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Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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13-03-2019 дата публикации

Установка частичного сжижения природного газа

Номер: RU0000187598U1
Автор: Александр Евгеньевич Сычков, Алексей Николаевич Паркин, Борис Давыдович Краковский, Вадим Николаевич Удут, Олег Максимович Попов
Принадлежит: Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "ГЕЛИЙМАШ" (ОАО "НПО "ГЕЛИЙМАШ")

В предложенной установке для частичного сжижения природного газа, включающей источник газа высокого давления, блок осушки, расширительное устройство, выполненное в виде турбодетандера, в котором в качестве тормоза на одном валу установлен турбокомпрессор, блок очистки от СО 2 , теплообменник для предварительного охлаждения, основной теплообменник, сборник-сепаратор сжиженного газа. Осушенный поток разделяется на два - технологический и дополнительный, который направляется в блок очистки от СО 2 . После очистки от СО 2 из дополнительного потока выделяется продукционный поток, а оставшаяся часть подмешивается к технологическому потоку и понижает концентрацию СО 2 в сжимаемом потоке до значений, которые гарантируют невыпадение твердого СО 2 в проточной части турбинного модуля, что позволяет повысить надежность и эффективность работы всей установки сжижения природного газа. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 187 598 U1 (51) МПК F25J 1/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК F25J 1/0022 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017144255, 18.12.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 13.03.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 13.03.2019 Бюл. № 8 Адрес для переписки: 115280, Москва, ул. Автозаводская, 25, ОАО "НПО "ГЕЛИЙМАШ" (73) Патентообладатель(и): Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "ГЕЛИЙМАШ" (ОАО "НПО "ГЕЛИЙМАШ") (RU) (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2541360 C1, 10.02.2015. RU предварительного охлаждения, основной теплообменник, сборник-сепаратор сжиженного газа. Осушенный поток разделяется на два технологический и дополнительный, который R U 1 8 7 5 9 8 (54) Установка частичного сжижения природного газа (57) Реферат: В предложенной установке для частичного сжижения природного газа, включающей источник газа высокого давления, блок осушки, расширительное устройство, выполненное в виде турбодетандера, в котором в качестве тормоза ...

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Номер записи: 1
01-03-2012 дата публикации

Dimethyl ether fuel compositions and uses thereof

Номер: US20120047796A1
Автор: David Aldous, Ronald C. Stites
Принадлежит: Range Fuels Inc

The present invention provides useful fuel compositions which may be produced substantially from renewable resources, such as biomass, to provide green fuel compositions, methods, and systems. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger alcohol, such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, or tert-butanol. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger hydrocarbons, such as propane, propylene, propyne, and propadiene, n-butane, isobutane, isobutylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, or 1,3-butadiene. Methods of making these novel DME-based fuel compositions, particularly from biomass-derived syngas, are described. Various applications and methods of using the fuel compositions, such as portable cylinder fuels for camping, are disclosed. Additionally, principles of burner design for these fuel compositions are disclosed herein.

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Номер записи: 2
04-10-2012 дата публикации

Heat exchanger system

Номер: US20120247147A1
Автор: Christiane Kerber, Jürgen Spreemann, Manfred Steinbauer, Markus Hammerdinger, Norbert Reiter
Принадлежит: Linde GmbH

The invention relates to a heat exchanger system ( 1 ) for heat exchange between at least a first medium (M), in particular in the form of a hydrocarbon-rich phase, and a second medium (K), with at least first and second pipe space sections ( 101, 103; 103, 105 ) for accommodating the first medium (M), and with a first pipe space section connecting means ( 102; 104 ), via which the two pipe space sections ( 101, 103; 103, 105 ) are connected to one another in a flow-guiding manner. The first pipe space section ( 101; 103 ) is surrounded by a first shell space ( 201, 203 ), and the second pipe space section ( 103; 105 ) is surrounded by a second shell space ( 203, 205 ) for accommodating the second medium (K). The first shell space ( 201; 203 ) is defined by a first shell ( 301; 303 ) and the second shell space ( 203; 205 ) is defined by a second shell ( 303; 305 ).

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Номер записи: 3
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Refrigeration process

Номер: US20130008204A1
Автор: Jin-Kuk Kim, Xuesong Zheng
Принадлежит: University of Manchester

The present invention relates to a single cycle mixed refrigerant process for industrial cooling applications, for example, the liquefaction of natural gas. The present invention also relates to a refrigeration assembly configured to implement the processes defined herein and a mixed refrigerant composition usable in such processes.

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Номер записи: 4
25-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF TREATING A HYDROCARBON STREAM COMPRISING METHANE, AND AN APPARATUS THEREFOR

Номер: US20130098103A1
Автор: Buijs Cornelis, Chantant Francois
Принадлежит: Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.

In a method and apparatus for treating a hydrocarbon stream having methane, at least a part of the hydrocarbon stream and a main refrigerant stream are cooled by indirect heat exchanging against a pre-cooling refrigerant. The pre-cooled hydrocarbon stream is passed to a first inlet of an extraction column, and an effluent stream is discharged from the extraction column. The effluent stream and at least a part of the pre-cooled main refrigerant stream are passed to a further heat exchanger, where they are both cooled thereby providing a cooled methane-enriched hydrocarbon stream and at least one cooled main refrigerant stream. The passing of the effluent stream to the further heat exchanger and the passing of the pre-cooled hydrocarbon stream to the first inlet of the extraction column includes indirectly heat exchanging the effluent stream against the pre-cooled hydrocarbon stream. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said indirectly heat exchanging of the effluent stream against the pre-cooled hydrocarbon stream comprises passing the pre-cooled hydrocarbon stream from a first inlet into an extraction column heat exchanger claim 1 , through the extraction column heat exchanger in indirect heat exchanging interaction with the effluent stream claim 1 , to a first outlet from the extraction column heat exchanger claim 1 , and passing the effluent stream from a second inlet into the extraction column heat exchanger claim 1 , through the extraction column heat exchanger in indirect heat exchanging interaction with the pre-cooled hydrocarbon stream claim 1 , to a second outlet from the extraction column heat exchanger.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the auxiliary refrigerant stream comprises at least a part of the pre-cooled main refrigerant stream.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said passing of the at least part of the pre-cooled main refrigerant stream to the further heat exchanger comprises separating the pre-cooled main refrigerant ...

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Номер записи: 5
16-05-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR USING MULTIPLE CRYOGENIC HYDRAULIC TURBINES

Номер: US20130119666A1
Автор: Griffith Todd S., Holt Christopher G.
Принадлежит:

There is provided a system and method for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG). An exemplary method includes flowing a high-pressure stream of LNG through a first series of liquid turbines. The exemplary method also includes generating electricity by reducing the pressure of the high-pressure stream of LNG to form a low-pressure stream of LNG. The exemplary method additionally includes bypassing any one the liquid turbines that has a failure while continuing to produce electricity from the first series. 1. A method for generating electricity from liquid turbines , comprising:flowing a high-pressure liquid stream through a first plurality of liquid turbines coupled in a first series, wherein, after a first turbine in the series, an inlet of each liquid turbine is coupled to an outlet of a proceeding liquid turbine;generating electricity from the first series by removing energy from the high-pressure liquid stream to form a low-pressure liquid stream; andbypassing any one of the first plurality of liquid turbines that has a failure while continuing to produce electricity with the remaining turbines of the first series.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:maintaining the total electrical output from the first series as a constant value when a liquid turbine is bypassed.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:maintaining the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the low-pressure liquid stream from the first series when a liquid turbine is bypassed.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:removing a portion of the high-pressure liquid stream prior to the first series;flowing the portion through a second plurality of liquid turbines coupled in a second series, wherein, after a first turbine in the series, an inlet of each liquid turbine is coupled to an outlet of a proceeding liquid turbine; and wherein the second series is in parallel with the first series; andgenerating electricity from the second series by removing energy from the portion of the ...

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Номер записи: 6
30-05-2013 дата публикации

NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION PROCESS

Номер: US20130133362A1
Автор: Cha Kyu Sang, Choe Kun Hyung, Choi Sung Hee, Lee Chul Gu, Lee Sang Gyu, Lee Yeong Beom, Park Chang Won, Yang Young Myung
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is a natural gas liquefaction process using a single refrigeration cycle adopting a mixed refrigerant, and therefore having a simple structure and thus a compact system which is easy to operate, and further, after the mixed refrigerant is separated into two refrigerant parts, the two refrigerant parts are not mixed with each other but go through condensing (cooling), expanding, heat-exchanging, and compressing stages individually, and thus, optimal temperature and pressure conditions are applied to each of the separated refrigerant parts to increase efficiency of the liquefaction process. 1. A natural gas liquefaction process where natural gas is pre-cooled through heat exchange with a refrigerant in a first heat exchange region and the pre-cooled natural gas is liquefied through heat exchange with a refrigerant in a second heat exchange region by using a single closed-loop refrigeration cycle adopting a mixed refrigerant , the closed-loop refrigeration cycle comprising:separating a partially condensed mixed refrigerant into a liquid phase refrigerant part and a gas phase refrigerant part;pre-cooling the natural gas in the first heat exchange region by using the liquid phase refrigerant part;liquefying the pre-cooled natural gas in the second heat exchange region by using the gas phase refrigerant part;firstly compressing the refrigerant part which pre-cools the natural gas through the pre-cooling;secondly compressing the refrigerant part which liquefies the natural gas through the liquefying; andmixing the refrigerant parts respectively compressed through the first compressing and the second compressing,wherein the liquid phase refrigerant part and the gas phase refrigerant part, after being separated through the separating, pass through independent loops without being mixed with each other, and then are mixed with each other in the mixing.2. The natural gas liquefaction process according to claim 1 , wherein the pre-cooling includes: cooling the ...

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Номер записи: 7
30-05-2013 дата публикации

STORAGE OF INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE AS FUEL USING CARBON CONTAINING FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20130137783A1
Автор: Alexander Kathleen, Kumar Challapalli Naga Kiran, Sigurbjornsson Omar Freyr, Tran Kim-Chinh, Whitlow Jonathan
Принадлежит: CRI, EHF

A method and system for converting intermittent renewable energy and renewable carbonaceous feedstock to non-intermittent renewable electrical and thermal energy, storing it as fuels and chemicals and using it to capture and re-use or dispose of COemissions. The system in a preferred embodiment is realized through the generation of non-intermittent renewable electricity utilizing intermittent renewable energy sources along with gaseous fuel from renewable carbonaceous feedstock, producing oxygen and hydrogen from non-intermittent renewable electricity and utilizing the oxygen and hydrogen as required for gasification of renewable carbonaceous feedstock to produce gaseous fuel stream and gaseous intermediate stream, utilizing the gaseous intermediate stream to produce renewable fuels and renewable chemicals, and utilizing oxygen for oxy-rich combustion for concentrating COemissions for easy processing, re-use and disposal. 1. A method for storing renewable energy and recycling carbon oxides as renewable fuel , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a. producing a gaseous fuel stream and a gaseous intermediates stream from a renewable carbonaceous feedstock and concentrated CO/COemissions;'}b. generating a non-intermittent renewable electricity from energy from at least one intermittent renewable source and at least a part of said gaseous fuel stream;c. producing an oxygen stream from at least a part of said non-intermittent renewable electricity;d. producing said gaseous fuel stream and said gaseous intermediates stream from at least a part of said oxygen stream, ande. producing a non-intermittent renewable fuel stream from at least a part of said gaseous intermediates stream.2. The method of further comprising producing at least one renewable chemical from at least a part of said gaseous intermediates stream.3. The method of further comprising producing a hydrogen stream from at least a part of said non-intermittent renewable electricity.4. The method of further ...

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Номер записи: 8
06-06-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTEGRATED ENERGY STORAGE AND CRYOGENIC CARBON CAPTURE

Номер: US20130139543A1
Автор: Baxter Larry L.
Принадлежит:

The systems and methods integrate energy storage with cryogenic carbon capture, providing effective grid management and energy-efficient carbon capture capabilities to power plants. The systems store energy during off-peak demand by using off-peak energy to compress natural gas to form liquefied natural gas (LNG) and storing the LNG for use as a refrigerant. The systems use the stored LNG as a refrigerant in a cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) process to isolate carbon dioxide from light gases in a flue gas. The systems supply energy during peak demand by burning the natural gas warmed by the CCC process to generate power. 1. A method for storing electrical or mechanical energy and separating condensable vapors from light gases or liquids , comprising:(i) liquefying at least one gaseous refrigerant using electricity or mechanical energy during off-peak demand;(ii) storing the liquefied refrigerant in liquefied refrigerant storage vessel for later use as a refrigerant;(iii) using the liquefied refrigerant as a refrigerant in a traditional heat exchanger (THE) or desublimating heat exchanger (DHE) during peak demand of energy to cool a mixed process stream comprising at least one condensable vapor and at least one light gas, thereby causing the condensable vapor to condense or desublimate to form or liquid or solid stream; and(iv) separating the liquid or solid stream from the light gas.2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the gaseous refrigerant comprises natural gas and the liquefied refrigerant comprises liquefied natural gas (LNG).3. The method as in claim 2 , further comprising claim 2 , after liquefying NG claim 2 , pressurizing the LNG so that its boiling point is in the range of 0-20° C. below the lowest design desublimation temperature of the condensable vapor.4. The method as in claim 2 , further comprising claim 2 , after liquefying the natural gas claim 2 , pressurizing the LNG to 2-6 bars.5. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the at least one condensable ...

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Номер записи: 9
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Process for the conversion of natural gas to acetylene and liquid fuels with externally derived hydrogen

Номер: US20130144096A1
Автор: Edward R. Peterson
Принадлежит: Synfuels International Inc

A process for converting natural gas from which contaminants have been sufficiently removed to acetylene includes heating the purified gas through a selected range of temperature for adequate time or combustion of the purified gas at adequate temperature within a suitable environment during an adequate reaction time to convert a fraction of the gas stream to acetylene, wherein the acetylene is directed for other processes, reactions, and uses. A process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons by combusting externally derived hydrogen for heating natural gas to a selected range of temperature. A process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons by reacting conversion products with externally derived hydrogen to form olefins comprising ethylene, and catalytically forming liquid hydrocarbons from the olefins comprising ethylene.

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Номер записи: 10
13-06-2013 дата публикации

"FLEXIBLE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PLANT"

Номер: US20130145794A1
Автор: Brennan Justin, Miller Michael R, Norman Garth M., Rasmussen Chad C.
Принадлежит:

The present techniques are directed to a flexible liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant that may be tied to an external electric grid for importing or exporting electric power. Exemplary embodiments provide a method for producing LNG that includes producing a base load capacity of refrigeration capacity for LNG production from a first compression system. Electricity may be produced from a second compressor string if electricity is needed by an external power grid, or a second amount of refrigeration capacity may be provided by the second compressor string is natural gas feed is available and the external grid does not need power. 1. A method for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) , comprising:producing a base load refrigeration capacity for LNG production from a first compression system; andproducing electricity from a second compression system, wherein the second compression system is configured to export the electricity to an external power grid when needed.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising producing a second amount of refrigeration capacity from the second compression system if electricity is not needed by an external power grid and natural gas feed is available.3. The method of claim 2 , comprising producing a third amount of refrigeration capacity from a third compression system if electricity is available from the external power grid and natural gas feed is available.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first compression system claim 3 , the second compression system claim 3 , and the third compression system share inlet and outlet manifolds for a refrigerant.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing compression power in the first compression system by powering a motor/generator from the external power grid claim 1 , wherein the motor/generator is in parallel with a gas turbine coupled to a compressor string.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing compression power in the second compressor string by powering a motor ...

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Номер записи: 11
27-06-2013 дата публикации

LIQUEFYING NATURAL GAS IN A MOTION ENVIRONMENT

Номер: US20130160487A1
Автор: DAVIES Paul Raymond, GRAVOIS Shaun Phillip, JAMES Will Taylor
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Company

Systems and methods for liquefying natural gas in a motion environment, utilizing a core-in-shell type heat exchanger are provided. 1. A system for cooling or liquefying a process gas in a motion environment , comprising:a. a separation vessel, wherein the separation vessel includes motion suppressing baffles, wherein the separation vessel separates a high pressure refrigerant stream thereby producing a vapor refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream;b. a vapor liquid refrigerant pipe for delivering the liquid refrigerant stream from the separation vessel to an external heat exchanger core;c. at least one external heat exchanger core, wherein the external heat exchanger core is external to a kettle, wherein the liquid refrigerant stream and a warmer process stream undergo indirect heat exchange in the external heat exchanger core thereby producing a cooled process stream and a vaporized refrigerant stream, wherein the cooled process stream is delivered to a location external to the external heat exchanger core; andd. a partially vaporized refrigerant pipe for delivering the partially vaporized refrigerant from the external heat exchanger core to the separation vessel, wherein the partially vaporized refrigerant pipe provides minimal pressure drop, wherein the partially vaporized refrigerant pipe ensures the thermosiphon effect is maintained.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the motion suppressing baffles are horizontally disposed.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the motion suppressing baffles are vertically disposed.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the motion suppressing baffles are horizontally and vertically disposed.5. A system for chilling or liquefying a process gas in a motion environment claim 1 , comprising:a. a separation vessel, wherein the separation vessel separates a refrigerant stream thereby producing a vapor refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream;b. a vapor liquid refrigerant pipe for delivering ...

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Номер записи: 12
04-07-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF HYDROGASIFICATION OF BIOMASS TO METHANE WITH LOW DEPOSITABLE TARS

Номер: US20130172637A1
Автор: Babicki Matthew L., Keefer Bowie G., Ng Edson, Sellars Brian G.
Принадлежит: G4 Insights Inc.

A method for converting lignocellulosic biomass to a useful fuel is disclosed in a process sequence resulting in low levels of depositable tars in an output gas stream. One disclosed embodiment comprises performing a sequence of steps at elevated pressure and elevated hydrogen partial pressure, including fast (or flash) hydropyrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass feed followed sequentially with catalytically enhanced reactions for the formation of methane operating at moderate temperatures of from about 400° C. to about 650° C. under moderately elevated pressure (about 5 atm to about 50 atm). A temperature rise in the catalyst above pyrolysis temperature is achieved without the addition of air or oxygen. Gas residence time at elevated temperature downstream of methane formation zones extends beyond the time required for methane formation. This sequence results in low tar deposit levels. The catalyst promotes preferential formation of methane and non-deposit forming hydrocarbons, and coke re-gasification. 1. A method for converting biomass to methane and light hydrocarbons with low levels of depositable tars , comprising:a) performing a fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by a process selected from flash pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis or rapid pyrolysis using a hydrogen-containing sweep gas at a temperature of between about 400° C. and about 600° C. and at an elevated pressure of about 3 atm to about 50 atm to produce a hot pyrolysis gas mixture and a by-product containing char and ash;b) passing the hot pyrolysis gas mixture containing hydrogen through a first section of a catalytic reactor to form a methane, steam and light hydrocarbon enriched gas stream at a temperature above step a) and less than about 650° C. without the addition of air or oxygen to induce the temperature rise;c) providing an extended gas residence time of from about 10 seconds to about 10 hours within a second section of the catalytic reactor and at temperatures above the temperature of step ...

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Номер записи: 13
04-07-2013 дата публикации

Hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

Номер: US20130172640A1
Автор: Earl T. Robinson, Pattabhi K. Raman
Принадлежит: Greatpoint Energy Inc

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane product stream and a char by-product, and more specifically to removal of the char by-product from the hydromethanation reactor.

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Номер записи: 14
11-07-2013 дата публикации

Liquefaction Method and System

Номер: US20130174603A1
Автор: Brostow Adam Adrian, Roberts Mark Julian
Принадлежит: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

A method for liquefaction using a closed loop refrigeration system, the method comprising the steps of (a) compressing a gaseous refrigerant stream in at least one compressor; (b) cooling the compressed gaseous refrigerant stream in a first heat exchanger; (c) expanding at least a first portion of the cooled, compressed gaseous refrigerant stream from the first heat exchanger in a first expander to provide a first expanded gaseous refrigerant stream; and (d) cooling and substantially liquefying a feed gas stream to form a substantially liquefied feed gas stream in a second heat exchanger through indirect heat exchange against at least a first portion of the first expanded gaseous refrigerant stream from the first expander, wherein the first expanded gaseous refrigerant stream exiting the first expander is substantially vapor. 148-. (canceled)49. A method of liquefaction using a closed loop refrigeration system , the method comprising the steps of:(a) compressing a gaseous refrigerant stream in at least one compressor;(b) cooling at least a portion of the compressed gaseous refrigerant stream in a first heat exchanger;(c) expanding a first portion of the cooled, compressed gaseous refrigerant stream from the first heat exchanger in a first expander to provide a first expanded gaseous refrigerant stream;(d) cooling and substantially liquefying a feed gas stream to form a substantially liquefied feed gas stream in a second heat exchanger through indirect heat exchange against a first portion of the first expanded gaseous refrigerant stream from the first expander; and(e) further cooling a second portion of the cooled, compressed gaseous refrigerant stream from the first heat exchanger in a third heat exchanger by indirect heat exchange with a second portion of the first expanded gaseous refrigerant stream from the first expander,wherein the first expanded gaseous refrigerant stream exiting the first expander is substantially vapor, andwherein the first heat exchanger ...

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Номер записи: 15
11-07-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20130178546A1
Автор: WALTER Stefan
Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

Process for producing synthetic natural gas (SNG) which is provided in an energy-efficient way at the inlet pressure into a downstream pipeline system. For this purpose, a synthesis gas containing carbon oxides and hydrogen is converted into a product gas rich in methane by multi-stage catalytic methanation in a main reaction zone and a post-reaction zone, wherein the adjustment of the target pressure is effected by compression before the main reaction zone and/or before or in the post-reaction zone. 1. A process for producing a product gas stream rich in methane with a defined target pressure from a synthesis-gas fresh gas stream containing carbon oxides and hydrogen , comprising the following process steps:(a) combining the synthesis-gas fresh gas stream with a recirculation stream to obtain a synthesis-gas feed stream,(b) heating up the synthesis-gas feed stream and supplying the same to a main reaction zone,(c) converting the heated synthesis-gas feed stream to an intermediate-product gas stream enriched in methane in a main reaction zone under methanation conditions, wherein the main reaction zone includes at least one catalyst bed containing a methanation catalyst,(d) withdrawing a partial stream of the intermediate-product gas stream rich in methane after the main reaction zone as recirculation stream, wherein the recirculation stream is recirculated before the main reaction zone by means of a conveying device and is combined with the synthesis-gas fresh gas stream to obtain the synthesis-gas feed stream,(e) supplying the fraction of the intermediate-product gas stream rich in methane remaining after step (d) to a post-reaction zone,(f) converting the intermediate-product gas stream supplied to the post-reaction zone under methanation conditions to a product gas stream rich in methane, wherein the post-reaction zone includes at least one catalyst bed containing a methanation catalyst,(g) withdrawing the product gas stream rich in methane at the target ...

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Номер записи: 16
11-07-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE INTO CHEMICAL STARTING MATERIALS

Номер: US20130178677A1
Автор: Arvanitis Elena, Baldauf Manfred, Schmid Gunter, TAROATA Dan, Walachowicz Frank
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A method and apparatus convert carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials. Carbon dioxide is isolated from flue gas emitted by a combustion system. An electropositive metal is burned in an atmosphere of isolated carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials. 124-. (canceled)25. A method for converting carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials , the method comprising:isolating carbon dioxide from flue gas emitted by a combustion system, to produce an isolated carbon dioxide; andburning an electropositive metal in an atmosphere of the isolated carbon dioxide to reduce the isolated carbon dioxide into the chemical starting materials.26. The method according to claim 25 , wherein said electropositive metal is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of lithium claim 25 , sodium claim 25 , potassium claim 25 , magnesium claim 25 , calcium claim 25 , strontium claim 25 , barium claim 25 , aluminum and zinc.27. The method according to claim 25 , whereinburning the electropositive metal is an exothermic burning reaction releasing thermal energy, andthe method further comprises using the thermal energy to power a generator and produce electricity.28. The method according to claim 27 , whereinisolating carbon dioxide is performed using a carbon dioxide capture/isolation process,the carbon dioxide capture/isolation process includes a desorption process, anda part of the thermal energy is used to supply heat to the desorption process.29. The method according to claim 25 , wherein burning the molten electropositive metal comprises:heating the electropositive metal to provide a molten electropositive metal; andburning the molten electropositive metal in the atmosphere of said isolated carbon dioxide.30. The method according to claim 25 , wherein the chemical starting materials are used in further synthesis process.31. The method according to claim 25 , wherein the chemical starting materials comprise carbon monoxide and ...

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Номер записи: 17
08-08-2013 дата публикации

LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PLANT WITH ETHYLENE INDEPENDENT HEAVIES RECOVERY SYSTEM

Номер: US20130199238A1
Автор: EVANS Megan V., MOCK Jon M., PRADERIO Attilio J.
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Company

This invention relates to a process and apparatus for liquefying natural gas. In another aspect, the invention concerns a liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility employing an ethylene independent heavies recovery system. 1. A method for liquefaction of natural gas comprising:a) cooling a portion of a natural gas feed stream to produce a cooled natural gas feed stream;b) combining the cooled natural gas feed stream with a compressed reflux stream to form a combined natural gas stream;c) separating the combined natural gas stream into a first lights stream and a first heavies stream;d) expanding the first lights stream to form an expanded first lights stream;e) introducing at least a portion of the first heavies stream and at least a portion of the expanded first lights stream into a heavies removal column to form a heavies-depleted stream and a heavies-rich stream;f) separating at least a portion of the heavies-rich stream into a reflux stream and a heavier stream; andg) compressing the reflux stream into a compressed reflux stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (a)-(g) are carried out in a multi-stage cascade-type liquefied natural gas facility.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the natural gas feed stream is cooled via indirect heat exchange with a first refrigerant.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first refrigerant comprises predominantly propane or predominantly propylene.5. A method for liquefaction of natural gas comprising:a) cooling a portion of a natural gas feed stream via indirect heat exchange with a first refrigerant to form a cooled natural gas feed stream;b) separating the cooled natural gas feed stream into a first lights stream and a first heavies stream;c) expanding the first lights stream to form an expanded first lights stream;d) separating the expanded first lights stream into a second lights stream and a second heavies stream;e) introducing at least a portion of the first heavies stream, at least a portion of the second ...

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Номер записи: 18
15-08-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20130210938A1
Автор: Eastland Philip Henry Donald, Gavin Jonathan Geoffrey, Walker David Andrew
Принадлежит: DAVY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED

In a process for the production of substitute natural gas, a feed gas is provided to a first and/or second and/or subsequent bulk methanator. The feed gas is subjected to methanation in the presence of a suitable catalyst. An at least partially reacted stream from the first bulk methanator is removed and supplied to the second and/or subsequent bulk methanator where it is subjected to further methanation. A product stream from the final bulk methanator is passed to a trim methanator train where it is subjected to further methanation. A recycle stream is removed downstream of the first, second or subsequent bulk methanator, and, in any order, passed through a compressor, subjected to cooling and then supplied to a trim and/or recycle methanator for further methanation before being recycled to the first and/or second and/or subsequent methanator. 1. A process for the production of substitute natural gas comprising:providing a feed gas to a first and/or second and/or subsequent bulk methanator;subjecting that feed gas to methanation in the presence of a suitable catalyst;removing an at least partially reacted stream from the first bulk methanator and supplying it to the second and/or subsequent bulk methanator where it is subjected to further methanation;passing a product stream from the final bulk methanator to a trim methanator train where it is subjected to further methanation;removing a recycle stream downstream of the first, second or subsequent bulk methanator, and, in any order, passing it through a compressor, subjecting it to cooling and then supplying to a trim and/or recycle methanator for further methanation before being recycled to the first and/or second and/or subsequent methanator.2. A process according to wherein the process comprises: subjecting that feed gas to methanation in the presence of a suitable catalyst;', 'removing an at least partially reacted stream from the first bulk methanator and supplying it to the second bulk methanator where it is ...

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Номер записи: 19
19-09-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF GASEOUS SYNFUEL

Номер: US20130239481A1
Автор: HØJLUND NIELSEN Poul Erik, Madsen Jorgen
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

A process is provided for the preparation of a gaseous syn-fuel having a heating value in the same range as natural gas. 1. Process for the preparation of a gaseous dimethyl ether synfuel having a BTU value corresponding substantially to the BTU value of natural gas , said process comprising the steps ofproviding a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen;catalytically converting the synthesis gas into a dimethyl ether raw product further comprising unconverted synthesis gas, the nitrogen and dissolved carbon dioxide;cooling and condensing the dimethyl ether raw product with the dissolved carbon dioxide to a liquid and a gaseous phase with the unconverted synthesis gas and the nitrogen;separating the liquid phase from the gaseous phase;treating the liquid phase to remove the carbon dioxide from the dimethyl ether raw product and to obtain a purified dimethyl ether product; andadmixing and adjusting content of inert gas having a BTU value of about zero into the purified dimethyl ether raw product to obtain the gaseous dimethyl ether synfuel having a BTU value equal to that of the BTU value of natural gas, wherein the synthesis gas is prepared by air-blown gasification of a carbonaceous material.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is gasified with air at a pressure of between 2 to 3 MPa.3. The process of claim 1 , comprising the further steps of removal of the dust from the synthesis gas and steam reforming of tar contained in the synthesis gas from the air-blown gasification.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas is further steam reformed upstream the catalytically converting of the synthesis gas into dimethyl ether raw product.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas is pressurized to a pressure of between 8 to 10 MPa prior to the catalytically conversion into the dimethyl ether raw product.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid phase is treated with a liquid ...

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Номер записи: 20
19-09-2013 дата публикации

SUPERCONDUCTING POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Номер: US20130240236A1
Автор: WATANABE Hirofumi, Yamaguchi Sataro
Принадлежит: CHUBU UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION

In a thermally insulated double pipe, a structure is provided in which an inner pipe may be prevented from being appreciably offset relative to an outer pipe due to thermal contraction. The structure includes an inner pipe , within which a superconducting cable is mounted, an outer pipe within which the inner pipe is housed, with the inner and outer pipes constituting a thermally insulated double pipe, and an inner pipe support member supporting the inner pipe. The inner pipe support member is secured to the inner and outer pipes. 1. A superconducting power transmission system , comprising:a thermally insulated double pipe composed by an inner pipe within which a superconducting cable is installed and by an outer pipe within which the inner pipe is housed; andan inner pipe support member(s) supporting the inner pipe;the inner pipe support member(s) being secured to the inner and outer pipes.2. The superconducting power transmission system according to claim 1 , further comprising:a bellows pipe housed in the outer pipe; the bellows pipe being connected to an end(s) of the inner pipe; the superconducting cable being housed within the inside of the bellows pipe.3. The superconducting power transmission system according to claim 1 , further comprising:an object to be imaged by a camera, with the object being connected to an end part of the superconducting cable within a cryostat;a camera installed at a site thermally insulated from the cryostat; with the camera being configured for imaging the object within the cryostat through a window;a control device that analyzes picture image data of the object acquired by the camera to detect displacement thereof; anda driving device that, on detection of the displacement of the object by the control device, causes movement of the cryostat in its entirety.4. The superconducting power transmission system according to claim 3 , further comprising:an illumination device that illuminates the object.5. The superconducting power ...

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Номер записи: 21
26-09-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF PREPARING A COOLED HYDROCARBON STREAM AND AN APPARATUS THEREFOR

Номер: US20130247610A1
Автор: BALASUNDAR Mohan, DRIEL Adri van, GUPTA Akash, SPAANDER Adriaan
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A partially condensed hydrocarbon feed stream is sent to a column. An overhead vapour hydrocarbon stream from the column is then partially condensed by indirect heat exchanging against an expanded cooling fluid flowing through a first section of a cold side heat exchanging channel. The cooling fluid consists of a mixed refrigerant composition, and liquid from the expanded cooling fluid is continuously transformed to vapour thereby forming a residual liquid portion of not evaporated expanded cooling fluid. The residual liquid is used to progressively condense the hydrocarbon feed stream to produce the partially condensed hydrocarbon feed stream that is sent to the column, by allowing the hydrocarbon feed stream to lose heat to the residual liquid passing through a second section of the cold side heat exchanging channel. The liquid component that is condensed out of the overhead vapour hydrocarbon stream is used as reflux for the column. 1. A method of preparing a cooled hydrocarbon stream from a hydrocarbon feed stream , comprising: passing the cooling fluid through an expander to provide an expanded cooling fluid,', 'allowing the expanded cooling fluid to progressively evaporate as the expanded cooling fluid flows through a cold side heat exchanging channel, by allowing the expanded cooling fluid to flow through a first section of the cold side heat exchanging channel in contact with a first cold surface of a first heat exchanging fluid barrier whereby liquid from the expanded cooling fluid is continuously transformed to vapour thereby forming a residual liquid portion of not evaporated expanded cooling fluid, and subsequently allowing the residual liquid portion to continue its flow through a second section of the cold side heat exchanging channel in contact with a second cold surface of a second heat exchanging fluid barrier whereby the residual liquid is continuously vaporized,', 'compressing the vapour and the vaporized residual liquid to provide a compressed ...

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Номер записи: 22
10-10-2013 дата публикации

NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION PROCESS

Номер: US20130263623A1
Автор: Cha Kyu Sang, Chang Ho-Myung, Cho Yong Bum, Choe Kun Hyung, Lee Chul Gu, Lee Sang Gyu, Lee Yeong Beom, Park Chang Won
Принадлежит: KOREA GAS CORPORATION

Disclosed herein is a natural gas liquefaction process of pre-cooling natural gas using a closed loop pre-cooling cycle and liquefying the pre-cooled natural gas using a closed loop liquefying cycle, wherein the closed loop pre-cooling cycle includes first and second pre-cooling cycles in parallel for pre-cooling supplied natural gases together in the same first heat exchange region through the respective pure refrigerants, and the closed loop liquefying cycle includes at least one liquefying cycle for liquefying the pre-cooled natural gas through a mixed refrigerant, the first and second pre-cooling cycles being a closed circuit cooling cycle. 1. A natural gas liquefaction process of pre-cooling natural gas using a closed loop pre-cooling cycle and liquefying the pre-cooled natural gas using a closed loop liquefying cycle , wherein the closed loop pre-cooling cycle includes first and second pre-cooling cycles for pre-cooling supplied natural gases together in the same first heat exchange region through the respective pure refrigerants , and the closed loop liquefying cycle includes at least one liquefying cycle for liquefying the pre-cooled natural gas through a mixed refrigerant , the first and second pre-cooling cycles being a closed circuit cooling cycle.2. The natural gas liquefaction process according to claim 1 , wherein the pure refrigerant of the first pre-cooling cycle is ethane (C2) claim 1 , and the pure refrigerant of the second pre-cooling cycle is butane (C4).3. The natural gas liquefaction process according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second pre-cooling cycles include a step of compressing the pure refrigerant claim 1 , a step of cooling the compressed refrigerant claim 1 , a step of additionally cooling the cooled refrigerant in the first heat exchange region claim 1 , and a step of expanding the additionally cooled refrigerant.4. The natural gas liquefaction process according to claim 1 , wherein the closed loop liquefying cycle includes a ...

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Номер записи: 23
10-10-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION OF LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) AND COLD COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CCNG) FROM LOW-PRESSURE NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20130263624A1
Автор: Vandor David
Принадлежит:

A system for the production of LNG from low-pressure feed gas sources, at small production scales and at lower energy input costs. A system for the small-scale production of cold compressed natural gas (CCNG). A method of dispensing natural gas from stored CCNG, comprising: dispensing CCNG from a CCNG storage tank; pumping the CCNG by a cryogenic liquid pump to a pressure suitable for compressed natural gas dispensing and storage in on-vehicle compressed natural gas storage tanks; recovering cold from the CCNG by heat exchange with natural gas feeding the natural gas production plant to replace dispensed product. A system for the storage, transport, and dispensing of natural gas, comprising: means for handling natural gas in a CCNG state where the natural gas is a non-liquid, but is dense-enough to allow for pumping to pressure by a cryogenic liquid pump. 1. A method of producing cold compressed natural gas , comprising:providing a stream of feed gas;compressing the stream of feed gas so the feed gas reaches a pressure of about 700 psia or higher;directing the stream of feed gas through a heat exchanger in a first direction and directing a refrigerant through the heat exchanger in a second direction substantially opposite to the first direction such that the feed gas is cooled to between about −150° F. and about −170° F., thereby converting a first portion of the stream of feed gas to cold compressed natural gas.2. The method of further comprising directing a second portion of the stream of feed gas through a refrigeration production device such that the second portion of the stream of feed gas substantially drops in pressure and forms a low-pressure outflow stream of vapor and liquid.3. The method of further comprising directing the low-pressure outflow stream of vapor and liquid from the refrigeration production device for use as refrigerant in subsequent production of cold compressed natural gas;4. The method of wherein the refrigerant comprises the low-pressure ...

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Номер записи: 24
31-10-2013 дата публикации

Shell-and-tube reactor for carrying out catalytic gas phase reactions

Номер: US20130287652A1
Автор: Bernd Sturmer, Franz Egner, Josef Dachs, Manfred Lehr, Michael Specht, Rolf Bank, Volkmar Frick
Принадлежит: MAN Diesel and Turbo SE

A tube bundle reactor for carrying out catalytic gas phase reactions, particularly methanation reactions, has a bundle of catalyst-filled reaction tubes through which reaction gas flows and around which heat carrier flows during operation. In the region of the catalyst filling, the reaction tubes run through at least two heat carrier zones which are separated from one another, the first of which heat carrier zones extends over the starting region of the catalyst filling. The reaction tubes each have a first reaction tube portion with a first hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling and, downstream thereof in flow direction of the reaction gas, at least a second reaction tube portion with a second hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling that is greater than the first hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling.

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Номер записи: 25
14-11-2013 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GASIFYING CARBON-CONTAINING FUELS

Номер: US20130298464A1
Автор: Fleischer Maximilian, Fleischer Thomas, Just Tino, Wiesner Kerstin
Принадлежит:

A method for operating a device for gasifying carbon-containing fuels and a corresponding device are provided. The gasification of the carbon-containing fuels provokes a flame. The emission spectrum of the flame is registered and evaluated continuously in real time by a multi-variant method and an evaluation model that is previously recorded. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method for operating a device for gasifying carbon-containing fuels , comprising:recording an emission spectrum of a flame lead by the gasification; andevaluating the emission spectrum in real time with a multi-variant method and with a previously stored evaluation model by an evaluation unit.18. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the emission spectrum is evaluated in a range from ultraviolet radiation to infrared radiation.19. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the emission spectrum is recorded in a range from 300 nm to 2000 nm claim 17 , or in a range from 300 nm to 800 nm.20. The method as claimed in claim 17 , further comprising determining a flame temperature from the emission spectrum.21. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein at least one spectral range in which an emission line of an ash component lies is evaluated from the emission spectrum.22. The method as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the ash component comprises an alkali metal.23. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein claim 17 , the evaluation model is determined by:recording spectra with known operating parameters,storing the spectra with the known operating parameters together in a memory,classifying the spectra with the known operating parameters by statistics of the multi-variant method comprising primary component analysis, partial least squares regression, partial least squares discriminant analysis PLSDA, cluster analysis, or artificial neural networks,wherein the evaluation model assigns the known operating parameters to a specific spectrum.24. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the emission ...

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Номер записи: 26
14-11-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING A METHANE-RICH GAS FROM SYNGAS

Номер: US20130303638A1
Автор: Menzel Johannes, Thielert Holger
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for making a methane-rich gas from synthesis gas. This necessitates a method in which a synthesis gas () containing CO and His mixed with a gas stream () that is diverted from the methane-rich product gas and returned thereto, and is then passed through a catalyst bed () consisting of a methanation catalyst, wherein methanation takes place in the catalyst bed () and the gas stream is heated by released reaction heat. According to the invention, the catalyst bed () is divided into several methanation stages ( to ) through which the gas flows one after the other, and the synthesis gas () is split correspondingly into partial streams ( to ), each of which is fed to the catalyst bed () of an assigned methanation stage ( to ). The gas ( to ) that exits a methanation stage, and that has been heated up by methanation reactions in this stage is mixed with the partial stream of synthesis gas ( to ) for the following methanation stage, and is cooled thereby. The resulting mixed gas stream is fed to the catalyst bed in the subsequent methanation stage as feed gas. 1. A method for making a methane-rich gas from synthesis gas , the method comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'mixing a synthesis gas containing CO and Hwith a gas stream diverted from the methane-rich product gas and returned thereto;'}passing the gas stream through a catalyst bed consisting of a methanation catalyst such that methanation takes place in the catalyst and the gas stream is heated by released reaction heat;dividing the catalyst bed into several methanation stages through which the gas flows one after the other;splitting the synthesis gas correspondingly into partial streams;feeding the partial streams to the catalyst bed of an assigned methanation stage;mixing and cooling a gas that exits a methanation stage and that has been heated up by methanation reactions in this stage with the partial stream of synthesis gas for the following methanation stage; andfeeding the ...

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Номер записи: 27
21-11-2013 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING CARBON MONOXIDE AND WATER INTO CARBON DIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN WITH THE REMOVAL OF AT LEAST ONE PRODUCT GAS

Номер: US20130309141A1
Автор: Baldauf Manfred, Graeber Carsten, Hanebuth Marc, Zimmermann Gerhard
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for carrying out a carbon monoxide shift reaction, which includes converting carbon monoxide and water into carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the converting proceeding in a liquid phase with removal of a product gas including carbon dioxide and hydrogen, is provided. The apparatus includes dry methanol, as a first solvent in a first region for an absorption of carbon monoxide with simultaneous formation of methyl formate, and water, as a second solvent in a second region for a liberation of the product gas in order to avoid losses of hydrogen in a carbon dioxide region. 1. An apparatus for carrying out a carbon monoxide shift reaction which includes converting carbon monoxide and water into carbon dioxide and hydrogen , the converting proceeding in a liquid phase with removal of a product gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen , the apparatus comprising:dry methanol, as a first solvent in a first region for an absorption of carbon monoxide with simultaneous formation of methyl formate, andwater, as a second solvent in a second region for a liberation of the product gas in order to avoid losses of hydrogen in a carbon dioxide region.2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:a first reactor for binding synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in dry methanol to form the methyl formate,a first column for separating the methyl formate,a second reactor for cleaving the methyl formate either into methanol and formic acid or into methanol and formate in aqueous solution, absorbing the methanol and the formic acid or the methanol and the formate,', wherein the methyl is recirculatable to the second reactor,', 'wherein the methanol is recirculatable to the first reactor,', 'wherein the product gas carbon dioxide is removable, and, 'separating carbon dioxide, methyl formate and methanol,'}], 'a second column for'}a third reactor for decomposing formic acid or formate into hydrogen carbonate and for separating the product gas hydrogen ...

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Номер записи: 28
28-11-2013 дата публикации

COMBUSTIBLE GAS COMPOSITION

Номер: US20130312327A1
Автор: SCHARF Joerg
Принадлежит: IMPARA FINANZ AG

The present invention provides a method and a system for synthesizing a combustible gas composition as well as a combustible gas composition obtained by such a method. In particular, the method comprises providing a primary gas () obtained by splitting water () by means of an electric field; and mixing the primary gas () with a secondary gas () and with air, wherein the secondary gas () comprises a combustible gaseous hydrocarbon. 1. A method for synthesizing a combustible gas composition , the method comprising:providing a primary gas obtained by electrolyzing water; and{'b': '30', 'mixing the primary gas () with a secondary gas and with air with a ratio of xp:xs:xa, wherein xp is in the range of about 0.02 to about 0.06, xs is in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.04, and xa is in the range of about 0.9 to about 0.97,'}wherein the secondary gas comprises a combustible gaseous hydrocarbon.2. The method of claim 1 , where mixing the primary gas with the secondary gas and with air comprises:providing a mixing chamber partly filled with water;providing the primary gas in the water within the mixing chamber; andfeeding the air into the mixing chamber in the room above the water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein providing the primary gas in the water within the mixing chamber comprises feeding the primary gas from outside the mixing chamber into the water inside the mixing chamber via a primary feeding pipe arranged in the water inside the mixing chamber.4. The method of claim 3 , comprising discharging water from the mixing chamber into an electrolyzing chamber claim 3 , wherein the primary gas is generated by electrolyzing the water inside the electrolyzing chamber.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein feeding the air into the mixing chamber in the room above the water comprises:bringing the secondary gas and the air together outside the mixing chamber andfeeding the secondary gas together with the air from outside the mixing chamber into the mixing chamber in the room ...

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Номер записи: 29
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Process for generating a synthetic natural gas

Номер: US20130317126A1
Автор: Gordon Edward Wilson, Norman MacLeod, Peter Edward James Abbott
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A process is described for reducing the thiophene content in a synthesis gas mixture, comprising comprises the steps of (i) passing a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and containing thiophene over a copper-containing sorbent disposed in a sorbent vessel at an inlet temperature in the range 200-280 oC, (ii) withdrawing a thiophene depleted synthesis gas containing methanol from the sorbent vessel, and (iii) adjusting the temperature of the methanol-containing thiophene-depleted synthesis gas mixture. The resulting gas mixture may be used for production of chemicals, e.g. methanol production or for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons, for hydrogen production by using water gas shift, or for the production of synthetic natural gas.

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Номер записи: 30
05-12-2013 дата публикации

Renewable Blended Syngas from a Plasma-Based System

Номер: US20130320679A1
Автор: Juranitch James C.
Принадлежит:

A method and system for cost-effectively converting a feedstock using thermal plasma, or other styles of gassifiers, into an energy transfer system using a blended syngas. The feedstock is any organic material or fossil fuel to generate a syngas. The syngas is blended with any fuel of a higher thermal content (BTU) level, such as natural gas. The blended syngas high thermal content fuel can be used in any energy transfer device such as a boiler for simple cycle Rankine systems, an internal combustion engine generator, or a combined cycle turbine generator system. The quality of the high thermal content fuel is monitored using a thermal content monitoring feedback system and a quenching arrangement. 1. A method of extracting energy from a gassifier , the method comprising the steps of:delivering a feed stock product to the gassifier;extracting a fuel product from the gassifier, the extracted fuel product having a first thermal content characteristic;delivering the extracted fuel product to a fuel blending system; andmixing a further fuel product having a second thermal content characteristic with the extracted fuel product in the blending system, the second thermal content characteristic corresponding to a higher thermal content than the first thermal content characteristic, to form a blended fuel product of greater quality than the extracted fuel product issued by the gassifier.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gassifier is a plasma gassifier.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gassifier is inductively heated.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gassifier is inductively heated and plasma assisted.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein there is provided the further step of delivering the blended fuel product to a power transfer device.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the power transfer device is a combined cycle electricity generation system.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the combined cycle electricity generation system includes a gas turbine power ...

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Номер записи: 31
12-12-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED MIXED FUELS, METHODS OF PRODUCTION AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20130326951A1
Автор: Euen Craig T., Kendrick Richard H., Loya Mohammed I., Togna Keith A., Warren Matthew C., Weeks Steven W.
Принадлежит: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.

A chemically-modified mixed fuel includes methane gas from at least two methane-production sources and can be utilized in any process that incorporates a Kellogg Primary Reformer. A method for producing the chemically-modified mixed fuel described herein includes providing a first methane-containing gas from a first methane-production source, providing a second methane-containing gas from a second methane-production source and blending the first methane-containing gas with the second methane-containing gas at a suitable pressure to form a chemically-modified mixed fuel. In some cases, at least one additional methane-containing gas can be provided from at least one additional methane-production source and blended with the chemically-modified fuel. 1. A chemically-modified mixed fuel , wherein the fuel comprises methane gas from at least two methane-production sources2. The chemically-modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the at least two sources comprises at least one fossil source claim 1 , at least one biogenic source claim 1 , at least one abiogenic source or a combination thereof3. The chemically-modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the at least two sources comprises at least one fossil source and at least one biogenic source4. The chemically-modified fuel of claim 3 , wherein the at least two sources consists of at least one fossil source and at least one biogenic source5. The chemically-modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the at least one biogenic source comprises landfill gas.6. The chemically-modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the methane-production sources comprises natural gas claim 1 , Area-6 gas claim 1 , landfill gas or a combination thereof.7. The chemically-modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the percentage of methane in each of the at least two methane-production sources is greater than about 40%.8. The chemically-modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the percentage of methane in each of the at least two methane-production sources is greater ...

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Номер записи: 32
12-12-2013 дата публикации

SEMI-CLOSED LOOP LNG PROCESS

Номер: US20130327085A1
Автор: Eaton Anthony P.
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Company

A semi-closed loop system for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) that combines certain advantages of closed-loop systems with certain advantages of open-loop systems to provide a more efficient and effective hybrid system. In the semi-closed loop system, the final methane refrigeration cycle provides significant cooling of the natural gas stream via indirect heat transfer, as opposed to expansion-type cooling. A minor portion of the LNG product from the methane refrigeration cycle is used as make-up refrigerant in the methane refrigeration cycle. A pressurized portion of the refrigerant from the methane refrigeration cycle is employed as fuel gas. Excess refrigerant from the methane refrigeration cycle can be recombined with the processed natural gas stream, rather than flared. 137-. (canceled)38. A method for liquefying a natural gas stream comprising the steps of: wherein the at least three sequential cooling cycles comprise a first cooling cycle with a first refrigerant, a second cooling cycle with a second refrigerant, and a third cooling cycle with a third refrigerant, wherein the third refrigerant is a predominantly methane refrigerant;', 'wherein the third cooling cycle comprises an open-loop methane refrigeration cycle;', 'wherein the third cooling cycle comprises a methane;, 'providing a cascade-type liquefied natural gas facility having at least three sequential cooling cycles, each employing a different refrigerant;'}cooling the natural gas stream in the first cooling cycle with the first refrigerant;cooling the natural gas stream in the second cooling cycle with the second refrigerant;introducing the natural gas stream to a heavies removal column for separating the natural gas stream into a heavies stream and a heavies-reduced natural gas stream;compressing the predominantly methane refrigerant to form a compressed methane refrigerant;separating the compressed methane refrigerant into a first compressed methane refrigerant portion and a second ...

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Номер записи: 33
19-12-2013 дата публикации

Natural Gas Liquefaction Process to Extend Lifetime of Gas Wells

Номер: US20130333415A1
Автор: Hans E. Kimmel
Принадлежит: Ebara International Corp

A variable speed liquid LNG expander (X1) and a variable speed two-phase LNG expander (X2) in line, downstream from X1. The rotational speed of both expanders can be controlled and changed independent from each other. The speed of expander X1 and expander X2 is determined in such way that the amount of liquid LNG downstream from the PHS compared to the feed gas supply is maximized and the amount of vapor and boil-off downstream of X2 is minimized.

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Номер записи: 34
19-12-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF RECOVERY OF NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS FROM NATURAL GAS AT NGLS RECOVERY PLANTS

Номер: US20130333416A1
Автор: Lourenco Jose, Millar MacKenzie
Принадлежит:

A method to recover natural gas liquids from natural gas streams at NGL recovery plants. The present invention relates to methods using liquid natural gas (LNG) as an external source of stored cold energy to reduce the energy and improve the operation of NGL distillation columns. More particularly, the present invention provides methods to efficiently and economically achieve higher recoveries of natural gas liquids at NGL recovery plants. 1. A method for recovery of natural gas liquids from natural gas using the cold energy stored in LNG comprising the step of:The storage and supply of LNG as an external cooling source to control the operation and recovery of NGLs in a distillation column.2. The method as defined in claim 1 , providing LNG as a reflux stream by a temperature control of the overhead gas stream by mixing of LNG with the rising gas stream in the distillation column.3. The method as defined in claim 1 , providing LNG to directly mix with un-distilled expanded claim 1 , feed gas to allow distillation column to operate at higher pressures without loss of recovery.4. The method as defined in claim 1 , providing LNG as a stripping gas for carbon dioxide concentration in NGL product stream.5. method described in claim 1 , providing LNG to cool an overhead stream to generate a second reflux stream for a dual reflux distillation column operation.6. A method for recovery of natural gas liquids from a natural gas comprising the steps of:positioning a storage vessel for liquid natural gas (LNG) at a NGL recovery plant facility that has at least one distillation column for recovering natural gas liquids (NGLs);adding LNG from the storage vessel by direct mixing to control the temperature profile in a NGL distillation column, the temperature in the overhead product of the distillation column being controlled by controlling addition of LNG as a reflux stream, the temperature in the expanded feed gas to the distillation column being controlled by controlling ...

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Номер записи: 35
19-12-2013 дата публикации

NGL Recovery Without Cryogenic Conditions, Membranes, and Carbon Dioxide Recovery Solvents

Номер: US20130333417A1
Автор: Prim Eric
Принадлежит: Pilot Energy Solutions, LLC

A method for recovering natural gas liquids without using cryogenic conditions, membranes, and carbon dioxide recovery solvents is provided. In one embodiment, a carbon dioxide recycle stream that comprises carbon dioxide and natural gas liquids is received. The carbon dioxide recycle stream is separated into a purified carbon dioxide recycle stream and a natural gas liquids stream. The purified carbon dioxide recycle stream comprises the carbon dioxide, and the natural gas liquids stream comprises the natural gas liquids. The carbon dioxide recycle stream, the purified carbon dioxide recycle stream, and the natural gas liquids are not subjected to cryogenic conditions, membranes, and carbon dioxide recovery solvents between being received and being separated into the purified carbon dioxide recycle stream and the natural gas liquids stream. 1. A method comprising:receiving a carbon dioxide recycle stream, wherein the carbon dioxide recycle stream comprises carbon dioxide and natural gas liquids;separating the carbon dioxide recycle stream into a purified carbon dioxide recycle stream and a natural gas liquids stream, wherein the purified carbon dioxide recycle stream comprises the carbon dioxide, and wherein the natural gas liquids stream comprises the natural gas liquids, andwherein the carbon dioxide recycle stream, the purified carbon dioxide recycle stream, and the natural gas liquids stream are not subjected to cryogenic conditions, membranes, and carbon dioxide recovery solvents between being received and being separated into the purified carbon dioxide recycle stream and the natural gas liquids stream.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide recycle stream comprises natural gas claim 1 , and wherein separating the carbon dioxide recycle stream into the purified carbon dioxide recycle stream and the natural gas liquids stream comprises separating the natural gas into the purified carbon dioxide recycle stream.3. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 36
26-12-2013 дата публикации

ENHANCED METHODS OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL AND FUEL PRODUCTION THROUGH INTEGRATED PROCESSING AND EMISSION RECOVERY

Номер: US20130340322A1
Автор: Knight Roy Cameron, Onjukka Lori L., Onjukka Rolf L., Parrack Yuonne Mae
Принадлежит:

The process described in this embodiment relates to the field of synthetic fuel and synthetic chemical production through co-processing methods such as pyrolysis, combustion, gasification, distillation, catalytic synthesis, methanol synthesis, hydro-treatment, and hydrogenation, cavitation, bioreaction, and water treatment. The inventions described herein relates to synthetic hydrocarbons derived from various carbonaceous materials such as biomass, solid municipal waste and coal which can be converted into typical industrial products and various unique synthetic fuels. The byproducts of each process are directed to other processes for additional product yield and to reduce waste and emissions. 1. A process of producing synthetic fuels and chemical products comprising:a. integrating three or more fuel/chemical production processes such that one or more byproducts of one or more production processes are applied to other processes for additional product yield and to reduce waste and emissions;b. a raw feedstock includes various carbonaceous materials such as biomass, solid municipal waste and coal; andc. integrating three or more facilities that utilize said chemical product/fuel production processes such that one or more byproducts produced at one or more said facilities are used in the production of fuel/chemical product at other said facilities for additional product yield and to reduce waste and emissions;d. operating the integrated fuel/chemical production processes to produce synthetic fuel and chemical products such that one or more byproducts of one or more production processes are utilized in an operation of other fuel/chemical production processes.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said fuel/chemical production processes are selected from the group consisting of feedstock preparation claim 1 , pyrolysis claim 1 , combustion claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , gasification claim 1 , water treatment claim 1 , catalytic synthesis claim 1 , hydro-treatment/ ...

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Номер записи: 37
26-12-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A C3+ HYDROCARBON-RICH FRACTION AND A METHANE- AND ETHANE-RICH STREAM FROM A HYDROCARBON-RICH FEED STREAM, AND RELATED FACILITY

Номер: US20130340473A1
Автор: Barthe Loic, Gahier Vanessa, Gouriou Julie, Thiebault Sandra
Принадлежит: TECHNIP FRANCE

The method according to the invention comprises the separation of a feed stream () into a first fraction () and a second fraction () and the injection of at least part of the second fraction () into a second dynamic expansion turbine () to form a second expanded fraction (). 1. A method for producing a C hydrocarbon-rich cut and a methane- and ethane-rich stream , from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons , the method comprising the following steps:partially cooling and condensing a first fraction of the feed stream in a first heat exchanger;injecting the first cooled fraction into a first separating flask to form a first gas headstream and a first liquid bottoms stream;injecting at least part of the first headstream into a first dynamic expansion turbine;forming a first feed stream of a first column from the first expanded fraction coming from the first dynamic expansion turbine and injecting the first feed stream into the lower part of a first column to recover a first headstream and a first bottoms stream;heating at least part of the first headstream in a second heat exchanger, then in the first heat exchanger, and compressing at least part of the heated headstream in a first compressor coupled to the first turbine, then in a second compressor to form the methane- and ethane-rich stream;injecting the first bottoms stream into a second fractionating column to recover a second headstream and a second bottoms stream;{'sub': '3', 'sup': '+', 'forming the C hydrocarbon-rich cut from the second bottoms stream;'}at least partially cooling and condensing the second headstream, advantageously in the first heat exchanger, and injecting the second partially condensed headstream into a head separating flask to form a second gas headstream and a second liquid bottoms stream;injecting the second liquid bottoms stream in reflux into the second fractionating column;at least partially cooling and condensing the second gas headstream, advantageously in the second heat exchanger; ...

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Номер записи: 38
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Heavy Hydrocarbon Removal From A Natural Gas Stream

Номер: US20140033762A1
Автор: Chen Fei, Krishnamurthy Gowri, Luo Xukun, Ott Christopher Michael, Roberts Mark Julian
Принадлежит: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

A method and apparatus of removing heavy hydrocarbons from a natural gas feed stream, the method comprising using first and second hydrocarbon removal systems in series such that the first system processes the natural gas feed stream to produce a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream and the second system processes at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream from the first system to produce a natural gas stream lean in heavy hydrocarbons, wherein one of said systems is a adsorption system that comprises one or more beds of adsorbent for adsorbing and thereby removing heavy hydrocarbons from a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas, and the other of said systems is a gas-liquid separation system for separating a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas into a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas vapor and a heavy hydrocarbon enriched liquid. 1. A method of removing heavy hydrocarbons from a natural gas feed stream , the method comprising the steps of using a first heavy hydrocarbon removal system and a second heavy hydrocarbon removal system to process the natural gas feed stream to produce a natural gas stream lean in heavy hydrocarbons , wherein said first and second systems are used in series such that the first system processes the natural gas feed stream to produce a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream and the second system processes at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream from the first system to produce the natural gas stream lean in heavy hydrocarbons , and wherein one of said systems is an adsorption system that comprises one or more beds of adsorbent for adsorbing and thereby removing heavy hydrocarbons from a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas , and the other of said systems is a gas-liquid separation system for separating a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas into a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas vapor and a heavy hydrocarbon enriched liquid.2. The method ...

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Номер записи: 39
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Heavy Hydrocarbon Removal From A Natural Gas Stream

Номер: US20140033763A1
Автор: Chen Fei, Krishnamurthy Gowri, Luo Xukun, Ott Christopher Michael, Roberts Mark Julian
Принадлежит: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

A method and apparatus of removing heavy hydrocarbons from a natural gas feed stream, the method comprising using first and second hydrocarbon removal systems in series such that the first system processes the natural gas feed stream to produce a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream and the second system processes at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream from the first system to produce a natural gas stream lean in heavy hydrocarbons, wherein one of said systems is a adsorption system that comprises one or more beds of adsorbent for adsorbing and thereby removing heavy hydrocarbons from a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas, and the other of said systems is a gas-liquid separation system for separating a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas into a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas vapor and a heavy hydrocarbon enriched liquid. 1. A method of removing heavy hydrocarbons from a natural gas feed stream , the method comprising the steps of using a first heavy hydrocarbon removal system and a second heavy hydrocarbon removal system to process the natural gas feed stream to produce a natural gas stream lean in heavy hydrocarbons , wherein said first and second systems are used in series such that the first system processes the natural gas feed stream to produce a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream and the second system processes at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas stream from the first system to produce the natural gas stream lean in heavy hydrocarbons , and wherein one of said systems is an adsorption system that comprises one or more beds of adsorbent for adsorbing and thereby removing heavy hydrocarbons from a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas , and the other of said systems is a gas-liquid separation system for separating a heavy hydrocarbon containing natural gas into a heavy hydrocarbon depleted natural gas vapor and a heavy hydrocarbon enriched liquid.2. The method ...

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Номер записи: 40
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Modular LNG Production Facility

Номер: US20140053599A1
Автор: Byfield Geoffrey Brian
Принадлежит: Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd.

A liquefied natural gas production facility and a method of designing and constructing a liquefied natural gas production facility are described. The facility includes space-apart modules for installation at a production location to form a production train including a major axis and a minor axis, each module including a module base for mounting a plurality of plant equipment associated with a selected function assigned to the module, the module base including a major axis and a minor axis. Heat exchangers are arranged to run parallel to the major axis of the production train to form a heat exchanger bank including a major axis and a minor axis, where the major axis of the bank is parallel to the major axis of the train. A subset of the plurality of heat exchangers is arranged on a first level vertically offset from the base of at least one module. 1. A liquefied natural gas production facility comprising:a plurality of space-apart modules for installation at a production location to form a production train including a major axis and a minor axis, each module including a module base for mounting a plurality of plant equipment associated with a selected function assigned to said module, the module base including a major axis and a minor axis; and,a plurality of heat exchangers arranged to run parallel to the major axis of the production train to form a heat exchanger bank including a major axis and a minor axis, wherein the major axis of the bank is parallel to the major axis of the train;wherein a subset of the plurality of heat exchangers is arranged on a first level vertically offset from the base of at least one module to form a partially covered module, and wherein the major axis of the partially covered module is arranged to lie perpendicular to the major axis of the train when the partially covered module is installed at the production location.2. The liquefied natural gas production facility of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger bank includes a footprint and ...

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Номер записи: 41
06-03-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR LIQUEFYING A HYDROCARBON-RICH FRACTION

Номер: US20140060111A1
Автор: BAUER Heinz, GOLLWITZER Claudia, Gwinner Martin, Lamuela Calvo Ana-Maria
Принадлежит: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Described herein is a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, in particular natural gas, is described, in which 1. A process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction , comprising:{'b': 1', '4', '1', '9', '30', '37', '40', '47, 'cooling the hydrocarbon-rich fraction that is to be liquefied (A-B) in indirect heat exchange (EB-EB) against a multistage precooling circuit (-, -, -),'}wherein the refrigerant of the precooling circuit is at least 95% by volume carbon dioxide, and{'b': 7', '8', '10', '10', '19, 'liquefying and subcooling the cooled hydrocarbon-rich fraction (C) is in indirect heat exchange (E, E, E) against a mixed cycle (-),'}wherein the mixed refrigerant of the mixed cycle comprises exclusively component(s) selected from nitrogen, methane and ethane.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon-rich fraction is natural gas.3193037404711111. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide circulating in the precooling circuit (- claim 1 , - claim 1 , -) is compressed in two separate compressor casings (CA claim 1 , CB) claim 1 , a low-pressure casing (CA) and a high-pressure casing (CB) claim 1 , wherein the exit pressure of the low-pressure casing (CA) is below the critical pressure of carbon dioxide.41. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the exit pressure of the high-pressure casing (CB) is operated at a final pressure of at least 90 bar.51. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the exit pressure of the high-pressure casing (CB) is operated at a final pressure of at least 100 bar.610192. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixed refrigerant circulating in the mixed cycle (-) is compressed to a pressure above the critical pressure thereof (C).71119303740472. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature(s) of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction that is to be liquefied claim 1 , of the carbon dioxide and/or of the mixed refrigerant is/are adjusted in such a manner that the drive ...

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Номер записи: 42
13-03-2014 дата публикации

INCREASING STABILITY OF A PYROLYSIS PRODUCT

Номер: US20140069797A1
Автор: DAUGAARD Daren E., Gorke Johnathan T., Jones Samuel T.
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the pyrolysis vapors as a direct consequence of the biomass feedstock comprising particles that are larger than a defined minimum diameter. The biomass feedstock may optionally be compressed to form feedstock pellets that are larger than a defined minimum diameter. 1. A biomass pyrolysis process , comprising the steps of:(a) pyrolyzing a biomass feedstock in a reactor, wherein the pyrolyzing forms products comprising a primary gaseous product and char;(b) passing the primary gaseous product out of the reactor, wherein the primary gaseous product passing out of the reactor entrains less of the char (by wt.) as a direct consequence of the biomass feedstock comprising particles that are greater than 300 microns in diameter.2. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 , wherein the primary gaseous product passing out of the reactor entrains less of the char (by wt.) as a direct consequence of the biomass feedstock comprising particles that are greater than 500 microns in diameter.3. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 , wherein the primary gaseous product passing out of the reactor entrains less char (by wt.) as a direct consequence of the biomass feedstock comprising particles that are greater than 750 microns in diameter.4. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 , wherein the particulate biomass feedstock is compressed prior to step (a) to form pellets that are greater than 300 microns in diameter.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the particulate biomass feedstock is compressed by pelletization or biomass briquetting.6. A biomass pyrolysis process claim 4 , comprising the steps of:(a) providing a particulate biomass feedstock comprising particles equal to or smaller than 300 microns in diameter and compressing the feedstock to form pellets that are greater than 300 microns in diameter,(b) pyrolyzing the ...

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Номер записи: 43
27-03-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR LIQUEFACTION OF NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20140083132A1
Автор: Maunder Anthony Dwight, Skinner Geoffrey Frederick
Принадлежит: GASCONSULT LIMITED

A process comprising: cooling natural gas with a heat exchanger and a first expander. The heat exchanger cools the feed natural gas to temperature higher than the outlet temperature of the expander, reheating the expander outlet stream in a first cold passage of the heat exchanger to slightly below the temperature of the feed natural gas to the heat exchanger, passing the cold outlet stream from the heat exchanger into a second expander wherein it is partly liquefied, separating the outlet stream of second expander into liquid and vapour fractions, collecting the liquid fraction for use as LNG product, reheating the vapour fraction in a second cold side passage of the heat exchanger to substantially the same temperature as the temperature of the feed natural gas to the heat exchanger, recycling the reheated vapour fraction partly as feed to the first expander and partly as feed to the heat exchanger. 2. The process as claimed in in which the heat exchanger receives all the feed natural gas.3. The process as claimed in in which the heat exchanger receives a large part claim 1 , at least 30% claim 1 , of the feed natural gas.4. The process as claimed in in which the feed natural gas is cooled to a temperature of −60° to −70° C.5. The modification of the process claimed in in which the said first and second gas expanders have essentially the same outlet pressure of between 5 bar and 15 bar (0.5 and 1.5 MPa) claim 1 , and the outlet streams from both expanders are combined prior to final reheating claim 1 , compression and recycle.6. The process as claimed in in which any part or all of the feed and/or compressor discharge and/or recycle streams are cooled claim 1 , typically by use of an absorption refrigeration cycles such as lithium bromide (LiBr).7. The process as claimed in in which the heat requirement for an absorption refrigeration system is supplied by gas engine or gas turbine exhaust heat claim 1 , such gas engines or turbines which may be used for supplying ...

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Номер записи: 44
03-04-2014 дата публикации

AGGLOMERATED PARTICULATE LOW-RANK COAL FEEDSTOCK AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20140094636A1
Автор: Keckler Kenneth P., Raman Pattabhi K., Robinson Earl T., Sirdeshpande Avinash
Принадлежит: GREATPOINT ENERGY, INC.

The present invention relates generally to processes for preparing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks of a particle size suitable for reaction in a fluidized-bed reactor and certain other gasification reactors and, in particular, for coal gasification and combustion applications. The present invention also relates to an integrated coal hydromethanation process including preparing and utilizing such agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks. 1. A process for preparing a free-flowing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstock of a specified particle size distribution , the process comprising the steps of: (i) a target dp(50) that is a value in the range of from about 100 microns to about 1000 microns,', '(ii) a target upper end particle size that is a value greater than the target dp(50), and less than or equal to about 1500 microns, and', '(iii) a target lower end particle size that is a value less than the target dp(50), and greater than or equal to about 45 microns;, '(A) selecting a specification for the particle size distribution of the free-flowing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstock, the specification comprising'}(B) providing a raw particulate low-rank coal feedstock having an initial particle density;(C) grinding the raw particulate low-rank coal feedstock to a ground dp(50) of from about 2% to about 50% of the target dp(50), to generate a ground low-rank coal feedstock;(D) pelletizing the ground low-rank coal feedstock with water and a binder to generate free-flowing agglomerated low-rank coal particles having a pelletized dp(50) of from about 90% to about 110% of the target dp(50), and a particle density of at least about 5% greater than the initial particle density, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble binder, a water-dispersible binder and a mixture thereof; and (i) particles larger than the upper end particle size,', '(ii) particles smaller than the lower end particle size, ...

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Номер записи: 45
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Liquefaction of Natural Gas

Номер: US20150000334A1
Автор: Edwards David
Принадлежит:

A method and apparatus for liquefying natural gas vapour is provided. Firstly, liquid natural gas is sub-cooled at a first heat exchanger using a liquid coolant such as liquid nitrogen. The sub-cooled liquid natural gas is then used to condense the natural gas vapour at a second heat exchanger. 1. A method for condensing natural gas vapour to generate liquefied natural gas (LNG) , comprising:providing a liquid coolant, wherein the liquid coolant has a boiling point less than that of natural gas;cooling LNG at a first heat exchanger using the liquid coolant to generate sub-cooled LNG; andcondensing natural gas vapour at a second heat exchanger using the sub-cooled LNG to liquefy the natural gas vapour and thereby generate further LNG.2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:obtaining the LNG for cooling at the first heat exchanger from at least one LNG storage tank; andreturning the sub-cooled LNG to the at least one LNG storage tank after it is used at the second heat exchanger.3. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising delivering the further LNG to the at least one LNG storage tank.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the natural gas vapour is boil-off gas.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid coolant is liquid nitrogen.6. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising compressing the natural gas vapour.7. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:delivering LNG from a first vessel to a second vessel; andreceiving the natural gas vapour from the second vessel.8. A system for condensing natural gas vapour to generate liquefied natural gas (LNG); comprising:a first heat exchanger arranged to cool LNG using a liquid coolant to generate sub-cooled LNG, wherein the liquid coolant has a boiling point less than that of natural gas; anda second heat exchanger arranged to condense natural gas vapour using the sub-cooled LNG to liquefy the natural gas vapour and thereby generate further LNG.9. A system according to ...

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Номер записи: 46
06-01-2022 дата публикации

System and Method of De-Bottlenecking LNG Trains

Номер: US20220003496A1
Автор: Lee Yow-Yeen, Lupascu Sorin T.
Принадлежит:

A system and method for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) from a natural gas stream. Each of a plurality of LNG trains liquefies a portion of the natural gas stream to generate a warm LNG stream in a first operating mode, and a cold LNG stream in a second operating mode. A sub-cooling unit is configured to, in the first operating mode, sub-cool the warm LNG streams to thereby generate a combined cold LNG stream. The warm LNG streams have a higher temperature than a temperature of the cold LNG streams in the second operating mode and the combined cold LNG stream. The combined cold LNG stream has, in the first operating mode, a higher flow rate than the flow rate of the cold LNG streams in the second operating mode. 2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sub-cooling unit uses a nitrogen refrigerant to sub-cool the warm LNG streams.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of LNG trains uses a propane refrigerant to liquefy the respective portions of the natural gas stream.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of LNG trains uses a mixed refrigerant to liquefy the respective portions of the natural gas stream.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of LNG trains uses a propane refrigerant and a mixed refrigerant to liquefy the respective portions of the natural gas stream claim 1 , and wherein the sub-cooling unit uses a nitrogen refrigerant to sub-cool the warm LNG streams.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of LNG trains have been in operation prior to installation of the sub-cooling unit.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of LNG trains have not been in operation prior to installation of the sub-cooling unit.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the sub-cooling unit uses a nitrogen refrigerant to sub-cool the warm LNG stream.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the plurality of LNG trains uses a propane refrigerant to liquefy the respective portions of ...

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Номер записи: 47
03-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOMETHANE BY PURIFYING BIOGAS FROM NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGE FACILITIES AND FACILITY FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD

Номер: US20190001263A1
Автор: Briend Pierre, Lefebvre Mathieu, Paget Nicolas, Prince Guénaël
Принадлежит:

A method for producing biomethane by purifying biogas from non-hazardous waste storage facilities involves compressing the initial gas flow, introducing the gas flow to be purified into at least one adsorber loaded with adsorbents capable of reversibly adsorbing the VOCs, and subjecting the VOC-depleted gas flow to at least one membrane separation step in order to partially separate the COand Ofrom the gas flow. The method also involves introducing the retentate from the membrane separation step into at least one adsorber loaded with adsorbents capable of reversibly adsorbing the major portion of the remaining CO, subjecting the CO-depleted gas flow exiting the adsorber loaded with adsorbents capable of reversibly adsorbing the major portion of the remaining COto a cryogenic separation step in a distillation column in order to separate the Oand Nfrom the gas flow, and recovering the CH-rich flow from the cryogenic separation step. 1. A method for producing biomethane by purifying biogas from non-hazardous waste storage facilities (NHWSF) according to which:the initial gas flow is compressed,the gas flow to be purified is introduced into at least one adsorber loaded with adsorbents capable of reversibly adsorbing the VOCs,{'sub': 2', '2, 'the VOC-depleted gas flow exiting the adsorber loaded with adsorbents capable of reversibly adsorbing the VOCs is subjected to at least one membrane separation implementing 1 to 4 membrane stages of which the permeability enables more than 90% of the COand at least 30% of the Oto be separated from the gas flow,'}{'sub': '2', 'the retentate from the membrane separation is introduced into at least one adsorber loaded with adsorbents capable of reversibly adsorbing the majority of the remaining CO,'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'the CO-depleted gas flow exiting the adsorber loaded with adsorbents capable of reversibly adsorbing the majority of the remaining COis subjected to a cryogenic separation in a distillation column to separate the ...

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Номер записи: 48
07-01-2016 дата публикации

System and method for converting food waste into fuel

Номер: US20160002549A1
Автор: Eun Ju Kim, Tae Hyung Kim
Принадлежит: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology KICT

A system for converting food waste into fuel includes at least one thermal decomposition reactor. The at least one thermal decomposition reactor is configured to transfer an organic waste, that is, food waste, through a region on which a sunlight is concentrated by at least one solar concentrator. A fermenter is disposed at a front end of the at least one thermal decomposition reactor, and any thermal energy remaining after being used in the at least one thermal decomposition reactor is additionally used in fermentation of the food waste. A method of converting food waste into fuel is also provided.

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Номер записи: 49
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Process for and processor of natural gas and activated carbon together with blower

Номер: US20180002625A1
Автор: Aaron Sherman
Принадлежит:

A method of and device for processing carbonacious material into gas and activated carbon together with blower. 1. A method of processing carbonacious material into volatiles and activated carbon , comprising the steps of:placing feedstock onto a fluidized bed;directing superheated non-oxygenated gas through the fluidized bed;adjusting a velocity of the superheated gas such that the gas is slow enough to leave the feedstock on the fluidized bed and fast enough to remove activated carbon and volatiles;allowing cleaning of the volatiles using the activated carbon to form clean volatiles and activated carbon;separating the volatiles and the activated carbon;recycling a portion of the volatiles back to the fluidized bed;collecting a non-recycled portion of the volatiles; andcollecting the activated carbon.2. The method of wherein the feedstock comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of: coal claim 1 , municipal solid waste claim 1 , sewage claim 1 , wood waste claim 1 , biomass claim 1 , paper claim 1 , plastics claim 1 , hazardous waste claim 1 , tar claim 1 , pitch claim 1 , activated sludge claim 1 , rubber tires and oil-based residue.3. The method of wherein the superheated gas is heated to a temperature between 1000 degrees F. and 1500 degrees F.4. The method of wherein the superheated gas is heated to a temperature between 1000 degrees F. and 1200 degrees F.5. The method of wherein the superheated gas is natural gas.6. The method of wherein the natural gas is clean natural gas.7. The method of wherein the clean natural gas is recycled.8. The method of wherein the natural gas is medium BTU natural gas.9. The method of further comprising the step of vaporizing the volatiles sufficiently fast to activate the carbon.10. The method of further comprising the step of:floating the feedstock in the superheated gas.11. The method of further comprising the step of:co-mingling the activated carbon and volatiles.12. The method of further comprising the ...

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Номер записи: 50
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Arrangement and method for preparing a gas

Номер: US20190002777A1
Автор: Karvonen Teuvo
Принадлежит: ForestGas Oy

The invention relates to an arrangement for preparing a gas in a closable reactor by supplying the reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material, such as chips, in substantially oxygen-free conditions, by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature, and by recovering the gas generated in a gasification reaction. In that the arrangement the reactor has its interior defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve, especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome, biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's interior, the reactor's interior is supplied with free water/water vapor in its supercritical state, which is optionally prepared catalytically by splitting water/water vapor, the biomass or wood material is conveyed into a gasification space of the reactor's interior, which is in connection with the heated gasification dome and which is adapted to have existing conditions selected in a manner such that the water present in said gasification space is present in its supercritical state, and the gas generated in the gasification reaction is recovered. 13. An arrangement for preparing a gas (G) in a closable reactor () by supplying said reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material , such as chips , in substantially oxygen-free conditions , by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature , and by recovering the gas (G) generated in a gasification reaction (R) , wherein{'b': 3', '30', '24', '36, 'the reactor () has its interior () defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve (), especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome (),'}{'b': '3', "biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's () interior,"}{'b': '30', "the reactor's interior () is supplied with free ...

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Номер записи: 51
07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR LIQUEFYING HYDROCARBON STREAMS

Номер: US20160003526A1
Автор: Russeff Richard
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatuses for liquefying hydrocarbon streams are provided. In one embodiment, a method for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream includes expanding the hydrocarbon stream with a turbo expander to form an expanded hydrocarbon stream. The method includes compressing a first refrigerant with the turbo expander. Further, the method includes cooling the expanded hydrocarbon stream with the first refrigerant to form a liquid hydrocarbon stream. 1. A method for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream , the method comprising the steps of:expanding the hydrocarbon stream with a turbo expander to form an expanded hydrocarbon stream;compressing a first refrigerant with the turbo expander; andcooling the expanded hydrocarbon stream with the first refrigerant to form a liquid hydrocarbon stream.2. The method of further comprising separating the expanded hydrocarbon stream into a liquid stream and a vapor stream claim 1 , wherein cooling the expanded hydrocarbon stream with the first refrigerant comprises cooling the liquid stream and the vapor stream with the first refrigerant.3. The method of further comprising cooling the first refrigerant in a cooling cascade arrangement before cooling the expanded hydrocarbon stream with the first refrigerant.4. The method of further comprising cooling the first refrigerant with a second refrigerant before cooling the expanded hydrocarbon stream with the first refrigerant.5. The method of wherein compressing the first refrigerant with the turbo expander comprises compressing a mixed refrigerant with the turbo compressor.6. The method of further comprising cooling the first refrigerant with a second refrigerant before cooling the expanded hydrocarbon with the first refrigerant.7. The method of further comprising:cooling the first refrigerant with a second refrigerant before cooling the expanded hydrocarbon stream with the first refrigerant, wherein cooling the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant comprises exchanging heat from the ...

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Номер записи: 52
07-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LIQUEFYING NATURAL GAS EMPLOYING TURBO EXPANDER

Номер: US20160003527A1
Автор: ALLEN MARGARET, DEAN IRINA, PAK JOSEPH
Принадлежит: COSMODYNE, LLC

An improved system and method for liquefying natural gas employing liquid nitrogen is disclosed. The improved system and method lowers the nitrogen consumption rate by using an expander, for example, a radial inflow turbo-expander, on the nitrogen side. This reduction in nitrogen consumption rate substantially reduces system operating costs. 1. A natural gas liquefier system , comprising:a natural gas input coupled to a source of natural gas;a liquid nitrogen input coupled to a source of liquid nitrogen;a liquefier module coupled to receive the natural gas and liquid nitrogen and liquefy the natural gas by boiling the liquid nitrogen;a turbo expander module coupled to the liquefier module to receive the boiled gaseous nitrogen, cool the gaseous nitrogen by expansion and reintroduce the colder gaseous nitrogen into the liquefier module; anda liquefied natural gas output coupled to the liquefier module.2. A natural gas liquefier system as set out in claim 1 , wherein the turbo expander module comprises a turbo expander coupled to the liquefier module in a closed loop.3. A natural gas liquefier system as set out in claim 1 , wherein the liquefier module comprises at least one heat exchanger.4. A natural gas liquefier system as set out in claim 3 , wherein the at least one heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger claim 3 , wherein the second heat exchanger is coupled to the liquid nitrogen source and liquefies the natural gas by boiling the liquid nitrogen and outputs liquefied natural gas to the liquefied natural gas output and outputs boiled gaseous nitrogen to the first heat exchanger claim 3 , and wherein the turbo expander is coupled in a closed loop to the first heat exchanger.5. A natural gas liquefier system as set out in claim 4 , wherein the first heat exchanger has first and second inputs for receiving gaseous nitrogen at a different temperature and different pressure from the second heat exchanger and expander claim 4 , ...

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Номер записи: 53
07-01-2016 дата публикации

STATION FOR REDUCING GAS PRESSURE AND LIQUEFYING GAS

Номер: US20160003528A1
Автор: MARCUCCILLI Frederic, Pages Guillaume
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a station comprising an expansion turbine means for recovering mechanical work (G) produced during the gas pressure reduction in the expansion turbine; a cooling system () comprising compression means (C C C), condensation means () for liquefying gas (G) using the cold provided by the cooling system, means for recovering heat produced by the compression means (C C C) of the cooling system and means () for heating the gas upstream of the expansion turbine that are associated with the heat-recovery means. 111-. (canceled)12. A station for reducing the pressure (PLD) of a gas and for liquefying the gas , comprising:{'b': '12', 'an expansion turbine ();'}means for recovering mechanical work (WM) produced during reduction of pressure of the gas;{'b': 1', '2', '3, 'a refrigeration system comprising compression means (C, C, C);'}{'b': '14', 'condensation means () for liquefying the gas; and'}{'b': 1', '2', '3', '10', '110', '12, 'means for recovering heat (Q) produced by the compression means (C, C, C; C) of the refrigeration system; the compression means associated with means (; ) for heating the gas upstream of the expansion turbine ().'}13191214. The station according to claim , further comprising a branch pipeline (G) downstream of the expansion turbine () for supplying the condensation means ().1411412310. The station according to claim , wherein said station comprises a closed loop between the condensation means () , the compression means (C , C , C; C) and the heating means () for the gas.151123141010110. The station according to claim , wherein said station comprises a first closed loop between the compression means (C , C , C) , the condensation means () and at least one intermediate heat exchanger (); and a second closed loop , between the at least one intermediate heat exchanger () and the heating means () for the gas.16. The station according to claim 15 , wherein the first closed loop comprises a first heat transfer fluid claim 15 , ...

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Номер записи: 54
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Natural Gas Liquefaction Process

Номер: US20160003529A1
Автор: Feist Raymond Scott, Minta Moses, Stone John B.
Принадлежит:

The described invention relates to processes and systems for treating a gas stream, particularly one rich in methane for forming liquefied natural gas (LNG), said process including: (a) providing a gas stream; (b) providing a refrigerant; (c) compressing said refrigerant to provide a compressed refrigerant; (d) cooling said compressed refrigerant by indirect heat exchange with a cooling fluid; (e) expanding the refrigerant of (d) to cool said refrigerant, thereby producing an expanded, cooled refrigerant; (f) passing said expanded, cooled refrigerant to a first heat exchange area; (g) compressing the gas stream of (a) to a pressure of from greater than or equal to 1,000 psia to less than or equal to 4,500 psia; (h) cooling said compressed gas stream by indirect heat exchange with an external cooling fluid; and heat exchanging the compressed gas stream with the expanded, cooled refrigerant stream. 1. A process for liquefying a gas stream , said process comprising:(a) providing said gas stream at a pressure of from 600-1,000 psia (4137-6895 kPa) as a feed gas stream;(b) providing a refrigerant at a pressure of less than 1,000 psia (6895 kPa);(c) compressing said refrigerant to a pressure greater than or equal to 1500 to 5000 psia (10352 to 34474 kPa) to produce a compressed refrigerant;(d) cooling said compressed refrigerant by indirect heat exchange with a cooling fluid;(e) expanding the compressed refrigerant of (d) to cool said compressed refrigerant, to produce an expanded, cooled refrigerant at a pressure of from greater than or equal to 100 psia (689 kPa) to less than or equal to 1,000 psia (6895 kPa);(f) passing said expanded, cooled refrigerant to a first heat exchange area;(g) compressing the feed gas stream of (a) to a pressure of from greater than or equal to 1,200 psia (8,274 kPa) to less than or equal to 4,500 psia (31026 kPa) to produce a compressed feed gas stream;(h) cooling said compressed feed gas stream by indirect heat exchange with an external ...

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Номер записи: 55
04-01-2018 дата публикации

CONFIGURATIONS AND METHODS FOR SMALL SCALE LNG PRODUCTION

Номер: US20180003429A1
Автор: Mak John
Принадлежит:

An LNG plant comprises a cold box and a refrigeration unit fluidly coupled with a plurality of heat exchanger passes in the cold box. The refrigeration unit is configured to provide a first refrigerant stream to a first heat exchanger pass of the plurality of heat exchanger passes at a first pressure, a second refrigerant stream to a second heat exchanger pass at a second pressure, and a third refrigerant stream to a third heat exchanger pass at a third pressure. The second refrigerant stream comprises a first portion of the first refrigerant stream, and the third refrigerant stream comprises a second portion of the first refrigerant stream. The second pressure and the third pressure are both below the first pressure. The cold box is configured to produce LNG from a natural gas feed stream to the cold box using a refrigeration content from the refrigeration unit. 1. An LNG plant comprising:a cold box comprising a plurality of heat exchanger passes; and a first compressor unit configured to compress a refrigerant to produce a compressed refrigerant at a first pressure;', 'a first heat exchanger pass of the plurality of heat exchanger passes, wherein the first heat exchanger pass is configured to pass the compressed refrigerant through the cold box to cool the compressed refrigerant;', 'a splitter configured to separate the cooled, compressed refrigerant into a first portion and a second portion;', 'a first expander configured to receive the first portion from the splitter and expand the first portion to a second pressure, wherein the second pressure is less than the first pressure;', 'a second expander configured to receive the second portion from the splitter and expand the second portion to a third pressure, wherein the third pressure is less than the second pressure;', 'a second heat exchanger pass of the plurality of heat exchanger passes configured to pass the first portion at the second pressure through the cold box;', 'a third heat exchanger pass of the ...

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Номер записи: 56
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Mixed Refrigerant Liquefaction System and Method

Номер: US20180003430A1
Автор: Ducote, Glanville Mark R., Gushanas Timothy P., JR. DOUGLAS A.
Принадлежит:

A system for liquefying a gas includes a liquefaction heat exchanger having a feed gas inlet adapted to receive a feed gas and a liquefied gas outlet through which the liquefied gas exits after the gas is liquefied in the liquefying passage of the heat exchanger by heat exchange with a primary refrigeration passage. A mixed refrigerant compressor system is configured to provide refrigerant to the primary refrigeration passage. An expander separator is in communication with the liquefied gas outlet of the liquefaction heat exchanger, and a cold gas line is in fluid communication with the expander separator. A cold recovery heat exchanger receives cold vapor from the cold gas line and liquid refrigerant from the mixed refrigerant compressor system so that the refrigerant is cooled using the cold vapor. 1. A system for removing freezing components from a feed gas comprising:a. a feed gas line having an inlet adapted to communicate with a source of feed gas and an outlet;b. an expander having an inlet in communication with the outlet of the feed gas line and an outlet, said expander operatively connected to a loading device;c. a heavy hydrocarbon removal heat exchanger having a feed gas cooling passage with an inlet adapted to communicate with the outlet of the expander, a return vapor passage and a reflux cooling passage; i) a feed gas inlet in communication with an outlet of the feed gas cooling passage of the heat exchanger;', 'ii) a return vapor outlet in communication with an inlet of the return vapor passage of the heat exchanger;', 'iii) a reflux vapor outlet in communication with an inlet of the reflux cooling passage of the heat exchanger;', 'iv) a reflux mixed phase inlet in communication with an outlet of the reflux cooling passage of the heat exchanger;, 'd. a scrub device havinge. a reflux liquid component passage having an inlet and an outlet in communication with the scrub device;f. said scrub device configured to vaporize a reflux liquid component stream ...

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Номер записи: 57
02-01-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LIQUEFYING A NATURAL GAS AND SHIP COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE

Номер: US20200003488A1
Автор: GUEDACHA Hicham
Принадлежит:

The device () for liquefying a natural gas comprises: —a first centrifugal compressor (), —a fractionating means (), —a second centrifugal compressor (), —a first heat exchange body (), —a second heat exchange body () and —a return conduit () leading to the first compressor, —upstream of an inlet () in the first exchange body, a third heat exchange body (), —a third centrifugal compressor (), the first and third centrifugal compressors being actuated by a single common turbine (), —a casing () common to the first compressor and the third compressor, —a cooling means () and —a transfer conduit () leading to the third exchange body. 2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the turbine actuating the first and third compressors are coupled mechanically.3. A device according to claim 2 , wherein the turbines are combined.4. A device according to claim 1 , which comprises:a separator of a gas fraction and a liquid fraction of the compressed light phase, the fourth compressor compressing the separated gas fraction,a regulator for the liquid fraction of the light phase heated in the second exchange body,the turbine of the fourth compressor being actuated by the expansion energy.5. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the second chemical compound comprises a pure substance comprising nitrogen claim 1 , propane and/or ammonia.6. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the first cooling mixture comprises nitrogen and methane and at least one compound amongst:ethylene;ethane;propane; and/orbutane.7. A device according to claim 1 , which comprises:a regulator for the liquefied natural gas,a collector for the evaporation gas produced during the expansion of the gas in the regulator, anda conduit for injecting the evaporation gas at the inlet of the second exchange body.8. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the means for cooling the second compound comprises an outlet for the second compound claim 1 , the device comprising claim 1 , between said outlet and the third ...

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Номер записи: 58
02-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR AIR COOLED, LARGE SCALE, FLOATING LNG PRODUCTION WITH LIQUEFACTION GAS AS ONLY REFRIGERANT

Номер: US20200003489A1
Автор: CHRISTENSEN Tor, Eckbo Pål Leo
Принадлежит: Global LNG Services AS

A method for large scale, air-cooled floating liquefaction, storage and offloading of natural gas gathered from onshore gas pipeline networks, where gas gathered from on-shore pipeline quality gas sources and pre-treated to remove unwanted compounds, is compressed and cooled onshore, before being piped to an offshore vessel for liquefaction to produce LNG, is described. 1. A method for large scale , air cooled floating liquefaction , storage and offloading of natural gas , the method comprising:a) Gas gathering from on-shore sources and treating the gas on shore by removal of mercury, removal of acid gas, dehydration and removal of C6+ hydrocarbons,b) on-shore compression and cooling of the treated gas;c) piping of the compressed gas from onshore to an offshore pipeline end manifold;d) piping of gas from the pipeline end manifold to an offshore ship shaped, external turret moored vessel;e) reception of the gas on the vessel via a swivel mounted on the turret;f) distribution of the gas to three parallel liquefaction trains on the vessel;g) gas liquefaction by methane refrigerant and subsequent flash;h) cooling the gas from compressors by heat exchange with water;i) heating the cooling water to 80° C. or higher downstream process heat exchangers;j) cooling of the cooling water by heat exchange with air in air coolers:k) air coolers mounted on at least three mechanically independent cantilevers, in total extending at least 50% of the vessel length;l) recycling the cooled cooling water to process heat exchangers;m) gas turbine air intakes for liquefaction and utilities located on the opposite side of the air cooler cantilevers;n) sending LNG that is not completely stabilized to storage tanks;o) storing produced LNG in multiple smaller membrane tanks onboard the vessel;p) flashing LNG in the storage tanks;q) gas offloading to LNG tank vessels while the liquefaction processes are in full production.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gas offloading is done by ...

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Номер записи: 59
12-01-2017 дата публикации

Mixed Refrigerant System and Method

Номер: US20170010043A1
Автор: Ducote, JR. DOUGLAS A., Podolski James
Принадлежит:

A system and method for cooling a gas using a mixed refrigerant includes a compressor system and a heat exchange system, where the compressor system may include an interstage separation device or drum with no liquid outlet, a liquid outlet in fluid communication with a pump that pumps liquid forward to a high pressure separation device or a liquid outlet through which liquid flows to the heat exchanger to be subcooled. In the last situation, the subcooled liquid is expanded and combined with an expanded cold temperature stream, which is a cooled and expanded stream from the vapor side of a cold vapor separation device, and subcooled and expanded streams from liquid sides of the high pressure separation device and the cold vapor separation device, or combined with a stream formed from the subcooled streams from the liquid sides of the high pressure separation device and the cold vapor separation device after mixing and expansion, to form a primary refrigeration stream. 1. A system for cooling a gas with a mixed refrigerant comprising:a. a main heat exchanger including a warm end and a cold end with a feed stream cooling passage extending therebetween, the feed stream cooling passage being adapted to receive a feed stream at the warm end and to convey a cooled product stream out of the cold end, said main heat exchanger also including a low pressure liquid cooling passage, a high pressure vapor cooling passage, a high pressure liquid cooling passage, a cold separator vapor cooling passage, a cold separator liquid cooling passage and a refrigeration passage;b. a mixed refrigerant compressor system including a compressor first section having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the refrigeration passage and an outlet, a first section cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the compressor first section and an outlet, an interstage separation device having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the first section cooler and ...

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Номер записи: 60
08-01-2015 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION APPARATUS AND HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION PROCESS

Номер: US20150011662A1
Автор: Arai Shinya
Принадлежит:

The hydrocarbon production apparatus is provided with a gas-liquid separator for cooling gaseous state hydrocarbons drawn out from a gas phase portion of a reactor for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and liquefying a portion of the hydrocarbons. A light liquid hydrocarbon supply line for supplying light hydrocarbons is disposed between a downstream side line which is downstream from the last stage of a gas-liquid separating unit of the gas-liquid separator, and an upstream side line which is upstream from the last stage of the gas-liquid separating unit of the gas-liquid separator, wherein the downstream side line is a liquid hydrocarbon line on the downstream side through which the light hydrocarbons having cloud points lower than the temperature at an outlet of a cooler in the last stage of the gas-liquid separating unit are flowed. 1. A hydrocarbon production apparatus which retains internally slurry containing catalyst particles and liquid hydrocarbons to produce hydrocarbons by using a slurry bubble column reactor having a gas phase portion at an upper part of the slurry according to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction , the hydrocarbon production apparatus comprising:a gas-liquid separator having a plurality of gas-liquid separating units for cooling hydrocarbons which have been drawn out from the gas phase portion of the reactor and are in a gaseous state under conditions inside the reactor, thereby liquefying a portion of the hydrocarbons to conduct gas-liquid separation, whereineach of the plurality of gas-liquid separating units is provided with:a cooler;a gas-liquid separation vessel;a downstream side line which is downstream from the last stage of the gas-liquid separating unit of the gas-liquid separator, wherein a light liquid hydrocarbon line on the downstream side therein which light liquid hydrocarbons having cloud points lower than a temperature at an outlet of the cooler in the last stage of the gas-liquid separating unit are flowed ...

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Номер записи: 61
14-01-2016 дата публикации

AIR-COOLED MODULAR LNG PRODUCTION FACILITY

Номер: US20160010916A1
Автор: Byfield Geoffrey Brian
Принадлежит:

A liquefied natural gas production plant for producing a product stream of liquefied natural gas installed at a production location and a process for producing liquefied natural gas includes a plurality of modules and an air-cooled heat exchanger bank designed for the installed production train. The heat exchanger bank includes a first row of air-cooled heat exchanger bays, and an adjacent parallel second row of air-cooled heat exchanger bays. 1. A liquefied natural gas production process for producing a product stream of liquefied natural gas at a production location , said process comprising:a) designing a plurality of modules for installation at the production location to form an installed production train, each module having a module base for mounting a plurality of plant equipment associated with a selected function associated with the production of liquefied natural gas, said selected function being assigned to said module, the plurality of modules including a first module assigned to perform a first selected function, and, a second module assigned to perform a second selected function;(b) designing an air-cooled heat exchanger bank for the installed production train, the heat exchanger bank including: a first row of air-cooled heat exchanger bays, and, an adjacent parallel second row of air-cooled heat exchanger bays;(c) arranging a first sub-section of the first row of heat exchanger bays at an elevated level vertically offset from and towards a first edge of a first module base to form a covered section of the first module base, the first module base being designed and sized to include an uncovered section for mounting a selected piece of process equipment, wherein the first module includes the first sub-section of the first row of heat exchanger bays without including a sub-section of the second row of heat exchanger bays;(d) arranging a first sub-section of the second row of heat exchanger bays at an elevated level vertically offset from and towards a ...

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Номер записи: 62
15-01-2015 дата публикации

Apparatus And Method For Liquefying Natural Gas By Refrigerating Single Mixed Working Medium

Номер: US20150013378A1
Автор: He Zhenyong, LIU Limei, Wang Guiqi
Принадлежит: XINDI ENERGY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

A system and a method for liquefying natural gas using single mixed refrigerant as refrigeration medium are provided. The system comprises a two-stage mixed refrigerant compressor (), coolers (), gas-liquid separators (), throttling devices (), a plate-fin heat exchanger group () and a LNG storage tank (). The method of the present invention reduces the power consumption for gas compression by compressing and separating the mixed refrigerant stage by stage. The heat exchange curves of cold fluid and hot fluid in the total heat exchange process match with each other better by the aid of using multiple-stage heat exchange, which can reduce the flow of the mixed refrigerant. Further, the system of the present invention has a good adaptability to load-variable operation of the apparatus, and thus can effectively avoid abnormal liquid-flooding at the bottom of the cold box. 1. A system for liquefying natural gas using single mixed refrigerant as refrigeration medium comprising a mixed refrigerant compressor system and a cold box system , wherein:the mixed refrigerant compressor system comprises:a two-stage mixed refrigerant compressor;a first cooler and a second cooler respectively connected to the first stage and the second stage of the two-stage mixed refrigerant compressor;a first gas-liquid separator and a second gas-liquid separator respectively connected to the first cooler and the second cooler; anda liquid pump connected to the first stage gas-liquid separator,and the cold box system comprises:a plate-fin heat exchanger group comprising at least six heat exchange passages, i.e., the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth heat exchange passages, wherein the inlet ends of the first and second heat exchange passages are respectively connected to the gas phase port and liquid phase port of the second gas-liquid separator via two pipelines, and the outlet end of the third heat exchange passage are connected to the first stage compressor by pipeline;a first ...

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Номер записи: 63
15-01-2015 дата публикации

LNG Formation

Номер: US20150013379A1
Автор: Oelfke Russell H.
Принадлежит:

Systems and a method for the formation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) are disclosed herein. The system includes a refrigeration system configured to chill a natural gas using a refrigerant mixture including a noble gas. The system also includes an autorefrigeration system configured to use the natural g self-refrigerant to form the LNG from the natural gas. 1. A system for formation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) , comprising:a refrigeration system configured to chill a natural gas using a refrigerant mixture comprising a noble gas; andan autorefrigeration system configured to use the natural gas as a self-refrigerant to form the LNG from the natural gas.2. The system of claim 1 , comprising a first refrigeration system configured to cool the natural gas using a non-hydrocarbon refrigerant prior to flowing the natural gas into the refrigeration system.3. The system of claim 1 , comprising a nitrogen recovery unit upstream of the autorefrigeration system.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to chill the natural gas for hydrocarbon dew point control.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to chill the natural gas for natural gas liquid (NGL) extraction.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to separate methane and lighter gases from carbon dioxide and heavier gases.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to prepare hydrocarbons for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) production storage.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to condense a reflux stream.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant mixture comprises xenon or krypton claim 1 , or any combination thereof.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant mixture comprises xenon claim 1 , krypton claim 1 , argon claim 1 , or nitrogen claim 1 , or any combinations thereof.11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the refrigeration system comprises a mechanical refrigeration system claim 1 , valve expansion ...

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Номер записи: 64
03-02-2022 дата публикации

LARGE LIQUID OXYGEN AND LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS

Номер: US20220034584A1
Автор: Guillard Alain, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит:

A process for co-producing a liquid oxygen and a liquefied hydrocarbon stream, including introducing a gaseous hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous nitrogen stream into a liquefier, thereby producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream and a liquid nitrogen stream, liquefying a gaseous oxygen stream, wherein at least a portion of the required refrigeration is obtained from the liquid nitrogen stream. Wherein the liquefied hydrocarbon stream and the liquefied gaseous oxygen stream have mass flow rates. The liquid oxygen stream may be produced in an aft separation unit, wherein at least a portion of the required refrigeration is obtained from the liquid nitrogen stream. 1. A process for co-producing a liquid oxygen and a liquefied hydrocarbon stream , comprising:introducing a gaseous hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous nitrogen stream into a liquefier, thereby producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream and a liquid nitrogen stream,liquefying a gaseous oxygen stream, wherein at least a portion of he required refrigeration is obtained from the liquid nitrogen stream, wherein the liquefied hydrocarbon stream and the liquefied gaseous oxygen stream have mass flow rates.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of mass flow rates of the liquefied gaseous oxygen stream and the liquefied hydrocarbon stream is between 2 to 5.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of mass flow rates of the liquefied gaseous oxygen stream and the liquefied hydrocarbon stream is between 3 to 4.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the liquefier uses a dual refrigerant liquefaction process claim 1 , comprising a first refrigerant and a secondary refrigerant.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the first refrigerant is nitrogen or neon or a mixture of neon and nitrogen.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the secondary refrigerant is a hydrocarbon mixed refrigerant.7. A process for co-producing a liquid oxygen and a liquefied hydrocarbon stream claim 4 , comprising:introducing a gaseous hydrocarbon ...

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Номер записи: 65
21-01-2016 дата публикации

Gas Production from an Oil Feedstock

Номер: US20160017247A1
Автор: Conz Richard, Lynch Christopher, Marton Scott, Rodriguez Mike
Принадлежит:

A system for producing a gas includes a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock that is oil-based and at least one set of electrodes in which an electric arc is formed between the electrodes. The system includes a mechanism for exposing the feedstock to a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into a gas. The gas comprises from 50-60% hydrogen, from 9-16% ethane, from 8-12% carbon monoxide, from 5-12% ethylene, from 3-8% methane, from 2-3% other trace gases, and from 1-2% carbon dioxide (all % Vol/Vol). 1. A system for producing a gas , the system comprising:a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock comprising oil and at least one set of electrodes;an electric arc formed between the electrodes;means for exposing the feedstock to a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into the gas;means for controlling the electric arc;means for collecting the gas; andmeans for replenishing the feedstock within the pressure vessel.2. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is vegetable oil.3. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is animal oil.4. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used vegetable oil.5. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used animal oil.6. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is petroleum-based oil.7. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used petroleum-based oil.8. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used motor oil.9. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the gas comprises:from 50-60% hydrogen by % Vol/Vol;from 9-16% ethane by % Vol/Vol;from 8-12% carbon monoxide by % Vol/Vol;from 5-12% ethylene by % Vol/Vol,from 3-8% methane by % Vol/Vol; andfrom 1-2% carbon dioxide by % Vol/Vol.10. A gas produced by passing exposing an oil to a plasma of an electric arc claim ...

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Номер записи: 66
18-01-2018 дата публикации

Refining assemblies and refining methods for rich natural gas

Номер: US20180016508A1
Автор: David J Edlund
Принадлежит: ELEMENT 1 CORP

Refining assemblies and methods for refining rich natural gas containing a first methane gas and other hydrocarbons that are heavier than methane gas are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a methane-producing assembly configured to receive at least one liquid-containing feed stream that includes water and rich natural gas and to produce an output stream therefrom by (a) converting at least a substantial portion of the other hydrocarbons of the rich natural gas with the water to a second methane gas, a lesser portion of the water, and other gases, and (b) allowing at least a substantial portion of the first methane gas from the rich natural gas to pass through the methane-producing assembly unconverted. The assemblies may additionally include a purification assembly configured to receive the output stream and to produce a methane-rich stream therefrom having a greater methane concentration than the output stream.

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Номер записи: 67
18-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING DOWN A CRYOGENIC HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD OF LIQUEFYING A HYDROCARBON STREAM

Номер: US20180017320A1
Автор: BAHARI Yang Kholijah, JARUWATTANACHAI Preeda
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for cooling down a cryogenic heat exchanger adapted to liquefy a hydrocarbon stream, such as a natural gas stream. The method comprises: (i) receiving one or more refrigerant temperature indications, providing an indication of the temperature of the refrigerant, (ii) comparing the one or more refrigerant temperature indications with one or more associated predetermined threshold values, and (iii) based on the outcome of the comparison under (ii) selecting one of an automated warm cooling down procedure of the cryogenic heat exchanger and an automated cold cooling down procedure of the cryogenic heat exchanger. 1. Apparatus for cooling down a cryogenic heat exchanger adapted to liquefy a hydrocarbon stream , such as a natural gas stream , which cryogenic heat exchanger is arranged to receive the hydrocarbon stream to be liquefied and a refrigerant , to exchange heat between the hydrocarbon stream and the refrigerant , thereby at least partially liquefying the hydrocarbon stream , and to discharge the at least partially liquefied hydrocarbon stream and spent refrigerant that has passed through the cryogenic heat exchanger , the apparatus comprisinga refrigerant recirculation circuit to recirculate spent refrigerant back to the cryogenic heat exchanger, the refrigerant recirculation circuit comprising at least a compressor, a compressor recycle valve, a cooler, and a first JT valve; (i) receive one or more refrigerant temperature indications, providing an indication of the temperature of the refrigerant,', '(ii) compare the one or more refrigerant temperature indications with one or more associated predetermined threshold values, and', '(iii) based on the outcome of the comparison under (ii) select one of an automated warm cooling down procedure of the cryogenic heat exchanger and an automated cold cooling down procedure of the cryogenic heat exchanger., 'a programmable controller arranged to perform a comparison ...

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Номер записи: 68
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Method of cooling boil off gas and an apparatus therefor

Номер: US20140102133A1
Автор: Alan Roderick Duckett
Принадлежит: Babcock Integrated Technology Ltd

The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for cooling, preferably liquefying a boil off gas (BOG) stream from a liquefied cargo in a floating transportation vessel, said liquefied cargo having a boiling point of greater than −110° C. at 1 atmosphere and comprising a plurality of components, said method comprising at least the steps of: compressing a boil off gas stream ( 01 ) from said liquefied cargo in two or more stages of compression comprising at least a first stage ( 65 ) and a final stage ( 75 ) to provide a compressed BOG discharge stream ( 06 ), wherein said first stage ( 65 ) of compression has a first stage discharge pressure and said final stage ( 75 ) of compression has a final stage suction pressure and one or more intermediate, optionally cooled, compressed BOG streams ( 02, 03, 04 ) are provided between consecutive stages of compression; cooling the compressed BOG discharge stream ( 06 ) to provide a cooled vent stream ( 51 ) and a cooled compressed BOG stream ( 08 ); expanding, optionally after further cooling, a portion of the cooled compressed BOG stream ( 08 ) to a pressure between that of the first stage discharge pressure and the final stage suction pressure to provide an expanded cooled BOG stream ( 33 ); heat exchanging the expanded cooled BOG stream ( 33 ) against the cooled vent stream ( 51 ) to provide a further cooled vent stream ( 53 ).

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Номер записи: 69
16-01-2020 дата публикации

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS

Номер: US20200017422A1
Автор: KRAMER Andrew, LAMONT David, SEABA James
Принадлежит:

Aspects of the invention relate to improvements in the flexibility with which oxygen and hydrogen, for example from electrolysis, may be supplied to processes having both gasification and methanation steps, as well as improvements in how such processes may be operated in response to variations in carbonaceous feeds. Offsets, between the ideal quantity of hydrogen and the quantity available from a given source may be compensated for by adjusting one or more operations of the process, and in particular such operation(s) that ultimately impact the quantity of CO and/or COavailable downstream of the gasifier for conversion to methane in an RNG product stream. 1. A process for producing methane , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'in a gasifier, contacting a carbonaceous feed with an oxygen-containing gasifier feed to provide a gasifier effluent comprising CO, COand H;'}{'sub': '2', 'in a methanation reactor, reacting electrolysis hydrogen, obtained from an electrolyzer, with at least a portion of the CO and/or COin the gasifier effluent to form methane,'}{'sub': '2', 'adjusting an operation of the process, affecting a methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or a methanation reactor inlet COconcentration, in response to a makeup quantity of the electrolysis hydrogen.'}2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a methane product as claim 1 , or recovering the methane product from claim 1 , a methanation reactor effluent.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the operation of the process claim 1 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 1 , (i) consumes or produces CO or COin the process claim 1 , or (ii) adds or removes CO or COin the process.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the operation of the process claim 3 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 3 , is a sour shift operation that consumes CO and ...

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Номер записи: 70
16-01-2020 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ACTIVE CLOUD POINT ADJUSTMENT AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES

Номер: US20200017741A1
Автор: Novek Ethan J.
Принадлежит:

The present invention pertains to systems, methods, and compositions for liquid phase change, including for active cloud point, e.g., critical solution temperature, adjustment and heating or cooling, e.g., refrigeration, cycles. In some embodiments heat is absorbed, released or both due to phase changes in a liquid system. Advantageously, the phase changes may be controlled by controlling the ingredients or amounts of certain components of the liquid system. Advantages may include lower capital expenditures, lower operating expenses, or both for a diverse and wide range of heating and cooling applications. Such applications include, for example, cooling of data centers, cooled transportation of goods, refrigeration, heat pumps, extractions, ocean thermal energy conversion, and de-icing of roads to name just a few. 2. The process of wherein said dissolving comprises pressure retarded osmosis claim 1 , or forward osmosis claim 1 , or osmotically assisted reverse osmosis claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The process of further comprising separating at least a portion of said first and said second liquid phase.4. The process of wherein said separating comprises non-contiguous separating.5. The process of further comprising heating said first or said second liquid phase above a phase transition temperature of the composition before or during said dissolving.6. The process of further comprising separating at least a portion of said first and said second liquid phase and then heating said first or said second liquid phase above a phase transition temperature of the composition.7. The process of wherein the wherein the temperature of phase transitioning is adjusted by adjusting the concentration of a reagent.8. The process of wherein said adjusting is reversible.9. The process of wherein the first liquid phase comprises a draw solution and the second liquid phase comprises a feed solution;wherein the draw solution comprises a reagent with a molecular weight or hydration ...

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Номер записи: 71
22-01-2015 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR UNDERWATER GAS PRESSURIZATION AND LIQUEFACTION

Номер: US20150020541A1
Автор: BRODT Alexander
Принадлежит: S.G.B.D. TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Underwater gas pressurization units and liquefaction systems, as well as pressurization and liquefaction methods are provided. Gas is compressed hydraulically by a rising pressurization liquid that is separated from the gas by a water immiscible liquid layer on top of an aqueous salt solution. Tall vessels are used to reach a high compression ratio that lowers the liquefaction temperature. The pressurizing liquid is delivered gravitationally, after gasification, transport to smaller water depths and condensation. Cooling units are used to liquefy the compressed gas. A cascade of compression and cooling units may be used with sequentially higher liquefaction temperatures, which allow eventual cooling by sea water. The pressurizing liquid, dimensions of the vessels, the delivery unit, the coolants and the implementation of the cooling units are selected according to the sea location, to enable natural gas liquefaction in proximity to the gas source. 1. An underwater gas pressurization unit comprising:at least one vertical vessel arranged to receive gas through a top of the vessel and a pressurizing liquid through a bottom of the vessel, and further comprising a layer of water-immiscible liquid upon a layer of aqueous salt solution,wherein a density of the pressurizing liquid is higher than a density of aqueous salt solution, which is in turn higher than a density of the water-immiscible liquid, to maintain the layer of aqueous salt solution on top of the pressurizing liquid and to maintain the layer of water-immiscible liquid on top of the layer of aqueous salt solution, anda valve system arranged to pressurize the gas by introducing the pressurizing liquid into the vessel, evacuate the pressurized gas through the top of the vertical vessel upon reaching a specified pressure and introduce gas into the vessel by evacuating the pressurizing liquid through the bottom of the vertical vessel.2. The underwater gas pressurization unit of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

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Номер записи: 72
22-01-2015 дата публикации

UNDERWATER GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT METHODS AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20150020542A1
Автор: BRODT Alexander
Принадлежит: S.G.B.D. TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Underwater gas pressurization units and liquefaction systems, as well as pressurization and liquefaction methods and gas field development methods are provided. Gas is compressed hydraulically by seawater introduced into vessels and separated from the gas by a water immiscible liquid layer. Tall, possibly vertical helical vessels are used to reach a high compression ratio that lowers the liquefaction temperature. Cooling units are used to liquefy the compressed gas, possibly by a coolant which is itself pressurized by a similar mechanism. The coolant may be selected to be liquefied under surrounding seawater temperatures. The seawater which is used to pressurize the gas may be used after evacuation from the vessels to pressurize intrastratal gas in the production stages and broaden the gas field development. 1. An underwater gas pressurization unit comprising:at least one vessel arranged to receive gas through a top of the vessel and seawater through a bottom of the vessel, and further comprising a layer of water-immiscible liquid separating between the gas and the seawater, the water-immiscible liquid selected to have a density which is intermediate between a density of the gas and a density of the seawater; anda valve system arranged to pressurize the gas by introducing the seawater into the vessel, evacuate the pressurized gas through the top of the vessel upon reaching a specified pressure and introduce gas into the vessel by evacuating the seawater through the bottom of the vessel.2. The underwater gas pressurization unit of claim 1 , comprising at least one pair of reciprocally operating vessels claim 1 , wherein one of the vessels in the at least one pair pressurizes gas while the other vessel receives gas.3. The underwater gas pressurization unit of claim 1 , wherein the at least one vessel is shaped as a vertical helix.4. The underwater gas pressurization unit of claim 1 , wherein the water-immiscible liquid comprises aliphatic or aromatic organic compounds ...

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Номер записи: 73
26-01-2017 дата публикации

PSEUDO-ISOTHERMAL REACTOR

Номер: US20170021322A1
Автор: BOE Michael, Helbo Hansen Anders, Wix Christian
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoes A/S

The present disclosure relates in a broad form to a pseudo-isothermal flow reactor () for an exothermal reaction comprising at least two reaction enclosures () and a cooling medium enclosure () configured to hold a cooling medium under pressure at the boiling point of said cooling medium, said reaction enclosures () having an outer surface configured to be in thermal contact with the cooling medium, and each of said reaction enclosures () having an inlet and an outlet with the associated benefit of enabling a two-stage pseudo-isothermal operation while only requiring a single cooling medium enclosure () and only single cooling medium circuit. 1. A pseudo-isothermal flow reactor for an exothermal reaction comprising at least two reaction enclosures and a cooling medium enclosure configured to hold a cooling medium under pressure at the boiling point of said cooling medium , said reaction enclosures having an outer surface configured to be in thermal contact with the cooling medium , each of said reaction enclosures having a reaction enclosure inlet and a reaction enclosure outlet and said cooling medium enclosure having a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet and each of said inlets and outlets being individually connectable.2. A reactor according to further comprising a catalytically active material inside at least 50% or 80% of the volume of at least one reaction enclosure.3. A reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising an inlet manifold wherein at least one of said first reaction enclosure and said second reaction enclosure comprises a multitude of reaction tubes claim 1 , such as at least 2 claim 1 , 50 claim 1 , 100 or 1000 reaction tubes claim 1 , each tube having a tube inlet in fluid connection with said inlet manifold claim 1 , which is configured to receive a fluid stream from said reaction enclosure inlet and to distribute said fluid stream between the tube inlets of said multitude of reaction tubes.4. A reactor according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 74
28-01-2016 дата публикации

Alcohol Reformer for Reforming Alcohol to Mixture of Gas Including Hydrogen

Номер: US20160023898A1
Автор: Morgenstern David A., Ralph Brian Odell, Sall Erik D., Smith Roger C.
Принадлежит:

Reforming alcohol is disclosed. Alcohol is introduced into a conduit of an alcohol reformer so that the alcohol flows through a catalyst stage within the conduit. The catalyst stage includes an alcohol reforming catalyst, and a heat transfer member comprising thermally conductive material. The heat transfer member is in thermal contact with the conduit and the alcohol reforming catalyst. Simultaneously, exhaust gas is introduced from an internal combustion engine into an exhaust channel. The exhaust gas in the exhaust channel contacts fins extending outward from the conduit so that heat from the exhaust gas is transferred through the fins, the conduit, and the heat transfer member to the alcohol reforming catalyst. 1. An alcohol reformer comprising:a conduit including a wall having an exterior surface and an interior surface at least partially defining an interior chamber through which alcohol vapor flows along an alcohol flow path, the conduit wall comprising a thermally conductive material;a plurality of fins extending generally radially outward from the exterior surface of the conduit wall, the fins comprising thermally conductive material, wherein the fins and the conduit wall are in thermal contact; an alcohol reforming catalyst, and', 'a heat transfer member comprising thermally conductive material, wherein the heat transfer member is in thermal contact with the conduit wall and the alcohol reforming catalyst, whereby heat is transferable from the plurality of fins to the alcohol reforming catalyst to enable reforming of the alcohol vapor as it flows through the catalyst stage., 'a catalyst stage in the interior chamber of the conduit, wherein the catalyst stage is configured to allow alcohol vapor to flow through the catalyst stage along the alcohol flow path, the catalyst stage including'}2. The alcohol reformer set forth in claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer member of the catalyst stage comprises at least one of metal wool claim 1 , foam claim 1 , and mesh ...

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Номер записи: 75
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR RECOVERING NATURAL GAS USING NITROGEN REJECTION UNITS

Номер: US20160024900A1
Автор: Kibili Martin, Naumovitz Joseph
Принадлежит:

A method and system for enhanced oil recovery by performing the steps of feeding a mixture of nitrogen from a primary nitrogen supply and an optional supplemental nitrogen supply into an oil field; separating recovered oil from a gas mixture comprising nitrogen, natural gas and C2+ hydrocarbons; feeding the gas mixture to a nitrogen rejection unit operating at elevated pressures; and recovering the nitrogen, natural gas and C2+ hydrocarbons. A method for the recovery of natural gas is also described herein. 1. A method for enhanced oil recovery comprising the steps of (a) feeding nitrogen from a primary nitrogen supply into an oil field; (b) recovering oil and a gas mixture comprising nitrogen , natural gas and C2+ hydrocarbons from the oil field; (c) separating the oil from the gas mixture (d) feeding the gas mixture to a nitrogen rejection unit; and (d) recovering nitrogen , natural gas and C2+ hydrocarbons.2. The method as claimed in further comprising feeding a supplemental nitrogen supply into the oil field.3. The method as claimed in wherein the primary nitrogen supply is from an air separation unit.4. The method as claimed in wherein the supplemental nitrogen supply is from a supplemental air separation unit.5. The method as claimed in wherein the primary nitrogen supply is fed to a high pressure compressor.6. The method as claimed in wherein the high pressure compressor operates at a pressure up to 6700 pounds per square inch.7. The method as claimed in wherein the oil and the gas mixture are fed to an oil separation and sour gas removal unit claim 1 , thereby separating the recovered oil from the gas mixture.8. The method as claimed in wherein the recovered oil is fed to a storage system.9. The method as claimed in wherein the nitrogen rejection unit will separate the nitrogen from the natural gas and C2+ hydrocarbons.10. The method as claimed in wherein the nitrogen rejection unit is operating at high pressures.11. The method as claimed in wherein the high ...

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Номер записи: 76
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification System and Process for Conversion of Biomass Feedstocks

Номер: US20180023003A1
Автор: Elliott Douglas C., Hart Todd R., Neuenschwander Gary G.
Принадлежит: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy. 119-. (canceled)20. A continuous biomass conversion process , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;without the aid of gravitational separation, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein prior to continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction claim 20 , further comprising removing solids from the biomass conversion product.22. The process of claim 20 , further comprising combusting the product gas to generate power.23. The process of claim 20 , wherein the product gas comprises one or more of methane claim 20 , hydrocarbons with a carbon number greater than that of methane claim 20 , and carbon dioxide claim 20 , wherein the product gas optionally comprises less than 5% hydrogen by weight.24. A continuous biomass conversion process claim 20 , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;using centrifugal force, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.25. The process of claim 24 , wherein the separation is ...

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Номер записи: 77
25-01-2018 дата публикации

A COAL AND OIL CO-HYDROTREATING PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT

Номер: US20180023014A1
Автор: LI Suan
Принадлежит:

An oil-coal co-hydrotreating processing includes the following steps: pulverized coal, vacuum residue and recycle oil are mixed to prepare coal slurry. After mixed with hydrogen, catalyst and additive, oil-coal slurry is preheated into a slurry bed reactor with high reacting pressure for thermal cracking and hydrogenation reaction. After reaction, all the products go into the hot high pressure separator for separation of solid from the bottom and gas from the top. The gas obtained goes into the fixed bed reactor for further hydrocracking or refining, and the distillate obtained enter the fractionating tower. The vacuum gas oil from the bottom of fractionating tower is taken as recycle oil piped to the oil-coal slurry mixing device as solvent. 1. A oil-coal co-hydrotreating processing technology , characterized as the following steps:first of all, pulverizing the coal and drying, wherein the pulverized coal is mixed with one or several of crude oil, atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, FCC slurry oil, deasphalted oil, vacuum gas oil, coal tar in the coal and oil mixing and pulping device to prepare oil-coal slurry; after mixed with hydrogen, catalyst and additive, the oil-coal slurry is preheated into a slurry bed reactor with reacting pressure for thermal cracking and hydrogenation reaction; the coke, asphaltene and heavy metals are adsorbed on the catalyst, additives and unreacted coal in the reaction process; after reaction, all the products go into the hot high pressure separator for separation of solid from the bottom and gas from the top, and the gas goes into the fixed bed reactor for further hydrocracking or refining; distillate obtained enters the fractionating tower, and bottom vacuum gas oil is recycled to the coal and oil mixing and pulping device; wherein the catalyst is a mixture of molybdate and iron, the additive is a sulfurizing reagent, and the reaction pressure in the slurry bed reactor is in the range of 17-20 MPa.2. A oil-coal co-hydrotreating ...

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Номер записи: 78
24-01-2019 дата публикации

A COMBINED SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING FUEL AND THERMAL ENERGY AND A METHOD FOR PODUCTION OF FUEL AND THERMAL ENERGY

Номер: US20190024002A1
Автор: BAK Tadeusz
Принадлежит:

A combined system for producing fuel and thermal energy, comprising: an electrolyser () for producing oxygen and hydrogen in the process of water electrolysis; a gasifier () for producing synthesis gas in a process of gasification of carbon-based fuel in the presence of a gasifying agent; a methane synthesis reactor () for producing methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide from the gasifier () and hydrogen from a water electrolyser (); a reactor () with a catalytic packing for producing carbon dioxide in a process of combustion of synthesis gas from the gasifier () and/or methane; wherein the electrolyser () comprises a heat exchange system connected with a heat exchanger (). 1. A combined system for producing fuel and thermal energy , the system comprising:an a water electrolyser for producing oxygen and hydrogen in a process of water electrolysis;a gasifier for producing a synthesis gas in a process of a gasification of carbon-based fuel in a presence of a gasifying agent;a methane synthesis reactor for producing methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide produced by the gasifier and hydrogen produced by the water electrolyser;a reactor with a catalytic packing for producing carbon dioxide in a process of a combustion of the synthesis gas produced b the gasifier and/or methane;wherein the electrolyser comprises a heat exchange system connected with a heat exchanger.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide storage tank for carbon dioxide emitted in the process of combustion in the reactor with the catalytic packing.3130. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the methane synthesis reactor () is further configured to produce methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide from the gasifier claim 1 , carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide tank and hydrogen from the water electrolyser;4. The system according to claim 2 , further comprising an additional methane synthesis reactor for producing methane in a process of ...

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Номер записи: 79
29-01-2015 дата публикации

Fuel Processing

Номер: US20150027054A1
Автор: Martella Matthew, Martella Michael
Принадлежит: ANERGY LIMITED

A system for processing carbonaceous in-feed material has a pyrolyzer kiln for pyrolysis the carbonaceous in-feed material, the kiln operating in a slow pyrolysis process in which the in-feed material is pyrolysed in the kiln for a period of minutes in order to produce primarily a gaseous output fraction; a steam reformer positioned downstream of the kiln to which combustion gasses from the pyrolyzer kiln are fed; a water scrubber positioned gas flow-wise downstream of the steam reformer; a methanation stage; a CO2 scrubbing stage. The system includes means for splitting the gas and directing a portion of the split gas back to the pyrolyzer kiln. 1. A system for processing carbonaceous in-feed material , the system comprising;a pyrolyzer kiln for pyrolysis of the carbonaceous in-feed material, the kiln operating in a slow pyrolysis process in which the in-feed material is pyrolized in the kiln for a period of minutes in order to produce an off-gas;a steam reformer positioned downstream of the kiln and configured to produce at least hydrogen from the off-gas;a water scrubber positioned downstream of the steam reformer and configured to remove water from the off-gas;a methanation stage configured to produce methane from the off-gas;a carbon dioxide scrubbing stage configured to remove carbon dioxide from the off-gas; andsplitting means for splitting the off-gas into portions and directing at least one portion of the off-gas to the kiln.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the splitting means is provided downstream of the water scrubber and the steam reformer.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the off-gas split off and directed to the kiln is 30% or less by volume.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the off-gas split off and directed to the kiln is 20% or less by volume.5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the off-gas directed by the splitting means to the kiln is combusted by the kiln.6. The system ...

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Номер записи: 80
04-02-2016 дата публикации

System and Method for Converting Biomass Material into Energy Products

Номер: US20160032205A1
Автор: Mark Albert Sokalski, Stanley M. Siegel
Принадлежит: Arc Technologies Corp

A continuous biomass-to-energy system and method used for production of high-energy fuel, liquids and gases from municipal wastes and organic wastes, where the municipal wastes and organic wastes is processed through a controlled pyrolysis process and a controlled gas separation process to extract products gases from a distillation tower system of the system. The biomass-to-energy system also discharges byproducts that are removed to offsite facilities and a combustible gas stream that can be utilized to generate electricity. By controlling the temperature and pressure, the biomass-to-energy system is able to provide a fully contained process that reduces environmental emission and unnecessary byproducts while accelerating the anaerobic cycle.

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Номер записи: 81
01-05-2014 дата публикации

Method for Liquefying Natural Gas with a Mixture of Coolant Gas

Номер: US20140116084A1
Автор: Bonnissel Marc, Du Parc Bertrand, ZIELINSKI Eric
Принадлежит:

A method for liquefying a natural gas primarily including methane, preferably at least 85% of methane, the other components essentially including nitrogen and C2-C4 alkanes, in which the natural gas to be liquefied is liquefied by circulating at a pressure P0 no lower than the atmospheric pressure (Patm), P0 preferably being higher than the atmospheric pressure, in at least one cryogenic heat-exchanger (EC, EC, EC) by a counter-current closed-circuit circulation in indirect contact with at least one stream of coolant gas remaining in the compressed gaseous state at a pressure P1 that is entering the cryogenic heat-exchanger at a temperature T3′ that is lower than T3, T3 being the liquefaction temperature of the liquefied natural gas at the pressure P0 at the output of said cryogenic exchanger, characterised in that the coolant gas includes a mixture of nitrogen and at least one other component selected from among neon and hydrogen. 1123. A process for liquefying natural gas comprising a majority of methane , preferably at least 85% methane , the other components essentially comprising nitrogen and C-2 to C-4 alkanes , the process comprising: liquefying said natural gas by causing said natural gas to flow at a pressure P0 higher than or equal to atmospheric pressure (Patm) , P0 preferably being higher than atmospheric pressure , through at least one cryogenic heat exchanger (EC , EC , EC) by flowing in a closed circuit as a countercurrent in indirect contact with at least one stream of refrigerant gas that remains in the gaseous state and that is compressed to a pressure P1 entering said cryogenic heat exchanger at a temperature T3′ lower than T3 , T3 being the liquefaction temperature of said liquefied natural gas on leaving said cryogenic heat exchanger , T3 being lower than or equal to the liquefaction temperature of said liquefied natural gas at atmospheric pressure , wherein said refrigerant gas consists essentially in a mixture of nitrogen and at least one ...

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Номер записи: 82
05-02-2015 дата публикации

System and integrated process for liquid natural gas production

Номер: US20150033792A1
Автор: Douglas Carl Hofer, Roger Allen Shisler, Vitali Victor Lissianski
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

A system and method for producing liquid natural gas (LNG) from a natural gas stream is presented. The system includes a moisture removal device and compressor for removing moisture from and compressing the natural gas stream. The low moisture compressed natural gas stream is cooled in a heat exchanger to discharge a cooled compressed discharge stream. A multi-phase turbo expander provides for further cooling and expansion of the cooled compressed discharge stream, generating an expanded exhaust stream comprising a mixture of a vapor comprised substantially of CH 4 and a LNG/ice/solid CO 2 slurry. The expanded exhaust stream is separated to generate a vapor stream comprised substantially of CH 4 and a liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2 slurry stream. Further separation of the liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2 slurry stream generates a liquid natural gas output stream and an output stream comprised substantially of ice/solid CO 2 .

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Номер записи: 83
04-02-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20210033337A1
Автор: Acharya Harish Radhakrishna, Hu Lishun, Lv Jing, Xue Junli, Zhang Jie
Принадлежит:

A system, and a method for producing liquefied natural gas are provided. The system includes a heat exchanger, a first supersonic chiller, and a compression unit. The heat exchanger is for cooling a feed natural gas stream to obtain a cooled natural gas stream. The first supersonic chiller is for chilling the cooled natural gas stream to produce liquefied natural gas and output at least a portion of chilled gaseous natural gas to the heat exchanger to be heated to obtain a heated natural gas stream. The compression unit is for compressing the heated natural gas stream from the heat exchanger and providing a compressed natural gas stream to the heat exchanger to be cooled together with the feed natural gas stream by heat exchanging with the at least a portion of the chilled gaseous natural gas. 1. A system , comprising:a heat exchanger for cooling a feed natural gas stream to obtain a cooled natural gas stream;a first supersonic chiller for chilling the cooled natural gas stream to produce liquefied natural gas and output at least a portion of chilled gaseous natural gas to the heat exchanger to be heated to obtain a heated natural gas stream; anda compression unit for compressing the heated natural gas stream and providing a compressed natural gas stream to the heat exchanger to he cooled together with the feed natural gas stream by heat exchanging with the at least a portion of the chilled gaseous natural gas.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first supersonic chiller comprises a first outlet for outputting a first portion of the chilled gaseous natural gas and a second outlet for outputting a mixture stream comprising the liquefied natural gas and another portion of the chilled gaseous natural gas claim 1 , and the system comprises at least one separation vessel in communication with the second outlet of the first supersonic chiller for separating at least a portion of the chilled gaseous natural gas from the mixture stream.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 84
05-02-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUEL WITH A METHANE THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE

Номер: US20150038600A1
Автор: DIVER Richard B.
Принадлежит:

A thermochemical process and system for producing fuel are provided. The thermochemical process includes reducing an oxygenated-hydrocarbon to form an alkane and using the alkane in a reforming reaction as a reducing agent for water, a reducing agent for carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof. Another thermochemical process includes reducing a metal oxide to form a reduced metal oxide, reducing an oxygenated-hydrocarbon with the reduced metal oxide to form an alkane, and using the alkane in a reforming reaction as a reducing agent for water, a reducing agent for carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof. The system includes a reformer configured to perform a thermochemical process. 1. A thermochemical process , comprising:reducing an oxygenated-hydrocarbon to form an alkane; andusing the alkane in a reforming reaction as a reducing agent for water, a reducing agent for carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reducing of the oxygenated-hydrocarbon produces a re-oxidized metal oxide.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising producing carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the alkane claim 1 , the water claim 1 , the carbon dioxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The process of claim 3 , further comprising producing a synthesized oxygenated-hydrocarbon from at least a portion of the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising using the synthesized oxygenated-hydrocarbon for further re-oxidation a reduced metal oxide.6. The process of claim 3 , wherein the producing of the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen is at a temperature of less than 1000° C.7. The process of claim 3 , wherein the producing of the carbon monoxide or the hydrogen is at a temperature of less than 1000° C.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is substantially devoid of SO.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is substantially devoid of metal sulfate.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is ...

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Номер записи: 85
11-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE IN FLUE GAS INTO NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20160040084A1
Автор: CHEN Yilong, FANG Zhangjian, Wang Zhilong, ZHANG Yanfeng, ZHENG Xingcai
Принадлежит:

A device for converting carbon dioxide in flue gas into natural gas using dump energy. The device includes a transformer and rectifier device, an electrolytic cell, a turbine, a carbon dioxide heater, a primary fixed bed reactor, a secondary fixed bed reactor, a natural gas condenser, and a process water line. An outlet of the transformer and rectifier device is connected to a power interface of the electrolytic cell, a gas-liquid outlet of a cathode of the electrolytic cell is connected to a gas-liquid inlet of a hydrogen separator, and a liquid outlet of the hydrogen separator is connected to a liquid reflux port of the cathode of the electrolytic cell. 2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the mixed gas outlet of the primary heat exchanger is provided with a bypass connected to a heat medium inlet of a circulating heat exchanger claim 1 , a heat medium outlet of the circulating heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of a circulating compressor through a circulating cooler claim 1 , an outlet of the circulating compressor is connected to a heated medium inlet of the circulating heat exchanger claim 1 , and a heated medium outlet of the circulating heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the primary fixed bed reactor.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein an intermediate fixed bed reactor is provided between the primary fixed bed reactor and the secondary fixed bed reactor; an inlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor is connected to a mixed gas outlet of the primary heat exchanger claim 1 , and an outlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor is connected to the inlet of the secondary fixed bed reactor through an intermediate heat exchanger.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein an intermediate fixed bed reactor is provided between the primary fixed bed reactor and the secondary fixed bed reactor; an inlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor is connected to a mixed gas outlet of the primary heat exchanger claim 2 , and an outlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor ...

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Номер записи: 86
12-02-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COGENERATING GAS-STEAM BASED ON GASIFICATION AND METHANATION OF BIOMASS

Номер: US20150040479A1
Автор: GONG Yan, SONG Dechen, YANG Weiguang, ZHAN Xiaodong
Принадлежит:

A method for cogenerating gas-steam based on gasification and methanation of biomass. The method includes: 1) mixing oxygen and water vapor with biomass, transporting the resulting mixture via a nozzle to a gasifier, gasifying the biomass to yield crude gasified gas, and transporting superheated steam having a pressure of 5-6 MPa resulting from sensible heat recovery to a steam turbine; 2) adjusting the hydrogen/carbon ratio of the crude gasified gas generated from step 1) to 3:1, and eluting the crude gasified gas whereby yield purified syngas; 3) introducing the purified syngas from step 2) to a methanation unit and transporting intermediate pressure superheated steam generated in the methanation unit to the steam turbine; and 4) concentrating methane of synthetic natural gas containing trace nitrogen and water vapor obtained from step 3) through pressure swing adsorption. 1. A method for cogenerating gas-steam based on gasification and methanation of biomass , the method comprising:1) mixing oxygen and water vapor produced from an air separation plant with biomass, transporting a resulting mixture via a nozzle to a gasifier, gasifying the biomass at a temperature of 1,500-1,800° C. and a pressure of 1-3 MPa to yield crude gasified gas, and transporting superheated steam having a pressure of 5-6 MPa resulting from sensible heat recovery to a steam turbine;2) according to demand for a methanation reaction, adjusting a hydrogen/carbon ratio of the crude gasified gas generated from step 1) to 3:1 using a shift reaction, and eluting the crude gasified gas using low-temperature methanol for desulfurization and decarburization, whereby yield purified syngas;{'sub': 2', '4, '3) introducing the purified syngas from step 2) to a methanation unit comprising a primary methanation unit and a secondary methanation unit, the primary methanation unit comprising a first primary methanation reactor and a second primary methanation reactor connected in series; allowing part of ...

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Номер записи: 87
11-02-2016 дата публикации

INTEGRALLY-GEARED COMPRESSORS FOR PRECOOLING IN LNG APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20160040927A1
Автор: Banchi Nicola, PELAGOTTI Antonio
Принадлежит:

A natural gas liquefaction system is disclosed, which comprises at least a pre-cooling loop, through which a first refrigerant is adapted to circulate. The pre-cooling loop comprises at least one compressor for pressurizing the first refrigerant; at least one prime mover for driving the compressor; at least one condenser for removing heat from the first refrigerant; at least a first expansion element for expanding the first refrigerant; at least a first heat exchanger for transferring heat from natural gas to the first refrigerant. The system further comprises at least a cooling loop, downstream of the pre-cooling loop, where through a second refrigerant circulates. The natural gas is adapted to be sequentially cooled in the pre-cooling loop and in the cooling loop. The compressor of the pre-cooling loop is an integrally-geared turbo-compressor comprising a plurality of compressor stages. 1. A natural gas liquefaction system comprising:at least a pre-cooling loop, through which a first refrigerant is adapted to circulate, the pre-cooling loop comprising:at least one compressor for pressurizing the first refrigerant;at least one prime mover for driving said compressor;at least one condenser for removing heat from the first refrigerant;at least a first expansion element for expanding the first refrigerant;at least a first heat exchanger for transferring heat from natural gas to the first refrigerant;and at least a cooling loop, downstream of said pre-cooling loop, where through a second refrigerant circulates, the natural gas being adapted to be sequentially cooled in the pre-cooling loop and in the cooling loop;wherein said compressor is an integrally-geared turbo-compressor comprising a plurality of compressor stages each one being provided with independent set of movable inlet guide vanes for autonomously regulating flows entering in the compressor stages.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-cooling loop is configured to divide the first refrigerant into two ...

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Номер записи: 88
11-02-2016 дата публикации

Flexible Liquefied Natural Gas Plant

Номер: US20160040928A1
Автор: Brennan Justin G., Miller Michael R., Norman Garth M., Rasmussen Chad C.
Принадлежит:

The present techniques are directed to a flexible liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant that may be tied to an external electric grid for importing or exporting electric power. Exemplary embodiments provide a method for producing LNG that includes producing a base load capacity of refrigeration capacity for LNG production from a first compression system. Electricity may be produced from a second compressor string if electricity is needed by an external power grid, or a second amount of refrigeration capacity may be provided by the second compressor string is natural gas feed is available and the external grid does not need power. 1. A method for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) , comprising:producing a base load refrigeration capacity for LNG production from a first compression system;producing electricity from a second compression system;exporting the electricity to an external power grid when a demand for the amount of electricity exists at the external power grid; andproducing a second load of refrigeration capacity from the second compression system when a demand for the electricity does not exist at the external power grid.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , comprising producing a third load of refrigeration capacity from a third compression system when electricity is available from the external power grid to power the compressor and natural gas feed is available to produce LNG.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first compression system claim 3 , the second compression system claim 3 , and the third compression system share inlet and outlet manifolds for a refrigerant.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing compression power in the first compression system by powering a generator from the external power grid claim 1 , wherein the generator is in series with a gas turbine coupled to a compressor string.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing compression power in the second compressor string by powering a generator from ...

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Номер записи: 89
09-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE INTEGRATION OF A NITROGEN LIQUEFIER AND LETDOWN OF NATURAL GAS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID NITROGEN AND LOWER PRESSURE NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20170038133A1
Автор: FARGES Oriane, Guillard Alain, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method describing the integration of a nitrogen liquefier and letdown of natural gas for the production of liquid nitrogen and lower pressure natural gas is provided. The method may include: providing a nitrogen liquefier having a nitrogen refrigeration cycle, wherein the nitrogen liquefier comprises a nitrogen compressor, a nitrogen recycle compressor, a heat exchanger, and at least a first turbine booster and introducing a nitrogen gas stream to the nitrogen liquefier under conditions effective for liquefying the nitrogen to produce a liquid nitrogen product. The refrigeration needed to liquefy the nitrogen is provided for by the nitrogen refrigeration cycle and letdown of a high pressure natural gas stream. 1. A method for the integration of a nitrogen liquefier and letdown of natural gas for the production liquid nitrogen (“LIN”) , the method comprising the steps of:a) providing a nitrogen liquefier having a nitrogen refrigeration cycle, wherein the nitrogen liquefier comprises a nitrogen recycle compressor, a heat exchanger, and a first turbine booster;b) introducing a nitrogen gas stream to the nitrogen liquefier under conditions effective for liquefying the nitrogen to produce a liquid nitrogen product;{'sub': 'H', 'c) withdrawing a natural gas stream from a source operating at a first pressure P;'}d) purifying the natural gas stream in a purification unit to produce a purified natural gas;e) partially cooling the purified natural gas in the heat exchanger;withdrawing the partially cooled natural gas from an intermediate section of the heat exchanger;{'sub': M', 'M', 'H, 'g) expanding the partially cooled natural gas to a medium pressure Pin a natural gas expansion turbine to form a cold natural gas stream, wherein the medium pressure Pis at a pressure lower than the first pressure P; and'}h) warming the cold natural gas stream in the heat exchanger by heat exchange against nitrogen from the nitrogen refrigeration cycle to produce a warm natural gas stream ...

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Номер записи: 90
09-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20170038134A1
Автор: FARGES Oriane, Guillard Alain, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method for the production of liquefied natural gas is provided. The method may include providing a high pressure natural gas stream, splitting the high pressure natural gas stream into a first portion and a second portion, and liquefying the first portion of the high pressure natural gas stream to produce an LNG stream. The refrigeration needed for cooling and liquefaction of the natural gas can be provided by a closed nitrogen refrigeration cycle and letdown of the second portion of the high pressure natural gas stream. 1. A method for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) , the method comprising the steps of:a) providing a nitrogen refrigeration cycle, wherein the nitrogen refrigeration cycle is configured to provide refrigeration within a heat exchanger;b) purifying a first natural gas stream in a first purification unit to remove a first set of impurities to produce a purified first natural gas stream;{'sub': 'H', 'c) cooling and liquefying the first natural gas stream in the heat exchanger using the refrigeration from the nitrogen refrigeration cycle to produce an LNG stream, wherein the first natural gas stream has an LNG refrigeration requirement, wherein the LNG stream is liquefied at a first pressure P;'}d) purifying a second natural gas stream in a second purification unit to remove a second set of impurities to produce a purified second natural gas stream;e) partially cooling the second natural gas stream in the heat exchanger;f) withdrawing the partially cooled second natural gas stream from an intermediate section of the heat exchanger;{'sub': M', 'M', 'H, 'g) expanding the partially cooled second natural gas stream to a medium pressure Pin a natural gas expansion turbine to form a cold natural gas stream, wherein the medium pressure Pis at a pressure lower than the first pressure P; and'}h) warming the cold natural gas stream in the heat exchanger by heat exchange against the first natural gas stream to produce a warm natural gas stream at ...

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Номер записи: 91
09-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUID NITROGEN

Номер: US20170038135A1
Автор: FARGES Oriane, Guillard Alain, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method for the production of liquefied natural gas and liquid nitrogen is provided. The method may include providing a high pressure natural gas stream, splitting the high pressure natural gas stream into a first portion and a second portion, and liquefying the first portion of the high pressure natural gas stream to produce an LNG stream. The refrigeration needed for cooling and liquefaction of the natural gas and liquefaction of the nitrogen can be provided by a nitrogen refrigeration cycle and letdown of the second portion of the high pressure natural gas stream. 1. A method for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) and liquid nitrogen (“LIN”) , the method comprising the steps of:a) providing a nitrogen refrigeration cycle, wherein the nitrogen refrigeration cycle is configured to provide refrigeration within a heat exchanger, wherein a portion of the nitrogen within the nitrogen refrigeration cycle is withdrawn and liquefied yielding a liquid nitrogen product, wherein at least an equal portion of gaseous nitrogen is introduced to the nitrogen refrigeration cycle as is withdrawn;b) purifying a first natural gas stream in a first purification unit to remove a first set of impurities to produce a purified first natural gas stream;{'sub': 'H', 'c) cooling and liquefying the first natural gas stream in the heat exchanger using the refrigeration from the nitrogen refrigeration cycle to produce an LNG stream, wherein the first natural gas stream has an LNG refrigeration requirement, wherein the LNG stream is liquefied at a first pressure P;'}d) purifying a second natural gas stream in a second purification unit to remove a second set of impurities to produce a purified second natural gas stream;e) partially cooling the second natural gas stream in the heat exchanger;f) withdrawing the partially cooled second natural gas stream from an intermediate section of the heat exchanger;{'sub': M', 'M', 'H, 'g) expanding the partially cooled second natural gas stream ...

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Номер записи: 92
09-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE INTEGRATION OF A NITROGEN LIQUEFIER AND LIQUEFACTION OF NATURAL GAS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUID NITROGEN

Номер: US20170038136A1
Автор: FARGES Oriane, Guillard Alain, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method for the integration of a nitrogen liquefier and liquefaction of natural gas for the production of liquefied natural gas and liquid nitrogen is provided. The method may include providing a nitrogen liquefaction unit and providing a natural gas liquefaction unit. Liquefaction of the nitrogen can be achieved via a nitrogen refrigeration cycle within the nitrogen liquefaction unit. Liquefaction of the natural gas can be achieved through the use of natural gas letdown and a second nitrogen refrigeration cycle. The two liquefaction units can be integrated via a common nitrogen recycle compressor, thereby providing significant capital savings. 1. A method for the integration of a nitrogen liquefier and natural gas liquefier for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) and liquid nitrogen (“LIN”) , the method comprising the steps of:a) providing a nitrogen liquefier having a first nitrogen refrigeration cycle, wherein the nitrogen liquefier comprises a turbine, a booster and a plurality of coolers, wherein the first nitrogen refrigeration cycle is configured to provide refrigeration within a first heat exchanger;b) providing a second nitrogen refrigeration cycle, wherein the second nitrogen refrigeration cycle comprises a second turbine, a second booster and a plurality of second coolers, wherein the second nitrogen refrigeration cycle is configured to provide refrigeration within a second heat exchanger;c) purifying a first natural gas stream in a first purification unit to remove a first set of impurities to produce a purified first natural gas stream;{'sub': 'H', 'd) cooling and liquefying the first natural gas stream in the second heat exchanger using the refrigeration from the nitrogen refrigeration cycle to produce an LNG stream, wherein the first natural gas stream has an LNG refrigeration requirement, wherein the LNG stream is liquefied at a first pressure P;'}e) purifying a second natural gas stream in a second purification unit to remove a second ...

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Номер записи: 93
09-02-2017 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20170038138A1
Автор: Guillard Alain, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour I'Etude et I'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude

A transportable apparatus for production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) having include a housing, a natural gas feed inlet, a heat exchanger, a phase separator, a liquid outlet disposed on the cold end of the heat exchanger, an LNG product outlet disposed on the cold end of the heat exchanger, a first refrigeration supply, a second refrigeration supply, and wherein the heat exchanger, the phase separator, the first expansion valve, the first refrigeration supply, and the second refrigeration supply are all disposed within the housing. The first refrigeration supply includes expansion of a portion of the LNG product, and the second refrigeration supply can include expansion of another portion of the LNG product or expansion and heat exchange with a supply of liquid nitrogen. The production of LNG is achieved without the external supply of electricity. 1. A transportable apparatus for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) , the apparatus comprising:a) a housing;b) a natural gas feed inlet configured to accept a stream of pressurized natural gas originating from outside the housing;c) a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the natural gas feed inlet, such that the heat exchanger is configured to receive the stream of pressurized natural gas from the natural gas feed inlet, wherein the heat exchanger has a warm end, a cold end, and an intermediate section;d) a phase separator having a fluid inlet, a gaseous outlet, and a liquid outlet, wherein the fluid inlet is in fluid communication with a first intermediate fluid outlet located in the intermediate section of the heat exchanger, such that the phase separator is configured to receive a partially cooled fluid from the heat exchanger, wherein the gaseous outlet of the phase separator is in fluid communication with a second intermediate fluid inlet of the intermediate section of the heat exchanger, such that the second intermediate fluid inlet of the intermediate section of the heat exchanger is configured ...

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Номер записи: 94
09-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS

Номер: US20170038139A1
Автор: Guillard Alain, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) without the use of externally provided electricity is provided The method may include the steps of: providing a transportable apparatus, wherein the transportable apparatus comprises a housing, a heat exchanger, a phase separator, a first refrigeration supply, and a second refrigeration supply, wherein the first refrigeration supply and the second refrigeration supply are configured to provide refrigeration within the heat exchanger; introducing a natural gas stream into the transportable apparatus at a first pressure under conditions effective for producing an LNG stream; withdrawing the LNG stream from the transportable apparatus; and withdrawing a warm natural gas stream from the transportable apparatus, wherein the warm natural gas stream is at a second pressure, wherein the second pressure is lower than the first pressure. 1. A method for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) using a transportable apparatus , the method comprising the steps of:providing a transportable apparatus, wherein the transportable apparatus comprises a housing, a heat exchanger, a phase separator, a first refrigeration supply, and a second refrigeration supply, wherein the first refrigeration supply and the second refrigeration supply are configured to provide refrigeration within the heat exchanger;introducing a natural gas stream into the transportable apparatus at a first pressure under conditions effective for producing an LNG stream;withdrawing the LNG stream from the transportable apparatus; andwithdrawing a warm natural gas stream from the transportable apparatus, wherein the warm natural gas stream is at a second pressure, wherein the second pressure is lower than the first pressure.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first refrigeration supply comprises a first expansion valve claim 1 , a first LNG inlet disposed on a cold end of the heat exchanger claim 1 , and a first natural gas outlet ...

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Номер записи: 95
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Pretreatment System

Номер: US20180038554A1
Автор: Jariwala Ankur D., Peters Richard D.
Принадлежит:

A pretreatment system and method for a floating liquid natural gas (“FLNG”) facility are presented. The inlet natural gas stream flows through a membrane system to remove carbon dioxide and a heat exchanger, producing first and second cooled CO-depleted non-permeate streams. The first cooled CO-depleted non-permeate stream is routed to additional pretreatment equipment, while the second cooled CO-depleted non-permeate stream is routed directly to a LNG train. Alternatively, the inlet natural gas stream may flow through a membrane system to produce a single cooled CO-depleted non-permeate stream that is routed to the LNG train after sweetening and dehydration. Because the pretreatment system delivers the incoming gas stream to the LNG train at a lower temperature than conventional systems, less energy is needed to convert the gas stream to LNG. In addition, the pretreatment system has a smaller footprint than conventional pretreatment systems. 1. A pretreatment system for a floating liquid natural gas (“FLNG”) facility , the pretreatment system comprisinga membrane system configured to receive an inlet natural gas stream; and a first heated permeate stream,', 'a first cooled non-permeate stream, and', 'a second cooled non-permeate stream; and, 'a heat exchanger configured to receive and cross-exchange heat between a cooled permeate stream and a cooled non-permeate stream from the membrane system and a substantially water-free natural gas outlet stream to producean additional pretreatment process equipment;means to route the first cooled non-permeate stream to the additional pretreatment process equipment; andmeans to route the second cooled non-permeate to an LNG train.3. A pretreatment system according to wherein the membrane system is a COremoval membrane system.5. A pretreatment system according to wherein the mercury removal system includes a mercury/HS removal bed.6. A pretreatment system according to wherein at least one of the first and second cooled non- ...

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Номер записи: 96
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Pretreatment System

Номер: US20180038555A1
Автор: Jariwala Ankur D., Peters Richard D.
Принадлежит:

A pretreatment system and method for a floating liquid natural gas (“FLNG”) facility are presented. The inlet natural gas stream flows through a membrane system to remove carbon dioxide and a heat exchanger, producing first and second cooled CO-depleted non-permeate streams. The first cooled CO-depleted non-permeate stream is routed to additional pretreatment equipment, while the second cooled CO-depleted non-permeate stream is routed directly to a LNG train. Alternatively, the inlet natural gas stream may flow through a membrane system to produce a single cooled CO-depleted non-permeate stream that is routed to the LNG train after sweetening and dehydration. Because the pretreatment system delivers the incoming gas stream to the LNG train at a lower temperature than conventional systems, less energy is needed to convert the gas stream to LNG. In addition, the pretreatment system has a smaller footprint than conventional pretreatment systems. 1. A pretreatment method for cooling and purifying a natural gas stream for processing into LNG , the method comprising:passing an inlet natural gas stream through a membrane system to produce a cooled permeate stream and a cooled non-permeate stream;routing the cooled permeate and non-permeate streams directly to a heat exchanger; a first cooled permeate stream,', 'a first cooled non-permeate stream, and', 'a second cooled non-permeate stream;, 'cross-exchanging heat in a heat exchanger between the cooled permeate and non-permeate streams and a substantially water-free natural gas outlet stream and to producerouting the first cooled non-permeate stream to additional pretreatment equipment; anddirecting the second cooled non-permeate stream directly to an LNG train.2. A pretreatment method according to further comprising:processing the inlet natural gas stream in a mercury removal system to form a substantially mercury-free natural gas stream.3. A pretreatment method according to wherein the mercury removal system is a mercury/ ...

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Номер записи: 97
08-02-2018 дата публикации

ROBUST RECOVERY OF NATURAL GAS LETDOWN ENERGY FOR SMALL SCALE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION

Номер: US20180038639A1
Автор: de BESOMBES Louis, FARGES Oriane, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method for liquefaction of natural gas using refrigeration from a combination of sources including a refrigeration cycle and letdown energy of natural gas is provided. The natural gas to be liquefied (LNG) is boosted in pressure using a booster that is powered by expansion of a portion of the natural gas flow from the booster through a first natural gas turbine. A second flow of natural gas is expanded in a second natural gas turbine, and the resulting expanded stream, along with the natural gas expanded in the first natural gas turbine, are warmed against the natural gas to be liquefied. The flow rate of the natural gas in the second natural gas turbine is decoupled from the booster, thereby allowing for variation in flow rates and pressures while maintaining a constant production of LNG. 1. A method for the liquefaction of natural gas , the method comprising the steps of:a) withdrawing a pressurized natural gas stream from a natural gas pipeline;b) boosting a first portion of the pressurized natural gas stream to a higher pressure using a first natural gas booster to produce a boosted pressurized natural gas stream;c) expanding a first portion of the boosted pressurized natural gas stream in a first natural gas turbine to form a first expanded natural gas stream;d) warming the first expanded natural gas stream in a heat exchanger against a second portion of the boosted pressurized natural gas stream to produce a first warmed natural gas stream;e) expanding a second portion of the pressurized natural gas stream in a second natural gas turbine to form a second expanded natural gas stream;f) warming the second expanded natural gas stream in the heat exchanger against the second portion of the boosted pressurized natural gas stream to produce a second warmed natural gas stream; andg) liquefying the second portion of the boosted pressurized natural gas stream in the heat exchanger using refrigeration provided from a refrigeration cycle to form a liquefied natural gas ...

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Номер записи: 98
08-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE INTEGRATION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND SYNGAS PRODUCTION

Номер: US20180038643A1
Автор: Guillard Alain, Roesch Alexander, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

An integrated method for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and syngas is provided. The method can include the steps of: utilizing letdown energy of a high pressure natural gas stream that is withdrawn from a natural gas pipeline to provide a warm temperature cooling; utilizing a refrigeration cycle to provide a cold temperature cooling, wherein the refrigeration cycle comprises a refrigerant recycle compressor that is powered utilizing a steam turbine; and cooling a second high pressure natural gas stream using the warm temperature cooling and the cold temperature cooling to produce an LNG product stream. The second high pressure natural gas stream is withdrawn from the natural gas pipeline, and the steam turbine is powered by high pressure steam that is produced from a syngas production facility. 1. A method for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) , the method comprising the steps of:a) operating a syngas production facility that is configured to convert a first natural gas stream into a syngas stream, wherein the syngas production facility is further configured to produce a pressurized steam, wherein the pressurized steam is fed to a steam turbine, wherein during said operating step, the syngas production facility uses a second natural gas stream at a lower pressure than the first natural gas stream;b) cooling and liquefying a third natural gas stream using refrigeration provided by at least two different sources to produce an LNG product stream;c) providing a first source for the refrigeration used in step b) by expanding the second natural gas stream in a natural gas expander and then warming the second natural gas stream, prior to being used in the syngas production facility in step a), against the third natural gas stream; andd) providing a second source for the refrigeration used in step b) using a nitrogen refrigeration cycle, wherein the nitrogen refrigeration cycle comprises a nitrogen recycle compressor and at least one turbine, ...

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Номер записи: 99
08-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTION OF INDUSTRIAL GAS BY INTEGRATION OF METHANOL PLANT AND AIR SEPARATION UNIT

Номер: US20180038644A1
Автор: Guillard Alain, Roesch Alexander, TURNEY Michael A.
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

A method for the liquefaction of an industrial gas by integration of a methanol plant and an air separation unit (ASU) is provided. The method can include the steps of: (a) providing a pressurized natural gas stream, a pressurized purge gas stream composed predominately of hydrogen and originating from a methanol plant, and a pressurized air gas stream comprising an air gas from the ASU; (b) expanding three different pressurized gases to produce three cooled streams, wherein the three different pressurized gases consist of the pressurized natural gas stream, the pressurized purge gas stream, and the pressurized air gas stream; and (c) liquefying the industrial gas in a liquefaction unit against the three cooled streams to produce a liquefied industrial gas stream, wherein the industrial gas to be liquefied is selected from the group consisting of a first portion of the pressurized natural gas stream, a nitrogen gas stream, hydrogen and combinations thereof 1. A method for the liquefaction of an industrial gas selected from the group consisting of natural gas , nitrogen , hydrogen , and combinations thereof , the method comprising the steps of:a) withdrawing a pressurized natural gas stream from a natural gas pipeline;b) removing carbon dioxide and water from the pressurized natural gas stream;c) expanding the pressurized natural gas stream to form an expanded natural gas stream and warming the expanded natural gas stream in a first portion of a heat exchanger against the industrial gas to form a warmed natural gas stream;d) sending the warmed natural gas stream to a methanol production facility under conditions effective for producing a methanol stream, a purified hydrogen stream, and a purge gas rich in hydrogen;e) expanding the purge gas rich in hydrogen to form an expanded purge gas and warming the expanded purge gas in a second portion of the heat exchanger against the industrial gas to form a warmed purge gas stream;f) sending the warmed purge gas stream to the ...

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