Electromagnetic Casting Apparatus for Silicon

This invention aims at providing a silicon electromagnetic casting apparatus for accurate and easy manufacturing of high quality silicon ingots. This apparatus uses a furnace vessel 100, a conductive crucible 200 installed in the internal part of the furnace vessel 100 and an induction coil 300 installed on the outer circumference of the crucible 200. Constant pressure is maintained in the internal part of the furnace vessel 100 using a prescribed gas and the silicon inside the above mentioned crucible 200 is solidified after melting it by induction heating by applying voltage on the induction coil 300. The induction coil 300 is made by placing 2 induction coils 310 and 320 having different induction frequencies one above the other.

Systems For Insulating Directional Solidification Furnaces

Systems and methods are disclosed for inhibiting heat transfer through lateral sidewalls of a support member positioned beneath a crucible in a directional solidification furnace. The systems and methods include the use of insulation positioned adjacent the lateral sidewalls of the support member. The insulation inhibits heat transfer through the lateral sidewalls of the support member to ensure the one-dimensional transfer of heat from the melt through the support member.

FURNACES, PARTS THEREOF, AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

A furnace comprises a cage holding and supporting an insulation pack comprising one or more base boards, one or more top boards and a plurality of side boards each of rigid carbon fiber based insulation material, the one or more base boards, one or more top boards, and plurality of side boards defining a cavity between them. A flexible carbon felt is disposed between the side boards and the cage. 1. A furnace comprising a cage holding and supporting an insulation pack comprising one or more base boards , one or more top boards and a plurality of side boards each of rigid carbon fiber based insulation material , the one or more base boards , one or more top boards , and plurality of side boards defining a cavity between them , characterized in that a flexible carbon felt is disposed between the side boards and the cage.2. The furnace as claimed in claim 1 , in which the cage comprises an upper portion and a lower portion claim 1 , the upper portion housing the one or more top boards and a plurality of side boards claim 1 , and the lower portion housing the one or more base boards and a plurality of side boards.3. The furnace as claimed in claim 1 , in which the flexible carbon felt comprises at least one continuous layer of flexible carbon felt wrapped around at least some of the side boards to overlap itself.4. The furnace as claimed in claim 1 , in which sheets of graphite foil are disposed between the cage and the flexible carbon felt.5. The furnace as claimed in claim 1 , in which one or more sides of one or more of the one or more base boards claim 1 , one or more top boards claim 1 , and plurality of side boards is coated with graphite foil.6. The furnace as claimed in claim 1 , in which one or more sides of one or more of the one or more base boards claim 1 , one or more top boards claim 1 , and plurality of side boards is coated with graphite paint.7. The furnace as claimed in claim 1 , in which some at least of the one or more base boards claim 1 , one or ...

METHODS OF ADJUSTING INSULATION IN A DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION FURNACE

Methods are disclosed for inhibiting heat transfer through lateral sidewalls of a support member positioned beneath a crucible in a directional solidification furnace. The methods include the use of insulation positioned adjacent the lateral sidewalls of the support member. The insulation inhibits heat transfer through the lateral sidewalls of the support member to ensure the one-dimensional transfer of heat from the melt through the support member. 1. A directional solidification furnace comprising:a crucible for holding molten silicon;a crucible support having vertical walls and a bottom plate for supporting the crucible;a support member having an upper surface and a lower surface connected along their respective peripheries by lateral sidewalls, the bottom plate of the crucible support positioned adjacent the upper surface of the support member;insulation positionable between a first position in contact with the lateral sidewalls of the support member and a second position disposed away from the lateral sidewalls of the support member.2. The furnace of claim 1 , wherein the insulation is in contact with the lateral sidewalls of the support member when in the first position.3. The furnace of claim 1 , wherein the insulation is not in contact with the lateral sidewalls of the support member when in the second position.4. A method of adjusting the position of insulation in a directional solidification furnace claim 1 , the furnace including a crucible for holding molten silicon claim 1 , a crucible support for supporting the crucible claim 1 , the crucible support having a bottom plate claim 1 , a support member having an upper surface in contact with the bottom plate of the crucible support claim 1 , the support member having lateral sidewalls claim 1 , the method comprising:positioning the insulation in a first position during solidification of molten silicon in the crucible, wherein the insulation is adjacent the lateral sidewalls of the support member when in ...

COMBINED GRAPHITE TUBE AND GRAPHITE CRUCIBLE CONSTITUTED THEREBY

A combined graphite tube is combined by stacking a plurality of graphite short-tubes together, where each graphite short-tube includes a upper coupling portion and a lower coupling portion, the upper coupling portion is positioned on a top face of a upper side of the graphite short-tube; and the lower coupling portion is positioned on a bottom face of a lower side of the graphite short-tube, and corresponds to the upper coupling portion, allowing the upper coupling portion of each graphite short-tube to be propped against the lower coupling portion of another graphite short-tube; the graphite short-tubes are fused and coupled together by means of a sintering treatment after the graphite short-tubes are stacked together. Whereby, the combined graphite tube of the present invention may be utilized in silicon smelting, and may be coupled to an enough length of graphite tube depending on requirements or derive a graphite crucible, capable of improving silicon smelting efficiency. 1. A combined graphite tube , combined by stacking a plurality of graphite short-tubes together , each said graphite short-tube comprising:a upper coupling portion, positioned on a top face of a upper side of said graphite short-tube; anda lower coupling portion, positioned on a bottom face of a lower side of said graphite short-tube, and corresponding to said upper coupling portion, allowing said upper coupling portion of each said graphite short-tube to be propped against said lower coupling portion of another graphite short-tube;wherein said graphite short-tubes are fused and coupled together by means of a sintering treatment after said graphite short-tubes are stacked together.2. The combined graphite tube according to claim 1 , wherein said upper coupling portion is a flat plane and said lower coupling portion is a corresponding flat plane claim 1 , or said coupling portion is an inclined plane inclined upward from outside to inside and said lower coupling portion is an inclined plane ...

HEAT TREATMENT CONTAINER FOR VACUUM HEAT TREATMENT APPARATUS

A heat treatment container for a vacuum heat treatment apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes a bottom portion and a sidewall, and a support protruding inward. 1. A heat treatment container for a vacuum heat treatment apparatus , comprising: a bottom portion and a sidewall , and a support protruding inward.2. The heat treatment container of claim 1 , wherein the support elongates in a depth direction of the heat treatment container.3. The heat treatment container of claim 1 , wherein the support is positioned the sidewall.4. The heat treatment container of claim 3 , wherein the support is formed at each sidewall by a single or in plural.5. The heat treatment container of claim 1 , wherein the support has a rectangular or round cross-section.6. The heat treatment container of claim 1 , wherein the support is integrally formed to the heat treatment container.7. The heat treatment container of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment container is for manufacturing of silicon carbide.8. A heat treatment container for a vacuum heat treatment apparatus claim 1 , comprising: a plan shape having a curve-shaped portion.9. The heat treatment container of claim 8 , wherein the plan shape of the heat treatment container is curved.10. The heat treatment container of claim 8 , wherein the plan shape of the heat treatment container is circular or ellipse.11. The heat treatment container of claim 8 , wherein the heat treatment container has a inner space and an opened one side claim 8 , and further includes a cover member covering the heat treatment container claim 8 , wherein the cover member includes a first portion having a first thickness and contacting the heat treatment container and a second portion having a second thickness larger than the first thickness and corresponding to the inner space.12. The heat treatment container of claim 11 , wherein a side of the second portion adjacent to the first portion is inclined or rounded with respect to a cover surface of ...

CONTINUOUS CASTING METHOD OF SILICON INGOT

Provided is a continuous casting method of a silicon ingot for continuously casting the silicon ingot by arranging, inside an induction coil, a bottomless cold crucible having a part along an axial direction that is circumferentially divided into a plurality of strip elements, forming molten silicon inside the cold crucible through electromagnetic induction heating by the induction coil, and solidifying the molten silicon while pulling it down from the cold crucible, wherein as the cold crucible, used is a cold crucible with Ni—B alloy plating on a portion in the inner surface thereof that faces the outer side surface of the molten silicon and the outer surface of the silicon ingot. The method can reduce the damage to the inner surface of the cold crucible, in addition to the contamination of cast ingots with impurities. 1as the cold crucible, used is a cold crucible having Ni—B alloy plating on a portion in the inner surface thereof that faces the outer side surface of the molten silicon and the outer surface of the silicon ingot.. A continuous casting method of a silicon ingot for continuously casting the silicon ingot by arranging, inside an induction coil, a bottomless cold crucible having a part along an axial direction that is circumferentially divided into a plurality of strip elements, forming molten silicon inside the cold crucible through electromagnetic induction heating by the induction coil, and solidifying the molten silicon while pulling it down from the cold crucible, wherein The present invention relates to a continuous casting method of a silicon ingot for use in a solar battery substrate. More specifically, the present invention relates to a continuous casting method of a silicon ingot, capable of mitigating damage to the inner surface of a bottomless cold crucible, while capable of suppressing contamination of cast ingot with impurities.In recent years, problems such as global warming by COemission and deletion of energy resources are becoming ...

SILICA CRUCIBLE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME

A silica crucible and a fabricating method thereof are provided. The silica crucible includes a vitreous silica body having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface of the vitreous silica body defining a cavity adapted for containing a molten material or a powder material; and a first coating layer formed on the inner surface of the vitreous silica body. The first coating layer is formed by pyrolysing a composite of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, radium, chromium, selenium, barium, yttrium, cerium, hafnium, tantalum, tin or silicon under a predetermined temperature. The first coating layer substantially includes of a nonhomogeneous material, and an interface is defined by the homogeneous material and the nonhomogeneous material between the vitreous silica body and the coating layer. The first coating layer has strong adhesion capability and guarantees the coating layer will not be easily peeled off or removed. 1. A silica crucible , comprising:a vitreous silica body having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface of the vitreous silica body defining a cavity adapted for containing at least one of a molten material or a powder material; anda first coating layer formed on the inner surface of the vitreous silica body;wherein the first coating layer is formed by pyrolysing a composite of at least one of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, radium, chromium, selenium, barium, yttrium, cerium, hafnium, tantalum, tin or silicon under a predetermined temperature; andwherein the first coating layer substantially comprises a nonhomogeneous material, and an interface is defined by a homogeneous material and the nonhomogeneous material between the vitreous silica body and the coating layer.2. The silica crucible of claim 1 , wherein when forming the first coating layer claim 1 , the predetermined temperature of the vitreous silica body is maintained between about 650° C. and about 1600° C.3. The silica crucible ...

NON-MONOLITHIC CRUCIBLE

The present invention provides a non-monolithic crucible for sapphire production and methods of making and using the same. 1. A non-monolithic crucible , which comprises a bottom part , at least one top part , and one or more optional additional top part ,{'sub': 2', '3, 'wherein the bottom part comprises a monolithic bottom crucible is capable of securely containing a liquid of AlO;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'wherein the at least one top part and one or more optional additional top part are mounted onto of the bottom part and on top of each other forming a joint(s) between the parts so as to be able to securely contain a powder of AlOwithout significant powder leakage through any of the parts or through any of the joints between the parts.'}2. The non-monolithic crucible according to claim 1 , which is made by:a) CIP—machine on lathe—sinter—machine on lathe,b) CIP—sinter—machine on lathe,c) CIP—sinter,d) HIP—machine on lathe,e) HIP,f) assembling the crucible from several parts by joining (welding)—machine on lathe,g) assembling the crucible from several parts by joining (welding),h) deep drawing—machine on lathe,i) deep drawing,j) spin forming—machine on lathe,k) spin forming, orl) a modification of any of the above a)-k) operations.3. The non-monolithic crucible according to claim 1 , which is made from molybdenum and/or tungsten.4. The non-monolithic crucible according to claim 2 , which is made from molybdenum and/or tungsten.5. The non-monolithic crucible according to claim 1 , wherein the top part is a recycled top part.6. The non-monolithic crucible according to claim 1 , wherein the joint comprises an anti-sticking material to prevent the joining of top and bottom crucibles by sintering during the use of the non-monolithic crucible.7. The non-monolithic crucible of claim 6 , wherein the anti-sticking material comprises zirconia or tungsten claim 6 , and wherein the non-monolithic crucible is made from molybdenum.8. The non-monolithic crucible of claim 6 , wherein the ...

Roof for electric furnace

Disclosed herein is a roof for an electric furnace. The roof includes: a small-ceiling seating port ( 120 ) which has a small-ceiling seating surface ( 122 ) and a small-ceiling support surface ( 124 ) that extends from the small-ceiling seating surface inwards and downwards; and a large ceiling ( 130 ) which has an upper roof panel ( 132 ) that radially extends from the small-ceiling seating port at a downward inclination angle, a lower roof panel ( 134 ) disposed below the upper roof panel at a position spaced apart from the upper roof panel, and a side roof panel ( 136 ) connected to the upper roof panel and the lower roof panel. The upper roof panel is connected to the outer circumferential surface of the small-ceiling seating port, and the lower roof panel is connected to a lower end of the small-ceiling support surface so that the inclination angle of the lower roof panel can be increased.

APPARATUS FOR DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF SILICON INCLUDING A REFRACTORY MATERIAL

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for purifying silicon using directional solidification. The apparatus can be used more than once for the directional solidification of silicon without failure. The apparatus and method of the present invention can be used to make silicon crystals for use in solar cells. 1. (canceled)2. An apparatus for directional solidification of silicon , comprising:a directional solidification mold having one or more side walls and a bottom portion, the one or more side walls including a first material, and the bottom portion including a second material different from the first material;an outer jacket; andan insulating layer disposed at least partially between the directional solidification mold and the outer jacket, the insulating layer in contact with at least a portion of the directional solidification mold, at least a portion of an inner side surface of the outer jacket, and at least a portion of an inner bottom surface of the outer jacket, and wherein the bottom portion of the direction solidification mold is in contact with the inner bottom surface of the outer jacket.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the insulating layer is not disposed between the bottom portion of the directional solidification mold and the inner bottom surface of the outer jacket.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first material includes a hot face refractory.5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first material includes aluminum oxide.6. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second material includes a conducting refractory.7. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second material includes at least one of silicon carbide claim 2 , graphite claim 2 , copper claim 2 , steel claim 2 , stainless steel claim 2 , and cast iron.8. The apparatus of claim 2 , comprising a top layer in contact with at least a portion of a top surface of the directional solidification mold claim 2 , the top layer including a slip-plane refractory.9. The ...

CRUCIBLE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SINGLE CRYSTAL

A crucible has a bottom and a cylindrical side surface. In the crucible, a source material is sublimated to grow a single crystal. The crucible includes a third region configured to receive a source material, a second region extending from the third region in a direction away from the bottom, and a first region extending from the second region in a direction away from the bottom. The crucible includes a first wall and a second wall inside the side surface. The first wall surrounds the first region, the second wall surrounds the second region. The crucible includes a first chamber between the first wall and the side surface and a second chamber between the second wall and the side surface. The distance between horizontal opposite portions on the first wall is constant or increases as the horizontal opposite portions approach the bottom. 1. A crucible for sublimating a source material to grow a single crystal , comprising:a bottom; anda cylindrical side surface,wherein the crucible includes a third region configured to receive the source materiala second region extending from the third region in a direction away from the bottom, anda first region extending from the second region in a direction away from the bottom,the crucible includes a first wall and a second wall inside the side surface, the first wall surrounding the first region, the second wall surrounding the second region,the crucible includes a first chamber between the first wall and the side surface and a second chamber between the second wall and the side surface,a distance between horizontal opposite portions on the first wall is constant or increases as the horizontal opposite portions approach the bottom, and a distance between horizontal opposite portions on the second wall increases as the horizontal opposite portions approach the bottom,an inclination angle α of the first wall with respect to a direction perpendicular to the bottom is smaller than an inclination angle β of the second wall with ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT

High alumina cement is produced in a submerged combustion melter, cooled and ground. 1. Process for the preparation of high alumina cement comprising:introducing a solid batch material for preparation of high alumina cement into a melter;melting the solid batch material in the melter by submerged combustion to form a liquid melt;withdrawing at least a portion of the liquid melt from the melter;cooling said discharged liquid melt to obtain solidified melt; andgrinding the solidified melt to appropriate grain size.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the melting chamber walls are cooled claim 1 , for example comprising double steel walls separated by circulating cooling liquid claim 1 , preferably water claim 1 , and are not covered by a refractory lining.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein heat is recovered from the hot fumes and/or from the cooling liquid.4. The process of wherein heat is recovered from the hot fumes to preheat the raw materials.5. The process of wherein part at least of the melt is withdrawn continuously or batchwise from the melter.6. The process of wherein the submerged burners of the melter are controlled such that the melt volume is increased by at least 8% claim 1 , preferably at least 10% claim 1 , more preferably at least 15% or 20% claim 1 , compared to the volume the melt would have with no burners firing.7. The process wherein the submerged combustion is performed such that a substantially toroidal melt flow pattern is generated in the melt claim 1 , having a substantially vertical central axis of revolution claim 1 , comprising major centrally inwardly convergent flows at the melt surface; the melt moves downwardly at proximity of the vertical central axis of revolution and is recirculated in an ascending movement back to the melt surface claim 1 , thus defining an substantially toroidal flow pattern.8. The process of wherein the melting step comprises melting the solid batch material claim 1 , in a submerged combustion melter by ...

Basalt Processing Via Electric Induction Heating and Melting

An electric induction system and method is provided for induction heating and melting of basalt charge for the production of molten process basalt that can be used for molten basalt processes that produce basalt articles of manufacture including cast basalt articles and continuous basalt casting processes for producing basalt articles such as fibers and filaments. 1. An electric induction system for melting and heating a basalt charge to supply molten process basalt to manufacture basalt articles , the electric induction system comprising:a high temperature cold crucible induction furnace having a high temperature cold crucible induction coil surrounding the exterior height of the high temperature cold crucible induction furnace, the high temperature cold crucible induction coil supplied with a first alternating current power from a first alternating current power source, the high temperature cold crucible induction furnace having a furnace pour lip assembly;a cold crucible induction furnace charging system for supplying the basalt charge to the high temperature cold crucible induction furnace to inductively melt the basalt charge in the high temperature cold crucible induction furnace to produce a heated molten basalt in the high temperature cold crucible induction furnace; anda molten process basalt cold crucible induction furnace for receiving the heated molten basalt from the high temperature cold crucible induction furnace by the furnace pour lip assembly and supplying the heated molten basalt for a molten basalt manufacturing process at a molten process basalt temperature, the molten process basalt cold crucible induction furnace having a molten process basalt cold crucible induction coil surrounding the exterior height of the molten basalt process cold crucible induction furnace, the molten process basalt cold crucible induction coil supplied with a second alternating current power from a second alternating current power source.2. The electric induction ...

METHOD OF PROCESSING MOLTEN METALS AND ALLOYS

A technological method of treatment of two or more materials forming a melt is disclosed. The melt may be subjected to turbulence under simultaneous combined action of resonance and hydraulic impact. Turbulence occurs when parameters of compelled vibration equalize with natural oscillations of the melt which is a function of geometric parameters of the crucible, the rheological, physical and mechanical characteristic of the two or more materials. An application of a low frequency mechanical vibration with an amplitude between 0.5-2.5 mm, frequency between 30-300 Hz, and acceleration between 15-50 G (Gravitational acceleration) may be performed on a hermetically sealed cylindrical crucible, vertically installed on a vibration unit. The heat for melting may be generated by a furnace (e.g., induction heater) installed around vibrating crucible. Various combinations of materials, batch and continuous processes are possible. 1. A molten metal processing machine for mixing two or more materials , the machine comprising:a crucible defining an interior circular surface and opposed flat inner surfaces which defines an interior space for holding the two or more materials to be mixed, the opposed flat inner surfaces being parallel to each other, the length of the crucible defining a longitudinal axis which is perpendicular to the opposed flat inner surfaces;a vibration unit attached to the crucible and operative to vibrate the crucible until resonance is reached with the two or more materials so that the two or more materials held in the interior space of the crucible experiences a turbulence phenomenon, the vibration unit defining a single vibration direction which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crucible;a heater attached or adjacent to the crucible for maintaining the two or more materials held in the interior space in the molten state while the vibration unit vibrates the crucible.2. The machine of wherein the vibration direction is vertical.3. The machine of ...

Apparatus for Containment of Molten Aluminum Using Non-Wetting Materials

An apparatus for containment of a molten substance using non-wetting materials comprising a crucible, and a layer of a non-wetting material deposited onto the crucible, wherein said layer of non-wetting material is deposited near the rim of the crucible and wherein the non-wetting material is deposited onto the crucible by one selected from the group consisting of RF magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, thermal spray, thermal evaporation, dip coating of precursors followed by thermal treatment, and spray coating of precursors followed by thermal treatment. 1. An apparatus for containment of a molten substance using non-wetting materials comprising:a crucible;a layer of a non-wetting material deposited onto the crucible;wherein said layer of non-wetting material is deposited near the rim of the crucible;wherein the non-wetting material is deposited onto the crucible by one selected from the group consisting of RF magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, thermal spray, thermal evaporation, dip coating of precursors followed by thermal treatment, and spray coating of precursors followed by thermal treatment; andwherein the crucible has an estimated non-wetting material film thickness of 500-1000 nm.2. The apparatus for containment of a molten substance using non-wetting materials of{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '3, 'wherein the layer of non-wetting material is one selected from the group consisting of MgAlO, oxides, AlO, nitrides, AlN, BN, carbides, and SiC.'}3. An apparatus for containment of a molten substance using non-wetting materials comprising:a crucible;a layer of a non-wetting material deposited onto the crucible;wherein said layer of non-wetting material is deposited near the rim of the crucible; and{'sup': '2', 'wherein the step of depositing the non-wetting material onto the crucible was via RF magnetron sputtering and wherein the RF magnetron sputtering was at an energy density of ˜9 W/cmand a pressure of 1-10 mT and wherein the crucible was ...

Mobile Kiln System

An example mobile kiln system includes a mobile platform. A frame is mounted to the mobile platform. At least one kiln is rotatably mounted to the frame. The kiln is movable between a first operational position for loading a feed material into the at least one kiln, and a second operational position for unloading a biochar product from the at least one kiln following processing of the feed material. In an example, the mobile kiln system includes at least one stack assembly for the kiln. The stack assembly has a lid to cover the kiln to retain heat and a chimney to release emissions from the kiln during processing of the feed material. 1. A mobile kiln system , comprising:a mobile platform;a frame mounted to the mobile platform; andat least one kiln rotatably mounted to the frame, the at least one kiln movable between a first operational position for loading a feed material into the at least one kiln, and a second operational position for unloading a biochar product from the at least one kiln following processing of the feed material.2. The mobile kiln system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one stack assembly for the at least one kiln claim 1 , the at least one stack assembly having a lid to cover the kiln to retain heat and a chimney to release emissions from the kiln during processing of the feed material.3. The mobile kiln system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one stack assembly is positionable on the at least one kiln in an operating configuration and a transport configuration claim 2 , wherein the chimney moves about 180 degrees between the operating configuration and the transport configuration.4. The mobile kiln system of claim 1 , further comprising a dedicated stack assembly for each of a plurality of kilns mounted to the frame.5. The mobile kiln system of claim 1 , further comprising a single stack assembly provided on a guide track to move between a plurality of kilns mounted to the frame.6. The mobile kiln system of claim 5 , wherein the guide ...

Thermoplastic kettle auxiliary single-pass oil bath heat exchanger system

An auxiliary single-pass tube bundle heat exchanger for improving the melting efficiency of melter kettles used to melt thermoplastic pavement marking materials. The auxiliary single-pass tube bundle heat exchanger includes a heat transfer tube bundle having a plurality of heat transfer tubes in which the flow of molten thermoplastic material reverses directions at least once. Hot heat transfer oils flows around the plurality of heat transfer tubes. Vertical material transfer tubes connect between the bottom of the melter kettle and the top of the auxiliary single-pass tube bundle heat exchanger and between the bottom of the auxiliary single-pass tube bundle heat exchanger and the top of the melter kettle. Augers within the vertical material transfer tubes driven by reversible drive motors cause molten thermoplastic material to flow from the bottom of the melter kettle, through the auxiliary single-pass tube bundle heat exchanger, and into the top of the melter kettle.

GRAPHITE CRUCIBLE

There is provided a graphite crucible including a bottom part, a body part, a treatment part including an input port, and a gas discharge part that is closed at a lower end side and is opened at an upper end side of the body part. Since graphite is porous, at the time when graphite is eluted into an object to be treated or is consumed, a gas in the pores of a graphite crucible is released as air bubbles continuously into the molten object to be treated. Therefore, gasification of a gas dissolved inside the object to be treated can be enhanced, and bumping of the object to be treated can be prevented. 1. A graphite crucible comprising:a bottom part;a body part;a treatment part including an input port; anda gas discharge part that is closed at a lower end side and is opened at an upper end side of the body part.2. The graphite crucible according to claim 1 ,wherein the gas discharge part is formed in a groove shape.3. The graphite crucible according to claim 1 ,wherein a thickness of the bottom part is thicker than a minimum value of a distance between a periphery of the gas discharge part and an inner periphery of the crucible.4. The graphite crucible according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '3', 'wherein the graphite crucible has a bulk density ranging from 1,700 to 1,850 kg/m.'}5. The graphite crucible according to claim 1 ,wherein the graphite crucible has an impurity content of 1.0% by mass or less.6. The graphite crucible according to claim 5 ,wherein the graphite crucible has an impurity content of 0.1% by mass or less.7. The graphite crucible according to claim 6 ,wherein the graphite crucible is used for melting an object to be treated selected from an iron-based object, a silicone-based object, a nickel-based object, or a titanium-based object, and a mixture thereof8. A method for producing a solidified body of an object to be treated using the graphite crucible according to . The present invention relates to a graphite crucible, and more particularly to a graphite ...

CRUCIBLE AND EXTRINSIC FACECOAT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MELTING TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALUMINIDE ALLOYS

Crucible compositions and methods of using the crucible compositions to melt titanium and titanium alloys. More specifically, crucible compositions having extrinsic facecoats comprising a rare earth oxide that are effective for melting titanium and titanium alloys for use in casting titanium-containing articles. Further embodiments are titanium-containing articles made from the titanium and titanium alloys melted in the crucible compositions. Another embodiment is a crucible curing device and methods of use thereof. 1. A crucible for melting titanium and titanium alloys , said crucible comprising:an extrinsic facecoat having at least one extrinsic facecoat layer comprising a rare earth oxide;a bulk disposed behind the extrinsic facecoat and comprising a calcium aluminate cement; anda cavity for melting titanium and titanium alloys therein, said cavity being defined by the exposed surface of the extrinsic facecoat.2. The crucible as recited in claim 1 , wherein the extrinsic facecoat and the bulk have a combined thickness that is substantially uniform in that it does not vary by more than 30 percent throughout the crucible.3. The crucible as recited in claim 1 , wherein the extrinsic facecoat has a thickness of about 10 microns to about 4 claim 1 ,000 microns.4. The crucible as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one extrinsic facecoat layer comprises about 1% to about 100% by weight of the rare earth oxide.5. The crucible as recited in claim 1 , wherein the rare earth oxide is selected from the group consisting of yttrium oxide claim 1 , dysprosium oxide claim 1 , terbium oxide claim 1 , erbium oxide claim 1 , thulium oxide claim 1 , ytterbium oxide claim 1 , lutetium oxide claim 1 , gadolinium oxide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.6. The crucible as recited in claim 1 , wherein the rare earth oxide is in the form of a composition selected from the group consisting of a rare earth oxide-alumina garnet claim 1 , a rare earth oxide-alumina perovskite claim 1 , a ...

POWDER COMPOSITION FOR TIN OXIDE MONOLITHIC REFRACTORY, METHOD FOR PRODUCING TIN OXIDE MONOLITHIC REFRACTORY, GLASS MELTING FURNACE AND WASTE MELTING FURNACE

To provide a powder composition to obtain a tin oxide monolithic refractory which prevents volatilization of SnOin a high temperature zone from an early stage and which also has high erosion resistance to slag. 1. A powder composition for tin oxide monolithic refractory comprising a refractory mixture containing SnO , ZrOand SiOas essential components , wherein the total content of SnO , ZrOand SiOin the refractory mixture is at least 70 mass % , and , based on the total content of SnO , ZrOand SiO , the content of SnOis from 55 to 98 mol % , the content of ZrOis from 1 to 30 mol % and the content of SiOis from 1 to 15 mol %.2. The powder composition for tin oxide monolithic refractory according to claim 1 , wherein the total content of SnO claim 1 , ZrOand SiOin the refractory mixture is at least 95 mass %.3. The powder composition for tin oxide monolithic refractory according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , based on the total content of SnO claim 1 , ZrOand SiO claim 1 , the content of SnOis from 70 to 98 mol % claim 1 , the content of ZrOis from 1 to 20 mol % and the content of SiOis from 1 to 10 mol %.4. The powder composition for tin oxide monolithic refractory according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , based on the total content of SnO claim 3 , ZrOand SiO claim 3 , the content of SnOis from 83 to 98 mol % claim 3 , the content of ZrOis from 1 to 12 mol % and the content of SiOis from 1 to 5 mol %.5. The powder composition for tin oxide monolithic refractory according to claim 1 , which contains in the refractory mixture from 1 to 10 mass % of a fine powder inclusive of a finer powder claim 1 , containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of tin oxide particles claim 1 , zircon particles and solid-solution particles of tin oxide and zirconia claim 1 , of at most 10 μm.6. The powder composition for tin oxide monolithic refractory according to claim 1 , which contains in the refractory mixture from 1 to 10 mass % of a finer powder containing at ...

Manufacturing a Crucible for Containment Using Non-Wetting Materials

A method of containing molten aluminum using non-wetting materials comprising depositing MgAlO, or one selected from an oxide, AlO, nitride, AlN, BN, carbide, and SiC, onto a crucible. An apparatus for containment of molten aluminum using non-wetting materials comprising a layer of MgAlO, or one selected from an oxide, AlO, nitride, AlN, BN, carbide, and SiC, deposited onto a crucible. 1. A method of manufacturing a crucible comprising:masking off a crucible using a mask to confine any deposition to the rim of the crucible;depositing a non-wetting material onto the crucible; androtating the crucible during deposition;{'sup': '2', 'wherein the step of depositing the non-wetting material onto the crucible was via RF magnetron sputtering and wherein the RF magnetron sputtering was at an energy density of ˜9 W/cmand a pressure of 1-10 mT and wherein the crucible was held at room temperature for an estimated non-wetting material film thickness of at least 500 nm.'}2. The method of manufacturing a crucible of further comprising the steps of;removing the mask from the crucible; andcleaning the crucible using solvents.3. The method of manufacturing a crucible of wherein the step of rotating the crucible during deposition was at ˜10 rpm during deposition.4. The method of manufacturing a crucible of wherein the non-wetting material is one selected from the group consisting of MgAlO claim 1 , oxides claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , nitrides claim 1 , AlN claim 1 , BN claim 1 , carbides claim 1 , and SiC.5. An apparatus for containment of a molten substance using non-wetting materials comprising:a crucible;a layer of a non-wetting material deposited onto the crucible;wherein said layer of non-wetting material is deposited near the rim of the crucible;wherein the non-wetting material is deposited onto the crucible by one selected from the group consisting of RF magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, thermal spray, thermal evaporation, dip coating of precursors followed by ...

QUARTZ GLASS CRUCIBLE, MANUFACTURING METHOD OF SILICON SINGLE CRYSTAL USING THE SAME, AND INFRARED TRANSMISSIVITY MEASUREMENT METHOD AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF QUARTZ GLASS CRUCIBLE

A quartz glass crucible having a cylindrical side wall portion , a bottom portion , and a corner portion includes a transparent layer as an innermost layer made of quartz glass, a semi-molten layer as an outermost layer made of raw material silica powder solidified in a semi-molten state, and a bubble layer made of quartz glass interposed therebetween. An infrared transmissivity of the corner portion in a state where the semi-molten layer is removed is 25 to 51%, the infrared transmissivity of the corner portion in the state where the semi-molten layer is removed is lower than an infrared transmissivity of the side wall portion , and the infrared transmissivity of the side wall portion in the state where the semi-molten layer is removed is lower than an infrared transmissivity of the bottom portion 1. A quartz glass crucible comprising:a cylindrical side wall portion;a bottom portion;a corner portion connecting the side wall portion and the bottom portion to each other;a transparent layer made of quartz glass that does not contain bubbles;a bubble layer formed outside the transparent layer and made of quartz glass containing a large number of bubbles; anda semi-molten layer formed outside the bubble layer and made of raw material silica powder solidified in a semi-molten state,wherein an infrared transmissivity of the corner portion in a state where the semi-molten layer is removed is 25 to 51%,the infrared transmissivity of the corner portion in the state where the semi-molten layer is removed is lower than an infrared transmissivity of the side wall portion in a state where the semi-molten layer is removed, andthe infrared transmissivity of the corner portion in the state where the semi-molten layer is removed is lower than an infrared transmissivity of the bottom portion in a state where the semi-molten layer is removed.2. The quartz glass crucible according to claim 1 ,wherein the infrared transmissivity of the side wall portion in the state where the semi- ...

COMPONENT MADE OF A FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIAL CONTAINING WOUND LAYERS AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE COMPONENT

A component made of a fiber composite material contains at least three wound layers made of a fiber material that are arranged one over the other. Each of the wound layers contains one or more windings. For each wound layer containing more than one winding, all windings of the wound layer have the same winding angle and are separated from each other in some sections, whereby intermediate spaces are formed between the windings. All windings of at least two of the wound layers have the same first winding angle. All of the windings of one wound layer, which is arranged between the two wound layers having the windings with a same first winding angle, have a second winding angle. The magnitudes of the first and second winding angles differ, and the windings having the second winding angle intersect with the windings having the first winding angle. 1. A component made of a fiber composite material , comprising:at least three wound layers made of a fiber material being disposed one over the other, each of said wound layers having at least one winding, wherein for each of said wound layers having windings all of said windings of said wound layer having a same winding angle and are separated from each other at least in some sections to form intermediate spaces between said windings, all of said windings of at least two of said wound layers have a same first winding angle and all of said windings of at least one of said wound layers, disposed between said at least two wound layers having said windings with said same first winding angle, have a second winding angle, wherein a magnitude of said second winding angle is different from a magnitude of said first winding angle, and wherein at least one of said windings having said second winding angle intersects with at least one of said windings having said first winding angle.2. The component according to claim 1 , wherein a complete winding formed from all said wound layers disposed one above the other is free from said ...

QUARTZ POURING & CASTING SYSTEM FOR NON-WETTING AMORPHOUS ALLOYS

Described herein is a crucible with a rod fused thereon to optimize pouring of molten material, and method of using the same. The crucible has a body configured for receipt of an amorphous alloy material in a vertical direction, and the rod extends in a horizontal direction from the body. The body of the crucible and the rod are formed from silica or quartz. The rod may be fused to the body of the crucible and provided off a center axis so that pouring molten material is improved when the crucible is rotated. 1. A crucible comprising a rod attached thereto , the crucible comprising a body configured for receipt of an amorphous alloy material in a vertical direction , and the rod extending in a horizontal direction from the body , wherein the body of the crucible and the rod are formed from silica or quartz.2. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein the rod is attached to a bottom of the body of the crucible.3. The crucible of claim 2 , wherein the rod is fused to the bottom of the crucible.4. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein the rod is attached to a vertical side wall of the body of the crucible.5. The crucible of claim 4 , wherein the rod is fused to the side wall of the crucible.6. The crucible of claim 2 , wherein an attachment portion of the rod is displaced from a centerline through the body.7. The crucible of claim 4 , wherein an attachment portion of the rod is displaced from a centerline through the body.8. A method comprising:providing an amorphous alloy material for melting in a container; andheating the amorphous alloy material for melting in the container using a heat source to a temperature above a melting temperature of the amorphous alloy material,wherein the container comprises silica and wherein the amorphous alloy material for melting does not wet or dissolve the container substantially during the method of melting.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the container comprises fused silica claim 8 , quartz claim 8 , fused quartz claim 8 , clear fused quartz ...

Powder Feeder System And Method For Recycling Metal Powder

A powder feeder system for a foundry system having a mixing hearth includes a housing assembly, and a feeder assembly in the housing assembly having a moveable barrel feeder for feeding a pre-weighed charge of metal powder into the mixing hearth of the foundry system during operation thereof. A method for recycling metal powder includes the steps of melting a content of the mixing hearth completely; and then feeding the metal powder into the mixing hearth while the contents of the mixing hearth are still molten using the powder feeder system.

COLD CRUCIBLE

A cold crucible usable in the field of high-temperature production of monocrystalline materials. The cold crucible includes: a cold cage which has sectors made of a material having good electrical conductivity and in which a charge is melted, and a cooling device with heat transfer fluid, configured to cool each segment of the cold cage from the inside. The cold crucible is essentially such that it further includes at least one device for generating a static magnetic field, each generating device being housed inside one of the sectors of the cold crucible. Each static magnetic field thus generated having the effect of slowing down the electromagnetic stirring of the molten charge, such that it is possible to produce monocrystalline ingots of significantly larger diameter than the diameter of the seed initiating their growth.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT

High alumina cement is produced in a submerged combustion melter, cooled and ground. 1. Process for the preparation of high alumina cement comprising:introducing a solid batch material for preparation of high alumina cement into a melter;melting the solid batch material in the melter by submerged combustion to form a liquid melt;withdrawing at least a portion of the liquid melt from the melter;cooling said discharged liquid melt to obtain solidified melt; andgrinding the solidified melt to appropriate grain size.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the melting chamber walls are cooled comprising double steel walls separated by circulating cooling liquid claim 1 , and are not covered by a refractory lining.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein heat is recovered from the hot fumes and/or from the cooling liquid.4. The process of wherein heat is recovered from the hot fumes to preheat the raw materials.5. The process of wherein part at least of the melt is withdrawn continuously or batchwise from the melter.6. The process of wherein the submerged burners of the melter are controlled such that the melt volume is increased by at least 8% compared to the volume the melt would have with no burners firing.7. The process of wherein the submerged combustion is performed such that a substantially toroidal melt flow pattern is generated in the melt claim 1 , having a substantially vertical central axis of revolution claim 1 , comprising major centrally inwardly convergent flows at the melt surface; the melt moves downwardly at proximity of the vertical central axis of revolution and is recirculated in an ascending movement back to the melt surface claim 1 , thus defining an substantially toroidal flow pattern.8. The process of any of wherein the melting step comprises melting the solid batch material claim 1 , in a submerged combustion melter by subjecting the melt to a flow pattern which when simulated by computational fluid dynamic analysis shows a substantially toroidal melt ...

CAMPFIRE CRUCIBLE AND METHOD OF USE

A crucible assembly is suited for use melting aluminum cans at a campfire or similar fire. The crucible assembly may include a handle design that facilitates safe and easy handling of the crucible after it has been heated and contains melted aluminum. The crucible assembly may also include a portion having a convex surface that maintains contact with the ground during rotation of the crucible, thereby providing support and stability to the crucible as melted aluminum is poured therefrom. 1. An apparatus comprising:a crucible;a shaft operatively connected to the crucible; anda handle operatively connected to the shaft;wherein the handle includes a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion;wherein each of the second and third portions defines a respective first end, a respective second end, and a respective concave surface; andwherein the first and second ends of the second and third portions are mounted with respect to the shaft such that the concave surfaces of the second and third portions cooperate with the first portion to define open spaces.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second and third portions form an angle therebetween claim 1 , said angle being between 110 degrees and 170 degrees.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the angle is between 130 degrees and 150 degrees.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second and third portions extend below the first portion.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first portion includes a member and the shaft extends through the member.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the second and third portions are bent rods.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the crucible defines a generally planar base; andwherein the apparatus further comprises a support member operatively connected to the crucible and defining a convex surface that is substantially adjacent to or contiguous with the planar base.8. An apparatus comprising:a crucible defining a chamber, and an outer surface including a substantially ...

CRUCIBLE INDUCTION FURNACE AND METHOD OF CHECKING STATUS THEREOF

The functional condition of an induction crucible furnace is checked by first establishing a set-point parameter corresponding to an optimum functional condition of the induction crucible furnace and characterizing the vibratory behavior of same. Then, during normal operation of the furnace, an actual-value parameter of the vibratory behavior is determined. These two parameters are then compared and, if a magnitude of a difference therebetween exceeds a threshold, an alarm is generated. 1. A method of checking the functional condition of an induction crucible furnace , the method comprising the following steps:establishing a set-point parameter corresponding to an optimum functional condition of the induction crucible furnace and characterizing vibratory behavior thereof;determining an actual-value vibratory-behavior parameter in operation of the induction crucible furnace; andcomparing the parameters, determining any difference therebetween, and deriving the functional condition of the furnace from a magnitude of the difference.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the set-point parameter is determined in a new condition of the induction crucible furnace under nominal conditions with regard to maintenance and operation.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the set-point parameter is provided and is measured during operation of the induction crucible furnace.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:generating an alarm signal or other message if the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:using as the point parameter a range characterizing the vibratory behavior.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the actual-value parameter is determined by a sound-level measurement and is compared with a corresponding set-point sound level value.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the actual-value parameter is determined by measurement of ...

CRUCIBLE OF COATING MACHINE

The present invention provides a crucible of a coating machine The crucible includes a heat conduction device installed inside the crucible. The heat conduction device includes one or multiple radial metal wires or metal strips disposed along a radial direction of the crucible, and one or multiple axial metal wires or metal strips disposed along an axial direction of the crucible. By the heat conduction device formed by metal wires or metal strips, it can achieve a better heat conduction such that the heating temperature of the organic material placed in the crucible is uniform to achieve the steady state of thermal equilibrium. And the crucible can fill more material, increase evaporation rate, decrease the number of refilling the material, and improve production efficiency. 1. A crucible of a coating machine comprising:a heat conduction device installed inside the crucible, and having one or multiple radial metal wires or metal strips disposed along a radial direction of the crucible; andone or multiple axial metal wires or metal strips disposed along an axial direction of the crucible.2. The crucible of a coating machine according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the radial metal wires or metal strips are vertical to or substantially vertical to a main axis of the crucible claim 1 , and the axial metal wires or metal strips are parallel with or substantially parallel with the main axis of the crucible.3. The crucible of a coating machine according to claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , the multiple radial metal wires or metal strips form a planar honeycomb structure by at least two polygons at a radial plane of the crucible.4. The crucible of a coating machine according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , the planar honeycomb structure is disposed as at least two layers along the axial direction of the crucible claim 3 , and the multiple axial metal wires or metal strips are connected with intersections corresponding to each side of the polygons of the two adjacent layers of ...

Thermoplastic extrusion melting kettle

A melting kettle for processing of thermoplastic material. The kettle disclosed herein obtains heat transfer by use of an oil jacketed tank with an adjoining main tank for storage of hot oil and a hose tank for recovery of the hot oil. Oil expelled from the oil jacket is directed to the main tank through an opening. Spillage of oil from the hose tank is directed to the main tank through an aperture. The melting kettle reduces the space needed for oil storage, and increases operator safety by eliminating additional transfer lines. Dual kettles benefit by having the adjoining main tank placed therebetween. 1. A dual melting kettle comprising: a first kettle having a cylindrical bottom with a first continuous sidewall extending upwardly therefrom to a top , said first sidewall encompassed by a first oil jacket formed adjacent thereto for dispersion of hot oil around said first kettle sidewall; a second kettle having a cylindrical bottom with a second continuous sidewall extending upwardly therefrom to a top , said second sidewall encompassed by a second oil jacket formed adjacent thereto for dispersion of hot oil around said second kettle sidewall; an outer wall formed around said first oil jacket of said first kettle and said second oil jacket of said second kettle forming a main tank and a hose tank; and a cover enclosing the tops of said first and second kettle , said main tank and said hose tank; wherein hot oil is introduced into each said first and second oil jacket for heating material placed in said kettles , said hot oil is expelled from said oil jackets into said main tank , whereby oil is drawn from said main tank for reheating through said hose tank.2. The dual melting kettle according to wherein each said oil jacket includes a baffle for even dispersion of hot oil around each said kettle.3. The dual melting kettle according to wherein each said kettle includes a base with baffles allowing controlled circulation of hot oil claim 1 , wherein hot oil ...

Melting kettle

Melting kettles for use on vehicles for continuous processing of material for applying lines, stripes, bitumen, crack sealant or the like. The kettles disclosed herein provide heat transfer by use of oil jacketed tanks. A coil may be placed along a lower section for heat transfer through a burner for heating recirculated oil. A coil may be placed in a lower section and an upper section for heating an oil jacket, as well as heat transfer from the entire circumference of a coil placed in the upper section. An upper coil can be fluidly coupled to a lower coil and positioned within the chamber a spaced apart distance from the interior wall of the melter kettle. A mixer system rotates paddles to cause continuous transfer of material around the upper coil. The melter kettle is cylindrical, but can be corrugated to increase heatable surface area. 1. A melter kettle comprising:a kettle defined by a side wall having a top section separated from a bottom section by a burner wall, said top section including a cover for accessing a chamber formed in said top section;a burner positioned within said bottom section, said burner substantially enclosed by a lower coil;an oil pump recirculating oil from a hot oil tank through said lower coil;an oil jacket fluidly coupled to said oil pump, wherein hot oil from said oil tank is passed through said lower coil and said oil jacket for heating said kettle; anda mixer rotating paddles within said chamber;whereby material in said chamber is heated to a predetermined temperature by heating oil in said lower coil and recirculating the heated oil through said oil jacket.2. The melter kettle according to wherein said lower coil is further defined as multiple tubes having a common inlet placed adjacent to each other with a common outlet.3. The melter kettle according to wherein said multiple tubes for said lower coil consist of three tubes coiled together claim 2 , said tubes constructed and arranged to increase heat transfer by increasing of ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING A METAL OR A MOLTEN METAL ALLOY USING AN ADDITION AGENT

Method and device for treating a metal or a molten metal alloy using an addition agent The invention relates to a method and device for treating a metal or a molten metal alloy using an addition agent, wherein the addition agent () is deposited in a local cavity () arranged at the bottom of a treatment ladle () and surrounded by a small protruding wall (), and a closing member () connected to movement means () is able to form, with the bottom of the treatment ladle, in a low insulating position, a chamber () including said local cavity and comprising an intermediate annular space () around the small wall. Application to the treatment of a molten cast iron using pure magnesium or a magnesium alloy. 1. A process for treating a molten metal or metal alloy using an additive agent , comprising:{'b': 37', '10', '2', '11, 'depositing the additive agent () in at least one local cavity () made in the bottom of a treatment ladle () and delimited by a low annular wall () that protrudes with respect to this bottom,'}{'b': 13', '17', '4', '2', '23', '11', '25', '10, 'lowering down to a bottom position at least one closure member () comprising a closure bell () so that this closure bell surrounds, at a distance, said low wall and so that its frontal edge bears against the bottom () of the treatment ladle (), creating an annular bearing zone () around and at a distance from the low wall () and that is located below the upper edge of the low wall, forming a chamber () that includes said local cavity (),'}{'b': '38', 'at least partially filling the treatment ladle with the molten metal (),'}{'b': '13', 'raising the closure member () so as to bring the molten metal and the additive agent into contact.'}2. An application of the process as claimed in claim 1 , for the treatment of a molten cast iron using pure magnesium or a magnesium alloy.3. An application of the process as claimed in claim 1 , for the treatment of a molten steel using calcium metal claim 1 , a ferrosilicon or a ...

Permeable Bottom Crucible

An improved permeable bottom crucible is provided. The permeable bottom crucible is particularly suitable for degassing molten metal. The permeable bottom crucible comprises a refractory ceramic body comprising walls and an integral bottom wherein the integral bottom has a porous portion. The porous portion has a porosity which is higher than a porosity of the walls. Inductive coils are around the refractory ceramic body. A plug is arranged to disperse gas through the porous portion. 1. A permeable bottom crucible for degassing molten metal comprising:a refractory ceramic body comprising walls and an integral bottom wherein said integral bottom has a porous portion wherein said porous portion has a porosity which is higher than a porosity of said walls;inductive coils around said refractory ceramic body; anda plug arranged to disperse gas through said porous portion.2. The permeable bottom crucible for degassing molten metal of wherein said permeable portion has a permeable portion porosity sufficiently high for said gas to permeate therethrough at a gas pressure and said walls have a dense porosity sufficiently low that said gas does not permeate through said walls at said gas pressure.3. The permeable bottom crucible for degassing molten metal of wherein said gas pressure is 20 psi.4. The permeable bottom crucible for degassing molten metal of wherein said permeable portion porosity is over 13% to no more than 30%.5. The permeable bottom crucible for degassing molten metal of wherein said permeable portion porosity is at least 15%.6. The permeable bottom crucible for degassing molten metal of wherein said permeable portion represents at least a portion of said bottom.7. The permeable bottom crucible for degassing molten metal of further comprising a shell between said refractory ceramic body and said inductive coils.8. A method of forming a permeable bottom crucible comprising;forming a mold wherein said mold has a shape of said permeable bottom crucible;inserting ...

ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE

The present invention relates to an electric arc furnace, containing a furnace shell, an electrode, a furnace shell moving mechanism that supports the furnace shell so as to be movable on an installation surface, and a first insulation that electrically insulates between the furnace shell and the furnace shell moving mechanism. 1. An electric arc furnace , comprising:a furnace shell;an electrode;a furnace shell moving mechanism that supports the furnace shell so as to be movable on an installation surface; anda first insulation that electrically insulates between the furnace shell and the furnace shell moving mechanism.2. The electric arc furnace according to claim 1 , whereinthe furnace shell moving mechanism includes a first part that is fixed with respect to the installation surface and a second part that is fixed to the furnace shell and is movable with respect to the first part, andthe first part is electrically connected to the second part.3. The electric arc furnace according to claim 2 , further comprising:a connecting wire that electrically connects between the first part and the second part of the furnace shell moving mechanism, whereinthe connecting wire has a length capable of following an entire movable range of the second part.4. The electric arc furnace according to claim 1 , whereinthe furnace shell and the furnace shell moving mechanism are independently grounded.5. The electric arc furnace according to claim 1 , further comprising:a furnace roof that covers an opening of the furnace shell;a furnace roof moving mechanism that moves the furnace roof with respect to the furnace shell; anda second insulation that electrically insulates between the furnace roof moving mechanism and the furnace shell.6. The electric arc furnace according to claim 5 , whereinthe furnace shell and the furnace roof moving mechanism are independently grounded. The present invention relates to an electric arc furnace and, in particular, relates to an electric arc furnace in ...

CRUCIBLE MATERIALS

One embodiment provides an article, comprising: an inner container having a cavity, the inner container comprising a ceramic; and an outer container, the outer container comprising a susceptor; wherein at least a portion of an outer surface of the inner container is in contact with an inner surface of the outer container, and wherein the inner container is removable from the mold. Methods of melting using the present article are also provided. 1. An article , comprising:an inner container having a cavity, the inner container comprising a ceramic; andan outer container, the outer container comprising a susceptor;wherein at least a portion of an outer surface of the inner container is in contact with an inner surface of the outer container, andwherein the inner container is removable from the mold.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic comprises at least one element selected from Groups IVA claim 1 , VA claim 1 , and VIA.3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic comprises an oxide claim 1 , nitride claim 1 , oxynitride claim 1 , boride claim 1 , carbide claim 1 , carbonitride claim 1 , silicate claim 1 , titanate claim 1 , silicide claim 1 , or combinations thereof.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic comprise yttria claim 1 , silicon nitride claim 1 , silicon oxynitride claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , boron carbonitride claim 1 , titanium boride claim 1 , zirconium silicate claim 1 , aluminum titanate claim 1 , boron nitride claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , magnesia claim 1 , silica claim 1 , tungsten carbide claim 1 , aluminum oxynitride claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the susceptor comprises graphite claim 1 , a refractory material claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , or combinations thereof.6. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inner container and the outer container comprises a refractory material.7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the outer container is more ...

Creep resistant Ni-based superalloy casting and method of manufacture for advanced high-temparature applications

One or more embodiments relates to a method of casting a creep-resistant Ni-based superalloy and a homogenization heat treatment for the alloy, The method includes forming a feed stock having Nickel (Ni) and at least one of Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Aluminum (Al), Titanium (Ti), Niobium (Nb), Iron (Fe), Carbon (C), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Silicon (Si), Copper (Cu), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S) and Boron (B). The method further includes fabricating the creep-resistant Ni-based superalloy in a predetermined shape using the feed stock and at least one process such as vacuum induction melting (VIM), electroslag remelting (ESR) and/or vacuum arc remelting (VAR). 1. A method of casting a creep-resistant Ni-based superalloy , the method comprising: forming a feed stock comprising Nickel (Ni) and at least one of Chromium (Cr) , Cobalt (Co): Aluminum (Al) , Titanium (Ti) , Niobium (Nb) , Iron (Fe) , Carbon (C) , Manganese (Mn) , Molybdenum (Mo) , Silicon (Si) , Copper (Cu) , Phosphorus (P) , Sulfur (S) and Boron (B);fabricating an as-cast article comprising creep-resistant Ni-based superalloy in a predetermined shape using the feed stock and at least one process comprising vacuum induction melting (VIM), electroslag remelting (ESR) and/or vacuum arc remelting (VAR); andhomogenizing the as-cast article wherein homogenizing the as-cast article comprises a heating sequence of one hour at about 1075° C., three hours at about 1125° C., eight hours at about 1200° C. and eight hours at about 1250° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stock comprises at least Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr).3. The method of wherein fabricating (he creep-resistant Ni-based superalloy comprises:melting the feed stock in a furnace, forming a liquid metal;pouring the liquid metal into a preheated mold, forming a molten metal; andsolidifying the molten metal in the preheated mold, forming the as-cast article.4. The method of wherein homogenizing the as-cast article further comprises ...

Composite material, heat-absorbing component, and method for producing the composite material

In a known composite material with a fused silica matrix there are regions of silicon-containing phase embedded. In order to provide a composite material which is suitable for producing components for use in high-temperature processes for heat treatment even when exacting requirements are imposed on impermeability to gas and on purity, it is proposed in accordance with the invention that the composite material be impervious to gas, have a closed porosity of less than 0.5% and a specific density of at least 2.19 g/cm, and at a temperature of 1000° C. have a spectral emissivity of at least 0.7 for wavelengths between 2 and 8 μm. 1. A composite material comprising:matrix of fused silica in which regions of silicon-containing phase have been embedded,{'sup': '3', 'wherein the composite material is impervious to gas, has a closed porosity of less than 0.5% and a specific density of at least 2.19 g/cm, and, at a temperature of 1000° C., has a spectral emissivity of at least 0.7 for wavelengths between 2 and 8 μm.'}2. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix has pores therein with a maximum pore dimension of less than 10 μm.3. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon-containing phase is present in a weight fraction that is not more than 5%.4. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix consists essentially of fused silica having a hydroxyl group content of not more than 30 ppm by weight.5. The composite material according to claim 1 ,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the silicon-containing phase consists essentially of silicon having a metallic purity of at least 99.99% and wherein the matrix possesses a chemical purity of at least 99.99% SiOand a cristobalite content of not more than 1%.'}6. The composite material according to claim 1 ,wherein the silicon-containing phase exhibits non-spherical morphology with maximum dimensions of on average less than 20 μm.7. A heat-absorbing component claim 1 , comprising:at ...

ARC FURNACE

An arc furnace having a furnace vessel for melting steel, a cover for closing the furnace vessel and a pivot unit by means of which the cover can be moved away from the furnace vessel in which the furnace vessel is mounted so as to be movable in the vertical direction relative to the pivot unit, and the pivot unit has a holder for releasably fixing the cover in the vertical direction. 1. An arc furnace comprising:a furnace vessel for melting steel, a cover for closing the furnace vessel, and a swivel unit by means of which the cover can be moved away from the furnace vessel, wherein:a) the furnace vessel is mounted to be movable in a vertical direction relative to the swivel unit, andb) the swivel unit has a holder for releasably fixing the cover in a vertical direction.2. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the furnace vessel is mounted in a cradle configured to move in a vertical direction.3. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising hydraulic cylinders at the cradle located and configured for moving the cradle.4. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising a plurality of the hydraulic cylinders which are activated separately.5. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising struts arranged on the cradle and supporting the cover when the cover is operated to close the furnace vessel.6. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cover is supported to be movable away from the furnace vessel by the swivel unit claim 1 , employing a rotational movement about an axis which extends in a vertical direction.7. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising struts arranged on the cradle and supporting the cover when the cover is operated to close the furnace vessel.8. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 4 , further comprising struts arranged on the cradle and supporting the cover when the cover is operated to close the furnace vessel.9. The arc furnace as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the cover is ...

Synthesis method for producing a calcium zirconate-containing material and batch and coarse ceramic refractory product having a pre-synthesized calcium zirconate-containing granular material

A synthesis method for producing a refractory oxide-ceramic material of CaZrO3, in particular in the form of a refractory granular material that is preferably mechanically comminuted, in particular crushed and/or ground, as well as to a batch and a coarse ceramic, shaped or unshaped, refractory product containing at least one pre-synthesized refractory calcium zirconate-containing granular material.

INORGANIC MATERIALS, METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING SAME, AND USES THEREOF

PVD and HPHT methods and apparatus for producing materials, for example nitrides, are disclosed. 1. An ion beam generator comprising:a) a first chamber housing one or more vapour generators capable of forming a vapour from one or more condensed phase sources of material; 'one or more cathodes having one or more open-ended channels extending therethrough, the channels comprising one or more channel walls and having a length extending from one end of the channel to another end of the channel to define one or more spaces', 'b) a second chamber adjacent the first chamber housing one or more plasma generators comprising'}and capable of forming plasma within said one or more spaces;c) one or more apertures between the first and second chambers arranged to permit vapour generated in the first chamber to enter the second chamberthe one or more vapour generators and one or more plasma generators being arranged whereby in operation, vapour generated by the one or more vapour generators may traverse the one or more spaces through plasma formed by the one or more plasma generators.2. An ion beam generator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the vapour generator is capable of evaporative formation of a vapour from one or more condensed phase sources of material.3. An ion beam generator as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the vapour generator comprises at least one electron beam generator claim 2 , operable to direct an electron beam at the one or more condensed phase sources of material.4. An ion beam generator as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the at least one electron beam generator is operable to magnetically bend electrons from the electron beam generator to the one or more condensed phase sources of material.5. An ion beam generator of claim 1 , wherein the plasma generator further comprises one or more housings spaced from and electrically insulated from the one or more cathodes.6. An ion beam generator of claim 1 , wherein the plasma generator further comprises a source for a ...

DROSS PROCESSING SYSTEM

A dross processing system crucible comprising a substantially vertical inner wall having an upper end, a lower end, an outer surface, and an inner surface, a bottom having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface affixed to the lower end of the inner wall. A blockable port is disposed in the bottom, and a thermal insulating material covers the outer surface of the vertical inner wall and the lower surface of the bottom. An outer vessel is affixed to the upper end of the substantially vertical inner wall, and the thermal insulating material is disposed between the outer surface of the inner wall and the outer vessel. 1. A dross processing system crucible comprising:a. a substantially vertical inner wall having an upper end, a lower end, an outer surface, and an inner surface,b. a bottom having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface affixed to the lower end of the inner wall,c. a blockable port disposed in the bottom,d. a thermal insulating material covering the outer surface of the vertical inner wall and the lower surface of the bottom, ande. an outer vessel affixed to the upper end of the substantially vertical inner wall, wherein the thermal insulating material is disposed between the outer surface of the inner wall and the outer vessel.2. The crucible of claim 1 , further comprising a protective coating on the inside surface of the inner wall and on the upper surface of the bottom.3. The crucible of claim 2 , whereas exposure to molten metal causes the coating to become an aerated insulating coating.4. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein the inner wall is stainless steel having a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.25 inches and the bottom is stainless steel having a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.4 inches.5. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein the inner wall is stainless steel having a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.15 inches and the bottom is stainless steel having a thickness of between 0.2 and 0.3 inches.6. The crucible of claim 1 , ...

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METAL

Apparatus for the production of metal including a furnace for melting metal provided with a crucible inside which a metal charge is melted. The furnace provides for tapping a liquid metal disposed on the bottom of the crucible and includes a tapping channel for the transfer of the liquid metal from the furnace. The apparatus also includes a delivery unit for delivering inert material (S) having a delivery device for the selective delivery of the inert material (S) into the tapping channel. 1. An apparatus for the production of metal comprising:a furnace for melting metal provided with a crucible inside which a metal charge is melted, and with a covering panel disposed on the upper part, said furnace being provided with means for tapping a liquid metal disposed on the bottom of said crucible and comprising a tapping channel for the transfer of said liquid metal from the furnace,a unit for delivering inert material (S) comprising a delivery device for the selective delivery of the inert material (S) into said tapping channel,a hatch unit disposed on said covering panel and configured to allow access to the inside of said crucible for the delivery of said inert material (S), wherein said delivery unit comprises support means configured to rotatably support said delivery device in order to take it from an operative condition, in which it faces toward said furnace and is aligned with said hatch unit, to a stand-by or parked condition in which it is disposed outside the bulk of the furnace, and vice versa.2. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein said support means comprise a pedestal claim 1 , stably attached to an installation surface outside said furnace claim 1 , and a mobile base stably attached to said pedestal and configured to take said delivery device from said operative condition to said stand-by or parked condition and vice versa.3. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the hatch unit comprises a support plate claim 1 , stably associated with the covering panel ...

CRUCIBLE AND EXTRINSIC FACECOAT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MELTING TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALUMINIDE ALLOYS

Crucible compositions and methods of using the crucible compositions to melt titanium and titanium alloys. More specifically, crucible compositions having extrinsic facecoats comprising a rare earth oxide that are effective for melting titanium and titanium alloys for use in casting titanium-containing articles. Further embodiments are titanium-containing articles made from the titanium and titanium alloys melted in the crucible compositions. Another embodiment is a crucible curing device and methods of use thereof. 1. A method for forming a crucible for melting titanium and titanium alloys useful in making a titanium-containing article , said method comprising:combining calcium aluminate with a liquid to produce a first slurry, wherein the percentage of solids in the first slurry is within the range of about 60% to about 80% and the viscosity of the first slurry is within the range of about 50 centipoise to about 150 centipoise;adding large-scale oxide particles greater than 50 microns in size into the first slurry to form a second slurry, wherein the percentage of solids in the second slurry is within the range of about 65% to about 90%;introducing the second slurry into a crucible mold cavity with a removable crucible cavity pattern inserted into the crucible mold cavity; andallowing the second slurry to cure in the crucible mold cavity and around the removable crucible cavity pattern to form a crucible for use in melting titanium and titanium alloys with a wall that defines a thickness that does not vary by more than 30 percent throughout the crucible.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising combining fine-scale alumina particles less than 10 microns in size with the calcium aluminate and the liquid to produce the first slurry.3. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the fine-scale alumina particles include hollow alumina particles.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the large-scale oxide particles are large-scale alumina particles ...

CRUCIBLE DEVICE WITH TEMPERATURE CONTROL DESIGN AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR

A crucible device with temperature control design includes a crucible body, an induction coil unit, a nozzle flange body and a melt delivery tube and a temperature control unit. The induction coil unit surrounds the crucible body, provides a heat source during use, and is configured to enable a metal material to melt and produce a melt having a melting skull. The melt delivery tube is communicated via the nozzle flange body to a bottom of the crucible body and is configured to deliver the melt from the crucible body. The temperature control unit includes a microprocessor, a heater and a temperature sensor which are electrically coupled to each other, and are configured to control a curve of the melting skull to drop to a preset position. 1. A crucible device with temperature control design , wherein the crucible device comprises:a crucible body;an induction coil unit, surrounding the crucible body, providing a heat source during use, and configured to enable a metal material to melt and produce a melt having a melting skull;a nozzle flange body and a melt delivery tube, wherein the melt delivery tube is communicated to a bottom of the crucible body via the nozzle flange body, and is configured to deliver the melt from the crucible body; anda temperature control unit, comprising a microprocessor, a heater, and a temperature sensor that are electrically coupled to each other, wherein:the temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature of a boundary of the nozzle flange body which is close to the melt, the heater is configured to inductively heat the nozzle flange body, and the microprocessor adjusts a power of the heater according to the measured temperature of the boundary of the nozzle flange body, so as to control the temperature of the boundary of the nozzle flange body to reach a predetermined temperature, and to further control a curve of the melting skull to drop to a preset position.2. The crucible device with temperature control design according to ...

COLD CRUCIBLE INSERT

A cold crucible may include a plurality of fingers extending in an axial direction and arranged in a circumferential direction, and a slit between each pair of adjacent fingers. The cold crucible may also include at least one insert in each of the slits. The at least one insert may include a first component made of a soft magnetic composite material, and a second component made of a soft magnetic component. 1. An insert for a cold crucible , comprising:a first component made of a soft magnetic composite material; anda second component made of a soft magnetic material.2. The insert of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the soft magnetic material has a higher Curie temperature than the soft magnetic composite material.3. The insert of claim 1 , wherein the first component has a higher saturation flux density than the soft magnetic material.4. The insert of claim 1 , wherein the first component has a substantially wedged shape.5. The insert of claim 1 , wherein the second component includes at least one sheet of the soft magnetic material.6. The insert of claim 1 , wherein the soft magnetic material is a solid metal.7. A cold crucible comprising:a plurality of fingers extending in an axial direction and arranged in a circumferential direction;a slit between adjacent fingers and extending radially from an inner diameter of the cold crucible to an outer diameter of the cold crucible; andat least one insert in at least one slit;wherein the at least one insert includes a first component made of a soft magnetic composite material, and a second component made of a soft magnetic component.8. The cold crucible of claim 7 , wherein at least one insert is located in at least one of a top and a bottom of the corresponding slit in an axial direction.9. The cold crucible of claim 7 , wherein only the second component is at a radial end of the slit adjacent the inner diameter of the crucible.10. The cold crucible of claim 7 , wherein at least one of:the soft magnetic material has a ...

RADIANT HEATING PANEL FOR MELTING FURNACE

A radiant heating panel has an inner side surface configured to face into a combustion chamber and an outer side surface configured to face oppositely away from the combustion chamber. The panel has interconnected sections formed of ceramic material. The panel sections are elongated with adjacent longitudinal edge portions, and are joined and sealed together along the adjacent longitudinal edge portions. The outer side surface of the panel has a contour that undulates laterally across the panel sections. 1. An apparatus for use with a burner arranged to fire into a combustion chamber , comprising:a radiant heating panel having an inner side surface configured to face into the combustion chamber, and having an outer side surface configured to face oppositely away from the combustion chamber;wherein the radiant heating panel includes interconnected panel sections formed of material comprising ceramic material.2. An apparatus as defined in wherein the material comprises silicon carbide.3. An apparatus as defined in wherein the material comprises silicon nitride.4. An apparatus as defined in wherein the interconnected panel sections include elongated sections providing the outer side surface with a contour that undulates laterally across the sections.5. An apparatus as defined in wherein the elongated sections include sections having concave contours at the outer side surface claim 4 , and the concave contours have nonconcentric arcuate profiles.6. An apparatus as defined in wherein the elongated sections include sections having concave contours at the outer side surface and the concave contours have intersecting portions with linear profiles reaching laterally across the sections.7. An apparatus as defined in wherein elongated sections further provide the inner side surface with a contour that undulates laterally across the sections.8. An apparatus as defined in wherein the interconnected panel sections include elongated sections having laterally adjacent longitudinal ...

CRUCIBLE

A crucible for melting metals includes a main body, a bottom portion, and a strengthening annular portion. The bottom portion is sealed to a first end of the main body. The strengthening annular portion is disposed on a second end of the main body. The main body, which is also thicker towards the bottom portion for additional strength, and the bottom portion are composed primarily of graphite, and the strengthening annular portion is composed of a ceramic material or fireproof material or both. 1. A crucible comprising:a main body;a bottom portion sealed to a first end of the main body; anda strengthening annular portion disposed on a second end of the main body;wherein the main body and the bottom portion are composed primarily of graphite, and the strengthening annular portion is composed of a ceramic material or a fireproof material or both.2. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein the main body or the bottom portion is made of a composite material comprising graphite claim 1 , reinforcing fibers claim 1 , and fireproof material.3. The crucible of claim 2 , wherein the reinforcing fibers are carbon fibers.4. The crucible of claim 2 , wherein the fireproof material is one chosen from a group comprising aluminum oxide claim 2 , magnesium oxide claim 2 , calcium oxide claim 2 , chromium hemitrioxide claim 2 , and silicon dioxide.5. The crucible of claim 2 , wherein a content of the reinforcing fibers is in a range from about 1% (wt) to about 10% (wt).6. The crucible of claim 2 , wherein a content of fireproof material is in a range from about 1% (wt) to about 10% (wt).7. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening annular portion is made of corundum.8. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein an inner surface of the main body slant relative to a central axis of the crucible.9. The crucible of claim 8 , wherein an included angle defined between the inner surface and the central axis is less than 25 degrees.10. The crucible of claim 1 , wherein a sidewall of the main body ...

SILICON-NITRIDE-CONTAINING INTERLAYER OF GREAT HARDNESS

The invention relates to a shaped body comprising a substrate with a firmly adhering separating layer, wherein the separating layer comprises 92-98 wt. % silicon nitride (SiN) and 2-8 wt. % silicon dioxide (SiO) and wherein the separating layer has a total oxygen content of ≦8 wt. % and a hardness of at least 10 HB 2.5/3 according to DIN EN ISO 6506-1. 1. Shaped body comprising a substrate with a firmly adhering separating layer , wherein the separating layer comprises 92-98 wt. % silicon nitride (SiN) and 2-8 wt. % silicon dioxide (SiO) and wherein the separating layer has a total oxygen content of ≧8 wt. % and a hardness of at least 10 HB 2.5/3 according to DIN EN ISO 6506-1.2. The shaped body according to claim 1 , wherein the separating layer furthermore contains a residual content of a dopant in the form of a flux.3. The shaped body according to claim 2 , wherein the dopant comprises an alkali metal compound claim 2 , preferably a sodium compound.4. The shaped body according to claim 3 , wherein the fraction of the dopant expressed as the alkali metal content of the separating layer is up to 150 ppm claim 3 , preferably up to 50 ppm.5. The shaped body according to claim 1 , wherein the total oxygen content of the separating layer is <5 wt. %.6. The shaped body according to claim 1 , wherein the separating layer contains 94-98 wt. % SiNand 2-6 wt. % SiO claim 1 , preferably >95-97 wt. % SiNand 3-<5 wt. % SiO.7. The shaped body according to claim 1 , wherein the hardness of the separating layer is at least 15 HBW 2.5/3 claim 1 , preferably at least 20 HBW 2.5/3 according to DIN EN ISO 6506-1.8. The shaped body according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate consists of ceramic claim 1 , preferably of SiO(fused silica).9. Method for producing a shaped body according to claim 1 , comprising the following steps:{'sub': 3', '4', '2, 'a) preparing a coating suspension comprising SiNand an SiO-based binder as well as a dopant in the form of a flux for producing a firmly ...

Method for magnetic flux compensation in a directional solidification furnace utilizing an actuated secondary coil

A process for directional solidification of a cast part comprises energizing a primary inductive coil coupled to a chamber having a mold containing a material; generating an electromagnetic field with the primary inductive coil within the chamber, wherein said electromagnetic field is partially attenuated by a susceptor coupled to said chamber between said primary inductive coil and said mold; determining a magnetic flux profile of the electromagnetic field after it passes through the susceptor; sensing a component of the magnetic flux in the interior of the susceptor proximate the mold; positioning a mobile secondary compensation coil within the chamber; generating a control field from a secondary compensation coil, wherein said control field controls said magnetic flux; and casting the material within the mold.

CERAMIC CALCINER APPARATUS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present disclosure provides calciners configured to convert a feedstock into a calcined product. 1. A calciner comprising:a crucible;a heating element in proximity to the crucible and configured to heat the crucible; and to provide a processing fluid to the crucible, and', 'to be articulated in a pattern within the crucible., 'a delivery tube configured2. The calciner of claim 1 , wherein the heating element is disposed around the crucible in one or more loops.3. The calciner of or further comprising a removable cover configured to retain one or more components in the calciner.4. The calciner of claim 3 , wherein the removable cover includes a void through with the delivery tube is positioned.5. The calciner of further comprising an electrolysis apparatus connected to the delivery tube by a flexible conduit claim 3 , wherein the electrolysis apparatus is configured to electrolytically decompose an intermediate feedstock to form a process reactant.6. A calciner comprising:a crucible;a heating element in proximity to the crucible and configured to heat the crucible;a dome configured to seal a first portion of the crucible to enable a positive pressure to be applied to the first portion of the crucible;a conduit positioned through the dome configured to enable the positive pressure to be applied through the conduit to the first portion of the crucible;an insulated tube positioned through the dome and having a first end positioned in the first portion of the crucible; anda dispensing port configured to selectively enable material to be dispensed from the first portion of the crucible.7. The calciner of further comprising a second heating element disposed about the bottom check valve.8. The calciner of or claim 6 , wherein the dispensing port comprises a bottom check valve and a solenoid configured to displace the bottom check valve upon energizing.9. The calciner of any one of to claim 6 , wherein the crucible further comprises a second portion configured to contain ...

CHANNEL TYPE INDUCTION FURNACE

Disclosed is a channel type induction furnace () provided with a furnace floor () that is inclined downwards from an operative rear of the furnace hearth () towards an opposing operative front of the hearth (), with a wall (A) at the front of hearth () comprising a bottom section () and a top section (), with the front wall bottom section () extending further into the hearth () than the front wall top section (), and the front wall bottom section () terminating in an upper edge () in abutment with the front wall top section (), with a down-passage () to an induction heater (), located proximate the front wall (A), having an inlet in the floor () at a location proximate the base of the front wall (A) and the or each up-passage (A, B) having an outlet in the floor () at a location in abutment with the base of the front wall bottom section () and with the front wall bottom section () being provided with a vertical slot (A, B) extending upwards above the or each up-passage (A, B) through it and opening onto the upper edge () of the bottom section (). 116-. (canceled)17. A channel type induction furnace , comprising:a shell lined with refractory material, the shell including a floor having a wall extending from the floor to form a hearth; andat least one induction heater associated with the channel type induction furnace and communicating with the hearth by a throat in the floor, the throat including throat passages having a down-passage serving as an inlet to the at least one induction heater and at least one up-passage serving as an outlet from the at least one induction heater, the throat passages complementary shaped and configured to channels in the channel type induction heater and each of the throat passages in fluid communication with a complimentary shaped and sized channel;wherein the furnace floor is inclined downwards from an operative rear of the hearth towards an opposing operative front of the hearth;wherein the wall at the front of the hearth includes a ...

Cooling Vessel for Metal Recovery from Smelting or Melting Waste Products

A cooling vessel for metal recovery from waste products including a first open end, a second closed end, and a sidewall extending between the first open end and the second closed end. The vessel has a longitudinal central axis extending from the first open end to the second closed end. In a plane including the longitudinal axis and extending from the first open end to the second closed end, opposing interior surfaces of the vessel are at an angle of 30°-50° to one another. The thickness of the sidewall adjacent the second closed end is greater than the thickness of the sidewall at the first open end. A diameter of the inner surface of the vessel along a first major axis may be greater than a diameter of the inner surface of the vessel along a second minor axis such that a cross-section of the vessel is oval. 1. A cooling vessel for metal recovery from waste products comprising:a first open end;a second closed end; anda sidewall extending between the first open end and the second closed end,the vessel having a longitudinal central axis extending from the first open end to the second closed end,wherein, in a plane including the longitudinal central axis and extending in a direction from the first open end to the second closed end, opposing interior surfaces of the vessel are at an angle of 30°-50° to one another, andwherein a thickness of the sidewall at the first open end is greater than a thickness of the sidewall adjacent the second closed end.2. The cooling vessel of claim 1 , wherein opposing interior surfaces of the vessel are at an angle of 35°-45° to one another.3. The cooling vessel of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the thickness of the sidewall adjacent the second closed end to the thickness of the sidewall at the first open end is 1.1-2.0.4. The cooling vessel of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the thickness of the sidewall adjacent the second closed end to a thickness of the sidewall at the first open end is 1.2-1.7.5. The cooling vessel of claim 1 , wherein ...

INTEGRAL MELTER AND PUMP SYSTEM FOR THE APPLICATION OF BITUMINOUS ADHESIVES AND HIGHWAY CRACK-SEALING MATERIALS, AND A METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

An integral melter and pump assembly or system, and a method of making the same, is disclosed wherein the pump assembly comprises a melter housing having a melter container defined within the melter housing. A pump mounting plate is integrally mounted within a side wall portion of the melter container and an output dispensing supply pump is mounted directly upon an external surface portion of the pump mounting plate in a surface-to-surface manner such that heat generated internally within the melter container is effectively transferred by conduction from the melter container and through the pump mounting plate such that the temperature level of the output pump is elevated to, and maintained at, a predeterminedly desired level even when the pump, is not disposed in its output dispensing mode. In addition, since the output dispensing or material supply pump is disposed externally of the melter container and the melter housing, the output dispensing or material supply pump is easily and readily accessible in case maintenance becomes necessary. Optionally, an oil jacket or chamber can surround the melter container so as to more evenly or consistently provide heating of the melter container. 1. An integral melter and pump system , comprising:a melter container for containing melted material to be dispensed, and comprising a floor member and a first annular wall member integrally connected to said floor member and having an inner peripheral surface facing an interior portion of said melter container and an outer peripheral surface external of said melter container;a burner for providing heat to said melter container for melting material charged into said melter container such that the material charged into said melter container is melted by the heat from said burner; andan output dispensing supply pump mounted directly upon said outer peripheral surface of said first annular wall member of said melter container in a surface-to-surface manner such that heat from said ...

Composite material, heat-absorbing component, and method for producing the composite material

In a known composite material with a fused silica matrix there are regions of silicon-containing phase embedded. In order to provide a composite material which is suitable for producing components for use in high-temperature processes for heat treatment even when exacting requirements are imposed on impermeability to gas and on purity, it is proposed in accordance with the invention that the composite material be impervious to gas, have a closed porosity of less than 0.5% and a specific density of at least 2.19 g/cm, and at a temperature of 1000° C. have a spectral emissivity of at least 0.7 for wavelengths between 2 and 8 μm. 1. A composite material comprising:a matrix of fused silica in which regions of a phase containing silicon in elemental form have been embedded,{'sup': '3', 'wherein the composite material is impervious to gas, has a closed porosity of less than 0.5% and a specific density of at least 2.19 g/cm, and, at a temperature of 1000° C., has a spectral emissivity of at least 0.7 for wavelengths between 2 and 8 μm.'}2. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix has pores therein with a maximum pore dimension of less than 10 μm.3. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the phase containing silicon in elemental form is present in a weight fraction that is not more than 5%.4. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix consists essentially of fused silica having a hydroxyl group content of not more than 30 ppm by weight.5. The composite material according to claim 1 ,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the phase containing silicon in elemental form consists essentially of silicon having a metallic purity of at least 99.99% and wherein the matrix possesses a chemical purity of at least 99.99% SiOand a cristobalite content of not more than 1%.'}6. The composite material according to claim 1 ,wherein the phase containing silicon in elemental form exhibits non-spherical morphology with maximum dimensions of on ...

Microwave Composite Heating Furnace

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a heating furnace that sufficiently exhibits the microwave effect produced by microwave heating and allows economical heating taking advantage of the characteristics of each heating method. The provided microwave composite heating furnace () is equipped with: a housing (); a heating container () for accommodating and heating an object to be heated; a heating means () for heating the heating container () from the outside; a microwave irradiation device (); a to-be-heated object supplying device () that supplies the object to be heated to the inside of the heating container (); a gas introducing means () for introducing gas into the heating container (); and a gas recovery means () for recovering the gas generated when heating the object to be heated. The heating container () comprises a material that has high electrical conductivity so as to reflect microwaves and confine the microwaves inside and that has high heat resistance so as not to react with the heated object, thereby confining microwaves irradiated into the heating container () not through the outer wall of the heating container, and allowing an improvement in electromagnetic field density. 1. A microwave composite heating furnace comprising:a housing made of heat insulating material;a heating container arranged inside the housing, the heating container configured to accommodate a heating object so as to heat the heating object;a microwave irradiation apparatus configured to cause a microwave generation apparatus to generate microwave, and cause a microwave transmission unit to transmit the microwave, so that the heating object stored in the heating container is irradiated with the microwave without bypassing an outer wall of the heating container; anda heating unit configured to heat the heating container from outside the heating container,wherein the heating container is formed mainly of electrically conductive carbon material, and is formed to ...

CONTINUOUS LOW OXYGEN AND HIGH TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION ALUMINUM MELTING FURNACE WITH POROUS INJECTION PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER

A continuous aluminum melting furnace with a porous spray pipe heat exchanger, comprising a furnace body, combustion nozzles, a smoke pipeline and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises a smoke channel and heat exchange cylinders, wherein each of the heat exchange cylinders comprises a head end, a tail end, and a porous spray pipe in at least one of the cylinders. The porous spray pipe comprises a closed end and a pipe body, with several air spray holes provided on a peripheral wall of the pipe body so that cold air entering the at least one heat exchange cylinder is sprayed to an inner wall of the cylinder so as to exchange heat with high-temperature smoke which flows through an outer wall of the cylinder, thus keeping the temperature of the cylinder lower than the rated tolerant temperature of the material from which the cylinder is made. 1. A continuous low oxygen and high temperature combustion aluminum melting furnace with porous injection pipe heat exchanger , comprising:a furnace body that is comprised of an aluminum melting tank provided inside the furnace body, a combustion chamber provided inside the furnace body and above the aluminum melting tank, and a first high temperature flue gas outlet located on one end wall of the furnace body and connected to the combustion chamber;at least one combustion nozzle provided on the other end wall of the furnace body for injecting fuel and combustion-supporting gas into the combustion chamber, in order to generate heat in the combustion and melt aluminum bar in the aluminum melting tank into molten aluminum;a flue gas piping connected the first high temperature flue gas outlet of the furnace body to a chimney; anda high temperature heat exchanger provided in the flue gas piping to make use of the waste heat of the flue gas for preheating air;wherein, the high temperature heat exchanger is a porous injection pipe heat exchanger comprised of a flue gas passage and at least one heat-exchanging cylinder that is ...

Metal-powder producing apparatus, and gas jet device and crucible container thereof

A metal-powder producing apparatus includes a spray chamber, and a plurality of spray nozzles that liquid-spray a melted metal into the spray chamber. Each of the plurality of spray nozzles includes: a liquid nozzle that allows the melted metal to flow down into the spray chamber; and a gas-jet nozzle that has a plurality of gas-jet holes arranged around the liquid nozzle and causing a gas fluid to collide with the melted metal having flowed down from the liquid nozzle.

DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING ENERGY TO MELTING FURNACES

The invention relates to a coupling device () for electrically connecting a melting furnace, in particular the crucible () of a melting furnace, to an energy source, comprising at least one contact body (), which is connected to the energy source by means of high current cables (), and at least one molded part () as part of an electrical receptacle () on the melting furnace, in particular the crucible (), characterized in that a form-fitted and electrically conductive connection of the contact body () and the molded part () can be established by inserting the contact body () into the molded component (). The invention further relates to a melting furnace, in particular an induction furnace and a vacuum induction melting furnace (VIM), comprising at least one such coupling device. 1. A coupling system for electrically connecting a smelter to an electrical power source , the coupling system comprising:at least one contact connected to the electrical power source by a high-current cableat least one countercontact as part of an electrical receptacle on the smelter,means for interlocking and electrically conducting connecting the contact and the countercontact by sliding the contact into the countercontact; anda traverse system is provided for moving the at least one contact from a parking position with the at least one contacts spaced from the at least one countercontact into a coupling position with the at least one contacts engaging the at least one countercontact.2. The coupling system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:a locking system between the at least one contact and the at least one countercontact.3. The coupling system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the locking system includes at least one latch pawl that engages behind a latch formation and is connected to the contact.4. (canceled)5. The coupling system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the traverse system has an electromechanical claim 1 , a pneumatic or preferably a hydraulic drive.6. The coupling ...

BURNER TUBE INSERT

A furnace melt tower includes a burner block having an inner wall defining a burner port for receiving a burner nozzle and a burner tube insert received within the burner port between the inner wall and the burner nozzle to protect the burner port and ease cleaning and repair. The burner tube insert includes a cylindrical body having a first end and a second end and a flange extending radially outward from the first end of the burner tube insert. 1. A furnace melt tower , comprising:a burner block having an inner wall defining a burner port for receiving a burner nozzle; anda burner tube insert received within the burner port between the inner wall and the burner nozzle.2. The furnace melt tower of wherein the burner tube insert further comprises:a cylindrical body having a first end and a second end; anda flange extending radially outward from the first end of the burner tube insert, the flange having a first surface and a second surface.3. The furnace melt tower of wherein the second end of the burner tube insert is frustoconical in shape.4. The furnace melt tower of wherein the first surface of the flange engages an outer wall of the burner block.5. The furnace melt tower of wherein the second surface of the flange engages a portion of the burner nozzle.6. The furnace melt tower of wherein the cylindrical body of the burner tube insert has a gas port.7. A burner tube insert for use with a port in a burner block of a furnace melt tower claim 5 , comprising:a cylindrical body having a first end and a second end; anda flange extending radially outward from the first end of the burner tube insert, the flange having a first surface and a second surface.8. The burner tube insert of wherein the second end is frustoconical in shape.9. The burner tube insert of wherein the first surface of the flange is engageable with an outer wall of the burner block.10. The burner tube insert of wherein the second surface of the flange is engageable with a portion of a burner nozzle.11 ...

SCRAP SUBMERGENCE DEVICE

A molten metal scrap submergence system comprising a furnace and a vortexing scrap submergence well. The vortexing scrap submergence well includes a diverter suspended above the well and oriented for immersion in a bath of molten metal circulating within the well. The system, or an alternative scrap submergence system, can include a hood element disposed in an overlapping position with regard to a top opening of the scrap submergence well. The hood at least substantially seals the top opening. The hood element includes a scrap piece feed chute and a burner allowing carbon containing vapor evaporated from the surface of the molten scrap pieces to combust and form predominantly water. The system, or an alternative scrap submergence system can include internal side walls of the well with a first diameter portion adjacent and above said ramp and a second, larger diameter portion above said first portion. 1. A method of adjusting a vortex of molten metal comprising: providing a vessel including an interior surface for containing molten metal and an opening for receiving solid metal at an upper end portion of said interior surface , an outlet passageway extending downwardly from said interior surface and a vortex control diverter that can be suspended within the molten metal above the outlet passage , and an inlet opening penetrating said interior surface; positioning said vortex diverter at a desired distance above said outlet passageway; moving the molten metal into said vessel inlet opening to form said vortex in said vessel , wherein said molten metal is moved into said vessel inlet opening by operating a pump; and depositing said solid metal in a region between said diverter and said interior surface.2. A molten metal scrap submergence system comprising a furnace and a vortexing scrap submergence well , said vortexing scrap submergence well including a diverter suspended above the well and oriented for immersion in a bath of molten metal circulating within said well. ...

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR ADJUSTING CHARACTERISTICS OF A FURNACE PROCESS IN A FURNACE SPACE AND INJECTION UNIT

Provided are a method and an arrangement for adjusting characteristics of a furnace process in a furnace space limited by a furnace shell of a metallurgical furnace. The arrangement comprises an injection unit having a frame mounted by means of a mounting means on the metallurgical furnace outside the furnace space of the furnace shell. Also provided is an injection unit for use in the method and in the arrangement. 116-. (canceled)17. A method for adjusting characteristics of a furnace process in a furnace space limited by a furnace shell of a metallurgical furnace comprising:a first providing step for providing a furnace aperture extending through the furnace shell,a second providing step for providing an injection unit comprising a frame , at least one linearly movable injection device that is configured to move linearly with respect to the frame and that is configured to inject additives, mounting means for mounting the injection unit on the metallurgical furnace outside the furnace space, first moving means for linearly moving said at least one linearly movable injection device with respect to the frame, and second moving means for moving said at least one linearly movable injection device between a first position and a second position with respect to the mounting means,a mounting step for mounting the injection unit by means of the mounting means on the metallurgical furnace outside the furnace space,a first moving step for moving the first moving means by means of the second moving means with respect to the mounting means from the first position into the second position, where the first moving means is able to move said at least one linearly movable injection device linearly through the furnace aperture in the furnace shell,a second moving step for moving said at least one linearly movable injection device by means of the first moving means in said second position linearly through the furnace aperture in the furnace shell at least partly into the furnace ...

PURIFICATION OF A METALLOID BY CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE VACUUM ARC REMELT PROCESS

A metalloid such as silicon in the form of a preheated solid electrode is purified by a CEVAR purification process by producing an ingot with controlled heating and cool down after the preheated electrode is melted in a CEVAR furnace system using a short CEVAR open-bottomed crucible. 1. A CEVAR furnace system for producing a purified silicon ingot from a silicon electrode , the CEVAR furnace system comprising:a silicon electrode heating apparatus for preheating the silicon electrode to form a preheated silicon electrode;a gas-tight CEVAR furnace chamber;a short CEVAR open-bottomed crucible for containment of an arc zone from a CEVAR purification process melting the preheated silicon electrode, the short CEVAR open-bottomed crucible disposed in the gas-tight CEVAR furnace chamber;a preheated silicon electrode drive system for lowering the preheated silicon electrode within the short CEVAR open-bottomed crucible as a lower end of the preheated silicon electrode melts in the CEVAR purification process;an ingot heating apparatus disposed adjacent to the open bottom of the short CEVAR open-bottomed crucible through which the purified silicon ingot formed in the CEVAR purification process passes;an ingot heating controller for controlling the ingot heating apparatus to provide a temperature-controlled thermal environment for the purified silicon ingot passing through the ingot heating apparatus; andan ingot withdrawal drive system for alternatively withdrawing the purified silicon ingot from the short CEVAR open-bottomed crucible at a vertical growth rate of the purified silicon ingot during steady state of the CEVAR purification process or raising the short CEVAR open-bottomed crucible, the silicon electrode and the ingot heating apparatus at the vertical growth rate of the purified silicon ingot during steady state of the CEVAR purification process.2. The CEVAR furnace system of wherein an interior height of the short CEVAR opened-bottom crucible is at least 60 percent ...

HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALL-METAL INDUCTION FURNACE, INTENDED TO MELT SAMPLES OF MINERALS AND/OR ROCKS FOR EXTRACTING GASES UNDER ULTRA-HIGH VACUUM

The application basically comprises supplying a high-temperature ultra-high vacuum furnace, the sole chamber of which is metal, in which an electrically conductive crucible, preferably made of tantalum, is placed onto an insulating support, preferably a ceramic, and is induction heated by a winding wound around the crucible. The insulating tube, preferably made of quartz, that is arranged between the induction winding and the crucible, advantageously acts as a surface on which the condensable species can condense. The quartz insulating tube especially allows the induction winding to be protected. 1. A high-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum furnace , intended for the extraction of noble gases present in samples of minerals and/or rocks , comprising:a metal chamber that is gastight, in particular to atmospheric gases, comprising a connection opening for connecting to a purification line for purifying the gases released in the chamber and/or to a gravity feed device for supplying a sample and, a connection opening for connecting to a pump suitable for creating the ultrahigh vacuum inside the chamber,a crucible made of electrically conductive material, suitable for containing at least one sample of minerals and/or rocks,a support made of electrically insulating material, resting on the lower portion of the metal chamber, and supporting the crucible in the chamber,at least one induction coil, powered from outside of the chamber through at least one insulated bushing passing through a wall of the chamber, and arranged around the crucible,a tube made of electrically insulating material, resting on the lower portion of the metal chamber, arranged between the induction coil and the crucible supported by the support.2. The high-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum furnace as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a heat-transfer fluid cooling circuit integrated into the claim 1 , lower and upper walls of the chamber.3. The high-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein ...

CRUCIBLE FOR MELTING REACTIVE ALLOYS

A ceramic crucible having an AlTiObody with face layers of non-reactive ceramic and a method of making the crucible. The ceramic crucible is made by utilizing a plaster mold and forming a crucible body as backing material in the plaster mold with a slurry. The slurry is fired to form the crucible body of aluminum titanate. Non-reactive ceramic slurry is applied to the interior of the crucible body to a predetermined thickness, wetting the crucible body and then fired forming a non-reactive layer as the interior surface of the ceramic crucible. The non-reactive layer forming the interior surface of the ceramic crucible is more dense than non-reactive layers in prior art crucibles. The dense non-reactive layer forms a stronger bond with the crucible body, reducing the potential for delamination of the non-reactive layer when a reactive alloy is melted in the crucible by vacuum induction melting. 1. A crucible for melting reactive alloys , comprisinga ceramic body including a dense ceramic titanate;a layer overlying the dense ceramic titanate, the layer being a face layer further comprising a ceramic material that is non-reactive with the molten reactive alloy when in contact with molten reactive alloy; andwherein the molten reactive alloy is in contact with the face layer.2. The crucible of wherein the ceramic body includes a cavity claim 1 , and the face layer overlies the ceramic body within its cavity.3. The crucible of wherein the ceramic titanate body further includes at least one ceramic selected from the group consisting of alumina claim 1 , silicon dioxide claim 1 , zirconium silicate and combinations thereof.4. The crucible of wherein the ceramic titanate further comprises aluminum titanate.5. The crucible of wherein the overlying layer comprises a plurality of layers of non-reactive ceramic material.6. The crucible of wherein the layer overlying the dense ceramic titanate further comprises a non-reactive ceramic selected from the group consisting of yttrium ...

CHAOTIC STIRRING DEVICE AND METHOD COMBINING PLASMA ARC SMELTING AND PERMANENT MAGNET

A chaotic stirring device combining plasma arc smelting and permanent magnet including a furnace body; the furnace body is provided therein with a water-cooled copper crucible; the center of an upper surface of the water-cooled copper crucible is a groove for placing raw metals, and the water-cooled copper crucible is internally a hollow cavity; a return pipe is disposed directly below the groove in the hollow cavity; an upper end of the return pipe is vertical upward, and is horizontally provided with a filter screen; a spherical magnet is placed between the filter screen and the groove; one side of the water-cooled copper crucible is provided with a first water inlet pipe and a first water outlet pipe; the first water inlet pipe is connected to the hollow cavity, and the first water outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the return pipe. 1. A chaotic stirring device combining plasma arc smelting and permanent magnet , wherein the device comprises a furnace body; the furnace body is provided therein with a water-cooled copper crucible; the center of an upper surface of the water-cooled copper crucible is a groove for placing raw metals;the water-cooled copper crucible is internally a hollow cavity; a return pipe is disposed at a place directly below the groove in the hollow cavity; an upper end of the return pipe is vertical upward, and is horizontally provided with a filter screen; a spherical magnet is placed between the filter screen and the groove; one side of the water-cooled copper crucible is provided with a first water inlet pipe and a first water outlet pipe;the first water inlet pipe is connected to the hollow cavity, and the first water outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the return pipe, to form a water flow passage in the water-cooled copper crucible.2. The chaotic stirring device combining plasma arc smelting and permanent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein a tungsten electrode and a nozzle are disposed directly above the groove claim 1 , ...

MELTING AND CASTING PROCESS AND COMBINED MELTING AND CASTING FURNACE PLANT

A process for melting metal parts and casting the melt in at least one mould and a corresponding combined melting and casting furnace plant are described. In the process, metal parts to be melted are brought into a crucible furnace, and a molten metal is produced therein and made ready for casting. A riser tube integrated in a lid of the crucible furnace is heated in a position remote from the crucible furnace, and the lid with heated riser tube is brought into a position closing the crucible furnace, in which the riser tube projects into the molten metal. A mould is arranged on the lid in a casting position above the riser tube, and the molten metal is introduced into the mould from below by pressurising the melt in the crucible furnace. The combined melting and casting furnace plant is designed to carry out such a process. 1. A process for melting metal parts and casting the melt into at least one mould , comprising the following steps:a. placing the metal parts in a crucible furnace;b. producing a molten metal and making it ready for casting in the crucible furnace;c. heating a riser tube arranged on a lid of the crucible furnace at a position remote from the crucible furnace;d. moving the lid with the heated riser tube to a position closing the crucible furnace, in which position the riser tube projects into the molten metal;e. moving the mould to a casting position on the lid and above the riser tube; andf. pouring the molten metal through the riser tube from below into the mould by pressurising the molten metal in the crucible furnace.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during the pouring of the molten metal through the riser tube claim 1 , negative pressure is applied in the casting mould.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the step of flooding the space between the melt bath surface and the furnace lid with inert gas claim 1 , wherein preferably the pouring of the molten metal through the riser tube from below into the mould ...

HEATING DEVICE WITH HEAT CONDUCTING ELEMENT AND EVAPORATION SYSTEM USING SAME

A heating device with a heat conducting element and an evaporation system using the same are provided. The heating device includes a crucible, a heat conducting element and a heating element. The crucible includes a bottom surface, an opening opposite to the bottom surface and an accommodation space for accommodating a to-be-evaporated material. The heat conducting element is disposed in the accommodation space of the crucible and disposed on the bottom surface and extending towards the opening. The heating element is disposed adjacent to the crucible. 1. A heating device , used in an evaporation system , comprising: a bottom surface;', 'an opening opposite to the bottom surface; and', 'an accommodation space for accommodating a to-be-evaporated material;, 'a crucible, comprisinga heat conducting element disposed in the accommodation space of the crucible, and disposed on the bottom surface and extending towards the opening; anda heating element disposed adjacent to the crucible.2. The heating device according to claim 1 , wherein the heat conducting element comprises metal material or alloy material.3. The heating device according to claim 1 , wherein the to-be-evaporated material comprises methylammonium iodide (MAI) claim 1 , formamidinium iodide (FAI) or phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI).4. The heating device according to claim 1 , wherein the crucible comprises a sidewall surrounding the heat conducting element claim 1 , and at least one interval exists between the heat conducting element and the sidewall of the crucible.5. The heating device according to claim 4 , wherein the heat conducting element is disposed at a center of the crucible claim 4 , and the intervals between each part of the heat conducting element and the sidewall of the crucible are equal.6. The heating device according to claim 1 , wherein a height of the heat conducting element is less than or equal to a height of the crucible.7. The heating device according to claim 6 , wherein the heating ...

HYBRID METAL MELTING FURNACE

A hybrid metal melting furnace uses a furnace lid to hold molten metal, while inhibiting reduction in the service life of burners of the furnace lid caused by long periods of exposure to high heat. This hybrid metal melting furnace includes a crucible for accommodating metal to be melted; and an induction coil causing induced current to flow through and heat the metal. A furnace lid which closes an opening in the crucible includes: a first furnace lid having burners for injecting flames into the crucible; and a second furnace lid which does not have the burners. When melting the metal, the first furnace lid is disposed in a position in which the opening is closed. When holding the molten metal in the crucible, the first furnace lid is removed from the opening, and the second furnace lid is disposed in the position in which the opening is closed. 1. A hybrid metal melting furnace comprising:a crucible provided with an opening on an upper side and configured to retain a metal to be melted in an interior thereof;a furnace lid configured to cover the opening of the crucible;induction heating means configured to heat the metal to be melted in the crucible by passing an induction current through the metal to be melted; anda burner configured to inject flames into the crucible, whereinthe furnace lid includes: a first furnace lid provided with the burner; and a second furnace lid not provided with the burner andthe hybrid metal melting furnace further comprises furnace lid moving means configured to move the first furnace lid and the second furnace lid in such a manner that the first furnace lid is placed at a position to cover the opening for melting the metal to be melted, and the first furnace lid is removed from the opening and then the second furnace lid is placed at the position to cover the opening for retaining molten metal obtained by melting the metal to be melted in the crucible.2. The hybrid metal melting furnace according to claim 1 , wherein the furnace lid ...

METHOD FOR CASTING IRON OR STEEL, A CHARGE FOR USE IN THE METHOD, AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CHARGE

Casting of iron or steel is performed by assembling a charge () of plate-like charge elements (. . . ) with known compositions and dimensions by placing them on top of each other, and of an alloying component entity () with known composition, such as alloying component pieces or an alloying component cartridge, by means of which the composition of the charge is balanced to the desired precise composition. The charge is melted in a furnace () and cast to form a casting with an exactly known composition. 1. A method for casting iron or steel , wherein a charge containing raw materials for a casting is melted and cast into an object of desired shape , wherein the charge is assembled of plate-like charge elements with known compositions and dimensions by placing them on top of each other , and of an alloying component entity with a known composition , by means of which the composition of the charge is balanced to the desired precise composition.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the charge elements are made of iron or steel claim 1 , and the alloying component entity contains claim 1 , for the most part claim 1 , metal other than iron claim 1 , and/or non-metal.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the alloying component entity contains at least one of the following: molybdenum claim 2 , chromium claim 2 , nickel claim 2 , silicon claim 2 , carbon.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plate-like charge elements are disc-like elements provided with a central hole.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the disc-like elements are stacked on top of each other around a vertical guiding element so that the vertical guiding element extends through the holes.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the lower end of the vertical guiding element is fixed to a bottom element supporting the charge elements claim 5 , and it constitutes a lifting arm claim 5 , by means of which the charge elements are placed in a furnace claim 5 , in which the ...

MELTING MATERIAL SUPPLY APPARATUS

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a melting material supply apparatus which is capable of contributing to improvements in the working environment and the melting efficiency of a metal melting furnace, and which is also capable of making melting work more efficient. This melting material supply apparatus for supplying a melting material to a crucible is provided with: a melting material supply unit for supplying the melting material to the crucible; and a furnace lid for closing an opening provided in the upper part of the crucible. The furnace lid is supported in a horizontal state by a furnace lid-supporter, and is capable of being moved between a position in which the opening is closed, and a standby position located above a hood. When the furnace lid is in the standby position, the opening is open, and the melting material can be supplied into the crucible therefrom. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. A melting material supply apparatus combined with a metal melting furnace for melting a melting material supplied to a crucible and configured to supply the melting material to the crucible , whereina melting material supply unit configured to supply a melting material to the crucible;a means configured to move the melting material supply unit between a position for supplying the melting material to the crucible and a position retracted therefrom and apart from the crucible which has been supplied with the melting material at the position for supplying;a furnace lid provided integrally with the melting material supply unit and configured to cover an opening provided at a top of the crucible;a furnace lid-supporting means configured to support the furnace lid in a horizontal state; anda furnace lid-moving means configured to move the furnace lid supported by the furnace lid-supporting means between a first position at which the furnace lid is placed at the opening to cover the opening and a second position at which ...

CRUCIBLE

Embodiments of the invention disclose a crucible. The crucible comprises: a crucible body; and at least one heat conductive sheet disposed on an inner side wall of the crucible body. The at least one heat conductive sheet has at least one opening. The crucible is specifically used for evaporating process, and can improve the heating uniformity of the evaporation materials and prevent the evaporation material from local spurting. 1. A crucible , comprising:a crucible body; andat least one heat conductive sheet disposed on an inner side wall of the crucible body,wherein the at least one heat conductive sheet has at least one opening.2. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe heat conductive sheet is disposed in parallel with a plane in which an open end of the crucible body lies.3. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe at least one opening comprises at least one notch formed at a peripheral region of the heat conductive sheet.4. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe at least one opening comprises at least one inner hole formed in the heat conductive sheet.5. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe heat conductive sheet is fixed to the inner side wall of the crucible body through welding or adhesives.6. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe inner side wall of the crucible body is provided with a protrusion, and the at least one heat conductive sheet is supported on the protrusion.7. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe crucible body and the at least one heat conductive sheet are integrally formed.8. The crucible according to claim 7 , whereinthe crucible body and the at least one heat conductive sheet are formed from the same kind of metal material.9. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe at least one heat conductive sheet is made from any one of titanium, tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum.10. The crucible according to claim 1 , whereinthe at least one heat conductive sheet comprises two or more heat ...

CRUCIBLE LINER

A liner is placed into a crucible to prevent semiconductor material from contacting the interior surfaces of the crucible and to allow the crucible to be reused in the making of semiconductor ingots. 1. A liner for a crucible , comprising:an inner layer for facing a molten semiconductor material when the liner is placed within the crucible;an outer layer for facing one or more inner surfaces of the crucible; andone or more fibrous layers disposed between the inner and outer layers.2. The liner of wherein the inner layer comprises a ceramic material.3. The liner of wherein the inner layer comprises carbon claim 2 , silicon carbide claim 2 , silicon oxide claim 2 , silicon nitride claim 2 , silicon oxycarbide claim 2 , silicon oxynitride claim 2 , boron carbide claim 2 , boron nitride claim 2 , or a combination of two or more thereof.4. The liner of wherein the inner layer has no or low reactivity with the molten semiconductor material.5. The liner of wherein the molten semiconductor material is molten silicon.6. The liner of wherein the outer layer comprises a material that is not reactive with the crucible.7. The liner of wherein the outer layer comprises a fibrous material.8. The liner of wherein at least one of the one or more fibrous layers comprises carbon claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , silicon oxide claim 1 , silicon nitride claim 1 , silicon oxycarbide claim 1 , silicon oxynitride claim 1 , boron carbide claim 1 , boron nitride claim 1 , or a combination of two or more thereof.9. The liner of wherein at least one of the one or more fibrous layers comprises a fabric.10. The liner of wherein the one or more fibrous layers provide mechanical stability to the liner and also allow the liner to be formed into a shape that matches the inner surfaces of the crucible.11. A liner for placing into a crucible to prevent material placed into the liner from contacting the interior surfaces of the crucible and for allowing the crucible to be reused claim 1 , the liner ...

INDUCTION FURNACE AND METHOD FOR TREATING METAL WASTE TO BE STORED

The melting induction furnace comprises, together with a casing () to which a lower sole plate () is added to form the central part of the structure, a removable inner crucible () composed of an internal layer () resisting heat and aggressiveness of the molten bath (), an external layer () delimiting the crucible and an insulating intermediate layer (). The crucible () is a disposable crucible and can be stored with its charge in an appropriate container. Heat losses are low, even when the casing () is cooled. Stresses due to differential thermal expansions are also very much reduced. 11078211117. Induction furnace for melting metallic waste , with low energy consumption and high safety level , comprising a field coil () , a circular metallic casing () broken down into sectors () separated by electrically insulating layers , surrounded by the field coil and provided with cooling fluid ducts () , and a sole plate () extending under the casing , characterised in that it comprises a crucible () inside the casing () and composed of a circular wall and a bottom , the crucible being:{'b': '11', 'placed on the sole plate (),'}{'b': '7', 'surrounded by the casing (),'}separated from the casing by a clearance,continuous and uniform around its circumference and{'b': 4', '5', '6, 'composed of three concentric layers including an internal refractory layer (), an intermediate layer () composed of compressible material and an external metallic layer ().'}2. Melting furnace according to claim 1 , characterised in that the internal layer is made from ceramic claim 1 , for example based on silicon carbide.3. Melting furnace according to claim 1 , characterised in that the intermediate layer is made from a thermally insulating material.4. Melting furnace according to claim 1 , characterised in that the intermediate layer has a fibrous structure.58. Melting furnace according to claim 1 , characterised in that sectors () have an equivalent diameter (D) less than half the penetration ...

Method of casting ingot and containing device of ingot casting furnace for containing materials of ingot

A method of casting an ingot includes the following steps: place solid silicon raw materials on a bottom of a containing device, wherein the containing device includes a container and a graphite layer provided on a surrounding wall and an inner bottom of the container, and the solid silicon raw materials are stacked upon the graphite layer on the inner bottom; heat the container to melt the solid silicon raw material into liquid state; cool the container from the bottom up till all of the silicon raw materials are crystallized and solidified. The solidified silicon raw materials become an ingot. Whereby, the graphite layer can effectively prevent impurities of the container from contaminating the ingot.

Method and apparatus for producing a semi-solid metal material

Provided is an apparatus for producing a semi-solid metal material by charging molten metal of a metal material into a slurry container, the apparatus including: an electromagnetic stirring device configured to apply a transverse circular flow to the molten metal in the slurry container by electromagnetic stirring; and a flow suppressing unit configured to suppress a flow of the molten metal by applying turbulence to the transverse circular flow of the molten metal under a state in which the flow suppressing unit is inserted into the molten metal from above the slurry container so as to cross the transverse circular flow of the molten metal.

FURNACE FOR CASTING NEAR-NET SHAPE (NNS) SILICON

A furnace includes a pedestal, a crucible, first and second heaters, and a controller. The crucible is arranged on a pedestal that is movable downwardly and is rotatable. The first and second heaters are spaced vertically along an outer wall of the crucible and are arranged around the crucible to heat pieces of solid material deposited in the crucible. A third heater is arranged above the crucible if the crucible includes a solid cylindrical mold or in a hollow cylindrical space of the crucible if the crucible includes a hollow cylindrical mold. The controller is configured to control the first and second heaters to heat the pieces of the solid material to form a melted liquid. The controller is configured to control the rotational and downward movements of the pedestal relative to the first and second heaters during solidification of the melted liquid to form an ingot. 1. A furnace comprising:a hollow mold formed between an inner cylindrical wall and an outer cylindrical wall;a first heater arranged in a hollow cylindrical space extending along an inner wall of the inner cylindrical wall to heat pieces of a solid material deposited in the hollow mold;second and third heaters spaced vertically along an outer wall of the outer cylindrical wall and arranged around the outer cylindrical wall to heat the pieces of the solid material deposited in the hollow mold;a pedestal, with the hollow mold arranged on the pedestal, configured to rotate at a first speed and to move downward at a second speed relative to the first, second, and third heaters; and control the first, second, and third heaters to heat the pieces of the solid material to form a melted liquid; and', 'control the first and second speeds of the pedestal during solidification of the melted liquid to form an ingot from the melted liquid., 'a controller configured to2. The furnace of further comprising an insulation comprising:a circumference wall surrounding the outer cylindrical wall of the hollow mold;a top ...

SEALED TILT POUR ELECTRIC INDUCTION FURNACES FOR REACTIVE ALLOYS AND METALS

A sealed tilt pour electric induction furnace and furnace system is provided for supplying a reactive molten material from the furnace to a reactive molten material processing apparatus without exposing the reactive molten material to the ambient environment. The rotating component of a rotary union is connected to the furnace's enclosed furnace pour spout and rotates simultaneously with the tilt pour furnace about a common horizontally oriented rotational axis to supply the reactive molten material to the reactive molten material processing apparatus connected to the stationary component of the rotary union. 1. An electric induction furnace system for a sealed tilt pouring of a reactive molten material , the electric induction furnace system comprising:an upper tilt pour furnace vessel comprising a thermally insulated reactive material containment vessel, the upper tilt pour furnace vessel having a horizontally oriented rotational tilt axis;a lower electric induction furnace vessel connected to the upper tilt pour furnace vessel and in fluid communication with the upper tilt pour furnace vessel, the lower electric induction furnace vessel configured to inductively heat and melt a reactive material charge loaded into the upper tilt pour furnace vessel;an enclosed furnace pour spout configured to pour the reactive molten material from the upper tilt pour furnace vessel when the upper tilt pour furnace vessel is tilted about the horizontally oriented rotational tilt axis to a pour position; anda rotary union having a rotating union component and a stationary union component, the rotating union component connected to the enclosed furnace pour spout and axially aligned with the horizontally oriented rotational tilt axis for rotation about the horizontally oriented rotational tilt axis when the upper tilt pour furnace vessel is tilted for transfer of the reactive molten material from the enclosed furnace pour spout to a reactive molten material processing apparatus ...

METHOD FOR MAGNETIC FLUX COMPENSATION IN A DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION FURNACE UTILIZING A STATIONARY SECONDARY COIL

A process for directional solidification of a cast part comprises energizing a primary inductive coil coupled to a chamber having a mold containing a material; energizing a primary inductive coil within the chamber to heat the mold via radiation from a susceptor, wherein the resultant electromagnetic field partially leaks through the susceptor coupled to the chamber between the primary inductive coil and the mold; determining a magnetic flux profile of the electromagnetic field; sensing a magnetic flux leakage past the susceptor within the chamber; generating a control field from a secondary compensation coil coupled to the chamber, wherein the control field controls the magnetic flux experienced by the cast part; and casting the material within the mold under the controlled degree of flux leakage. 17-. (canceled)8. An induction furnace assembly comprising:a chamber containing a mold;a primary inductive coil coupled to said chamber;a susceptor surrounding said chamber between said primary inductive coil and said mold;at least one secondary compensation coil fixed to said chamber between said susceptor and said mold; said at least one secondary compensation coil configured to generate a control field configured to control a magnetic flux leakage past said susceptor from said primary induction coil; anda controller coupled to at least one flux sensor located within said chamber, wherein said controller is configured to generate a control signal responsive to an input from at least one of a flux sensor and a flux set point; wherein said magnetic flux leakage is detectable by said at least one flux sensor at a predetermined location within said chamber.9. (canceled)10. The induction furnace assembly according to claim 8 , further comprising:a power amplifier coupled to said controller and said secondary compensation coil, wherein said power amplifier generates electrical power responsive to said control signal to said at least one secondary compensation coil to generate ...

OVEN FOR THE MELTING OF PRECIOUS METALS IN THE JEWELLERY SECTOR

Described is an oven () for melting precious and non-precious metals, non-metallic materials such as ashes, organic industrial waste, inorganic material such as ceramics, which are heat-resistant and not, in particular in the jewellery sector, comprising an outer unit () forming an inner space () and having an inductive thermal unit () positioned around the inner space (); an inner unit () positioned in the inner space () and having a melting chamber () for a metal to be melted and operating in conjunction with the inductive thermal unit () in such a way that a heating of the inner unit () by the inductive thermal unit () causes the melting of the metal in the melting pot (). In particular, the melting chamber () has an opening () for loading and unloading the metal. The inner unit () is rotatably mounted in a motor-driven fashion on the outer unit () about an axis of rotation (Z) suitable for mixing the metal contained in the melting chamber (). Moreover, the outer unit () has rotatable supporting means () defining a tilting axis (Y) perpendicular to the axis of rotation (Z) and suitable for unloading liquid metal from the melting chamber (). 2274478. The oven according to claim 1 , wherein said outer unit () has rotation means () acting on the inner unit () for rotating the inner unit () about said axis of rotation (Z) claim 1 , preferably said rotation means () comprising an electric motor ().3412511123128. The oven according to claim 1 , wherein said inner unit () comprises a melting pot () delimiting said melting chamber () and said loading/unloading opening () claim 1 , said melting pot () being made at least partly of a material suitable for induction heating by said inductive thermal unit (); said melting pot () being rotatably integral with a rotation shaft () rotatable about said axis of rotation (Z).4416123. The oven according to claim 3 , wherein said inner unit () also comprises an outer containment body () made of a thermally insulating material claim ...

Arrangement for Low-Pressure Casting of Refractory Metals

The present invention relates to an arrangement for low-pressure casting of refractory metals, with a furnace chamber with one or a plurality of gas supply openings (6) and gas outlet openings (7), and a riser pipe (8) through a cover (5) of the furnace chamber, a melting container (3, 12) for the refractory metals arranged in the furnace chamber, and a heating device for heating the refractory metals in the melting container (3, 12). In the proposed arrangement, the melting container (3, 12) is formed as an exchangeable insert for a receiving mould (2) supporting the melting container (3, 12), which is arranged in the furnace chamber, wherein a thermally insulating layer (4, 17) is formed between the receiving mould (2) and the melting container (3, 12), or is integrated into the melting container (3, 12). With the proposed arrangement, a quick and easy exchange of the melting container for different alloys can also be carried out in the low-pressure casting of refractory metals.

Scrap dipping device

Crucible furnace

Electric parking brake

본 발명은 이상에서 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 전기식 주차브레이크에 의하면, 차량이 주차상태에서 주차브레이크가 고장이 초래되거나 견인시, 운전석에서 간단하게 비상해제 케이블을 당겨 주차브레이크를 해제시킬 수 있는 전기식 주차브레이크를 제공한다. 그 전기식 주차브레이크는 차체 또는 차량에 장착되며, 전방벽에 2개의 관통공이 천공되는 하우징; 하우징의 내측에 설치되며, 정회전 및 역회전 가능한 액튜에이터; 액튜에이터에서 발생되는 동력을 감속시키기 위해 액튜에이터에 연결되며, 감속된 회전력을 전달하기 위한 종동기어를 구비하는 감속기; 감속기의 종동기어에 연결되며, 길이방향으로 나선이 형성된 스핀들; 스핀들에 나사 결합되는 결합공이 형성되는 스크류너트; 스핀들이 관통하며 스크류너트가 회전 가능하게 삽입되는 이퀄라이저; 이퀄라이저의 양측에 각각 연결되도록 선단에 체결편이 구비되며 타단이 각각의 휠의 브레이크 장치에 연결되는 브레이크 케이블; 및 비상해제시 브레이크케이블을 이완시켜 주차브레이크가 해제되도록 상기 스핀들을 지지하는 비상해제장치로 구성된다. The present invention, as described above, according to the electric parking brake according to the present invention, when the vehicle is parked in the parking state caused a breakdown or towing, simply pull the emergency release cable from the driver's seat can release the parking brake Provide electric parking brake. The electric parking brake is mounted on the vehicle body or the vehicle, the housing is provided with two through holes in the front wall; An actuator installed inside the housing and capable of forward and reverse rotation; A reducer connected to the actuator to reduce power generated by the actuator and having a driven gear for transmitting the reduced rotational force; A spindle connected to the driven gear of the reducer and having a spiral formed in the longitudinal direction; A screw nut having a coupling hole screwed to the spindle; An equalizer in which the spindle penetrates and the screw nut is rotatably inserted; A brake cable having a fastening piece at a front end thereof so as to be connected to both sides of the equalizer, and a second end of which is connected to a brake device of each wheel; And an emergency release device for supporting the spindle to release the parking brake by releasing the brake cable during the emergency release.

Container for preparing graphite sheet

본 발명은 2개 이상으로 분리되어 측면 압력을 가할 수 있는, 그라파이트 시트를 효과적으로 제조할 수 있는 용기, 상기 용기를 포함하는 그라파이트 시트 제조용 소성로, 및 상기 용기를 이용한 그라파이트 시트의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 본 발명의 도가니는 원료물질을 효과적으로 가압할 수 있으므로, 원료물질로부터 높은 효율로 그라파이트를 제조하는데 사용될 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 도가니는 유도가열에 의한 열처리를 통해 수축 혹은 탄화 및/또는 흑연화를 수행하는데 사용될 수 있으므로, 종래의 방식에 비해 가열효율이 향상되어 흑연화 온도를 획기적으로 낮출 수 있어 공정비용을 크게 절감할 수 있다. 또한 신속한 작업과 정밀한 온도제어 및 다양한 소성로 설계가 가능하고, 오염물질로부터 차단성이 우수하고 친환경적이다. The present invention relates to a container capable of effectively producing a graphite sheet, which can be separated into two or more side faces, a firing furnace for producing a graphite sheet containing the container, and a method for producing a graphite sheet using the container, Since the crucible of the present invention can effectively pressurize the raw material, it can be used to produce the graphite with high efficiency from the raw material. In addition, since the crucible of the present invention can be used to perform shrinkage, carbonization and / or graphitization through heat treatment by induction heating, the heating efficiency is improved as compared with the conventional method, and the graphitization temperature can be drastically lowered, Can be greatly reduced. In addition, it is possible to design with rapid operation, precise temperature control and various firing furnace, excellent barrier property from pollutants and environment friendly.

Scrap Immersion Device

용광로 및 와류 스크랩 침지 웰을 포함하는 용융 금속 스크랩 침지 시스템와류 스크랩 침지 웰은 웰 위에 매달려 있고, 웰 내에서 순환하면서 용융 금속을 욕조에 담그도록 배향된 전환기를 포함한다. 시스템 또는 대안적인 스크랩 침지 시스템은 스크랩 침지 웰의 상부 개구와 관련하여 중첩하는 위치에 배치된 후드 요소를 포함할 수 있다. 후드는 적어도 실질적으로 상부 개구를 밀봉한다. 후드 요소는 스크랩 조각 공급 슈트 및 용융 스크랩 조각의 표면으로부터 증발된 증기를 함유하는 탄소가 연소하여 대부분 물을 생성하도록 하는 버너를 포함한다. 상기 시스템 또는 대안적인 스크랩 침지 시스템은 상기 램프에 인접에 인접하고 상기 램프 위에 있는 제1 직경 부분, 및 상기 제1 부분 위에 있는 제2의 더 큰 직경 부분을 갖는 웰의 내부 측벽을 포함할 수 있다. Molten Metal Scrap Immersion System Comprising a Blast Furnace and a Vortex Scrap Immersion Well A vortex scrap immersion well includes a diverter suspended above the well and oriented to circulate within the well to immerse molten metal in a bath. The system or alternative scrap immersion system may include a hood element disposed in an overlapping position with respect to the upper opening of the scrap immersion well. The hood seals at least substantially the upper opening. The hood element includes a scrap scrap feed chute and a burner that allows carbon containing vapors evaporated from the surface of the molten scrap scrap to burn to produce predominantly water. The system or alternative scrap immersion system may include an interior sidewall of the well having a first diameter portion proximate to and above the ramp, and a second larger diameter portion over the first portion. .

用于熔炼钛基储金合金的坩埚基体及其制备方法和应用

本发明涉及合金熔炼技术领域，公开了用于熔炼钛基储金合金的坩埚基体及其制备方法和应用。该坩埚基体，按质量百分比计算，由以下原料组成：三氧化二铝47～63％、氧化锆18～33％、氧化钇8～15％、余量为助熔剂。此外，本发明利用该坩埚基体与涂覆于所述坩埚基体内表面的表面涂层组成用于熔炼钛基储金合金的坩埚。本发明坩埚基体中的氧化锆和氧化钇成分与氧化钇涂层通过共格晶面为氧化钇涂层提供了更多的结合位点，进而提高坩埚基体与氧化钇涂层的结合力，阻止坩埚基体与正在进行熔炼的钛基储氢合金的反应，延缓坩埚基体的腐蚀，实现坩埚在钛基储氢合金批量化制备过程中的多次重复使用，使坩埚的重复使用次数至少为20次。

Crucible continuous melting furnace

被溶解材の溶解量を容易に制御することができる坩堝式連続溶解炉を提供することを目的とする。被溶解材ａを収容し、上部に排気口３４が形成された予熱タワー３１と、予熱タワー３１の下方に設置されており、予熱タワー３１から被溶解材ａの供給を受ける溶解用坩堝７１を備えた溶解用坩堝炉１１と、溶解用坩堝７１を加熱する加熱バーナー３とを備え、溶解用坩堝炉７１は、加熱バーナー３の燃焼ガスを予熱タワー３１内部に導入する導入部を備え、溶解用坩堝７１は、被溶解材ａの溶湯ｂを排出する溶湯排出口７４を側壁に備える坩堝式連続溶解炉１であって、加熱バーナー３よりも上方に配置され、被溶解材ａを予熱する予熱バーナー４を備えることを特徴とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a crucible type continuous melting furnace capable of easily controlling the melting amount of a material to be melted. A preheating tower 31 in which the material to be melted a is accommodated and an exhaust port 34 is formed in the upper part, and a melting crucible 71 which is installed below the preheating tower 31 and receives the supply of the material to be melted a from the preheating tower 31 The melting crucible furnace 11 provided and the heating burner 3 for heating the melting crucible 71 are provided, and the melting crucible furnace 71 is provided with an introduction part for introducing the combustion gas of the heating burner 3 into the preheating tower 31 for melting. The crucible 71 is a crucible type continuous melting furnace 1 provided on the side wall with a molten metal discharge port 74 for discharging the molten metal b of the material to be melted a, and is disposed above the heating burner 3 to preheat the material to be melted a. A preheating burner 4 is provided.

Pressurized crucible for preparing graphite

The present invention relates to a pressurizing crucible which can be used to prepare graphite by applying vertical pressure, a furnace comprising the crucible to prepare graphite, and a preparation method of graphite using the crucible. The crucible of the present invention can effectively pressurize raw materials and can be used to prepare graphite from raw materials with high efficiency. Further, the crucible of the present invention can be used for shrinking or carbonization and/or to graphitization through heat treatment by inductive heating, and thus can substantially reduce graphitization temperature by improving heating efficiency in comparison to a conventional method while reducing processing costs. In addition, the crucible enables the furnace to rapidly operate, precisely control temperature, and can be used to design various furnaces while having excellent barrier properties from contaminant substances and being environment-friendly. The pressurizing crucible comprises: (a) a crucible body which has a screw thread at the entire or in part of an internal flank of an opening, wherein the screw thread combines with a crucible cap; and (b) a crucible cap which includes a screw thread formed at the exterior, wherein the screw thread combines with the internal flank of the opening of the crucible body.

一种电加热坩埚

本发明公开了一种电加热坩埚，包括坩埚体，坩埚体上部设置有坩埚盖，坩埚体内设置有坩埚腔体，坩埚腔体的底面为圆形；所述坩埚体下端内部设置有加热腔Ⅰ，坩埚腔体的下端面上设置有若干环形的加热凸起，加热凸起呈同心圆排布，加热腔Ⅰ内设置有电加热丝；所述坩埚体侧壁内设置有加热腔Ⅱ，加热腔Ⅱ内设置有电加热丝，坩埚体侧壁外表面上设置有电源接口，电源接口连接电加热丝。本发明的优点在于它能克服现有技术的弊端，结构设计合理新颖。

Patent FR2302780B1

坩埚式连续熔解炉

本发明的目的是提供一种坩埚式连续熔解炉，其可以容易地控制被熔解材料的熔解量。该坩埚式连续熔解炉(1)具有：容纳被熔解材料(a)、且在上部形成有排气口(34)的预热塔(31)；设置于预热塔(31)的下方、且具有接受自预热塔(31)供给的被熔解材料(a)的熔解用坩埚(71)的熔解用坩埚炉(11)；加热熔解用坩埚(71)的加热燃烧器(3)；熔解用坩埚炉(71)具有将加热燃烧器(3)的燃烧气体导入至预热塔(31)内部的导入部，熔解用坩埚(71)在侧壁具有排出被熔解材料(a)的熔融液(b)的熔融液排出口(74)，其中，该坩埚式连续熔解炉具有配置在比加热燃烧器(3)更靠上方的位置、且对被熔解材料(a)进行预热的预热燃烧器(4)。

一种定量保温铝液熔化炉

本发明公开了一种定量保温铝液熔化炉，其结构包括炉底支撑架、铝液输出口、熔炉壳、电路控制中心、铝融化坩埚、伸缩支撑杆、热能回收装置、排气管、上盖、铝料推送装置、电磁线圈、送料传动装置、铝保温坩埚以及载料箱，本发明采用双层壳体，有效阻断熔化炉与外界环境的接触，提高了保温效果，采用耐高温陶瓷以及钛合金材料，进一步的提高了保温能力，采用双坩埚结构，操作简单，载料网避免未熔化的铝渣进入铝液，热量回收装置不仅增强本发明的保温能力，还提高了能量的利用率，节约了资源；通过PLC触屏控制器对铝液进行定量，并通过单片机以及激光液面检查仪对铝液的含量进行控制，能够准确快速自动的对铝液定量。

Electric moving and injection equipment for Crucible

본 발명은 전동식 운반수단을 이용하여 원료(폴리 실리콘 및 도펀트 등)가 충진된 도가니(71)를 안정적으로 운반한 다음 정밀 제어되는 제1 붐대를 이용하여 잉곳 성장장치의 메인챔버에 정확히 투입 및 안착시킬 수 있도록 한 전동식 도가니 운반 및 투입장치에 관한 것으로, 복수의 휠이 구비된 전동식 운반수단(5)과, 상기 전동식 운반수단(5)의 일단에 설치되는 적재대(2)와, 상기 적재대(2) 일단에 수직으로 설치되고 승강수단에 의해 상승 및 하강 이동하는 승강 마스트(19)(20)와, 상기 승강 마스트(19)(20)에 설치되어 승강하는 승강판(25)과, 상기 승강판(25)의 전면부에 수평으로 설치되는 제1 붐대(45)와, 상기 제1 붐대(45)의 단부에 출몰할 수 있도록 결합되는 제2 붐대(46)와, 상기 제2 붐대(46)를 출입시키는 실린더(51)와, 상기 제2 붐대(46) 단부에 축설치되는 아암(66)과, 상기 아암(66)의 저부면 끝단부에 설치되는 도가니 고리(67)와, 상기 아암(66)을 도가니 안착위치로 회전시키는 회전수단을 포함하여 구성된다. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for accurately transporting a crucible (71) filled with a raw material (polysilicon and dopant, etc.) to a main chamber of an ingot growing apparatus by using an electric conveying means, (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric transporting means (5) comprises a plurality of wheels, a loading table (2) installed at one end of the electric transporting means (5) (20) vertically installed at one end and moving up and down by the elevating means, a lifting plate (25) installed on the lifting masts (19) (20) A first boom frame 45 horizontally installed on the front portion of the elevating plate 25, a second boom frame 46 connected to the end of the first boom frame 45 so as to be able to appear and disappear, A cylinder 51 which is provided at the end of the second boom rope 46, And the arm 66 and the crucible ring 67 is provided in the bottom side end portion of the arm 66, and is configured to include a rotating means for rotating the arm 66 in the crucible seated position.

A c/c composite crucible and a producing method thereof

탄소/탄소 복합재료 도가니 및 그 제조방법이 제공된다. 상기 도가니는 탄소 섬유의 블랭크 제조-밀도 증가-정화-기계 가공을 거쳐 제조할 수 있으며, 상기 탄소 섬유는 폴리아크릴로니트릴 탄소 섬유이다. 본 제조방법을 수행하는 동안, 부푼 바늘 형상의 탄소 섬유로 구성된 웹은, 니들펀칭 시 유사 3차원 프리폼의 형성이 용이하다. 프리폼 내부 탄소 섬유가 종, 횡방향으로 교차되어 결합력이 비교적 강하고, 탈층 현상이 발생하지 않으며, 구조가 안정적이고, 아울러, 프리폼의 간극이 비교적 작아, 후속 밀도 증가 과정의 속도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 밀도 증가를 통하여 제조된 도가니는 순도가 아주 높으며, 진공 또는 보호 기체 조건 하에서 고온 정화를 진행하기만 하면, 회재량이 180ppm 미만인 탄소/탄소 복합재료를 제조할 수 있다. A carbon / carbon composite crucible and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The crucible can be prepared via blank preparation-density increase-purification-machining of carbon fibers, wherein the carbon fibers are polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers. While carrying out the present manufacturing method, the web of swollen needle-shaped carbon fibers facilitates the formation of pseudo three-dimensional preforms during needle punching. Since the carbon fibers in the preform cross in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the bonding force is relatively strong, delamination does not occur, the structure is stable, and the gap of the preform is relatively small, thereby improving the speed of the subsequent density increase process. Crucibles manufactured by increasing the density are very high purity and can be produced carbon / carbon composites having a ash content of less than 180 ppm by simply performing high temperature purification under vacuum or protective gas conditions. 탄소/탄소 복합재료 도가니, 도가니 프리폼, 블랭크 제조, 정화, 기계가공 Carbon / Carbon Composite Crucibles, Crucible Preforms, Blank Manufacturing, Purification, Machining

Smelting furance and aluminum smelting method

本发明公开了一种熔炼炉，其包括用于对铝原料进行预热的预热室，用于使预热的铝原料熔化的熔化室，还包括燃烧机，燃烧机是以生物质颗粒为燃料的燃烧机，且燃烧机产生的烟气依次通过熔化室和预热室。该熔炼炉中，燃烧机以生物质颗粒为燃料，使整个熔炼炉能够利用生物质颗粒燃烧的热量对铝材进行熔炼，避免使用燃气，利于降低生产成本。本发明还公开了一种铝熔炼方法，其应用于上述熔炼炉，能够降低铝熔炼的生产成本。

Boiler using crucible furnace

본 고안의 목적은, 물이 분해되어 재결합할 때에 발생되는 가스(브라운가스)의 불꽃이 어느 물질에 접촉되는 순간에 접촉 물질의 용융점 온도에 이르는 특징을 이용하여 용융로 자체를 보일러로 하여 용융로의 용융 직,간접열에 노통, 연관,수관을 가열하는 특징과, 온수와 스팀의 발생원을 별개로하여 각기 동시에 사용할 때 서로의 온도와 압력에 영향을 주지 않는 특징을 갖는 브라운 가스 용융보일러에 관한 것이다. The object of the present invention is to melt the furnace using the furnace itself as a boiler, using the feature that the flame of the gas (brown gas) generated when water is decomposed and recombined reaches a melting point temperature of the contacting substance at the moment when it comes into contact with a substance. The present invention relates to a brown gas melting boiler having a characteristic of heating a furnace, plumbing, and a water pipe in direct and indirect heat, and of separately generating a source of hot water and steam and not affecting each other's temperature and pressure. 이에 본 고안은 상기 보일러 내부에 설치되어 용융물질이 담겨지는 도가니로와, 도가니로의 용융물질을 용해시키기 위한 가열수단이 포함되어, 용해된 용융물질과 용융시 발생되는 열핵반응의 열을 열원으로 스팀과 온수를 생산할 수 있도록 된 것을 특징으로 하는 도가니로를 이용한 보일러를 제공한다. The present invention includes a crucible furnace which is installed inside the boiler to contain molten material, and heating means for dissolving the molten material of the crucible furnace as heat sources. It provides a boiler using a crucible furnace characterized in that it can produce steam and hot water.

The continuous electric induction furnace for preparing rock/mineral wool raw materials liquation

本发明公开了一种连续制备岩/矿棉原料熔液的感应电炉，包括炉壳，所述炉壳内设有不产生感应涡流的耐火材料坩埚，所述耐火材料坩埚的外周安装有感应圈，所述耐火材料坩埚内套装有石墨坩埚，所述石墨坩埚下部的外周壁与所述耐火材料坩埚之间设有集液间隙，所述石墨坩埚底部的外周边设有出液孔，对应所述集液间隙的所述耐火材料坩埚的壁上设有熔液溢出口；本发明通过石墨坩埚和耐火材料坩埚套装使用，利用感应电热效应原理，通过所述石墨坩埚将岩/矿棉原料熔融。本发明结构简单，彻底解决了不能利用电能熔融岩/矿棉原料的技术难题，大大提高了岩/矿棉制造企业的生产效率和经济效益，也具有极大的社会效益。

Ferromanganese induction remelting method

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metallurgy and can be used for induction remelting of ferromanganese. Method includes creation of protective layer in furnace crucible by lining of lining mass in two stages. First step is performed by melting of iron or steel charge materials and removal of the obtained melt from the furnace. Second stage is carried out by loading to the bottom of the heated crucible of large pieces of ferromanganese fraction from more than 40 mm to 800 mm, until liquid-phase melt is obtained. Loading of charge materials by backfilling of pieces of ferromanganese of fraction 1–40 mm. Ferro-manganese melt is produced in furnace with secondary sintering of lining of crucible to obtain hardened protective layer in crucible. Up to 80 % of obtained ferromanganese melt is drained. Part of the melt is left in the furnace for further remelting. First and second sintering stages of lining materials are carried out at temperature of up to 2,500 °C. Composition of lining materials is selected from a group comprising the following components: Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , SiC, CaO, ZrO 2 , FeCr 2 O 4 , FeAl 2 O 4 , MgAl 2 O 4 , P 2 O 5 . EFFECT: invention ensures expansion of the stock nomenclature and increase in the furnace capacity. 3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 693 886 C1 (51) МПК C22C 33/04 (2006.01) F27B 14/06 (2006.01) F27B 14/10 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C22C 33/04 (2019.02); F27B 14/06 (2019.02); F27B 14/10 (2019.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018128223, 02.08.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): Зенкин Руслан Николаевич (RU), Зенкин Николай Николаевич (RU) Дата регистрации: 05.07.2019 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2659528 C1, 02.07.2018. RU 2298046 С1, 27.04.2007. RU 2334006 С1, 20.09.2008. EP 0652296 A1, 10.05.1995. (45) Опубликовано: 05 ...