassava claim 17 , or19AtropaHyoscyamusDaturaPapaverScopoliaDigitalisMacunaTaxusCamptothecaCephalotaxusCatharanthusArtemisia. A method according to wherein the plant cells are from a medicinal plant in which a main medicinal product is produced in the leaves claim 17 , the plant being selected sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , and sp. or sp.20MiscanthusJatrophaPanicum. A method according to wherein the plant cells are from an energy crop which is selected from sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , Willow claim 17 , Palm tree claim 17 , Maize claim 17 , Cassava claim 17 , or Poplar.21. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue is a plant hormone.22. A ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Номер: US20180002607A1

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin-rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre-solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

LIQUID BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20180002621A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a liquid biofuel comprising carbonaceous material particles having a D50 ranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm suspended in a liquid biodiesel composition. 1. A liquid biofuel comprising carbonaceous material particles having a Dranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm suspended in a liquid biodiesel composition.2. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles content is of at least 10% w/w of the said biofuel.3. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles have a size distribution defined by a Dranging from 1 μm to 50 μm.4. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles provide the size distribution as follows:{'sub': '10', 'Dfrom 1 to 50 μm, and'}{'sub': '90', 'Dfrom 50 to 500 μm.'}5. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles are selected from a group consisting of a vegetal biomass claim 1 , a coal claim 1 , a coke claim 1 , a graphite claim 1 , a char claim 1 , a biocoal claim 1 , and a combination thereof.6. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles consist of a torrefied biomass.7. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid biodiesel is based on esterified fat and/or oil originating from animal claim 1 , plant claim 1 , fungi or algae.8. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid biodiesel comprises esterified palm oil.9. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , further comprising water in an amount ranging from 0.5% w/w to 25% w/w.10. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , which does not comprise any added emulsifying agent or any surfactant compound.11. A method for preparing a biodiesel-based liquid biofuel claim 1 , the method comprising using carbonaceous material particles having a Dranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm.12. The liquid biofuel according to claim 2 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles content is of at ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

Production Processes, Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses

Номер: US20200002621A1
Принадлежит: GPI PATENT HOLDING LLC

The present disclosure provides production processes that can include exposing a carbon-based material to liquid media to form hydrocarbon fuel. Waste to fuel conversion processes as well as waste material processing reactors are provided that can be configured to convert waste to fuel. Heat exchangers, power generation processes and combustion turbine exhaust apparatus are also provided. Fuel generation processes and generation systems are provided. Reaction media conduit systems as well as processes for servicing reactant media pumps coupled to both inlet and outlet conduits containing reactant media, are also provided. 110-. (canceled)11. A fuel generation system comprising:a reactor configured to house a liquid reaction media and receive solid carbon based material;a distillation apparatus coupled to the reactor and configured to receive gaseous hydrocarbon fuel from the reactor; anda combustion turbine coupled to the distillation apparatus and configured to receive distillate portions from the distillation apparatus.12. The system of further comprising a conveyor apparatus associated with reactor claim 11 , the conveyor apparatus configured to convey material to a receiving portion of the apparatus.13. The system of further comprising a heat exchanger coupled to the reactor claim 11 , the heat exchanger configured to heat the liquid reaction media by providing heat from a heat exchanger fluid.14. The system of wherein the heat exchanger is coupled to the combustion turbine.15. The system of wherein at least a portion of the heat exchanger fluid of the heat exchanger circulates within an exhaust apparatus of the combustion turbine.16. The system of wherein the reactor comprises a media circulating conduit configured to circulate the liquid reaction media.17. The system of wherein conduit comprises a fluid pump claim 16 , the conduit further configured to have the fluid pump removed from the conduit while maintaining substantially all the fluid within the conduit ...

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

AVIATION FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20190002778A1
Автор: Kiiski Ulla, Sandberg Kati
Принадлежит: Neste Corporation

The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising an aviation range fuel component and a diesel range fuel component originating from renewable sources, the diesel range fuel component having a cloud point of at most about −20° C. and existent gum more than about 7 mg/100 ml, wherein existent gum of the aviation fuel composition is at most about 7 mg/100 ml. 1. An aviation fuel composition comprising:a) an aviation range fuel component; andb) a diesel range fuel component of renewable origin, having a cloud point of at most about −20° C., and existent gum more than about 7 mg/100 ml, wherein existent gum of the aviation fuel composition is at most about 7 mg/100 ml.2. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component a) is selected from petroleum-based aviation range fuel claim 1 , aviation range fuel of renewable origin claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.3. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component a) complies with at least one of aviation fuel standards selected from ASTM D1655 claim 1 , ASTM D7566 and DEFSTAN 91-91.4. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component b) is paraffinic diesel produced from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products or at least one of hydrogenated fatty acid and triglyceride materials.5. The aviation fuel composition of claim 4 , wherein the paraffinic diesel is an isomerized paraffinic diesel.6. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component b) comprises:aromatic compounds in an amount of at most about 0.5 vol-%, iso-paraffins in an amount from about 80 vol-% to about 95 vol-%, the rest being n-paraffins.7. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein existent gum of component b) is at most about 15000 mg/ml.8. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:a petroleum-based diesel range fuel.9. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises up to about 20 vol-% of component b).10. The aviation fuel ...

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13-01-2022 дата публикации

ONLINE ANALYZER FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220010219A1
Принадлежит:

Disclose is an online analyzer to monitor conversion of a biofeedstock in a first hydrotreating stage to avoid catalyst poisoning in a subsequent stage. An example method of processing a biofeedstock may comprise hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock. The method may further comprise monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer. 1. A method of processing a biofeedstock , comprising:hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock;monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer; andcontrolling recycle of the hydrotreated biofeedstock to the hydrotreating in response to the monitoring conversation of the biofeedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises at one component selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil claim 1 , an animal fat claim 1 , a fish oil claim 1 , a pyrolysis oil claim 1 , algae lipid claim 1 , an algae oil claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises lipid compounds.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrotreated biofeedstock comprises paraffin products.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer comprises a spectrometer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is an infrared spectrometer claim 1 , a near infrared spectrometer claim 1 , or a Raman spectrometer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock comprises determining oxygen removal from the biofeedstock.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises correlating measurements from the online analyzer with conversion of the biofeedstock.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises measuring carbonyl group concentration in the hydrotreated biofeedstock.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is ...

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

Postharvest production and enhancement of resveratrol and piceatannol in sugarcane

Номер: US20150005533A1

It has been discovered that irradiating the cut side of sugarcane billets, preferably 2-50 mm, with UVB or UVC light or combinations thereof initiates stilbene production, particularly resveratrol and piceatannol. In an embodiment the cut sides of sugarcane billets of a predetermined thickness are irradiated with Ultraviolet-C or Ultraviolet-B light or combinations thereof at an intensity and for a duration of time sufficient to produce a significant increase in a level of one or more stilbenes in the irradiated billets compared to a level of stilbenes in billets that are not irradiated; and the the irradiated sugarcane billets are maintained for at least about three days up to about 20 days, to optimize stilbene levels. 1. A method , comprisinga) providing sugarcane billets of a predetermined thickness;b) irradiating the cut side of sugarcane billets with Ultraviolet-C or Ultraviolet-B light or combinations thereof at an intensity and for a duration of time sufficient to produce a significant increase in a level of one or more stilbenes in the irradiated billets compared to a level of stilbenes in billets that are not irradiated;c) maintaining the irradiated sugarcane billets for at least about three days up to about 20 days; andd) selecting the irradiated sugarcane billets.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the irradiated sugarcane billets are maintained in step (c) at a level of light that does not cause stilbene isomerization.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugarcane billets range from about 2 mm to about 50 mm in thickness.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intensity of UVB light ranges from about 10 mW/cm2 to about 50 W/cm2.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intensity of UVC light ranges from about 1 mW/cm2 to about 25 mW/cm2.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the duration of irradiation ranges from about 10 minutes to about 3 hours.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stilbene is resveratrol.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stilbene is ...

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Renewable Fuel

Номер: US20150005547A1
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom. 1. A fuel , comprising:a product of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a petroleum fraction and an RFO/VGO mixture,said RFO/VGO mixture comprising a mixture of petroleum and renewable fuel oil.2. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 1-99 wt. % renewable fuel oil.3. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 1-20 wt. % renewable fuel oil.4. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 20-40 wt. % renewable fuel oil.5. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 40-60 wt. % renewable fuel oil.6. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 60-80 wt. % renewable fuel oil.7. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 80-99 wt. % renewable fuel oil.8. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises about 50 wt. % renewable fuel oil.9. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by a high shear mixer.10. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by an ultrasonic mixer.11. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by a mix atomizer.12. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by an in line mixer.13. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture further ...

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

METHODS TO INCREASE GASOLINE YIELD

Номер: US20150005548A1
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to methods to increase the gasoline and/or light cycle oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction by injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker, and the resulting fuels therefrom. 1. A method to increase the gasoline and/or light cycle oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction , comprising:injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil with a pH of less than 6.5 into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker in a ratio in the range of 2-11 wt. % renewable fuel oil to petroleum fraction; andcontacting the renewable fuel oil with a catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum fraction is VGO.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises introducing the petroleum fraction into the riser above the injecting the renewable fuel oil.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injecting occurs in the lower third of the riser.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injecting is via a lift steam line located at the bottom of the riser.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel oil has a pH of less than 3.0.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream further comprises the petroleum fraction.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the injecting is via a recycle lift vapor line.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the stream has a TAN of 0.05 to 1.0.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield claim 1 , computed on an equivalent carbon basis or an equivalent energy input basis claim 1 , is higher than that achieved under the same conditions in a fluidized catalytic cracker processing the petroleum fraction alone.11. A method to reduce the heavy cycle oil and/or slurry oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction claim 1 , comprising:injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil with a pH of less than 6.5 into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker in ...

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

PREPARING A FUEL FROM LIQUID BIOMASS

Номер: US20150005549A1
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to methods to prepare a fuel from a liquid biomass by first producing the liquid biomass from a solid biomass by a thermal process, and then processing the liquid biomass with a petroleum fraction in the presence of a catalyst. 1. A method to prepare a fuel from a liquid biomass , comprising:producing the liquid biomass from a solid biomass by a thermal process; andprocessing the liquid biomass with a petroleum fraction as reactants in the presence of a catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal process comprises pyrolysis.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pyrolysis comprises rapid thermal processing.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid biomass comprises a wood claim 1 , wood residue claim 1 , or agricultural residue.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processing occurs in a continuous conversion unit.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the continuous conversion unit is a fluidized catalytic cracking unit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum fraction and the liquid biomass are co-processed in a continuous conversion unit.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the continuous conversion unit is a fluidized catalytic cracking unit.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass makes up less than 10 wt. % of the reactants.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the producing and processing occur in a refinery.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum fraction is VGO.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass has a pH in the range of 0.5 to 7.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass as a carbon content in the range of 35-80 wt. % and an oxygen content in the range of 20-50 wt. % claim 1 , on a moisture-free basis.14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass has a water content in the range of 10-40 wt. %.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a transportation fuel.16. A fuel prepared from a liquid biomass claim 1 , comprising: (i) liquid ...

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