Экспонометр Минина

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der der Dosierung zugrunde zu legenden wirksamen Strahlenstaerke von Lampen fuer medizinische Strahlungszwecke

Gas Detection Devices

RADIATION MEASUREMENT DEVICE AND THE PHOTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A GAS.

GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER DETECTOR AND METHOD FOR REJECTING BACKGROUND NOISE THEREOF

NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED RAY GAS SENSOR HAVING ELLIPSE OPTICAL STRUCTURE, AND METHOD FOR MEASURING GAS CONCENTRATION BY USING SAME

The present invention relates to a non-dispersive infrared ray gas sensor having an ellipse optical structure having a plurality of independent optical pathways, and to a method for measuring a gas concentration by using the same. More specifically, light emitted from a light source is focused to a gas sensor without using a separate light focusing lens, so a concentration of a gas is measured and compensation or aged deterioration according to a temperature can be determined. To this end, a plurality of elliptical mirrors are formed to include a part of a trajectory of a 3-dimensional hollow ellipse having first and second focuses, the first focuses of the elliptical mirrors are shared at one point, and optical axes for connecting the first and second focuses are disposed to form a predetermined angle. The non-dispersive infrared ray gas sensor comprises: a gas inlet (10) disposed in one side of each of the elliptical mirrors, and a gas outlet (20) disposed in the other side thereof; a ...

Method and device for utilising and measuring variations of illuminations

... 476,359. Mercury switches. CHILOWSKY, C. March 15, 1937, No. 7492. Convention date, March 14, 1936. Addition to 463,994 and 469,636. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Group XX] In apparatus as described in the parent Specifications for utilizing or measuring variations in illumination by causing the light to be incident on a closed chamber containing a mixture of hydrogen and chlorine produced by electrolysis of HC1, the said chamber has the form of a shallow container lying parallel to a glass membrane to which the variations of pressure in the chamber are transmitted, the chamber and the membrane structure being made as a unit. In Fig. 1 the membrane 3 is enclosed between glass plates 1, 2 and the reaction chamber 8 is formed between the plate 1 and a slightly curved plate 4, the plates 1, 2, 4 being united at their peripheries. Owing to capillary action the liquid in the chamber 8 is located near the periphery and the gases occupy the central portion which communicates with the membrane by an ...

Process and devices to transform the variations of illumination into mechanical actions

GAS DETECTION DEVICES

A device (19), for measuring changes in the intensity of a beam (52) of ultra-violet light, includes a gas tight container (10) having a window (11) translucent to ultra-violet light and containing detector means (12a, 20) sensitive to changes in the amount of ultra-violet light entering the container. The detector means (12a) might be a gas, ionisable by ultra-violet light, which fills the container (10), or a plate (20) having photo-electric sensitivity to ultra-violet light. The device includes means (13, 14, 15, 16, 17; 25, 26, 27, 28) for measuring the ultra-violet light. The device can be used as a gas detector, measuring the loss in ultra-violet light in a beam (52) from a lamp (51) crossing a passage (50) through which flows an airflow containing a contaminant gas of the type which absorbs or is ionised by ultra-violet light.

Process and apparatus for utilizing and measuring variations of illumination

... 463,994. Mercury switches. CHILOWSKY, C. Jan. 3, 1936, No. 267. Convention date, Jan. 5, 1935. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Group XX] Apparatus for indicating intensity of light or for utilizing variations in light intensity to control the closure of an electric circuit, comprises a closed chamber containing a liquid, such as HCl, which is decomposed by electrolysis into constituents capable of recombining under the action of light, so that the gas pressure within the chamber depends on the intensity of the light incident upon the chamber ; the pressure being transmitted to a mercury column &c. which is utilized to indicate the gas pressure or to control the completion of an electric circuit. The form shown in Fig. 1 comprises a transparent vessel 1 communicating with a U-tube 3. The vessel 1 contains HCl &c. resting on mercury in the tube 3 and is provided with electrodes 2, 2<1> connected to a battery 4 for decomposing the electrolyte into its constituents. The action of the light incident ...

Gas detection devices

Improvements in or relating to means for effecting movements in accordance with changes of light intensity and to apparatus operated thereby

... 559,973. Photometric apparatus. VENNER TIME SWITCHES, Ltd., and NORRISH, R.G.W. Sept. 15, 1942, No. 13028. [Class 97 (i)] [Also in Group XXXVII] Incidence of light on a deformable container causes alteration of pressure and hence of shape, due to distortion of a predetermined quantity of material contained therein, e.g. nitrogen peroxide, nitrosyl chloride, chlorine or bromine and is utilized in switching operations or in releasing spring controlled mechanisms. Speed of actuation may be controlled by adding such substances as nitric oxide, which acts as an accelerator, or nitrogen which serves as a diluent. In the example described a switch contact 16 is moved from one co-operating contact 17 to another 18 when light, falling on a bourdon-tube 12 made of glass, anodized aluminium or magnesium, causes deformation. As described, these contacts with adjusting means are mounted on one side of a partition in an inert gas filled glass container relay means being mounted on the other as follows ...

Selective receiver pneumatic sensitive to the radiations in particular with the radiations infra-red and ultraviolet

Process and devices of thermal energy utilization

GAS DETECTION DEVICES

... 2149788 9411723 PCTABS00032 A device (19), for measuring changes in the intensity of a beam (52) of ultra-violet light, includes a gas tight container (10) having a window (11) translucent to ultra-violet light and containing detector means (12a, 20) sensitive to changes in the amount of ultra-violet light entering the container. The detector means (12a) might be a gas, ionisable by ultra-violet light, which fills the container (10), or a plate (20) having photo-electric sensitivity to ultra-violet light. The device includes means (13, 14, 15, 16, 17; 25, 26, 27, 28) for measuring the ultra-violet light. The device can be used as a gas detector, measuring the loss in ultra-violet light in a beam (52) from a lamp (51) crossing a passage (50) through which flows an airflow containing a contaminant gas of the type which absorbs or is ionised by ultra-violet light.

Apparatuses improved to transform the variations of illumination into mechanical actions

Process and device to use and measure the variations of illumination

SHIP MONITORING SYSTEM USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSOR

SHIP MONITORING SYSTEM USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSOR

Gas Detection Devices

A device (19), for measuring changes in the intensity of a beam (52) of ultra-violet light, includes a gas tight container (10) having a window (11) translucent to ultra-violet light and containing detector means (12a, 20) sensitive to changes in the amount of ultra-violet light entering the container. The detector means (12a) might be a gas, ionisable by ultra-violet light, which fills the container (10), or a plate (20) having photo-electric sensitivity to ultra-violet light. The device includes means (13, 14, 15, 17. 17; 25, 26, 27, 28) for measuring the ultra-violet light. The device can be used as a gas detector, measuring the loss in ultra-violet light in a beam (52) from a lamp (51) crossing a passage (50) through which flows an airflow containing a contaminant gas of the type which absorbs or is ionised by ultra-violet light. ...

Process and device for utilising and measuring the variations of illumination

... 477,257. Mercury switches. CHILOWSKY, C. May 28, 1937, No. 14914. Convention date, May 28, 1936. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Group XX] Relates to apparatus of the kind described in Specification 463,994 for indicating intensity of light or utilizing variations in light intensity to control electric circuits, in which the light is incident on a closed chamber in which hydrogen and chlorine are produced by the electrolysis of HCl, the gases recombining under the action of the light at a rate depending on the light intensity. According to this invention a small uni-directional potential difference is maintained between the electrodes when the apparatus is inoperative, in order to prevent the electrolyte from attacking the electrodes. As shown, a U-tube 5 containing mercury receives the variations of pressure in the electrolysis chamber 1 through a flexible membrane 7. When the intensity of the light incident on the chamber 1 is sufficiently reduced, the mercury reaches the contact 9 and a circuit ...

Process and devices to transform the variations of illumination into mechanical actions

Device of measurement of radiation and measurement of the photochemical sizes of a gas

Dispositif comprenant une enceinte étanche (1) éclairée par un rayonnement à mesurer. L'enceinte contient un gaz sensible au rayonnement à mesurer. Le rayonnement provoque un accroissement du nombre de moles de gaz dans l'enceinte. La mesure de la pression dans l'enceinte à l'aide du manomètre (2) permet soit de détecter la longueur d'onde à laquelle est sensible le gaz, soit de mesurer l'intensité du rayonnement à cette longueur d'onde. Applications: Mesure des caractéristiques d'une lampe UV.

Process and devices for the use and the conservation of the photosensitive gas appliances

Photosensitive gas apparatus

DEVICE FOR MEASURING RADIATION AND THE PHOTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A GAS

Device for comprising a sealed chamber (1) illuminated by the radiation to be measured. The chamber contains a gas responsive to the radiation to be measured. The radiation causes an increase in the number of gas moles in the chamber. By measuring the pressure within the chamber with the aid of a manometer (2), it is possible either to detect the wavelength at which the gas is responsive, or to measure the intensity of the radiation at that wavelength. Applications: for measuring the characteristics of ultraviolet lamps.

Process and apparatus for utilising and measuring variations of illumination

... 469,636. Photometric apparatus. CHILOWSKY, C. Aug. 31, 1936, No. 23775. Convention date, Aug. 31, 1935. Addition to 463,994. [Class 97 (i)] [Also in Group XXXVII] Comprises modifications of the apparatus according to the parent Specification, for measuring or utilizing variations in illumination by electrolyzing HC1 and subjecting the mixture of hydrogen and chlorine to the light which causes them to recombine at a rate depending on the intensity of illumination. According to Figs. 1 and 1a, the apparatus comprises three distinct parts, namely a reaction chamber 107 containing the HC1 and electrodes 2, 2<1>, a diaphragm chamber 150, and a U-tube 110 containing mercury. The chamber 150 contains a flexible glass &c. membrane 100 between plates 105, 106 which provide a free space on each side of the membrane, these spaces communicating by tubes 108, 109 with the chamber 107 and tube 110 respectively. Thin glass blades 101, 102 are cemented to the plates 105, 106, and the membrane 100 and blades ...

Lichtrelais

GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER DETECTOR AND METHOD FOR REJECTING BACKGROUND NOISE THEREOF

Apparatus for translating variations of illumination into mechanical actions

Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Umwandeln von Helligkeitsaenderungen in mechanische Wirkungen

Apparatus for measuring radiation

INSTRUMENT FOR CHEMI-OR BIOLUMINESCENT ANALYSIS

GAS DETECTION DEVICES

A device (19), for measuring changes in the intensity of a beam (52) of ultra-violet light, includes a gas tight container (10) having a window (11) translucent to ultra-violet light and containing detector means (12a, 20) sensitive to changes in the amount of ultra-violet light entering the container. The detector means (12a) might be a gas, ionisable by ultra-violet light, which fills the container (10), or a plate (20) having photo-electric sensitivity to ultra-violet light. The device includes means (13, 14, 15, 16, 17; 25, 26, 27, 28) for measuring the ultra-violet light. The device can be used as a gas detector, measuring the loss in ultra-violet light in a beam (52) from a lamp (51) crossing a passage (50) through which flows an airflow containing a contaminant gas of the type which absorbs or is ionised by ultra-violet light.

Photoresponsive apparatus

Photosensitive apparatus

Photoresponsive apparatus

SPECTRAL ANALYSIS METHOD

PURPOSE: To make possible the miniaturization and simplification of a device and the reduction of a measurement time by using a laser beam from a semiconductor laser as excitation light of a vibrational level of a gas molecule or a gas radical at the time when the absorption of the gas molecule or the gas radical is obtained. CONSTITUTION: A gas to be measured is enclosed in a cell 22 and windows 22a are mounted to face each other. The half part of the laser beam of an AlGaAs semiconductor laser 21 passes the cell 22 by the use of a mirror 23 to measure optical strength by the use of an optical detector 24 and the optical strength of the other half part thereof is directly measured by the use of another optical detector 25. And the former measurement values A and the latter measurement values B are processed by the use of a data processing device 26 and recorded in a chart recorder 27. The oscillation wave length of the laser 21 is changed by changing the temperature with the use of a temperature ...

ARC SENSOR

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high performance arc sensor having high operability and reliability in which the stability can be sustained stably regardless of the arc discharge angle without setting the intensity of light depending on the laser output. SOLUTION: A relay 3 for interrupting current supply to a discharge section 1 extending in the direction of the optical axis of a laser resonator is inserted between the discharge section 1 and a discharge power supply 2. A relay 3 is connected with a sequencer (current interrupting means) 10 through a signal line 5. During operation of a laser, the sequencer 10 scans the differentiated value dI/dt of the intensity of radiated light and turns the relay 3 off when the differentiated value dI/dt is not equal to 0. A plurality of photosensors 7 for detecting the intensity of light radiated from the discharge section 1 are fixed at arbitrary positions on the window 6 of the discharge section 1 along the direction of the optical axis thereof ...

MEASURING METHOD FOR SOUND PRESSURE STRENGTH OF ULTRASONIC WAVE

PURPOSE: To make it possible to measure the sound-pressure strength of the ultrasonic waves of the entire apparatus quantitatively and simply by applying the ultrasonic wave to the liquid in a sound field, generating cavitation, and measuring acoustic luminescence which is generated at this time. CONSTITUTION: An ultrasonic wave cell 6 is filled with liquid. Then, an ultrasonic wave piezoelectric transducer 7 is driven, and ultrasonic wave oscillation is made to occur in the liquid. Thus a cavitation phenomenon is generated. The cavitation phenomenon generates cavitation bubbles comprising vapor in the liquid and dissolved gas in the liquid in this liquid. When the bubbles collapse, weak pulse light called acoustic luminescence is generated. The entire emitted pulse light is received with a photomultiplier tube 3 which is arranged at the upper part of the ultrasonic wave cell 6. When a voltage in response to the amount of the received light is outputted into an amplifier 4 from the photomultiplier ...

Inline Sensor Light Source with Solid State UV Emitter

Light source for an inline sensor having one or more solid state UV emitters for emitting light at single wavelengths in the range of 240 to 400 nm. The light emitted by each of the emitters has a bandwidth on the order of 10-20 nm and is directed toward a measurement detector in the inline sensor. The UV emitters are enclosed in a housing which can be attached to the inline sensor, with a reference detector and a regulator for the UV emitters also within the housing, and an aperture through which the light passes from the emitters to the measurement detector.

WAVELENGTH DETECTOR AND WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION SYSTEM

the wavelength detector includes a diffusion element that diffuses the laser beam; a light collection optical system provided downstream from the diffusion element; a member, including an aperture, provided downstream from the light collection optical system; a discharge tube that is provided downstream from the member and that includes a cylindrical anode and a cylindrical cathode that each have a through-hole formed therein, and that is configured so that an electrical property between the anode and the cathode changes due to an opto-galvanic effect when a laser beam having a predetermined wavelength passes through the through-hole of the cathode in a state in which a DC voltage is applied to the anode; and a high-voltage DC power source. The discharge tube is disposed so that the laser beam that passes through the aperture passes through the through-hole of the cathode of the discharge tube without directly irradiating the cathode. 1. A wavelength detector that detects a wavelength of a laser beam outputted from an ultra violet laser device , the wavelength detector comprising:a diffusion element that diffuses the laser beam;a light collection optical system provided downstream from the diffusion element;a member, including an aperture, provided downstream from the light collection optical system;a discharge tube that is provided downstream from the member and that includes a cylindrical anode and a cylindrical cathode that each have a through-hole formed therein, and that is configured so that an electrical property between the anode and the cathode changes due to an opto-galvanic effect when a laser beam having a predetermined first wavelength passes through the through-hole of the cathode in a state in which a DC voltage is applied to the anode; anda high-voltage DC power source configured so as to apply a DC voltage to the anode,wherein the discharge tube is disposed so that the laser beam that passes through the aperture passes through the through-hole of ...

Apparatus for sensing of chlorine dioxide

The instant invention provides apparatuses for measuring the level or concentration of chlorine dioxide gas in a sample and methods of using the same. One aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for measuring a concentration of a chlorine dioxide gas in a sample. The apparatus includes a light emitting diode (LED), a light sensor, and a flow path between the LED and the light sensor, and a filter configured to remove chlorine dioxide from a reference stream. The flow path is capable of containing a sample. The sensor is capable of measuring the level of chlorine dioxide in the sample and the reference stream.

REFLECTING MEMBER AND FLAME SENSOR

A reflecting member made from a tube-shaped member has an inner peripheral surface that structures a reflecting surface on an axis of the tube-shaped member. A slope, relative to the axis, of a tangent line of the inner peripheral surface in a cross-sectional plane containing the axis changes monotonically along the axis. In relation to a target facing a smaller opening of the tube-shaped member, at a specific distance therefrom, and having a flat region perpendicular to the axis and axially symmetrical relative to the axis, of an electromagnetic radiation incident along the axis from a larger opening of the tube-shaped member, that radiation reflected at a specific location on the larger opening side is incident on one end side of the flat region, and that radiation reflected at a specific location on the smaller opening side is incident on the other end side of the flat region. 1: A reflecting member made from a tube-shaped member having an inner peripheral surface , the reflecting member comprising:a reflecting surface structured with the inner peripheral surface formed symmetrically on an axis of the tube-shaped member, whereina slope, relative to the axis, of a tangent line of the inner peripheral surface in a cross-sectional plane that contains the axis changes monotonically along the axis, andin relation to a target that is positioned facing a smaller opening of the tube-shaped member, positioned at a specific distance of separation therefrom, and having a flat region that is perpendicular to the axis and that is axially symmetrical relative to the axis, of an electromagnetic radiation that is incident along the axis from a larger opening of the tube-shaped member and is reflected by the inner peripheral surface, that electromagnetic radiation that is reflected at a specific location on the larger opening side is incident on one end side of the flat region, and that electromagnetic radiation that is reflected from a specific location on the smaller opening ...

DEVICE FOR UV-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GASEOUS COMPOUNDS

The invention concerns a device () for UV-spectrometric analysis of gaseous Compounds, comprising: a measurement Channel () to accommodate a flow of sample gas, a window () transparent for ultraviolet radiation arranged at a first end () of the measurement Channel (), a radiation source () generating ultraviolet radiation arranged to emit radiation through the window () into the measurement Channel (), and a spectrograph () for measuring ultraviolet radiation at a second, opposite, end () of the measurement Channel (). The invention is characterized in that the spectrograph () is provided with an opening () wherein the second end () of the measurement Channel () is open towards the spectrograph () such that an inside of the spectrograph () and the measurement Channel () are in communication via said opening (). The spectrograph () is filled with a protection gas which is allowed to flow through said opening () and into the measurement Channel (). 2. Device according to wherein the first end of the measurement channel is open towards the window member and in that a channel for guiding a protection gas is arranged in connection to the window member such that protection gas fed through the protection gas channel is allowed to flow over and cover the side of the window member facing the measurement channel and to flow further into the measurement channel.3. Device according to claim 2 , wherein a void is arranged adjacent the window member at the side of the window member facing the measurement channel claim 2 , wherein the void is in communication with the open end of the measurement channel and wherein the void is provided with a void inlet such that when a protection gas is fed to said void inlet claim 2 , the protection gas is allowed to fill the void and flow further into the measurement channel.4. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement channel is provided with at least one inlet for feeding sample gas into the measurement channel and at least one ...

Measurement of Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentration in Soil based on Absorption Spectroscopy

The nitrate-nitrogen concentration in soil is estimated based on the nitrate-nitrogen 200 nm absorption peak. In one embodiment, a device measures the attenuation spectrum of a soil-extractant mixture over a wavelength range that includes wavelengths in the vicinity of the 200 nm absorption peak (the spectral operating range) and then determines the nitrate-nitrogen concentration based on the attenuation spectrum. 1. A device for measuring the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in soil based on attenuation over a spectral operating range , the device comprising:a light source that generates light that spans the spectral operating range, the spectral operating range including wavelengths at least as short as 230 nm;a detector having a sensitivity that spans the spectral operating range;a sample chamber configured to contain a soil-extractant mixture; the light propagating from the light source to the detector and attenuated by the soil-extractant mixture in the sample chamber, the detector generating a soil spectral signal that indicates the light received by the detector at different wavelengths across the spectral operating range; anda processor coupled to the detector, wherein the processor estimates an attenuation spectrum of the soil-extractant mixture over the spectral operating range based on the soil spectral signal, and estimates the nitrate-nitrogen concentration based on the attenuation spectrum.2. The device of wherein the spectral operating range includes the 200 nm nitrate-nitrogen absorption peak.3. The device of wherein the device is capable of estimating nitrate-nitrogen concentrations below 50 ppm.4. The device of wherein the sample chamber is optically positioned between the light source and the detector claim 1 , the light propagating through the soil-extractant mixture in the sample chamber.5. The device of wherein the processor estimates the attenuation spectrum based on the soil spectral signal claim 1 , a reference spectral signal and a dark ...

Ultraviolet-Based Ozone Sensor

A solution for evaluating a sample gas for a presence of a trace gas, such as ozone, is provided. The solution uses an ultraviolet source and an ultraviolet detector mounted in a chamber. The chamber can include reflecting walls and/or structures configured to guide ultraviolet light. A computer system can operate the ultraviolet source in a high power pulse mode and acquire data corresponding to an intensity of the ultraviolet radiation detected by the ultraviolet detector while a sample gas is present in the chamber. Using the data, the computer system can determine a presence and/or an amount of the trace gas in the sample gas. 1. A system comprising:a chamber;an ultraviolet source mounted on a first interior side of the chamber;an ultraviolet detector mounted on the first interior side of the chamber, wherein the chamber is defined by a plurality of reflecting walls having an ultraviolet reflection coefficient of at least eighty percent; and operating the ultraviolet source in a high power pulse mode;', 'acquiring data corresponding to an intensity of ultraviolet radiation detected by the ultraviolet detector during the operating; and', 'determining the presence of the trace gas using the acquired data., 'a computer system for evaluating a sample gas in the chamber for a presence of a trace gas by performing a method including2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a pumping system for introducing the sample gas into the chamber through an inlet; andan outlet, operating the pumping system with both the inlet and the outlet open to allow at least three chamber volumes of air to leave the chamber through the outlet; and', 'sealing the chamber prior to operating the ultraviolet source., 'wherein the method further includes3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a filter for filtering the trace gas from air prior to entering the chamber claim 2 , operating the pumping system with the filter removing the trace gas from air entering the chamber; and', ' ...

DNA AND/OR RNA DETERMINATION FROM UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA

A method for analyzing UV-VIS spectrophotometer data of a sample comprising at DNA and/or RNA is described. The method comprises receiving UV-VIS spectrophotometer data, fitting the UV-VIS spectrometer data taking into account at least one spectrum representative for a base pair being any of more of adenine-thymine (AT) or guanine-cytosine (GC) or adenine-uracil, and deriving from the fitting a quantification of an amount of DNA and/or RNA. 122.-. (canceled)23. A computer-implemented method for analyzing UV-VIS spectrophotometer data of a sample comprising DNA and/or RNA , the method comprisingreceiving UV-VIS spectrophotometer data,fitting the UV-VIS spectrometer data taking into account at least one spectrum representative for a sample having a base pair content, the base pair being any of adenine-thymine (AT) or guanine-cytosine (GC) or adenine-uracil (AU), andderiving from the fitting a quantification of an amount of DNA and/or RNA.24. A computer-implemented method according to claim 23 , wherein said fitting comprises taking into account a set of reference spectra representative for two distinct base pair contents.25. A computer-implemented method according to claim 24 , wherein said fitting comprises taking into account a set of two reference spectra representative of two distinct GC contents.26. A computer-implemented method according to claim 25 , wherein said fitting comprises taking into account a set of exactly two reference spectra representative for two distinct GC contents.27. A computer-implemented method according to claim 23 , wherein said fitting comprises fitting UV-VIS spectrophotometer data of a sample comprising DNA and/or RNA having at least 50 base pairs claim 23 , advantageously at least 100 base pairs.28. A computer-implemented method according to claim 23 , the sample comprising DNA claim 23 ,wherein said fitting comprises using a combination of a set of reference spectra representative for base pairs and reference spectra being ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OF A PHOTORESIST IN A STRIPPING LIQUID

The present invention discloses a method for measuring the concentration of a photoresist in a stripping liquid. In the method for measuring the concentration of a photoresist in a stripping liquid, a plurality of standard photoresist samples are prepared at first, then the spectrum of the standard photoresist samples and the spectrum of the test photoresist sample are collected, and the nth derivative of the spectrum of the standard photoresist samples and the spectrum of the test photoresist sample are taken, wherein n is an integer equal to or greater than 1, a standard curve based on the nth derivative curves and calculating the concentration of the test photoresist sample is established, the concentration of a photoresist in a stripping liquid can be measured accurately according to the standard curve. 1. A method for measuring the concentration of a photoresist in a stripping liquid , comprising the steps of:{'b': '102', 'S: preparing standard photoresist samples;'}{'b': '104', 'S: collecting the spectrum of the standard photoresist samples and the spectrum of the test photoresist sample;'}{'b': '106', 'S: taking the nth derivative of the spectrum of the standard photoresist samples and the spectrum of the test photoresist sample, wherein n is an integer equal to or greater than 1, and storing the nth derivative curves of the the nth derivative of the spectrum of the standard photoresist samples and the spectrum of the test photoresist sample; and'}{'b': '108', 'S: establishing a standard curve based on the nth derivative curves and calculating the concentration of the test photoresist sample.'}2102. The method for measuring the concentration of a photoresist in a stripping liquid of claim 1 , wherein in step S claim 1 , photoresist is coated on a glass claim 1 , an exposure process claim 1 , a developing process and an etching process are performed claim 1 , and a stripping process is simulated in a beaker by stripping the photoresist with a target weight ...

UV LIGHT EMITTING DIODE AS LIGHT SOURCE IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-UV ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

An apparatus for analyzing a sample, including a sample receiving device, a gas chromatograph and a spectrophotometer, said spectrophotometer including a UV Light Emitting Diode as the light source, an elongated chamber and a detector. The UV light source is arranged to illuminate sample substances conducted through the chamber, and the detector is arranged to identify sample substances by UV absorption spectroscopy. 1. An apparatus for analyzing a sample , comprising a sample receiving device , a gas chromatograph and a least one spectrophotometer , said spectrophotometer comprising a LED UV light source , at least one elongated chamber and at least one detector , wherein at least one LED UV light source is arranged for illumination of sample substances conducted through the chamber , and wherein the detector is arranged for identification of sample substances by UV absorption spectroscopy , wherein the apparatus comprises LED UV light source that is a Light Emitting Diode , a LED , with a spectral range emitting shorter wavelengths than visible light from 120 to 390 nm.2. An apparatus for analyzing a sample , comprising a sample receiving device , a gas chromatograph and a spectrophotometer , said spectrophotometer comprising a LED UV light source , where the LED is in close proximity to the optical fiber to allow light to enter directly in to the optical fiber without any focusing device , an elongated chamber and a detector , wherein the LED UV light source is arranged for illumination of sample substances conducted through the chamber , and wherein the detector is arranged for identification of sample substances by UV absorption spectroscopy , wherein the apparatus comprises LED UV light source that is at least one Light Emitting Diode , a LED , with a spectral range emitting shorter wavelengths than visible light from 120 to 390 nm.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the light source utilizes sub wave lengths below 390 nm from a broad spectrum ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING SUN PROTECTION FACTOR OF SUNSCREEN FORMULATIONS IN VITRO

Systems and methods for predicting a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in vitro, such as by spectral/image analysis, of a sunscreen formulation are described. 1. A system for generating an ultraviolet (UV) absorption analysis comprising:a skin tissue phantom impregnated with a marker configured to absorb UV light and generate a detectable signal in response to absorbing the UV light;an interrogator configured to generate interrogation data based on the detectable signal generated by the marker in response to the UV light absorbed by the marker; andan analyzer communicatively coupled to the interrogator and configured to receive the interrogation data from the interrogator, wherein the analyzer is configured to generate the UV absorption analysis based at least in part on the interrogation data.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the interrogator includes:a photo-detection housing configured to house the skin tissue phantom within the photo-detection housing;a UV light source configured to emit illumination UV light onto the skin tissue phantom; anda photodetector configured to generate the interrogation data based on the detectable signal.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the photo-detection housing is configured to prevent light from outside of the photo-detection housing from entering an interior of the photo-detection housing.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising an illumination UV filter configured to absorb a first portion of the illumination UV light and allow a second portion of the illumination UV light to pass through to the skin tissue phantom.5. The system of claim 4 , a second illumination UV filter configured to absorb a third portion of the illumination UV light different from the first portion of illumination UV light and allow a fourth portion of the illumination UV light different from the second portion of the illumination UV light to pass through to the skin tissue phantom.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the first illumination UV filter and ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUBJECTING A FLYING INSECT TO LETHAL RADIATION

A device for subjecting a flying insect to lethal radiation. The device has a measurement beam source for producing a measurement beam, a deflection unit for deflecting the measurement beam, a lethal radiation source for producing a lethal beam and a measurement beam detector. The measurement detector has a photodetector element, the deflection unit and the measurement beam detector are arranged and cooperate such that the measurement beam sweeps the detector surface of the measurement beam detector. The device includes an evaluation unit connected to the measurement detector and the lethal light source to determine an attenuation time period of an attenuation of the measurement beam between the deflection unit and the detector surface and to control the lethal light source depending on said attenuation time to emit a lethal beam impulse. A method for subjecting a flying insect to lethal radiation is also provided. 1. A device for subjecting a flying insect to exterminating radiation , the device comprising:{'b': '1', 'a unit beam source () for generating a measurement beam,'}{'b': '8', 'a deflection unit () for deflecting the measurement beam,'}{'b': '2', 'an exterminating beam source () for generating an exterminating beam,'}{'b': 6', '7, 'a measurement beam detector having a photodetector element (, ),'}{'b': 8', '1, 'i': 'a', 'the deflection unit () and the measurement beam detector are arranged and configured to interact with one another such that the measurement beam () scans a detector surface of the measurement beam detector, and'}{'b': 4', '8, 'an evaluation unit () connected to the measurement beam detector and the exterminating light source that is configured to ascertain an attenuation duration of an attenuation of the measurement beam between the deflection unit () and the detector surface and to actuate the exterminating light source so as to output an exterminating beam pulse based on the attenuation duration.'}267. The device as claimed in claim 1 , ...

Infusion Set And Spectroscopic Analyzer For Analysis Of Pharmaceuticals

An infusion set and an intravenous bag adapter constructed of ultraviolet transmissive thermoplastic are used in spectroscopic validation of pharmaceuticals. The described hardware allows for qualitative and quantitative assurance of medications and is used to prevent medication errors. The thermoplastic is transmissive in the range below 315 nanometers. In one embodiment, the invention comprises a spectrometer and a test chamber that are unaffected by the presence of ambient light. The spectrometer includes an unshielded slot or receptacle into which the test chamber is easily fitted. This embodiment can function well in drug diversion programs for which unused post-op narcotics can be tested. 1. A system for use in spectroscopically testing an IV fluid , comprising:a source of IV fluid;a testing chamber for receiving the IV fluid from the source and for holding the fluid during spectroscopic testing, wherein the chamber comprises a translucent material that is transmissive of ultraviolet light; and,a receptacle for directly receiving and for holding the chamber during testing, and also adapted so that during testing the chamber in the receptacle is substantially unshielded from ambient light.2. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the testing chamber is substantially transmissive of ultraviolet light having a wavelength equal to or less than 315 nanometers.3. The invention of claim 2 , wherein the testing chamber is comprised of a thermoplastic.4. The invention of claim 3 , wherein the thermoplastic is a polycyclic polyolefin.5. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the testing chamber is substantially transmissive of ultraviolet light having a wavelength equal to or less than 315 nanometers and is comprised of a thermoplastic. This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of, and claims the benefit of the filing date of, application Ser. No. 13/947,772, filed Jul. 22, 2013, Publication No. 2015/0021494, published Jan. 22, 2015.This invention relates to the ...

CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE OIL BY ULTRAVIOLET VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY

A system and a method for calculating the cetane number, pour point, cloud point and aniline point of a gas oil fraction of crude oil from the density and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy of a sample of the crude oil. 1. A system for determining indicative properties of a gas oil fraction of a crude oil , based upon ultraviolet visible spectroscopy data derived from a sample of the crude oil and the weight and density of the sample , the system comprising:a non-volatile memory device that stores calculation modules and data;a processor coupled to the memory;a first calculation module that calculates a crude oil ultraviolet visible index value for the gas oil fraction based on the sample's weight and the absorbance values of the spectroscopy data;a second calculation module that derives the cetane number for the gas oil fraction of the crude oil as a function of the ultraviolet visible index and density of the sample;a third calculation module that derives the pour point for the gas oil fraction of the crude oil as a function of the ultraviolet visible index and density of the sample;a fourth calculation module that derives the cloud point for the gas oil fraction of the crude oil as a function of the ultraviolet visible index and density of the sample; anda fifth calculation module that derives the aniline point for the gas oil fraction of the crude oil as a function of the ultraviolet visible index and density of the sample.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gas oil fraction boils in the nominal range of 180-370° C.3. A method for operating a computer to determine indicative properties of a gas oil fraction of crude oil boiling in the range of 180-370° C. based upon a sample of the crude oil collected from an oil well claim 1 , stabilizer claim 1 , extractor claim 1 , or distillation tower claim 1 , the method comprising:weighing the sample;preparing said sample for ultraviolet visible spectroscopy analysis by diluting the sample with solvents;obtaining spectra ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF A BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE AND RELATED KIT

A method for determining the antioxidant power of a sample of a biological fluid or a food is provided. The method involves contacting the sample to be tested with an aqueous solution of palladium nanoparticles, an oxidizing agent, and a chromogenic peroxidase substrate, and detecting the colour of the final solution thus obtained. The colour intensity of the solution is proportional to the antioxidant power of the sample. A kit for carrying out the method is also provided. 1. A method for determining the antioxidant power of a sample of a biological fluid or a food , the method comprising:contacting the sample with an aqueous solution of palladium nanoparticles, an oxidizing agent, and a chromogenic peroxidase substrate; anddetecting colour intensity of a final solution thereby obtained, the colour intensity being proportional to the antioxidant power of the sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic peroxidase substrate is 3 claim 1 ,3′ claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the palladium nanoparticles have a diameter ranging from 0.1 nm to 1000 nm.517. The method claim 1 , wherein the final solution is prepared in a buffer solution having a pH comprised between and .6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colour intensity of the final solution is detected by the naked eye.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colour intensity of the final solution is detected by UV-visible spectroscopy.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the colour intensity of the final solution is detected by measuring absorbance at a wavelength between about 600 and 700 nm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of: saliva claim 1 , blood claim 1 , sweat claim 1 , and urine.101. The method of claim claim 1 , wherein the food is a fruit juice.11. A kit for determining the antioxidant power of a sample of a ...

Method for the non-destructive testing of workpiece surfaces

Disclosed is a method for the non-destructive testing of workpiece surfaces of a workpiece by means of fluorescent penetrant testing or dye penetrant testing. The method comprises applying a penetrant to the region of the workpiece surface to be examined, thereby allowing the penetrant to penetrate into possible recesses in the workpiece surface, applying a developer to the region of the workpiece surface to be tested; bleaching the penetrant by a gaseous or liquid oxidant; and visually assessing the penetrant that has remained in the recesses present in the workpiece surface.

CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT DEVICE

A concentration measuring device comprises: a measurement cell having a flow path, a light source , a photodetector for detecting light emitted from the measurement cell, and an arithmetic circuit for calculating light absorbance and concentration of a fluid to be measured on the basis of an output of the photodetector, the measurement cell includes a cell body, a window portion fixed to the cell body so as to contact the flow path, and a reflective member for reflecting light incident on the measurement cell through the window portion, the window portion is fixed to the cell body by a window holding member via a gasket , an annular sealing protrusion is provided on a first surface of the gasket for supporting the window portion, and an annular sealing protrusion is also provided on a support surface of the cell body for supporting the second surface opposite to the first surface of the gasket. 1. A concentration measurement device comprising: a measurement cell having a flow path for flowing a fluid to be measured; a light source for emitting incident light to the measurement cell; a photodetector for detecting light emitted from the measurement cell; and an arithmetic circuit for calculating absorbance and concentration of the fluid to be measured on the basis of an output from the photodetector , whereinthe measurement cell includes a cell body, a window portion fixed to the cell body so as to contact the flow path, and a reflecting member disposed opposite to the window portion across the flow path, the reflecting member reflecting light incident on the measurement cell through the window portion from the light source and reflecting the light from the measurement cell through the window portion,the window portion is fixed to the cell body by a window holding member via a gasket, anda sealing annular protrusion is provided on a first surface of the gasket for supporting the window portion, an annular sealing protrusion is also provided on the support surface of ...

ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR GEMSTONE IDENTIFICATION

Systems and methods here may be used for capturing and analyzing spectrometer data of multiple sample gemstones on a stage, including mapping digital camera image data of samples, for both reflective and transmission modes. 1. A system for reflectance spectrometer analysis , the system comprising:a computer with a processor and memory, in communication with a spectrometer, a first light source, and a second light source; wherein a first of the bifurcated reflectance subsystem fibers is in communication with the light source and a second of the bifurcated reflectance subsystem fibers is in communication with the spectrometer;', 'wherein the first and second bifurcated reflectance subsystem fibers is approximately 600 μm in diameter and separated by between 0.7 and 1.2 mm as measured from a center of each of the first and second bifurcated reflectance subsystem fibers., 'a bifurcated reflectance subsystem fiber with a probe end mounted on a reflectance subsystem frame configured to allow the reflectance subsystem probe end to raise and lower over a reflectance subsystem stage;'}, 'a reflectance subsystem including,'}2. The system of wherein the reflectance subsystem stage is an evaporating dish configured to hold liquid nitrogen and a sample.3. The system of wherein the reflectance subsystem stage is made of Teflon.4. The system of further comprising a jewelry mount with a base and an arm configured to receive mounted jewelry claim 1 , wherein the arm is made of reflective material.5. The system of wherein the jewelry mount is made of teflon.6. The system of wherein the jewelry mount is made of aluminum.7. The system of wherein the reflectance light source has a wavelength between 190 nm and 2500 nm.8. The system of wherein the reflectance light source is either deuterium and/or tungsten halogen.9. The system of wherein the reflectance light source is at least one of claim 1 , a short wave ultra-violet light emitting diode configured to emit a principal wavelength of ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING LOCAL ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE

One variation of a method for measuring ambient ultraviolet light radiation including: calculating a target direct orientation of a light exposure device based on a location, a current date and time, and a direct solar position model; calculating a target diffuse orientation of the light exposure device based on the location, the current date and time, and a diffuse solar position model; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target direct orientation, recording a direct ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target diffuse orientation, recording a diffuse ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and a target global orientation, recording a global ultraviolet value; and calculating an ultraviolet index based on the global ultraviolet value, the direct ultraviolet value, and the diffuse ultraviolet value. 1. A method for measuring ambient ultraviolet light radiation comprising:accessing a first location of a light exposure device comprising an ultraviolet sensor;calculating a target direct orientation of the light exposure device based on the first location, a current time and date, and a direct solar position model, the ultraviolet sensor approximately normal the Sun when the light exposure device occupies the target direct orientation at approximately the current time;calculating a target diffuse orientation of the light exposure device based on the first location, the current time, and a diffuse solar position model, the ultraviolet sensor biased away from the Sun when the light exposure device occupies the target diffuse orientation at approximately the current time;tracking an orientation of the light exposure device;in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target direct orientation at approximately the current time, recording a ...

METHOD FOR PROCESSING ITEMS AND DEVICE AND USE THEREOF

A device for processing items, in particular items in a production sequence, in different processing steps, has at least one sensor arrangement having a plurality of sensors, wherein at least one item is measured in a detection mode by at least a partial quantity of the sensors as the detection means, wherein an impacting of the at least one item with an irradiation means is determined by a control means while considering a result of the measuring procedure of the at least one item; and wherein the at least one item is irradiated in an irradiation mode by at least a further partial quantity of the plurality of sensors as the irradiation means. If appropriate, at least part of the method is repeated with a renewed measuring, determination and/or irradiation. 1. A method for processing items , the method comprising:measuring at least one item using a partial quantity of sensors associated with at least one sensor arrangement having a plurality of sensors;determining, by a control means, the impacting of the at least one item with an irradiation means while considering a result of the measuring procedure of the at least one item; andirradiating the at least one item by at least a further partial quantity of the plurality of sensors as the irradiation means in an irradiation mode; andif appropriate, repeating at least part of the method.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein before the at least one item is measured claim 1 , a calibration measurement is made claim 1 , in which the sensors which are used claim 1 , are in the detection mode.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in the calibration method all the sensors are in the detection mode.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensors of the arrangement are connected or activated differently such that at least a partial quantity of sensors is operated as the detector means in a detector mode and at least a partial quantity of the sensors is operated as the irradiation means in the irradiation mode.5. The method of claim 1 ...

WEARABLE TO MONITOR EXPOSURE TO UV RADIATION

A wearable or attachable device comprising a UV sensor configured to provide user-specific burn rate times providing an indication to the user when they are exposing themselves to harmful levels of UV radiation. 1. A wearable device to monitor radiation exposure of a wearer of the wearable device , the wearable device comprising:a sensor configured to generate an output based on ultraviolet radiation detected at the sensor;an output device configured to provide an alert to the wearer;a memory configured to store one or more wearer characteristics; and,a processor configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:store, in the memory, information indicative of the ultraviolet radiation detected at the sensor over time;determine a total exposure of the wearer to ultraviolet radiation based on monitoring the output from the sensor;determine, based on the one or more wearer characteristics, whether the total exposure has reached a threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and,cause the output device to provide the alert to the wearer in response to determining that the total exposure has reached the threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more wearer characteristics include a burn rate for the wearer.3. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a heart rate monitor.4. The wearable device of claim 3 , the processor further configured to execute machine readable instructions that cause the processor to:determine, based on a rise in the wearer's heart rate, whether the wearer has reached a heart rate threshold; and,cause the output device to provide the alert to the wearer in response to determining that the heart rate threshold has been reached.5. The wearable device of claim 4 , wherein the alert is indicative of a heat stroke.6. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a gesture control system configured to measure physiological aspects of the wearer.7. ...

LIGHT EMITTING SENSING DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

The invention provides a light emitting sensing device and a manufacturing method thereof. The light emitting sensing device comprises: a non-translucent substrate having a first surface with at least one recess formed on the first surface; a light emitting element disposed in the at least one recess; a light sensing element disposed on the first surface; a first transparent material disposed in the at least one recess and covering the light emitting element; and a second transparent material disposed on the first surface and covering the light sensing element. The light emitting sensing device provided in this embodiment solves the problem in the prior art, the infrared light emitted by the light emitting chip irradiates into the sensing chip and causes the sensing chip to be interfered by the light of the light emitting chip resulting in reduced sensing accuracy. 1. A light emitting sensing device , comprising:a non-translucent substrate, having a first surface with at least one recess formed on the first surface;a light emitting element, being disposed in the at least one recess;a light sensing element, being disposed on the first surface;a first transparent material, being disposed in the at least one recess and covering the light emitting element; anda second transparent material, being disposed on the first surface and covering the light sensing element.2. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein a depth of the recess is 2 to 4 times of a height of the light emitting element.3. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the non-translucent substrate comprises a light absorbing material claim 1 , light reflectance of the non-translucent substrate is 0%-10% claim 1 , and light transmittance of the non-translucent substrate is 0%-5%.4. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting element comprises a light emitting diode for emitting infrared light.5. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SUN SAFETY DEVICE

The sun safety display and dispenser is a rugged outdoor device designed to measure the direct and scattered UV radiation in the atmosphere; to calculate and display a sun safety awareness index warning of the time to skin burn and or potential damage; to provide a personalized sun safety awareness index reading to help the user determine the appropriate SPF sunscreen, manually or automatically; and, to dispense sunscreen generally or by specific SPF as correlated with the user's personalized sun safety awareness index reading. 1. A device for monitoring and displaying solar exposure risk for human skin comprising:{'sup': '2', '(a) two or more light sensing detectors for measuring the instantaneous solar energy density [in (mW/cm)] at a location in proximity to a human subject,'} (i) a computer processor,', '(ii) a computer readable storage device, and', '(iii) a computer program,, '(b) a computer system for calculation of the solar exposure risk, the computer system comprising,'}(c) one or more display monitors,(d) one or more interfaces connecting the light sensing detectors to the computer system,(e) one or more optional interfaces connecting the two or more light sensing detectors, and(f) an interface connecting the computer system to the display monitor,wherein the device displays an instantaneous solar exposure risk for human skin based on the instantaneous solar energy density.2. A device according to wherein at least one of the light sensing detectors is oriented to detect and measure the direct solar energy density and wherein at least one of the light sensing detectors is oriented to detect and measure reflected solar energy density.3. A device according to further comprising a means for continuously moving the light sensing detectors.4. A device according to wherein the means for continuously moving the light sensing detectors moves the detectors in an oscillating motion through a partial circular path of up to about 300 degrees claim 3 , and even a full ...

IMAGING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR SPECIFYING UV EMISSION LOCATION USING SAME

An imaging system includes: an image sensor sensitive to ultraviolet light and visible light; a lens configured to focus light from a subject onto the image sensor; and an image processor configured to process image signals output from the image sensor. The image processor obtains the difference between image signals A and A output from the image sensor at times t1 and t2, respectively. If the differential signal A is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the image processor determines that light from the subject contains the ultraviolet light, and generates an image signal CI based on the differential signal A 1. An imaging system comprising:an image sensor sensitive to ultraviolet light and visible light;a lens configured to focus light from a subject onto the image sensor; andan image processor configured to process image signals output from the image sensor, wherein acquires a differential signal between an image signal output from the image sensor at a first time and an image signal output from the image sensor at a second time,', 'determines that the differential signal contains a signal associated with the ultraviolet light if the differential signal is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and', 'generates a first image signal based on the differential signal., 'the image processor'}2. The imaging system of claim 1 , whereinthe image processor further generates a first composite image signal of the image signal output from the image sensor at the first time and the first image signal or an amplified first image signal.3. The imaging system of claim 1 , further comprising:a focus controller configured to control a position of the lens to adjust a focal length of the lens with respect to light with different wavelengths, whereinthe focus controller controls the position of the lens to match the focal length of the lens to the ultraviolet light at the first and second times, and controls the position of the lens to match the focal length of ...

SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY-COMBINED NITROGEN DETECTOR AND APPLICATION METHOD

Disclosed are a size exclusion chromatography-combined nitrogen detector and an application method thereof, which belong to the field of detection and analysis of water quality. The detector comprises an oxidation system (), a nitrate detection system (), a power supply system (), and a signal processing and control system (), wherein after being separated by size exclusion chromatography, a sample to be detected enters into the oxidation system () to undergo oxidation treatment, and after nitrogenous compound in the sample is converted into nitrate, the sample is detected in the nitrate detection system () by ultraviolet (UV) absorbance method. The power supply system () supplies power to the detector, and the signal processing and control system () is responsible for processing and controlling signals of the oxidation system () and the nitrate detection system (). The detector can achieve quantitative analyses of total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen, has the advantages of easiness in operation, being rich in information, etc. and thereby effectively prevents the problems of relatively large error and negative value resulting from the subtraction calculation in conventional organic nitrogen analysis methods. 11234123412. size exclusion chromatography-combined nitrogen detector , comprising: an oxidation system () , a nitrate detection system () , a power supply system () , and a signal processing and control system () , wherein a sample to be detected is first separated by size exclusion chromatography and then enters into the oxidation system () to undergo oxidation treatment , and after nitrogenous compound in the sample is converted into nitrate , the sample is detected in the nitrate detection system (); the power supply system () supplies power to the detector; and the signal processing and control system () is configured to process and control signals of the oxidation system () and the nitrate detection system ().21101103. ...

METHOD TO DETERMINE TRACE AMOUNTS OF CRUDE OIL BY SPECTROSCOPIC ABSORPTION

The present invention relates to a method for determining trace amounts of crude oil in water, including the steps of collecting a sample of an oil-containing fluid, adding a toluene extraction volume to the sample, perturbing the sample, dissolving substantially all of the amount of oil in the toluene extraction volume to create a mixed sample, extracting the mixed sample to create an oil-in-toluene layer and an aqueous fluid layer, removing a portion of the oil-in-toluene layer into a dilution container, diluting the portion of the oil-in-toluene layer with a toluene dilution volume to create a dilute sample, measuring an absorption value of the dilute sample using a spectrophotometer, and comparing the absorption value to a calibration curve to quantify the amount of oil in the oil-containing fluid. 1. A method for determining trace amounts of crude oil in an oil-containing fluid within a core sample , the method comprising the steps of:removing at least a portion of the oil-containing fluid from the core sample to create a sample of oil-containing fluid, wherein the oil-containing fluid comprises an amount of oil and an aqueous fluid;adding a toluene extraction volume to the sample;perturbing the sample, wherein the toluene extraction volume contacts the oil-containing fluid;dissolving substantially all of the amount of oil in the toluene extraction volume to create a mixed sample;extracting the mixed sample to create an oil-in-toluene layer and an aqueous fluid layer;removing a pre-defined portion of the oil-in-toluene layer into a dilution container;diluting the pre-defined portion of the oil-in-toluene layer with a toluene dilution volume to create a dilute sample;measuring an absorption value of the dilute sample using a spectrophotometer; andcomparing the absorption value to a calibration curve to quantify the amount of oil in the oil-containing fluid.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of separating the mixed sample to separate the oil- ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PHASE ANGLE AND/OR THE THICKNESS OF A CONTAMINATION LAYER AT AN OPTICAL ELEMENT AND EUV LITHOGRAPHY APPARATUS

A method and associated EUV lithography apparatus for determining the phase angle at a free interface () of an optical element () provided with a multilayer coating () that reflects EUV radiation and/or for determining the thickness (d) of a contamination layer () formed on the multilayer coating (). The multilayer coating () is irradiated with EUV radiation, a photocurrent (I) generated during the irradiation is measured, and the phase angle at the free interface () and/or the thickness (d) of the contamination layer () is determined on the basis of a predefined relationship between the phase angle and/or the thickness (d) and the measured photocurrent (I). The measured photocurrent (I) is generated from the entire wavelength and angle-of-incidence distribution of the EUV radiation impinging on the multilayer coating (). 1. A method for determining a phase angle (φ-φ) at a free interface of an optical element provided with a multilayer coating that reflects EUV radiation and/or for determining a thickness (d) of a contamination layer formed on the multilayer coating , comprising:irradiating the multilayer coating with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation,measuring a photocurrent generated during the irradiation, and{'sub': G', 'G*', 'G', 'G*, 'determining the phase angle (φ-φ) at a free interface and/or the thickness of the contamination layer in accordance with a predefined relationship between the phase angle (φ-φ) and/or the thickness (d) and the measured photocurrent,'}wherein the measured photocurrent is generated over an entire wavelength and angle-of-incidence distribution of the EUV radiation impinging on the multilayer coating.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising calibrating the predefined relationship between the phase angle (φ-φ) at the free interface and the photocurrent and/or between the thickness (d) of the contamination layer and the photocurrent during a time period in which the optical element is not irradiated with the EUV ...

ULTRAVIOLET SEMICONDUCTOR SENSOR DEVICE AND METHOD OF MEASURING ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

A photodiode () and a further photodiode () are arranged in a substrate () at or near a main surface (). The photodiodes are formed and arranged in such a manner that in case of incident ultraviolet radiation () the electric signal from the photodiode () is larger than the further electric signal from the further photodiode (). In particular, the first photodiode may be more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation than the further photodiode. The electric signal from the photodiode is attenuated by the further electric signal and thus yields an electric signal primarily measuring the incident ultraviolet radiation. The attenuation of the electric signal from the first photodiode may be achieved internally using an integrated circuit () or externally using a separate device. 1. A semiconductor sensor device , comprising:a semiconductor substrate having a main surface;a photodiode arranged in the substrate at or near the main surface, the photodiode generating an electric signal in response to incident radiation;a further photodiode arranged in the substrate at or near the main surface, the further photodiode generating a further electric signal in response to the incident radiation;the photodiode and the further photodiode being formed and arranged in such a manner that in case of incident ultraviolet radiation the electric signal from the photodiode is larger than the further electric signal from the further photodiode; andthe electric signal from the photodiode being attenuated by the further electric signal and thus yielding an electric signal primarily measuring the incident ultraviolet radiation.2. The semiconductor sensor device of claim 1 , whereinthe attenuation comprises a subtraction of the further electric signal generated by the further photodiode from the electric signal generated by the photodiode.3. The semiconductor sensor device of claim 1 , further comprising:an integrated circuit in the substrate, the integrated circuit being provided to attenuate the ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT FLAME DETECTOR

A flame detector includes an ultraviolet (UV) sensor to detect UV radiation emitted by a flame; a testing apparatus to periodically test function of the flame detector. The testing apparatus includes a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter to emit a test signal and a mirror to reflect the test signal emitted from the UVLED emitter to the UV sensor. A method of testing an ultraviolet (UV) flame detector includes transmitting a test signal from a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter. The test signal is reflected toward a UV sensor of the flame detector, and the test signal received at the UV sensor is evaluated. 1. A flame detector comprising:an ultraviolet (UV) sensor to detect UV radiation emitted by a flame; and a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter to emit a test signal; and', 'a mirror to reflect the test signal emitted from the UVLED emitter to the UV sensor., 'a testing apparatus to periodically test function of the flame detector, including2. The flame detector of claim 1 , further comprising a UV window interposed between the mirror and the UV sensor claim 1 , the test signal reflected off the mirror and through the UV window.3. The flame detector of claim 2 , wherein the UV window is interposed between the UVLED emitter and the mirror claim 2 , the test signal emitted from the UV emitter transmitted through the UV window to the mirror.4. The flame detector of claim 2 , wherein the UV sensor claim 2 , the UVLED emitter and the UV window are disposed at a common housing.5. The flame detector of claim 1 , wherein the UVLED emitter transmits the test signal at a wavelength between 220 nM and 240 nM.6. The flame detector of claim 1 , wherein the UV sensor is a photocell.7. The flame detector of claim 1 , where the UVLED emitter is devoid of radioactive materials.8. A method of testing an ultraviolet (UV) flame detector comprising:transmitting a test signal from a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter;reflecting the test signal toward a UV sensor of the ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PROPERTY OF A HETEROGENEOUS MEDIUM

A method of determining a property of a heterogeneous medium in motion comprising at least two phases is provided. A light beam is made small in relation to a part of the medium for which a property is to be determined and the bandwidth of the measurement signal is sufficiently high for distinguishing time periods for the measurement signal which are related to the part of the medium for which a property is to be determined. By using the measurement signal for determining the property of the part of the medium for which a property is to be determined for time periods for the measurement signal which are related to that part of the medium, and determining the property by a mathematical calculation using the measurement signal corresponding to that part of the medium, the properties of individual parts of the medium can be determined. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the property to be determined is any of the following: a chemical composition claim 1 , brightness claim 1 , and colour.3. The method according to claim 1 , the part of the medium for which a property is to be determined is the liquid phase of a fibre suspension4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the property to be determined is the concentration of dissolved lignin.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the wavelength of the measurement signal is in the UV range and preferably at 280 nm.6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the measurement can preferably be made by combining a measurement of UV light within the absorption range of lignin and infrared (IR) light in a wavelength range without influence of chemical composition7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the part of the medium for which a property is to be determined is fibre material claim 1 , preferably during refining of wooden chips to pulp.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the property to be determined is the moisture content in the fibre material.9. The method according to claim 1 , ...

METHOD, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING A SKIN SURFACE CONDITION

An electronic device including a processor configured to receive a first radiation measurement and determine a skin surface condition information based on the first radiation measurement. 1. Electronic device , comprising a processor configured to:receive a first radiation measurement; anddetermine a skin surface condition information based on the first radiation measurement.2. Electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured toreceive a second radiation measurement,wherein the skin surface condition information is determined based on the first radiation measurement and the second radiation measurement.3. Electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured so that determining the skin surface condition information includes:determining a skin type parameter of a user by comparing the first radiation measurement to a reference radiation measurement.4. Electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the processor is configured so thatthe first radiation measurement corresponds to a radiation reflected from a location on a user's skin before or after applying sun cream to a surrounding area of the user's skin surrounding the location on the user's skin;the second radiation measurement corresponds to an ambient radiation; andthe skin surface condition information is a time period, a required sun protection factor and/or a required amount of sun cream and/or a user information to stop sunbathing.5. Electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the processor is configured so thatthe first radiation measurement corresponds to a radiation reflected from a location on a user's skin before or after applying sun cream to a surrounding area of the user's skin surrounding the location on the user's skin; andthe second radiation measurement corresponds to an ambient radiation; and wherein determining a skin type parameter of a user by comparing the first radiation measurement to a reference radiation measurement; and', 'determining a time period by ...

IN-LINE COMPACT MEASURING DEVICE

The present disclosure relates to an in-line compact measuring device, for example for optical measurements, comprising a housing having a process connection intended to be connected to a process vessel connection complementary to the process connection; at least one sensor assembly arranged in the housing; and a measuring circuit that is connected to the sensor assembly and is arranged in the housing. The in-line compact measuring device has at least one fluid line in thermally conductive contact with at least one housing wall of the housing, which fluid line can be connected to a cooling fluid supply arranged outside the housing. 1. An in-line compact measuring device , comprising:a housing having a process connection embodied to be connected to a process vessel connection complementary to the process connection;a sensor assembly arranged in the housing;a measuring circuit connected to the sensor assembly and arranged in the housing; anda fluid line in thermally conductive contact with at least one housing wall of the housing, wherein the fluid line can be connected to a cooling fluid supply arranged outside the housing.2. The in-line compact measuring device according to claim 1 ,wherein the sensor assembly includes a radiation source arranged in the housing and a radiation receiver arranged in the housing, andwherein the radiation source and the radiation receiver are connected to the measuring circuit.3. The in-line compact measuring device according to claim 2 , further comprising:at least one measurement window integrated in a wall of the housing.4. The in-line compact measuring device according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluid line is a fluid channel integrated in the housing.5. The in-line compact measuring device according to claim 1 ,wherein an electronics compartment is formed in the housing and extends from a first end of the housing in a direction of the process connection,wherein the measuring circuit is arranged in the electronics compartment, ...

BLOCKING ELEMENT OF SHORT WAVELENGTHS IN LED-TYPE LIGHT SOURCES

Method, product and blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources consisting of a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface and, in that said pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm in a range between 1 and 99%. 1. Blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources characterized in that it consists of a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface and , in that said pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm in a range between 1 and 99%.2. Blocking element according to consisting of a multilayer substrate wherein at least one of said layers contains the blocking pigment of short wavelengths distributed over the surface of said layer.3. Blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the substrate is a coating containing a pigment in the entire coating.4. Blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the coating is one selected from gel claim 3 , foam claim 3 , emulsion claim 3 , solution claim 3 , dilution or a combination of the above.5. Blocking element according to any of - wherein the pigment is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate.6. Blocking method of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (i) selecting the mean optical density of a pigment and (ii) pigmenting a substrate over its entire surface in such a way that the mean absorbance is between 1% and 99% in the range of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm.7. Method according to where the selection of the optical density is based on at least one of the following parameters: age of a user of LED-type light source claim 6 , separation distance to the LED-type light source claim 6 , size of the LED-type light source claim 6 , exposure time to the light source by the user claim 6 , ambient lighting of the ...

Radiation sensors

In accordance with at least one aspect of this disclosure, an ultraviolet radiation (UV) sensor includes a UV sensitive material and a first electrode and a second electrode connected in series through the UV sensitive material such that UV radiation can reach the UV sensitive material. The UV sensitive material can include at least one of zinc tin oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium zinc oxide, or zinc oxide. The electrodes can be interdigitated comb electrodes.

Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy System And Method

An efficient absorption spectroscopy system is provided. The spectroscopy system may be configured to measure solid, liquid or gaseous samples. Vacuum ultra-violet wavelengths may be utilized. Some of the disclosed techniques can be used for detecting the presence of trace concentrations of gaseous species. A preferable gas flow cell is disclosed. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used with a gas chromatography system so as to detect and identify species eluted from the column. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used in conjunction with an electrospray interface and a liquid chromatography system so as to detect and identify gas phase ions of macromolecules produced from solution. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used to characterize chemical reactions. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used in conjunction with an ultra short-path length sample cell to measure liquids. 1. A system for analyzing gas , comprising: a gas chromatography column, the gas chromatography column configured to provide at least one gas analyte to be analyzed;', 'a gas flow cell coupled to the gas chromatography column so as to receive a flow of the analyte from the gas chromatography column;', 'a light source which includes at least VUV light or less wavelengths, the light source optically coupled to the gas flow cell, the light source optically coupled to the gas flow cell in a manner that allows VUV light to enter the gas flow cell; and', 'a first detector optically coupled to the gas flow cell, the gas flow cell configured to pass VUV light from the light source through a detection space of the gas flow cell to the detector to enable the detector to detect a property of the analyte; and, 'a first gas analysis system, the first gas analysis system comprising a gas chromatography system, the gas chromatography system comprisinga second gas analysis system coupled to the first gas analysis system, the second gas analysis system coupled to the first gas analysis system ...

METHODS FOR GUIDING PERSONAL LIMIT SELECTION IN UV DOSIMETRY

A computer executable method that can be stored in a memory, the method including: visually presenting on a display of a user device a history of UV dose that was calculated based on information sensed by a UV sensor in a wearable UV sensing device; visually presenting a percentile indicator on the display, the percentile indicator being indicative of a calculated percentile of the history of UV dose; and visually presenting on the display a user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface that is adapted to allow the user to interact with the user-adjustable UV dose interface and choose a user-chosen UV dose threshold quantity. 1. A computer executable method adapted to be stored in a memory , comprising:visually presenting on a display of a user device a history of UV dose that was calculated based on information sensed by a UV sensor in a wearable UV sensing device;visually presenting a percentile indicator on the display, the percentile indicator being indicative of a calculated percentile of the history of UV dose; andvisually presenting on the display a user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface that is adapted to allow the user to interact with the user-adjustable UV dose interface and choose a user-chosen UV dose threshold quantity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the history of UV dose is visually presented in graph form.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the percentile indicator is visually overlaid with the history of UV dose.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface is visually overlaid with the history of UV dose.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the percentile indicator is overlaid with the user-adjustable UV dose threshold and the history of UV dose.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the percentile indicator indicates to the user doses on the history of UV dose that are at least one of at or above the calculated percentile.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface is ...

PROTECTIVE PRODUCT REPORTING SYSTEM

A reporting system includes a mobile computing device that wirelessly communicates with one or more sensors to track the use of a protective product. Reports are provided on the mobile computing device to remind and motivate a user of the protective product to use it at times most beneficial for receiving the intended protection from it. 2. The system of wherein said protective product is selected from the group consisting of sun screen dispenser claim 1 , moisturizer dispenser claim 1 , toothpaste dispenser claim 1 , tooth floss dispenser claim 1 , soap dispenser claim 1 , makeup remover dispenser claim 1 , drink dispenser claim 1 , hat claim 1 , sunglasses claim 1 , umbrella claim 1 , footwear claim 1 , clothing and safety apparel.3. The system of wherein said sensors are selected from the group consisting of accelerometer claim 1 , contact switch claim 1 , button and pressure transducer.4. The system of wherein said sensors are attached to the protective product in such a manner that when the protective product is used said sensors detect said usage of said protective product.5. The system of wherein said accelerometer is attached to said protective product so that when forces consistent with said usage of said protective product are applied to said protective product and attached said accelerometer then said processor detects acceleration and infers said usage of said protective product.6. The system of wherein during computation of said algorithms the UV level is used as an input parameter to said algorithms.7. The system of wherein said reports include one or more reports of effective skin ageing saved claim 6 , calculated from the amount of UV insolation received and the reduction in UV intensity provided by said protective product.8. The system of wherein said UV level is measured by one or more UV sensors connected to said processor.9. The system of wherein said UV level is obtained by the mobile computing device from a remote server such as the Bureau of ...

UV Irradiance Sensor With Improved Cosine Response

A sensor housing and cosine diffuser are provided for the detection and measurement of ultraviolet (UV) irradiance. The cosine diffuser has a tiered structure to efficiently receive and transmit incident light that passes over and/or through the sensor housing structure. The sensor housing structure can be configured to have an irregular, serrated, castellated, and or repeating prong and/or tooth sequence to form a cutoff comb, through which incident light is attenuated. The attenuation of light in turn reduces measurement error caused when too much or too little incident light, relative to the actual intensity and irradiance of ambient incident light, reaches and transmits through a cosine diffuser due to the variation of the zenith angle of incident light over the course of a day. 1. An ultraviolet (UV) sensor system , comprising:a sensor housing, where the sensor housing is formed of a sensor housing molding having an upper opening; anda cosine diffuser, where the cosine diffuser is situated within the upper opening of the sensor housing molding.2. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to claim 1 , wherein the cosine diffuser further comprises:a high-angle tier, through which incident light enters the cosine diffuser at a first range of zenith angles;a low-angle tier, through which incident light enters the cosine diffuser at a second range of zenith angles;a base tier, though which incident light enters the cosine diffuser at third range of zenith angles; anda sensor cavity, though which light which has entered the cosine diffuser egresses from the cosine diffuser.3. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to claim 2 , wherein the first range of zenith angles at which incident light enters the high-angle tier is about 90° or less.4. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to claim 2 , wherein the second range of zenith angles at which incident light enters the low-angle tier is about 75° or less.5. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTION OF COUNTERFEIT PHARMACEUTICALS AND/OR DRUG PACKAGING

Featured are a device () and method for the detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals and/or packaging therefore. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are detected by visual inspection upon exposing a suspected counterfeit pharmaceutical to one or more light sources having different wavelengths, and observing the differences in color and/or brightness between the suspected counterfeit and a genuine pharmaceutical/packaging. In further embodiments, a image acquisition device acquires an image showing color and/or other visual effect(s) brightness of the suspect counterfeit and this image is compared to an image of a authentic pharmaceutical/packaging. 1. A device for detecting a counterfeit pharmaceutical product , comprising:a plurality of light sources configured to emit light at a plurality of different wavelengths onto an object potentially including a suspect product;at least one image acquisition device; anda display for observing at least the image of the illuminated object.2. The device of further comprising a housing and wherein the plurality of light sources and the at least one image acquisition device are coupled to the housing so that the plurality of light sources and the at least one image acquisition device are maintained in fixed relation to each other while the object is being illuminated.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a light source control device for controlling respective ones of the light sources.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a communication device configured so as to allow communications between the detection device and a device that is external to the detection device.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises two image acquisition devices.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein said image acquisition device includes a filter.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said image acquisition device is a CCD array.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of light sources is configured so as to ...

LIGHT RECEIVER AND PORTABLE ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

There is provided a light receiver which corrects measurement of ultraviolet rays on the basis of measurement of visible right and infrared rays. The light receiver is a light receiver () including a first light-receiving element (PD) and a second light-receiving element (PD), and a UV cutoff filter () in which transmittance of light in an ultraviolet region is lower, in which light after passage through the UV cutoff filter () enters the first light-receiving element (PD), and the first light-receiving element (PD) and the second light-receiving element (PD) are switchable between a photodiode (PD_uv) having sensitivity to the ultraviolet region and a photodiode (PD_clear) having sensitivity to a visible light region and an infrared region. Unevenness in incident light is calculated from photocurrents in photodiodes (PD_ir+PD_vis) of the first light-receiving element (PD) and the second light-receiving element (PD). 1. A light receiver comprising:first and second light-receiving elements that each feed a photocurrent in accordance with intensity of incident light; andan optical filter in which transmittance of light in a first wavelength range is lower than transmittance of light outside the first wavelength range, whereinthe incident light after passage through the optical filter enters the first light-receiving element,the first and second light-receiving elements are arranged adjacent to each other and are switchable between a first state with sensitivity to light in the first wavelength range and a second state with sensitivity to light outside the first wavelength range, anda ratio between a first value that is a sum of photocurrents in the first and second light-receiving elements in the second state and a second value that is a photocurrent in the first or second light-receiving element in the second state is calculated as a value of unevenness in the incident light.2. The light receiver according to claim 1 , whereinthe first light-receiving element and the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING DIESEL VEHICLE EMISSIONS BASED ON BIG DATA OF REMOTE SENSING

The present disclosure provides a system and method for monitoring diesel vehicle emissions based on big data of remote sensing. The monitoring system includes a vehicle remote sensing data monitoring platform, a host computer, an emission remote sensing instrument, a vehicle driving state monitor, an information display screen and a license plate camera. The emission remote sensing instrument is used to acquire information of a pollutant in an exhaust plume. The vehicle driving state monitor is used to acquire a vehicle speed and acceleration. The license plate camera is used to capture license plate information. The host computer is used to process and calculate vehicle cycle and emission information. The vehicle remote sensing data monitoring platform is used to determine a high-emission vehicle, and pre-store information of all diesel vehicles, different driving cycle bins of each type of diesel vehicles and high-emission thresholds set for different bins. 1. A system for monitoring diesel vehicle emissions based on big data of remote sensing , comprising: a vehicle remote sensing data monitoring platform , a host computer , an emission remote sensing instrument , a vehicle driving state monitor , an information display screen and a license plate camera , wherein the emission remote sensing instrument , the vehicle driving state monitor , the information display screen and the license plate camera are all connected to the host computer; the host computer is connected to the vehicle remote sensing data monitoring platform via the Internet;the emission remote sensing instrument is used to acquire information of a pollutant in an exhaust plume of a vehicle under inspection;the vehicle driving state monitor is used to acquire a speed and an acceleration of the vehicle under inspection;the information display screen is used to display relevant information of the vehicle under inspection;the license plate camera is used to capture license plate information of the ...

Method For Determining In-Situ Suspended Sediment Properties

A method for determining in situ and in real time at least one suspended sediment property in a medium, the suspended sediment comprising a mineral and an organic fraction. The method comprises the steps of (a) measuring light absorbance with a submersible ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer being configured to analyse to analyse light absorbance at wavelengths which are comprised between 220 nm and 730 nm and of (b) correlating the light absorbance to the properties of the suspended sediment, in various instances by using the Beer-Lambert's law. The method is remarkable in that the step (b) is performed by using one model calibrated for deriving the properties of the suspended sediment from the light absorbance. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for determining in situ and in real time at least one suspended sediment property in a medium , the suspended sediment comprising a mineral and an organic fraction , said method comprising the following steps:a) analyzing light absorbance with a submersible ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer being configured to analyze light absorbance at wavelengths that are between 220 nm and 730 nm; andb) correlating the light absorbance to the properties of the suspended sediment, wherein,the step (b) is performed by using one model calibrated for deriving the properties of the suspended sediment from the light absorbance.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the step (b) of correlating the light absorbance to the properties of the suspended sediment is performed by using the Beer-Lambert's law.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the model has been calibrated from at least one predictor variable obtained through ex situ physico-chemical analysis of the suspended sediment or theoretically claim 16 , the step of calibration being performed at least one of at least once before the step (a) and at least once after the step (a).19. The method according to ...

ISOTOPIC MEASURING DEVICE

A measuring method for measuring an isotope ratio of an element present in a material includes a plurality of elements, the method comprising the following steps: a step of applying at least one laser beam to the material so as to generate a plasma, the plasma being able to emit a light spectrum comprising a plurality of spectral lines emitted by the elements of the material; a measuring step able to measure the profile of at least one spectral line of interest emitted by the element of interest, the measuring step comprising carrying out, with a spectrometer, at least one analysis of the light spectrum emitted by the plasma; a processing step able to note in the profile of the spectral line of interest the optimal wavelength corresponding to a point of equilibrium; and a step of determining the isotope ratio depending on the noted optimal wavelength. 1. A method for measuring an isotope ratio of an element of interest present in a material including a plurality of elements , said measuring method comprising the following steps:a step of applying at least one laser beam to the material so as to generate a plasma, said plasma being able to emit a light spectrum comprising a plurality of spectral lines emitted by the elements of the material; anda measuring step carried out consecutively to the applying step and able to measure the profile of at least one spectral line of interest emitted by the element of interest, said measuring step comprising carrying out, with a spectrometer, at least one analysis of the light spectrum emitted by the plasma;wherein the method furthermore comprises:{'sub': 1,2', 'st', 'inst, 'a processing step carried out consecutively to the measuring step and able to establish, depending on the measured profile of the spectral line of interest, the optimal wavelength (λ) corresponding either to the point (P) of stable equilibrium corresponding to the hollow between two bells when the profile has a double-bell self-absorption profile, or to the ...

ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTION FACTOR CALCULATING APPARATUS AND ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTION FACTOR CALCULATING METHOD

The present invention relates to an ultraviolet protection factor calculating apparatus and an ultraviolet protection factor calculating method for calculating an ultraviolet protection factor according to information of a cosmetic without a measurement experiment. The method may comprise the steps of: storing a database including a plurality of cosmetics and ultraviolet protection factors corresponding to the plurality of cosmetics, respectively; on the basis of the database, generating a decision tree in which the cosmetic ingredients included in the plurality of cosmetics are explanatory variables and an ultraviolet protection factor is a dependent variable; receiving an input of information of a cosmetic; and outputting the ultraviolet protection factor of the cosmetic, the information of which has been input, according to the decision tree.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING LOCAL ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE

One variation of a method for measuring ambient ultraviolet light radiation including: calculating a target direct orientation of a light exposure device based on a location, a current date and time, and a direct solar position model; calculating a target diffuse orientation of the light exposure device based on the location, the current date and time, and a diffuse solar position model; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target direct orientation, recording a direct ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target diffuse orientation, recording a diffuse ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and a target global orientation, recording a global ultraviolet value; and calculating an ultraviolet index based on the global ultraviolet value, the direct ultraviolet value, and the diffuse ultraviolet value. 1. A method comprising:tracking an orientation of a mobile device comprising an ultraviolet sensor configured to detect intensity of incident ultraviolet radiation;in response to the orientation of the mobile device falling within a target global orientation window at a first time, storing a first value read from the ultraviolet sensor at approximately the first time as a first global ultraviolet value; andcalculating a first ultraviolet index proximal a first location of the mobile device at the first time based on the first global ultraviolet value.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:accessing a set of ultraviolet index curves, each ultraviolet index curve defining a series of ultraviolet indices as a function of time;selecting a first ultraviolet index curve, from the set of ultraviolet index curves, defining a first predicted index value approximating the first ultraviolet index, for the first time; andestimating a first ultraviolet exposure at the mobile device by ...

Total nitrogen measurement apparatus

A total nitrogen measurement apparatus comprising an ultraviolet lamp comprising: a light emission section and a holding section for holding the light emission section, the holding section being formed of a material not including iron; a reaction vessel having a space where the light emission section is to be inserted and a sample water is to be contained around the light emission section for converting nitrogen compounds in the sample water contained in the reaction vessel into nitrate ions by oxidative decomposition using ultraviolet rays from the light emission section; and a measurement section configured to perform absorbance measurement on the sample water including the nitrate ions.

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR IMPROVED SIGNAL DETECTION FROM BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

Methods and devices are provided to provide clean signals even in the presence of spectral interference. At least some of these methods can be applied for cases when interfering signals are to be accounted for. These cases include, but are not limited to, hemolysis detection, icterus detection, and assays. They can be implemented in with data collected with spectrophotometers, instruments that can collect absorbance values at the few wavelengths of interest, and, in the case of the method based on background subtraction, simple imaging setups with only two filters (such as but not limited to narrow-band and wide-band) per absorption peak of interest. 1. (canceled)2. A method for use with a biological sample , the method comprising:using peak curvature to reduce interference in quantification of hemolysis in the biological sample.3. A method for use with a biological sample , the method comprising:using background subtraction in detection of hemolysis and icterus in the biological sample.4. (canceled)5. A method for use with a biological sample , the method comprising:acquiring background-subtracted signals using a narrow-band optical filter and a wide-band optical filter;using background-subtracted signals for quantification of hemolysis and icterus in the biological sample.6. The method of further comprising:placing the narrow-band optical filter and the wide-band optical filter in regions of interest concurrently so that only one exposure is needed to obtain the major signal, the background signal, and the background-subtracted signal.7. The method of further comprising reducing signal interference through calculation of background-subtracted spectra.814-. (canceled) Hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia are indicated by different features in the absorption spectra of some detection systems and may interfere with one another in a negative manner. The detection/quantification of each of these interference types alone is straightforward, but is complicated when multiple ...

Lithographic Apparatus, Sensor and Method

A lithographic apparatus comprises an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam, a support constructed to support a patterning device, the patterning device being capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam; a substrate table constructed to hold a substrate, a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate, and a sensor. The sensor (S) comprises a photodiode () provided on a face () of a semiconductor substrate () towards which the radiation beam is directed during operation of the lithographic apparatus, a first radiation blocking material () being provided around the photodiode on the face of the semiconductor substrate, and a second radiation blocking material () is provided on a side () of the semiconductor substrate upon which the radiation beam is incident during operation of the lithographic apparatus. 1. A sensor for measuring a property of an in-band radiation , comprising:a photodiode provided on a face of a semiconductor substrate;a first radiation blocking material being provided around the photodiode on the face of the semiconductor substrate; anda second radiation blocking material being provided on a side of the semiconductor substrate;wherein the second radiation blocking material provides significant suppression of an out-of-band radiation.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the in-band radiation is an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation.3. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the out-of-band radiation comprises one or more of visible claim 1 , (near-) infra-red (IR) and deep ultra-violet (DUV) radiation.4. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the first radiation blocking material comprises a metal.5. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the second radiation blocking material is provided over the photodiode.6. The sensor according to claim 5 , wherein the second radiation blocking material ...

Ultraviolet Monitoring Device

Monitoring a user's exposure to ultraviolet radiation, including determining the amount of radiation to which the user is exposed from different directions, respectively. 1. A device for monitoring a user's exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation , the monitoring device comprising:a UV sensor that detects UV radiation and that transmits UV radiation data indicative of an amount of the UV radiation received;a display unit;a power source;an orientation unit that detects displacement of the monitoring device from a default orientation and that transmits orientation data indicative of an orientation of the monitoring device;a control circuit including a processor, the processor being configured to receive the UV radiation data from the UV sensor, to receive the orientation data from the orientation unit, to determine a UV index value for radiation being received from each of a plurality of directions, respectively, and to communicate UV exposure information to the display unit for viewing by the user.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a user input unit configured to enable the user to input at least one of:a signal indicating that sunscreen has been applied;a signal indicating an SPF value of sunscreen that has been applied; anda signal to restart measurement of UV radiation.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an alarm unit configured to notify the user when a preset time period has elapsed since sunscreen was last applied.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprisinga wireless communication unit that receives information from a separate network connected device, and that transmits at least some of the UV exposure information to the separate network connected device;wherein the information received from the separate network connected device comprises at least one of environmental UV forecast information and user specific information.5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a memory unit configured to store the UV radiation data transmitted by ...

WAVEFRONT ADJUSTMENT IN EXTREME ULTRA-VIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY

Some embodiments of the present disclosure related to a method to form and operate the reflective surface to compensate for aberration effects on pattern uniformity. In some embodiments, the reflective surface comprises a mirror of within reduction optics of an EUV illumination tool. In some embodiments, the reflective surface comprises a reflective reticle. An EUV reflective surface topography comprising a reflective surface is disposed on a surface of a substrate, and is manipulated by mechanical force or thermal deformation. The substrate includes a plurality of cavities, where each cavity is coupled to a deformation element configured to expand a volume of the cavity and consequently deform a portion of the reflective surface above each cavity, for local control of the reflective surface through thermal deformation of a resistive material subject to an electric current, or mechanical deformation due to pressurized gas within the cavity or a piezoelectric effect. 1. A reflective surface , comprising a mirror disposed on a surface of a substrate comprising a plurality of cavities , wherein each cavity is coupled to a deformation element configured to expand a volume of the cavity and consequently deform a portion of the mirror above the cavity.2. The reflective surface of claim 1 , wherein the mirror comprises a reflective reticle further comprising a multilayer mirror comprising a plurality of reflective layers separated by a plurality of spacer layers.3. The reflective surface of claim 2 , wherein the reflective layers comprise molybdenum or ruthenium and the spacer layers comprise silicon.4. The reflective surface of claim 1 , wherein the deformation element comprises a gas source configured to expand or contract the volume of the cavity by increasing or decreasing a pressure of a gas within the cavity claim 1 , and consequently deform the surface and mirror.5. The reflective surface of claim 1 , wherein dimensions and spacing of the a plurality of cavities are ...

ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD

An ultraviolet detection system and method comprises a Bluetooth MCU control unit, a Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit and an ultraviolet detection unit. A sensor is a silicon product, which is formed by SOI technology, and the sensor can test the current UVI accurately and quickly, such that the ultraviolet detection system can provide accurate advice to customers to avoid being sunburned. The Bluetooth MCU is a low power consumption Bluetooth chip. 1. an ultraviolet detection system , comprising ,a Bluetooth MCU control unit, a Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit, and an ultraviolet detection unit having an ultraviolet sensor, the Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit including an IC matching circuit and a terminal matching circuit, the Bluetooth MCU control unit being used to do analog to digital (AD) testing, LED controlling, and antenna impedance matching;wherein exposure of the ultraviolet detection unit being to light, an ultraviolet photoelectric diode, composed of a top silicon and located inside the ultraviolet detection unit, producing a current corresponding to radiation intensity of ultraviolet radiation of the light,wherein current of an operational amplifier of the ultraviolet detection unit forms an output voltage corresponding to the current, the output voltage is transmitted to the Bluetooth MCU control unit, and the Bluetooth MCU control unit samples electrical signals, the Bluetooth MCU control unit is used to do AD sampling and testing, receiving and sending data signal, logic controlling, the Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit is matched with the Bluetooth MCU control unit, and partly matched with an on board antenna of the Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit, wherein the ultraviolet detection unit is a silicon product formed by an SOI technology, the SOI technology is a buried oxide layer being sandwiched between a top silicon layer and a substrate.2. (canceled)3. The ultraviolet detection system of claim 1 , ...

DEVICE FOR UV-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GASEOUS COMPOUNDS

The invention concerns a device () for UV-spectrometric analysis of gaseous compounds, said device () comprising: a measurement channel () intended to accommodate a flow of sample gas to be analyzed, a window member () transparent for ultraviolet radiation arranged at a first end () of the measurement channel (), a radiation source () capable of generating ultraviolet radiation arranged to emit radiation through the window member () and into the measurement channel (), and a spectrographic member () for measuring of ultraviolet radiation emitted by the radiation source () arranged at a second, opposite, end () of the measurement channel (), wherein the device () is arranged such that ultraviolet radiation entering the measurement channel () at the first end () can propagate through the measurement channel (), interact with the accommodated gas and be measured by the spectrographic member () at the second end () of the measurement channel (). The invention is characterized in that the first end () of the measurement channel () is open towards the window member () and in that a channel () for guiding a protection gas is arranged in connection to the window member () such that protection gas fed through the protection gas channel () is allowed to flow over and cover the side of the window member () facing the measurement channel () and to flow further into the measurement channel (). 2. Device according to wherein a void is arranged adjacent the window member at the side of the window member facing the measurement channel claim 1 , wherein the void is in communication with the open end of the measurement channel and wherein the void is provided with a void inlet such that when a protection gas is fed to said void inlet claim 1 , the protection gas is allowed to fill the void and flow further into the measurement channel.3. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement channel is provided with at least one inlet for feeding sample gas into the measurement ...

SENSOR MARK AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SENSOR MARK

A sensor mark including: a substrate having: a deep ultra violet (DUV) radiation absorbing layer including a first material which substantially absorbs DUV radiation; and a protecting layer including a second material, wherein: the DUV radiation absorbing layer has a through hole in it; the protecting layer is positioned, in plan, in the through hole and the protecting layer in the through hole has a patterned region having a plurality of through holes; and the second material is more noble than the first material. 1. A sensor mark comprising: a deep ultra violet (DUV) radiation absorbing layer comprising a first material which substantially absorbs DUV radiation; and', 'a first protecting layer comprising a second material,, 'a substrate havingwherein:the DUV radiation absorbing layer has a through hole in it;the first protecting layer is positioned, in plan, in the through hole and the first protecting layer in the through hole has a patterned region comprising a plurality of through holes; andthe second material is more noble than the first material.2. The sensor mark of claim 1 , further comprising a second protecting layer comprising a third material positioned on the DUV radiation absorbing layer.3. The sensor mark of claim 2 , wherein the third material at least partially absorbs deep ultraviolet radiation and/or wherein the third material substantially reflects or transmits visible and/or infrared radiation.4. The sensor mark of claim 2 , wherein the second material substantially absorbs deep ultra violet radiation.5. The sensor mark of claim 1 , wherein the DUV radiation absorbing layer and substrate are arranged to substantially suppress reflection of a range of wavelengths in the visible region at normal or grazing incidence.6. The sensor mark of claim 1 , wherein the first protecting layer covers at least part of the DUV radiation absorbing layer to prevent exposure of the DUV radiation absorbing layer.7. The sensor mark of claim 2 , wherein the second ...

EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SENSOR UNIT AND EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT GENERATION APPARATUS

An extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a mirror configured to reflect extreme ultraviolet light; a wavelength filter configured to selectively transmit the extreme ultraviolet light reflected by the mirror; an optical sensor configured to detect the extreme ultraviolet light having transmitted through the wavelength filter; and a purge gas supply unit disposed to supply purge gas to a space between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor. 1. An extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit comprising:a mirror configured to reflect extreme ultraviolet light;a wavelength filter configured to selectively transmit the extreme ultraviolet light reflected by the mirror;an optical sensor configured to detect the extreme ultraviolet light having transmitted through the wavelength filter; anda purge gas supply unit disposed to supply purge gas to a space between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor.2. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a spacer by which the wavelength filter and the optical sensor are separated from each other by a predetermined distance claim 1 , wherein the purge gas is supplied from the purge gas supply unit to a gap formed at the space between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor by the spacer.3. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 2 , wherein the spacer includes a wall member that blocks a side surface of a flow path of the purge gas to reduce diffusion of the purge gas flowing through the gap between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor so that the purge gas flows in one direction.4. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 1 , wherein the wavelength filter and the optical sensor are each fixed to a holder by a bonding agent containing carbon.5. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:a first purge gas supply unit disposed to supply ...

Optically Stimulated Electron Emission Measurement Device and Method for Characterizing and Comparing Levels and Species of Surface Contaminants

Systems, methods, instruments and devices of the various embodiments enable improved characterization and comparison of the level and species of surface contaminants from photo-induced emission analysis. The various embodiments may provide flexibility for calculating and analyzing the time-dependence of emission efficiencies. Irregular and heterogeneous surfaces, including regionally multiply-connected surface compositions, may be analyzed according to the various embodiments, and the various embodiments include techniques that support specific contaminant identification. Various embodiment focusing techniques may enhance assessment of spatially differential regional analysis of the substrate for more critical applications. The various embodiments may also include differential comparison with reference surfaces, either through differential comparison while scanning, or by comparison to digitally stored responses to known contaminants. 1. An optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) measurement device , comprising:a power supply;a gas supply; a light source connected to the power supply;', 'a shutter;', 'a grid connected to the power supply; and', 'a gas nozzle connected to the gas supply; and, 'at least one OSEE pod connected to the power supply and the gas supply, wherein the OSEE pod comprises controlling the gas supply to provide an inert gas to the gas nozzle to purge a chamber of the OSEE pod;', 'controlling a first amount of power from the power supply to the light source to cause the light source to generate light;', 'controlling a second amount of power from the power supply to the grid to bias the grid;', 'opening the shutter such that the generated light floods a selected area of a sample;', 'receiving a current measurement from the OSEE pod; and', 'analyzing the received current measurement to determine a level and a species of surface contaminants on the selected area of the sample., 'a processor connected to the power supply, gas supply, and at ...

WEARABLE TO MONITOR EXPOSURE TO UV RADIATION

A wearable or attachable device comprising a UV sensor configured to provide user-specific burn rate times providing an indication to the user when they are exposing themselves to harmful levels of UV radiation. 1. A wearable device to monitor radiation exposure of a wearer of the wearable device , the wearable device comprising:a radiation sensor configured to output a signal based on an instantaneous ultraviolet radiation detected at the radiation sensor;an output device configured to provide an alert to a wearer of the wearable device;a memory, the memory configured to store one or more wearer characteristics; and, store, in the memory, information indicative of the instantaneous ultraviolet radiation detected at the radiation sensor over time;', 'determine a total exposure, of the wearer, to ultraviolet radiation based on monitoring the signal from the radiation sensor;', 'determine, based on the one or more wearer characteristics, whether the total exposure has reached a threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and,', 'cause the output device to provide the alert to the wearer in response to determining that the total exposure has reached the threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation., 'a processor configured to execute machine readable instructions that cause the processor to2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more wearer characteristics include a burn rate for the wearer.3. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the output device includes a light.4. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the output device includes a display.5. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the output device includes a vibrating motor.6. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a heart rate monitor.7. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more movement sensors.8. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a location sensor.9. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:a strap; and,a ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD AND SENSING DEVICE

A semiconductor device disclosed in an embodiment comprises: a light emitting unit comprising a light emitting structure layer which has a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, a second conductivity type semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first conductivity type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity type semiconductor layer; and a sensor unit disposed on the light emitting unit, wherein the sensor unit comprises: a sensing material changing in resistance with light emitted by the light emitting unit; a first sensor electrode comprising a first pad portion and a first extension part extending from the first pad portion and contacting the sensing material; and a second sensor electrode comprising a first pad portion and a second extension part extending toward the first extension part from the second pad portion and contacting the sensing material. The sensor unit senses an external gas in response to the light generated from the light emitting unit. 111-. (canceled)12. A semiconductor device comprising:a light emitting unit including a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, a second conductivity type semiconductor layer, and a light emitting structure layer having an active layer between the first conductivity type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity type semiconductor layer;a sensor unit disposed on the light emitting unit; andan insulating layer disposed between the light emitting unit and the sensor unit,wherein the sensor unit includes:a sensing material of which resistance is changed by light emitted from the light emitting unit;a first sensor electrode including a first pad portion and a first extension part extending from the first pad portion and contacting to the sensing material; anda second sensor electrode including a second pad portion and a second extension part extending from the second pad portion toward the first extension part and contacting to the sensing material,wherein the first extension part ...

A METHOD OF ANALYSING A SAMPLE INCLUDING A MICROORGANISM OF INTEREST

A method of analysing a sample including a microorganism of interest. The method includes exposing the sample to an antimicrobial; after exposing the sample to the antimicrobial, applying an absorption-based and/or scattering-based spectroscopic technique to the sample to obtain spectrum data whose spectral profile has been influenced by exposing the sample to the antimicrobial, wherein applying the absorption-based and/or scattering-based spectroscopic technique to the sample includes irradiating the sample with UV-Vis radiation; obtaining information regarding the susceptibility/resistance of the microorganism of interest to the antimicrobial from the spectrum data. The absorption-based and/or scattering-based spectroscopic technique may be applied to the sample no more than 60 minutes after the initial exposure of the sample to the antimicrobial. The method may be useful to obtain information regarding the susceptibility/resistance of a bacterium, such as a bacterium responsible for causing a UTI, to an antibiotic in a rapid and reliable manner. 130-. (canceled)31. A method of analysing a sample including a bacterium of interest , the method including:exposing the sample to an antibiotic;after exposing the sample to the antibiotic, applying an absorption-based spectroscopic technique to the sample to obtain spectrum data whose spectral profile has been influenced by exposing the sample to the antibiotic, wherein applying the absorption-based spectroscopic technique to the sample includes irradiating the sample with UV Vis radiation having a wavelength in the range 200 nm to 800 nm;obtaining information regarding the susceptibility/resistance of the bacterium of interest to the antibiotic from the spectrum data;wherein the absorption-based spectroscopic technique is applied to the sample no more than 60 minutes after the initial exposure of the sample to the antibiotic.32. A method according to claim 31 , wherein the absorption-based spectroscopic technique is ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SENSING CIRCUIT AND SENSING SYSTEM

An ultraviolet light sensing circuit and sensing system. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit comprises a modulation unit and a phase delay unit, wherein the modulation unit comprises a first stage of inverter which is used for sensing ultraviolet light and is used as a voltage feedback modulation stage; and the phase delay unit comprises N stages of inverters which are connected in sequence, where N is an even number which is greater than or equal to 2. The modulation unit is connected to the phase delay unit in sequence, and the output voltage of the phase delay unit is fed to the modulation unit; and the modulation unit is modulated by a control signal which is a pulse signal. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit and sensing system can be used for ultraviolet light information communications. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit can sense ultraviolet light signals and output amplitude modulation wave signals. 1. An ultraviolet light sensing circuit , comprising a modulation unit and a phase delay unit , wherein:the modulation unit comprises a first stage of inverter which is used for induction of ultraviolet light and as a voltage feedback modulation stage;the phase delay unit is sequentially composed of N stages of inverters, wherein N is even number which is greater than or equal to two;the modulation unit and the phase delay unit are sequentially connected, and the output voltage of the phase delay unit is feedback to the modulation unit; andthe modulation unit is modulated by a control signal which is a pulse signal.2. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit of claim 1 , further comprising an output buffer unit claim 1 , wherein the output buffer unit comprises N+2 stages of inverters claim 1 , and is used to improve a driving ability to the ultraviolet light sensing circuit to an output terminal load.3. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit of claim 2 , wherein the first stage of inverter comprises a pull-up module and a pull-down module claim 2 , and ...

BLOCKING ELEMENT OF SHORT WAVELENGTHS IN LED-TYPE LIGHT SOURCES

Method, product and blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources consisting of a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface and, in that said pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm in a range between 1 and 99%. 119-. (canceled)20. A blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources comprising:a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface wherein the pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of light emission in LED-type light sources between a maximum percent of absorption and a minimum percent of absorption of the short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm without completely blocking passage of wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm,and wherein the maximum percent of absorption and the minimum percent of absorption are the sum of a maximum percent of absorption and a minimum percent of absorption selected from a predetermined maximum and minimum absorption values of at least one of the following factors: the age of a user of LED-type light source, the size of the LED-type light source, the total exposure time of a user to the LED-type light source, the ambient lighting of the place where the user interacts with the LED-type light source, the time of day, the type of LED-type light source, or a retinal or corneal disease state of the user.21. The blocking element according to comprising a multilayer substrate wherein at least one of said layers contains the blocking pigment of short wavelengths distributed over the surface of said layer.22. The blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the substrate is a coating containing a pigment in the entire coating.23. The blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the coating is one selected from gel claim 22 , foam claim 22 , emulsion claim 22 , solution claim 22 , dilution claim 22 , or a combination of the above.24. The ...

System and Method for Measuring Thermal Degradation of Composites

A system for measuring thermal degradation of composites, may include a housing having an interior with an opening shaped to expose a test area of the composite to be tested to the interior; a light-emitting diode that emits primarily ultraviolet radiation, the diode mounted on the housing to direct the ultraviolet radiation into the interior and through the opening; an image sensor mounted on the housing and open to the interior to receive radiation emitted from the test area passing through the opening into the interior; and an image processor connected to receive a signal from the image sensor, the image processor determining a presence or absence of thermal degradation of the test area in response to the signal. 1. A system for measuring thermal degradation of composites , the system comprising:a housing having an interior with an opening shaped to expose a test area of the composite to be tested to the interior;a light-emitting diode that emits primarily ultraviolet radiation, the diode mounted on the housing to direct the ultraviolet radiation into the interior and through the opening;an image sensor mounted on the housing and open to the interior to receive radiation emitted from the test area passing through the opening into the interior; andan image processor connected to receive a signal from the image sensor, the image processor determining a presence or an absence of thermal degradation of the test area in response to the signal.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes a side wall claim 1 , an upper wall attached to the side wall claim 1 , and a lower wall attached to the side wall claim 1 , the side wall claim 1 , the upper wall and the lower wall defining the interior of the housing.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the light-emitting diode is mounted in the side wall; the image sensor is mounted in the upper wall; and the opening is formed in the lower wall.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the housing includes a first reflective ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FLUORESCENCE AND ABSORBANCE ANALYSIS

A system or method for analyzing a sample include an input light source, an excitation light source positioned to receive light from the input light source and to sequentially illuminate the sample with each of a plurality of wavelengths, a fluorescence detector positioned to receive and substantially simultaneously detect multiple wavelengths of light emitted by the sample for each of the plurality of excitation wavelengths, an absorption detector positioned to receive and detect light passing through the sample, and a computer in communication with the excitation light source, the fluorescence detector, and the absorption detector, the computer controlling the excitation light source to sequentially illuminate the sample with each of the plurality of wavelengths while measuring absorption and fluorescence of the sample based on signals received from the fluorescence and absorption detectors. 1. A method for analyzing a sample , the method comprising:illuminating the sample at a plurality of excitation wavelengths using an excitation monochromator;measuring absorbance by the sample by detecting light passing through the sample;adjusting detected absorbance based on light intensity detected by a reference detector positioned to receive a portion of light from the monochromator;measuring fluorescence of the sample by detecting an emission spectrum of light emitted by the sample for each excitation wavelength based on a signal generated by an associated detector; andcorrecting the fluorescence measurement using the adjusted detected absorbance.2. The method of wherein illuminating comprises:illuminating the sample using a double subtractive monochromator.3. The method of wherein measuring fluorescence comprises measuring fluorescence of the sample based on a signal generated by an associated multi-channel detector.4. The method of wherein measuring fluorescence comprises measuring fluorescence of the sample based on a signal generated by an imaging detector.5. The ...

A SYSTEM FOR COMPUTING EXPOSURE TO SOLAR RADIATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL

System for calculating the exposure to sun radiation received on the different parts of the body by a person, comprising a wearable device () that communicates with a telecommunication mobile device () and a remote computing unit () operatively connected to satellites () to receive georeferenced data related to solar irradiation over time and set to associate the solar irradiance data to the geographical position, the posture and the orientation of the person (P) or of parts of the person's body. 1. A system used to calculate exposure to solar radiation in a given wavelength range , received by a person in each part of a body , the system comprising:a wearable device having stable position and orientation with respect to the body of a person, the wearable device comprising position sensors capable of detecting position data of one or more points of the body according to at least azimuth and inclination with respect to a vertical line depending on the position that the body has during sun exposure;a geolocalization sensor associated with the person;a remote computing unit operatively connected to a satellite means to receive georeferenced data related to solar irradiation over time and to associate solar irradiance data to geographic position, posture and the orientation of the person or of parts of the body of the person over time, to provide an overall incident irradiance and a relative associated dose accumulated over time for each point of the body; a first communication interface connected to the wearable device and the geolocalization sensor for receiving first data related to the geographic position, posture and orientation of the person or of parts of the body of the person;', 'a second communication interface connected to the remote computing unit to send to the first data to the remote computing unit and to receive second data relative to the sun exposure of the person;', "a means for the person receiving information associated to the second data relating ...

RADIATION SENSORS

In accordance with at least one aspect of this disclosure, an ultraviolet radiation (UV) sensor includes a UV sensitive material and a first electrode and a second electrode connected in series through the UV sensitive material such that UV radiation can reach the UV sensitive material. The UV sensitive material can include at least one of zinc tin oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium zinc oxide, or zinc oxide. The electrodes can be interdigitated comb electrodes. 1. A radiation sensor , comprising:at least one layer of radiation sensitive material; andat least a first electrode and a second electrode connected in series through the radiation sensitive material such that radiation can reach the radiation sensitive material, a first layer of the radiation sensitive material;', 'a second layer having a second layer comb electrode with second layer comb electrode extensions;', 'a third layer of radiation sensitive material; and', 'a fourth layer having a fourth layer comb electrode with fourth layer comb electrode extensions., 'wherein the radiation sensitive material is a separate layer from the electrodes, wherein each electrode is a separated by a layer of the radiation sensitive material, wherein the at least one layer of radiation sensitive material and the at least first electrode and second electrode include2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the radiation sensitive material includes at least one of tin oxide claim 1 , zinc tin oxide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , magnesium zinc oxide claim 1 , or zinc oxide.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the radiation sensitive material is disposed in a space defined between the electrode extensions of each electrode.4. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the electrodes and the radiation sensitive material are at least partially transparent to radiation.5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the fourth layer comb electrode extensions are narrower than the second layer comb electrode extensions.6. The sensor of ...

ULTRAVIOLET-SENSITIVE SHEET, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ULTRAVIOLET-SENSING SHEET, AND METHOD FOR SENSING ULTRAVIOLET

Provided an ultraviolet-sensing sheet that facilitates measurement of ultraviolet irradiance over a wide area, that is suitable in ultraviolet irradiance in a range from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm, a method for manufacturing such an ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and a method for sensing ultraviolet. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet has a change in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 1 mJ/cmor more and less than 10 mJ/cm, 1. A dispersion comprises a capsule containing a photo-oxidant and a leuco dye capable of developing color by the photo-oxidant ,which has a mass ratio of the photo-oxidant and the leuco dye is 0.2 to 1.0:1.2. A dispersion according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein when the dispersion is formed to a layer containing the leuco dye in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 g per 1 mof a surface of the layer,'}{'sup': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'the layer has a change in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 1 mJ/cmor more and less than 10 mJ/cm, a change in reflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 10 mJ/cmor more and less than 100 mJ/cm, and a change in reflection density ΔD3 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 100 mJ/cmor more and 1,000 mJ/cmor less, as measured at a wavelength of 365 nm.'}3. The dispersion according to claim 1 , which contains water.4. The dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the capsule has a shell wall of which martial contains at least one selected from a polyurethane claim 1 , a polyurea claim 1 , a polyester claim 1 , a polycarbonate claim 1 , an urea-formaldehyde resin claim 1 , a melamine-formaldehyde resin claim 1 , a polystyrene claim 1 , a styrene-methacrylate copolymer claim 1 , a gelatin claim 1 , a polyvinylpyrrolidone claim 1 , and a poly vinyl alcohol.5. The dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the capsule has a volume average particle size of 0.1 to 100 μm.7. The dispersion according to claim 1 , ...

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER

The present disclosure relates to an atomic absorption spectrometer for analyzing a sample, including a radiation source unit for generating a measuring beam, an atomization unit for atomizing the sample such that the atomized sample is located in a beam path of the measuring beam, and a detecting unit for detecting absorption of the measuring beam. The radiation source unit includes at least one light-emitting diode. According to the present disclosure, the detection unit includes a polychromator arrangement, in particular a high-resolution polychromator arrangement, as a spectrometric arrangement.

SYSTEM SUITABILITY METHOD FOR USE WITH PROTEIN CONCENTRATION DETERMINATION BY SLOPE

Disclosed are methods of determining the suitability of a variable-length spectrophotometer using Patent Blue dye or AMG Blue dye. Also disclosed herein are methods of determining the suitability of a fixed path length spectrophotometer for determining protein concentration of a protein sample. AMG Blue dye may also be used to determine the suitability of fixed path length spectrophotometers. 1. A method of determining the suitability of a variable-length spectrophotometer for determining protein concentration of a protein sample , comprising measuring the absorbance of Patent Blue dye (PBD) or AMG Blue Dye (ABD) at least two wavelengths , the first wavelength of 280 nm and the subsequent wavelength(s) selected from the group consisting of 310 nm , 412 nm , 510 nm and 615 nm.2. A method of determining the suitability of a fixed path length spectrophotometer for determining protein concentration of a protein sample , comprising measuring the absorbance of ABD at least two wavelengths , the first wavelength of 280 nm and the subsequent wavelength(s) selected from the group consisting of 310 nm , 412 nm , 510 nm and 615 nm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a third wavelength is used claim 1 , wherein the third wavelength is different than the second wavelength and selected from the group consisting of 310 nm claim 1 , 412 nm claim 1 , 510 nm and 615 nm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PBD or ABD is measured three times for each wavelength before measuring the protein concentration of the protein sample claim 1 , and wherein the PBD or ABD is measured three times for each wavelength after measuring the protein concentration of the protein samples.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first wavelength is 280 nm and the second wavelength is 310 nm.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the variable-length spectrophotometer is considered suitable if the absorbance readings of the PBD or ABD are equal to or less than 10% of those values supplied in a ...

CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE OIL BY ULTRAVIOLET VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY

A system and a method for characterizing a crude oil sample from the weight and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy of the sample, including calculating a crude oil ultraviolet visible index and using the index to calculate the API gravity and the aromaticity of the sample. 1. A system for characterizing the API gravity of a sample of crude oil based upon ultraviolet visible spectroscopy data derived from the sample and the weight of the sample , the system comprising:a non-volatile memory device that stores calculation modules and data;a processor coupled to the memory;a first calculation module that calculates a crude oil ultraviolet visible index value for the sample based on the sample's weight and the absorbance values of the spectroscopy data;and a second calculation module that characterizes the API gravity of the sample based on the crude oil ultraviolet visible index.2. A system for characterizing the API gravity of a sample of crude oil based upon separately provided ultraviolet visible spectroscopy data of the sample and a separately provided weight of the sample , the system comprising:a non-volatile memory device that stores calculation modules and data;a processor coupled to the memory;a first calculation module that calculates a crude oil ultraviolet visible index of the sample from the sample's weight and from the absorbance values of the spectroscopy data;a second calculation module that calculates an estimated API gravity of the sample based on the crude oil ultraviolet visible index;and a third calculation module that calculates a classification value for the sample from the estimated API gravity.3. A method for operating a computer to characterize the API gravity of a sample of a hydrocarbon oil collected from an oil well , stabilizer , extractor , or distillation tower , the method comprising:weighing the sample;preparing the sample for ultraviolet visible spectroscopy analysis by diluting the sample with solvents;obtaining ultraviolet visible ...

PHASE CONTRAST MONITORING FOR EXTREME ULTRA-VIOLET (EUV) MASKS DEFECT INSPECTION

Disclosed are methods and apparatus for inspecting an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reticle using an optical inspection tool. An inspection tool having a pupil filter positioned at an imaging pupil is used to obtain a test image or signal from an output beam that is reflected and scattered from a test portion of an EUV test reticle. The pupil filter is configured to provide phase contrast in the output beam. A reference image or signal is obtained for a reference reticle portion that is designed to be identical to the test reticle portion. The test and reference images or signals are compared and it is determined whether the test reticle portion has any candidate defects based on such comparison. For each of a plurality of test reticle portions of the reticle, the operations for using the inspection tool, obtaining a reference image or signal, comparing, and determining are repeated. A defect report is generated based on any candidate defects that have been determined to be present. 1. A method of inspecting an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reticle using an optical inspection tool , the method comprising:using an inspection tool having a pupil filter positioned at an imaging pupil to obtain a test image or signal from an output beam that is reflected and scattered from a test portion of an EUV test reticle, wherein the pupil filter is configured to provide phase contrast in the output beam;obtaining a reference image or signal for a reference reticle portion that is designed to be identical to the test reticle portion;comparing the test and reference images or signals and determining whether the test reticle portion has any candidate defects based on such comparison;for each of a plurality of test reticle portions of the reticle, repeating the operations for using the inspection tool, obtaining a reference image or signal, comparing, and determining; andgenerating a defect report based on any candidate defects that have been determined to be present.2. The method of claim 1 ...

Retention index standards for liquid chromatography

A liquid chromatography method for identifying an analyte of interest utilizing as retention index standards a homologous series of neutrally charged compounds having at least one functional group bearing a positive charge and at least one functional group bearing a negative charge. The method is especially useful for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, more especially for LC-MS methods employing electrospray (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ionization systems.

INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, CLIENT TERMINAL, AND PROGRAM

Optimal information in consideration with time series environmental factors is provided to users. 1. An information processing apparatus comprising;a retrieve module configured to retrieve environmental information indicating an ultraviolet ray exposure amount indicating an amount of ultraviolet rays exposed to a user, a temperature of an environment where the user stays, and a humidity of the environment where the user stays;a present module configured to present first information relating to the skin condition of the user based on the environmental information; anda present module configured to present second information relating to the skin condition of the user based on environmental log information including a plurality of environmental information.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first information and the second information comprise at least one of advice on the user's skin care method claim 1 , advice on a product suitable for the user's skin care claim 1 , advice on the user's hormone balance claim 1 , and advice on the user's stress.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an estimation module configured to estimate a skin index of the skin condition of the user based on the environment log information; anda present module configured to present the estimated skin index.4. An information processing apparatus comprising:a retrieve module configured to retrieve environmental information indicating an ultraviolet ray exposure amount indicating an amount of ultraviolet rays exposed to a user, a temperature of an environment where the user stays, and a humidity of the environment where the user stays;an estimation module configured to estimate a skin index of the skin condition of the user based on the environment log information comprising a plurality of the environmental information; anda present module configured to present the estimated skin index.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a retrieve module configured to retrieve action ...

LIGHT INTENSITY ADJUSTABLE ULTRAVIOLET DEVICE FOR CURING OPTICAL FIBER COATING

A light intensity adjustable ultraviolet device for curing an optical fiber coating includes a cylindrical mounting base; a UVLED light source module mounted along a peripheral direction and an axial direction in an inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base; a cylindrical focusing lens configured in front of a light emitting surface of the UVLED light source module, so that ultraviolet light emitted by the UVLED light source module is focused on a curing axis; and an ultraviolet sensor mounted in the inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base, wherein the ultraviolet sensor is connected to a UVLED power supply control module via an ultraviolet intensity signal processing module; the UVLED power supply control module is connected to the UVLED light source module, so that an optical fiber drawing speed and an ultraviolet intensity form a control closed loop. 1. A light intensity adjustable ultraviolet device for curing an optical fiber coating , comprising:a cylindrical mounting base;a UVLED light source module mounted along a peripheral direction and an axial direction in an inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base;a cylindrical focusing lens configured in front of a light emitting surface of the UVLED light source module, so that ultraviolet light emitted by the UVLED light source module is focused on a curing axis; andan ultraviolet sensor mounted in the inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base, wherein the ultraviolet sensor is connected to a UVLED power supply control module via an ultraviolet intensity signal processing module; the UVLED power supply control module is connected to the UVLED light source module, so that an optical fiber drawing speed and an ultraviolet intensity form a control closed loop.2. The light intensity adjustable ultraviolet device according to claim 1 , wherein a transparent quartz glass tube is mounted in the middle of the inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base; the curing axis is located in an inner cavity of ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVED SENSOR VIBRATION CANCELLATION

Optical sensing systems having improved vibration cancelation, and methods of achieving improved vibration cancelation. In one example, an optical sensing system includes an optical sensor configured to produce an unprocessed sensor output signal representative of a response of the optical sensor to at least an optical signature of interest and a local vibration excitation, a reference sensor configured to provide a reference signal responsive to the local vibration excitation, and a controller, including an adaptive digital filter, coupled to the optical sensor and to the reference sensor, and configured to receive the reference signal and to adjust one or more coefficients of the adaptive digital filter to minimize coherence between a residual signal and the reference signal, the residual signal being a difference between the sensor output signal and a filter output signal from the adaptive digital filter. 1. An optical sensing system comprising:an optical sensor configured to produce an unprocessed sensor output signal representative of a response of the optical sensor to at least an optical signature of interest and a local vibration excitation;a reference sensor configured to provide a reference signal responsive to the local vibration excitation; anda controller, including an adaptive digital filter, coupled to the optical sensor and to the reference sensor, and configured to receive the reference signal and to adjust one or more coefficients of the adaptive digital filter to minimize coherence between a residual signal and the reference signal, the residual signal being a difference between the sensor output signal and a filter output signal from the adaptive digital filter.2. The optical sensing system of wherein the reference sensor is an accelerometer and the reference signal is an acceleration signal.3. The optical sensing system of wherein the optical sensor and the accelerometer are disposed proximate one another on a movable platform.4. The optical ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT AND REAL-TIME FEEDBACK OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE

System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure. 1. A computer executable method of increasing the accuracy of UV monitoring , comprising:receiving UVB information that is indicative of an intensity of UVB light sensed by a UV sensor, the UV sensor disposed in a UV monitor;comparing the UVB information with a threshold UVB level to make a first determination if the UV monitor is indoors or outside;receiving secondary information indicative of light outside of the UVB range sensed by the UV sensor or a second sensor disposed in the UV monitor;using the secondary information to make a second determination about the environment of the UV monitor;using the second determination about the environment to select one of a plurality of environment models for predicting the UV Index; andpredicting the UV Index with the selected model.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving secondary information comprises receiving secondary information indicative of visible light sensed by a second sensor claim 1 , the second sensor being a visible light sensor disposed in the UV monitor claim 1 , and wherein using the secondary information comprises using the secondary information to make a second determination about whether the UV monitor is outdoors and in the shade claim 1 , or outdoors and in the open.3. The method of wherein making the second determination comprises comparing the secondary information indicative of visible light to a visible light threshold.4. The method of further comprising claim 3 , using the UVB information that is indicative of an intensity of UVB light sensed by a UV sensor and the secondary information indicative of visible light sensed by a second sensor to make a further determination about whether the UV monitor is in an open cloudy environment claim 3 , ...

EXPOSURE APPARATUS, EXPOSURE METHOD, AND DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD

An exposure apparatus is provided with a light source for emitting pulse light and exposes a substrate via to the pulse light an original. Further, the exposure apparatus comprises a detection unit for detecting the light quantity of the pulse light and a controller for controlling the light source and the detection unit. Here, the controller is configured to execute a first calibration process for obtaining a relation between a control input to the light source and a light quantity of a pulse light from the light source, based on light quantities of a plurality of pulse lights detected by the detector by causing the light source to emit the plurality of the pulse lights with a plurality of the control input, in parallel with execution of a second calibration process which is different from the first calibration process and executed using the plurality of pulse lights. 1. An exposure apparatus that includes a light source for emitting pulse light and exposes a substrate to the pulse light via an original , the apparatus comprising:a detector configured to detect a light quantity of the pulse light; anda controller configured to control the light source and the detector,wherein the controller is configured to execute a first calibration process for obtaining a relation between a control input to the light source and a light quantity of a pulse light from the light source, based on light quantities of a plurality of pulse lights detected by the detector by causing the light source to emit the plurality of the pulse lights with a plurality of the control input, in parallel with execution of a second calibration process which is different from the first calibration process and executed using the plurality of pulse lights.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to generate the control input based on the relation.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a projection optical system configured to project light from the ...

DETERMINATION OF WATER TREATMENT PARAMETERS BASED ON ABSORBANCE AND FLUORESCENCE

A monitoring system configured to receive an on-line sample associated with a process includes a sample chamber positioned to receive the on-line sample and a detector positioned to selectively receive and detect multiple wavelengths of light transmitted through the sample during an absorbance measurement, and emitted by the sample during a fluorescence measurement in response to illumination by each of the at least one excitation wavelength. An optical fiber couples light transmitted through the sample and directs the transmitted light to the multi-channel detector during the absorbance measurement. Optics direct light emitted by the sample during the fluorescence measurement to the detector without passing through any optical fiber. A computer in communication with the detector is configured to correct the fluorescence measurement using the absorbance measurement and determine a sample parameter based on the fluorescence and absorbance measurements of the on-line sample. 1. A system configured to measure absorbance and fluorescence of a sample , comprising:an input light source configured to generate at least one excitation wavelength;a chamber positioned to receive the sample and to be illuminated by the at least one excitation wavelength from the input light source;a detector positioned to selectively receive and detect light transmitted through the sample during an absorbance measurement, and emitted by the sample along a non-parallel excitation optical path during a fluorescence measurement in response to illumination by each of the at least one excitation wavelength; andan optical fiber positioned to receive light transmitted through the sample and direct the transmitted light to the detector during the absorbance measurement;wherein the light emitted by the sample during the fluorescence measurement is directed to the detector without passing through any optical fiber.2. The system of further comprising an order sorting filter positioned upstream of the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE OF USER

Disclosed herein are a system and method for controlling the temperature of a user. The wearable device may include a first temperature measurement unit configured to measure a temperature of a user and a control unit configured to calculate a temperature difference by comparing the temperature measured by the first temperature measurement unit with a previously stored temperature of the user at normal times, provide temperature measurement information to an external device if the calculated temperature difference is more than a reference temperature difference for a predetermined time, and receive service information for controlling the temperature of the user based on the temperature measurement information from the external device. 1. A wearable device for a service for controlling a temperature of a user , comprising:a first temperature measurement unit configured to measure a temperature of a user; anda control unit configured to calculate a temperature difference by comparing the temperature measured by the first temperature measurement unit with a previously stored temperature of the user at normal times, provide temperature measurement information to an external device if the calculated temperature difference is more than a reference temperature difference for a predetermined time, and receive service information for controlling the temperature of the user based on the temperature measurement information from the external device.2. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:a second temperature measurement unit configured to measure an external temperature; anda display unit configured to display at least one of the temperature measured by the first temperature measurement unit, the external temperature measured by the second temperature measurement unit, the temperature difference, the reference temperature difference, and the service information for controlling the temperature of the user.3. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING UV DOSE IN A REACTOR SYSTEM

The is described a process for determining a validated Reduction Equivalent Dose for reducing the concentration of a target contaminant contained in a fluid in a radiation fluid treatment system. In one embodiment, the process comprises the steps of: (a) determining a short wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant or a challenge contaminant in a first region of the electromagnetic spectrum having a wavelength of less than or equal to about 240 nm; (b) determining a long wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant or a challenge contaminant in a second region of the electromagnetic spectrum having a wavelength of greater than about 240 nm; and (c) summing the short wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose and the long wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose to produce the validated Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a useful approach for determining the relevant Reduction Equivalent Dose (RED) for disinfection and accomplishes this by using the discovered relation between the short wavelength sensor signal and the short wavelength RED, and subtracting the short wavelength RED from the RED determined using a challenge microbe with synthetic lamp sleeves, to obtain the long wavelength RED applicable to disinfection. In a bioassay, one would only need the short wavelength sensor reading and the challenge microbe RED using synthetic lamp sleeves to determine the applicable RED, once the relationship between the short wavelength sensor reading and the short wavelength RED was established. 1. A process for determining a validated Reduction Equivalent Dose for reducing the concentration of a target contaminant contained in a fluid in a radiation fluid treatment system , the process comprising the steps of:(a) determining a short wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant or a challenge contaminant in a first region of the electromagnetic ...

SHEET MEASUREMENT

A detector receives optical radiation interacted with the measured sheet and is responsive to a predetermined optical absorption band of lignin, a predetermined optical absorption band of dry matter and two or more separate optical bands. The measuring unit measures a lignin dependent value on the basis of attenuation in the absorption band of lignin, and a dry matter dependent value on the basis of attenuation in the absorption band of the dry matter, and determines a general dependence of attenuation with respect to wavelength by measuring attenuations in the separate optical bands. The measuring unit forms a value representing a dry matter content on the basis of the lignin dependent value, the dry matter dependent value and the general dependence of attenuation. 1. An apparatus for measuring a sheet comprising cellulose material and potentially lignin , wherein the apparatus comprisinga detector and a measuring unit;the detector being configured to receive optical radiation interacted with the measured sheet and being responsive to one or more predetermined optical absorption bands of lignin, and two or more separate optical bands apart from the one or more predetermined optical absorption bands of the lignin;the measuring unit being configured to, on the basis of responses of the detector,measure at least one lignin dependent value on the basis of attenuation of the optical radiation of ultraviolet light in the one or more predetermined optical absorption bands of lignin,determine a general dependence of attenuation with respect to wavelength as a known type of function the parameters of which are based on the attenuation values at the measured wavelengths apart from the predetermined absorption bands of lignin; andform a value representing lignin content on the basis of removal of the general dependence of attenuation from the at least one lignin dependent value by integrating over a measured band differences between a lignin dependent values and corresponding ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH RELEVANT UV EXPOSURE FROM SUNLIGHT

Methods of accurately estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure, such as the UV Index, and sensors adapted for the same. 1. A sensor adapted for use in estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure:wherein the sensor is more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a semiconductor and an optic portion claim 1 , and wherein the combination of the semiconductor and the optic portion makes the sensor more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a semiconductor that is sensitive to at least one of the wavelengths between 309 nm and 312 nm.4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 308 nm to 312 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 308 nm to 312 nm.5. The sensor of claim 1 , further comprises a sensor output detector that is adapted to detect an output from the sensor.6. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a narrow-band filter disposed above a semiconductor.7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the narrow-band filter and the semiconductor makes the sensor more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.8. The sensor of claim 7 , wherein the narrow-band filter is centered on 312 nm.9. The sensor of claim 7 , wherein the semiconductor is a silicon carbide photodetector.10. The sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a wearable device in which the sensor is disposed and secured.11. The sensor of claim 10 , wherein the wearable device further comprises a UVA sensor.12. The sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a personal device (e.g. claim 1 , smartphone) in which the sensor is disposed and secured.13. The personal device of claim 12 , wherein the ...

ULTRAVIOLET INDEX MEASURING METHOD AND APPARATUS

An ultraviolet index measuring method and apparatus includes preparing a first photosensor having spectral response only in a first section of a wavelength between 250 nm and 298 nm, a second photosensor having spectral response only in a second section of a wavelength between 298 nm and 328 nm, and a third photosensor having spectral response only in a third section of a wavelength between 328 nm and 400 nm. An output signal of the first photosensor, an output signal of the second photosensor, and an output signal of the third photosensor are calibrated using spectral irradiance of reference solar light. First photocurrent of the first photosensor, second photocurrent of the second photosensor, and third photocurrent of the third photosensor are measured under a measurement environment. An ultraviolet index is calculated using the first photocurrent, the second photocurrent, and the third photocurrent under the measurement environment. 1. An ultraviolet index measuring method comprising:preparing a first photosensor having spectral response only in a first section of a wavelength between 250 nm and 298 nm, a second photosensor having spectral response only a second section of a wavelength between 298 nm and 328 nm, and a third photosensor having spectral response only a third section of a wavelength between 328 nm and 400 nm;calibrating an output signal of the first photosensor, an output signal of the second photosensor, and an output signal of the third photosensor using spectral irradiance of reference solar light;measuring first photocurrent of the first photosensor, second photocurrent of the second photosensor, and third photocurrent of the third photosensor under a measurement environment; andcalculating an ultraviolet index using the first photocurrent, the second photocurrent, and the third photocurrent under the measurement environment.2. The ultraviolet index measuring method of claim 1 , wherein calibrating the output signal of the first photosensor ...

SPECIES SPECIFIC SENSOR FOR EXHAUST GASES AND METHOD THEREOF

A species-specific gas sensor and monitor comprising a light source, a sample enclosure or measurement chamber, an optical interface between the light source, the sample and the detection system, electronics that integrate the light source and the detection system, and computational components, such as an onboard microprocessor for calculation of the gas composition and communications between the sensor and the vehicle electronics. The species-specific gas sensor of the present invention can be used to target gases, such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) ammonia (NH), and sulfur dioxide (SO) which are measurable in the UV spectrum. 1. A species-specific optical sensor device for determining properties of a sample , said device comprising:a light source;a sample measurement chamber having an opening for said sample;an optical interface between said light source and the sample measurement chamber;a detector module; andan electronics system configured to provide energy to said device and integrates said light source, sample management chamber, and detector module.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a microprocessor.3. The device of claim 2 , further comprising a vehicle control system communicatively coupled to said microprocessor claim 2 , wherein said vehicle control system and microprocessor communicate with each other and said vehicle control system generates a signal based on data from said microprocessor.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a collimator between said sample measurement chamber and said optical interface claim 1 , wherein said collimator is configured to enhance measurement accuracy of said device.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said sample measurement chamber comprises:a light guide configured to generate an optical path of a beam emitted from said light source, anda reflective surface, configured to reflect said beam back to said light guide and through said optical interface to said detector module.6. The device ...

LIGHT RECEIVER AND MOBILE ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A light receiver capable of detecting the intensity of light in a certain wavelength range is provided. The light receiver includes a first light receiving element (PD) and a second light receiving element (PD) that have an identical spectral sensitivity characteristic, and a UV cut filter (). Light that has passed through the UV cut filter () enters the first light receiving element (PD). A subtractor is provided that calculates a difference between a photocurrent of the first light receiving element (PD) and a photocurrent of the second light receiving element (PD). 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. A light receiver including a light receiving element that allows a photocurrent to flow in response to reception of light , and a detector that detects intensity of the light on the basis of the photocurrent , comprising:as the light receiving element, a first light receiving element and a second light receiving element that are arranged adjacent to each other, and that have an identical spectral sensitivity characteristic; andan optical filter whose transmittance of light in a certain wavelength range is lower than transmittance of light in ranges other than the certain wavelength range,wherein light that has passed through the optical filter enters the first light receiving element,wherein the detector includes an arithmetic operation unit that calculates a difference between a photocurrent of the first light receiving element and a photocurrent of the second light receiving element,the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element have a sensitivity to light at least in a ultraviolet wavelength range,the optical filter has transmittance of light in the ultraviolet wavelength range that is lower than transmittance of light in ranges other than the ultraviolet wavelength range,the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element are capable of switching between a first state with a sensitivity to light in the ultraviolet range, a ...

PERSONAL RADIATION DOSIMETER AND ALERT SYSTEM

Methods, systems and computer program products for providing alerts to an individual based on their radiation level are provided. Aspects include receiving, by a processor, a radiation level of the individual from a dosimeter. Aspects also include obtaining, by the processor, schedule information for the individual. Aspects further include creating, by the processor, an alert based on the radiation level and the schedule information, wherein the alert includes a reminder of a precautionary measure that the individual should take based on the radiation level. 1. A computer-implemented method for providing alerts to an individual based on their radiation level , the method comprising:receiving, by a processor, a radiation level of the individual from a dosimeter;obtaining, by the processor, schedule information for the individual;creating, by the processor, an alert based on the radiation level and the schedule information, wherein the alert includes a reminder of a precautionary measure that the individual should take based on the radiation level;obtaining contact information for one or more high-risk individuals that the individual is likely to encounter; andproviding a warning message to the one or more high-risk individuals regarding the radiation level of the individual.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the schedule information is obtained from a calendar application accessible by the processor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the schedule information is obtained from a social networking application accessible by the processor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the schedule information includes a time and a location of an event that the individual will attend and an identity of one or more other individuals that will be at the event.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the precautionary measure is determined based on the identity of the one or more other individuals that will be at the event and based on the radiation level of the individual.6. (canceled)7. The ...

TUNABLE PHOTO-DETECTOR DEVICE

A photo-detector device may include a substrate having a bottom surface. The photo-detector device may further include a photocell secured to the bottom surface of the substrate. The photo-detector device may further include a metallic block having a top portion secured to a bottom surface of the substrate to enclose the photocell, wherein an opening is formed within the metallic block that extends from the top portion of the metallic block to a bottom portion of the metallic block to form an aperture for light to travel through the metallic block to the photocell. The photo-detector device may further include a member insertable into the metallic block to vary an open area of the aperture. 1. A photo-detector device comprising:a substrate having a bottom surface;a photocell secured to the bottom surface of the substrate;a metallic block having a top portion secured to the bottom surface of the substrate to enclose the photocell;an opening formed within the metallic block that extends from the top portion of the metallic block to a bottom portion of the metallic block to form an aperture for light to travel through the metallic block to the photocell; anda member insertable into the metallic block to vary an open area of the aperture.2. The photo-detector device of claim 1 , wherein a receptacle is formed within the metallic block.3. The photo-detector device of claim 2 , wherein the receptacle intersects the opening within the metallic block.4. The photo-detector device of claim 2 , wherein the member is insertable into the metallic block via the receptacle.5. The photo-detector device of claim 2 , wherein the member is rotatable within the receptacle to vary the open area of the aperture.6. The photo-detector device of claim 1 , wherein rotation of the member causes the aperture to substantially align with the opening of the metallic block.7. The photo-detector device of claim 1 , wherein rotation of the member causes the aperture to partially align with the ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS OF COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS FOR PREDICTING CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOUND

A method for predicting characteristics of a compound includes collecting a first experimental information database for characteristics of reference compounds according to a quantum phenomenon, collecting a simulation database for characteristics of the reference compounds according to the quantum phenomenon by applying density functional theory methods, comparing the simulation database to the first experimental information database for each reference compound to calculate accuracy of the simulation database, clustering the reference compounds into clusters based on the accuracy of the simulation database and designating a proper density functional theory method for each cluster, comparing a similarity between a test compound to predict a characteristic according to the quantum phenomenon and the reference compounds included in each cluster, determining a proper density functional theory method for the test compound according to the similarity, and conducting a simulation with the test compound according to the determined density functional theory method. 1. A method for predicting a characteristic of a compound , the method comprising:collecting a first experimental information database for characteristics of a plurality of reference compounds according to a quantum phenomenon;collecting a simulation database for characteristics of the plurality of reference compounds according to the quantum phenomenon by applying a plurality of density functional theory methods;comparing the simulation database to the first experimental information database for each reference compound of the plurality of reference compounds to calculate accuracy of the simulation database;clustering the plurality of reference compounds into a plurality of clusters based on the accuracy of the simulation database and designating a proper density functional theory method for each cluster of the plurality of clusters;comparing a similarity between a test compound to predict a characteristic ...

UV SENSOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

An ultraviolet-ray (UV) sensor is disclosed. In one embodiment, the UV sensor includes a piezoelectric material, a sensing film arranged on the piezoelectric material and senses ultraviolet rays, an elastic wave input unit arranged on one end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and provides the sensing film with an elastic wave generated based on an electrical signal and an elastic wave output unit arranged on the other end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and senses a change in frequency of the electrical signal generated based on the provided elastic wave. The UV sensor improves sensitivity of the sensor by enabling the particles having large surface areas due to their characteristics to react with a larger amount of ultraviolet rays. the UV sensor can secure price competitiveness since the UV sensor measures a change in frequency of the elastic wave using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. 1. An ultraviolet-ray (UV) sensor comprises:a piezoelectric material;a sensing film arranged on the piezoelectric material and configured to sense ultraviolet rays, wherein the sensing film includes first and second ends opposing each other;an elastic wave input unit arranged on the first end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and configured to provide the sensing film with an elastic wave generated based on an electrical signal; andan elastic wave output unit arranged on the second end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and configured to sense a change in frequency of the electrical signal generated based on the provided elastic wave.2. The UV sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing film is configured to change a speed of the elastic wave passing through a lower end of the sensing film through a change in electrical conductivity when the ultraviolet rays are sensed.3. The UV sensor of claim 1 , wherein the elastic wave input unit is configured to propagate the elastic wave generated through the electrical signal to the ...

HIGH PERFORMANCE, HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS WITH GRAPHENE HOLE EXTRACTION CONTACTS

Radiation detectors based on high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are provided. Methods for detecting ultraviolet radiation using the HEMTs are also provided. The transistors are constructed from an intrinsic high bandgap semiconductor material with a built-in polarization field sandwiched between graphene and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). 1. A high electron mobility transistor comprising:a heterostructure comprising a first layer comprising an intrinsic semiconductor and a second layer comprising a second semiconductor;a polarization charge-induced two-dimensional electron gas formed at an interface between the first layer and the second layer of the heterostructure;a layer comprising electrically conducting graphene disposed over the first layer of the heterostructure, such that the first layer of the heterostructure is disposed between the layer comprising the graphene and the two-dimensional electron gas;an anode in contact with the graphene; anda cathode in contact with the two-dimensional electron gas.2. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first intrinsic semiconductor is a first intrinsic Group III-V semiconductor and the second semiconductor is a second Group III-V semiconductor.3. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first intrinsic Group III-V semiconductor is AlGaN and the second Group III-V semiconductor is GaN.4. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a thickness of no greater than 100 nm.5. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a thickness of no greater than 50 nm.6. A high electron mobility transistor comprising:a heterostructure comprising a first layer comprising an intrinsic semiconductor, a second layer comprising a second semiconductor, and a semiconductor interlayer between the first layer and the second layer;a polarization charge-induced two-dimensional electron gas formed at an interface between the semiconductor interlayer and the second layer of the heterostructure;a layer comprising ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE LIGHT ABSORBANCE OF A SUBSTANCE IN A SOLUTION

Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring the absorbance of a substance in a solution, comprising: i) a sample cell () of known path length (b) for containing said solution (S), said cell being transparent to light of a predefined wavelength spectrum; ii) plural LED's each being independently operable by means of a controller () each for emitting light, within said predefined wavelength spectrum, along a light path; iii) a band pass filter () in the light path; iv) a beam splitter () for dividing light from said source propagating along the path into a first portion and a second portion, said first portion being directable by the beam splitter toward a reference detector () and said second portion being directable into the cell (); v) a reference detector () for detecting the intensity of said first portion of light directed by said beam splitter; and vi) a sample detector () for detecting the intensity of the second portion propagating from the cell; the apparatus allowing a sample in the cell to be inexpensively subjected to more than one wavelength of light for quicker or more accurate analysis. 1. A method for measuring the absorbance of a substance in a solution , the substance exhibiting light absorption , the method comprising the steps , in any suitable order , of:i) transmitting light having a first wavelength output from a first LED light source;ii) directing the light output from the LED through the substance in solution; andiii) quantifying the intensity of the light propagating from the solution to provide an indication of the concentration of the substance in the solution;the method being characterised in that the steps i) to iii) are repeated using a second LED light source having an output of a second wavelength different from the first wavelength.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said light propagating from the first LED light source is directed through a first band pass filter corresponding to the first wavelength and wherein said light from the ...

SPECIES SPECIFIC SENSOR FOR EXHAUST GASES AND METHOD THEREOF

A species-specific gas sensor and monitor comprising a light source, a sample enclosure or measurement chamber, an optical interface between the light source, the sample and the detection system, electronics that integrate the light source and the detection system, and computational components, such as an onboard microprocessor for calculation of the gas composition and communications between the sensor and the vehicle electronics. The species-specific gas sensor of the present invention can be used to target gases, such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) ammonia (NH), and sulfur dioxide (SO) which are measurable in the UV spectrum. 1. A species-specific optical sensor device for determining properties of a sample , said device comprising:a light source;a sample measurement chamber having an opening for said sample;an optical interface between said light source and the sample measurement chamber;a detector module; andan electronics system configured to provide energy to said device and integrates said light source, sample management chamber, and detector module.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a microprocessor.3. The device of claim 2 , further comprising a vehicle control system communicatively coupled to said microprocessor claim 2 , wherein said vehicle control system and microprocessor communicate with each other and said vehicle control system generates a signal based on data from said microprocessor.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a collimator between said sample measurement chamber and said optical interface claim 1 , wherein said collimator is configured to enhance measurement accuracy of said device.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said sample measurement chamber comprises:a light guide configured to generate an optical path of a beam emitted from said light source, anda reflective surface, configured to reflect said beam back to said light guide and through said optical interface to said detector module.6. The device ...

METHOD OF DETERMINING CONCENTRATION VALUES OF AN ANALYTE

A method for calibrating a measurement signal and/or for tracking a quantitative variable comprises the measuring of an analyte which exists in a solution with a certain concentration and has predetermined decay kinetics and the generating of a continuous measurement signal having decay kinetics at least corresponding to those of the analyte. The decay kinetics of the measurement signal and the decay kinetics of the analyte are correlated using at least one predetermined calibration point of both decay curves. Subsequent concentration values of the analyte are then calculated from the measurement signal. 117-. (canceled)18. Method for determining concentration values of an analyte , comprising:measuring an analyte which exists in a solution with a certain concentration and has predetermined decay kinetics and generating a continuous measurement signal having decay kinetics at least corresponding to those of the analyte;correlating the decay kinetics of the measurement signal with the decay kinetics of the analyte using at least one predetermined calibration point between the decay kinetics of the measurement signal and the decay kinetics of the analyte; andcalculating subsequent concentration values of the analyte from the correlated measurement signal.19. Method according to claim 18 , further comprising:selecting a first measurement signal course obtained for a first quantitative variable among a plurality of measurement signal courses obtained for the first quantitative variable and for at least one second quantitative variable;carrying out a calibration for at least one measured value of a second measurement signal course with the second quantitative variable from the measurement of the corresponding measured value with the first quantitative variable;checking all measured values obtained with the first quantitative variable and the second quantitative variable to determine linear connectedness; andwhenever linear connectedness is determined, calculating at ...

CHLORINE DIOXIDE GAS CONCENTRATION MEASURING APPARATUS

A measuring apparatus is capable of measuring chlorine dioxide gas concentration by correcting for changes in light emission of an LED due to heating and passage of time, and applying the correction to the optical absorption rate of chlorine dioxide gas at a photodetector. The measuring apparatus includes a main body with a measuring passage surrounded by a pair of transparent bodies, into which specimen gas or fresh air is fed and then discharged, and a comparing passage arranged in the vicinity of the measuring passage, into which no specimen gas is fed, first and second LEDs for emitting ultraviolet light which both have identical properties and are mounted at one end of the measuring passage and at one end of the comparing passage, respectively, and first and second photodetectors for receiving light respectively from the first and second LEDs and detecting a light emission amount thereof. 1. A concentration measuring apparatus for measuring a concentration of chlorine dioxide gas in a sample gas selectively fed via a conduit into the apparatus from a plurality of locations in an enclosed space , by means of a change in an amount of ultraviolet light from a LED , using the sample gas which is separately sucked through a plurality of sample gas suction tubes in the enclosed space and fresh air which is sucked from outside the enclosed space , the apparatus comprising:a main body having a measuring passage surrounded by a pair of transparent bodies that transmit light and into which the sample gas or fresh air is fed respectively from inside or outside of the enclosed space and then discharged, and a comparing passage arranged in the vicinity of the measuring passage and into which only fresh air is fed from outside the enclosed space;a first LED and a second LED for emitting ultraviolet light which both have identical properties and are respectively mounted at one end of the measuring passage and at one end of the comparing passage;a first photodetector and a ...

CALIBRATION OF A SPECTRAL ANALYSIS MODULE

An apparatus includes a material having an optical transition profile with a known energy transition; and a detector configured to detect a characteristic associated with the interaction between the material and the testing light beam. The testing light beam is either a primary light beam produced by an optical source or a calibration light beam. The apparatus also includes a spectral analysis module placed in a path of the primary light beam; and a control system connected to the detector and to the spectral detection system. The control system is configured to determine a reference spectral profile of the primary light beam based on the detected characteristic; compare the reference spectral profile of the primary light beam with a sensed spectral profile of the primary light beam output from the spectral detection system; and based on this comparison, adjust a scale of the spectral detection system. 115-. (canceled)16. A method comprising:detecting an intrinsic transition profile of a known energy transition of a calibration material by detecting a characteristic associated with the interaction between the calibration material and a calibration light beam while the calibration light beam is directed through the calibration material and while the wavelength of the calibration light beam is scanned across the known energy transition;detecting a convolved transition profile in which the intrinsic transition profile is altered by a spectral shape of a primary light beam, wherein detecting the convolved transition profile comprises detecting a characteristic associated with the interaction between the calibration material and the primary light beam while the primary light beam is directed through the calibration material and while the wavelength of the primary light beam is scanned across the known energy transition;deconvolving the intrinsic transition profile from the spectral shape of the primary light beam within the detected convolved transition profile to ...

OPTICAL MEASUREMENT

An optical apparatus comprises an ultraviolet light source () configured to transmit the ultraviolet light to a sample (), one or more wavelength dependent beam splitters () and at least two separate detectors (). Each beam splitter () receives, from the sample (), a band of excitating ultraviolet light and at least one band of fluorescence associated with an interaction between the excitating ultraviolet light and the sample () in the optical path through the sample (), directs the band of excitating ultraviolet light passed through the sample () towards a first detector (), and directs the at least one band of the fluorescence towards at least one separate detector (). The first detector () and the at least one separate detector () are simultaneously configured to form electrical signals carrying information on powers of the bands of the ultraviolet light and the fluorescence, respectively. The signal processing unit () configured to measure the at least one property of the sample () on the basis of a signal from the first detector () and each signal from the at least one separate detector (). 118-. (canceled)19100102104304404310316118120312314318320106108308408. An optical apparatus , characterized in that the apparatus comprises an ultraviolet light source () configured to transmit the ultraviolet light to a sample () , one or more wavelength dependent beam splitters ( , , ) , at least one backscattering beam , splitter ( , ) , at least two back scattering detectors ( , , , , , ) and at least two separate detectors ( , , , );{'b': 104', '304', '404, 'each beam splitter (, , ) is configured to'}{'b': 102', '102', '102, 'receive, from the sample (), a band of excitating ultraviolet light and at least one band of fluorescence associated with an interaction, between the excitating ultraviolet light and the sample () in the optical path through the sample (),'}{'b': 102', '106, 'direct the hand of exciting ultraviolet light passed through the sample () towards a ...

METHOD FOR DETECTING IODINE CONCENTRATION IN WATER SAMPLES

A method for detecting concentration of iodine in water samples. An arsenite-containing test solution, a tetravalent cerium ion-containing test solution and a series of iodine-containing standard solutions are prepared. The standard solutions are added to primary wells of a microplate, respectively. A water sample is added to a secondary well. The arsenite-containing test solution and the tetravalent cerium ion-containing test solution are sequentially added to the primary wells and the secondary well. Reaction mixture in each well is reacted and then measured for absorbance by a detector. A standard curve is plotted according to the absorbance of each primary well and a concentration of each iodine-containing standard solution. The absorbance of the sample is plugged into the standard curve to obtain an iodine concentration in the sample. 1. A method for detecting concentration of iodine in a water sample , comprising:preparing a test solution A, a test solution B and an iodine-containing stock solution; and diluting the iodine-containing stock solution to prepare a series of iodine-containing standard solutions with different concentrations;adding the iodine-containing standard solutions to a plurality of primary wells of a microplate, respectively; and adding the water sample to a secondary well of the microplate;adding the test solution A to the primary wells respectively containing the iodine-containing standard solutions and the secondary well containing the water sample;adding the test solution B to the primary wells respectively containing the iodine-containing standard solutions and the secondary well containing the water sample;reacting the reaction mixture in each well;after the reaction is completed, detecting an absorbance of the reaction mixture in each well under a preset wavelength by a detector;plotting a standard curve according to the absorbance of each primary well and a concentration of each iodine-containing standard solution; andplugging the ...

PORTABLE CORTISOL SENSING PLATFORM BASED ON COMPACT UV LIGHT SOURCES

Systems and methods for detecting a biological analyte are provided. The biological analyte can be, for example, cortisol. Detection can be achieved without external labels/mediators. Microfluidic systems can be incorporated into the optical sensor for enhanced point-of-care applications. The sensor can be used in a variety of low-power electronics for wearable applications. 1. A method for measuring the concentration of a target analyte in a test sample , the method comprising:providing a sensing apparatus comprising a light source, a photodetector, a device configured to measure and display a response of the photodetector, and an optically transparent container, the photodetector being positioned opposite the light source and the container being positioned between the light source and the photodetector;providing power to the light source;determining a calibration curve by measuring the optical absorption of at least one calibration sample, each calibration sample having a distinctly different concentration of the target analyte;providing a test sample having an unknown concentration of the target analyte;measuring the optical absorption of the test sample; anddetermining the concentration of the target analyte based on the measured optical absorption of the test sample using the calibration curve.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the target analyte is a steroid hormone selected from cortisol claim 1 , progesterone claim 1 , prednisolone claim 1 , testosterone claim 1 , and estradiol.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the optical absorption is quantified by the absolute numeric difference between the response of the photodetector of an empty portion of the container and that of a sample in the same container.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the test sample is a human physiological fluid selected from sweat claim 1 , saliva claim 1 , blood claim 1 , plasma claim 1 , serum claim 1 , urine claim 1 , cerebrospinal fluid claim 1 , and ...

CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT DEVICE

A concentration measuring device comprises: a measurement cell having a flow path, a light source , a photodetector for detecting light emitted from the measurement cell, and an arithmetic circuit for calculating light absorbance and concentration of a fluid to be measured on the basis of an output of the photodetector, the measurement cell includes a cell body, a window portion fixed to the cell body so as to contact the flow path, and a reflective member for reflecting light incident on the measurement cell through the window portion, the window portion is fixed to the cell body by a window holding member via a gasket , an annular sealing protrusion is provided on a first surface of the gasket for supporting the window portion, and an annular sealing protrusion is also provided on a support surface of the cell body for supporting the second surface opposite to the first surface of the gasket. 1. A concentration measurement device comprising: a measurement cell having a flow path for flowing a fluid to be measured; a light source for emitting incident light to the measurement cell; a photodetector for detecting light emitted from the measurement cell; and an arithmetic circuit for calculating absorbance and concentration of the fluid to be measured on the basis of an output from the photodetector , whereinthe measurement cell includes a cell body, a window portion fixed to the cell body so as to contact the flow path, and a reflecting member disposed opposite to the window portion across the flow path, the reflecting member reflecting light incident on the measurement cell through the window portion from the light source and reflecting the light from the measurement cell through the window portion,the window portion is fixed to the cell body by a window holding member via a gasket, surfaces of the window portion being disposed so as to be inclined at an inclination angle of equal to or greater than 1° and equal to or less than 5° with respect to a surface ...

SYSTEM FOR DETECTING A TARGET MATERIAL IN A SAMPLE USING LIQUID CRYSTALS

A system for detecting a target material in a sample. The system includes a sensor, a light source, an image-capturing device, two linear-crossed polarizers including a first polarizer and a second polarizer, and a processing unit. The sensor is configured to place the sample thereon and includes a fabric impregnated with liquid crystals (LCs). The light source is configured to transmit a beam of light through a path passing from the first polarizer, the sensor, and the second polarizer. The image-capturing device is configured to capture an image of a surface of the second polarizer. The image contains a pattern formed by orientations of LCs corresponding to the sample. The processing unit is configured to detect a presence of the target material in the sample by analyzing the captured image. 1. A system for detecting a target material in a sample , comprising: a fabric comprising an array of pixels, each respective pixel of the array of pixels comprising a square hole formed by texture of the fabric; and', 'liquid crystals (LCs) impregnated into the array of pixels;, 'a sensor configured to hold the sample placed thereon, the sensor comprisinga light source;an image-capturing device; a first polarizer placed between the light source and the sensor; and', 'a second polarizer placed between the sensor and the image-capturing device; and, 'two linear crossed polarizers; comprising a memory having processor-readable instructions stored therein; and', transmitting, utilizing the light source, a light beam through a path comprising the first polarizer, the sensor, and the second polarizer;', 'capturing, utilizing the image-capturing device, an image from a surface of the second polarizer, the image comprising a pattern formed by orientations of the LCs; and', 'detecting a presence of the target material in the sample by analyzing the pattern formed by orientations of the LCs., 'a processor configured to access the memory and execute the processor-readable instructions, ...

OPTICAL SENSOR DEVICE

An optical sensor device comprises a first and a second optical sensor arrangement. In the first optical sensor arrangement at least one optical sensor structure measures the incidence angle of incoming light that is approximately on the main beam axis of a light source. The second optical sensor arrangement comprises at least one optical sensor structure with at least one optical sensor, at least two metal layers and opaque walls optically isolating the optical sensor. An evaluation circuit provides an output signal of the second optical sensor arrangement under the condition that the incidence angle measured by the first optical sensor arrangement lies within a set interval. 1. An optical sensor device , comprising:a first optical sensor arrangement including at least one optical sensor structure, measuring the incidence angle of incoming light (θ) that is approximately on the main beam axis of a light source;a second optical sensor arrangement comprising at least one optical sensor structure having at least one optical sensor with a light-sensitive surface, a metal layer structure forming an aperture above the optical sensor including at least two metal layers, one in or above the plane of the optical sensor and the other one stacked further above, and opaque walls connecting the metal layers and optically isolating the optical sensor; andan evaluation circuit which is connected to outputs of the first and the second optical sensor arrangement and which provides an output signal of the second optical sensor arrangement under the condition that the incidence angle measured by the first optical sensor arrangement lies within a set interval.2. The optical sensor device according to claim 1 , wherein the first optical sensor arrangement comprises the at least one optical sensor structure claim 1 , having at least one optical sensor with a light-sensitive surface claim 1 , a metal layer structure forming an aperture above the optical sensor including at least two ...

Caloric Intake Measuring System using Spectroscopic and 3D Imaging Analysis

This invention is a caloric intake measuring system comprising: a spectroscopic sensor that collects data concerning light that is absorbed by or reflected from food, wherein this food is to be consumed by a person, and wherein this data is used to estimate the composition of this food; and an imaging device that takes images of this food from different angles, wherein these images from different angles are used to estimate the quantity of this food. Information concerning the estimated composition of the food and information concerning the estimated quantity of the food can be combined to estimate the person's caloric intake. 1. A caloric intake measuring system comprising:a spectroscopic sensor that collects data concerning light that is absorbed by or reflected from food, wherein this food is to be consumed by a person, and wherein this data is used to estimate the composition of this food; andan imaging device that takes images of this food from different angles, wherein these images from different angles are used to estimate the quantity of this food.2. The system in wherein information concerning the estimated composition of the food and information concerning the estimated quantity of the food are combined to estimate the person's caloric intake.3. The system in wherein estimation of the composition of the food comprises estimating one or more nutrients or ingredients selected from the group consisting of: a specific type of carbohydrate claim 1 , a class of carbohydrates claim 1 , or all carbohydrates; a specific type of sugar claim 1 , a class of sugars claim 1 , or all sugars; a specific type of fat claim 1 , a class of fats claim 1 , or all fats; a specific type of cholesterol claim 1 , a class of cholesterols claim 1 , or all cholesterols; a specific type of protein claim 1 , a class of proteins claim 1 , or all proteins; a specific type of fiber claim 1 , a class of fiber claim 1 , or all fiber; a specific sodium compound claim 1 , a class of sodium ...