Способ получения оптически активных производных (+)-бицикло (3.3.0)-октанола

Использование: получение химических соединений биосинтезом, использование ферментов или микроорганизмов для разделения рацемической смеси на оптические изомеры. Сущность изобретения: осуществляют ферментативное или микробиологическое стереоспефическое ацилатное омыление ацилатной группы ряда рацемических соединений промежуточных стадий Изобретение относится к способу сте- реоспецифического ацилатного гидролиза рацемических сложных эфиров 3-ацилокси- бицикло 3.3.0(-октан-7-он-2-карбоновых кислот до оптически активных спиртов с помощью ферментов или микроорганизмов. Он особенно пригоден для получения оптически активных производных (+)-бицик- ло(3.3.0)-октанола формулы (+) у 7-R, он (+Ы , простаци клина. Берут, например, 3 г ( ±) метилового эфира За-ацетокси-7,7-(2,2- диметил-триметилендиокси)-цис-бицикло (3.3.0)-октан-2 /3 -карбоновой кислоты, растворяют в 100 мл этанола и объединяют с раствором 1,5 г липазы-PL из Alcaligenes в 1 л 0,1 М фосфатного буфера с рН 7 в колбе Эрленмейера емкостью ...

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur ununterbrochenen Vergaerung von zuckerarmen Gaerfluessigkeiten auf Alkohol

PROCEDURE FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF XYLITOL AND ETHANOL

ALCOHOL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION

The present invention relates to a process for the production of second generation biofuels and/or sugar based chemicals - for example ethanol, butanol etc - and/or materials - for example plastics, single cell proteins etc. - together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular from lignocellulosic biomass comprising, among others, annual plants, agricultural waste, or wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the production of sugar based chemicals, biofuels or materials together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass comprising the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass in a sulfite cooking step.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur ununterbrochenen Vergärung von zuckerarmen Gärflüssigkeiten auf Alkohol.

Verfahren zur Gewinnung des in den Ablaugen der Sulfitzellstoffkochung enthaltenen Zuckers in hoher Konzentration zwecks Erzeugung von Sulfitsprit.

СПОСОБ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ

Изобретение в целом относится к способам повышения эффективности роста микроорганизмов и производства продуктов, таких как спирты и кислоты, путем микробиологической ферментации субстратов, содержащих монооксид углерода. Более конкретно, изобретение относится к обеспечению альтернативного источника серы в жидкую питательную среду, благодаря которому сера становится доступной для одного или более микроорганизмов указанной ферментации.

METHOD OF FERMENTATION OF

Treatment of sulphite waste liquor

Verfahren zum Vergaeren von Sulfitablauge

Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Vergaeren von Sulfitlauge

RACEMATSPALTUNG OF 3-ACYLOXY-BICYCLO (3.3.0>OCTAN-7-ON-2-CARBONSAEUR ESTERS BY STEREOSPEZIFI ENZYMATIC OR MICRO-BIOLOGICAL ECYL RK HYDROLYSIS.

FERMENTING PRODUCT WITH DECREASED ETHANOL CONTENT.

FERMENTATION PRODUCT WITH REDUCED ETHANOL CONTENT

ALCOHOL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

A continuous process for the production of alcohol, preferably ethanol, from cellulosic materials, is described. The cellulosic materials are delignified such that the hemicellulose and the cellulose can be subsequently acid hydrolyzed into simple sugars. These sugars are fermented in the presence of yeast to yield ethanol and carbon dioxide. The alcohol vapor is removed from the fermentation solution under a reduced pressure and subsequently distilled. Carbon dioxide gas may be sparged throughout the fermenting solution in order to aid in the removal of the alcohol from the fermenting solution. The gaseous carbon dioxide is captured and utilized in the manufacture of additional quantities of ethanol or other basic chemicals.

Employment, in the fermentation of sweetened musts containing of the sulfurous compounds, of yeasts or leavens rich in nitrogenized matters

Method of producing fermentation-based products from corn

Corn oil and corn meal obtained from corn are included in useful products. A method for producing fermentation-based products comprises combining corn meal with water and an enzyme, and mixing the combination with a micro-organism capable of fermenting a carbon source to produce a fermentation-based product. The corn meal is produced by cracking whole corn, conditioning the whole corn and extracting the whole corn to produce corn meal without flaking the corn during processing. The corn grain process generally includes the steps of cracking corn grain having a total oil content of from about 3% by weight to about 30% by weight and extracting a corn oil from the cracked corn grain.

Способ сбраживания растворов свеклосахарной патоки

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON OPTISCH AKTIVEN (+)-BICYCLO(3.3.O)OCTAND-DERIVATEN

Process of Obtaining Alcohol from Sulphite Liquors.

... 120,520. McKee, R. H. May 15, 1918. Waste products, treatment and utilization of.- To produce alcohol from sulphite liquors containing fermentable sugars they are treated with yeast in the presence of excess of oxygen. The amount of free sulphur dioxide in the liquor is preferably reduced to 0.35 grammes per litre by boiling, blowing air through the solution while heated, or other methods. The liquor is then brought to a temperature of 27-28‹ C. and yeast is added. Air is blown through .the liquor while fermentation is proceeding. The liquid is then distilled to separate the alcohol, alkali being added to fix the sulphur dioxide. The air used in the process is washed in unfermented liquor to recover alcohol carried off by it.

Variants of Gal2 transporter and their uses

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are Gal2 variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to T354, and optionally further amino acid substitution(s). The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing pentose(s), preferably D-xylose and/or L-arabinose.

XYLOSE-FERMENTING RECOMBINANT YEAST STRAINS

Disclosed are xylose-fermenting recombinant yeast strains comprising heterologous PsXYLI, Ps XYL2, and PsXYL3, as well as methods of fermenting xylose to obtain ethanol using the recombinant yeast strain.

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOMATERIALS USING CITRUS POMACES

СПОСОБ СБРАЖИВАНИЯ ОТБРОСНОГО СУЛЬФИТЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО ЩЕЛОКА

Способ непрерывного сбраживания свеклосахарной патоки

Xylose-fermenting recombinant yeast strains

FRACTIONATION OF A LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

A method for fractionating a lignocellulosic material, the method comprising; contacting (2) the lignocellulosic material with an ionic liquid (3) and dissolving the lignocellulosic material therein, providing a second liquid (7) which is immiscible with the ionic liquid and is also a non-solvent for cellulose, adding the second liquid to the ionic liquid so as to form a biphasic system (6) which comprises an ionic liquid phase essentially free of lignocellulose and a second liquid phase comprising lignin in solution and cellulose as a precipitate, separating the two phases and recovering (8) the precipitated cellulose from the separated second liquid phase.

FRACTIONATION OF A LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

A method for fractionating a lignocellulosic material, the method compris ing; contacting (2) the lignocellulosic material with an ionic liquid (3) an d dissolving the lignocellulosic material therein, providing a second liquid (7) which is immiscible with the ionic liquid and is also a non-solvent for cellulose, adding the second liquid to the ionic liquid so as to form a bip hasic system (6) which comprises an ionic liquid phase essentially free of l ignocellulose and a second liquid phase comprising lignin in solution and ce llulose as a precipitate, separating the two phases and recovering (8) the p recipitated cellulose from the separated second liquid phase.

Variants of gal2 transporter and their uses

The method for manufacturing the alcohol with the sulfite waste liquor

A method for using the fermentable and reducing carbohydrates in detergents or sulphite solutions obtained by treatment of substances containing of cellulose, with acids, in order to produce alcohol or an agent of reduction

Process for the production of alcohol of the detergents of scrap of wood pulp by soluble sulphites

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND RELATED COMPOSITIONS

A method comprising: (a) providing a lignocellulosic substrate; (b) contacting said lignocellulosic substrate with an extractant comprising a water-soluble organic solvent to form an extracted substrate and a miscella; (c) removing miscella from said extracted substrate; and (d) hydrolyzing said extracted substrate using a chemically catalyzed process.

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION

CПOCOБ ПOЛУЧEHИЯ OПTИЧECKИ AKTИBHЫX ПPOИЗBOДHЫX (+)-БИЦИKЛO (3.3.0)-OKTAHOЛA

VERFAHREN ZUR VORBEHANDLUNG VON SULFITABLAUGE FUER DIE HERSTELLUNG VON ETHANOL

METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR THE MICROBIAL BIOCONVERSION OF TOLUENE AND OTHER PHENYL COMPOUNDS

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROPAGATION OF A MICROORGANISM USING A PULP MILL AND/OR A PAPER MILL WASTE BY-PRODUCT, AND RELATED METHODS AND SYSTEMS

The present disclosure relates to using a source of one or more monosaccharides derived from a pulp or paper mill waste by-product for propagating microorganisms (e.g., yeast or bacteria). If desired, after propagation, the microorganisms can then be used to ferment one or more monosaccharides derived from a pulp or paper mill waste by-product into one or more biochemicals. Optionally, a stillage composition can be included in propagation medium to facilitate propagation and/or a stillage composition can be used to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides in a pulp or paper mill waste by-product to form monosaccharides.

Biological process of decomposition of residual sulphite detergent with possible production of ethanol

VARIANTS OF GAL2 TRANSPORTER AND THEIR USES

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are Gal2 variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to M435, and optionally further amino acid substitution(s). The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing pentose(s), preferably D-xylose and/or L-arabinose.

Variants of Gal2 transporter and their uses

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are Gal2 variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to T354, and optionally further amino acid substitution(s). The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing pentose(s), preferably D-xylose and/or L-arabinose.

VARIANTS OF GAL2 TRANSPORTER AND THEIR USES

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МОНОСАХАРИДОВ ИЛИ ЭТАНОЛА ВМЕСТЕ С СУЛЬФИНИРОВАННЫМ ЛИГНИНОМ ИЗ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОЙ БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения моносахаридов или этанола вместе с сульфированным лигнином из лигноцеллюлозной биомассы. При этом стадия предварительной обработки лигноцеллюлозной биомассы способа представляет собой кислотную варку, где количество SOсоставляет от 10 до 60% мас./мас., а количество основания гидроксидного иона составляет от 1 до 10% мас./мас. Также указанная стадия может представлять собой щелочную варку, где количество NaSOсоставляет 5-60% мас./мас., в то время как количество основания составляет от 5 до 25% мас./мас. Как вариант указанная стадия может представлять собой слабую щелочную варку, где количество NaSOсоставляет от 10 до 60% мас./мас., в то время как количество NaCOсоставляет от 3 до 25% мас./мас. Изобретение обеспечивает получение целевых продуктов с высоким выходом. 28 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил., 3 табл., 7 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТАНОЛА ИЗ СУЛЬФИТНЫХ ЩЕЛОКОВ

Использование: микробиология, целлюлозно-бумажное производство. Для повышения выхода этанола и увеличения объемной скорости образования этанола сульфитный щелок, получаемый при переработке древесины лиственных или смешанных пород в целлюлозу, подвергают подготовке для удаления ингибиторов до содержания фурфурола не более 0,0002%, оксиметилфурфурола не более 0,01%, летучих органических кислот не более 0,2%, веществ лигнофуранового комплекса не более 0,4%, вносят минеральные соли и сбраживают в присутствии дрожжей из ряда Pachysolen tannophilus ВКПМ У - 1532, ВКПМ У - 1533, ВКПМ У - 1632, при 30 - 32°С, pH 4,5 - 5,0, перемешивании и аэрации до насыщения среды кислородом 0,5 - 3,0%, или сульфитный щелок из древесины хвойных пород предварительно сбраживают дрожжами Saccharomyces serevisial. Положительный эффект: комплексная переработка сульфитного щелока в этанол.

METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR THE MICROBIAL BIOCONVERSION OF TOLUENE AND OTHER PHENYL COMPOUNDS

VARIANTS OF GAL2 TRANSPORTER AND THEIR USES

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are Gal2 variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to T354, and optionally further amino acid substitution(s). The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing pentose(s), preferably D-xylose and/or L-arabinose.

CONDITIONING OF SO2-ETHANOL-WATER SPENT LIQUOR FOR FERMENTATION BY CLOSTRIDIA

The present invention relates to producing chemicals and biofuels from wood material, e.g. mixed forest biomass. Specifically, the invention concerns a process for conditioning spent liquor produced by SO2 -ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of wood chips for fermentation to butanol, ethanol and acetone/isopropanol (so called ABE process) by Clostridia bacteria.

Process for preparing bioethanol by fermenting orange residue

The invention relates to a process for preparing bioethanol, in particular to a process for preparing bioethanol by fermenting orange residue, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating orange residue; (2) preparing clear orange residue juice; (3) preparing aspergillus niger suspension; (4) inoculating aspergillus niger; (5) carrying out orthogonal test of fermentation; (6) controlling the pH at 3 to 4; and (7) after-treating, filtering fermentation broth by using multiple layers of gauze after finishing fermenting, and reserving filtrate which is the bioethanol solution. The orange residue is changed into valuable material and used to produce the bioethanol, and the pollution of the orange residue to the environment is reduced.

A method for obtaining alcohol by means of sulphite solutions

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ETHENE FROM CITRUS FRUIT PROCESSING WASTE, THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS AND PLASTIC ARTICLE

The present invention relates to an integrated process for producing rigid and flexible packaging, such as bottles and bags, from citrus fruit skin, pomace and segments, comprising a step of hydrolysis, a first step of removing essential oils, a step of fermentation, a step of separating out and purifying the hydrous ethanol comprising a second removal of essential oils and a step of catalytic dehydration for producing the ethene. The ethene produced can be used for producing polymers such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate, which are used for producing packaging.

Process for the manufacture of ethyl alcohol from citrus molasses

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethyl alcohol from citrus molasses fermentation in which improved yields of ethyl alcohol are obtained by preliminarily removing fermentation inhibiting agents, specifically oils, from the fermenter charge. The process may be carried out in batch or by continuous operation. The alcohol formed in the fermentation step is distilled off at about 190 DEG proof and the latter may then be dehydrated in a molecular sieve column to produce a product substantially free of water. Also a novel oil stripper is presented in order that the oils may be effectively and economically removed prior to fermentation.

Gaertechnische Alkoholgewinnung aus den Ablaugen der Sulfitzellstoffgewinnung

FERMENTATION PRODUCT WITH REDUCED ETHANOL CONTENT

The invention relates to a fermentation product with reduced ethanol content from sugarcontaining fruit juices or other sugar-containing substrates, which is obtainable by the means that a first partial amount of the substrate having a content in fermentable sugars from 5 to 30% by wt. is treated for fermentation with 0.01 to 5% by weight of yeast (calculated as dry substance) and, if need be, with assimilable nitrogen and/or phosphorus compounds, and treated with 0.1 to 2 volume parts of air or amount of oxygen equivalent to air per volume part and minute, until there has been established in the substrate an ethanol content of 1 to 10% by vol., in particular up to 7.5% by vol.; whereupon a second partial amount of the substrated is dosed in under continued gassing with air or with oxygen.

VARIANTS OF GAL2 TRANSPORTER AND THEIR USES

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are Gal2 variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to M435, and optionally further amino acid substitution(s). The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing pentose(s), preferably D-xylose and/or L-arabinose.

METHODS FOR USING PHYTASE IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION

The present disclosure relates to methods for using one or more polypeptides with phytase activity in grain processing, ethanol, and biofuel production.

Improvements in or relating to the treatment of sulphite waste liquor

... 518,318. Treating waste liquors. BOHM KRUMAUER MASCHINEN-PAPIER FABRIKEN IGNAZ SPIRO ET SOHNE AKT.-GES., and HAHN, L. Aug. 22, 1938, No. 24689. [Class 111] [Also in Group VI] Sulphite pulp waste liquor is neutralised to a pH of from 4 to 8, and fermented, without any added nutrient, by means of a fungous culture which is developed on straw wood wool or wood pulp when steeped in sulphite waste liquor. The alcohol produced may be recovered from the fermented liquor or the process may be merely for rendering the liquor innocuous, in which event after fermentation it is run into the drains. As shown, a tank 1 contains infected straw 2 held down by wires 3. After fermentation the liquor is pumped away through sieves 5 and 6 and a fresh supply of liquor run on to the straw.

RESOLUTION OF RACEMATES OF 3-ACYLOXY- BICYCLO-(3.3.0)-OCTANE-7-ONE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS BY STEREO-SPECIFIC ENZYMATIC OR MICROBIOLOGICAL ACYLATE HYDROLYSIS

The invention relates to a method for production of optically active (+)-bicyclo-¢3.3.0!-octanol derivatives of formula (+)-I, (+)-I, where R1 and R2 together imply an oxygen atom or the bivalent radical -O-X-O- where X is a straight-chain or branchedchain alkylene group with 1 - 7 C-atoms or R1 and R2 in each case imply the radical -OR5 with R5 as a straight or branched-chain alkyl group with 1 - 7-C atoms and R3 the radical COOZ with Z as a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched-chain alkyl group with 1 to 7 C-atoms, a cycloalkyl group with 3 to 6 C-atoms, a phenyl group or an aralkyl group with 7 to 10 C-atoms, or R3 implies the radical -(CH2)n-O-COR4 with n having the significance 1 - 4 and R4 being a straight or branched-chain alkyl group with 1 to 7 C-atoms, a cycloalkyl group with 3 to 6 C-atoms, a phenyl group or an aralkyl group with 7 to 10 C-atoms, characterised in that racemic 3.alpha.-acyloxy-cis-bicyclo- ¢3.3.0!-octane derivatives of the formula (?)-II (?)-II, where ...

VARIANTS OF GAL2 TRANSPORTER AND THEIR USES

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are Gal2 variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to M435, and optionally further amino acid substitution(s). The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing pentose(s), preferably D-xylose and/or L-arabinose.

Method of producing ethyl alcohol with the sulphite spent lye

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION BY SULFITE PRETREATMENT

The present invention relates to a process for the production of second generation biofuels and/or sugar based chemicals - for example ethanol, butanol etc - and/or materials - for example plastics, single cell proteins etc. - together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular from lignocellulosic biomass comprising, among others, annual plants, agricultural waste, or wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the production of sugar based chemicals, biofuels or materials together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass comprising the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass in a sulfite cooking step.

CONDITIONING OF SO2-ETHANOL-WATER SPENT LIQUOR FOR FERMENTATION BY CLOSTRIDIA

The present invention relates to producing chemicals and biofuels from wood material, e.g. mixed forest biomass. Specifically, the invention concerns a process for conditioning spent liquor produced by SO2 -ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of wood chips for fermentation to butanol, ethanol and acetone/isopropanol (so called ABE process) by Clostridia bacteria.

METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR THE MICROBIAL BIOCONVERSION OF TOLUENE AND OTHER PHENYL COMPOUNDS

Disclosed and claimed are DNA gene segments, biologically functional plasmids and recombinant plasmids, and microorganism host cells containing such plasmids, all of which contain toluene monooxygenase genes from Pseudomonas mendocina KR-1 and which are useful in a method for the microbial bioconversion of selected phenyl compounds to selected phenolic compounds. In particular, the method is useful for making p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid which is a valuable chemical intermediate in the preparation of certain antibiotics and certain beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

Prodn. of fermentation prod. with reduced ethanol content - by two stage fermentation adding part of substrate after first stage

A fermentation prod. with reduced ethanol content is prepd. from fruit juices or other substrates contg. sugars, by (a) treating part of the substrate, contg. 5-30wt.% of fermentable sugars, with 0.01-5wt.% of yeast (calc. as dry matter), and opt. with assimilable N and P cpds., and with 0.1-2 vols. of air/vol. of substrate/min., or the equiv. amt. of O2, until the ethanol content of the substrate is 1-10 vol.%, and (b) adding the 2nd part of the substrate with continued gassing with air or O2.

Improvements in the Treatment of Waste Sulphite Cellulose Lye.

... 24,738. Onsager, G. T. Oct. 30. Materials for making alcuhol.-In the manufacture of alcohol from waste sulphite cellulose lye by means of yeast and nutriment, the nutriment used is produced by the hydrolysis of milk sugar, preferably that contained in skimmed milk or whey. The skimmed milk or whey and a little acid to precipitate the casein are added to a portion of the waste lye, and the mixture is heated, preferably in vacuo; it is then filtered to remove the casein-lignine sulphonic acid compound, and the filtrate with an addition of lye and a little acid is heated in vacuo to hydrolyse the milk sugar. The liquid is filtered to remove some salts of lime, neutralized with marble powder, and fermented with yeast. The casein-lignine-sulphonic acid compound can be used as a substitute for casein.

Variants of Gal2 transporter and their uses

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are Gal2 variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to T354, and optionally further amino acid substitution(s). The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of bioethanol and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing pentose(s), preferably D-xylose and/or L-arabinose.

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION

The present invention relates to a process for the production of second generation biofuels and/or sugar based chemicals - for example ethanol, butanol etc - and/or materials - for example plastics, single cell proteins etc. - together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular from lignocellulosic biomass comprising, among others, annual plants, agricultural waste, or wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the production of sugar based chemicals, biofuels or materials together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass comprising the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass in a sulfite cooking step.

VARIANTS OF MULTI-GAL2 AND USES THEREOF

processo de obtenção de bioetanol, esperidina e nanocelulose a partir de bagaço de laranja

VARIANTS OF GAL2 TRANSPORTER AND THEIR USES

RACEMATSPALTUNG VON 3-ACYLOXY-BICYCLO(3.3.0)OCTAN-7-ON-2-CARBONSAEUREESTERN DURCH STEREOSPEZIFISCHE ENZYMATISCHE ODER MIKROBIOLOGISCHE ACYLAT-HYDROLYSE.

Prodn. of optically active bicyclo-octanes of formula (I) comprises stereospecific, enzymatic or microbiological hydrolysis of the racemic acyloxy cpd. (II). (+)- (I) is recovered from (-)-(II), or unconverted (+)-(II) is sepd. from (-)-(I), and subjected to chemical acylate hydrolysis. R1 and R2 are together O or -O-X-O-, or individually are OR5; X = 1-7C alkylene; R5 = 1-7C alkyl; R3 = COOZ or (CH2)nOCOR4; Z = H, 1-7C alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, phenyl or 7-10C aralkyl; n = 1-4; and R4 is as Z but not H.

Lignocellulosic biomass conversion by sulfite pretreatment

The present invention relates to a process for the production of second generation biofuels and/or sugar based chemicals - for example ethanol, butanol etc - and/or materials - for example plastics, single cell proteins etc. - together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular from lignocellulosic biomass comprising, among others, annual plants, agricultural waste, or wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the production of sugar based chemicals, biofuels or materials together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass comprising the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass in a sulfite cooking step.

METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR THE MICROBIAL BIOCONVERSION OF TOLUENE AND OTHER PHENYL COMPOUNDS

Disclosed and claimed are DNA gene segments, biologically functional plasmids and recombinant plasmids, and microorganism host cells containing such plasmids, all of which contain toluene monooxygenase genes from Pseudomonas mendocina KR-1 and which are useful in a method for the microbial bioconversion of selected phenyl compounds to selected phenolic compounds. In particular, the method is useful for making p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid which is a valuable chemical intermediate in the preparation of certain antibiotics and certain .beta.adrenergic blocking agents.

Lacto-butyric and cellulosolytic fermentation of waste liquors of the manufacture of the paper pulp

A FERMENTATION METHOD

This invention relates generally to methods for increasing the efficiency of microbial growth and production of products, such as alcohols and acids by microbial fermentation of substrates containing carbon monoxide. More particularly the invention relates to the provision of an alternative sulphur source to a liquid nutrient medium, such that sulphur is available to one or more microorganisms of the fermentation.

Preparation of high fructose syrups from citrus residues

The sugar content of citrus press liquor is enhanced by separating citrus solids, extracting fructose, glucose, and sucrose from the solids, and recombining the aqueous extract to increase the sugar content thereof. By inversion of the sucrose present in the sugar-enhanced press liquor, a high fructose syrup can be readily obtained which is indistinguishable from high fructose corn syrup. When separation is effected by centrifugation, a biocidally active colloidal phase is formed from which citrus terpenes and limonene can be extracted, resulting in a press liquor suitable for fermentation. The solid residue remaining after extraction can also be recycled with the remaining press cake.

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING A LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

A process for converting a lignocellulosic biomass comprising 1. A process comprising the steps of:a) converting a lignocellulosic biomass into a fuel and producing an aqueous waste stream comprising at least one dissolved organic material and at least one dissolved sulfur-containing compound, wherein the aqueous waste stream has a sulfur content of more than 400 parts per million by weight, relative to the weight of the aqueous waste stream; andb) treating the aqueous waste stream, said treating comprises anaerobic digestion of a mixture comprising a first aqueous feed comprising the aqueous waste stream and a second aqueous feed, wherein the mixture has a sulfur content of at most 400 parts per million by weight, relative to the weight of the mixture.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second aqueous feed comprises at least one dissolved sulfur-containing compound and has a sulfur content of less than 400 parts per million by weight claim 1 , relative to the weight of the second aqueous feed.3. The process of wherein the second aqueous feed does not comprise a dissolved sulfur-containing compound and does not have a sulfur content.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved organic materials comprise one or more of alcohols claim 1 , monosaccharides claim 1 , disaccharides claim 1 , oligosaccharides claim 1 , polysaccharides claim 1 , aldehydes claim 1 , vegetable oils claim 1 , and volatile vegetable acids.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first aqueous feed has a Chemical oxygen demand of at most 10mg oxygen per liter of the first aqueous feed.6. The process of wherein the Chemical oxygen demand is in the range of from 5×10mg oxygen per liter of the first aqueous feed to 8×10mg oxygen per liter of the first aqueous feed.7. The process of wherein the chemical oxygen demand is in the range of from 1×10mg oxygen per liter of the first aqueous feed to 7×10mg oxygen per liter of the first aqueous feed.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein step a) ...

Gärprodukt mit vermindertem Ethanolgehalt.

YEAST FOR ALCOHOL FERMENTATION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL USING THE SAME

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide yeast for alcohol fermentation, which exhibits stable alcohol fermentation ability without being influenced by fermentation conditions such as pH, solid content concentration, etc., of sugar solution, above all, has alcohol fermentation ability not to be inhibited, excellent acid resistance and fermentation stability even if added to a sugar solution adjusted to a pH of about 5 or a sugar solution having a solid content adjusted to ≥20 wt.%, and a method for producing ethanol using the yeast. SOLUTION: The yeast grows at a pH of about 5 and belongs to the genus Saccharomyces for alcohol fermentation. The method for producing ethanol includes using yeast growing at a pH of about 5 and belonging to the genus Saccharomyces for alcohol fermentation in ethanol fermentation of a sugar solution obtained by hydrolyzing woody plants and/or grass plants. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT ...

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur ununterbrochenen Vergaerung von zuckerarmen Gaerfluessigkeiten auf Alkohol

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkohol aus anfallender Sulfitablauge der Zellstoffindustrie

XYLOSE-FERMENTING RECOMBINANT YEAST STRAINS

RACEMIC DISSOCIATION OF 3-ACYLOXILIC-BICYCLO(3.3.0)OCTANE-7-ONE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS BY STEREOSPECIFIC ENZYME OR MICROBIOLOGICAL ACYLATE HYDROLYSIS

Lignocellulosic biomass conversion by sulfite pretreatment

The present invention relates to a process for the production of second generation biofuels and/or sugar based chemicals - for example ethanol, butanol etc - and/or materials - for example plastics, single cell proteins etc. - together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular from lignocellulosic biomass comprising, among others, annual plants, agricultural waste, or wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the production of sugar based chemicals, biofuels or materials together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass comprising the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass in a sulfite cooking step.

Fractionation of a lignocellulosic material

Racemic dissociation of 3-acyloxy bicyclo(3.3.0)octan-7-one-2-carboxylic acid esters by stereospecific enzymatic or microbiological acylate hydrolysis

Process for the production of optically active (+)-bicyclo[3.3.0]octanol derivatives of formula (+)-I, in which R1 and R2 represent jointly an oxygen atom or the double-bond residue --O--X--O-- with X as a straight or branched-chain alkylene with 1-7 C-atoms, or R1 and R2 represent separately the residue OR5 with R5 as a straight or branched-chain alkyl with 1-7 C-atoms, and R3 the residue COOZ with Z as a hydrogen atom, straight or branched chain alkyl with 1-7 C atoms, cycloalkyl with 3-6 C atoms, phenyl or aralkyl with 7-10 atoms or R3 is the residue --(CH2)n --O--COR4 with n having the meaning 1-4 and R4 as a straight or branched-chain alkyl with 1-7 C atoms, cycloalkyl with 3-6 C atoms, phenyl or aralkyl with 7-10 C atoms. The process is characterized in that racemic 3α-cyloxy-cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]-octane derivatives of formula (+)-II, wherein R1, R2 R3 and R4 have the above meanings, are subjected enzymatically or microbiologically to a stereospecific acylate hydrolsis and the (+)-bicyclo ...

A process for the simultaneous production of xylitol and ethanol

Effective processes are provided for the production of xylitol and ethanol and other products from solutions derived from lignocellulose-containing material in biomass. The solutions can be hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed before being fermented with microbes. The fermented solution can be distilled and can be subsequently separated, such as, by chromatographic separation, membrane separation, etc. The recovered xylitol solution can be crystallized to provide pure xylitol crystals.

RACEMIC DISSOCIATION OF 3-ACYLOXILIC-BICYCLO(3.3.0)OCTANE-7-ONE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS BY STEREOSPECIFIC ENZYME OR MICROBIOLOGICAL ACYLATE HYDROLYSIS

UTILIZAÇÃO DE BIOCIDA NATURAL NO PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL DE DIVERSAS FONTES

Framställning av mångahanda biprodukter från fasta citrusrester

VERFAHREN ZUR SCHAUMBEKAEMPFUNG BEI DER HERSTELLUNG VON ETHANOL AUF BASIS VON SULFITABLAUGE

Fractionation of a lignocellulosic material

METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR THE MICROBIAL BIOCONVERSION OF TOLUENE AND PHENYL COMPOUNDS

RACEMIC DISSOCIATION OF 3-ACYLOXILIC-BICYCLO[3.3.0]OCTANE-7-ONE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS BY STEREOSPECIFIC ENZYME OR MICROBIOLOG ICAL ACYLATE HYDROLYSIS

Process for the production of optically active (+)-bicyclo[3.3.0]octanol derivatives of formula (+)-I, in which R1 and R2 represent jointly an oxygen atom or the double-bond residue -O-X-O-, with X as a straight or branched-chain alkylene with 1-7 C-atoms, or R1 and R2 represent separately the residue OR5, with R5 as a straight or branched-chain alkyl with 1-7 C-atoms, and R3 the residue COOZ with Z as a hydrogen atom, straight or branched chain alkyl with 1-7 C atoms, cycloalkyl with 3-6 C atoms, phenyl or aralkyl with 7-10 C atoms or R3 is the residue -(CH2)n-O-COR4, with n having the meaning 1-4 and R4 as a straight or branched-chain alkyl with 1-7 C atoms, cycloalkyl with 3-6 C atoms, phenyl or aralkyl with 7-10 C atoms. The process is characterized in that racemic 3alpha-cyloxy-cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]-octane derivatives of formula (U)-II, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the above meanings, are subjected enzymatically or microbiologically to a stereospecific acylate hydrolysis and the (+) ...

FERMENTATION PRODUCT WITH REDUCED ETHANOL CONTENT

VARIANTS OF GAL2 TRANSPORTER AND THEIR USES

Planar patch clamp electrodes

The present invention relates to ionic electrodes, particularly microelectrodes and electrode arrays, and also relates to fabrication methods for such electrodes. In particular, the present invention relates to planar polymer electrodes for making patch clamp measurements of ionic currents through biological membranes, such as the plasma membranes of living cells. The electrodes of the present invention are useful for measuring individual and multisite cell membrane currents and voltages, as well as in high-throughput screening procedures.

USE OF BACTERIAL BIOFILMS IN OENOLOGY

A method for preparing a fermented drink is described. The method comprises the initiation of fermentation by inoculating the fermentable drink with fermentative bacteria in the form of biofilm.

PROCEDE D'OBTENTION DE L'ACIDE GLUCONIQUE

Production Of Pure Lignin From Lignocellulosic Biomass

The present invention is directed to a process of producing substantially pure lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, which comprises: pre-treating a lignocellulosic feedstock to produce a reactive lignin-carbohydrate mixture; biologically-reacting the carbohydrates in the mixture, separating remaining solids from the liquid fermentation products, and drying the resulting solids to yield a substantially pure lignin product. Optionally, the lignin product may be washed and subjected to a second hydrolysis step. Optionally, the lignin product may be further processed by hydrotreating and/or pyrolysis in order to yield desirable products such as fuel additives.

Constructs expressing chimeric receptors and use thereof for the controlled activation of defence response to pathogens in plants

The present invention relates to a construct able to express in at least one plant tissue, a chimeric receptor, said chimeric receptor being essentially made of the extracellular region, comprising the external juxtamembrane portion, of a first kinase receptor R1; and the transmembrane region and the intracellular region, comprising the internal juxtamembrane portion, of a second kinase receptor R2, wherein R1 and R2 are different and uses thereof.

Yeast Strain and Method for Using the Same to Produce Nicotinamide Riboside

The present invention embraces a fungal strain deficient in nicotinamide riboside import and salvage and use thereof for producing nicotinamide riboside. Methods for producing nicotinamide riboside and a nicotinamide riboside-supplemented food product using the strain of the invention are also provided.

Fermentation of carbohydrate

A high yield method for fermenting carbohydrate to ethanol, comprising a) treating carbohydrate with a composition containing 10-90 wt. % of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of an formaldehyde, para-formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and mixtures thereof, 1-50 wt. % of a surfactant having an I JLB from 4 to 18, 0-20 wt. % of an antimicrobial terpene, or essential oils, 1-50 wt. % of organic acids selected from C 1-24 fatty acids, their salts, and glyceride esters thereof, and 1-50 wt. % water, b) fermenting said carbohydrate in the presence of yeast in a fermentation broth, and c) isolating ethanol in a higher yield than would be obtained without step a).

Microorganisms Having Enhanced Tolerance To Inhibitors and Stress

The present invention provides genetically modified strains of microorganisms that display enhanced tolerance to stress and/or inhibitors such as sodium acetate and vanillin. The enhanced tolerance can be achieved by increasing the expression of a protein of the Sm-like superfamily such as a bacterial Hfq protein and a fungal Sm or Lsm protein. Further, the present invention provides methods of producing alcohol from biomass materials by using the genetically modified microorganisms of the present invention.

Systems and processes for producing biofuels from biomass

Systems and processes for converting bulky lignocellulosic biomass to high density biomass products, including biofuels, are described. The systems and processes relate to treating freshly harvested plant materials, generally at or in close proximity to sites where the plant materials are harvested, to effect saccharification, alcoholic fermentation, or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, thereby providing a biomass slurry. The biomass slurry is extracted to provide liquid extracts comprising biomass-derived water and water soluble biomass saccharification and fermentation products, including fermentable sugars and alcohols. The biomass slurry extracts can be transported via pipeline to other locations for fermentation, further saccharification, and/or purification to provide biofuel. Alternatively, the biomass slurry can be used to prepare a biomass slurry that can be transported via pipeline.

ACETATE-RESISTANT YEAST STRAIN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A FERMENTATION PRODUCT

The present invention provides methods and compositions for fermentations comprising acetate-resistant yeast. The present invention provides methods for use of acetate-resistant yeast for the production of fermentation products. 1Saccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiae. A method for fermentation comprising: providing at least one acetate-resistant NRRL YB-1952 cell or a genetically modified derivative of said NRRL YB-1952 cell and a fermentation medium comprising acetate; culturing said at least one acetate-resistant NRRL YB-1952 cell or a genetically modified derivative of said NRRL YB-1952 cell in said fermentation medium under conditions such that said at least one acetate-resistant NRRL YB-1952 cell or a genetically modified derivative of said NRRL YB-1952 cell produces at least one fermentation product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fermentation medium comprises at least 6 g/L acetate.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising collecting said fermentation product.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said collecting comprises distilling said fermentation product from said culture medium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fermentation medium comprises saccharified lignocellulose.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fermentation medium comprises lignocellulose feedstock that has been pretreated.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said saccharified lignocellulose is produced by enzymatic and/or acidic pretreatment of said lignocellulose feedstock.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fermentation product is an alcohol.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said alcohol is ethanol.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fermentation medium further comprises at least one organic acid in addition to said acetate.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said at least one organic acid is present in said fermentation medium at a concentration of at least 6 ...

FERMENTATION SYSTEM AND FERMENTATION METHOD USING SACCHARIDE SOLUTION

An alcohol production system that produces alcohol by alcoholic fermentation using a saccharide solution, including an alcoholic fermentation vessel in which the saccharide solution is fermented by adding yeast to produce alcohol, which is an organic feedstock, and a biomass-hydrothermally-treated-product adding means that adds a biomass hydrothermally-treated product obtained by hydrothermally treating a biomass feedstock to the alcoholic fermentation vessel. The alcohol production system can improve alcoholic fermentation efficiency and realize cost reduction without adding only a mineral salt from outside. 1. A fermentation system using a saccharide solution , which is an alcohol production system that produces alcohol by fermentation of the saccharide solution ,the fermentation system comprising:a fermentation vessel for fermenting the saccharide solution by adding yeast so as to produce an organic feedstock; anda biomass-hydrothermally-treated-product adding unit for adding biomass hydrothermally-treated product obtained by hydrothermally treating a biomass feedstock to the fermentation vessel.2. The fermentation system according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass hydrothermally-treated product is either one or both of a solid residual fraction and a hydrothermally treated fraction.3. The fermentation system according to claim 1 , further comprising an addition piping for adding either one or both of a fermentation residual fraction and a distillation residual fraction to the fermentation vessel individually or in addition to the biomass hydrothermally-treated product.4. The fermentation system according to claim 3 , wherein either one or both of the fermentation residual fraction and the distillation residual fraction are hydrothermally treated by a hydrothermal decomposition device claim 3 , and a hydrothermally treated product is then added to the fermentation vessel.5. The fermentation system according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass hydrothermally-treated ...

METHODS OF REMOVING INHIBITORS FROM CELLULOSIC BIOMASS AND PRODUCING ALCOHOLS

A method of removing a fermentation inhibitor from an aqueous mixture of hydrolysis products from cellulosic biomass is disclosed. The method includes providing an aqueous mixture of hydrolysis products from cellulosic biomass, the hydrolysis products comprising at least one of pentose or hexose sugars and a fermentation inhibitor that inhibits a microorganism otherwise capable of fermenting pentose or hexose sugars; and at least partially extracting the fermentation inhibitor from the aqueous mixture with a first extractant by a first liquid-liquid extraction through a first porous membrane to provide a first extract and a raffmate, the first extractant having a water solubility of less than one percent by weight. In some embodiments, the aqueous mixture contains an insufficient amount of the microorganism to ferment the aqueous mixture. In some embodiments, the aqueous mixture is a fermentation broth. A membrane solvent extraction system for carrying out the method is also disclosed. 1. A method of removing a fermentation inhibitor from an aqueous mixture of hydrolysis products from cellulosic biomass , the method comprising:providing the aqueous mixture of hydrolysis products from cellulosic biomass, the hydrolysis products comprising at least one of pentose or hexose sugars and a fermentation inhibitor that inhibits a microorganism otherwise capable of fermenting at least one of pentose or hexose sugars; andat least partially extracting the fermentation inhibitor from the aqueous mixture with a first extractant by a first liquid-liquid extraction through a first porous membrane to provide a first extract and a raffinate, the first extractant having a water solubility of less than one percent by weight,wherein the raffinate has a lower concentration of the fermentation inhibitor than the aqueous mixture.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the first extractant becomes entrained in the raffinate claim 1 , the method further comprising:at least partially ...

METHOD TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS OF FUEL PRODUCTION

The present invention provides a method for reducing life cycle GHG emissions associated with production of a liquid fuel or fuel intermediate. The method comprises: fermenting sugar to produce biogenic carbon dioxide and the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate; collecting an amount of biogenic carbon dioxide generated from the fermentation; and supplying the biogenic carbon dioxide for use in one or more enhanced oil or gas recovery sites for displacement of geologic carbon dioxide. Further provided is a method comprising receiving an amount of carbon dioxide from an apparatus for delivering carbon dioxide to one or more enhanced oil or gas recovery sites so as to displace the use of geologic carbon dioxide at the site. The carbon dioxide received has the GHG emission attributes of the biogenic carbon dioxide introduced to the apparatus. 1. A method for reducing life cycle GHG emissions associated with production of a liquid fuel or fuel intermediate comprising:(i) producing sugar from plant derived organic material;(ii) fermenting the sugar to produce biogenic carbon dioxide and the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate;(iii) collecting an amount of biogenic carbon dioxide generated from the step of fermenting; and(iv) supplying the biogenic carbon dioxide from step (iii) for use in one or more enhanced oil recovery sites or in one or more enhanced gas recovery sites for displacement of geologic carbon dioxide,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the life cycle GHG emissions associated with the production or use of the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate are reduced by at least 1.5 g COeq/MJ relative to a production process baseline as a result of displacement of geologic carbon dioxide.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the displacement results from taking out of use a first amount of geologic carbon dioxide at the one or more enhanced oil recovery sites or the one or more enhanced gas recovery sites and supplying an amount of biogenic carbon dioxide at the one or more enhanced oil ...

Fermentation Process

The present invention relates to methods of enhancing fermentation for the production of fermentation products. Specifically, the invention relates to enhancing fermentation in processes of producing ethanol from plant material using one or more fermenting organisms. 1. A method of fermenting sugars derived from plant material in a fermentation medium using a fermenting organism , wherein one or more GH61 polypeptides are added to the fermentation medium.2. A process of producing a fermentation product from lignocellulose-containing material , comprising the steps of:(a) pre-treating lignocellulose-containing material;(b) hydrolyzing the material;(c) fermenting with a fermenting organism wherein one or more GH61 polypeptides are present in the fermentation medium.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulose-containing material originates from materials selected from the group consisting of corn stover claim 1 , corn cobs claim 1 , corn fiber claim 1 , hardwood claim 1 , softwood claim 1 , cereal straw claim 1 , wheat straw claim 1 , switchgrass claim 1 , rice hulls claim 1 , Miscanthus claim 1 , municipal solid waste claim 1 , industrial organic waste claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , and office paper claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulose-containing material is chemically claim 1 , mechanically or biologically pre-treated in step (a).5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermenting organism is a C6 or C5 fermenting organism.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation product is ethanol.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation product is recovered by distillation.810-. (canceled) The present invention relates to methods of enhancing fermentation for the production of fermentation products. Specifically, the invention relates to enhancing fermentation in processes of producing ethanol from plant material using one or more fermenting organisms.A vast number of commercial products that are ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL TO ETHANOL

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced. The fibre fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises: 1. A method for conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol and other products , the cellulosic material comprising at least cellulose , lignin , hemicellulose and ash , in which method the cellulosic material is cleaned and subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of acids or bases or other chemicals , which must be recovered , and in which method a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced , the fibre fraction being subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification , the method including ethanol fermentation and product recovery , the method comprising:performing the hydrothermal pre-treatment by subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one soaking operation, and conveying the cellulosic material through at least one pressurised reactor defining a reactor pressure zone at an elevated pressure; the cellulosic material being heated to a temperature between 170 and 230° C., and subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one pressing operation, creating a fibre fraction and a liquid fraction;selecting the temperature and residence time for the hydrothermal pretreatment, so that the fibrous structure of the feedstock is maintained and at least 80% of the lignin is maintained in the fibre fraction;unloading the pressed fibre fraction from the reactor pressure zone to a downstream closed zone, which is at a lower pressure than the reactor pressure zone, while collecting the released steam without access for air;unloading the liquid fraction from the pressurised ...

Method for dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks

The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of a lignocellulosic feedstock involving acid pretreatment. The process comprises the steps of treating the lignocellulosic feedstock with alkali at a pH of between about 8.0 and about 12.0 so as to dissolve acetyl groups present on said lignocellulosic feedstock, while converting less than about 10% of the xylan present in the lignocellulosic feedstock to xylose and less than about 10% of the cellulose to glucose, thereby producing an alkali conditioned feedstock. The alkali conditioned feedstock is then pretreated at a temperature of about 160° C. to about 250° C., at a pH of about 0.5 to about 2.5 for about 0.5 to about 10 minutes so as to hydrolyze about 80 to 100% of the xylan and about 3 to about 15% of the cellulose to produce an acid pretreated feedstock comprising cellulose. The cellulose in the pretreated feedstock can be hydrolyzed to glucose with cellulase and the glucose can be fermented to produce a fermentation product.

SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF BIOMASS TO FACILITATE THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL

A method for treating biomass to be supplied to a fermentation system for the production of a fermentation product is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of pre-treating the biomass into pre-treated biomass; separating the pre-treated biomass into a first component comprising glucan and a second component comprising sugars; providing a combined component comprising at least a portion of the first component and at least a portion of the second component; and treating the combined component of the pre-treated biomass into a treated component comprising glucose by application of an enzyme formulation. A system for treating biomass to be supplied to a fermentation system for the production of a fermentation product is also disclosed. The system comprises an apparatus configured to pre-treat the biomass; a separator configured to separate the pre-treated biomass; and a vessel configured to contain a combined component. 1. A method for treating biomass to be supplied to a fermentation system for production of a fermentation product comprising the steps of:pre-treating the biomass into pre-treated biomass;separating the pre-treated biomass into a first component comprising glucan and a second component comprising sugars;providing a combined component comprising at least a portion of the first component and at least a portion of the second component;treating the combined component of the pre-treated biomass into a treated component comprising glucose by application of an enzyme formulation, wherein the treated component comprises about 2% to about 15% glucose by weight; andwherein the biomass comprises lignocellulosic material comprising at least one of corn cobs, corn plant husks, corn plant leaves, and corn plant stalks.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated component comprises a hydrolysate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrolysate is treated to increase a concentration of sugars prior to fermentation.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first ...

Conversion System For Biomass

The efficient production of ethanol from low-cost biomass (e.g., corn, sugar beets, sugar cane, switchgrass and/or paper) has become increasingly important in making ethanol competitive with gasoline and decreasing the United States' dependence on foreign oil. For example, to reduce the cost of transporting biomass to ethanol production facilities, mobile systems for producing ethanol from biomass are provided. Also provided are small-scale ethanol production facilities. For example, instead of transporting biomass to the production facility, the facility is transported to the biomass or is located nearby the source of the biomass. The ethanol production facilities or components thereof may be transported via land, water, or air. Production of other products, such as hydrocarbons, natural gas, hydrogen gas, plastics, polymers, and proteins, can also be made by the methods and facilities. Any product described herein can be made in finished form or un-finished form and moved, e.g., to a fixed facility, e.g., fixed production facility. 1. A method of producing a product from biomass comprising:producing a pre-processed biomass by texturizing or opening up a cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass at a first site utilizing portable components of a system for processing biomass,transporting the pre-processed biomass to a second site including components of the system for processing biomass, andproducing a product from the pre-processed biomass with the components of the system at the second site, wherein producing comprises utilizing a reactor or converter to convert the pre-processed biomass into sugars using a microorganism and/or enzyme.2. The method of wherein the portable components at the first site are selected from the group consisting of cutters claim 1 , shearing devices claim 1 , mills claim 1 , holding containers and mixtures thereof.3. The method of wherein the portable components include a mill.4. The method of wherein the portable components include a ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM A BYPRODUCT OF AN ETHANOL PRODUCTION FACILITY

A process of producing ethanol from whole stillage, includes obtaining a supply of whole stillage from an ethanol production facility after ethanol has been extracted therefrom; pre-treating the whole stillage to convert hemicellulose portions of the whole stillage into sugars; adding enzymes to the whole stillage to convert cellulose portions of the whole stillage to sugars; fermenting the whole stillage to create a beer mixture; and distilling the beer mixture to separate ethanol therefrom. The pre-treating step may include adding acid to the whole stillage to decrease its pH level; heating and pressurizing the whole stillage; holding the whole stillage under pressure and heat for a dwell time; removing pressure from the whole stillage to cause flashing; and cooling the whole stillage before the enzymes are added. 1. A process of producing ethanol from whole stillage , the method comprising:obtaining a supply of whole stillage from an ethanol production facility; adding acid to the whole stillage to decrease its pH level;', 'heating and pressurizing the whole stillage in a hydro-heater where steam is injected to cause cavitation of the whole stillage;', 'holding the whole stillage under pressure and heat for a dwell time;', 'removing pressure from the whole stillage to cause flashing;', 'cooling the whole stillage;, 'pre-treating the whole stillage to convert hemicellulose portions of the whole stillage into sugars, the pre-treating step comprisingadding enzymes to the whole stillage to covert cellulose portions of the whole stillage into sugars;fermenting the whole stillage to create a beer mixture;distilling the beer mixture to separate ethanol therefrom;transferring the ethanol from the distilling step to the ethanol production facility to be combined with ethanol produced by the ethanol production facility.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the enzymes added include cellulase claim 1 , cellobiohydrolase claim 1 , and beta-glucosidase. The present application ...

Heterologous Expression of Urease in Anaerobic, Thermophilic Hosts

The invention is directed to the heterologous expression of urease in anaerobic thermophilic hosts, such as , and other related genera. For example, the anaerobic thermophilic host can be . The host cells express the catalytic subunits of the urease enzyme together with the accessory proteins ureDEFG that facilitate protein folding and nickel activation. The invention further relates to the use of urea as a nitrogen source in the growth of microorganisms involved in consolidated bioprocessing systems. 1. A recombinant anaerobic , thermophilic host cell comprising one or more heterologous polynucleotides encoding (a) at least two catalytic subunits of a urease enzyme and (b) four urease accessory proteins.2ThermoanaerobacterThermoananerbacterium.. The recombinant anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic host cell of claim 1 , wherein said host is of the genus or3T. saccharolyticum.. The recombinant anaerobic claim 2 , thermophilic host cell of claim 2 , wherein said host is4. The recombinant anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic host cell of claim 1 , wherein said host heterologously expresses three catalytic subunits of a urease enzyme.5. The recombinant anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic host cell of claim 1 , wherein said catalytic subunits are selected from group consisting of urease α claim 1 , β and γ.6. The recombinant anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic host cell of claim 1 , wherein said accessory proteins are urease D claim 1 , E claim 1 , F claim 1 , and G.7. The recombinant anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic host cell of claim 1 , wherein said urease catalytic subunits and accessory proteins are derived from an anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic organism that natively expresses the urease enzyme.8Clostridium thermocellum.. The recombinant anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic host cell of claim 1 , wherein said urease catalytic subunits and accessory proteins are derived from9. The recombinant anaerobic claim 1 , thermophilic host cell of claim 1 , wherein nickel in the host cell ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL USING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS AS RAW MATERIAL

A method for producing ethanol by alcohol fermentation of a saccharide obtained by hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass in a supercritical or subcritical state, wherein excessive decomposition and caramelization of the saccharide are inhibited to prevent a reduction in yield of the saccharide, and flash steam is effectively used. The method for producing ethanol of the present invention is characterized in that in a saccharification/decomposition step, a slurry after saccharification/decomposition, is flash-evaporated in a first flash tank so as to have a temperature of 150° C. to 200° C.; the slurry after saccharification/decomposition, which is taken from the first flash tank, is further flash-evaporated in a second flash tank so as to have a temperature of 100° C. to 120° C.; and first flash steam generated from the first flash tank is used as a heat source in the saccharification/decomposition step or a distillation step. 1. A method for producing ethanol using cellulosic biomass as a raw material , the method comprising:a saccharification/decomposition step of performing saccharification/decomposition of cellulosic biomass by bringing a slurry of cellulosic biomass into a supercritical or subcritical state;a fermentation step of alcohol-fermenting a saccharified solution obtained in the saccharification/decomposition step; anda distillation step of distilling a fermented liquid obtained by the fermentation step to concentrate ethanol, whereinin the saccharification/decomposition step, the slurry after saccharification/decomposition is flash-evaporated in a first flash tank so as to have a temperature of 150° C. to 200° C. (inclusive), and retention time, in the first flash tank, of the slurry after saccharification/decomposition is 3 minutes or less,the slurry after saccharification/decomposition, which is taken from the first flash tank, is further flash-evaporated in a second flash tank so as to have a temperature of 100° C. to 120° C. (inclusive), anda first flash ...

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

Systems and methods for cooling and processing materials are disclosed. 121-. (canceled)22. A method comprising:adding water to a biomass material to swell the biomass material;cooling the swollen biomass material; andcomminuting and/or grinding the cooled swollen biomass.23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:contacting the comminuted cooled biomass material with an enzyme and/or a microorganism.24. The method of claim 22 , wherein comminuting and/or grinding is performed before the biomass material is cooled.25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the swollen biomass material is cooled to or below about 273 degrees Kelvin.26. The method of claim 22 , wherein the swollen biomass is cooled sufficiently to freeze the swollen biomass.27. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:irradiating the biomass before adding the water to the biomass.28. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:irradiating the biomass after adding the water to the biomass.29. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:irradiating the biomass after comminution of the cooled swollen biomass.30. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:separating lignin from cellulose after cooling.31. The method of claim 23 , wherein the biomass material comprises cellulose claim 23 , and wherein contacting the material comprises utilizing an enzyme to saccharify the cellulose.32. The method of claim 22 , wherein cooling is performed in a freeze grinding or freeze milling device.33. The method of claim 23 , wherein contacting the material comprises utilizing a microorganism to produce an alcohol.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the alcohol comprises butanol.35. The method of claim 33 , wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol.36. The method of claim 22 , wherein cooling comprises cooling the material to a temperature below the brittle point of the material.37. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:performing additional rounds of cooling and comminuting and/or grinding.38. The method of claim ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOETHANOL BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE

A process for producing bioethanol includes the steps of pretreatment (consisting in destructuring the lignocellulosic vegetable raw material by placing it in the presence of a mixture containing formic acid, acetic acid and water, then in separating cellulose), of enzymatic hydrolysis and of alcoholic fermentation, characterized in that it includes, prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis, a step of partial elimination of the lignins so as to obtain a residual overall level of lignins (T), expressed as percentage by weight, which is non-zero and which is included in a range determined by a lower limit, and an upper limit Bsup, respectively equal to 0.30% and 4%. In order to obtain conditions of acidification before the enzymatic hydrolysis step, the process includes a step for re-acidification of the mixture, which is carried out with an acid, or of a mixture of acids, of determined pKa, and preferably with weak organic. 2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the residual overall level of lignins (T) is included in a range determined by a lower limit (Llow) and an upper limit (Lupp) claim 1 , respectively equal to 0.35% and 3.5%.3. Process according to claim 2 , characterized in that the residual overall level of lignins (T) is equal to approximately 1.65%.4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that said step for partial elimination of the lignins is carried out by means of a treatment with sodium hydroxide claim 1 , followed by a washing step intended to eliminate the residual sodium hydroxide before the enzymatic hydrolysis step.5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , in order to obtain conditions of acidification before the enzymatic hydrolysis step claim 1 , the process comprises a step for re-acidification of the mixture claim 1 , which is carried out by means of an acid claim 1 , or of a mixture of acids claim 1 , of determined pKa claim 1 , and in particular by means of weak organic acids such as acetic acid ...

ENHANCING FERMENTATION OF STARCH- AND SUGAR-BASED FEEDSTOCKS

Provided are methods, systems, and compositions for increasing the rate and/or yield of fermentation processes using blended feedstocks. Also provided are methods, systems, and compositions for decreasing the yield of one or more undesirable products during fermentation. 1. A method of producing one or more fermentation end-products comprising:(a) combining a first biomass with one or more cellulosic-derived C6 monosaccharides to produce a blended feedstock in a broth;(b) contacting the blended feedstock with one or more biocatalysts; and(c) fermenting the first biomass and the one or more cellulosic-derived C6 monosaccharides for sufficient time to produce one or more fermentation end-products from the blended feedstock, wherein a yield of at least one of the one or more fermentation end-products is increased relative to fermentation of the first biomass without the one or more cellulosic-derived C6 monosaccharides.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield of the at least one of the one or more fermentation end-products is increased by about 1% to about 100% relative to fermentation of the first biomass without the one or more cellulosic-derived C6 monosaccharides.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more fermentation end-products is produced at a rate that is faster relative to fermentation of the first biomass without the one or more cellulosic-derived C6 monosaccharides.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more fermentation end-products is produced at a rate that is about 1% to about 100% faster relative to fermentation of the first biomass without the one or more cellulosic-derived C6 monosaccharides.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cellulosic-derived C6 monosaccharides are at a concentration that differs from a concentration of saccharides in the first biomass by less than +/−50% claim 1 , wherein the concentration of saccharides in the first biomass is in monosaccharide equivalents.6. The ...

METHODS FOR DETOXIFYING A LIGNOCELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATE

The present disclosure relates to methods for detoxifying a hydrolysate obtained from a lignocellulosic biomass and methods of producing ethanol from the detoxified hydrolysate. The present methods provide detoxified hydrolysates in which the quantity of compounds that are deleterious to fermenting microorganisms are substantially reduced relative to the starting hydrolysate and in which the amount of total fermentable sugars loss is minimal. 1. A method of reducing the toxicity of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate towards a fermenting organism , or for reducing at least a portion of one inhibitor to a fermenting organism from a lignocellulosic hydrolysate , comprising the steps of:(a) mixing a starting solution of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate obtained from a lignocellulosic biomass, said starting solution comprising a mixture of fermentable sugars, furan aldehydes, and aliphatic acids, with a first base or a first mixture of bases in an amount sufficient to raise the pH of the solution to between 3 and 8; and(b) mixing the solution produced in step (a) with a second base or a second mixture of bases in an amount sufficient to raise the pH of the solution to between 7 and 10 and for a time sufficient to eliminate at least 40% of the furan aldehydes in the lignocellulosic hydrolysate,thereby reducing the toxicity of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first base and the second base are the same.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first base and the second base are different.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first base is added in amount sufficient to raise the solution to a pH between 3 and 5.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first base is added in amount sufficient to raise the solution to a pH between 4 and 6.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second base is added in amount sufficient to raise the solution to a pH between 8 and 10.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second base is added in amount sufficient to ...

METHODS FOR DETOXIFYING A LIGNOCELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATE

The present disclosure relates to methods for detoxifying a hydrolysate obtained from a lignocellulosic biomass and methods of producing ethanol from the detoxified hydrolysate. The present methods provide detoxified hydrolysates in which the quantity of compounds that are deleterious to fermenting microorganisms are substantially reduced relative to the starting hydrolysate and in which the amount of fermentable sugars loss is minimal. 1. A method of reducing the toxicity of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate towards a fermenting organism , or for reducing at least a portion of one inhibitor to a fermenting organism from a lignocellulosic hydrolysate , comprising the step of mixing a starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution , said starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution comprising a mixture of fermentable sugars , furan aldehydes and aliphatic acids , with a magnesium base selected from magnesium hydroxide , magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide for a period of time and under conditions that result in the formation of a detoxified hydrolysate solution comprising at least 90% of the total fermentable sugars present in the starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution and no greater than 40% of furan aldehydes present in the starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution , thereby reducing the toxicity of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium base is magnesium hydroxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium base is magnesium carbonate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium base is magnesium oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a temperature of between 40° C. and 70° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a temperature of between 45° C. and 50° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a pH in the range from 6.2 to 9.5.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a pH in the range from 6.5 to 8.9. The method of claim ...

Dimeric Alpha Interferon PEGylated Site-Specifically Shows Enhanced and Prolonged Efficacy in Vivo

The present invention concerns methods and compositions for PEGylated complexes of defined stoichiometry and structure. Preferably, the PEGylated complex is formed using dock-and-lock technology, by attaching a therapeutic agent to a DDD sequence and a PEG moiety to an AD sequence, allowing the DDD sequence to bind to the AD sequence in a 2:1 stoichiometry, to form PEGylated complexes with two therapeutic agents and one PEG moiety. Alternatively, the therapeutic agent may be attached to the AD sequence and the PEG to the DDD sequence to form PEGylated complexes with two PEG moieties and one therapeutic agent. In more preferred embodiments, the therapeutic agent may comprise any peptide or protein of physiologic or therapeutic activity, preferably a cytokine, more preferably interferon-α2b. The PEGylated complexes exhibit a significantly slower rate of clearance when injected into a subject and are of use for treatment of a wide variety of diseases. 1. A fusion protein comprisinga) an interferon; andb) a dimerization and docking domain (DDD) moiety from human protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit RIα, RIβ, RIIα or RIIβ.2. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the interferon is selected from the group consisting of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) claim 1 , IFN-β claim 1 , IFN-γ and IFN-λ.3. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the interferon is IFN-α.4. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the interferon is IFN-β.5. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the interferon is IFN-γ.6. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the interferon is IFN-λ.7. A dimer comprising two copies of a fusion protein according to claim 1 , wherein the two DDD moieties bind together to form the dimer.8. A fusion protein comprisinga) an interferon; andb) an anchoring domain (AD) moiety from an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP).9. The fusion protein of claim 8 , wherein the interferon is selected from the group consisting of IFN-α claim 8 , IFN-β claim 8 , IFN-γ and IFN-λ.10. The fusion ...

POLYPEPTIDES WITH PERMEASE ACTIVITY

The invention relates to a polypeptide having a mutation at one or more position corresponding to T219 of SEQ ID NO: 55, wherein the polypeptide has at least 50% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 55, and wherein the polypeptide has permease activity. 1. A polypeptide having a mutation at a position corresponding to at least one position corresponding to T219 of SEQ ID NO: 55 , wherein said polypeptide comprises at least 50% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 55 , and wherein the polypeptide comprises permease activity.2. The polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein said polypeptide comprises a substitution T219N or T219Q.3. The polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein said polypeptide comprises substitution T219N.4. The polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein said polypeptide comprises GAL2 activity.6. The polypeptide according to claim 1 , comprising a sequence GXXXGXXXXXXXXXXXXEXXPXXXRXXXXXXXQ.7. The polypeptide comprising at least 50% identity to SEQ ID NO: 50 claim 1 , encoding the polypeptide according to .8. A nucleic acid construct comprising the polynucleotide of .9. A host cell transformed with said nucleic acid construct of .10. A transformed host cell according to claim 9 , which is yeast.11Saccharomyces.. The transformed host cell according to claim 10 , which belongs to the genus12Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The transformed host cell according to claim 11 , which belongs to the species13. A process for degradating ligno-cellulosic or hemi-cellulosic material claim 9 , said process comprising contacting ligno-cellulosic or hemi-cellulosic material with an enzyme composition claim 9 , producing at least one sugar claim 9 , and fermenting produced sugar to give a fermentation product claim 9 , and wherein said fermenting is conducted with a transformed host cell of .14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein said fermentation product is at least one selected from the group consisting of: ethanol claim 13 , butanol claim 13 , lactic acid claim 13 ...

BIOPROCESSING

Functionalized substrate materials, for example inorganic particles and/or synthetic polymeric particles, are used to enhance bioprocesses such as saccharification and fermentation. 2. The mixture as in wherein the microorganism or enzyme is attached to the inorganic material through the polar functional group.3. The mixture as in wherein the inorganic material is a synthetic material.4. The mixture as in wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate claim 1 , aragonite clay claim 1 , orthorhombic clays claim 1 , calcite clay claim 1 , rhombohedral clays claim 1 , kaolin claim 1 , bentonite clay claim 1 , dicalcium phosphate claim 1 , tricalcium phosphate claim 1 , calcium pyrophosphate claim 1 , insoluble sodium metaphosphate claim 1 , magnesium orthophosphate claim 1 , trimagnesium phosphate claim 1 , hydroxyapatites claim 1 , synthetic apatites claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , hydrated alumina claim 1 , silica xerogel claim 1 , metal aluminosilicate complexes claim 1 , sodium aluminum silicates claim 1 , zirconium silicate claim 1 , silicon dioxide claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , wollastonite claim 1 , mica claim 1 , glass claim 1 , fiber glass claim 1 , silica claim 1 , talc claim 1 , carbon fibers claim 1 , conductive carbon black claim 1 , ceramic powders and ceramic fibers claim 1 , alumina trihydrate claim 1 , ground construction waste claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The mixture as in wherein the polar functional group is a carboxylate group.6. The mixture as in wherein the polar functional group is selected from the group consisting of aldehyde groups claim 1 , nitroso groups claim 1 , nitrile groups claim 1 , nitro groups claim 1 , ketone groups claim 1 , amino groups claim 1 , alkyl amino groups claim 1 , alkyl groups claim 1 , chloroalkyl groups claim 1 , chlorofluoroalkyl groups claim 1 , and enol groups.7. The mixture as in wherein the organism is yeast.8. The mixture as in wherein the organism is a bacterium.9. ...

METHOD TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS OF FUEL PRODUCTION

The present invention provides a method for reducing life cycle GHG emissions associated with production of a liquid fuel or fuel intermediate. The method comprises: fermenting sugar to produce biogenic carbon dioxide and the liquid fuel, fuel intermediate or a fuel source; collecting an amount of biogenic carbon dioxide generated from the fermentation; and supplying the biogenic carbon dioxide for use in one or more enhanced oil or gas recovery sites for displacement of geologic carbon dioxide and deriving a greenhouse gas emissions benefit. Further provided is a method comprising receiving an amount of carbon dioxide from an apparatus for delivering carbon dioxide to one or more enhanced oil or gas recovery sites so as to displace the use of geologic carbon dioxide at the site. The carbon dioxide received has the GHG emission attributes of the biogenic carbon dioxide introduced to the apparatus. 1. A method for producing ethanol having a renewable fuel credit associated therewith , said method comprising:(i) producing sugar from plant derived organic material;(ii) fermenting the sugar to produce (a) the ethanol; and (b) biogenic carbon dioxide;(iii) collecting an amount of biogenic carbon dioxide generated from the step of fermenting;(iv) supplying the biogenic carbon dioxide from step (iii) for use in an enhanced oil or gas recovery operation, wherein the operation displaces the use of geologic carbon dioxide; and(v) recovering a volume of the ethanol from the fermenting step and generating an associated fuel credit, wherein the ethanol has a life cycle GHG emissions reduction of at least 50% relative to a gasoline baseline.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant derived organic material is sorghum or wheat.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to step (iv) claim 1 , the biogenic carbon dioxide is compressed and purified.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (iv) comprises transporting the biogenic carbon dioxide by truck claim 1 , barge claim 1 , ...

METHOD TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS OF FUEL PRODUCTION

The present invention provides a process comprising collecting or sourcing biogenic carbon dioxide from a fermentation that produces a fuel, fuel intermediate or fuel source from organic material. The fermentation may be an anaerobic digestion to produce biogas or a fermentation of sugar to produce a liquid fuel. The biogenic carbon dioxide arising from the fermentation is subsequently supplied to one or more sites that use carbon dioxide in an industrial application for displacement of geologic carbon dioxide which derives a greenhouse gas emissions benefit. Such an industrial application may include using the biogenic carbon dioxide as an additive, a processing agent, a treatment agent, a cooling agent, or a carbon source to make fuels, chemicals or polymers. 1. A process for reducing life cycle GHG emissions associated with production of a liquid fuel or fuel intermediate comprising:(i) producing sugar from plant derived organic material;(ii) fermenting the sugar to produce biogenic carbon dioxide and the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate;(iii) collecting an amount of biogenic carbon dioxide generated from the step of fermenting;(iv) supplying the biogenic carbon dioxide from step (iii) for use in one or more sites that use carbon dioxide in an industrial application, and causing displacement of geologic carbon dioxide;(v) recovering the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate produced by the step of fermenting;(vi) generating a renewable fuel credit associated with the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate; and(vii) prior to step (vi), generating or receiving data representative of a life cycle GHG emission reduction of the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate relative to a gasoline baseline,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the life cycle GHG emissions associated with the production of the liquid fuel or fuel intermediate are reduced by at least 1.5 g COeq/MJ relative to a production process baseline as a result of the displacement.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ...

Process for the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biological Material and Use of the Obtained Water for Fermentation

The present invention relates to a process for the hydrothermal carbonization of biological material and to the use of the obtained process water for fermentation. In a first process stage, biomass is obtained after a fermentation process with subsequent distillation and/or rectification, and in a second process stage this biomass of the first process stage is converted into a high-carbon product by means of hydrothermal carbonization, wherein the obtained process water of the second process stage is again supplied to the first process stage. 1. A process for the hydrothermal carbonization of biological material , characterized in that in a first process stage after a fermentation process with subsequent distillation and/or rectification biomass is obtained , and in a second process stage this biomass of the first process stage is converted into a high-carbon product by means of hydrothermal carbonization , wherein the obtained process water of the second process stage is again supplied to the first process stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fermentation process comprises the following process stepsmash preparationfermentationdistillation and/or rectification; and wherein the biomass obtained from this fermentation process is hydrothermally carbonized in a second process step, whereinthe high-carbon product obtained is separated andthe process water again is at least partly supplied to the mash preparation.3. The process according to claim 1 , the process water obtained from the HTC process contains amino acids or ammonium nitrogen.4. The process according to wherein claim 1 , the biomass is heated at a temperature of 120° C. to 350° C.5. The process according to wherein the biomass is heated over a period of 1 min to 12 hours.6. The process according to wherein high-carbon product combustible gases are obtained in a further post-processing stage.7. The process according to wherein when the biomass has a pH value ≧5 claim 1 , a catalyst is added ...

COMPOSITION FOR INCREASING SACCHARIFICATION EFFICIENCY OF BIOMASS, METHOD FOR INCREASING SACCHARIFICATION EFFICIENCY OF BIOMASS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING BIOETHANOL DERIVED FROM BIOMASS ON A LARGE SCALE USING CHAPERONE PROTEIN

The present invention relates to a novel method for increasing saccharification efficiency by adding chaperone protein during saccharification process, more precisely a composition for increasing saccharification efficiency of biomass containing cellulose using peroxiredoxin (Prx) protein and a method for increasing glucose yield by using the same. The conventional saccharification process has the disadvantage of decreasing cellulase activity, suggesting that the high priced saccharogenic enzyme has to be continuously supplied since the saccharogenic enzyme is losing its activity continuously by reducing sugar through the whole saccharification process. Therefore, to increase saccharification efficiency, the present invention provides a method characterized by increasing saccharification efficiency by preventing cellulase from losing its activity throughout the whole saccharification process by using chaperone protein, particularly Prx protein herein, together with cellulase. The method of the present invention, therefore, can overcome the disadvantage of the conventional saccharification process. 1. A method for increasing saccharification efficiency of biomass including the step of treating chaperone protein and saccharogenic enzyme or saccharogenic enzyme composition together to biomass.2. The method for increasing saccharification efficiency of biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass includes cellulose.3. The method for increasing saccharification efficiency of biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the chaperone protein is peroxiredoxin protein having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID. NO: 3.4. The composition for increasing saccharification efficiency of biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the saccharogenic enzyme is selected from the group consisting of cellulase claim 1 , beta-glycosidase claim 1 , and xylanase.5. The method for increasing saccharification efficiency of biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the saccharogenic ...

METHOD FOR AMELIORATING PAIN BY MODIFICATION OF NMDA RECEPTORS THROUGH INHIBITION OF SRC

The present invention provides a method for ameliorating inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain in a subject by modifying the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in cells of the subject by inhibition of the interaction of the unique domain of the tyrosine kinase Src enzyme and the NMDA receptor complex. 1. A method for ameliorating pain in a subject by modifying N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) interaction with non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src in cells of said subject comprising the steps of:(a) providing a composition including a Src-binding portion of the ND2.1 peptide of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a carrier effective to transport the Src-binding portion into cells; and(b) administering the composition of step (a) to said subject in an amount effective to achieve modification of said NMDAR interaction with said non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src in said cells wherein said modification ameliorates pain in said subject.2. (canceled)3. The method as in wherein said carrier is selected from the group consisting of HIV Tat domain peptides claim 2 , arginine-rich peptides claim 2 , antennapedia peptides claim 2 , VP22 herpes simplex viral peptides and lipids.4. (canceled)5. The method as in wherein said pain is inflammatory pain.6. The method as in wherein said pain is neuropathic pain.79-. (canceled) This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/814,109, filed on Mar. 20, 2004, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference.The instant invention relates generally to protein-protein interactions that regulate intra and intercellular communication; particularly to methods for modification of protein-protein interactions; and most particularly to a method for ameliorating pain in a subject by modifying the activity of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors located in cells by inhibition of the interaction of the unique domain of the tyrosine kinase Src enzyme with proteins of the NMDAR complex.Excitatory transmission at central ...

CELLULASES, NUCLEIC ACIDS ENCODING THEM AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THEM

This invention relates to molecular and cellular biology and biochemistry. In one aspect, the invention provides polypeptides having cellulase activity, e.g., endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, mannanase and/or β-glucosidase activity, polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides, and methods of making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. In one aspect, the invention is directed to polypeptides cellulase activity, e.g., endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, mannanase and/or β-glucosidase activity, including thermostable and thermotolerant activity, and polynucleotides encoding these enzymes, and making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. The polypeptides of the invention can be used in a variety of pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and feed processing and industrial contexts. 1. An isolated or recombinant nucleic acid comprising(a) a nucleic acid sequence having at least 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more or complete sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:91, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:95, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:99, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:103, SEQ ID NO:105, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:109, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:113, SEQ ...

BIOMASS LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES, AND USES OF SAME

Described are processes for the liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass under the digestive action of dicarboxylic acid(s). Such digests can exhibit enhanced flowability, reduced volume, and significant biomass conversion to dissolved components, and can in some embodiments be further liquefied by contact with an enzyme. Products resultant of these steps can be used for their sugar content to manufacture biofuels or other products. 1. A method for liquefaction of solid lignocellulosic biomass , comprising:contacting the solid lignocellulosic biomass with a dicarboxylic acid for a period of time and under conditions effective to form an acidic mixture containing liquefied lignocellulosic biomass components and unliquefied lignocellulosic biomass components;neutralizing the acidic mixture to form a neutralized mixture containing the liquefied lignocellulosic biomass components and unliquefied lignocellulosic biomass components; andenzymatically hydrolyzing the unliquefied lignocellulosic biomass components in the presence of at least a portion of the liquefied lignocellulosic biomass components.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from maleic acid claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , and oxalic acid.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid is maleic acid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is wood.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting the lignocellulosic biomass is at a temperature of at least about 100° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting the lignocellulosic biomass is for a period of up to about 60 minutes.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting the neutralized mixture with a cellulase enzyme is performed with the cellulase enzyme at a concentration of less than about 2 milligrams per gram of the lignocellulosic biomass dry matter.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said liquefied lignocellulosic biomass components in the neutralized mixture comprise ...

Biomass Treatment Process

A process for the treatment of biomass is provided. The process comprises forming a biomass slurry by mixing biomass with a working fluid, and inducing the biomass slurry to flow through an inlet into a passage. A high velocity transport fluid is injected into the slurry through a nozzle communicating with the passage. The injection of the high velocity transport fluid applies a shear force to the slurry such that the working fluid is atomised and forms a vapour and droplet flow regime, an at least partial vacuum is formed within the passage downstream of the nozzle, and a condensation shock wave is generated within the passage downstream of the nozzle and vacuum by condensation of the transport fluid. An apparatus for treating biomass using the aforementioned process is also provided. 1. A process for the treatment of biomass , comprising:forming a biomass slurry by mixing biomass with a working fluid;inducing the biomass slurry to flow through an inlet into a passage; andinjecting a high velocity transport fluid into the slurry through a nozzle communicating with the passage;wherein the injection of the high velocity transport fluid:applies a shear force to the slurry such that the working fluid is atomised and forms a vapour and droplet flow regime;forms an at least partial vacuum within the passage downstream of the nozzle; andgenerates a condensation shock wave within the passage downstream of the nozzle and vacuum by condensation of the transport fluid.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the transport fluid is steam.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the transport fluid is injected at a supersonic velocity.4. The process of further comprising the step of injecting a first catalyst into the slurry.5. The process of further comprising the step of injecting first and/or second catalysts into the slurry.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the first and/or second catalysts are injected into the slurry as it passes through the partial vacuum within the passage.7. ...

Method of Producing Ethanol

A method of producing ethanol by adding a cellulosic raw material treatment liquid to a sugar-containing liquid and then performing ethanol fermentation, in which the sugar-containing liquid is one or more types selected from the group consisting of extracted juice of crops, molasses, and enzyme-treated products of cereals containing a water-soluble saccharide, and the cellulosic raw material treatment liquid is either a sugar solution derived from cellulosic raw materials obtained by saccharification of the cellulosic raw materials or a fermentation broth derived from the cellulosic raw materials obtained by ethanol fermentation of the sugar solution derived from the cellulosic raw materials. 1. A method of producing ethanol by adding a cellulosic raw material treatment liquid to a sugar-containing liquid and then performing ethanol fermentation ,wherein the sugar-containing liquid is one or more types selected from the group consisting of extracted juice of crops, molasses, and enzyme-treated product of cereals containing a water-soluble saccharide, andthe cellulosic raw material treatment liquid is either a sugar solution derived from cellulosic raw materials obtained by saccharification of the cellulosic raw materials or a fermentation broth derived from the cellulosic raw materials obtained by ethanol fermentation of the sugar solution derived from the cellulosic raw materials.2. The method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the sugar concentration in a fermentation tank for ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid is 25 mass % or less.3. The method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the ethanol concentration obtained after the ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid is 12 mass % or less.4. The method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein a saccharifying step and a fermenting step of the cellulosic raw material are performed in the same reaction tank.5. The method of producing ethanol ...

Method of Producing Ethanol

A method of producing ethanol from cellulosic raw materials, including steps of: saccharification of the cellulosic raw materials after adding a fermentation broth derived from a sugar-containing liquid, and ethanol-fermenting a sugar solution obtained in the above saccharifying step, in which the fermentation broth derived from the sugar-containing liquid is obtained by ethanol fermentation of one or more types of sugar-containing liquid selected from the group consisting of extracted juice of crops, molasses, and an enzyme-treated product of cereals containing a water-soluble saccharide. 1. A method of producing ethanol from cellulosic raw materials , comprising steps of:saccharification of cellulosic raw materials after adding a fermentation broth derived from a sugar-containing liquid, andethanol-fermenting a sugar solution obtained in the saccharifying step,wherein the fermentation broth derived from the sugar-containing liquid is obtained by ethanol fermentation of one or more types of sugar-containing liquid selected from group consisting of extracted juice of crops, molasses, and an enzyme-treated product of cereals containing a water-soluble saccharide.2. The method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the insoluble solid concentration in a saccharification tank for the saccharifying step of the cellulosic raw materials is 25 mass % or less.3. The method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the ethanol concentration obtained after the ethanol fermentation of the cellulosic raw materials is 12 mass % or less.4. The method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the saccharifying step and the fermenting step of the cellulosic raw materials are performed in the same reaction tank.5. The method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic raw material is one or more types selected from the group consisting of bagasse claim 1 , rice straw claim 1 , wheat straw claim 1 , chaff claim 1 , wheat shells ...

Methods using peracids for controlling corn ethanol fermentation process infection and yield loss

A process for the use of peracid compositions to eliminate and/or control the growth of undesirable bacteria, including contaminating bacteria, in the fermentation production of alcohol is disclosed. Beneficially, the peracid compositions and methods of use of the same do not interfere or inhibit the growth or replication of yeast and have low or no adverse environmental impact.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING THE ACTIVITY OF P110a MUTANT PROTEINS

A method of inhibiting the activity, signaling, and/or function of a p110α mutant protein in a cancer cell expressing the p110α mutant protein includes administering to the cancer cell an amount of a therapeutic agent effective to inhibit binding of the p110α mutant protein to IRS1 in the cell.

METHODS FOR USING A THERMOSTABLE PHYTASE IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION

A method for using a thermostable phytase for eliminating or reducing phytic acid or salts of phytic acid in an alcohol production process is disclosed. The phytase can be added anywhere in the alcohol production process including a feedstock, a hammer mill, a slurry tank, a jet cooker, a liquefaction, a mash cooker, a fermentation, a beer, a distillation system, a whole stillage, a centrifuge, a thin stillage, an evaporator, a condensate, a syrup, a wet grain, a drum dryer, a distillers dried grain, distillers solubles, distillers wet grain, condensed distillers solubles distillers dried grains with solubles a molecular sieves, or any combination thereof. The alcohol production process can be in an ethanol production plant; a spirit or a drinkable alcohol production plant; or a fuel ethanol plant. 1. A method for eliminating or reducing phytic acid and salts of phytic acid in an alcohol production process comprising:(a) providing a polypeptide having phytase activity under high temperature conditions, and retains 0.1% to 100% phytase activity after exposure to temperatures from about 72 degrees C. to about 100 degrees C.;(b) providing a composition comprising a phytic acid or a salt of phytic acid;(c) contacting the phytase of (a) with the composition of (b), wherein the phytase can hydrolyze the phytic acid or salt of phytic acid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phytase is added anywhere in the alcohol production process comprising: a feedstock claim 1 , a hammer mill claim 1 , a slurry tank claim 1 , a jet cooker claim 1 , a liquefaction claim 1 , a mash cooker claim 1 , a fermentation claim 1 , a beer claim 1 , a distillation system claim 1 , a whole stillage claim 1 , a centrifuge claim 1 , a thin stillage claim 1 , an evaporator claim 1 , a condensate claim 1 , a syrup claim 1 , a wet grain claim 1 , a drum dryer claim 1 , a distillers dried grain claim 1 , distillers solubles distillers wet grain claim 1 , condensed distillers solubles claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO METHANE OR ETHANOL

A method for enhancing the treatment of lignocellulose-containing materials by biotreatment wherein such lignocellulose-containing materials, normally resistant to biotreatment, are first subjected to a low-temperature, long-residence time pyrolysis at about 175° C. to about 325° C. for about 0.1 hour to about 2.0 hours, wherein a substantial portion of the incoming material is distilled into water-soluble compounds amenable to anaerobic biotreatment. Exemplary applications of the method include pyrolytic pre-treatment of wastewater sludges, cellulosic wastes, wood, peat, plant residues, low-grade coal, and the like to enhance methane gas production in anaerobic digestion and/or oxygen-limited or oxygen-starved fermentation to produce ethanol. 1. A method for increasing the conversion of biomass-based ligno-cellulosic materials in a biotreatment process to produce at least one of a methanaceous fuel gas and ethanol , comprising:subjecting said biomass-based ligno-cellulosic materials to a low-temperature, long-time pyrolysis to produce (a) a pyroligneous acid wherein a substantial portion is comprised of wood alcohol and wood vinegar, (b) a pyrogas containing methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water, and (c) pyrosolids including char, ash, and residual lignin-containing materials;separating said pyroligneous acid, pyrogas and pyrosolids; andsubjecting said pyroligneous acid to an anaerobic biological treatment step to produce at least one of a methane-bearing biogas and ethanol.2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said low-temperature claim 1 , long-time pyrolysis is conducted at a temperature of between about 175° C. and about 325° C.3. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said low-temperature claim 1 , long-time pyrolysis is conducted with a solids residence time of about 0.1 hour and about 2 hours.4. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said low-temperature claim 1 , long-time pyrolysis is conducted with a solids residence time ...

USE OF VINASSE IN THE PROCESS OF SACCHARIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

The use of stillage in a saccharification/fermentation process of lignocellulosic biomasses, regardless of the form of the biomasses and regardless of the use of the obtained final hydrolyzed broth. The beneficial effect conferred by the stillage to the saccharification process of lignocellulosic biomasses presents among other characteristics the ability to buffer the reaction medium, especially when such process takes place in an enzymatic route, but not limited to it, regardless of the type of biomass being used and the type of pretreatment to which the biomass is subjected. Fermentation processes, such as the ethanol production, using stillage as source of nutrients such as, for example, nitrogen, for growing microorganisms, but not limited to it. 1. An enzymatic hydrolysis process comprising using stillage as a buffering agent of a reaction medium containing lignocellulosic vegetal biomass.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the added amount of stillage varies claim 1 , in mass percentage (% w/w) claim 1 , from 0.1% to 100% and the amount of water varies claim 1 , in mass percentage (% w/w) claim 1 , from 100% to 0%.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stillage is a residue derived from a distillation process of wine without yeasts claim 1 , obtained after fermentation and separation of yeast cells.4. The process according to claim 3 , further comprising filtering claim 3 , evaporating claim 3 , of concentrating the stillage.5Lolium, Spartina, Panicum, Miscanthus. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic vegetal biomass is selected from the group consisting of: herbaceous biomass; C4 plants from genera claim 1 , and combinations thereof; sugar cane bagasse (from the mill and/or diffuser); sugar cane straw; cereal straw selected from the group comprising wheat claim 1 , rice claim 1 , rye claim 1 , barley claim 1 , oat claim 1 , maize claim 1 , switchgrass claim 1 , and the similar and combinations thereof; wood claim ...

HYBRID SEPARATION

This disclosure describes techniques for using a single feedstock of barley to produce a fermented product and a method for filtering a large-particles stream from a liquid stream containing small particles of a process stream using a series of mechanical separation devices to increase yield. 1. A method of producing a fermentation product , the method comprising:dehulling barley as feedstock by removing hulls and milling barley berries;liquefying the milled barley berries with an alpha-amylase and water in a slurry tank to create a slurry;saccharifying the slurry by adding a glucoamylase to cook the slurry to a mash; andfermenting the mash with a microorganism in a fermentation tank to produce the fermentation product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein dehulling the barley comprises using at least one of claim 1 , a dehulling device claim 1 , a hammer mill claim 1 , a roller mill claim 1 , a disc mill claim 1 , a ball mill claim 1 , a pin mill claim 1 , a shaker table claim 1 , or an aspiration table to remove hull from the barley.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:separating the slurry to create a suspended large-particles stream and a liquids and fine-suspended particles stream by using a mechanical separation device;shearing a portion of the suspended large-particles stream to create ground particles; andheating the ground particles with other portion of the suspended large-particles stream and with water in a tank to create a lower-solids mixture.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding beta-glucanase to the milled barley berries with the alpha-amylase and the water in the slurry tank to create the slurry.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding endogulcanase to the milled barley berries with the alpha-amylase and the water in the slurry tank to create the slurry.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising adding beta-glucosidase to the mash with the microorganism in the fermentation tank to produce the fermentation product. ...

PROCESS FOR ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

A process for the production of ethanol wherein a hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is fermented in the presence of a stillage residue. The fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates is improved by adding prior to and/or during fermentation a stillage residue side stream from a corn starch-to-ethanol process as a nutrient source for the yeast organisms used in the fermentation. Stillage residues from the grain dry mill ethanol producing process, including the whole stillage, wet cake, thin stillage, and/or syrup are added to assist as a nitrogen and nutrient source for the fermentive processes. The stillage residue is produced by any grain-to-ethanol process. 1. A process for the production of ethanol , the process comprising the step of fermenting a hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of a stillage residue , the stillage residue is produced by a whole grain starch-to-ethanol process.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the stillage residue is selected from the group consisting of whole stillage claim 1 , thin stillage claim 1 , wetcake claim 1 , syrup claim 1 , and any combination thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a propagation step whereby yeast is conditioned and grown prior to the step of fermentation.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is produced by acid pre-treatment wherein the acid catalyst is a mineral acid or a carboxylic acid.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is selected from the group consisting of agricultural residues claim 1 , purpose grown crops claim 1 , woody biomass claim 1 , and any combination thereof.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is obtained from corn cobs.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ethanol is produced by fermentation with a ethanologenic organism.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the ethanologenic organism is a prokaryotic organism.9Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, ...

Biomass processing using ionic liquids

Without limitation, the disclosure provides processes for (a) dissolving biomass in ionic liquids, (b) deconstructing cellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin into derivatives including fermentable sugars, (c) separating the biomass derivatives from the ionic liquid, and (d) converting the biomass derivatives to useful fuels or chemicals, either dissolved within or separated from the ionic liquid. It should be understood that processes described herein can be used in isolation or in combination with each other.

METHODS FOR DETOXIFYING A LIGNOCELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATE

The present disclosure relates to methods for detoxifying a hydrolysate obtained from a lignocellulosic biomass and methods of producing ethanol from the detoxified hydrolysate. The present methods provide detoxified hydrolysates in which the quantity of compounds that are deleterious to fermenting microorganisms are substantially reduced relative to the starting hydrolysate and in which the amount of fermentable sugars loss is minimal. 1. A method of reducing the toxicity of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate towards a fermenting organism , or for reducing at least a portion of one inhibitor to a fermenting organism from a lignocellulosic hydrolysate , comprising the step of mixing a starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution , said starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution comprising a mixture of fermentable sugars , furan aldehydes and aliphatic acids , with a magnesium base selected from magnesium hydroxide , magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide for a period of time and under conditions that result in the formation of a detoxified hydrolysate solution comprising at least 90% of the total fermentable sugars present in the starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution and no greater than 40% of furan aldehydes present in the starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution , thereby reducing the toxicity of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the starting hydrolysate solution is prepared by hydrolyzing a lignocellulosic biomass.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is selected from Napier grass claim 2 , energy cane claim 2 , sorghum claim 2 , giant reed claim 2 , sugar beet claim 2 , switchgrass claim 2 , bagasse claim 2 , rice straw claim 2 , miscanthus claim 2 , switchgrass claim 2 , wheat straw claim 2 , wood claim 2 , wood waste claim 2 , paper claim 2 , paper waste claim 2 , agricultural waste claim 2 , municipal waste claim 2 , birchwood claim 2 , oat spelt claim 2 , corn stover claim 2 , eucalyptus ...

SOLAR STEAM PROCESSING OF BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK AND SOLAR DISTILLATION OF BIOFUELS

A method of producing bioethanol that includes receiving a feedstock solution that includes polysaccharides in a vessel comprising a complex is described. The complex may be copper nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanorods, carbon moieties, encapsulated nanoshells, encapsulated nanoparticles, and/or branched nanostructures. The method also includes applying electromagnetic (EM) radiation to the complex such that the complex absorbs the EM radiation to generate heat. Using the heat generated by the complex, sugar molecules may be extracted from the polysaccharides in the feedstock solution, and fermented. Then, bioethanol may be extracted from the vessel. 1. A method of producing bioethanol , the method comprising:receiving, in a vessel comprising a complex, a feedstock solution comprising polysaccharides, wherein the complex is a least one selected from a group consisting of copper nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanorods, carbon moieties, encapsulated nanoshells, encapsulated nanoparticles, and branched nanostructures;applying electromagnetic (EM) radiation to the complex, wherein the complex absorbs the EM radiation to generate heat;extracting, using the heat generated by the complex, sugar molecules from the polysaccharides in the feedstock solution; andfermenting the sugars molecules to generate bioethanol; andextracting the bioethanol from the vessel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein extracting the bioethanol from the vessel comprises:condensing, using a condenser, the bioethanol from the vessel; andstoring the bioethanol in a storage tank.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein extracting the bioethanol from the vessel comprises:applying additional EM radiation to the complex, wherein the complex absorbs the additional EM radiation to generate additional heat;transforming, using the additional heat generated by the complex, the bioethanol to a vapor; andextracting the vapor from the vessel.4. The method of claim 1 , ...

Method for producing ethanol using recombinant yeast

The invention is intended to metabolize acetic acid and to lower acetic acid concentration in a medium at the time of xylose assimilation and ethanol fermentation by a yeast strain having xylose-metabolizing ability. The method for producing ethanol comprises a step of culturing recombinant yeast strains resulting from introduction of a xylose isomerase gene and an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene into a medium containing xylose, so as to perform ethanol fermentation.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM CELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Provided is a method for efficiently producing ethanol even when a fermentation inhibitor is present in a cellulosic biomass hydrolysate. 1Candida intermedia. A method for producing ethanol comprising fermenting a fermentation broth comprising a cellulosic biomass hydrolysate using an yeast belonging to under a condition such that an air supply rate into a fermenter is from 0.0001 to 100 L/hour/g dry cell weight.2. The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the fermentation is continuous fermentation in which the fermentation broth comprising a cellulosic biomass hydrolysate is supplied into the fermenter at a supply rate of from 0.0002 to 2 L/hour/g dry cell weight.3Candida intermedia. The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the yeast belonging to is an yeast designated as 4-6-4T2 and deposited under FERM BP-11509. The present invention relates to a method for producing ethanol by alcohol fermentation using cellulosic biomass hydrolysate.Cellulosic biomass has drawn attention as an ethanol production raw material by microbial fermentation in view of environmental issues. Particularly, from a viewpoint of utilizing unused biomass, use of cellulosic biomass raw materials from wood, papers, or agricultural wastes such as bagasse (cane trash), corn stover (core, stalk, leaves, etc. of corn) as well as straws has been studied in recent years (Patent Literatures 1 to 3).Meanwhile, for the production of ethanol using a cellulosic biomass by microbial fermentation, it is required to decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and polysaccharides, which are partial decomposed material thereof, contained in cellulosic biomass, to obtain a saccharified solution containing as principal components hexose such as glucose, mannose and galactose or pentose such as xylose and subject the sugar in the saccharified solution to the microbial fermentation. Further, enzymatic methods and hydrolysis methods such as dilute sulfuric acid method and ...

GLUCOAMYLASE ENGINEERED YEAST AND FERMENTATION METHODS

The invention is directed to an engineered yeast including an exogenous nucleic acid encoding a glucoamylase comprising SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof. The engineered yeast are able to provide glucoamylase into a fermentation media and cause degradation of starch material generating glucose for fermentation to a desired bioproduct, such as ethanol. High titers of bioproduct (e.g., 70 g/kg of ethanol) can be achieved, along with low residual glucose levels. Further the yeast exhibit good growth and bioproduct product at temperatures of 32° C. or greater. 1. An engineered yeast comprising an exogenous nucleic acid encoding a glucoamylase comprising a sequence having 81% or greater sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1 , wherein the yeast is capable of producing ethanol at a rate of 1 g/L*h or greater during a fermentation process.2. The engineered yeast of claim 1 , wherein the yeast is capable of producing (a) at least 70 g/kg of ethanol in a fermentation medium made from a glucose polymer-containing feedstock having (i) a DE of not greater than 50.3. The engineered yeast of claim 1 , wherein the yeast is capable of producing (a) at least 70 g/kg of ethanol in a fermentation medium made from corn mash having a DE of 30+/−2 claim 1 , wherein the fermentation medium comprises 32% dry wt corn claim 1 , and a pH 5.8 claim 1 , 35 ppm CaCl claim 1 , 1900 ppm urea claim 1 , 5 ppm ampicillin claim 1 , wherein the staring yeast concentration is 0.1 (OD600) claim 1 , and fermentation is carried out at 48 hrs at 30° C. with agitation.4. The engineered yeast of claim 1 , wherein the glucoamylase comprises a sequence having 85% or greater sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1.5. The engineered yeast of claim 4 , wherein the glucoamylase comprises a sequence having 90% or greater sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1.6. The engineered yeast of claim 5 , wherein the glucoamylase comprises a sequence having 95% or greater sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1.7. The engineered yeast ...

BETA-GLUCOSIDASE AND USES THEREOF

The application relates to a polypeptide having beta-glucosidase activity, its method of production and its uses. 1. A variant polypeptide comprising a substitution at a position corresponding to position 691 of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 , wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-glucosidase activity.2. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , which is a variant of a parent polypeptide which has beta-glucosidase activity and which comprises at least 60% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.3. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , which comprises at least 60% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.4. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the position corresponding to position 691 is substituted to F.5. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , which comprises substitution Y691F.6. A polynucleotide which encodes the variant polypeptide according to .7. A nucleic acid construct or vector comprising the polynucleotide according to .8. A host cell comprising the polynucleotide according to or a nucleic acid construct or a vector comprising said polynucleotide.9. A host cell according to claim 8 , wherein the cell is a fungal cell.10. A method of producing a variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , said method comprising:a) cultivating a host cell under conditions conducive to production of the variant polypeptide, andb) optionally, recovering the variant polypeptide.11. A composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(i) a variant polypeptide according to , and'}(ii) a cellulase and/or a hemicellulase and/or a pectinase.12. A composition according to claim 11 , wherein the cellulase is selected from the group consisting of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase claim 11 , a cellobiohydrolase I claim 11 , a cellobiohydrolase II claim 11 , an endo-beta-1 claim 11 ,4-glucanase claim 11 , a beta-glucosidase and a beta-(1 claim 11 ,3)(1 claim 11 ,4)-glucanase or any combination ...

WET OXIDATION OF BIOMASS

A process for producing a transportation fuel from a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising subjecting a stream comprising lignin to a wet oxidation that produces low molecular weight carboxylic acids. These carboxylic acids and/or the corresponding esters are fed to a hydrogenation reaction or gas fermentation wherein they are converted to an alcohol. Heat from the wet oxidation may be supplied to any stage of the process in which heat is introduced. 150.-. (canceled)51. A process for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstock comprising:(i) hydrolyzing at least a portion of the hemicellulose and cellulose in the lignocellulosic feedstock to provide an aqueous mixture comprising insoluble lignin and a soluble sugar;(ii) fermenting the soluble sugar to provide ethanol, said fermenting comprising mixing the soluble sugar with a fermentation microorganism;(iii) separating the insoluble lignin from at least portion of the soluble sugar or the ethanol;(iv) subjecting a mixture comprising the separated insoluble lignin to a wet oxidation to produce at least one of acetic acid, acetate, and carbon dioxide;(v) converting at least a portion of the at least one of acetic acid, acetate, and carbon dioxide produced by the wet oxidation to ethanol;(vi) recovering ethanol produced in (ii) and (v).52. The process according to claim 51 , wherein step (iii) comprises separating the insoluble lignin from at least a portion of the soluble sugar claim 51 , said separating comprising conducting a solid-liquid separation on the aqueous mixture produced in (i) to produce lignin solids and a liquid comprising the soluble sugar claim 51 , and wherein the mixture subjected to the wet oxidation comprises the lignin solids.53. The process according to claim 51 , wherein step (iii) comprises separating the insoluble lignin from at least a portion of the ethanol claim 51 , said separating comprising distilling an aqueous mixture comprising the ethanol and the insoluble lignin claim 51 , and ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING SUGAR SOLUTION, SUGAR SOLUTION, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING ETHANOL

A method of producing a sugar solution includes a pretreatment step of treating cellulosic biomass with a treatment agent containing ammonia to obtain an ammonia-treated product, an ammonia-treated sugar solution preparation step of enzymatically saccharifying the ammonia-treated product to obtain an ammonia-treated sugar solution, and a purified sugar solution preparation step of removing coumaramide and/or ferulamide in the ammonia-treated sugar solution by purification to obtain a purified sugar solution having a concentration of coumaramide and/or ferulamide of 10 to 1,100 ppm. 1. A method of producing a sugar solution comprising:a pretreatment step of treating cellulosic biomass with a treatment agent containing ammonia to obtain an ammonia-treated product;an ammonia-treated sugar solution preparation step of enzymatically saccharifying the ammonia-treated product to obtain an ammonia-treated sugar solution; anda purified sugar solution preparation step of removing coumaramide and/or ferulamide in the ammonia-treated sugar solution by purification to obtain a purified sugar solution having a concentration of coumaramide and/or ferulamide of 10 to 1,100 ppm.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic biomass contains herbaceous biomass.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in a purification treatment of the ammonia-treated sugar solution claim 1 , a nano-filtration membrane is used.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ammonia-treated product is enzymatically saccharified with a solution having a concentration of a solid matter of the ammonia-treated product of 1 to 10% by mass during enzymatic saccharification of the ammonia-treated product.5. A sugar solution obtained by a method of producing a sugar solution claim 1 , the method comprising:a pretreatment step of treating cellulosic biomass with a treatment agent containing ammonia to obtain an ammonia-treated product;an ammonia-treated sugar solution preparation step of ...

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE STRAINS

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a strain of sugar fermenting with capability to ferment xylose, wherein said method comprises different procedural steps. The method comprises mating a first sporulated strain with a second haploid strain. Thereafter, screening for mated cells is performed, growing such mated cells, and verifying that mated cells exhibit basic morphology by microscopic inspection. Thereafter, creation of a mixture of the mated cells is performed, subjecting the mixture to continuous chemostat lignocellulose cultivation and obtaining the sugar fermenting cells with capability to ferment xylose is performed. The invention also comprises strains obtained by said method. 1Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A method of preparing a strain of comprising at least one native XKS1 gene in its genome encoding xylulokinase , at least one native XDH1 gene in its genome encoding xylitol dehydrogenase , and at least one modGre3 gene in its genome , said modGre3 gene encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 1 having xylose reductase activity or encoding a fragment of said amino acid sequence having xylose reductase activity , wherein said method comprises the following steps:{'i': 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'a) sporulating a first strain of for providing at least 20 tetrads of said strain,'}{'i': Scheffersomyces stipitis', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae,, 'b) introducing DNA, encoding for xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase obtained from and xylulokinase obtained from , into a second strain of'}{'i': Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 'c) mating the first sporulated strain with the second strain evolved on xylose and in a haploid state by mixing cells of said haploid strain with each tetrad obtained in step a) to provide mated cells on an YPD agar plate,'}d) screening for mated cells on xylose and geneticin agar plates,e) growing mated cells from step d) in minimal defined ...

ENGINEERED PANTOTHENATE KINASE VARIANT ENZYMES

The present invention provides engineered pantothenate kinase (PanK) enzymes, polypeptides having PanK activity, and polynucleotides encoding these enzymes, as well as vectors and host cells comprising these polynucleotides and polypeptides. Methods for producing PanK enzymes are also provided. The present invention further provides compositions comprising the PanK enzymes and methods of using the engineered PanK enzymes. The present invention finds particular use in the production of pharmaceutical compounds. 1. An engineered pantothenate kinase comprising a polypeptide sequence having at least 85% , 86% , 87% , 88% , 89% , 90% , 91% , 92% , 93% , 94% , 95% , 96% , 97% , 98% , 99% , or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 , SEQ ID NO: 30 , SEQ ID NO: 60 , SEQ ID NO: 132 , SEQ ID NO: 222 , SEQ ID NO: 230 , SEQ ID NO: 240 , and/or SEQ ID NO: 276 , or a functional fragment thereof.2. The engineered pantothenate kinase of claim 1 , wherein said engineered pantothenate kinase comprises a polypeptide sequence having at least 85% claim 1 , 86% claim 1 , 87% claim 1 , 88% claim 1 , 89% claim 1 , 90% claim 1 , 91% claim 1 , 92% claim 1 , 93% claim 1 , 94% claim 1 , 95% claim 1 , 96% claim 1 , 97% claim 1 , 98% claim 1 , 99% claim 1 , or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 claim 1 , or a functional fragment thereof claim 1 , and wherein said engineered pantothenate kinase comprises at least one substitution or substitution set at one or more positions selected from 277/281 claim 1 , 54/240/277/281 claim 1 , 240 claim 1 , 240/277 claim 1 , 240/277/281 claim 1 , 240/277/281/282 claim 1 , 240/281 claim 1 , and 240/281/282 claim 1 , 277 claim 1 , and wherein the amino acid positions of said polypeptide sequence are numbered with reference to SEQ ID NO: 2.3. The engineered pantothenate kinase of claim 1 , wherein said engineered pantothenate kinase comprises a polypeptide sequence having at least 85% claim 1 , 86% claim 1 , 87% claim 1 , 88% claim 1 , 89% claim 1 , 90% claim ...

METHOD FOR CARRING OUT THE COMBINED OPERATION OF A BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION UNIT AND A BIOGAS UNIT

The present invention concerns a method for carrying out the combined operation of a bioethanol production unit and a biogas unit. The method comprises the following steps: 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 0.2 t TS per tonne of corn meal is added to the mashing step in 1a) in the form of a mixture of thin stillage and whole stillage.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 0.12 t TS per tonne of corn meal is recycled to the mashing step in 1a) in the form of whole stillage.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 0.1 t TS of thin stillage per t of mash is recycled to the mashing step in 1a).5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cooking stage in 1b) claim 1 , the mash is heated to a maximum of 70° C.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the corn meal in 1a) from a dry milling step has a mass fraction of at least 60% of particles with a particle size of <0.5 mm.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pH of the mash in 1a) is adjusted to less than 4.5.8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ammonium nitrogen content in the biogas fermenters of the biogas unit is kept at between 6000-9000 ppm.9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mean hydraulic residence time for the biogas unit is at least 30 days.10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the proportion of outflow from the biogas unit per tonne of corn meal in 1a) is at least 0.2 m.11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the distillation step in 1b) claim 1 , at least 400 liters of ethanol are separated per tonne of corn meal.12. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mashing step in 1a) claim 1 , at least 100 g of ammonium nitrogen per tonne of corn meal is recycled via the outflow from the biogas unit.13. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mashing step in 1a) claim 1 , a maximum of 1000 g of ammonium nitrogen per tonne of corn is recycled via the outflow from the biogas unit.14. The ...

Process For Production Of Ethanol From Biomass

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing ethanol efficiently even in the presence of a fermentation inhibitor in a saccharified biomass. The present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from biomass, comprising: culturing a transformed xylose-utilizing yeast to overexpress the gene for at least one pentose phosphate pathway metabolic enzyme, with a saccharified biomass.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOLS AND/OR SOLVENTS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH WASHING OF THE SOLID RESIDUE OBTAINED AFTER FERMENTATION

The process for the production of alcohol and/or solvent from a biomass feedstock comprises the stages for pretreatment (P) of the biomass feedstock, for enzymatic hydrolysis (H and HF), and for fermenting the hydrolyzate (HF). To prevent solids from being sent and to facilitate operating the section for purifying the fermentation products, at least a portion of the solid material in the fermentation wine is extracted (Ex) to obtain a stream of solid residue () comprising lignin and a fermentation wine () that is low in solid material. Then, the stream of solid residue is washed (L) with a liquid stream to recover a liquid stream that is enriched with fermentation products (). The liquid stream that is enriched with fermentation products () is recycled in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage (H) to recover any fermentation product and to increase the overall yield of the process.

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR ADDING PRE-FERMENTATION SEPARATED NON-FERMENTABLES TO A POST-FERMENTATION STREAM

A system and process is disclosed for adding pre-fermentation separated non-fermentables, e.g., fiber, germ/oil, and/or protein, to a post-fermentation stream in a corn (or similar carbohydrate-containing grain) dry milling process for making alcohol and/or other biofuels/biochemical. The process includes mixing grain particles with a liquid to produce a slurry having starch and non-fermentables. The slurry is subjected to liquefaction to convert the starch in the slurry to complex sugars and produce a liquefied stream including the complex sugars and non-fermentables. After liquefaction but prior to fermentation of simple sugars resulting from conversion of the complex sugars, the non-fermentables are separated out to define a non-fermentables portion and an aqueous solution including the complex and/or simple sugars. The simple sugars are fermented to provide a fermented stream. Then, the separated non-fermentables portion is reincorporated back into the process into a post-fermentation stream. In one example, the non-fermentables may be mainly fiber. 1. A process for adding pre-conversion separated non-convertables to a post-conversion stream , the process comprising:mixing grain particles with a liquid to produce a slurry having carbohydrates and non-convertables;subjecting the slurry to liquefaction to convert the carbohydrates in the slurry to complex sugars and produce a liquefied stream including the complex sugars and the non-convertables;after liquefaction but prior to conversion of simple sugars resulting from conversion of the complex sugars, separating out at least a portion of the non-convertables to define a non-convertables portion and an aqueous solution including the complex and/or simple sugars;converting the simple sugars to provide a converted simple sugar stream; andreincorporating the separated non-convertables portion back into the process into a post-conversion stream.2. The process of wherein converting the simple sugars to provide a ...

Feed control in conversion of biomass into hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals

The present disclosure relates to processes for producing hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. A process may include introducing biomass to a pretreatment system, and a first separation system forming a pentose-rich stream and a pentose-lean stream. The pentose-lean stream may be introduced to a hydrolysis system forming a hydrolysate and the hydrolysate introduced to a second separation system forming a hexose-rich stream and a lignin stream. Additionally, at least one of the pentose-rich stream or the hexose-rich stream may be introduced to a bioreactor containing microorganisms configured to produce hydrocarbon fuels. Additionally, the present disclosure also relates to systems for the production of hydrocarbon fuels. A system may include a pretreatment system, a first separation system, a hydrolysis system, a second separation system, and one or more bioreactors. Alternatively a system may include a pretreatment system, a hydrolysis system, a sugar separation system, and one or more bioreactors.

BIOLOGICAL GUARD BEDS IN CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO HYDROCARBON FUELS AND CHEMICALS

The present disclosure relates to processes for producing hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. A process may include introducing biomass to a pretreatment system forming a pretreatment effluent and introducing the pretreatment effluent to a hydrolysis system forming a hydrolysate. The hydrolysate may be introduced to a lignin separation system to form a sugar-rich stream and a lignin-rich stream. The sugar-rich stream may be introduced to a purification system comprising at least one toxin converting microorganism or subcellular material to form a purified sugar-rich stream, and the purified sugar-rich stream and one or more sugar converting microorganisms are introduced to a bioreactor configured to produce hydrocarbon fuels. Additionally, the present disclosure also related to systems for production of hydrocarbon fuels including, a pretreatment system, a hydrolysis system, a lignin separation system, a purification system, and at least one bioreactor. 1. A process for producing hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass , the process comprising:introducing biomass to a pretreatment system forming a pretreatment effluent;introducing the pretreatment effluent to a hydrolysis system forming a hydrolysate;introducing the hydrolysate to a lignin separation system to form a sugar-rich stream and a lignin-rich stream;introducing the sugar-rich stream to a purification system comprising at least one toxin converting microorganism or subcellular material from toxin-converting microorganisms to form a purified sugar-rich stream; andintroducing the purified sugar-rich stream and one or more sugar converting microorganisms to a bioreactor configured to produce hydrocarbon fuels.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the purification system comprises a subcellular material comprising an enzyme.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the purification system comprises a biofilm comprising the toxin converting microorganism.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ...

METHODS USING PERACIDS FOR CONTROLLING CORN ETHANOL FERMENTATION PROCESS INFECTION AND YIELD LOSS

A process for the use of peracid compositions to eliminate and/or control the growth of undesirable bacteria, including contaminating bacteria, in the fermentation production of alcohol is disclosed. Beneficially, the peracid compositions and methods of use of the same do not interfere or inhibit the growth or replication of yeast and have low or no adverse environmental impact. 1. A method for reducing and/or eliminating microbial populations in a fermentation system comprising:applying a peracid composition to sanitize a fermentation system, wherein the peracid composition comprises a short chain peracid and wherein the fermentation system comprises one or more fermentation vessels, pipes and/or components;providing or obtaining a mash sources in said fermentation system; andreducing and/or eliminating a microbial population of yield loss organisms in said fermentation system.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield loss organisms are lactic acid bacteria and/or acetic acid bacteria.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peracid composition comprises peroxyformic acid claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , hydrogen peroxide and water and does not include acetic acid and/or peracetic acid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peracid composition comprises from about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-% peroxyformic acid claim 1 , from about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-% formic acid claim 1 , from about 5 wt-% to about 97 wt-% water claim 1 , from about 0 wt-% to about 20 wt-% anionic surfactant claim 1 , from about 0 wt-% to about 10 wt-% oxidizing agent; about 0 wt-% to about 35 wt-% inorganic acid claim 1 , and from about 0 wt-% to about 5 wt-% sequestrant.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising fermenting a fermentable mash in the presence of at least a portion of said peracid composition claim 1 , and yeast in a vessel to produce ethanol and a solids content claim 1 , wherein said peracid composition controls growth of bacteria in the mash without reducing yeast population; ...

Method of producing chemical substance

A method of producing a chemical product by continuous fermentation includes filtering a culture liquid of a microorganism(s) through a separation membrane; retaining unfiltered liquid in, or refluxing unfiltered liquid to, the culture liquid; adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture liquid; and recovering a product in the filtrate, wherein the fermentation feedstock contains pentose and hexose, and wherein the microorganism(s) is/are a microorganism(s) having a pathway in which pentose reductase and pentol dehydrogenase are used to metabolize pentose.

Gene Knockout Mesophilic and Thermophilic Organisms, and Methods of Use Thereof

One aspect of the invention relates to a genetically modified thermophilic or mesophilic microorganism, wherein a first native gene is partially, substantially, or completely deleted, silenced, inactivated, or down-regulated, which first native gene encodes a first native enzyme involved in the metabolic production of an organic acid or a salt thereof, thereby increasing the native ability of said thermophilic or mesophilic microorganism to produce ethanol as a fermentation product. In certain embodiments, the aforementioned microorganism further comprises a first non-native gene, which first non-native gene encodes a first non-native enzyme involved in the metabolic production of ethanol. Another aspect of the invention relates to a process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, comprising contacting lignocellulosic biomass with a genetically modified thermophilic or mesophilic microorganism. 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 , or a full complement thereof.2. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which shares at least 98% identity to a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 , or a full complement thereof; wherein the nucleotide sequence , when transformed in a whole cell , aids in the process of converting biomass to ethanol.3. A genetic construct comprising SEQ ID NO:2 operably linked to a promoter expressible in a thermophilic or mesophilic bacterium.4. A recombinant thermophilic or mesophilic bacterium comprising the genetic construct of .5. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of .6. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of .7. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of .8. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of .9. A genetically modified thermophilic or mesophilic microorganism claim 2 , whereinthe genetically modified microorganism has been transformed by a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2;thereby partially, substantially, or ...

Protein Recovery

A process for recovering a protein-containing fermentation agent, comprising (i) forming an aqueous mixture of an organic material and a protein-containing fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol, (ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce ethanol, (iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and an aqueous solution of dissolved solids in water, (iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in the aqueous solution, and (v) subjecting the second stream to a second separation step, capable of recovering suspended solids from a liquid, to recover a third stream rich in the fermentation agent and a fourth stream rich in the aqueous solution. The invention also relates to a new yeast composition obtainable from the process. 1. A process for recovering a protein-containing fermentation agent , comprising:(i) forming an aqueous mixture of an organic material and a protein-containing fermentation agent capable of fermenting the organic material to produce ethanol;(ii) fermenting the aqueous mixture to produce a fermented aqueous mixture comprising ethanol;(iii) recovering from the fermented aqueous mixture an ethanol stream which is rich in ethanol and a co-product stream comprising unfermented organic material, fermentation agent and dissolved solids in water;(iv) subjecting the co-product stream to a first separation stage to recover a first stream rich in the unfermented organic material and a second stream rich in the fermentation agent suspended in water; and(v) subjecting the second stream to a second separation stage, capable of recovering suspended solids from a liquid, to recover a third stream rich in the fermentation agent and a fourth stream ...

NOVEL PROMOTER AND USE THEREOF

The promoter of the present invention causes a desired gene to be highly expressed, especially in thermotolerant yeast. The promoter is located upstream of the PIR1 gene or the CTR1 gene on the chromosome and comprises a region controlling expression of the PIR1 gene or the CTR1 gene. 1Kluyveromyces marxianus. A promoter , which is located upstream of the PIR1 gene on the chromosome and comprises a region controlling expression of the PIR1 gene.2Kluyveromyces marxianus. A promoter , which is located upstream of the CTR1 gene on the chromosome and comprises a region controlling expression of the CTR1 gene.3. The promoter according to claim 1 , which comprises a nucleotide sequence consisting of at least 1000 nucleotides from the 3′ end of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.4. The promoter according to claim 1 , which comprises a nucleotide sequence consisting of at least 2000 nucleotides from the 3′ end of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.5. The promoter according to claim 2 , which comprises a nucleotide sequence consisting of at least 384 nucleotides from the 3′ end of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.6. The promoter according to claim 2 , which comprises a nucleotide sequence consisting of at least 429 nucleotides from the 3′ end of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.7. A nucleic acid construct claim 1 , which comprises the promoter according to .8. An expression vector claim 1 , which comprises the promoter according to .9. The expression vector according to claim 8 , which further comprises a gene located downstream of the promoter.10. A transformant claim 1 , in which the promoter according to is inserted upstream of a desired gene.11. The transformant according to claim 10 , wherein the desired gene is a foreign gene.12. The transformant according to claim 10 , wherein a thermotolerant yeast cell is used as a host cell.13. The transformant according to claim 10 , which is capable of causing saccharification of a ...

Gbetagamma BINDING SITE ON THE PIK3CB GENE PRODUCT AND METHODS OF USE

Methods of treating a disease in a subject are provided comprising administering to the subject an amount of an agent which reduces, or prevents, interaction of a Gβγ with a pi 110β effective to treat the disease. Methods are also provided for identifying an inhibitor of interaction between a Gβγ and a ρ110β. Compositions are provided comprising a peptide comprising amino acid residues having the KAAEIASSDSANVSSRGGKKFLPV (SEQ ID NO:6). 1. A method of treating a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject an amount of an agent which reduces , or prevents , interaction of a Gβγ with a p110β effective to treat the disease.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein disease is a cancer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is a peptide comprising amino acid residues having the same sequence as residues 513 to 537 of SEQ ID NO:1 claim 1 , or is an active portion of residues 513 to 537 of SEQ ID NO:1.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the peptide or active portion is acylated or is myristoylated.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is an oligonucleotide which reduces binding of the Gβγ to the p110β or blocks the binding of the Gβγ to the p110β.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is an aptamer claim 1 , a nucleic acid claim 1 , an oligonucleotide claim 1 , a small organic molecule of 2000 Daltons or less claim 1 , or a nucleic-acid effector of RNAi.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the peptide is 30 amino acids or less in length.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent comprises a cDNA encoding a first portion comprising a stable inert protein claim 1 , and encoding a second portion comprising(i) (a) a peptide having the sequence of residues 513 to 537 of SEQ ID NO:1 or (b) a peptide having the sequence KAAEIASSDSANVSSRGGKKFLPV (SEQ ID NO:6), wherein the second portion is attached via a peptide bond to the C-terminus of the stable inert protein, or to the N-terminus of the stable inert protein,or(ii) (a) a peptide having the sequence of ...

GENE ENGINEERING YEAST HAVING SACCHARIFICATION FUNCTION, METHOD OF PREPARING SAME, AND APPLICATION OF SAME

A gene engineering yeast having a saccharification function, a method of preparing same, and an application of same, a nucleotide sequence for encoding glucose amylase, where: (a) the nucleotide sequence is an amino acid sequence shown by the code SEQ ID NO: 16; or (b) the sequence of the encoding region of the glucose amylase of the nucleotide sequence and the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 15 have a similarity ≧80%. 13-. (canceled)4. A yeast host cell , comprising an exogenous nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence encoding a glucoamylase , wherein the nucleotide sequence is selected from the group consisting of:(a) a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; and(b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO:15 and encodes the glucoamylase.5. The yeast host cell of claim 4 , wherein the yeast host cell does not contain an antibiotics resistance gene.6Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast host cell of claim 4 , wherein the yeast host cell is the strain deposited with the China Center for Type Culture Collection as Deposit Accession No. CCTCC M 2014657.7. A method for producing glucoamylase claim 4 , comprising steps of:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, '(a) under a suitable expression condition, culturing the yeast host cell according to , thereby expressing the glucose amylase; and'}(b) isolating and purifying the glucoamylase expressed in step (a).8. A method for producing a yeast host cell claim 4 , comprising steps of:(a) preparing three fragments, which is ENO1p-GA-ENO1t, delta5′-pUCori-CEN6/ARS-delta3′-loxP-TEF1p-KanMX-TEF1t-loxP, ADH1p-GA-PDC1t, respectively;(b) connecting the three fragments obtained in step a) to obtain a target plasmid, pYIE2-2GA-delta;{'i': 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', '(c) linearizing pYIE2-2GA-delta obtained in step b) by NotI, and transforming to obtain a transformant;'}(d) eliminating the resistance gene in a strain cultured from the transformant obtained in ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL

A method for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass using yeast at low cost is provided. The method of the present invention for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass includes steps of (1) pretreating lignocellulosic biomass, (2) treating a cellulose fraction obtained in Step (1) with a cellulose hydrolase, (3) mixing saccharified biomass obtained in Step (2) with yeasts to perform ethanol fermentation, and (4) subjecting a fermentation product obtained in Step (3) to a solid-liquid separation, wherein a cycle consisting of Steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) is repeated twice or more, and yeasts obtained in Step (4) are used as all or a portion of yeasts in Step (3) of the subsequent cycle. 17-. (canceled)8. A method for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass , comprising steps of:(1) pretreating lignocellulosic biomass;(2) treating a cellulose fraction obtained in Step (1) with a cellulose hydrolase;(3) mixing saccharified biomass obtained in Step (2) with yeasts to perform ethanol fermentation; and(4) subjecting a fermentation product obtained in Step (3) to a solid-liquid separation,wherein a cycle including Steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) is repeated twice or more,wherein yeasts obtained in Step (4) are used as all or a portion of yeasts in Step (3) of a subsequent cycle, andwherein the yeast is transformed so as to express one or two enzymes selected from the group consisting of ferulic acid esterase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and pectinase.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the Step (4) comprises steps of:(a) removing a solid content constituting 5 to 30% by mass of the fermented products; and(b) collecting a solid content constituting 5 to 30% by mass of residues obtained in Step (a).10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein a concentration of yeast cells in the fermented products is 10cells/mL or more.11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein a concentration of yeast cells in the fermented products is 10cells/mL or more. ...

COMPOSITION OF LIGNIN PELLETS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

A system for treating biomass for the production of a composition of lignin pellets is disclosed. Pellets comprising at least 50 percent lignin by dry weight is disclosed. Also disclosed are pellets produced from a lignin composition by a process comprising: pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass into pre-treated biomass; separating the pre-treated biomass into a first liquid component comprising sugars and a first solids component comprising cellulose and the lignin composition; hydrolysing the first solids component of the pre-treated biomass into a hydrolysed biomass comprising sugars and the lignin composition; separating the hydrolysed biomass into a second liquid component comprising sugars and a second solids component comprising the lignin composition; supplying the second solids component comprising the lignin composition to a pelleting apparatus to produce the pellets; wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. According to an aspect, at least a portion of the lignin is not sulfonated. 112-. (canceled)13. A process for producing pellets produced from a lignin composition , the process comprising:pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass into pre-treated biomass;separating the pre-treated biomass into a first liquid component comprising sugars and a first solids component comprising cellulose and the lignin composition;hydrolysing the first solids component of the pre-treated biomass into a hydrolysed biomass comprising sugars and the lignin composition;separating the hydrolysed biomass into a second liquid component comprising sugars and a second solids component comprising the lignin composition;supplying the second solids component comprising the lignin composition to a pelleting apparatus to produce the pellets;wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin.14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the supplying comprises supplying the second solids component to a pelleting apparatus ...

METHOD FOR REDUCING WATER USAGE IN A CELLULOSIC CONVERSION PROCESS

Disclosed herein is a process for recycling water in a cellulosic conversion process that comprises selecting process stream(s) that may contain reduced levels of inhibitors and subsequently subjecting the stream(s) to a treatment process to produce treated water. The treated water is thereafter recycled to the cellulosic conversion process, associated utilities or the seal water system. The process streams selected for treatment may comprise less than 5 wt % organic content and/or less than 5 wt % inorganic content. The process of the invention comprises at segregating process streams based on their treatment requirements. The segregated process streams may be sent to respective separate treatments selected from anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, physical separation and chemical treatment. 1. A cellulosic conversion process employing water recycle , the process comprising the steps of:(i) pretreating a lignocellulosic feedstock to produce a pretreated feedstock;(ii) hydrolyzing cellulose in the pretreated feedstock with cellulase enzymes to produce glucose;(iii) fermenting at least the glucose with microorganisms to produce a fermentation broth comprising alcohol;(iv) distilling the fermentation broth to produce concentrated alcohol and still bottoms; (a) spent cleaning solution used to clean process equipment utilized during any of the preceding steps (i) to (iv);', '(b) a process condensate stream obtained during said cellulosic conversion process;', '(c) a rectifier effluent stream obtained from the step of distilling the fermentation broth;', '(d) a blowdown stream obtained from a cooling tower or boiler system;', '(e) a regenerated stream; and', '(f) spent seal water obtained from one or more pieces of equipment used during any of the preceding steps (i) to (iv);, '(v) obtaining two or more of the following process streams from the cellulosic conversion process, associated utilities or seal water system(vi) conducting a treatment process comprising ...

METHOD TO PRODUCE ETHANOL USING WHOLE STILLAGE

A method of producing ethanol is disclosed. The method includes fermentation of carbohydrates from multiple byproduct feedstocks simultaneously during the same fermentation batch by application of a bacterial microbe which converts said carbohydrates to ethanol. A method of producing ethanol from whole stillage is also disclosed comprising converting multiple carbohydrates from multiple feedstocks simultaneously into ethanol without pre-treatment and without added enzymes. A method of producing ethanol with the application of a microbe from the Order Lactobacillales to a byproduct to produce ethanol is also disclosed. 1. A method of producing ethanol , the method comprising fermentation of carbohydrates from multiple byproduct feedstocks simultaneously during the same fermentation batch by application of a bacterial microbe which converts said carbohydrates to ethanol.2. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the byproduct feedstocks are obtained from whole stillage.3. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial microbe is from the Order Lactobacillales.4Lactobacillus casei, Pediococcus acidophilusLactobacillus plantarum.. The method of producing ethanol of claim 3 , wherein the bacterial microbe is selected from the group consisting of claim 3 , and5. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial microbe converts multiple carbohydrate types into ethanol without the addition of enzymes.6. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial microbe converts multiple carbohydrate types into ethanol without pre-treatment.7. A method of producing ethanol from whole stillage comprising converting multiple carbohydrates from multiple feedstocks simultaneously into ethanol without pre-treatment and without added enzymes.8. The method of producing ethanol of claim 7 , wherein the method includes the addition of a bacterial microbe.9. The method of producing ethanol of claim 8 , wherein the bacterial ...

Novel Method For Producing Ethanol

Provided is a novel method of producing ethanol by using a cellulose-based biomass as a raw material. In particular, provided is a novel method of producing ethanol by which ethanol can be effectively produced in the presence of a substance having an inhibitory action on fermentation of ethanol. Ethanol can be effectively produced by using a microorganism engineered to suppress the expression of at least one kind of phosphatase among the phosphatases intrinsically possessed by the microorganism, even under a condition where a substance that has heretofore been believed to have a fermentation inhibitory action, specifically, a weakly acidic substance and/or a furan compound are/is incorporated. 1. A method of producing ethanol by using a cellulose-based biomass as a raw material through a microbial fermentation , the method comprising fermenting the biomass with a microorganism engineered to suppress expression of at least one kind of phosphatase among phosphatases intrinsically possessed by the microorganism under a condition where a weakly acidic substance and/or furan compound having a fermentation inhibitory action are/is incorporated.2. A method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the suppression of the expression of the at least one kind of phosphatase is achieved by deleting part or an entirety of at least one kind of phosphatase gene among phosphatase genes present on a genome of the microorganism.3. A method of producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphatase whose expression is suppressed comprises at least one kind of phosphatase selected from phosphatases consisting of APM3 claim 1 , PHO2 claim 1 , APL5 claim 1 , APL6 claim 1 , PHO4 claim 1 , PHO13 claim 1 , PHO85 claim 1 , PHO80 claim 1 , PHO9 claim 1 , PHO5 claim 1 , and PHO81.4. A method of producing ethanol according to claim 3 , wherein the phosphatase whose expression is suppressed comprises at least one kind of phosphatase selected from phosphatases consisting of ...

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE STRAINS

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a strain of sugar fermenting with capability to ferment xylose, wherein said method comprises different procedural steps. The method comprises mating a first sporulated strain with a second haploid strain. Thereafter, screening for mated cells is performed, growing such mated cells, and verifying that mated cells exhibit basic morphology by microscopic inspection. Thereafter, creation of a mixture of the mated cells is performed, subjecting the mixture to continuous chemostat lignocellulose cultivation and obtaining the sugar fermenting cells with capability to ferment xylose is performed. The invention also comprises strains obtained by said method. 1Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A strain of comprising at least one native XKS1 gene in its genome encoding xylulokinase , at least one native XDH1 gene in its genome encoding xylitol dehydrogenase , and at least one modGre3 gene in its genome , said modGre3 gene encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 1 having xylose reductase activity or encoding a fragment of said amino acid sequence having xylose reductase activity , wherein said strain is obtained by the following steps:{'i': 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'a) sporulating a first strain of for providing at least 20 tetrads of said strain,'}{'i': Scheffersomyces stipitis', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae,, 'b) introducing DNA, encoding for xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase obtained from and xylulokinase obtained from , into a second strain of'}{'i': Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 'c) mating the first sporulated strain with the second strain evolved on xylose and in a haploid state by mixing cells of said haploid strain with each tetrad obtained in step a) to provide mated cells on an YPD agar plate,'}d) screening for mated cells on xylose and geneticin agar plates,e) growing mated cells from step d) in minimal defined xylose liquid ...

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BUTANOL USING A TITANIUM-BASED BIMETALLIC HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

The present invention relates to a method for the production of butanol using a titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support of titanium dioxide doped with cobalt cations and transition metal nanoparticles impregnated in the support. The method described produces butanol as a single product, it is environmentally responsible and cost-effective. The present invention also describes a manufacturing process of the titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst with enhanced selectivity, activity, and stability, among other advantages. 1. A titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support of titanium dioxide doped with cobalt cations and transition metal nanoparticles impregnated in the support.2. The titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the cobalt cations are cobalt (III).3. The titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the cobalt cations are absorbed into the surface of the support of titanium dioxide.4. The titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal nanoparticles are selected from gold (Au) nanoparticles claim 1 , cobalt (Co) nanoparticles or a mixture thereof.5. The titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein the transition metal nanoparticles are a mixture of gold and cobalt nanoparticles claim 4 , which forms a nanoalloy (Au—Co) in the surface of the titanium dioxide support.6. The titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal nanoparticles are from approximately 0.8 to 1.2% of the total weight of the titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst.7. The titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the transition metal nanoparticles are approximately 1.0% of the total weight of the titanium-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst.8. The titanium-based ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING BIOMASS TO PRODUCE MATERIALS USEFUL FOR BIOFUELS

Since biomass is always accompanied by caustic inorganic materials, we have found that the formation of the anion salt of α-hydroxysulfonic acid represent the largest “loss” of the α-hydroxysulfonic acid in the potential reversible acid pretreatment process. By titrating the α-hydroxysulfonic acid salt with strong mineral acid and then reverting the alfa-hydroxysulfonic acid as its primary components, the acid components can be recovered substantially quantitatively. 1. A method for recovering α-hydroxysulfonic acid in a biomass treatment process comprising:(a) providing a biomass containing polysaccharides;(b) contacting the biomass with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid thereby hydrolyzing the biomass to produce a product stream containing at least one fermentable sugar, α-hydroxysulfonic acid, and at least one salt of α-hydroxysulfonic acid;(c) contacting at least a portion of the salt of α-hydroxysulfonic acid with a mineral acid forming α-hydroxysulfonic acid and a salt of the mineral acid;(d) separating at least a portion of the α-hydroxysulfonic acid from the mineral acid by heating and/or reducing pressure and recovering the α-hydroxysulfonic acid in its component form; and(e) recovering from the product stream an acid-removed product containing at least one fermentable sugar.2. The method of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is recovered by removing at least a portion of the α-hydroxysulfonic acid in its component form from the product by heating and/or reducing pressure to produce an acid-removed product containing at least one fermentable sugar.3. The method of wherein the mineral acid is present in an amount from 0.1 equivalent to 1.2 equivalent to the salt of alfa-hydroxysulfonic acids in step (c).4. The method of wherein the mineral acid is provided to step (c).5. The method of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is present in an amount of from about 1% wt. to about 55% wt. claim 1 , based on the solution.6. The method of ...

Sscf process for second generation ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass and 2g residual biomass

The present invention relates to a process for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass via modified simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), wherein the process includes transferring or recirculation of residual biomass from a first batch of SSCF to a second batch of SSCF at the time of enzymatic hydrolysis and then transferring the residual biomass in part or completely from the second batch of SSCF to a third batch of SSCF process to its hydrolysis reaction step. Overall, the average ethanol yield from three conjugative batch of SSCF is 5.06% higher compare to the single batch of SSCF without adding any additional enzyme, and hydrolysis time.

METHOD FOR PRETREATING LIGNOCELLULOSE BY USING ACID-BASE MIXTURE CATALYST

The present invention relates to a method for pretreating lignocellulose by using an acid-base mixture catalyst. The method pretreats lignocellulose, by using a mixture catalyst of an acid and a base, so as not to pass through additional neutralization steps, and carries out pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation through an identical single reactor process, thereby having an effect of producing ethanol in an excellent production yield from lignocellulosic biomass while simplifying the total process and reducing equipment costs and total processing costs. 1. A method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass comprising:reacting an acid-base mixture catalyst having a pH value of 1 to 4 with the lignocellulosic biomass.2. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid claim 1 , maleic acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , carbonic acid claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , hydrofluoric acid claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , and citric acid.3. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the base is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , barium hydroxide claim 1 , ammonium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , and ammonia.4. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the acid and the base are mixed at a molar ratio so that the acid-base mixture catalyst has a total concentration of 0.01 to 1 M.5. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the acid-base mixture catalyst is mixed in an amount of 4 to 20% (w/v) by 1 part by weight of the lignocellulosic biomass.6. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to ...

Integrated Cellulosic Ethanol Production Process

Integrated cellulosic ethanol and corn ethanol production processes reduce the capital and operating costs of cellulosic ethanol production through high levels of integration with pre-existing corn ethanol processing equipment. The processes comprise separating corn starch from other, non-fermentable corn components (e.g. germ, protein, fiber, etc.) and cofermenting sugars derived from the corn starch in the presence of a pretreated cellulose feed. The cofermentation can be carried out using one or more hemicellulose sugar utilizing yeast strains, for example, such as one or more yeast strains. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fractionating is wet fractionating.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the wet fractionating comprises steeping claim 2 , degermination claim 2 , milling claim 2 , fiber separation claim 2 , and protein separation.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the steeping comprises soaking the corn in an aqueous solution optionally including SOor an enzyme.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the corn starch into maltodextrin comprises liquefaction.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the liquefaction comprises cooking the corn starch in the presence of a heat-stable enzyme at a temperature above about 100° C. in the presence of a shearing force.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the heat-stable enzyme is an α-amylase.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hemicellulose sugars are derived from at least a first pretreatment of a cellulosic feed optionally comprising corn fiber.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least a first pretreatment has a severity of from about 3.7 to about 4.1.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein maltodextrin is treated with a glucoamylase prior to fermentation.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein before being fed to the fermentation reactor claim 1 , the hemicellulose sugars and the maltodextrin comprise a fermentation feed having a total sugar concentration of about 100 g/L to about 500 g/L.12. The method of claim ...

ADVANCED COOK TECHNOLOGY

This disclosure describes providing techniques to treat large-size solids obtained from a slurry or a mash in dextrin production process as can be used in an alcohol production process. This disclosure describes a process for separating a large-particles stream from a liquid stream containing small particles of a process stream using a first mechanical separation device. The process further includes adding water to the large-particles stream to create a lower-solids stream in a cook tank. In an embodiment, the process may grind the large particles from the large-particles stream. In another embodiment, the process may adjust conditions (temperature, pH, processing aids addition) of the lower-solids stream in the cook tank and incubating for a predetermined amount of time. The process further includes separating components from the lower-solids stream by using a second mechanical separation device. 1. A method used in a starch to dextrin and simple sugar conversion process , the method comprising:separating components in a process stream by using a first mechanical separation device to produce a first liquids and fine-suspended solids stream in a first tank and a first large-suspended solids stream in a second tank;cooking the first large-suspended solids stream after water is added in the second tank for a predetermined amount of time;separating components in the dilute first large-suspended solids stream by using a second mechanical separation device to produce a second liquids and fine-suspended solids stream and a second large suspended-solids stream; andagitating the second large-suspended solids stream combined with water in the first tank to cause homogenization.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process stream comprises being obtained as slurry from a slurry tank prior to being cooked or as mash from a liquefaction tank after being cooked.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooking of the first large suspended-solids stream with the water in the second ...

BACILLUS BASED DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USE

Herein a exosporium molecule delivery (BEMD) system that provides a means to deliver molecules of interest (MOIs) to an environment is disclosed. The system results in the display of MOIs on the exosporium surface of family members such that they can be delivered to an environment in a stable and active form. In addition, methods of making and using the system are described. 120-. (canceled)22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the MOI is an enzyme.23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the enzyme comprises an oxidoreductase claim 22 , a transferase claim 22 , a hydrolase claim 22 , a lyase claim 22 , an isomerase claim 22 , a ligase claim 22 , a monooxygenase claim 22 , a dioxygenase claim 22 , a reductase claim 22 , a dehalogenase claim 22 , a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase claim 22 , a laccase claim 22 , a lignin peroxidase claim 22 , a manganese peroxidase claim 22 , AtzA claim 22 , MerA claim 22 , MerB claim 22 , or ChrR.24Bacillus cereusB. anthracis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis. The method of claim 21 , wherein the recombinant family member is selected from the group consisting of strains of claim 21 , and combinations thereof.25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the contaminated environment is selected from the group consisting of liquid claim 21 , solid claim 21 , semi-solid claim 21 , and gaseous environments.26. The method of claim 21 , wherein the contaminated environment is contaminated with a contaminant selected from the group consisting of atrazine claim 21 , mercury claim 21 , chromium VI claim 21 , and combinations thereof.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the contaminant is atrazine.28. The method of claim 21 , wherein the MOI reacts with the contaminant thereby reducing the amount of the contaminant found in the contaminated environment.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the MOI is an enzyme.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the enzyme comprises an oxidoreductase claim 30 , a transferase claim 30 , a hydrolase claim 30 , a lyase claim 30 , an ...

NOVEL YEAST AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL USING SAME

Provided are: a novel yeast having an ability to efficiently produce ethanol from glucose and xylose in a short time in the coexistence of the glucose and the xylose; and a method for producing ethanol using the novel yeast. A yeast, which was designated as 4-6-4T2 and was deposited as FERN BP-11509. 1Candida intermedia. A method for producing ethanol , the method comprising fermenting a raw material liquid , comprising at least one monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of glucose and xylose , with a yeast designated as 4-6-4T2 and deposited as FERM BP-11509.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material liquid comprises glucose and xylose.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein pH of the raw material liquid is 3.5 to 6.5.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the raw material liquid is a cellulosic biomass hydrolysate.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein pH of the raw material liquid is 3.5 to 6.5.6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the raw material liquid is a cellulosic biomass hydrolysate.7. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the raw material liquid is a cellulosic biomass hydrolysate. This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/345,067 filed Mar. 14, 2014, pending, which is a National Stage of PCT/JP2012/077428 filed Oct. 24, 2012, and claims the benefit of JP 2011-240158 filed Nov. 1, 2011.The present invention relates to a novel yeast and a method for producing ethanol using the same.In recent years, large-scale production of bioethanol has been conducted throughout the world as a countermeasure against global warming. A main raw material for bioethanol is edible biomass such as corn biomass or sugarcane biomass. Such edible biomass is problematic in terms of a competition between the use as a raw material for bioethanol and the use as a food material.In order to avoid such a problem, it has been desired to develop a technique of producing ethanol from a cellulosic biomass of ...

RECOMBINANT YEAST AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL USING SAME

Provided are excellent L-arabinose metabolic genes that function in yeasts. Provided is an L-arabinose metabolic gene cluster including an L-arabinose isomerase gene specified by a predetermined SEQ ID, an L-ribulokinase gene specified by a predetermined SEQ ID, and an L-ribulose-5-phosphate-4-epimerase gene specified by a predetermined SEQ ID. 1. A recombinant yeast comprising a group L-arabinose metabolic genes including an L-arabinose isomerase gene , an L-ribulokinase gene , and an L-ribulose-5-phosphate-4-epimerase gene introduced thereinto , whereinthe L-arabinose isomerase gene is a gene encoding any one of proteins (a) to (c) below:(a) a protein comprising one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6;(b) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having an identity of 80% or more to one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6 and having L-arabinose isomerase activity; and(c) a protein encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with a nucleotide sequence complementary to one nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, and 5 under stringent conditions and having L-arabinose isomerase activity.2. A recombinant yeast comprising a group of L-arabinose metabolic genes including an L-arabinose isomerase gene , an L-ribulokinase gene , and an L-ribulose-5-phosphate-4-epimerase gene introduced thereinto , whereinthe L-ribulokinase gene is a gene encoding any one of proteins (a) to (c) below:(a) a protein comprising one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16;(b) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having an identity of 80% or more to one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 and having L-ribulokinase activity; and(c) a protein encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with a nucleotide sequence complementary to one nucleotide ...

Eliminating the Need of Acidification in Bioethanol Production

An improved ethanol fermentation process with decreased use of acidifiers by adding a composition containing an aldehyde, a fatty acid, a terpene and a surfactant. The method comprising: 1. An improved method of ethanol fermentation with decreased use of acidifiers , comprising:a) mixing a fermentation feedstock with a fermentation broth containing yeast and/or an enzyme, 10-90 wt. % of an antimicrobial aldehyde,', '1-50 wt. % of a surfactant having an HLB from 4 to 18,', '0-20 wt. % of an antimicrobial terpene, or essential oils,', {'sub': 1', '24, '1-50 wt. % of organic acids selected from Cto Cfatty acids, their salts, glycerides and esters thereof, and'}, 'wherein the concentration of aldehyde in the fermentor is from about 0.25 to 3 kg/MT of fermentation feedstock, and', '1-50 wt. % water;'}], 'b) treating said mixture by adding a composition to the fermentor containingc) isolating ethanol and improving yield.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde claim 1 , para-formaldehyde claim 1 , glutaraldehyde claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation feedstock is corn claim 1 , sorghum claim 1 , wheat claim 1 , triticale claim 1 , rye claim 1 , barley claim 1 , rice or tubers.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation feedstock is sugarcane or sugar beet.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate to be fermented is derived from cellulose.6. The method of claim 1 , which is free of antimicrobial or sulfuric acid.7. A method to produce ethanol co-products with low sulfur content comprising the use of method of .8. A method to produce a low sulfur dry yeast resulting from sugarcane or sugar beet fermentation comprising the use of method of .9.10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fermentation feedstock is corn claim 2 , sorghum claim 2 , wheat claim 2 , triticale claim 2 , rye claim 2 , barley claim 2 , rice or tubers.11. The method of claim 2 , ...

GLUCOSE AND XYLOSE CO-FERMENTING MICROORGANISM THAT EXPRESSES ACTIVE GLUCOAMYLASE

Provided are microorganisms, e.g., the yeast, that have been made able to co-ferment xylose sugar-obtained from hydrolyzing plant cellulosic biomass form trees, grasses, straws, etc., with glucose that can be obtained from hydrolyzing either edible feedstocks such as starch, cane sugar, etc. or from hydrolyzing cellulose from various types of non-edible cellulosic biomass. The microorganisms are also capable of expressing an amylase, e.g., glucoamylase, having nonnegligible enzymatic activity, capable of producing glucose from oligo- or polysaccharides obtained by treating soluble starch with α-amylase. In some embodiments, nucleotidic material is provided comprising genes actively expressing xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase as well as an active gene expressing glucoamylase. Vectors and other compositions of matter are provided as. 1. In a container containing biomass , a microorganism capable of fermenting glucosidic and xylosic material to ethanol and also capable of expressing and/or secreting glucoamylase having nonnegligible enzymatic activity for breaking down polysaccharides of the biomass , the polysaccharides containing at least two six-carbon saccharidic unit.2. The microorganism of claim 1 , wherein the microorganism has nucleotidic material traceable to a man-made recombinant process.3. The microorganism of claim 2 , wherein the microorganism is a yeast.4. The microorganism of claim 3 , wherein the yeast ferments glucose to ethanol.5Saccharomyces.. The microorganism of claim 3 , wherein the yeast is of the genus6. The microorganism of claim 3 , wherein the microorganism is produced by a process comprising:(a) transforming yeast cells with a replicative and integrative plasmid comprising an autonomous replicating sequence, exogenous nucleotidic material, and a selection marker; and(b) repeatedly replicating the cells from step (a) to produce a number of generations of progeny cells while selecting for cells which include the ...

Methods and means of increasing the water use efficiency of plants

The invention relates to methods of producing a desired phenotype in a plant by manipulation of gene expression within the plant. The method relates to means which inhibit the level of PK220 gene expression or activity, wherein a desired phenotype such as increased water use efficiency relative to a wild type control plant. The invention also relates to nucleic acid sequences and constructs useful such methods and methods of generating and isolating plants having decreased PK220 expression or activity.

METHOD FOR EFFICIENT ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

The invention relates to a method for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and more particularly, it relates to efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic part of lignocellulosic materials like corncob, corn stover, sugarcane/beet bagasse or any similar lignocellulosic materials. 1. A improved process for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass comprising:(a) Providing a lignocellulosic material and preparing its mixture in water;(b) pretreating said mixture with one or more acids at a desired temperature for a desired time period to obtain a first stream;(c) adjusting pH of said first stream with a base to obtain a second stream;(d) treating said second stream with sodium sulphite at a desired temperature for a desired time period to obtain a third stream;(e) contacting said third stream with one or more of cellulolytic enzymes at desired temperature for a desired time period to obtain a sugar rich final stream; and(f) subjecting said final stream to a fermenting yeast to obtain ethanol.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said:(a) acids comprises oxalic acid or sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid or a combination thereof;(b) cellulolytic enzymes comprises one or more of cellulase and hemicellulase;(c) enzymes are used between 10 mg and 100 mg per gram of cellulose present in said third stream;(d) base is magnesium oxide;(e) desired temperature to obtain said first stream ranges from about 140° C. to about 210° C.; and(f) desired time period to obtain said first stream ranges from about 5 minutes to about 120 minutes.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said desired temperature to obtain said third stream ranges from about 60° C. to about 80° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said desired time period to obtain said third stream ranges from about 10 minutes to about 60 minutes.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said desired temperature to obtain said final stream ranges from about 40° C. to about 80° C.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein ...

ENGINEERED YEAST STRAINS ENABLING ANAEROBIC XYLOSE FERMENTATION DECOUPLED FROM MICROBIAL GROWTH

The present invention relates to materials and methods for the production of ethanol. More particularly, the present invention provides genetically modified strains of exhibiting decreased level of BCY1 protein activity and capable of anaerobic fermentation of xylose into ethanol without the need for cell growth. Also provided are methods of using such genetically engineered yeast strains for improved anaerobic xylose fermentation in the yeast for industrial-scale production of various fuels, chemical feedstocks, and synthetic polymers. 1. A recombinant yeast genetically engineered to ferment xylose and exhibit a decreased level of BCY 1 protein activity , wherein the recombinant yeast provides increased rate of anaerobic xylose fermentation in the yeast relative to a recombinant yeast having the same genetic background but not exhibiting a decreased level of BCY 1 protein activity.2. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , further comprising a degradable tag operably linked to BCY 1 to decrease levels of BCY 1 protein activity.3. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast has been genetically engineered to lack BCY 1 protein activity by a mutation in the recombinant yeast's BCY 1 gene.4. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast exhibits reduced cell growth as compared to a recombinant yeast having the same genetic background but not exhibiting a decreased level of BCY 1 protein activity.5Saccharomyces.. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast is of the genus6Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The recombinant yeast of claim 5 , wherein the recombinant yeast is7. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast produces ethanol at an increased rate relative to a recombinant yeast not exhibiting decreased levels of BCY 1 protein activity.8. The recombinant yeast of claim 7 , wherein the increased rate of ethanol production occurs under anaerobic conditions.9. A yeast inoculum claim 1 , ...

YEAST CELL CAPABLE OF CONVERTING SUGARS INCLUDING ARABINOSE AND XLOSE

Yeast cell belonging to the genus having introduced into its genome at least one xylA gene and at least one of each of araA, araB and araD genes and that is capable of consuming a mixed sugar mixture comprising glucose, xylose and arabinose, wherein the cell co-consumes glucose and arabinose, has genetic variations obtained during adaptive evolution and has a specific xylose consumption rate in the presence of glucose that is 0.25 g xylose/h, g DM or more. 1Saccharomyces. A yeast cell belonging to the genus having introduced into the genome thereof , at least one xylA gene and at least one of each of araA , araB and araD genes and said yeast cell being capable of consuming a mixed sugar mixture comprising glucose , xylose and arabinose , wherein the cell co-consumes glucose and arabinose , and comprises genetic variations obtained during adaptive evolution and comprises a specific xylose consumption rate in the presence of glucose that is at least 0.25 g xylose/h , g DM.2Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The yeast cell according to claim 1 , wherein said yeast cell is3. The yeast cell according to claim 1 , wherein the specific xylose consumption rate in the presence of glucose is at least 0.35 g xylose/h claim 1 , g DM.4. The yeast cell according to claim 1 , wherein the specific xylose consumption rate in the presence of glucose is at least from 0.25 to 0.60 g xylose/h claim 1 , g DM.5. The yeast cell according to claim 1 , wherein copy numbers of the araA claim 1 , araB and araD genes are three or four each.6. The yeast cell according to claim 1 , wherein the copy number of xylA is about 9 or 10.7. The yeast cell according to claim 1 , having at least one single nucleotide polymorphism selected from the group consisting of mutations G1363T in the SSY1 gene claim 1 , A512T in YJR154w gene claim 1 , A1186G in CEP3 gene claim 1 , A436C in GAL80 gene and A113G in PMR1 gene.8. The yeast cell according to claim 6 , which comprises a single polymorphism A436C in GAL80 gene.9. ...

PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS, BIOCHEMICALS, AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS FROM CELLULOSIC PULP

Methods for production of alcohol, biomolecules, and/or microbial biomass using cellulosic pulp as a feedstock are provided. Cellulosic pulp is contacted with an enzyme composition to produce fermentable sugars, which are used as a carbon source for a microorganism to produce alcohols or biochemicals by fermentation and/or to produce only microbial biomass. 1. A method of producing an end product from pulp , the method comprising:(a) obtaining an aqueous slurry comprising 8 to 12% by weight of cellulosic pulp;(b) contacting the cellulosic pulp with an enzyme composition to produce fermentable sugars, wherein the aqueous slurry is at a temperature between 45 and 60° C. and a pH between 4.5 and 6; and(c) using the fermentable sugars as a carbon source for a microorganism to produce an end product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic pulp is brownstock pulp or bleached pulp from a kraft pulping process or a sulfite pulping process.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting the temperature of the aqueous slurry to between 25 and 38° C. before or during step (c).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the end product is ethanol and wherein step (c) further comprises fermentation of the fermentable sugars by the microorganism and production of ethanol to a concentration of at least 3% w/v in the aqueous slurry.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the end product comprises one or more of the following biochemicals produced by the microorganism: acetic acid claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , gluconic acid claim 1 , L-ascorbic acid claim 1 , or itaconic acid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic pulp continues during at least a portion of step (c).7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the fermentable sugars from solids in the aqueous slurry before step (c) claim 1 , wherein the end product comprises biomass of the microorganism.8. The method of claim 7 , ...

RECOMBINANT YEAST HAVING ENHANCED GAMMA VALEROLACTONE TOLERANCE AND METHODS OF USE

The present invention relates to materials and methods for the production of ethanol. More particularly, the present invention provides genetically modified strains of having enhanced tolerance for gamma valerolactone (GVL) toxicity. Also provided are methods of using such genetically engineered yeast strains for improved GVL-mediated hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for industrial-scale ethanol production. 1. A recombinant yeast that has been genetically engineered to exhibit a reduced amount of functional PAD1 polypeptide , wherein the recombinant yeast has increased tolerance to gamma valerolactone (GVL) toxicity relative to a wild-type yeast or another recombinant yeast not exhibiting a reduced amount of functional PAD1 polypeptide.2. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , further exhibiting a reduced amount of functional FDC1 polypeptide claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast has increased tolerance to GVL toxicity relative to a wild-type yeast or another recombinant yeast not exhibiting reduced amounts of functional PAD1 and FDC1 polypeptides.3. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast comprises a disabling mutation in a gene encoding PAD1 polypeptide.4. The recombinant yeast of claim 2 , wherein the recombinant yeast further comprises a disabling mutation in a gene encoding FDC1 polypeptide.5. The recombinant yeast of claim 3 , wherein the gene encoding PAD1 polypeptide is SEQ ID NO:8.6. The recombinant yeast of claim 4 , wherein the gene encoding FDC1 polypeptide is SEQ ID NO:10.7. The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , further exhibiting reduced or undetectable amounts of functional ISU1 claim 1 , GRE3 claim 1 , and IRA2 polypeptides claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast is capable of increased aerobic or anaerobic xylose fermentation relative to a wild-type yeast or another recombinant yeast not exhibiting reduced amounts of functional PAD1 claim 1 , ISU1 claim 1 , GRE3 claim 1 , and IRA2 polypeptides.8. The recombinant yeast of ...

PROCESS FOR THE STEPWISE TREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL TO PRODUCE REACTIVE CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS

A method for the fractionation of lignocellulosic materials into reactive chemical feedstock in a batch or semi continuous process by the stepwise treatment with aqueous aliphatic alcohols in the presence of sulfur dioxide or acid. Lignocellulosic material is fractionated in a fashion that cellulose is removed as pulp, or converted to esterified cellulose, cooking chemicals are reused, lignin is separated in the forms of reactive native lignin and reactive lignosulfonates and hemicelluloses are converted into fermentable sugars, while fermentation inhibitors are removed. In an integrated vapor compression stripper and evaporator system, aliphatic alcohol is removed from a liquid stream and the resulting stream is concentrated for further processing. 134-. (canceled)35. A process for producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic material , said process comprising (a) treating said lignocellulosic material with a solution of aliphatic alcohol , water , and sulfur dioxide at a concentration higher than 8 wt % , to generate cellulose and a liquid hydrolyzate; (b) removing said cellulose from said hydrolyzate; and (c) separately hydrolyzing oligomers contained in said hydrolyzate to generate fermentable sugars.36. The process of claim 35 , wherein a different concentration of said solution of aliphatic alcohol claim 35 , water claim 35 , and sulfur dioxide is used in a first stage of treatment of said lignocellulosic material than is used in one or more subsequent stages of treatment with intermediate removal of hydrolyzate and cellulose.37. The process of claim 35 , wherein said process is carried out at for a period of time between 15 minutes and 720 minutes.38. The process of claim 35 , wherein said process is carried out at temperatures between 65° C. and 200° C.39. The process of claim 35 , wherein said aliphatic alcohol is produced from fermenting and distilling hydrolyzed fermentable sugars produced in said process claim 35 , and wherein said aliphatic alcohol ...

SYSTEM FOR FERMENTATION OF BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL

A system for fermentation of biomass is disclosed. The system comprises a method for producing a fermentation product in a fermentation system from biomass that has been pre-treated and separated into a first component and a second component. The method comprises the steps of supplying the first component to the fermentation system; providing an ethanologen to the fermentation system; maintaining the first component and ethanologen in the fermentation system; and recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation system. A fermentation system configured to produce a fermentation product from biomass that has been pre-treated and separated into a first component and a second component is disclosed. The system comprises a first vessel configured to receive the first component and an ethanologen and a second vessel configured to propagate the ethanologen for supply to the first vessel. A biorefinery for producing a fermentation product from biomass is also disclosed. The biorefinery comprises a preparation system to prepare the biomass into prepared biomass; a pre-treatment system to pre-treat the prepared biomass with a dilute acid for separation into a first component from which pentose can accessed for fermentation and a second component from which hexose can be made available for fermentation; a first treatment system to treat the first component into a treated first component by removing removed components from the first component; a first fermentation system to produce a first fermentation product from the pentose; a distillation system to recover ethanol from the first fermentation product; and a treatment system to process removed components. The biomass comprises lignocellulosic material; the lignocellulosic material comprises at least one of corn cobs, corn plant husks, corn plant leaves and corn plant stalks. The first component comprises pentose; the pentose comprises xylose. The ethanologen is capable of fermenting xylose into ethanol. 123-. ( ...

ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN ENGINEERED YEAST

The present disclosure provides, in various aspects, engineered alcohol tolerant yeast and methods of producing high concentrations of ethanol. 1. A method of alcohol production , comprising culturing yeast cells in culture medium that comprises fermentable feedstock and a potassium salt , wherein the potassium salt is in an amount sufficient to produce at least 100 g/L alcohol.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the potassium salt is potassium phosphate monobasic (KHPO) claim 1 , potassium phosphate dibasic (KHPO) claim 1 , potassium sulfate (KSO) or potassium chloride (KCl).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the potassium salt is in an amount sufficient to produce at least 130 g/L alcohol claim 1 , at least 140 g/L alcohol claim 1 , or at least 150 g/L alcohol.45-. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is ethanol claim 1 , isopropanol or isobutanol.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the potassium salt is KHPO claim 1 , or wherein the potassium salt is KCl and the culture medium further comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH).8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the KOH is in an amount sufficient to maintain claim 7 , in the culture medium claim 7 , a pH of at least 3.5.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of potassium salt is about 25 mM to about 100 mM.11. (canceled)12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermentable feedstock comprises cellulosic feedstock or fermentable sugar.13. (canceled)14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fermentable feedstock comprises a fermentable sugar selected from glucose and xylose.15. (canceled)16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the concentration of the fermentable sugar is about 50 g/L to about 400 g/L.1718-. (canceled)19Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method of claim 12 , wherein the yeast cells are cells.20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the yeast cells are industrial yeast cells.21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the yeast cells are NCYC 479 (Sake) yeast cells claim 12 , PE-2 ( ...

FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR IMPROVED GLYCEROL AND ACETIC ACID CONVERSION

The invention relates to a process for producing a fermentation product that comprises fermentation of a carbon source in a reactor with a cell, capable of converting sugar, glycerol and acetic acid, wherein the carbon source comprises sugar and acetic acid, comprising the following steps: 1. Process for producing a fermentation product that comprises fermentation of a carbon source in a reactor with a cell , capable of converting sugar , glycerol and acetic acid , wherein the carbon source comprises sugar and acetic acid , comprising:a) Inoculating a optionally diluted carbon source with the cell;b) optionally fermenting the reactor in batch mode;c) adding carbon source comprising glycerol and optionally sugar gradually to the reactor;d) after sufficient fermentation time, isolation of fermentation product from the reactor,e) optionally keeping the remaining fraction after isolation of d) as spent broth; andf) optionally using the spent broth in a) to dilute the carbon source.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon source comprises lignocellulosic hydrolysate.3. Process according to claim 2 , wherein the amount of glycerol added is such that the molar concentration of glycerol in the reactor is about twice the molar concentration or 1.8 to 2.2 times the molar concentration of acetic acid in the reactor.4. Process according to claim 2 , wherein the added glycerol originates from a starch or sugar based ethanol product plant or a biodiesel plant.5. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the addition of glycerol is commenced when the glucose concentration in reactor is 2 g/l or lower.6. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the remaining fraction after isolation of f) is kept as spent broth; and the spent broth is used in b).7. Process according claim 1 , wherein the cell is capable of consuming xylose in the lignocelluloic hydrolysate claim 1 , optionally substantially all xylose.8. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the cell is a yeast cell that is ...

GENES THAT IMPROVE TOLERANCE TO LIGNOCELLULOSIC TOXINS WHEN OVEREXPRESSED IN YEAST AND METHODS OF USE IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

The present invention provides isolated gene sequences useful in increasing lignocellulosic toxin tolerance in yeast. Such engineered yeast are useful in methods of biofuel production, particularly ethanol production. Methods of bioengineering recombinant yeast with increased lignocellulosic toxin tolerance are also provided. 1. A recombinant vector comprising: (a) the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 , SEQ ID NO:2 , or SEQ ID NO:3; or (b) a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:1 , SEQ ID NO:2 , or SEQ ID NO:3 or to a fully complementary nucleotide sequence thereof; and (c) a promoter operably-linked to the nucleotide sequence of (a) or (b); wherein overexpression in yeast of said nucleotide sequence provides increased tolerance to lignocellulosic toxins relative to a control yeast lacking overexpression of the nucleotide sequence.2. The recombinant vector of claim 1 , wherein said vector includes heterologous nucleotide sequences that stably maintain the vector at a high copy number when transformed into yeast.3. The recombinant vector of claim 1 , wherein the promoter is a heterologous promoter.4. A recombinant yeast comprising the recombinant vector of .5Saccharomyces.. The recombinant yeast of claim 4 , wherein the recombinant yeast is of the genus6Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The recombinant yeast of claim 5 , wherein the recombinant yeast is of the species7. The recombinant yeast of claim 4 , wherein the recombinant vector is an extrachromosomal vector stably maintained in the recombinant yeast.8. The recombinant yeast of claim 4 , wherein the recombinant vector in stably maintained at a high copy number in the recombinant yeast.9. The recombinant yeast of claim 4 , wherein the recombinant vector is integrated into a chromosome of the recombinant yeast.10. A method for producing biofuel by fermentation of a lignocellulosic plant material in yeast claim 1 , comprising: (a) culturing under biofuel-producing conditions a ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROPAGATION OF A MICROORGANISM USING A PULP MILL AND/OR A PAPER MILL WASTE BY-PRODUCT, AND RELATED METHODS AND SYSTEMS

The present disclosure relates to using a source of one or more monosaccharides derived from a pulp or paper mill waste by-product for propagating microorganisms (e.g., yeast or bacteria). If desired, after propagation, the microorganisms can then be used to ferment one or more monosaccharides derived from a pulp or paper mill waste by-product into one or more biochemicals. Optionally, a stillage composition can be included in propagation medium to facilitate propagation and/or a stillage composition can be used to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides in a pulp or paper mill waste by-product to form monosaccharides. 1. A method of propagating a microorganism , the method comprising:a) providing a propagation medium comprising a source of one or more monosaccharides derived from a pulp or paper mill waste by-product;b) providing a first cell mass of a microorganism that can convert at least a portion of the one or more monosaccharides into a biochemical;d) combining the propagation medium and the first cell mass of the microorganism to form a propagation composition, wherein the propagation composition is exposed to conditions to propagate the first cell mass of the microorganism into a second cell mass of the microorganism.2) The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste by-product comprises a pulp sludge and/or a paper sludge claim 1 , and wherein the propagation composition further comprises one or more enzymes that hydrolyze one or more polysaccharides in the pulp sludge and/or the paper sludge to form the one or more monosaccharides.3) The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of the one or more monosaccharides comprises a saccharified composition derived from hydrolysis of one or more polysaccharides in a pulp sludge and/or a paper sludge.4) The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste by-product comprises a liquor.5) The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of one or more monosaccharides is present in amount of 1 to 99 percent ...

METHODS AND MEANS OF INCREASING THE WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF PLANTS

The invention relates to methods of producing a desired phenotype in a plant by manipulation of gene expression within the plant. The method relates to means which inhibit the level of PK220 gene expression or activity, wherein a desired phenotype such as increased water use efficiency relative to a wild type control plant. The invention also relates to nucleic acid sequences and constructs useful such methods and methods of generating and isolating plants having decreased PK220 expression or activity. 1. A vector comprising a promoter having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 186.2. The vector of claim 1 , further comprising a terminator having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 189.3. The vector of claim 2 , further comprising a gene of interest inserted between the promoter and the terminator.4. The vector of claim 3 , wherein the promoter is not endogenous to the gene of interest.5. A method of producing a genetically modified plant claim 1 , comprising introducing the vector of into a plant claim 1 , a plant tissue culture claim 1 , or a plant cell.6. A genetically modified plant produced by the method of .7. A seed produced by the genetically modified plant of claim 6 , wherein the seed comprises the vector. This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/385,354, filed on Jul. 26, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/678,306, filed on Nov. 8, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/019,077, filed on Jun. 26, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,508,283, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/266,276, filed on Sep. 15, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,036,035, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/483,660, filed on Jun. 12, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,453,238, which claims the benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 61/132,067, filed Jun. 13, 2008, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The ...

METHODS AND MEANS OF INCREASING THE WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF PLANTS

The invention relates to methods of producing a desired phenotype in a plant by manipulation of gene expression within the plant. The method relates to means which inhibit the level of PK220 gene expression or activity, wherein a desired phenotype such as increased water use efficiency relative to a wild type control plant. The invention also relates to nucleic acid sequences and constructs useful such methods and methods of generating and isolating plants having decreased PK220 expression or activity. 1. A vector comprising a terminator having the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 189.2. A method of producing a genetically modified plant claim 1 , comprising introducing the vector of into a plant claim 1 , a plant tissue culture claim 1 , or a plant cell.3. A genetically modified plant produced by the method of .4. A seed produced by the genetically modified plant of claim 3 , wherein the seed comprises the vector. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/385,354, filed on Jul. 26, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/678,306, filed on Nov. 8, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/019,077, filed on Jun. 26, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,508,283, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/266,276, filed on Sep. 15, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,036,035, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/483,660, filed on Jun. 12, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,453,238, which claims the benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 61/132,067, filed Jun. 13, 2008, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The contents of the text file named “PREP-017_D02US SEQ LISTING.txt”, which was created on Nov. 7, 2019 and is 225 KB in size, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.The invention is in the field of plant molecular biology and relates to transgenic plants having novel phenotypes, methods of producing such plants ...

Alcohol Product Processes

The present invention relates to processes for production of an alcohol product from granular starch comprising a pre-treatment at an elevated temperature below the initial gelatinization temperature of said granular starch followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and optionally recovery of ethanol. 1. A process for production of an alcohol product comprising the sequential steps of:(a) holding a slurry comprising water and granular starch in the presence of an acid alpha-amylase and a glucoamylase at a temperature of 0° C. to 20° C. below the initial gelatinization temperature of the granular starch for a period between 5 minutes and 12 hours, and(b) fermenting the slurry in the presence of an acid alpha-amylase, a glucoamylase and a yeast at a temperature between 10° C. and 35° C. to produce the alcohol product, wherein step (a) and/or step (b) is performed in the presence of a phytase.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising recovering the alcohol product.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol product is fuel ethanol claim 1 , potable ethanol and/or industrial ethanol.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature during step (b) is between 28° C. and 36° C.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH during step (a) is in the range of 3-7.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH during step (b) is in the range of 3-7.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the starch slurry has 5-60% DS granular starch.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the granular starch is obtained from tubers claim 1 , roots claim 1 , stems claim 1 , fruits claim 1 , seeds or whole grain.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the granular starch is obtained from corn claim 1 , cobs claim 1 , wheat claim 1 , barley claim 1 , rye claim 1 , milo claim 1 , sago claim 1 , cassava claim 1 , manioc claim 1 , tapioca claim 1 , sorghum claim 1 , rice or potatoes.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the granular starch is obtained from cereals.11. The process of claim ...