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Изобретение относится к измерению влажности природного газа по методу определения температуры точки росы в условиях высокого содержания паров высших углеводородов. В способе определения температуры точки росы по воде в природном газе, основанном на измерении температуры охлаждаемого зеркала в момент начала конденсации на нем паров воды, для контроля состояния поверхности зеркала используются радиоволны сaнтиметрового или миллиметрового диапазонов. Измерительная ячейка гигрометра содержит диэлектрический волновод, охлаждаемый термоэлектрическим модулем, и датчик температуры поверхности волновода. С одного копна волновода размещается источник СВЧ/КВЧ-волн, с другого - детектор этих волн. При охлаждении волновода ниже температуры точки росы на нем начинают конденсироваться капельки влаги, при этом из-за поглощения радиоволны СВЧ/КВЧ-диапазона в воде амплитуда сигнала с детектора падает, что фиксируется электронной схемой. На пленку конденсата высших углеводородов устройство практически не ...

ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЙ РАДИОФИЗИЧЕСКИЙ СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ГЛИНЫ В ПОЧВАХ

Данное изобретение относится к способам измерений на СВЧ и может быть использовано в сельском хозяйстве, мелиорации при составлении земельного кадастра для определения гранулометрического класса почв. Технический результат заключается в повышении точности дистанционного определения содержания в почве физической глины. Он достигается тем, что дистанционный радиофизический способ определения содержания физической глины в почвах основан на излучении электромагнитных волн почвами, при этом в полевых условиях измеряют радиояркостную температуру почвы и термодинамическую температуру почвы до промерзания и после промерзания почвы, определяют коэффициенты собственного радиотеплового излучения почвы до промерзания и после промерзания на глубину, превышающую глубину зондирования, далее определяют объемную долю льда и максимальную объемную долю связанной влаги Wt, используя коэффициенты излучения почвы до промерзания и после промерзания, с помощью регрессионных уравнений или графически, содержание ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РАСХОДА ДВУХКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В ТРУБОПРОВОДЕ

Изобретение может быть использовано для измерения объемного расхода потока нефти с влажностью не более 5%. Устройство содержит первый и второй генераторы, соединенные через входные элементы связи с соответствующими входами первого и второго кольцевых резонаторов, выходные элементы связи, подключенные через первый и второй детекторы ко входам первого и второго измерителей амплитудно-частотных характеристик, коррелятор и вычислитель, подключенные ко входам умножителя, выход которого является выходом устройства. Резонаторы выполнены в виде свернутых волноводов, встроенных последовательно в трубопровод. По резонансной частоте одного из резонаторов определяют влагосодержание обводненного нефтепотока. Изобретение обеспечивает повышение точности измерения. 1 ил.

ВЛАГОМЕР

Влагомер относится к измерительной технике и может быть использован для контроля влажности материалов путем измерения комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости. Влагомер содержит перестраиваемый по частоте генератор гармонического сигнала, электронное устройство управления генератором, устройство измерения, первичный преобразователь, образованный внешним экранным и сигнальным проводниками, измерительную ячейку, включенную между выходом генератора и входом первичного преобразователя. Измерительная ячейка содержит резистор, первый вывод которого соединен с выходом генератора, а второй вывод соединен с входом первичного преобразователя, первый детектор, подключенный к первому выводу резистора, второй детектор, подключенный ко второму выводу резистора, выходы детекторов подключены к устройству измерения. Техническим результатом является повышение точности, обеспечение независимости измерений от плотности материала при малых влажностях. 2 з.п. ф-лы,1 ил.

ВЛАГОМЕР - ДИЭЛЬКОМЕТР (ВАРИАНТЫ)

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СВЧ-СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОГО ПРОЦЕНТНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ВЛАГОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРИСАДОК В ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДАХ И ТОПЛИВАХ

Изобретение относится к способам определения влажности жидких углеводородов для применения в нефтехимической промышленности и лабораторной практике для контроля качества горючесмазочных материалов. Техническим результатом является повышение точности измерений. СВЧ-способ определения объемного процентного содержания влагосодержащих присадок в жидких углеводородах и топливах, в котором жидкий углеводород или топливо фиксированного уровня помещают в цилиндрический объемный резонатор и возбуждают электромагнитное колебание типа Н011. Измеряют нагруженную добротность при температуре t1 и дополнительно измеряют нагруженную добротность при меньшей температуре t2, при этом объемное процентное содержание влагосодержащей присадки определяют по приведенной математической формуле. 2 ил.

СВЧ-СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОЙ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ТВЕРДЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, ВЛАЖНОСТИ ПО ОБЪЕМУ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ, НОРМАЛЬНОГО К ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ГРАДИЕНТА ВЛАЖНОСТИ, ИУСТРОЙСТВО ЕГО РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ

Изобретение относится к способам определения влажности твердых материалов и может быть использовано в строительстве, в химической и других отраслях промышленности. Технический результат изобретения заключается в увеличении чувствительности, повышении точности измерения влажности поверхностного слоя, расширении функциональных возможностей за счет дополнительного определения интегральной влажности по объему взаимодействия и среднего градиента изменения влажности по нормали к поверхности внутри материала, а также уменьшения паразитного СВЧ-излучения. СВЧ-способ определения влажности твердых материалов по углу Брюстера заключается в помещении исследуемого материала в высокочастотное электромагнитное поле с последующей регистрацией изменения параметров, характеризующих высокочастотное излучение. Сферическая двухповерхностная многощелевая антенна с электронно-управляемой диаграммой направленности возбуждает электромагнитную волну, падающую на диэлектрический материал. Изменяют угол наклона диаграммы ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ДОЛИ ЖИДКОЙ ФАЗЫ В ПОТОКЕ ГАЗОЖИДКОСТНОЙ СМЕСИ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к области измерительной техники и может быть использовано для определения объемной доли жидкости в потоке газожидкостной смеси (ГЖС) в рабочих условиях. Устройство содержит блок управления частотой, микроволновый генератор, делитель мощности, измерительный микроволновый резонатор, опорный микроволновый резонатор, амплитудный детектор измерительного резонатора, амплитудный детектор опорного резонатора, блок измерения и обработки частоты, датчик давления и датчик температуры. Измерительный и опорный микроволновые резонаторы идентичны по электрическим характеристикам и выполнены в виде открытых цилиндрических резонаторов. В качестве цилиндрической полости измерительного микроволнового резонатора используется собственный объем горловины сужающего устройства измерительной секции. Техническим результатом предложенного изобретения является возможность измерения объемной доли жидкой фазы в потоке ГЖС, без возмущения потока ГЖС и уменьшение нестабильности выходного сигнала ...

СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАГОСОДЕРЖАНИЯ СМЕСИ И ДАТЧИК ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к технике измерения на СВЧ и позволяет повысить точность и диапазон измерения влагосодержания различных жидких сред, в частности нефтепродуктов. Для достижения указанного технического результата способ включает возбуждение ТЕМ волн генератором, перестраиваемым по частоте, в коаксиальном резонаторе, в котором протекает поток смеси, и измерение амплитудно-частотной характеристики мощности ТЕМ волн. Для смеси с заранее заданными показателями влагосодержания смеси в амплитудно-частотной характеристике мощности ТЕМ волн дополнительно измеряют частотное положение резонансных провалов волн H11 на амплитудно-частотной характеристике ТЕМ волн. По положению резонансных провалов волн H11 определяют калибровочную зависимость влагосодержания от частоты для волн H11. Для исследуемого потока смеси судят о влагосодержании по упомянутой калибровочной зависимости, измеряя положение частотного резонансного провала волны H11 исследуемого потока. Датчик содержит отрезок коаксиальной линии ...

СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАГОСОДЕРЖАНИЯ ТРЕХКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ ИЗ ДОБЫВАЮЩИХ НЕФТЯНЫХ СКВАЖИН С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОНИЦАЕМОСТИ И ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДИМОСТИ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике. Во влагомере согласно изобретению используют два принципа действия: диэлькометрический метод измерения влагосодержания при смесях нефти с водой, когда непрерывной фазой является нефть, и метод электропроводимости, когда непрерывной фазой является вода. В рамках диэлькометрического метода используют зондирование измеряемой смеси высокочастотными электромагнитными волнами в рабочем диапазоне частот объемного резонатора радиоволнового датчика, а в рамках метода электропроводимости применяют кондуктометрический принцип измерения электропроводимости тороидальными сенсорами. Соответственно заложено два режима работы и две градуировки («радиоволновой» при типе смеси с непрерывной нефтяной фазой и «электропроводный» при смесях с водной непрерывной фазой), при этом режим работы выбирается автоматически на основании определения типа смеси с помощью анализа значения резонансной частоты. Влагомер состоит из зондирующего блока, содержащего объемный высокочастотный ...

Способ измерения влагосодержания в водонефтяных смесях и устройство для его реализации

Заявленная группа изобретений относится к исследованиям и анализам материалов и жидкостей с помощью высокочастотного сигнала и может применяться при измерении количества и качества нефти при добыче и транспортировке в нефтедобывающей и нефтеперерабатывающей отраслях промышленности, конкретно - измерения влагосодержания нефти. Уменьшение погрешности измерений влагосодержания водонефтяных смесей с различным составом и количеством растворенных солей является техническим результатом изобретения, который достигается при измерении и вычислении влагосодержания массива опорных спектров в диапазоне зондирующего сигнала от 1 до 3000 МГц при помощи полоскового СВЧ-сенсора и при использовании эталонной смеси в памяти контроллера, в котором программное обеспечение сравнивает измеренный спектр с набором массива опорных спектров и затем методом интерполяции от опорных спектров контроллер пересчитывает измеренные характеристики исследуемой водонефтяной смеси и вычисляет параметры исследуемой водонефтяной ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАГОСОДЕРЖАНИЯ ЖИДКОСТИ

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике, в частности к промышленным влагомерам.Устройство для измерения влагосодержания жидкости содержит два измерительных участка, на каждом из которых размещен резонатор, включенный в качестве частотозадающего элемента в схему соответствующего автогенератора, выходом соединенного с соответствующим входом вычислительного устройства, выход которого подключен к регистратору. Каждый резонатор выполнен в виде кольцевого резонатора, содержащего подсоединенные к трубопроводу на каждом измерительном участке направленные друг на друга передающую антенну и соответствующую ей приемную антенну, трехплечий циркулятор, одним плечом подсоединенный к передающей антенне, другим плечом - к приемной антенне, а его третье плечо соединено со входом автогенератора. Технический результат – расширение функциональных возможностей устройства. 1 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ СЫПУЧИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Устройство для определения влажности сыпучих материалов, содержащее генератор СВЧ, кювету для исследуемого материала, выполненную в виде отрезка круглого волновода, и приемник измерительного сигнала, отличающееся тем, что оно снабжено источником внешнего воздействия для уплотнения материала и вибратором направленных колебаний, жестко связанным с кюветой для исследуемого сыпучего материала.

ПОТОЧНЫЙ СВЧ-ВЛАГОМЕР

Полезная модель направлена на расширение диапазона измерений и повышение точности измерений влажности материала в потоке.Данный технический результат достигается тем, что в поточном СВЧ-влагомере, содержащем источник электромагнитной энергии, измерительный блок, подключенный к вычислительному блоку, измерительную секцию в виде отрезка трубы, снабженную элементами возбуждения и съема электромагнитной энергии, выполненными в виде рупорных антенн, расположенных в направлении, перпендикулярном движению потока с внешних противоположных сторон измерительной секции в виде отрезка трубы, соединенными соответственно с источником электромагнитной энергии и измерительным блоком, внутри измерительной секции в виде отрезка трубы дополнительно введена диэлектрическая пластина, расположенная в центре трубы по ее оси в направлении движения потока между элементами возбуждения и съема электромагнитной энергии, выполненными в виде рупорных антенн.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ

Устройство для измерения влажности, содержащее чувствительный элемент, измерительное устройство, включенное в схему чувствительного элемента, отличающееся тем, что чувствительный элемент, выполненный в виде системы электродов ионизатор - база, помещен в проточную часть устройства, электрод - ионизатор является рабочим электродом, подключенным к источнику, а в цепь базового электрода, являющегося измерительным электродом, включен измерительный прибор.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ДОЛИ ВОДЫ В ТРУБОПРОВОДЕ С ГАЗОЖИДКОСТНОЙ СМЕСЬЮ

Полезная модель относится к области измерительной техники и может быть использована в газовой и нефтедобывающей промышленности для определения объемной доли воды в трубопроводе с газожидкостной смесью без разделения на фракции продуктов непосредственно на скважинах или на коллекторных участках первичной переработки газоконденсатных и нефтегазовых промыслов в реальном масштабе времени. Технический результат - повышение точности определения объемной доли воды в потоке газожидкостной смеси в трубопроводе за счет исключения влияния ее солености на результаты измерения. В устройстве, содержащем отрезок трубы из диэлектрического материала, пропущенный через витки двух идентичных катушек, соединенных одна с опорным, другая - с измерительным автогенераторами, внутри катушки, соединенной с опорным автогенератором, размещен электрический экран с продольной щелью (экран Фарадея), охватывающий трубу.

СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ЗЕРНА ЗЕРНОВЫХ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР

Изобретение относится к исследованию и анализу материалов, а именно к способам определения влажности зерна зерновых сельскохозяйственных культур, в том числе подсолнечника, кукурузы и рапса. Техническим результатом является возможность дистанционно осуществлять оперативный контроль влажности зерна зерновых сельскохозяйственных культур, произрастающих непосредственно на полях, и принять решение о моменте начала уборки урожая. В предложенном способе измеряют мощность СВЧ-излучения, отраженного от исследуемого соцветия зерновой сельскохозяйственной культуры, и сравнивают с мощностью СВЧ-излучения, отраженного от соцветия зерновой сельскохозяйственной культуры с известной или базовой влажностью, например 7%, и при помощи калибровочной кривой, связывающей изменение мощности СВЧ-излучения, отраженного от соцветия зерновой сельскохозяйственной культуры, с влажностью сельскохозяйственного материала, определяют влажность зерна. 2 ил.

СПОСОБ ЗОНДОВОЙ СВЧ-ВЛАГОМЕТРИИ

Изобретение относится к технике влагометрии на СВЧ и может быть использовано для измерения влажности локальных участков диэлектрических сред, а также для определения профиля или плана распределения влажности, в частности, тепличных субстратов, почвогрунтов, сыпучих минеральных удобрений, зернопродуктов и т.п. Задачей данного изобретения является обеспечение возможности измерения влажности локальных участков диэлектрических сред, а также повышение точности измерения и упрощения эксплуатации. Это достигается тем, что способ зондовой СВЧ-влагометрии заключается во внедрении в исследуемую среду первичного преобразователя влажности в параметры СВЧ-поля, предварительно откалиброванного в сухой среде, и взаимодействии первичного измерительного преобразователя с исследуемым участком диэлектрической среды посредством локального электромагнитного СВЧ-поля высокодобротного диэлектрического резонатора, являющегося чувствительным элементом первичного измерительного преобразователя, определении значений ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ПИЛОМАТЕРИАЛОВ В ШТАБЕЛЕ

Использование: для измерения влажности пиломатериалов из древесины в штабелях при хранении и сушке. Мущность изобретения: устройство содержит два измерительных электрода, соединенных с блоком индикации. Измерительные электроды размещены без зазора между двумя горизонтальными рядами пиломатериалов в штабеле. Измерительные электроды выполнены в виде металлической ленты, закрепленной по меньшей мере на одной из горизонтальных поверхностей стержня, выполненного из диэлектрического материала, например из древесины. 1 ил.

ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ВЛАЖНОСТИ САПРОПЕЛЯ ПОЧВЫ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, а именно к устройству измерения влажности почвы, и может быть использовано для определения влажности сапропеля и почвы в полевых условиях. Повышение точности измерений влажности на необходимой глубине почвы является техническим результатом, который достигается необходимой формой электродов и соответствующей электронной схемой устройства измерения, установленного на металлическом основании, создающих цепь зондирующего сигнала от устройства измерения к устройству регистрации, при этом устройство содержит электронную схему резистивного сенсора влажности в виде двух разделенных диэлектриком электродов, которые с помощью диэлектрической крышки вдавливаются в массу сапропеля или грунта и соприкасаются с ними, а вырабатываемый сигнал, характеризующий степень влажности, поступает через ячейку в устройство обработки данных, в котором в соответствии с заложенными в память процессора данными с учетом набора температур проводят вычисление содержания влаги ...

ГЕОРАДАРНЫЙ СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ, ЗАГРЯЗНЕННОСТИ И ТОЛЩИНЫ СЛОЕВ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОЙ И АВТОДОРОЖНОЙ НАСЫПИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ОТРАЖАТЕЛЬНОГО ГЕОТЕКСТИЛЯ

Изобретение относится к области подповерхностной радиолокации и контроля насыпи железных дорог и автодорог. Влажность, загрязненность и толщину слоев насыпи определяют с помощью георадара. В составе насыпи железной или автодороги применяют один или несколько слоев отражательного геотекстиля. Отражательный геотекстиль включает электропроводящие элементы. Измеряют электромагнитные сигналы георадара, отраженные от электропроводящих элементов геотекстиля. Результаты численно обрабатывают на ЭВМ. Затухание отраженных электромагнитных сигналов определяют по амплитуде, а показатель преломления - по скорости сигналов. Влажность насыпи определяют по показателю преломления, а загрязненность - по показателю преломления и затуханию сигналов. Толщину и влажность слоев слоисто-неоднородной насыпи определяют по форме годографа отраженных сигналов. Способ является бесконтактным, неразрушающим, быстрым и эффективным. Технический результат заключается в увеличении эффективности и качества обследования насыпи ...

СВЧ-УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАГОСОДЕРЖАНИЯ В НЕФТИ И НЕФТЕПРОДУКТАХ

Использование: контроль качества нефтепродуктов. Сущность изобретения: СВЧ устройство для измерения влагосодержания в нефтепродуктах и нефти содержит первичный измерительный преобразователь, выполненный в виде СВЧ линии передачи, в качестве которой использован металлический проводник. Металлический проводник электрически связан с генератором СВЧ колебаний и приемником прошедших через исследуемый продукт СВЧ колебаний. Приведено выражение для расчета диаметра металлического проводника. Отрезок трубопровода может быть покрыт материалом, поглощающим СВЧ излучения. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ЖИДКОСТИ В ЕМКОСТИ

Изобретение относится к устройству измерения физических свойств жидкости в емкости. Повышение точности измерения является техническим результатом заявленного устройства, которое представляет собой первый рабочий чувствительный элемент в виде первого резонатора - отрезка коаксиальной линии, заполняемого контролируемой жидкостью, между полым внутренним и наружным проводниками которого размещена совокупность одного или более соосных с ними и вложенных один в другой металлических цилиндров, поочередно короткозамкнутых и разомкнутых на одном из их концов, и эталонный чувствительный элемент в виде второго резонатора, заполняемого эталонной жидкостью, являющегося полостью внутреннего проводника первого резонатора, при этом оба резонатора подключены через соответствующие элементы возбуждения и съема колебаний и линии связи этих резонаторов с соответствующими электронными блоками, выходы которых подсоединены к входу функционального преобразователя, подсоединенного выходом к индикатору. Второй резонатор ...

Способ и устройство для определения состава водонефтяной смеси

Изобретение относится к области электротехники и может быть использовано в нефтедобывающей и нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности для определения содержания воды и нефти в составе водонефтяной смеси. Техническим результатом является повышение точности и скорости определения состава водонефтяной смеси, который достигается при реализации способа определения состава водонефтяной смеси, включающего размещение водонефтяной смеси в капилляре, выполненном из прозрачного для электромагнитного излучения материала, с внутренним диаметром от 10 мкм до 200 мкм, воздействие на водонефтяную смесь электромагнитными колебаниями в диапазоне от 3 ТГц до 30 ТГц при значениях толщины стенки капилляра от 10 мкм до 100 мкм либо от 0,03 ТГц до 3 ТГц при значениях толщины стенки капилляра от 10 мкм до 200 мкм и измерение значений поглощения водонефтяной смесью электромагнитных колебаний. Определение содержания воды и нефти в составе водонефтяной смеси проводится путем сравнения измеренных на предыдущем этапе значений ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ

Устройство для измерения влажности позволяет повысить точность при измерении влажности в потоке сыпучих и гранулированных материалов благодаря поршню, установленному в защитной трубе в резонаторе. Поршень, совершающий возвратно-поступательные движения вдоль всей длины резонатора, выполнен в виде перевернутого стакана, в котором установлен калибратор с возможностью ввода его в резонатор.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ШТАБЕЛЯ ПИЛОМАТЕРИАЛОВ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ВАКУУМНО-ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ СУШКИ

Устройство относится к измерительной технике, в частности к измерению влагосодержания. Предлагаемое устройство предназначено для определения влажности штабеля пиломатериалов в процессе его сушки за счет высокочастотного (ВЧ) нагрева в вакуумной камере. Изобретение способствует увеличению токсичности измерения влажности пиломатериалов в процессе вакуумно-диэлектрической сушки. Для этого приемо-передающая антенна выполнена в виде диэлектрического стержня, закругленным концом контактирующего подвижно с поверхностью штабеля пиломатериалов, например с помощью установки на корпусе устройства пружинного подвеса, причем генератор СВЧ содержит блок частотной модуляции, связанный с блоком усреднения измеряемой влажности в полосе частот индикатора. При этом подвижная установка антенны позволяет перемещением корпуса устройства скомпенсировать изменение расстояния от антенны до штабеля за счет усушки штабеля и неплоскостности его поверхности.

НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩИЙ СВЧ-СПОСОБ КОНТРОЛЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ТВЕРДЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ

... 1. СВЧ-способ определения влажности твердых материалов по углу Брюстера, заключающийся в помещении исследуемого материала в высокочастотное электромагнитное поле с последующей регистрацией изменения параметров, характеризующих высокочастотное излучение, отличающийся тем, что с помощью устройства возбуждения электромагнитных волн, представляющего собой кольцевую переменнофазовую многощелевую излучающую апертуру с электронно-управляемой диаграммой направленности, на длине волны λг генератора СВЧ возбуждают электромагнитную волну, падающую на диэлектрический материал под углом ΘГЛ, изменяют угол наклона диаграммы направленности излучающей апертуры путем варьирования длины волны генератора СВЧ до момента, при котором наблюдается минимум мощности отраженной волны, определяют длину волны генератора СВЧ λгБр и рассчитывают угол Брюстера ΘБр=ΘГЛ±ΔΘ±, где ΘГЛ - угол наклона диаграммы направленности главного лепестка в начальный момент времени при λг; ΔΘ± - отклонение максимума диаграммы направленности ...

СВЧ-СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОГО ПРОЦЕНТНОГО СОДЕРЖАПНИЯ ВЛАГОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРИСАДОК В ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДАХ И ТОПЛИВАХ

СВЧ-способ определения объемного процентного содержания влагосодержащих присадок в жидких углеводородах и топливах, заключающийся в том, что жидкий углеводород или топливо фиксированного уровня помещают горизонтально в цилиндрический объемный резонатор, возбуждают электромагнитное колебание типа Н011, измеряют нагруженную добротность при температуре t1, отличающийся тем, что дополнительно измеряют нагруженную добротность при температуре t2, объемное процентное содержание влагосодержащей присадки Vпр определяют по формуле где - объемное процентное содержание растворенной влаги в жидком углеводороде при температуре t2; Qн1 и Qн2 - нагруженные добротности колебания Н011 цилиндрического объемного резонатора при температуре t1 и t2 соответственно; α1 - коэффициент, учитывающий, во сколько раз уменьшается объемное процентное содержание растворенной влаги в жидком углеводороде при изменении температуры от t1 до t2; α2 - коэффициент, показывающий, во сколько раз увеличиваются СВЧ потери в воде ...

ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЙ РАДИОФИЗИЧЕСКИЙ СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ПОЧВЫ

Дистанционный радиофизический способ определения влажности почвы, основанный на излучении электромагнитных волн почвами, отличающийся тем, что максимальную объемную долю связанной влаги Wt и объемную долю свободной воды Wu определяют непосредственно в полевых условиях, для чего измеряют коэффициент собственного радиотеплового излучения почвы до промерзания и после промерзания на глубину, превышающую глубину зондирования, затем с помощью регрессионных уравнений или графическим путем определяют значение полной влажности из соотношения W=Wt+Wu.

СВЧ-устройство для измерения влажности почвы

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике, а именно к устройству для измерения влажности почвы, и может использоваться в сельском хозяйстве для исследования физико-механических свойств почвы, в частности влажности почвы. В корпусе (1) СВЧ-устройства размещен силовой блок излучателя (2), СВЧ-излучатель (3) содержит резонаторную камеру (4) и соединен через диэлектрическую мембрану (5) с рабочей камерой (7), образуя при этом герметичный волновод, связывающий ее с детектором СВЧ-излучения (8), измеряющим интенсивность СВЧ-излучения, прошедшего сквозь исследуемую пробу почвы. При этом в рабочую камеру (7) посредством окна доступа (11) устанавливается испытуемая проба почвы, заключенная в диэлектрическую емкость (6). Детектор СВЧ-излучения (8) посредством блока обработки данных (9) соединен с панелью индикации влажности почвы (10). Управление работой устройства осуществляется с помощью панели управления излучателем (12), установленной на корпусе (1). Устройство снабжено модулем глобального ...

СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЛАГОСОДЕРЖАНИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА

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Пассивный дистанционный способ определения действительной части диэлектрической проницаемости пленки нефти, разлитой на водной поверхности, основанный на измерении электромагнитного излучения под углом Брюстера, отличающийся тем, что в качестве источника излучения плоской электромагнитной волны используют шумовое неполяризованное излучение неба в миллиметровом диапазоне волн, при этом принимают вертикально поляризованную составляющую амплитуды электрического поля под углом Брюстера от направления в зенит, значение которого вычисляют по формуле одно из предварительно заданных в пределах 1,8÷3,0 значений действительной части диэлектрической проницаемости пленки нефти, по принятой амплитуде электрического поля рассчитывают по формулам Френеля амплитуду переотраженного электрического поля вертикальной поляризации от нижнего слоя пленки нефти на границе ее с водной поверхностью с учетом диэлектрической проницаемости воздуха εo и действительной части диэлектрической проницаемости воды εв, затем ...

ЯЧЕЙКА ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОНИЦАЕМОСТИ ЖИДКОСТИ

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и технике сверхвысоких частот. Ячейка содержит два микрополосковых резонатора с диэлектрическим заполнением, которые электромагнитно связаны, резонансные частоты их равны, а коэффициент связи на резонансной частоте обращает в нуль. Такая конструкция устройства позволяет исключить потребность в использовании перестраиваемого по частоте СВЧ генератора и измерителя частоты при измерении диэлектрической проницаемости жидкостей с помощью предлагаемой ячейки.

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... 1. Способ определения содержания воды в жидких нефтепродуктах, включающий отстаивание пробы нефтепродукта в объеме 400÷500 мл в узком сосуде диаметром меньше или порядка 5÷6 см в течение 3-х часов, отличающийся тем, что после отстаивания из нижней и верхней частей (высота нижней части не должна превышать 5 мм) шприцем вынимается по 25÷30 мкл жидкости.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в обе части вынутой шприцем жидкости добавляется по 0,1 мг спиновой метки - нитроксильного радикала ТЕМПО (2, 2, 6, 6-тетраметил-пиперидин-1-оксил), затем они смешиваются в узкой кварцевой пробирке диаметром порядка 3÷5 мм.3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что пробирка со смесью помещается в СВЧ - резонатор ЭПР - спектрометра трехсантиметрового диапазона с самописцем для записи спектра, представляющего собой наложение двух спектров (спектра ТЕМПО в воде и в жидких углеводородах), каждый из которых содержит 3 линии, соответствующие трем значениям постоянного магнитного поля4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся ...

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ВЛАГОМЕР (ВАРИАНТЫ)

... 1. Влагомер, содержащий первичный преобразователь и электронный блок, подключенный к первичному преобразователю через измерительную ячейку, первичный преобразователь образован металлическим основанием и металлическим прутком, концы которого размещены в отверстиях, выполненных в основании, причем, на первом конце металлического прутка закреплен изолятор из диэлектрика, металлический пруток вторым своим концом соединен с металлическим основанием так, что в месте соединения между ними образован электрический контакт, к первому концу металлического прутка подсоединен сигнальный проводник измерительной ячейки, отличающийся тем, что на первом конце металлического прутка установлен и жестко закреплен через изолятор металлический цилиндрический корпус, внутри металлического корпуса установлена измерительная ячейка, общий проводник которой подключен к металлическому корпусу, на металлическом основании соосно с отверстием, выполненным в основании у первого конца металлического прутка, установлена ...

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Способ определения влажности устойчивого завядания из соотношения Wуз=0,93Wt, где Wt - содержание связанной воды, Wуз - влажность устойчивого завядания, отличающийся тем, что основан на излучении электромагнитных волн почвами, при котором измеряют коэффициенты излучения почвы перед промерзанием и в начальный период промерзания дистанционно.

Измеритель влажности

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Измеритель влажности

Изобретение может использоваться для контроля влажности пленок, древесно-волокнистых плит, железобетонных плит и т.д. Цель изобретения - повьшение точности измерений. Для достижения этой цели в измеритель влажности, содержащий СВЧ-генератор , направленный ответвитель 2, СВЧ-резонатор 3, СВЧ-детектор 4 и регистратор 5, введены однополосный модулятор 6, фазовращатель 7, ограничител1ь 8,фазх)вь1й детектор 9,фильтр 10 нижних частот, сумматор 11, НЧ- генератор 12, делитель 13 частоты и синхронный детектор 14. С помощью введенных блоков выходной сигнал,поступающий на регистратор 5, не зависит от неконтролируемых параметров измерительной системы: нестабильности мощности генератора 1 , изменений тизны детектора 4 и непостоянства зазора между резонатором 3 и иссле- (Л дуемым материалом 15, приводящих к с возникновению значительных погрешностей измерений. 1 ил.

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Способ определения влажности материала

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике. Цель изобретения - повьшение чувствительности измерений . Устройство, реализующее данный способ, содержит генератор 1 СВЧ, ферритовый вентиль 2, делитель 3, два канала, состоящие из передающих антенн 4 и 9, образцов 5 и 10 материала , приемных антенн 6 и 11 и под- строечного аттенюатора 8, а также сумматор 7, детектор 13, усилитель 14 и индикатор 15. Перестраивая частоту генератора 1, добиваются минимального показания индикатора 15 и по значению частоты, соответствующей минимальному показанию индикатора 15, судят о влажности. В данном способе частота электромагнитной энергии изменяется до тех пор, пока при любой измеряемой влажности потоки, прошедшие участки материала различной толщины, не будут в противофазе, и следовательно, чувствительность предлагаемого способа не зависит от измеряемой влажности и равна максимальной чувствительности. 2 ил. (Л 1C 00 00 о со to Фие.1 ...

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УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ СЫПУЧИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Устройство для измерения влажности шелковичных коконов

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике. Цель изобретения - повышение точности измерений и расширение диапазона измеряемых значений влажности. Устройство содержит СВЧ-генератор 1, передающую и приемную антенны 2 и 3, загрузочную камеру 4, в которой размещены неподвижная и подвижная части 5 и 6 кюветы и кассета 7 для размещения исследуемых шелковичных коконов, приемный преобразователь 13 и индикатор 17. Цель достигается введением датчиков 8 перемещения приемной антенны 3 и ее механизма перемещения, состоящего из шагового электродвигателя 12 и ходового винта 9 с гайкой, закрепленного жестко через элементы скольжения с корпусом камеры 4, а также введением блока сравнения 14, блока управления 15 и блока обработки и управления 16. Устройство позволяет производить измерение влажности шелковичных коконов на всех этапах приемки, учета и хранения шелковичных коконов, которые имеют широкий диапазон изменения влажности. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

Устройство для измерения влажности сыпучих материалов

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и может быть ис пользовано для измерения влажности почвы. Цель изобретения - расширение диапазона измерения по глубине и упрощение устройства. Устройство содержит бур с двумя изолированными шнеками,.на одном из которых размещена передающая антенна, соединенная через размещенную в штанге бура линию J5e3 потерь с генератором СВЧ, а на другом - приемный злемент, выполненный в виде терморезистора.и соединённый с измерительной схемой. Цель изобретения достигается за счет возможности введения бура на любую реальную глубину при сохранении расстояния между приемной и передающей антеннами. 1 ил.

Сверхвысокочастотный измеритель влажности сред

Изобретение относится к измери- тельной технике и может использоваться для измерения влажности различных сред и профиля распределения влажности в них. Цель изобретения - повышение чувствительности и увеличение разрешающей способности при измерении влажности сыпучих и гранулированных сред, а также расширение функциональных возможностей путем определения минерализации сред и расширение динамического диапазона. Сверхвысокочастотный измеритель влажности сред содержит СВЧ генератор 1, направленSS ...

Имитатор хлопка для поверки сверхвысокочастотных влагомеров хлопка

Фазочувствительный влагометрический прибор для сыпучих материалов

Устройство для измерения влажности волокнистых материалов

Изобретение может быть исполь зовано при технологической обработке волокнистых материалов (ВМ). Изобретение повышает чувствительность устройства . Устройство содержит волноводный тройник 1, схему измерения 3, включающую г-р СЕЧ 4, направленный ответвитель 5 с детектором падающей волны, направленный ответвитель 6 с детектором отраженной волны, блок 7 сравнения. В полость плеча Е или Н введен диэлектрич. резонатор (ДР) 2, ось которого перпендикулярна вектору Е основной волны плеча Е или Н. Изменение влажности ВМ, находящегося в области местного поля ДР 2, изменяет собственную добротность ДР 2, т.е. изменяет степень отражения сигi нала от плеч тройника 1, что и будет регистрироваться блоком 7. 1 ил. (Л К) ...

Радиоволновый датчик влажности

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и может бьп -., использовано для измерения влажности неоднородных волокнистых материалов, например хлопка-сырца и т.д. Цель изобретения - повышение точности измерения влажности неоднородных материалов. Электромагнитная энергия с источника электромагнитных колебаний подается в отрезок прямоугольного волновода заполненный исследуемым материалом . На узких стенках отрезка прямоугольного волновода расположены диэлектрические пластины толщиной d, выбранной из соотношения 2d/b(n-2f/A) /2Ј/А (V5F-1 )где е - диэлектрическая проницаемость диэлектрических пластин; b - размер широкой степени отрезка прямоугольного волновода; fc-длина отрезка прямоугольного волновода; -длина волны в отрезке прямоугольного волновода в отсутствии диэлектрических пластин; п - целое число, большее величины 2(/ Я. 3 ил сл С ...

Устройство для регулирования процесса обработки дисперсного материала в потоке

Изобретение относится к автоматическим устройствам для измерения влажности перемещающихся в потоке дисперсных материалов, например хлопка-сырца, хлопковых семян и пр. Цель изобретения - повышение точности измерения влажности материала. Отбираемый из пневмотрубопровода материал посредством напорных валиков подается в измерительную кювету, вокруг которой перемещается измеритель влажности. Плотность заполнения измерительной кюветы опредееляется моментной муфтой сцепления с датчиком останова, через которую от двигателя приводятся во вращение напорные валики. Масса заполненной материалом измерительной кюветы с элементами питательной камеры замеряется электронными весами, а температура материала - датчиками температуры. По окончании цикла измерения влажности материала открывается крышка в разгрузочный бункер и высыпаемый из измерительной кюветы материал удаляется с помощью вентилятора по возвратному трубопроводу снова в основной пневмотрубопровод. Открытие и закрытие крышки, а также опорожнение ...

Способ определения влажности коконов шелкопряда

Использование: контрольно-измерительная техника. Сущность изобретения - повышение точности измерений за счет снижения неоднородности пробы коконов по объемной плотности. Для этого пробу помещают в камеру, осуществляют вибрацию камеры с частотой 5 - 9 Гц в течение 60 - 80 с, затем пропускают через пробу электромагнитные колебания высокой частоты и измеряют затухание колебаний в пробе, по величине которого определяют влажность коконов. 1 табл., 3 ил.

Способ увлажнения волокна в хлопке-сырце

СПОСОБ УВЛАЖНЕНИЯ ВОЛОКНА В ХЛОПКЕ-СЫРЦЕ за счет перераспределения влаги между семенами и .волокном под воздействием электромагнитного излучения в СВЧ диапазоне, отличающийся тек, что, с целью интенсификации процесса, воздействие электромагнитным излучением осуществляют периодически со скважностью, равной 2, при этом длительность облучения Составляет 5-30 с.

Устройство для измерения влажности

Изобретение относится к радиотехническим измерениям и может использоваться для измерения влажности строительных материалов. Цель изобретения - повышение точности измерений . Устр-во содержит СВЧ-генератор 1, разветвитель 2 сигнала, два облучателя 3, блок обработки 4 и индикации , выполненный, найример, в виде двух направленных ответвителей 5, связанных с выходами облучателей 3, двух детекторов 6, сумматора 7 и преобразователя 8 напряжения в значение влажности. Облучатели 3 смещены в направлении облучения на величину Д1, равную Д1 К- Л/4, где К 1,3,5,..., /д - длина рабочей волны. Расстояние X между поверхностью 9 исследуемого объекта и бли- жайшим облучателем не менее 5-J,, Максимум отраженного сигнала в одном из облучателей 3 будет соответствовать минимуму в другом. Соответствен- р но суммарный сигнал R « R будет представлять прямую линию, т.е. будет константой по отношению к расстоянию и не будет зависеть от расстояния X. 3 ил. ь $ W ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Konzentration eines von Luft abweichenden Mediums in einem Aerosol

The invention concerns a method and device for determining in an aerosol the concentration of a medium which is different from air, in particular the concentration of H2O2 in an air/H2O2 aerosol, with a microwave transmitter (2) and a microwave receiver (3) disposed in a wave guide (1). This concentration is determined with simple measuring technology in that the aerosol traverses the wave guide (1) through a neutral hose (4), the microwave signal propagated in the wave guide (1) being subjected to attenuation and phase-shifting by means of the dielectric constant of the medium which is different from that of air. The phase shift of the microwave signal is measured, taking account of the distance travelled (tube in the wave guide cross-section), the phase shift being proportional to the concentration of the medium. Balancing is carried out relative to the phase shift of an aerosol with a known dielectric constant, and a mean value is calculated from the medium concentration values determined ...

Anordnung zum Feuchtemessen an festen Materialien

MIKROWELLEN-FEUCHTIGKEITSFUEHLER

Verfahren und Anwendung desselben in einem elektromagnetischen Sensor zur Entdeckung von Fremdkörpern in einem Medium mittels Radar

Das Verfahren und der auf diesem basierende Sensor zur Entdeckung von Fremdkörpern in einem Medium, insbesondere in Beton, Ziegelwerk, Gips oder Holz mittels Radar, insbesondere Impulsradar oder Stepped-Frequency-Radar, sieht vor, eine Radarwelle sehr kurzer Dauer über eine Sende-/Empfangsantenne in das Medium einzustrahlen, das in dem Medium reflektierte Radarsignal zu erfassen und nach einer Vorverarbeitung einer Signalauswertung und -bewertung zuzuführen, die auf einem Algorithmus basiert, der Unterschiede in der Signalform, beispielsweise eines Leistungsspektrums gegenüber gespeicherten Vergleichswerten eines Musterspektrums erkennbar macht mit anschließender Vergleichsbewertung durch Korrelation zur Feststellung von Abweichungen gegenüber vorgebbaren Grenzwerten eines Korrelationsfaktors. Zur Signalauswertung werden unterschiedliche Algorithmen und Modelle vorgestellt, beispielsweise basierend auf der Welch-Methode, der Wavelet-Analyse oder einem autoregressiven Modellansatz. Die Erfindung ...

MIKROWELLENVORRICHTUNG ZUR MESSUNG VON FLUESSIGKEITSGEMISCHEN.

Measurement of product moisture content

The total product moisture content is measured continuously and without contact during at least one of the process stages, and at least by secs. Electromagnetic waves are used in the high frequency or microwave bands to evaluate the measured evaporation as a measure of the product moisture content. A control circuit, taking the product temp. into account, modifies the spray rate and/or gas temp. and/or vol. flow to maintain a preset value range. Also claimed is an appts. where the carrier body (12) of the sealed closure is part of the sensor holder or similar component. The component is a microwave moisture sensor (33).

REFLEKTOMETER ZUM MESSEN DER FEUCHTIGKEIT VON KAPILLARROEHREN ENTHALTENDEN POROESEN MATERIEN, INSBESONDERE VON DER ERDE.

Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Feuchtigkeit eines Untergrundes

Mikrowellen-Überwachungsgerät von Wassergehalt.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung mit variierbarer Arbeitsweise zur Überwachung des Wassergehaltes unter Verwendung von Mikrowellen

Resonatorgehäuse für Mikrowellen

Von einem Strang der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie durchsetzbares Resonatorgehäuse aus metallischem Material, dem Mikrowellen zwecks Erfassung der Masse und/oder der Feuchte des Strangmaterials zuführbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (4) eine Temperaturregelanordnung mit einem Fühler (9) für die Temperatur des Gehäuses (4) und einem Transistor (11) aufweist, wobei der Fühler (9) den Transistor (11) derart steuert, dass dessen Verlustwärme die Temperatur des Gehäuses (4) zumindest annähernd konstant und über der Umgebungstemperatur hält, und das Gehäuse (4) zumindest teilweise aus Material mit einem niedrigen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten besteht.

ANORDNUNG ZUR MESSUNG DER FEUCHTE

Eichnormale fuer Messgeraete fuer die Bestimmung eines Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes in organischen Traegern

Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien, material-, dichte- und salzunabhängigen sowie temperaturkompensierten Bestimmung der Flüssigwasserkomponente und deren tiefenabhängige ungleichmäßige Verteilung in einem Mehrkomponentengemisch und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Automatic sorting of limestone from clay - by passing washed lumps through microwave beam circuit actuating a trap door

The determination or the water content of objects, where the objects are fed one after the other through a microwave beam and the change in transmitted radiation measured, for differentiating between (a) mineral lumps; (b) mineral lumps contg. sediment; and (c) lumps of sediment; is used for the automatic sorting of the three types of matl. after the mixt. of lumps has been washed. The process is pref. used to sort lumps of limestone; limestone contg. clay; and clay. The lumps are pref. fed along a V-shaped chute through a vertical beam, the chute being made of insulating matl. at least in the region of the beam. Used esp. for the automatic sepn. of limestone from clay as the latter impairs the quality of the CaO produced during calcining and also bakes onto the furnace plant, thereby interfering with the process.

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE HUMIDITY OF MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY TEXTILES, BY MEANS OF HIGH FREQUENCY

... 1,262,040. Drying clothes. LICENTIA PATENT-VERWALTUNGS G.m.b.H. 16 Dec., 1970 [31 Jan., 1970], No. 59739/70. Heading F4G. [Also in Divisions G1 and H3] The humidity of a material is determined by its damping (i.e. loading effect) on the inductance of an oscillator. Application.-In a laundry rotary drier having a plastics drum (or a plastics ring inserted between the parts of a metal drum). The coil is mounted outside the drum and has a flat format, e.g. printed circuit, Fig. 4, (not shown). It may be connected to an oscillator/control circuit, Fig. 2 (not shown), to switch off the machine at e.g. a residual humidity of 5%. The drum may have a rib (3), Fig. 1 (not shown), to provide a reference point free of washing.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE IN A MOVING WEB

... 1434882 Electro-physical measurement - moisture FRIESEKE & HOEPFNER GmbH 22 Feb 1974 [24 Feb 1973] 8290/74 Heading G1N The concentration of a substance (e.g. moisture) in a moving web is measured by combining the micro-wave absorption signal with a reflection signal received by the transmission antenna. A reference value derived from the oscillator may be included (but is not shown). The apparatus is first set up by (i) replacing the web 2 with a total-absorber and adjusting the matching-element 7 to eliminate signals due to internal reflection. (ii) with no obstruction between the antenna 1, 3, matching-element 13 is adjusted to eliminate any further internal-reflection-signals appearing at rectifier 10. (iii) finally with web 2 in position matching element 9 (between directional coupler 6 and rectifier 10) is adjusted for maximum sensitivity to flutter of the web.

DEVICE FOR MEASURING MOISTURE CONTAINED IN THE SKIN OR THE LIKE

System and method for monitoring substances and reactions

Systems, methods, and probe devices for electronic monitoring and characterization using single-ended coupling of a load-pulled oscillator to a system under test. For example, a planar, tapered probe (13) could be implemented. ...

Automatic moisture content determination and control apparatus

... 956, 445. Determination of moisture content S. SASAKI. May 11, 1960, No.16679/60. Heading G1N. An arrangement for determining the moisture content of a material such as fibre, cloth, or pulp comprises a waveguide 4 Fig. 1, including a transverse passage d through which the material 5 is passed, an oscillator 2 feeding the waveguide and a metering device 8 in which the attenuation of the oscillator signal by the material is determined by comparing the signal from a detector h which may be a crystal, with the output from a detector f at the top end of a tuning waveguide 6. The waveguides have tuners 7 and 9 at their ends, and the strength of the input signal is adjustable by an attenuator 3. The waveguide 4 comprises a hinged top portion b and the opening area of the slot beneath the hinged portion may be adjusted. The slot is lined to prevent dust from entering the waveguide and to facilitate the smooth passage of the material. A waveguide with a lateral hole for testing a yarn is described ...

Improvements in or relating to constituent sensing apparatus

... 991, 795. Microwave analyzing apparatus. BELOIT IRON WORKS. Jan. 24, 1962 [Jan. 24, 1961], No. 2676/62. Heading G1N. An arrangement for determining the moisture content or content of another substance in a solid granular or fluid material comprises a surface wave guide over which microwave energy is transmitted and into the microwave field of which the material is introduced, the frequency preferably being one at which particle resonance occurs in the substance being detected. A sword type arrangement, Fig. 1 for insertion in a material such as cereals and other foodstuffs, or between the sheets of a stack of sheets of material such as hardboard or paper, comprises a tunnel diode microwave generator, or a reflex velocity modulated tube such as klystron, the resonant cavity size of which may be varied mechanically by for example a solenoid or the frequency of which may be varied by varying the power supply. Energy is coupled to a hollow, surface-waveguide 53, which in order to limit the ...

Synchronized phased array and infrared detector system for moisture detection

A system 300 for detecting moisture comprises a phased array (Figure 4) configured to emit a pulse of an electromagnetic radiation beam, the beam having a number of wavelengths that are absorbed by water molecules; an infrared detector 316; control means to control the phased array to beam steer the pulse, and to synchronise 322 timing of the pulse with a time window of the detector 318 to detect infrared radiation. The moisture may be in a porous, aerospace composite panel. The pulse of microwave radiation heats the material and the amount of infrared radiation detected indicates a level of moisture. The beam may also be steered by a microwave lens antenna 308. The porous material may be a honeycomb structure.

FLUID MONITORING APPARATUS

Measuring instrument

A microwave method for measuring the relative moisture content of an object

The moisture content of an object is determined by placing the object in a field produced by a microwave applicator and measuring the dielectric properties of the applicator. The measured properties are used to derive the moisture content from known dielectric properties for the applicator without the object present, and from known moisture/dielectric properties for the specific material of the object.

Process and device for the analysis of a flow to several phases in a hydrocarbon well.

VERFAHREN ZUR MESSUNG WETTERBEDINGTER ZUSTANDSÄNDERUNGEN AN DER OBERFLÄCHE VON VERKEHRSFLÄCHEN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM DURCHFÜHREN DES VERFAHRENS

MICROWAVE CAVITY MECHANISM FOR MEASUREMENTS OF TOBACCO

FEUCHTESENSOR

MECHANISM, PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS IN A MATERIAL

DAMPNESS SENSOR

VERFAHREN ZUR MESSUNG WETTERBEDINGTER ZUSTANDSAENDERUNGEN AN DER OBERFLAECHE VON VERKEHRSFLAECHEN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM DURCHFUEHREN DES VERFAHRENS

Method and apparatus for measuring the moisture content of the pulp material located on a sieve belt

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Feuchtigkeit des auf einem Siebband ( 11) in einer Anlage zur Erzeugung von Papier befindlichen Pulpematerials (12) mit einer Einrichtung (2) zur Messung der Feuchtigkeit des Pulpematerials, welche einen Feuchtigkeitssensor (22) aufweist und mit einer dieser zugeordneten Steuer- und Datenverarbeitungseinheit (5) sowie mit einem Sende- und Empfangsgerät und bzw. oder mit einem Anschluss für eine Datenleitung zur Übermittlung der Messdaten an die Steuer- und Datenverarbeitungseinheit. Dabei ist die Einrichtung (2) zur Messung der Feuchtigkeit des Pulpematerials mit einem Messgerät (6) zur Ermittlung und Anzeige desjenigen Druckbereiches, mit welchem sie an das Siebband (11) angepresst wird, ausgebildet.

RÖNTGENFLUORESZEUGOMALYSEGERÄT

USE OF MICROWAVES IN THE SPINNING MILL INDUSTRY FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE FIBER VOLUME MASS

DEVICE FOR THE PROOF OF A COMPOSITION AND A PROOF PROCEDURE USING IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS

Method and apparatus for determining phase fractions of multiphase flows

A multiphase meter for use in the quantification of the individual phase fractions of a multiphase flow has: a resonant cavity through which, in use, a multiphase fluid flows, a signal generator configured to apply electromagnetic energy at a range of frequencies to the cavity, and an enhancing and/or suppressing facility for enhancing and/or suppressing resonant modes of a signal produced resultant to the application of electromagnetic energy to the cavity.

Guided wave cutoff spectroscopy using a cylindrical measurement cell

A cylindrical waveguide ( 1 ) for analyzing a flowing material ( 18 ) using guided microwave spectroscopy (GMS). Spaced apart plates ( 2, 5 ) each define a plane within the waveguide housing ( 3 ) that is parallel to the direction ( 47 ) of material flow through the waveguide. Two opposed frames ( 7, 19 ) each surround an aperture ( 6 ) that permits access to the region between the waveguide plates ( 2, 5 ). A microwave probe assembly ( 81 ) is mounted at each frame ( 7, 19 ) to permit the radiation and reception of electromagnetic waves within the housing ( 1 ). A temperature probe ( 51 ) is inserted into the interior of the housing ( 1 ) via fitting ( 13 ). A y-shaped assembly ( 89 ) can be used to divide the flow into two separate paths including a diverter vane ( 93 ) that permits flow to be equalized within the two separate flow paths.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNAL POLARIMETRY SENSING

A system and method of identifying changes utilizing radio frequency polarization includes receiving a reflected and/or transmitted polarized radio frequency signal at a receiver, filtering, amplifying and conditioning the received signal, converting the received signal from an analog format to a digital format, processing the digital signal to elicit a polarization mode dispersion feature of the received signal, and comparing the polarization mode dispersion features to a known calibration to detect a change in a characteristic of the target object. 1. A method of identifying changes utilizing polarization comprising:receiving polarized components of at least a partially polarized signal at a receiver, the signal being at least one of reflected or transmitted through a target object;processing the signal to elicit a polarization feature of the received signal; andcorrelating a change in a polarization response of the target object2. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein detecting a change in the polarization response of the target further comprises comparing the polarization features to a known calibration.3. A method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the known calibration is determined by measuring the polarization signature and comparing the measured polarization signature to a known standard measurement.4. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein detecting a change in the polarization response of the target further comprises comparing the polarization mode dispersion features to a previously elicited polarization mode dispersion feature of the received signal5. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein detection of a change in a characteristic of the target object comprises detection of at least one of vibration claim 1 , position change claim 1 , attitude change claim 1 , mechanical fault claim 1 , electrical fault claim 1 , electromagnetism claim 1 , reflectivity claim 1 , liquid phase claim 1 , solid phase claim 1 , structural change claim 1 , or foreign ...

Pavement Material Microwave Moisture-Density Measurement Methods and Apparatuses

A method of obtaining a material property of a pavement material from a microwave field generally includes generating a microwave frequency electromagnetic field of a first mode about the pavement material. The frequency response of the pavement material in the electromagnetic field can be measured, such as by a network analyzer. The measurement of the frequency response permits correlating the frequency response to a material property of the pavement material sample, such as the density. A method of correcting for the roughness of a pavement material divides the pavement into a shallow layer and a deep layer. Two planar microwave circuits measure the permittivity of the shallow and deep layer. The permittivities are correlated to correct for roughness. An apparatus for obtaining the density of a pavement sample includes a microwave circuit and a network analyzer. The network analyzer measures the frequency response to determine the density of the pavement material. 1. (canceled)2. A material measurement gauge , the material measurement gauge comprising:an electromagnetic field generator configured to generate, by proceeding through a range of frequencies, an electromagnetic field that penetrates into a material, wherein the material includes a heterogeneous material including at least one of a pavement material and a soil material;a sensor configured to determine a frequency response of the material to the electromagnetic field across a range of frequencies, wherein determining the frequency response includes determining a change in a real component of complex impedance property of the material as a function of frequency across the range of frequencies and a change in an imaginary component of the complex impedance property of the material as a function of frequency across the range of frequencies;an analyzer configured to correlate the changes in the real and imaginary components of the complex impedance property of the material as a function of frequency to a ...

DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DETECTING CORROSION UNDER AN OUTER PROTECTIVE LAYER

Incoherent millimetre wave, sub-millimetre wave and terahertz test signals are used to probe metal substrates that are covered by a protective coating or outer layer, such as paint or thermal insulation, obscuring direct assessment of the substrate. The incoherent test signals, which may be from a naturally occurring passive source (such as the sky) and/or from an active noise source, provide signal dispersion and angular variation of the test signals with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity (and emissivity) from a metal-based substrate is heavily dependent on the surface resistivity which in turn is dependent on the corroded state. A detector/camera is arranged to pick up reflections from the substrate and an associated control system identifies regions of the sample that reflect the test signal illumination differently or otherwise indicate a variation from a reference value. The differences therefore signify the presence or lack of corrosion or, indeed, the presence of other abnormalities within or on the substrate. 1. A method of detecting the presence of anomalies in or on a substrate covered by a protective coating or layer , the method comprising:observing reflectivity from the substrate arising from incident electromagnetic waves produced from wide-angled illumination from a first incoherent source, the incident electromagnetic waves having millimetre or sub-millimetre wavelengths or having a frequency below about thirty terahertz; contrasting observed reflectivity in adjacent areas of the substrate; and', 'contrasting observed reflectivity of an area of the substrate under test against a reference reflectivity value anticipated for the area of the substrate under test., 'identifying the presence of anomalies in the substrate by at least one of2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first incoherent source is a passive ...

MEASURING DEVICE

In a measuring device a microwave receiving unit is disposed behind a microwave transmitting unit with respect to a powder object and the microwave transmitting unit and the microwave receiving unit are each enclosed by a waveguide box. A waveguide box for the transmitting unit is smaller than a waveguide box for the receiving unit, and is enclosed by the waveguide box for the receiving unit. An opening portion of the waveguide box and an opening portion of the waveguide box are mounted on a flat window material and are aligned. The window material is in contact with the powder object Microwaves transmitted from the microwave transmitting unit are reflected by the powder object are received, as scattered microwaves by the microwave receiving unit and are measured. 1. A measuring device that makes measurement using a microwave transmitted from a transmitting unit , reflected at an object to be measured and received as a reflected wave by a receiving unit ,wherein the receiving unit is disposed behind the transmitting unit with respect to the object to be measured:2. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein a horn antenna or a waveguide box is provided at the transmitting unit or the receiving unit.3. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein a horn antenna or a waveguide box is provided at each of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit.4. The measuring device according to claim 3 , wherein the horn antenna or the waveguide box provided at the transmitting unit is disposed at an inner side of the horn antenna or the waveguide box provided at the receiving unit.5. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein a second receiving unit is provided at the transmitting unit.6. The measuring device according to claim 2 , wherein a second receiving unit is provided at the transmitting unit.7. The measuring device according to claim 3 , wherein a second receiving unit is provided at the transmitting unit.8. The measuring device according to ...

MICROWAVE SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR BASED ON PHASE SHIFT METHOD AND INDEPENDENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE SOIL

The present invention relates to soil moisture and soil matric potential measurement using microwave sensor composed of sensor element (), porous matrix (), phase shift measurement circuit () and circuit protective layer (). Operating principle is based on the phase shift method in which phase shift of the signal propagating along sensor element () is related to the porous matrix () moisture content. Porous matrix () is in contact with surrounding soil () and reflects its water content. Phase shift measurement circuit () excite sensor element () and measures phase shift. The sensor is independent of soil electrical conductivity owing to the operating frequency in microwave range (˜GHz). In this manner, it is less sensitive to the soil type and therefore less demanding for calibration. The sensor is made of durable elements without consumable parts which enable a long-term operation. Its low power consumption makes it suitable for Internet of Things concept and automatic irrigation systems. 1. The microwave soil moisture sensor based on a phase shift method that is independent of the electrical conductivity of the soil , comprising:a sensor element with a protective layer;a porous matrix that surrounds sensor element and is in direct contact with it; anda phase shift measurement circuit covered with a protective layer;2. The soil moisture sensor according to claim 1 , wherein sensor element is realized in the form of planar waveguide claim 1 , and is protected from aggressive environment with polyurethane based layer.3. The soil moisture sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the porous matrix provides a complete contact with the sensor element and the surrounding soil claim 1 , and claim 1 , at the same time claim 1 , is in the state of hydrodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding soil.4. The porous matrix according to claim 3 , wherein its morphological properties cover soil matric potentials starting from field capacity (−33 kPa) claim 3 , over lento-capillary ...

Systems, Devices, and Methods for Managing Data

Apparatus, devices, systems, and techniques are disclosed herein to manage digital data generated as part of a manufacturing process. A data management device may be operatively coupled to one or more instruments via cables connected to data ports provided in the instruments. The data management device may be configured to communicate with the instruments via these wired connections. The data management device may be network-enabled such that it is capable of communicating with servers and/or remote computing devices via a network. Upon executing a test, the data management device may collect the data from the instruments and form a digital record. The digital record may include measurement information and compliance information associated with the test that was performed. The data management device may be configured to store the digital record or the test data. 1. A device , comprising:a pillar extending upward from a base;a plurality of data ports positioned on a first sidewall of the pillar, each data port being configured to receive data output from a serial port of a water activity meter; anda touchscreen user interface coupled to a second sidewall of the pillar different from the first sidewall, the touchscreen user interface being angled relative to the first sidewall such that the touchscreen user interface defines a viewing angle, the touchscreen user interface being configured to output the received data and received commands from a user.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:an arm extending from the second sidewall of the pillar configured to suspend the touchscreen user interface above a top surface of the base, wherein the touchscreen user interface is coupled to the arm.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the arm is angled relative to the first sidewall of the pillar.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein a first distance between a first end of the arm and the first sidewall is less than a second distance between a second end of the arm and the ...

SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF DRIFT OF THE WATER VOLUME FRACTION IN A FLOW

The present invention relates to a system for measuring the water volume fraction (WVF) of a mixed fluid flow in a pipe, especially wet and dry gas hydrocarbon fluid flows, the system comprising a measuring unit for measuring the dielectric permittivity of said fluid mixture, a computing unit for calculating and storing both the WVF, based on the absolute level of the dielectric permittivity, and the statistical variation of the dielectric permittivity of said fluid mixture over a predetermined period of time. The system also including an analysis unit for detecting drift in the measured WVF by comparing and analyzing the development of the WVF versus the statistical variation of the permittivity over said time period, and based on detected drift to determine whether an apparent change in the WVF is reflected in a corresponding change in the statistical variation of the permittivity, and, based on said comparison, determining if the drift is caused by a real change in the WVF. 1. A system for measuring the water volume fraction (WVF) of a mixed fluid flow in a pipe , the system comprising:a measuring unit for measuring the dielectric permittivity of the fluid mixture;a computing unit for calculating and storing both the WVF based on the dielectric permittivity and the statistical variation of the dielectric permittivity of the fluid mixture over a predetermined period of time; andan analysis unit for detecting drift in the calculated WVF by comparing and analyzing the development of the calculated WVF versus the statistical variation of the permittivity over the time period, and based on detected drift to determine whether the development in the calculated WVF is reflected in a corresponding change in the statistical variation of the permittivity, and, based on the comparison and analysis, determining if the drift is caused by a real change in the WVF.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the WVF is derived from the measured permittivity of the mixture claim ...

Fluid Phase Analyzer with Embedded Measurement Electronics

An apparatus for analyzing a multiphase fluid in a pipeline. The apparatus comprises: i) an elongated shaft adapted to be inserted into the pipeline, the elongated shaft comprising a measurement electronics section and an extension section; ii) a housing coupled to the elongated shaft and adapted to be positioned outside the pipeline when the elongated shaft is inserted into the pipeline; and iii) a ground cage coupled to the elongated shaft, the ground cage comprising a sensor coupled to the measurement electronics section. The ground cage comprises a tube having perforations therein to permit multiphase fluid to flow within the ground cage. The sensor comprises a ceramic rod and an antenna within the ceramic rod.

Water-Cut Sensor System

Provided in some embodiments is a method of manufacturing a pipe conformable water-cut sensors system. Provided in some embodiments is method for manufacturing a water-cut sensor system that includes providing a helical T-resonator, a helical ground conductor, and a separator at an exterior of a cylindrical pipe. The helical T-resonator including a feed line, and a helical open shunt stub conductively coupled to the feed line. The helical ground conductor including a helical ground plane opposite the helical open shunt stub and a ground ring conductively coupled to the helical ground plane. The feed line overlapping at least a portion of the ground ring, and the separator disposed between the feed line and the portion of the ground ring overlapped by the feed line to electrically isolate the helical T-resonator from the helical ground conductor.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REAL TIME ON-STREAM ANALYSIS OF OIL SANDS COMPOSITION

A method for real time on-stream analysis of oil sands composition is disclosed comprising the steps of detecting a moisture content of an oil sands stream using a microwave transmission analyzer, detecting an elemental composition of the oil sands stream using a prompt gamma neutron activation analyzer and calculating a content of hydrocarbons, clays and sands in the oil sands stream. The total clay amount in the oil sands stream is based on the detected gamma spectra of several elemental components of the oil sands stream, such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium and iron. 1. A method for real time on-stream analysis of oil sands composition comprising the steps of:a. detecting a moisture content of an oil sands stream using a microwave transmission analyzer, andb. detecting an elemental composition of the oil sands stream using a prompt gamma neutron activation analyzer and calculating a content of hydrocarbons, clays and sands in the oil sands stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of detecting the moisture content of the oil sands stream comprises transmitting a microwave signal from a microwave transceiver through an oil sands stream to a receiver antenna and comparing the microwave signal transmitted by the microwave transceiver to a microwave signal received by the receiver antenna.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of detecting the moisture content of the oil sands stream comprises weighting the oil sands stream and factoring in a weight of the oil sands stream when comparing the received microwave signal to the transmitted microwave signal.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of detecting the elemental composition of the oil sands stream comprises generating neutrons from a neutron source and detecting a series of gamma spectra by a gamma detector claim 1 , each detected gamma spectrum corresponding to an element present in the oil sands stream.5. The method of claim 4 , comprising detecting a sulphur content in the oil ...

Selective Characterization of Material Under Test (MUT) with Electromagnetic Impedance Tomography and Spectroscopy

A method of extracting complex impedance from selected volumes of the material under test (MUT) combined with various embodiments of electrode sensor arrays. Configurations of linear and planar electrode arrays provide measured data of complex impedance of selected volumes, or voxels, of the MUT, which then can be used to extract the impedance of selected sub-volumes or sub-voxels of the MUT through application of circuit theory. The complex impedance characteristics of the sub-voxels may be used to identify variations in the properties of the various sub-voxels of the MUT, or be correlated to physical properties of the MUT using electromagnetic impedance tomography and/or spectroscopy. 1. A method of characterizing select volumes of a material under test (MUT) using electromagnetic impedance tomography and spectroscopy , the method comprising:obtaining a complex impedance of a volume or voxel of the MUT with an electrode array including a linear array of electrodes or a planar array of electrodes, in communication with the MUT; andapplying at least one of a series circuit approach or a parallel circuit approach to compute a complex impedance of: segments of the volume, or sub-voxel of the voxel, using the measured values of the volume or voxel of the MUT.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complex impedance is obtained for the voxel of the MUT claim 1 , and wherein the complex impedance of the sub-voxel is correlated with physical properties of the MUT.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode array includes the linear array of electrodes claim 1 , and wherein the number of electrodes in the linear array is equal to a number of layers (n) of the MUT to be measured plus one (n+1).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a spacing (Δ) between centers of adjacent electrodes in the electrode array is equal and defined by a minimum thickness of the layers of the MUT to be measured.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrodes in the linear array or the planar array ...

MOISTURE MEASUREMENT OF TIMBER

A kiln moisture measurement method and system is provided for measuring the moisture level of a charge of timber in a timber drying kiln. The method includes steps of: transmitting electromagnetic radiation from a transmitter; receiving the electromagnetic radiation at a receiver; wherein the transmitter and receiver are configured such that the electromagnetic radiation passes through at least part of the charge of timber. An electronic data processor determines the gain of the electromagnetic radiation by comparing the intensities of the transmitted and received electromagnetic radiation; and subsequently determines a moisture level of the charge based on the gain of the electromagnetic radiation. 1. A kiln moisture measurement method for measuring the moisture level of a charge of timber in a timber drying kiln , including steps of:transmitting electromagnetic radiation from a transmitter;receiving the electromagnetic radiation at a receiver;wherein the transmitter and receiver are configured such that the electromagnetic radiation passes through at least part of the charge of timber;determining, using an electronic data processor, a property of the electromagnetic radiation by comparing the intensities of the transmitted and received electromagnetic radiation;determining a moisture level of the charge based on the determined property of the electromagnetic radiation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charge of timber has primary dimension claim 1 , and the transmitter and receiver are located such that the received electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through the primary dimension of the charge.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary dimension is the width claim 1 , length or height of the charge of timber.4. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation has a frequency in the range of 150 MHz to 4 GHz.5. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation ...

Microwave-Based Measuring Device

A microwave-based measuring device includes a number n of sensors, each sensor of the number n of sensors being embodied to generate associated sensor data such that, overall, a number n of items of sensor data are generated by way of the number n of sensors. A measurement variable calculation unit is embodied to calculate a number m of measurement variable values depending on the number n of items of sensor data on the basis of values of a number d of parameters. A learning unit is embodied to calculate the values of the number d of parameters on the basis of training data. 11. Microwave-based measuring device () , comprising:{'b': 2', '1', '2', '2', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'i': n', 'i', 'n', 'n, 'a number n of sensors (_ to _), with a respective sensor (_) of the number n of sensors (_ to _) being designed to generate associated sensor data (xi), so that a total of n number of sensor data (x_, . . . , x_n) is generated by means of the number n of sensors (_ to _),'}{'b': 4', '1', '1', '1, 'a measured variable calculation unit () which is designed to calculate a number m of measured variable values (y{circumflex over (\u2003)}_, . . . , y{circumflex over (\u2003)}_m) as a function of the number n of sensor data (x_, . . . , x_n) based on values of a number d of parameters (θ_, . . . , θ_d), and'}{'b': 5', '5', '1', '1', '1, 'img': [{'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00003', '@he': '3.22mm', '@wi': '1.10mm', '@file': 'US20210010952A1-20210114-P00002.TIF', '@alt': 'custom-character', '@img-content': 'character', '@img-format': 'tif'}, {'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00004', '@he': '3.22mm', '@wi': '1.10mm', '@file': 'US20210010952A1-20210114-P00003.TIF', '@alt': 'custom-character', '@img-content': 'character', '@img-format': 'tif'}, {'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00005', '@he': '3.22mm', '@wi': '1.10mm', '@file': 'US20210010952A1-20210114-P00002.TIF', '@alt': 'custom-character', '@img-content': 'character', '@img-format': 'tif'}, {'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00006', '@he': '3. ...

STATE MONITORING METHOD AND STATE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THERMOSETTING RESIN

A state monitoring method for thermosetting resin includes, in a curing treatment of thermosetting resin, detecting a moisture content of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment; and determining a cross-linking state of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment based on the detected moisture content. It is possible to determine the cross-linking state of the thermosetting resin by detecting the moisture content of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment. 1. A state monitoring method for thermosetting resin , the method comprising:in a curing treatment of thermosetting resin,detecting a moisture content of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment; anddetermining a cross-linking state of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment based on the detected moisture content.2. A state monitoring method for thermosetting resin , the method comprising:in a curing treatment of thermosetting resin,a step of detecting a moisture content of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment; anda step of calculating a cross-linking state of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment based on the detected moisture content.3. The state monitoring method for thermosetting resin of claim 2 ,wherein the moisture content of the thermosetting resin is 0.03% to 0.05%.4. The state monitoring method for thermosetting resin of claim 3 ,wherein, in the curing treatment of the thermosetting resin, a glass transition temperature of the thermosetting resin is 120° C. or higher.5. A state monitoring system for thermosetting resin claim 3 , the system comprising:a detector that detects a moisture content of thermosetting resin during a curing treatment; anda calculator that calculates a cross-linking state of the thermosetting resin during the curing treatment based on the moisture content detected by the detector.6. The state monitoring system for thermosetting resin of claim 5 , the system further comprising:a storage unit that ...

System, apparatus, and method for remote soil moisture measurement and control

A system for remote moisture monitoring and control includes: a measurement vehicle, including a vehicle body, a vehicle control unit, a transmitter antenna, and a receiver antenna; a moisture control server, including a processor, a non-transitory memory, an input/output, and antenna manager, a multi spectrum analyzer, a sensor manager, an irrigation manager, a soil simulator and a data bus; a vehicle storage facility; an irrigation controller; irrigation valves; a mobile control device; ground sensors. Also disclosed is a method including piloting measurement vehicle; obtaining moisture measurements, including controlling outbound transmission, determining reflected power, calculating dielectric constant via reflection calculation, determining soil moisture via lookup in soil calibration table; obtaining sensor measurements; calculating soil model; and adjusting irrigation. 1. A system for remote moisture monitoring and control , comprising: a vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body is selected from the group consisting of a ground vehicle body and an aviation vehicle body;', 'a vehicle control unit, which is attached to the vehicle body; and', 'at least one transceiver antenna, which is configured to send and receive electromagnetic signals, wherein the electromagnetic signals are reflected back from a ground surface layer of soil in a field; and, 'a) at least one measurement vehicle, further includingb) a moisture control server, which is connected to the measurement vehicle, via a network;wherein the vehicle control unit is configured to control transmission of an outbound electromagnetic signal with a predetermined incident wave power, via the transceiver antenna;wherein the vehicle control unit is configured to determine a reflected power of an inbound electromagnetic signal, which is received via the transceiver antenna, wherein the inbound electromagnetic signal is a reflection in the soil of the outbound electromagnetic signal;wherein the moisture control ...

Microwave Horn Antennas-Based Transducer System for CUI Inspection Without Removing the Insulation

The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for inspecting insulated equipment for any corrosion under insulation (CUI). The system includes a device comprising transmitter and receiver horn antennas, a vector network analyzer operatively connected to the antennas, and an infrared detector. In the method, a location for inspection of the equipment is identified. A metal jacket surrounding the location is removed without stripping the insulation. Microwaves are transmitted by the transmitted horn antenna at the location, and provide heating at the location. The microwaves are received by the receiver horn antenna after reflection off the equipment. The vector network analyzer analyzes the microwaves. The infrared detector detects infrared waves emitted from the location and develops an infrared image of the inner surface of the equipment. Based on the analysis of the microwaves and the developed image, a programmed processor determines whether CUI exists at the location. 124-. (canceled)25. A method for inspecting insulated equipment for corrosion under insulation using a portable , dual detection device comprising an infrared detector , a transmitter horn antenna , and a receiver horn antenna , the two horn antennas being operatively connected to a vector network analyzer , a controller having a memory storing instructions in the form of code , and a processor configured by executing the instructions therein , the method comprising:transmitting, with the transmitter horn antenna, microwaves towards the insulated equipment at a location suspected of corrosion under insulation;receiving, with the receiver horn antenna, the transmitted microwaves after reflection of the microwaves off the insulated equipment;analyzing, with the vector network analyzer, the transmitted and reflected microwaves, wherein the step of analyzing comprises determining a length of a signal path of the microwave from the transmitter horn antenna to the receiver horn antenna and ...

Multi-frequency Microwave Sensor for Temperature Independent Measurement of Moisture

Microwave techniques for measuring moisture and other properties of paper and related products without requiring an independent measurement of temperature are provided. A sensor directly measures the reflection or transmission of microwaves at a number of well-chosen frequencies so as to characterize the absorption spectrum of the product. The technique of measuring the parameters of a composition includes: (a) directing incident microwave radiation over a spectrum of wavelengths from an antenna upon the composition; (b) measuring the microwave radiation over the spectrum of wavelengths that emerges from the composition; (c) determining the reflected and/or transmitted transfer function; and (d) relating the transfer function of the composition to the parameters of the composition by applying a theoretic, calibrated, or hybrid model. The product moisture and temperature are extracted from the transfer function. 1. A method of measuring one or more parameters of a composition that comprises the steps of:a. directing microwave radiation over a spectrum of wavelengths from an antenna to be incident upon the composition;b. measuring the microwave radiation over the spectrum of wavelengths that emerges from the composition;c. determining a reflected and/or transmitted transfer function of the composition over the spectrum of wavelengths; andd. relating the determined transfer function of the composition over the spectrum of wavelengths to one or more parameters of the composition by applying a model, with the proviso that an independent temperature measurement of the composition is not required.2. The method of wherein step (d) comprises applying a multivariate model to the determined reflected and/or transmitted transfer function of the composition over the spectrum of wavelengths and predicting the one or more parameters.3. The method of wherein the model is a calibration model that is developed in a calibration process of collecting reference spectra over the spectrum ...

RF Attenuation Measurement System and Method

In part, disclosure relates to a monitoring system for monitoring RF attenuation of a material. In one embodiment, the system includes a plurality of transmitting antennas; an RF generator having a first output terminal in electrical communication with each of the plurality of transmitting antennas and a second output terminal; a plurality of receiving antennas, each of the receiving antennas having an output terminal, and a processor having a first input terminal in electrical communication with the second output terminal of the RF generator, having a second input terminal in electrical communication with the output terminal of each of the plurality of receiving antennas, and having a first output in electrical communication with a display. In one embodiment, the processor calculates the attenuation of the RF signal in response to the RF signals received by the plurality of receiving antennas through the material. 1. An RF attenuation monitoring system for monitoring RF attenuation of a material , the system comprising:a plurality of transmitting antennas;a RF generator having a first output terminal in electrical communication with each of the plurality of transmitting antennas and a second output terminal;a plurality of receiving antennas, each of the receiving antennas having an output terminal, anda processor having a first input terminal in electrical communication with the second output terminal of the RF generator, having a second input terminal in electrical communication with the output terminal of each of the plurality of receiving antennas, and having a first output in electrical communication with a display,wherein each of the plurality of receiving antennas is positioned to receive RF signals transmitted by each of the plurality of transmitting antennas and the RF signals received by each of the plurality of RF receivers passing through the material along one of a plurality of measurement paths, andwherein the processor calculates the attenuation of ...

SENSOR CIRCUIT

Provided is a technology for detecting a change in an inspection target containing moisture. A sensor circuit () for inspecting property of an inspection target includes an oscillator () having a resonance frequency of 30 to 200 GHz, and a detection circuit () that estimates an oscillation frequency of the oscillator. 1. A sensor circuit for inspecting property of an inspection target , comprising:an oscillator comprising a cross-coupled transistor which oscillates at a frequency of any of 30 to 200 GHz;a counter circuit that counts a frequency of a signal which the oscillator oscillates; anda detection unit that detects a change in the property of the inspection target referring to a change in the counted frequency.)2. (canceled)3. The sensor circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising:a frequency divider that divides the frequency of the oscillator and outputs an output signal having the division-resultant frequency to the counter circuit,wherein the counter circuit counts the frequency of the signal output from the frequency divider for a predetermined period,the sensor circuit further comprises an estimation unit comprising the counter circuit which estimates the frequency of the oscillator referring to the counted result of the counter circuit.4. The sensor circuit according to claim 1 ,wherein the oscillator includes an inductor, and the detection unit uses the inductor for detection.5. The sensor circuit according to claim 1 ,wherein the oscillator includes a capacitor, and the detection unit uses the capacitor for detection.6. The sensor circuit according to claims 3 ,wherein the estimation unit estimates the frequency of the oscillator basing on an operation of the oscillator caused by an enable signal. The present invention relates to a sensor circuit that includes a high-frequency oscillator and detects a change in an inspection target containing moisture.Cost reduction, miniaturization, inspection time reduction, simplicity of operation, and the ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR WATER DETECTION IN MULTIPHASE FLOWS

Methods and apparatus for detecting water in multiphase flows are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a conduit including an inlet to receive a multiphase flow and an electromagnetic sensor coupled to a liquid-rich region of the conduit to measure a permittivity of the multiphase flow, and a water detection manager to determine that water is detected in the multiphase flow based on the permittivity. 1. An apparatus , comprising: an inlet to receive a multiphase flow; and', 'an electromagnetic sensor coupled to a liquid-rich region of the conduit to measure a permittivity of the multiphase flow; and, 'a conduit includinga water detection manager to determine that water is detected in the multiphase flow based on the permittivity.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the liquid-rich region is disposed at an underside of a horizontal blind tee conduit or disposed at a near-wall region of a vertical conduit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic sensor is a radiofrequency (RF) or a microwave frequency open-coaxial probe claim 1 , an RF/microwave local transmission measurement sensor claim 1 , an RF/microwave local resonance sensor claim 1 , a millimeter-wave sensor claim 1 , or an electrical impedance local measurement sensor claim 1 , the electromagnetic sensor to operate at one measurement frequency or a plurality of measurement frequencies.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the permittivity is a first permittivity claim 1 , the water detection manager further including:a parameter calculator to determine the first permittivity and a second permittivity of the multiphase flow based on electromagnetic data obtained from the electromagnetic sensor; and compare a difference between the first permittivity and the second permittivity to a water detection threshold; and', 'determine that water is detected in the multiphase flow based on the comparison., 'a water detector to5. The apparatus of claim 4 , further including a report generator to ...

Observation signal generation device, observation device, observation signal generation method, and observation method

An observation signal generation device includes a local signal generator, a first mixer which mixes an RF signal to be observed with the local signal and outputs a first IF signal, a second mixer which mixes the RF signal and the local signal and outputs a second IF signal, an first IF filter which includes a first intermediate frequency obtained by subtracting a frequency of the local signal from a first frequency of the RF signal in a passband, includes a second intermediate frequency obtained by subtracting a frequency of the RF signal from the frequency of the local signal in an attenuation band, and filters the first IF signal to generate a first observation signal, and an second IF filter includes the first intermediate frequency in the attenuation band and the second intermediate frequency in the passband, and filters the second IF signal to generate a second observation signal.

Water vapor observation device and water vapor observation method

A water vapor observation device includes a water vapor index acquisition module which acquires a water vapor index calculated based on radio wave intensities of at least two frequencies out of radio waves received by a microwave radiometer, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precipitable water vapor acquisition module which acquires a GNSS precipitable water amount calculated based on an atmospheric delay of a GNSS signal received by a GNSS receiver, a correlation data generation module which generates correlation data between the water vapor index and the GNSS precipitable water amount based on the water vapor index and the GNSS precipitable water amount at a plurality of time points during a predetermined period, and a precipitable water vapor calculation module which calculates a precipitable water amount based on the correlation data from the water vapor index obtained based on the microwave radiometer.

SENSOR DEVICE, WATER AMOUNT MEASUREMENT DEVICE, WATER AMOUNT MEASUREMENT METHOD, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD

A sensor device according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a sensor head and a measurement unit. The sensor head includes a first probe and a second probe, the first probe including a first antenna section used for transmission, the second probe including a second antenna section used for reception, the second probe being situated at a specified distance from the first probe and facing the first probe. The measurement unit includes a signal generator that generates a measurement signal that includes information regarding characteristics of a propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a medium between the first and second antenna sections. 1. A moisture sensing device , comprising:a first arm;a second arm;a coupling portion disposed between the first arm and the second arm, wherein the coupling portion maintains a distance between the first arm and the second arm;first wiring layers that are provided in the first arm, wherein the first wiring layers include a first stripline or a first microstripline including a first surface layer and a first internal layer;second wiring layers that are provided in the second arm, wherein the second wiring layers include a second stripline or a second microstripline including a second surface layer and a second internal layer;a first electromagnetic wave absorption layer covering a part of the first wiring layers;a second electromagnetic wave absorption layer covering a part of the second wiring layers;a transmitting antenna section including a part of the first wiring layers;a reception antenna section including a part of the second wiring layers; anda measurement unit, wherein the measurement unit generates a measurement signal regarding the characteristics of a propagation of an electromagnetic wave between the transmission antenna section and the reception antenna section,wherein the transmitting antenna section and the reception antenna section face each other.2. The moisture sensing device according to claim ...

IMPEDANCE-BASED FLOWLINE WATER CUT MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

A water cut measurement tool includes an elongated tubular section configured to flow a multiphase fluid including water and hydrocarbons. The elongated tubular section includes two portions. A first portion has a first diameter. A second portion is axially coupled to the first portion and has a second diameter less than the first diameter. The second portion can receive the multiphase fluid from the first portion. A first electrode is attached to an inner wall of the second portion. A second electrode is attached to the inner wall of the second portion and is positioned diametrically opposite to the first electrode. The two electrodes are configured to measure an impedance of the multiphase fluid flowed through the second portion responsive to a current flowed from the first electrode to the second electrode, and provide the impedance as an output. 1. A water cut measurement system comprising: a first portion having a first diameter,', 'a second portion axially coupled to the first portion and having a second diameter less than the first diameter, and', 'a third portion axially coupled to the second portion and having a third diameter greater than the second diameter; and, 'an elongated tubular section configured to flow a multiphase fluid comprising water and hydrocarbons, the elongated tubular section comprisingan electrode sub-system positioned in the second portion of the elongated tubular section, the electrode sub-system comprising a first electrode and a second electrode configured to flow a current; anda controller coupled to the electrode sub-system, the controller configured to determine a ratio of hydrocarbons to water in the multiphase fluid flowed through the elongated tubular section based on an impedance measured by the electrode sub-system responsive to the current flowed through the electrode sub-system.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first portion claim 1 , the second portion and the third portion has a circular cross-section.3. The ...

Systems and Methods for Determining Water-Cut of a Fluid Mixture

Provided in some embodiments are systems and methods for measuring the water content (or water-cut) of a fluid mixture. Provided in some embodiments is a water-cut sensor system that includes a T-resonator, a ground conductor, and a separator. The T-resonator including a feed line, and an open shunt stub conductively coupled to the feed line. The ground conductor including a bottom ground plane opposite the T-resonator and a ground ring conductively coupled to the bottom ground plane, with the feed line overlapping at least a portion of the ground ring. The separator including a dielectric material disposed between the feed line and the portion of the ground ring overlapped by the feed line, and the separator being adapted to electrically isolate the T-resonator from the ground conductor.

DEVICE AND AGRICULTURAL DEVICE FOR MEASURING WATER PRESENT IN VEGETATION AND OPERATION METHOD THEREOF

Device and agricultural device, and operation method thereof, for measuring plant water present in vegetation comprising: an microwave emitter of a displaceable beam; a microwave receiver; an electronic data processor connected to receive a signal from the microwave receiver; wherein the microwave emitter is arranged to direct said displaceable beam towards the microwave receiver for measuring attenuation of the beam passing through each of a plurality of locations of the vegetation; wherein the electronic data processor is configured for calculating the attenuation of the displaceable beam between the emitter and receiver to obtain a 2D image corresponding to the measurement of water present in the vegetation. In particular, said beam is displaceable by the device being mounted on a vehicle which is movable along the vegetation to be measured in a horizontal direction, the microwave emitter and microwave receiver being jointly mounted in opposite ends of an arched structure. 1. A device for measuring plant water present in vegetation , comprising:a microwave emitter of a beam, arranged in that the beam is displaceable to pass through each of a plurality of locations of the vegetation;a microwave receiver; andan electronic data processor connected to receive a signal from the microwave receiver and to control the displacement of said beam,wherein the microwave emitter is arranged to direct said displaceable beam towards the microwave receiver for measuring attenuation of the beam passing through each of said plurality of locations of the vegetation, andwherein the electronic data processor is configured to calculate the attenuation of the displaceable beam between the emitter and receiver and to obtain from the calculation a spatial 2D image of the vegetation wherein the image corresponds to the measurement of water present in the vegetation.2. The device for measuring plant water present in vegetation according to claim 1 , wherein the microwave receiver comprises ...

System and method for identifying and characterizing fluids in a vessel

A method and system are disclosed for using time domain reflectometry to determine the identity of a fluid in a vessel. The method includes transmitting an interrogation pulse into a vessel containing a fluid, receiving a reflection of the interrogation pulse off of a transition boundary, characterizing the properties of the reflection, where the properties include polarity, slope, phase, and amplitude, and comparing the properties of the reflection to a reference boundary transition signature.

INSPECTION AND FAILURE DETECTION OF CORROSION UNDER FIREPROOFING INSULATION USING A HYBRID SENSORY SYSTEM

A system for predicting and detecting of corrosion under fireproof insulation (CUF) in an infrastructure asset comprises a first detection apparatus adapted to capture thermal images of the asset, a second detection apparatus adapted to receive THz radiation from the asset, and at least one ambient condition sensor for detecting environmental conditions at a location of the asset, a communication device coupled to the first and second detection apparatus and at least one ambient condition sensor to receive data therefrom and adapted to communicate the received data, and a computing device communicatively coupled to the communication device and configured with instructions for executing a machine learning algorithm taking as inputs the thermal image, THz and ambient condition data received from the communication device, and to output a CUF prediction regarding the asset. 1. A system for predicting and detecting of corrosion under fireproof insulation (CUF) in an infrastructure asset comprising:a first detection apparatus adapted to capture thermal images of the asset;a second detection apparatus adapted to receive THz radiation from the asset;at least one ambient condition sensor for detecting environmental conditions at a location of the asset;a communication device coupled to the first and second detection apparatus and at least one ambient condition sensor to receive data therefrom and adapted to communicate the received data; anda computing device communicatively coupled to the communication device and configured with instructions for executing a machine learning algorithm taking as inputs the thermal image, THz and ambient condition data received from the communication device, and to output a CUF prediction regarding the asset;wherein the prediction distinguishes locations on the asset that have a high likelihood of CUF from those having a low likelihood of CUF.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first detection apparatus includes an infrared camera.3. The ...

Compact Microwave Device for Monitoring Grain Conditions

Novel microwave devices capable of monitoring pest activity or moisture content in grain. A planar active microwave resonator with a regenerative element is placed in proximity to the grain to be tested, for example by immersion within in a bulk grain store to monitor moisture levels or pest activity therein, mounting within a sample container to monitor moisture levels or pest activity in a smaller volume of grain sampled from a grain store or shipment, or exposure to individual sample kernels for detecting internal pests therein. 1. A method of monitoring grain conditions comprising , with an active planar cavity resonator located in proximity with grain to be monitored , monitoring at least one operating characteristic of said active planar cavity resonator for detectable shifts representative of changing conditions within said grain.2. The method of wherein said grain is a stored grain bulk.3. The method of wherein said grain is a sample volume of grain extracted from a larger source of bulk grain.4. The method of wherein said grain is a singular kernel of grain.5. The method of wherein the singular kernel of grain is received on a kernel-shaped support surface of a dielectric support fixed to the activator planar cavity resonator to ensure placement of said kernel in a predetermined position relative thereto.6. The method of wherein the active planar cavity resonator resides in a position exposed to direct contact with said grain.7. The method of comprising monitoring operating characteristics of a plurality of active planar cavity resonators dispersed at different locations throughout a volume of grain.8. The method of comprising using a containment structure delimiting boundary walls around the active planar cavity resonator to a contain said grain.9. The method of comprising using said detectable shifts to monitor pest-related conditions within the grain.10. The method of comprising distinguishing the presence of different pest species from one another based ...

SOIL HUMIDITY MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING DEVICE WITH MULTI-MODE COMPATIBILITY VIA GNSS-R AND A METHOD OF USING THE SAME

The disclosure relates to the technical field of soil humidity measurement, in particular to a soil humidity microwave remote sensing device with multi-mode compatibility via GNSS-R and a method of using the same. The device includes a direct RHCP antenna, reflective RHCP antenna, a reflective LHCP antenna, a combiner, switches, preamplifiers, down-conversion modules, sampling and quantizing modules, a capturing and closed-loop tracking module, an open-loop tracking module, a position calculating and controlling module and a soil humidity inverting module. The soil humidity microwave remote sensing device with multi-mode compatibility via GNSS-R realizes flexibly switching among different GNSS-R soil humidity microwave remote sensing working modes, so that the soil remote sensing device can fully utilize advantages of the different working modes to realize compatible multi-mode observation. The method realizes multi-mode, non-contact and large-area soil humidity measurement by utilizing the GNSS reflected signals.

PROCESS FOR QUANTIFYING THE MOISTURE IN A FIBER BLANKET

A process for quantifying the moisture in a blanket of fibers includes the emission of an incident electromagnetic wave towards the blanket, by at least one emitter; the receiving of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the blanket, by at least one receiver; the identification of a variation of at least one parameter of the transmitted wave relative to the incident wave; the determination of a representative value of moisture in the blanket of fibers, as a function of the variation and of the effective volume of blanket that has actually interacted with the incident wave. 1. A process for quantifying the moisture in a blanket of fibers , comprising:emitting an incident electromagnetic wave towards the blanket, by at least one emitter,receiving the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the blanket, by at least one receiver,identifying a variation of at least one parameter of the transmitted wave relative to the incident wave,determining a representative value of the moisture in the blanket of fibers, as a function of said variation and of an effective volume of blanket that has actually interacted with the incident wave.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the incident wave is a microwave.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a variation of one parameter of the transmitted wave relative to the incident wave is a phase shift.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a variation of one parameter of the transmitted wave relative to the incident wave is a change in amplitude.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the representative value of the moisture in the blanket of fibers corresponds to an actual amount of water that has interacted with the incident wave claim 1 , referred to as effective amount of water.6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the effective amount of water is determined by means of a mathematical relationship giving the variation of one parameter of the transmitted wave relative to the incident wave ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASPHALT DENSITY AND SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Systems and methods for ground penetrating radar for determining thickness, density and moisture are therefore provided. According to an embodiment, a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system comprises a system controller configured to produce an electromagnetic signal for signal penetration of a pavement material. Further, the GPR system comprises a frequency modulated continuous wave controller. Further, the GPR system comprises an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna coupled to the system controller, wherein the UWB antenna is configured to transmit the produced electromagnetic signal to the pavement material and receive the electromagnetic signal as a reflection from the pavement material. Further, the system controller is further configured to receive the electromagnetic signal from the UWB antenna. 1. A ground penetrating radar system comprising:a system controller configured to produce an electromagnetic signal for signal penetration of a pavement material;a frequency modulated continuous wave controller; andan ultra wide band (UWB) antenna coupled to the system controller, wherein the UWB antenna is configured to transmit the produced electromagnetic signal to the pavement material and receive the electromagnetic signal as a reflection from the pavement material; andwherein the system controller is further configured to receive the electromagnetic signal from the UWB antenna.2. The ground penetrating radar system of claim 1 , wherein a permittivity probe is mounted on to the antenna and in contact with the surface for ground truth data and reducing thickness errors.3. The ground penetrating radar system of claim 1 , wherein the system controller is further configured to determine thickness of the pavement material based on the received electromagnetic signal reflected from the pavement material.4. The ground penetrating radar system of claim 1 , wherein the system controller is further configured to attain at least one of a relative or absolute dielectric constant of ...

DETECTING APPARATUS AND HEATING APPARATUS

A detecting apparatus includes a plurality of first emitting parts two-dimensionally disposed, in a first axial direction with respect to an arrangement position at which a target object to which millimeter waves are to be emitted is arranged, to be directed to the arrangement position, the plurality of first emitting parts being configured to emit millimeter waves having a wavelength that is absorbed or reflected by a specific substance included in the target object; a first receiving part two-dimensionally disposed to face the plurality of first emitting parts across the arrangement position and to be directed to the arrangement position, the first receiving part being configured to receive the millimeter waves; and a first detecting part configured to detect a two-dimensional intensity distribution of the millimeter waves received by the first receiving part. 1. A detecting apparatus comprising:a plurality of first emitting parts two-dimensionally disposed, in a first axial direction with respect to an arrangement position at which a target object to which millimeter waves are to be emitted is arranged, to be directed to the arrangement position, the plurality of first emitting parts being configured to emit millimeter waves having a wavelength that is absorbed or reflected by a specific substance included in the target object;a first receiving part two-dimensionally disposed to face the plurality of first emitting parts across the arrangement position and to be directed to the arrangement position, the first receiving part being configured to receive the millimeter waves; anda first detecting part configured to detect a two-dimensional intensity distribution of the millimeter waves received by the first receiving part.2. The detecting apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a plurality of second emitting parts two-dimensionally disposed, in a second axial direction with respect to the arrangement position, to be directed to the arrangement position, ...

Time of Flight Sensor Device Configured to Measure a Characteristic of a Selected Medium

Embodiments of devices, systems, and methods are disclosed that may be used to determine moisture content or chemical composition of a selected medium, such as soil. In an embodiment, a sensor device may include a first transducer configured to send data at a first time to a second transducer through a selected medium and to receive data at a second time from the second transducer through the selected medium. The sensor device may further include a controller coupled to the first transducer and configured to determine a propagation delay through the selected medium based on a difference between the first time and the second time and based on a pre-determined delay time. In some embodiments, the controller may control the first transducer to transmit in different frequencies and may determine the chemical composition based on the propagation delay at the different frequencies.

Cavity Resonator System

A cavity resonator system for measuring EM properties of the contents of a pipe portion comprises a primary resonator and a secondary resonator each with the same configuration comprising a conductive casing that defines a cavity and has openings for receiving a pipe portion, insulator material disposed inside the cavity, and antennae for generating and detecting a resonant EM field inside the cavity. In addition, the secondary resonator comprises at least one conductive screening ring that extends around the location occupied by a pipe portion for screening the interior of the ring from the field generated inside the cavity of the secondary resonator. By combining measures of parameters of the field from both resonators, the system may be used to generate a measure representative of EM properties of the contents of the pipe portion that is compensated for variation in the EM properties of the insulator material. 1. A cavity resonator system for measuring electro-magnetic properties of the contents of a pipe portion , comprisinga primary resonator and a secondary resonator each comprising, in the same configuration:a conductive casing defining a cavity;insulator material disposed inside the cavity, the casing having a pair of opposed openings for receiving a pipe portion in a configuration extending through the cavity inside the insulator material; andantennae for generating and detecting a resonant electro-magnetic field inside the cavity,the secondary resonator further comprising at least one conductive screening ring that extends around the location to be occupied by a pipe portion received in the openings for screening the interior of the screening ring from a resonant electro-magnetic field generated inside the cavity by an antenna of the secondary resonator.2. A cavity resonator system according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the direction between the openings of the casing of the secondary resonator claim 1 , the total extent of the at least one screening ...

MEASURING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE MOISTURE CONTENT, THE LENGTH AND/OR AT LEAST ONE DYNAMOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC OF TEXTILE FIBERS, IN PARTICULAR COTTON FIBERS

The present invention relates to a method for measuring the moisture content, the length and at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular, cotton fibers, comprising the steps of: pressing a layer of textile fibers between a pair of plates parallel to one another, withdrawing a line of textile fibers from said layer thus pressed and making the textile fibers of said line substantially coplanar and parallel to one another, bringing said line of textile fibers to a measuring area at which at least to perform one measuring step selected from measuring the length and at least one dynamometric characteristic of the textile fibers forming the line, moving the textile fibers of the line of textile fibers away from the measuring area after having performed the at least one measuring step and 1) Method for measuring the moisture content , the length and at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers , in particular cotton fibers , comprising the steps of:a) pressing a layer of textile fibers between a pair of plates parallel to one another;b) withdrawing a line of textile fibers from said layer thus pressed and making the textile fibers of said line substantially coplanar and parallel to one another;c) bringing said line of textile fibers to a measuring area at which at least to perform one measuring step selected fromd1) measuring the length of the textile fibers of said line of textile fibers, andd2) measuring at least one dynamometric characteristic selected from the group comprising tensile strength and tensile elongation of the textile fibers of said line of textile fibers;e) moving the textile fibers of said line of textile fibers away from the measuring area after having performed the at least one measuring step d1) and d2); andf) measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming said layer and/or forming said line of textile fibers by means of microwave sensors for measuring moisture, wherein said step f) of ...

Measuring device for measuring the stickiness, imperfections and impurities of textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers

The present, invention refer(c) to. a measuring device ( 200 ) for measuring stickiness, imperfections and imparities in textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers, such a device comprising a housing inside which. a pair of rollers ( 203 a, 203 b ) are placed, arranged side by side to one another and rotating in opposite senses and between which a web of cotton fibers is made to pass, heating means for heating the rollers ( 203 a , 203 b ) , detection means ( 205 a, 205 b ) for detecting the IS sticky fractions of the web that adhere to the rollers after the passage of the web between them, removal means ( 206 a, 205 b ) for removing from the rollers ( 203 a, 203 b ) the sticky fractions adhering thereto, wherein the operation of the heating means is controlled by a processing and control unit as a function of the temperature of the rollers detected by temperature sensor means ( 207 a , 207 b ) associated with them.

FLOW MEASURING SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a measuring system for measuring dielectric properties of a multiphase fluid flow in a pipe. The system includes a microwave signal generator connected to the multiphase fluid flow for transmitting signals within a predetermined frequency range into said flow, a signal receiver adapted to receive signals within said range from said flow, and analyzing means for calculating the dielectric properties based on the transmitted and received signals. The signal generator includes: an IQ modulator being coupled to a high frequency oscillator and a low frequency synthesizer, the high frequency oscillator generating a high frequency signal f, and the low frequency synthesizer is adapted to generate signals fat a number of frequencies within a chosen frequency range, said IQ-modulator being adapted to generate an output signal IQconstituted by the combination of said signals from the oscillator and the synthesizer, the predetermined frequencies of the oscillator and the synthesizer being chosen based on the required output frequency range for the IQ-modulator. 1. A measuring system for measuring dielectric properties of a multiphase fluid flow in a pipe , the system including a microwave signal generator connected to a microwave sensor constituted by a resonator in the multiphase fluid flow for transmitting signals fwithin a predetermined frequency range into the flow , the pipe constituting or including the resonator within the frequency range , signal receiver adapted to receive signals within the range from the resonator in flow , and analyzing means for calculating the dielectric properties based on the transmitted and received signals , wherein the signal generator includes: an IQ modulator being coupled to a high frequency oscillator and a low frequency synthesizer ,{'sub': 'LO', 'the high frequency oscillator generating a high frequency signal f,'}{'sub': RF', 'OUT, 'the low frequency synthesizer is adapted to generate signals fat a ...

Level measuring instrument for determining moisture content

Described is a method and system for a level measurement. An echo curve is analyzed, and both the level and the moisture content of the stored material is determined therefrom. The level measuring instrument works in such an energy-saving manner that it is sufficient to supply the instrument with power using a 4 . . . 20 mA two-wire conductor loop that is also used to transmit at least some of the measured values. 113-. (canceled)14. A level measuring instrument for determining a level of a stored material , comprising:a radio frequency unit generating a measurement signal;a signal processing unit determining the level of the stored material from an echo curve of the measurement signal; anda temperature measuring device measuring a temperature value to determine a temperature,wherein the level measuring instrument determines, using the echo curve, a moisture content of the stored material andwherein the level measuring instrument improves, using the measured temperature value, the accuracy with which the moisture content is determined.15. The level measuring instrument according to claim 14 , further comprising:a two-wire interface,wherein the level measuring instrument is supplied with power and outputs at least one of the measured values, selected from the group of measured level and moisture-content values, via the two-wire interface.16. The level measuring instrument according to claim 14 , wherein the measurement signal is an FMCW signal.17. The level measuring instrument according to claim 14 , wherein the measurement signal is an electromagnetic pulse.18. The level measuring instrument according to claim 14 , further comprising:a data interface,wherein the level measuring instrument is supplied with power and outputs a first measured value, selected from the group of measured level and moisture-content values, via the two-wire interface; andwherein the level measuring instrument outputs a second measured value, selected from the group of measured level and ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING BALE PROPERTIES OF A CROP MATERIAL BALE USING MICROWAVE-BASED SENSING

A method and system for determining bale properties of crop material bales includes transmitting a first microwave signal through a bale of crop material located within an agricultural baler at a first frequency and transmitting a second microwave signal through the bale of crop material at a different second frequency and calculating, with at least one computing device, a phase angle displacement between the first and second microwave signals and determining, with the at least one computing device, a bale property of the bale of crop material based at least in part on the calculated phase angle differential. 1. A method for determining bale properties of a baled crop material , the method comprising:transmitting a first microwave signal through a bale of crop material located within an agricultural baler at a first frequency;transmitting a second microwave signal through the bale of crop material at a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is different from the first frequency;calculating, with one or more computing devices, a phase angle displacement between the first and second microwave signals based on detection of the first and second microwave signals as transmitted through the bale of crop material, anddetermining, with the one or more computing devices, one or more bale properties of the bale of crop material based at least in part on the calculated phase angle differential.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the bale of crop material within a baling chamber of the agricultural baler;wherein transmitting the first and second microwave signals through the bale of crop material comprises transmitting the first and second microwave signals through the bale of crop material while the bale of crop material is located within the baling chamber of the agricultural baler.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a wave attenuation of at least one of the first microwave signal or the second microwave signals as transmitted ...

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING MOISTURE CONTENT AMOUNT AND/OR COATING AMOUNT OF COATING LAYER OF SHEET-SHAPED BASE MATERIAL

A first isolator, which is disposed in a direction where a signal is transmitted only to an antenna direction, is connected directly to a connector portion of an antenna on an oscillation side without a cable, and a second isolator which is disposed in a direction where a signal is transmitted only to a receiver direction, is connected directly to the connector portion of the antenna on a receiver side without a cable. A data processing apparatus includes a peak level detector, a resonant frequency detector, and an arithmetic part for calculating a moisture content amount and a coating amount of a coating layer of a sample based on the detection values detected by these detectors. 1. A measuring apparatus for a sheet-shaped sample , comprising:a microwave cavity resonator having two iris plates formed with a hole in a middle of a waveguide vertical to a tube axis, a portion between the iris plates being a resonator portion, waveguide portions on outsides of the iris plates being first and second traveling wave portions having antennas, a slit for disposing a sheet-shaped sample being provided to the resonator portion so as to cross the waveguide;a microwave sweep oscillator for oscillating with a frequency within a predetermined range, the microwave sweep oscillator being connected to a side of the first traveling wave portion;a microwave strength receiver connected to a side of the second traveling wave portion;a first isolator disposed between the first traveling wave portion and the microwave sweep oscillator only in a direction where a signal is transmitted from the microwave sweep oscillator to an antenna of the first traveling wave portion, the first isolator connected directly to a connector portion of the antenna of the first traveling wave portion without a cable;a second isolator disposed between the second traveling wave portion and the microwave strength receiver only in a direction where a signal is transmitted from the antenna of the second traveling ...

System and Method for Determining Parameters Associated with Bale Charges Formed within a Pre-Compression Chamber of an Agricultural Baler

A method for determining parameters associated with bale charges formed within agricultural balers includes transmitting microwave signals through a charge of crop material located within a pre-compression chamber of an agricultural baler or into a wall of the pre-compression chamber. Additionally, the method includes determining at least one wave-related property associated with the microwave signals as transmitted through the charge of crop material or into the wall of the pre-compression chamber, and estimating a filling degree of at least a portion of the pre-compression chamber based at least in part on the at least one wave-related property associated with the microwave signals.

STEAM WETNESS MEASUREMENT WITH MICROWAVE TOMOGRAPHY

A system for measuring steam wetness, including: a plurality of microwave sensors for detecting microwave signals passing through a supply of steam flowing through a cavity; a calibration system for calibrating the plurality of microwave sensors; a film measurement system for measuring a characteristic of a film flowing along an inner surface of the cavity; a system for determining a characteristic of the steam flowing through the cavity based on data provided by the plurality of microwave sensors; and a system for determining a wetness of the steam flowing through the cavity based on the characteristic of the steam flowing through the cavity and the characteristic of the film flowing along the inner surface of the cavity. 1. A system for measuring steam wetness , comprising:a plurality of microwave sensors for detecting microwave signals passing through a supply of steam flowing through a cavity;a film measurement system for measuring a characteristic of a film flowing along inner surface of the cavity;a system for determining a characteristic of the steam flowing through the cavity based on data provided by the plurality of microwave sensors; anda system for determining a wetness of the steam flowing through the cavity based on the characteristic of the steam flowing through the cavity and the characteristic of the film flowing along the inner surface of the cavity.2. The system for measuring steam wetness according to claim 1 , further comprising a calibration system for calibrating the plurality of microwave sensors claim 1 , the calibration system obtaining phase shift and attenuation measurements over a range of frequencies using the plurality of microwave sensors.3. The system for measuring steam wetness according to claim 1 , wherein the cavity comprises a pipe.4. The system for measuring steam wetness according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of microwave sensors are distributed about a circumference of the cavity.5. The system for measuring steam ...

Measuring a water cut of hydrocarbon fluid in a production pipe

The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for measuring a water cut for hydrocarbon fluid in a production pipe. One method includes transmitting a microwave through a first waveguide attached to a production pipe, wherein the microwave is directed to the hydrocarbon fluid in the production pipe; and obtaining, measurement results based on reflection or propagation of the microwave, wherein the measurement results are used to determine a water cut of the hydrocarbon fluid.

Fuel quality sensor

The fuel quality sensor includes two rectangular parallepiped waveguides of equal dimensions stacked one atop the other and having a common ground. A thin wire extends through the intermediate wall(s) between the upper and lower waveguide cavities. An input connector is mounted on a sidewall of the upper waveguide, and an output connector is mounted on a sidewall of the lower waveguide cavity. A fluid conduit extends through the upper waveguide cavity adjacent the wire. A tunable microwave signal or wideband time domain pulse is applied to the input connector while fuel is flowing through the conduit. If the fuel flowing in the conduit is uncontaminated, the output signal at the second connector will show no change from the tunneling frequency, but if the fuel is contaminated, the change in the fuel's dielectric constant will result in a change in tunneling frequency and/or tan δ at the second connector.

MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE CONDITIONS OF A BAND CIRCULATING IN A PAPER MAKING MACHINE AND PAPER MAKING MACHINE COMPRISING SAID SYSTEM

A monitoring system for monitoring the conditions of a band circulating in a paper making machine is provided with: 1231. A monitoring system for monitoring the condition of a band () circulating in a paper making machine (); the system () comprising:{'b': 6', '2, 'a detecting device () configured to detect at least one parameter indicative of the conditions of the band ();'}{'b': 7', '6', '2', '2', '20, 'a moving assembly () configured to move the detecting device () along a direction (A) transversal to the circulating direction (S) of the band () and comprising a cable moving device ().'}2719206. System according to claim 1 , wherein the moving assembly () comprises a carriage () moved by the cable moving device () and coupled to the detecting device ().37181922. System according to claim 2 , wherein the moving assembly () comprises a guide () configured to guide the movement of the carriage () and extending along an axis (A) substantially transversal to the circulating direction (S) of the band ().4204340414042. System according to claim 1 , wherein the cable moving device () comprises an hauling cable () claim 1 , a moving member () claim 1 , a moving pulley () moved by the moving member () claim 1 , and at least one return pulley ().519541943. System according to claim 4 , wherein the carriage () comprises at least one grip member () configured to hook the carriage () to the hauling cable ().619263119. System according to claim 3 , wherein the guide () comprises a guide element () suited to define a seat () in which the carriage () moves.726. System according to claim 6 , wherein the guide element () has a substantially C-shaped section.8193526. System according to claim 6 , wherein the guide () comprises a stiffening element () coupled to the guide element ().96111952551152. System according to claim 2 , wherein the detecting device () is provided with a first binding element () and the carriage () is provided with a second binding element (); the system ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A VALUE OF A PROPERTY OF A MATERIAL USING MICROWAVE

Methods and apparatuses for determining a value of a property of a material that flows in a conduit inside a microwave cavity are described. Such apparatus may include: a multi-mode microwave cavity having the conduit in it; a plurality of feeds, each configured to feed the cavity with RF radiation to excite multiple modes in the cavity; a detector, configured to detect parameters indicative of electrical response of the cavity to RF radiation fed to the cavity; and a processor, configured to determine the value of the property based on the parameters detected by the detector. In some embodiments, at least one of the feeds comprises a radiating element outside the cavity and a waveguide configured to guide waves from the radiating element to the cavity. 175-. (canceled)76. A method of determining a value of a property of a material that flows in a conduit inside a microwave cavity , the method comprising:exciting a plurality of excitation setups in the microwave cavity;detecting parameters indicative of an electrical response of the microwave cavity to the exciting of the plurality of excitation setups in the microwave cavity; anddetermining the value of the property based on the detected parameters by application of a kernel method.77. The method of claim 76 , comprising determining a time derivative of at least one parameter indicative of the electrical response of the microwave cavity to the exciting of the plurality of excitation setups in the microwave cavity claim 76 , and determining the value of the property based on the time derivative determined.78. The method of claim 76 , comprising determining a time derivative of a scattering parameter S claim 76 , and determining the value of the property based on the time derivative determined.79. The method of claim 78 , wherein i=j.80. The method of claim 76 , comprising reducing a dimension of an input vector using supervised or unsupervised learning claim 76 , wherein the input vector includes values of ...

SENSOR FOR MONITORING FREEZING STATUS OF PRODUCTS

A sensor system for sensing a level of frozenness of a predetermined product comprises at least one emission antenna for directing electromagnetic radiation with at least one frequency within a frequency range of 0.1 GHz to 10 THz to a product and at least one receiver for receiving said electromagnetic radiation after transmission through or reflection from said product. The sensor system furthermore comprises at least one data processing unit for determining a level of frozenness based on said received electromagnetic radiation and taking into account dielectric properties of the predetermined product based on a physical-mathematical model of the product or calibration data. 116.-. (canceled)17. A sensor system for sensing a level of frozenness of a predetermined product , the sensor system comprising:at least one emission antenna for directing electromagnetic radiation with at least one frequency within a frequency range of 0.1 GHz to 10 THz to the product,at least one receiver for receiving said electromagnetic radiation after transmission through or reflection from said product,at least one data processing unit for determining a level of frozenness based on said received electromagnetic radiation and taking into account dielectric properties of the predetermined product based on a physical-mathematical model of the product or calibration data.18. The sensor system according to claim 17 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a single frequency or single frequency band.19. The sensor system according to claim 17 , wherein the at least one emission antenna and the at least one receiver are configured with respect to each other and a product holder for holding the product so that the sensor system operates in transmission mode.20. The sensor system according to claim 17 , wherein the data processing unit is adapted for taking into account a physical-mathematical model expressing a freezable water content being present in the ...

Multi-Depth Soil Moisture Monitoring Systems and Methods to Evaluate Soil Type, Packaged in Small Round Polyvinyl Chloride Tube, With Potting and Rodent Protection, for Effective Measurements and Installation

According to some exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure is related in general to a soil moisture monitoring system comprising a first PVC pipe holding one or more sensing units, a top of the first PVC pipe mated to a “T” intersection, and a base of the “T” intersection mated to a rodent resistant cord. The first PVC pipe is generally round in shape with one or more flat surfaces of approximately six inches in length, each flat surface at an approximately 90 degree angle relative to a next closest flat surface. Each of the one or more sensing units further comprises a controller communicatively coupled between two antennas. In most exemplary embodiments, four sensing units may be vertically stacked on the first PVC pipe and configured to transmit eight separate directional radio frequencies into nearby dirt, each of the eight separate directional radio frequencies vertically spaced six inches apart. 1. A soil moisture monitoring system comprising:a first PVC pipe holding one or more sensing units;a top of the first PVC pipe mated to a “T” intersection; anda base of the “T” intersection mated to a rodent resistant cord.2. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 2 , further comprising:the first PVC pipe being generally round in shape with one or more flat surfaces of approximately six inches in length, each flat surface at an approximately 90 degree angle relative to a next closest flat surface.3. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 1 , each of the one or more sensing units further comprising a controller communicatively coupled between two antennas.4. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 3 , each of the one or more sensing units further comprising a programming port in close proximity to the controller.5. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 4 , the controller on each of the one or more sensing units configured to be independently programmable with its own unique program.6. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 5 , further ...

PAVEMENT MATERIAL MICROWAVE DENSITY MEASUREMENT METHODS AND APPARATUSES

Portable microwave material gauge for determining the quality of a pavement material is provided. The gauge includes an electromagnetic field generator configured to generate an electric field mode that penetrates into the material wherein the material includes a heterogeneous material including at least one of a pavement material and a soil material, a calibration data set, a sensor of size and shape to support the electric field mode and to determine the response of the pavement material to the electric field wherein determining the response includes determining a change in the permittivity as a function of a change in the quality of the material; and an analyzer configured to correlate the sensor permittivity response to the calibration data set wherein correlating the response includes using stored relationships between the material quality and the sensor response using calibration samples having changes in permittivity as a function of quality. 1generating a microwave frequency electromagnetic field of a first mode about the pavement material;determining a frequency response of the pavement material in the electromagnetic field; andcorrelating the frequency response to a material property of the pavement material sample.. A method of obtaining a material property of a pavement material from a microwave field, the method comprising: This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/500,969, filed on Sep. 29, 2014, being issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,908,096 on Feb. 2, 2021, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/846,181, filed on Mar. 18, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,847,609 issued on Sep. 30, 2014, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/712,060, filed on Feb. 28, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,400,168 issued on Mar. 19, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/971,546, filed Oct. 22, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,239,150 issued on Jul. 3, ...

Dynamic Determination of Irrigation-Related Data Using Machine Learning Techniques

Methods, systems, and computer program products for dynamic determination of irrigation-related data using machine learning techniques are provided herein. A computer-implemented method includes obtaining irrigation-related data pertaining to a region of interest; determining temporal values corresponding to irrigation activity at the region of interest by performing spatiotemporal analysis of the irrigation-related data; determining amounts of water utilized in connection with the irrigation activity corresponding to the temporal values by applying machine learning techniques to the irrigation-related data; determining types of irrigation activity attributed to the irrigation activity by applying machine learning techniques to the irrigation-related data and determined amounts of water; determining irrigation-related variables pertaining to the region of interest by executing a physical model using, as inputs, the determined temporal values, amounts of water, and types of irrigation activity, wherein the irrigation-related variables include an extent of irrigation activity; and outputting the determined irrigation-related variables to a user. 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:obtaining multiple items of irrigation-related data pertaining to at least one region of interest;determining one or more temporal values corresponding to irrigation activity at one or more portions of the at least one region of interest by performing spatiotemporal analysis of at least a portion of the obtained irrigation-related data;determining one or more amounts of water utilized in connection with the irrigation activity corresponding to the one or more determined temporal values by applying a first set of one or more machine learning techniques to at least a portion of the obtained irrigation-related data;determining one or more types of irrigation activity to be attributed to the irrigation activity corresponding to the one or more determined temporal values by applying a ...

Methods of monitoring wetness utilizing a resonant circuit

Methods that include: subjecting an article including a moisture sensor to steam sterilization in a steam sterilizer to produce a sterilized article, the moisture sensor having a moisture absorbing layer and a resonant circuit; subjecting the sterilized article to drying; and interrogating the resonant circuit, wherein the interrogation is affected by an amount of water present in the moisture absorbing layer.

MICROWAVE MOISTURE METER AND SENSOR

A microwave moisture sensor for agricultural materials, such as grains and nuts, is disclosed herein that includes a material sample holder having a substantially cylindrical cavity formed therein. The meter assembly further includes a transmitting antenna on a side of the sample holder and a receiving antenna on a side of sample holder directly opposite the transmitting antenna wherein the sample holder is located between the two antennas, the receiving antenna configured to receive a transmitted microwave through the sample holder. 118-. (canceled)19. A method of measuring moisture in a sample material located within a material sample holder assembly by measuring attenuation and phase changes in a signal transmitted through the sample of material being measured , the method comprising:providing an inner cylindrical holder member disposed within an outer holder member, the inner cylindrical holder member having a longitudinal axis along a length of the cylindrical holder and configured to be rotated axially about the longitudinal axis within the outer holder member, wherein the outer holder member is configured from a material that approximates a permittivity of the sample material being measured within the sample holder assembly;rotating axially the inner cylindrical holder within the outer holder member;transmitting from a side of the material sample holder assembly a polarized microwave signal; andreceiving from an opposite side of the material sample holder assembly the polarized microwave signal transmitted through the material sample holder assembly.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein a mode of polarization of the microwave signal is circular.21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising the step of providing antennas to transmit and receive the polarized signal claim 19 , each of the antennas with a height substantially similar to a height of the cylindrically shaped sample holder.22. The method of claim 19 , further comprising the step of providing the ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING ABSORBENT HYGIENE PRODUCTS

A method for measuring absorbent hygiene products comprises placing absorbent bodies on a web and moving the web through at least one microwave resonator. Values of a shift in a resonance frequency and a spreading of the resonance frequency are measured using the at least one microwave resonator to continuously determine the shift in the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency. At least one of moisture and density of the plurality of absorbent bodies is determined based on the measured values of the shift in the resonance frequency and a spreading of the resonance frequency. Empty values for each of the measured values of the shift in the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency are determined and subtracted from the measured values of the shift in the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency to evaluate the measured values. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for measuring absorbent hygiene products , the method comprising:placing a plurality of absorbent bodies on a continuous web, wherein the absorbent bodies are spaced from each other;moving the continuous web through at least one microwave resonator;measuring values of a shift in a resonance frequency and a spreading of the resonance frequency using the at least one microwave resonator to continuously determine the shift in the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency;determining at least one of moisture and density of the plurality of absorbent bodies based on the measured values of the shift in the resonance frequency and a spreading of the resonance frequency;determining empty values for each of the measured values of the shift in the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency by continuously determining a local minimum value and averaging the local minimum value with a plurality of past values of local minima; andsubtracting the empty values from the measured values of the shift in the resonance ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF MATERIAL PROPERTY USING VARIABLE REFLECTOR

A system and method for measuring a material includes at least one transmitter for transmitting a first signal and a second signal. A variable reflector reflects a portion of the first signal at a first reflecting property to produce a first reflected signal, the portion of the first signal having traveled through the material. The variable reflector also reflects a portion of the second signal at a second reflecting property to produce a second reflected signal, the portion of the second signal having traveled through the material. A receiver receives the first received signal and the second received signal, the first received signal includes the first reflected signal having traveled through the material and the second received signal includes the second reflected signal having traveled through the material. The first reflected signal and the second reflected signal providing an indication of at least one property of the material. The at least one property includes permittivity, attenuation, anisotropy, and frequency dependency of the material. 1. A system for measuring a material , the system comprising:at least one transmitter for transmitting at least a first signal and a second signal;at least one variable reflector for reflecting a portion of the first signal at a first reflecting property to produce a first reflected signal, the portion of the first signal having traveled through the material, and for reflecting a portion of the second signal at a second reflecting property to produce a second reflected signal, the portion of the second signal having traveled through the material;at least one receiver for receiving at least a first received signal and at least a second received signal, the first received signal comprising the first reflected signal having traveled through the material and the second received signal comprising the second reflected signal having traveled through the material, the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal providing ...

Cut-off regulator

The present invention relates to a sensor assembly for measuring dielectric properties in a hydrocarbon fluid flow in a pipe, especially measuring salinity of said flow, comprising a microwave cavity resonator being adapted to be positioned in the wall of said pipe, and being designed to operate at a chosen resonant frequency. The sensor assembly also comprises a metallic plate at a distance from said sensor, wherein the plate defines a waveguide enclosing the microwave cavity resonator, the waveguide being open along the axis of the pipe for allowing said flow to pass through, the waveguide having a cutoff frequency being higher than the resonant frequency of the microwave cavity resonator.

Plant water sensor

The plant water Anomalous Phase sensor can determine moisture levels in plant leaves, stems and wood. The sensors described include several embodiments of the sensor, all of which estimate moisture levels by determining changes in the phase spectrum of an anomalous-phase resonator. Two embodiments include a planar transmitting antenna array with two slightly detuned patch antennas and a detector. In a first embodiment, the detector is a dipole antenna centered and out of plane with the transmitting antenna array. In a second embodiment, the detector is a singular rectangular patch antenna coplanar with the transmitting antenna array. The third embodiment is similar to the second embodiment, but is formed on a flexible substrate, so that the sensor can be wrapped about a twig, branch or other plant structure, in a non-coplanar arrangement. To compensate for temperature affects, a reference sensor may be integrated with an active sensor.

SENSOR DEVICE, WATER AMOUNT MEASUREMENT DEVICE, WATER AMOUNT MEASUREMENT METHOD, INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD

A sensor device according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a sensor head and a measurement unit. The sensor head includes a first probe and a second probe, the first probe including a first antenna section used for transmission, the second probe including a second antenna section used for reception, the second probe being situated at a specified distance from the first probe and facing the first probe. The measurement unit includes a signal generator that generates a measurement signal that includes information regarding characteristics of a propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a medium between the first and second antenna sections. 1. A sensor device comprising:a sensor head that includes a first probe and a second probe, the first probe including a first antenna section used for transmission, the second probe including a second antenna section used for reception, the second probe being situated at a specified distance from the first probe and facing the first probe; anda measurement unit that includes a signal generator that generates a measurement signal that includes information regarding characteristics of a propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a medium between the first and second antenna sections.2. The sensor device according to claim 1 , whereinthe first and second probes are each constituted of a coaxial cable that includes a core wire portion and a shield portion, andthe first and second antenna sections each include a hole provided in a portion of the shield portion.3. The sensor device according to claim 2 , whereinthe first and second probes each include an end resistance that is electrically connected between an end of the core wire portion and the shield portion.4. The sensor device according to claim 2 , whereinthe sensor head further includes an electromagnetic wave absorption material that is provided in each of the first and second probes to cover a portion around the hole in the shield portion.5. The sensor device ...

Method and System of Determining Soil-Water Properties

A system and method for simulating soil moisture of farmland and large agricultural areas in three dimensions is described. The invention utilizes numerical techniques to solve a three dimensional boundary value problem which is defined by the soil to air interface (surface, x and y), and soil below surface (depth along the z axis) over the area of interest. Solved are key parameters which describe the soil which include soil particle size distribution (soil type), Hydraulic conductivity (water flow in the Z axis) Soil water diffusivity (water moving in the x, and y direction). This model will result in delivering soil moisture readings and soil water storage as a function of time thereby helping local managers of farmland or large agricultural areas to optimize watering and care of crops. 1. A remote sensor designed to measure dielectric constant of soil , comprising:a radio frequency transmitter circuit constructed to transmits an RF signal at a predetermined frequency toward the soil, the transmitted signal defining X and Y boundaries for an imaging area;a radio frequency receiver circuit constructed to receive from the soil a reflected RF signal responsive to the transmitted RF signal;a processor configured to calculate soil moisture of a volume of the soil, the volume defined by the imaging area and a soil depth Z, which is inversely proportional to the RF transmission frequency; andwherein the responsive RF signal is indicative of the dialectic constant of the soil.2. The remote sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the RF transmission frequency is modulated using frequency sweep or code division sweep techniques claim 1 , which creates function reflected time of arrival vs frequency or code to allow for soil moisture measurement performed at multiple Z depths.3. The remote sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the RF transmission frequency is modulated using frequency sweep or code division sweep techniques claim 1 , which creates function reflected time of ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING ABSORBENT HYGIENE PRODUCTS

A device for measuring absorbent bodies that are spaced from each other on a continuous web comprises at least two microwave resonators configured to measure values of a shift of a resonance frequency and a spreading of a resonance frequency. The continuous web moves through the at least two microwave resonators and the at least two microwave resonators are positioned at an offset with respect to each other in the transverse and transport direction relative to a direction of transport of the continuous web in order to measure the entire width of the continuous web. At least one of a moisture and a density of the absorbent bodies is determined using the at least two microwave resonators to continuously determine the values of the shift of the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency. 114-. (canceled)15. A device for measuring absorbent bodies that are spaced from each other on a continuous web , the device comprising:at least two microwave resonators configured to measure values of a shift of a resonance frequency and a spreading of a resonance frequency, wherein the continuous web moves through the at least two microwave resonators and the at least two microwave resonators are positioned at an offset with respect to each other in the transverse and transport direction relative to a direction of transport of the continuous web in order to measure a width of the continuous web,wherein at least one of a moisture and a density of the absorbent bodies is determined using the at least two microwave resonators to continuously determine the measured values of the shift of the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency.16. The device according to claim 15 , wherein the measured values of the shift of the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency are corrected by an offset of the at least two microwave resonators in the transport direction.17. The device according to claim 15 , wherein each of the at least ...

Radio Frequency System and Method for Monitoring Engine-Out Exhaust Constituents

A radio frequency system and method for monitoring an engine-out exhaust emission constituent. The system comprises a housing containing the emission constituent, one or more radio frequency sensors extending into the housing and transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals, and a control unit for controlling the radio frequency signals and monitoring changes in the emission constituent based on changes in one or more parameters of the radio frequency signals. In one embodiment, the control unit measures a rate of change in one or more of the parameters of the radio frequency signals for monitoring a rate of change of the emission constituent including for example the emission rate, accumulation rate, and/or depletion rate of the emission constituent.

Water vapor observing system

A water vapor observing system which is capable of observing water vapor regardless of a situation of an external system may be provided. The water vapor observing system may be configured to observe water vapor contained within atmospheric air, and include a transmission unit configured to transmit transmission waves, one of a reception unit configured to receive reflection waves caused by the transmission waves reflected on and returned from a stationary object as reception waves, and a reception unit disposed at a different position from the transmission unit and configured to receive the transmission waves as reception waves, and a relative water vapor amount calculating module configured to calculate a relative water vapor amount that is a relative value of water vapor with respect to a reference water vapor amount being a comparison target, based on the reception wave received by the one of the reception units.

WATER VAPOR OBSERVING APPARATUS

The purpose is to reliably calculate a water vapor amount at a given position. A water vapor observing apparatus may include a transmitting part (which may also be referred to as a transmitter circuitry) configured to transmit a first transmission wave and a second transmission wave having different frequencies, a receiving part (which may also be referred to as a receiver circuitry) configured to receive, as reception waves, reflection waves caused by the transmission waves reflected on and returned from a ground surface portion or a water surface after passing through water vapor, and an arithmetic processor configured to calculate an amount of the water vapor in a passing area of the transmission waves based on first reception information generated from a first reception wave obtained from the first transmission wave, and second reception information generated from a second reception wave obtained from the second transmission wave. 1. A water vapor observing apparatus for calculating an amount of water vapor contained within atmospheric air , comprising:a transmitter circuitry configured to transmit a first transmission wave and a second transmission wave having different frequencies;a receiver circuitry configured to receive, as reception waves, reflection waves caused by the transmission waves reflected on and returned from one of a ground surface portion and a water surface after passing through the water vapor; andan arithmetic processor configured to calculate an amount of the water vapor in a passing area of the transmission waves based on first reception information generated from a first reception wave and obtained from the first transmission wave, and a second reception information generated from a second reception wave obtained from the second transmission wave.2. The water vapor observing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the arithmetic processor calculates the water vapor amount in the passing area of the transmission waves based on a level difference ...

System and method for determining properties of liquids

At least one property of a complex liquid is determined utilizing first and second sensing devices for measuring a respective first and second physical parameter of the liquid and generating respective first and second measured data indicative thereof. A control unit connectable to the sensing devices is used for analyzing the first and second measured data and determining the at least one property of the complex liquid. The first measured data may be responsive to a relatively low-frequency electric or electromagnetic field induced in the liquid, and the second measured data may be a response of the liquid to a relatively high-frequency external electromagnetic field applied to it.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING SOIL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION

A system and methods for measuring soil properties characteristics, the system comprising: at least one probe configured to be inserted into the soil, the probe comprising a plurality of antennas; a radio link characterization unit for transmitting a radio signal from at least one of the antennas and receiving a propagated radio signal from at least one of the antennas to yield at least one radio link; and a processor for converting the radio link characteristics into the soil properties characteristics. 1. A system for measuring soil properties , the system comprising:at least one device configured to be inserted into said soil, said device comprising at least one antenna array, said at least one antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas;a radio link characterization unit for transmitting a radio signal from at least one of said antennas and receiving a propagated radio signal from at least one of said antennas to yield at least one radio link, said radio link comprises a radio frequency propagation in said soil; andat least one processing unit for converting said radio link characteristics into said soil properties characteristics.2. The system of wherein the at least one processing unit is configured with instructions to extract the amplitude and phase of said radio links and compute the soil's dielectric constant and soil conductivity to yield the soil moisture or salinity in at least one layer of said soil.3. The system of wherein the device comprises at least one probe and wherein the at least one antenna array is embedded in said probe.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are on the same probe.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises at least two probes and the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are on different probes.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are the same antenna.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of antennas are ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF MATERIAL PROPERTY USING VARIABLE REFLECTOR

A system and method for measuring a material includes at least one transmitter for transmitting a first signal and a second signal. A variable reflector reflects a portion of the first signal at a first reflecting property to produce a first reflected signal, the portion of the first signal having traveled through the material. The variable reflector also reflects a portion of the second signal at a second reflecting property to produce a second reflected signal, the portion of the second signal having traveled through the material. A receiver receives the first received signal and the second received signal, the first received signal includes the first reflected signal having traveled through the material and the second received signal includes the second reflected signal having traveled through the material. The first reflected signal and the second reflected signal providing an indication of at least one property of the material. The at least one property includes permittivity, attenuation, anisotropy, and frequency dependency of the material. 144.-.45. A variable reflector comprising:a plurality of elongated conductive elements interconnected by at least one variable electrical impedance junction element, a variation of the impedance of the junction element varying a scattering electromagnetic field scattering from the plurality of interconnected elongated conductive elements when energized.46. The variable reflector of claim 45 , wherein when energized by an incident electromagnetic signal claim 45 , the scattering electromagnetic field from the plurality of interconnected elongated conductive elements is dependent on the strength of the incident electromagnetic signal and the variable impedance of the junction element.47. The variable reflector of claim 45 , wherein the scattering electromagnetic field is dependent on an amount of alignment of the incident electromagnetic signal with an orientation of the plurality of elongated conductive elements.48. The ...

Fluid Sensor Comprising a Composite Cavity Member

A fluid sensor has a core defining a fluid flow path and a cavity member located externally of the core. The cavity member includes an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix. The cavity member is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field may be a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor can be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of fluid in the fluid flow path. 161-. (canceled)62. A fluid sensor comprising:a core defining a fluid flow path; anda cavity member located externally of the core and comprising an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix,wherein the cavity member is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field, wherein the cavity member comprises a first layer which comprises an electrically-conductive composite material, wherein the cavity member comprises a second layer which is configured to withstand at least one of a predetermined pressure, a predetermined force, a predetermined axial tension, a predetermined axial compression, and/or a predetermined bending stress, wherein the second layer is located externally of the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a material which has the same composition as the electrically-conductive composite material of the first layer and wherein the reinforcing elements of the first layer are formed along a first helical trajectory and the reinforcing elements of the second layer are formed along a second helical trajectory different ...

HYDRATION SENSOR

A hydration sensor is provided that includes a circulator having a plurality of ports, an amplitude-modulated coherent source connected to a first port of the circulator, a rectifier or other power sensor connected to a second port of the circulator followed by an RF baseband low-noise amplifier, a coupling structure connected to the third port of the circulator, and a demodulator connected to the output of the rectifier. The hydration sensor can include an RF low noise amplifier between the circulator and rectifier, and/or a second amplitude modulator between the circulator and the coupling structure. The coupling structure can be either a guided-wave near-field structure or an interfacial capacitive or inductive element. In the former case, the hydration is determined by measuring the reflectivity of the guided-wave radiation, and in the latter case it is determined by measuring the change of reflectivity (through change of impedance) of the interfacial element. 1. A hydration sensor comprising:a circulator having a plurality of ports;a coherent source coupled to a first port of the plurality of ports of the circulator and amplitude modulated at a first frequency;a detector coupled to a second port of the plurality of ports of the circulator;a demodulator connected to the output of the rectifier or other power sensor; anda coupling structure connected to the third port of the circulator, the coupling structure configured to couple to a sample under test.2. The hydration sensor of claim 1 , wherein the coupling structure is an open-ended metal waveguide having an open end to couple with a sample under test.3. The hydration sensor of claim 2 , further comprising:at least two adjoined open-ended waveguides to couple two or more separate frequencies.4. The hydration sensor of claim 2 , further comprising:an RF-transparent membrane that covers the open end of the open-ended metal waveguide that couples to the sample under test.5. The hydration sensor of claim 1 , ...

MEASURING DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DIELECTRIC AND / OR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF A SAMPLE BY MEANS OF A MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT, APPARATUS USING SUCH A MEASURING DEVICE, AND METHOD USING SUCH AN APPARATUS

A microwave measuring device having a transmitting module and a receiving module and an apparatus having these modules are described. The two modules are accommodated either in a common housing or in separate housings. The transmitting module can be coupled to a transmitting antenna and the receiving module can be coupled to a receiving antenna. In order to compensate for measurement errors, in particular temperature-related measurement errors, at least one RF bypass cable runs outside the housing/the housings and can be used to couple the transmitting module and the receiving module while bridging the measuring section defined by the two antennas. 1. A measuring device for the dielectric and/or magnetic properties of a sample by means of a microwave transmission measurement comprising:a transmitting module with a first synthesis generator for generating a first high-frequency signal having a first frequency, and a first HF signal output connectible to the first synthesis generator which can be coupled to a HF coupling unit by means of a transmitting-side HF connecting cable;a receiving module, with a first HF signal input that can be coupled to an HF decoupling unit by means of a receiving side HF connecting cable, and a HF mixer with a first mixer input connectible to the first HF signal input, a second mixer input connected or connectible to the first HF synthesis generator in a homodyne system or a second HF synthesis generator in a heterodyne system, and a mixer output, which outputs an LF signal that is mixed from the two HF signals fed to the inputs,wherein transmitting module and receiving module are arranged either in a common housing or in separate housings; andan evaluation unit, which is connected to the output of the mixer and thus processes the LF signal in a first operating state of the apparatus in a first state,wherein the transmitting module additionally comprises at least one second HF signal output connectible to the first synthesis generator and ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING SOIL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION

A system and methods for measuring soil properties characteristics, the system comprising: at least one probe configured to be inserted into the soil, the probe comprising a plurality of antennas; a radio link characterization unit for transmitting a radio signal from at least one of the antennas and receiving a propagated radio signal from at least one of the antennas to yield at least one radio link; and a processor for converting the radio link characteristics into the soil properties characteristics. 1. A system for measuring properties of soil , the system comprising:at least one probe configured and operable to be inserted into said soil;at least one Radio Frequency (RF) antenna array, said at least one RF antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas rigidly attached to said at least one probe for transmitting RF signals into the soil and receiving reflected RF signals; transmit the RF signals from an antenna selected out of said plurality of antennas; and', 'receive the reflected RF signals at an at least one another antenna out of said plurality of antennas to yield at least one radio link, said radio link comprising propagation of the RF signals in said soil; and, 'a radio link characterization unit configured and operable toat least one processing unit configured and operable to convert characteristics of said at least one radio link into data relating to characteristics of properties of said soil.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of antennas are divided into a plurality of transmitting antennas and a plurality of receiving antennas.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more absorbing materials are placed between adjacent antennas of said plurality of antennas.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more absorbing materials are selected from the group consisting of: carbon; metallic particles embedded inside a foam or solid plastic.5. The system of claim 1 , comprising a protection seal made of electromagnetic transparent ...

A MICROWAVE MOISTURE METER AND SENSOR

A microwave moisture sensor for agricultural materials, such as grains and nuts, is disclosed herein that includes a material sample holder having a substantially cylindrical cavity formed therein. The meter assembly further includes a transmitting antenna on a side of the sample holder and a receiving antenna on a side of sample holder directly opposite the transmitting antenna wherein the sample holder is located between the two antennas, the receiving antenna configured to receive a transmitted microwave through the sample holder. 1. A microwave moisture meter assembly including a microwave source , the microwave meter assembly configured to measure attenuation and phase changes in a sample of material being measured , the microwave meter assembly comprising:a material sample holder assembly having a substantially inner cylindrical holder member disposed within an outer holder member, the inner cylindrical holder member having a longitudinal axis along a length of the cylindrical holder and configured to be rotated axially about the longitudinal axis within the outer holder member, wherein the outer holder member is comprised of a material that approximates a permittivity of the sample material being measured within the sample holder assembly;a rotator mechanism in operative contact with the inner holder and configured to at least axially rotate the inner cylindrical holder within the outer holder member;a transmitting antenna located on a side of the material sample holder configured to transmit a polarized microwave signal; anda receiving antenna located on a side of the material sample holder assembly directly opposite the transmitting antenna such that the material sample holder is located in between both antennas, the receiving antenna configured to receive the microwave signal transmitted through the sample holder.2. The meter assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mode of polarization of the microwave signal is circular.3. The meter assembly of claim 1 , ...

PERFORMING MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS ON SAMPLES UNDER CONFINING PRESSURE USING COAXIAL RESONATORS

A pressure cell system includes a pressure cell configured to house a sample within inner walls of the pressure cell. An injectable medium is injected by an injection system of the pressure cell system into the pressure cell in a gap between the sample and the inner walls. The injectable medium in the pressure cell is heated by a heating element of the pressure cell system. A pressure inside the pressure cell is measured by a pressure gauge of the pressure cell system. A temperature in the pressure cell is measured by a temperature gauge of the pressure cell system. Microwave permittivity measurements of the sample are captured by a coaxial resonator system of the pressure cell system. The microwave permittivity measurements of the sample are captured at different combinations of temperatures and pressures. The microwave permittivity measurements include measurements of permittivity of gas under pressure at plural frequencies. 1. A pressure cell system , comprising:a pressure cell configured to house a sample within inner walls of the pressure cell;a high-pressure viewing window of the pressure cell converted into at least one fixed open coaxial probe embedded in the inner walls of the pressure cell;an injection system configured to inject an injectable medium into the pressure cell in a gap between the sample and the inner walls;a top configured to provide a pressure resistant lid on the pressure cell; anda coaxial resonator system integrated with the at least one fixed open coaxial probe configured to capture microwave measurements of the sample at different combinations of temperatures and pressures, wherein the coaxial resonator system captures the microwave measurements after the sample is placed inside of the pressure cell, a top of the pressure cell is closed, and wherein the microwave measurements include the complex permittivity of gas under pressure at plural frequencies.2. The pressure cell system of claim 1 , wherein the coaxial resonator system further ...

FLUID SENSOR COMPRISING A COMPOSITE CAVITY MEMBER

A fluid sensor () comprises a core () defining a fluid flow path () and a cavity member () located externally of the core. The cavity member () comprises an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix. The cavity member () is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core () is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field may be a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field. The fluid sensor () may be used in the measurement of the composition and/or flow characteristics of fluid in the fluid flow path (). 1. A fluid sensor comprising:a core defining a fluid flow path; anda cavity member located externally of the core and comprising an electrically-conductive composite material including a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix,wherein the cavity member is configured so as to provide confinement for an electromagnetic field and the core is configured so as to permit transmission therethrough of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of the electromagnetic field.2. A fluid sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic field comprises a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field.3. A fluid sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix is electrically insulating and the one or more reinforcing elements are electrically conducting.4. A fluid sensor according to claim 3 , wherein the one or more electrically-conductive reinforcing elements are oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the cavity member.5. A fluid sensor according to claim 3 , wherein the one or more electrically-conductive reinforcing elements are oriented helically at an angle of between 80 and 90 degrees claim 3 , at an angle of between 85 and 90 degrees claim 3 , at an angle of between 87 and 90 degrees ...

Radio Frequency System and Method for Monitoring Engine-Out Exhaust Constituents

A radio frequency system and method for monitoring an engine-out exhaust emission constituent. The system comprises a housing containing the emission constituent, one or more radio frequency sensors extending into the housing and transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals, and a control unit for controlling the radio frequency signals and monitoring changes in the emission constituent based on changes in one or more parameters of the radio frequency signals. In one embodiment, the control unit measures a rate of change in one or more of the parameters of the radio frequency signals for monitoring a rate of change of the emission constituent including for example the emission rate, accumulation rate, and/or depletion rate of the emission constituent. 1. A radio frequency system for monitoring an engine-out exhaust emission constituent comprising:a housing containing the emission constituent;one or more radio frequency sensors extending into the housing and transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals; anda control unit for controlling the radio frequency signals and monitoring changes in the emission constituent based on a measurement of a shift in at least the phase of the radio frequency signals.2. The radio frequency system of claim 1 , wherein the radio frequency signals span a radio frequency signal range and the control unit measures the shift in the phase of the radio frequency signals in predefined regions of the radio frequency signal range.3. The radio frequency system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit measures the shift in the phase of the radio frequency signals in one or more predefined radio frequency signal ranges corresponding to one or more predefined spatial regions in the housing.4. The radio frequency system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit also measures changes in the magnitude or amplitude of the radio frequency signal.5. The radio frequency system of claim 4 , wherein one or more emission constituents are monitored by ...

ANALYSIS OF POROUS MATERIAL USING LABORATORY CALIBRATED TEST APPARATUS AND SAMPLE DATA

A method for determining the density and moisture content of porous construction material that is used in the civil construction industry such as aggregate, soil aggregate, type I or II base, or native soil materials that are suitable for shallow foundations. In a first part of the method, porous construction material undergoes physical and electrical testing in the geotechnical laboratory to empirically derive correlations between the electrical and physical properties. In a second part compacted construction material is tested in-situ by deploying field testing apparatus and methods to measure the electrical properties of the porous construction material. The field equipment utilizes the established relationship of the electrical and physical characteristics to calculate the porous construction material density and moisture content. Also disclosed are tools for performing soil tests in trenches, e.g. for pipelines, where the moisture and density of the compacted bedding and backfill materials needs to be tested. 1. A method for testing a porous material-under-test at a field site , comprising of:(A) deploying a test apparatus on the porous material under test, the test apparatus comprising one or more electrodes;(B) providing a plurality of input electrical signals to the one or more electrodes, the plurality of input electrical signals comprising multiple continuous radio frequency signals between 10 kHz and 40 MHz;(C) receiving one or more response signals from one or more electrodes;(D) comparing one or more response signals to one or more empirically derived correlations for the type of the porous material under test;(E) determining from the comparison, one or more parameters of the porous material under test.2. The method of comprising determining the empirical correlation for the type of porous material under test.3. The method of wherein determining the empirical correlation comprises conducting a laboratory-controlled test using multiple frequencies ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING WATER ACTIVITY IN FOOD PRODUCTS

Apparatus and methods are disclosed using electromagnetic (EM) spectroscopy to obtain non-destructively measurements to determine the water activity (A) of meat using reflected and/or transmitted signals. 1. An apparatus for determining water activity of a food product , the apparatus comprising:a signal generation and acquisition module configured to generate microwave signals; anda sensor configured to radiate the microwave signals at the food product and detect reflection and/or transmission signals from the food product;wherein the signal generation and acquisition module is further configured to measure the detected reflection and/or transmission signals; andwherein a power of 1 Watt or less is generated by the signal generation and acquisition module.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a power in the range of 1 micro Watt to 1 Watt is generated by the signal generation and acquisition module.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a data processing module for determining water activity in the food product based on the measured reflection and/or transmission signals.4. (canceled)5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor resonates at a frequency greater than 100 MHZ.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor resonates at a frequency in the range of 300 MHz-300 GHz.710-. (canceled)11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a non-contact sensor.12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a non-destructive sensor.13. (canceled)14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the microwave signals radiate from 0 to 100 mm from the surface of the sensor.15. (canceled)16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises:a radiating element;a substrate, the radiating element being provided on the substrate; anda feed for coupling the sensor to the signal generation and acquisition module.17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the sensor further comprises:a ground plane provided in contact with the radiating element.18. The ...

Systems and methods for asphalt density and soil moisture measurements using ground penetrating radar

Systems and methods for ground penetrating radar for determining thickness, density and moisture are therefore provided. According to an embodiment, a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system comprises a system controller configured to produce an electromagnetic signal for signal penetration of a pavement material. Further, the GPR system comprises a frequency modulated continuous wave controller. Further, the GPR system comprises an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna coupled to the system controller, wherein the UWB antenna is configured to transmit the produced electromagnetic signal to the pavement material and receive the electromagnetic signal as a reflection from the pavement material. Further, the system controller is further configured to receive the electromagnetic signal from the UWB antenna.

Methods for monitoring moisture content in a gasket material for use in a high-pressure cubic press and related nondestructive testing systems

In various embodiments, a method for performing quality control on a gasket material for use in a cell assembly in a high-pressure cubic press is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes determining at least one physical characteristic of the gasket material using a nondestructive testing technique, and predicting a moisture content for the tested gasket material at least partially based on the at least one physical characteristic. In an embodiment, the method includes determining a dissipation factor for the gasket material using an electromagnetic energy frequency testing technique, and predicting a moisture content for the tested gasket material at least partially based on the dissipation factor and a dissipation factor-moisture content calibration curve for the gasket material.

Sensor System For Detection Of Material Properties

A materials characteristic sensor system (), comprising a sensor comprising a waveguide, and a transceiver () for transmitting a continuous wave signal () to be incident on a material () to be characterised, wherein the sensor is operable to receive a reflected continuous wave signal () reflected from the material, and wherein a characteristic of the material is determined using at least one of a resonance frequency difference, a magnitude difference, or a Q factor difference due to the material interacting with the transmitted continuous wave signal. 1. A materials characteristic sensor system , comprising:a sensor comprising a waveguide: and 'wherein the sensor is operable to receive a reflected continuous wave signal reflected from the material, and wherein a characteristic of the material is determined using at least one of a resonance frequency difference, a magnitude difference, or a Q factor difference due to the material interacting with the transmitted continuous wave signal.', 'a transceiver for transmitting a continuous wave signal to be incident on a material to be characterised,'}2. A materials characteristic sensor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transceiver is arranged to:combine the continuous wave signal and the reflected continuous wave signal; andanalyse the resulting beat frequency signal (or IF signal) to determine the characteristic of the material.3. A materials characteristic sensor system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the transceiver is arranged to:sample the beat frequency signal (or IF signal) by digitising an analogue measurement curve based on the reflected continuous wave signal; andusing at least one characteristic of the sampled beat frequency signal (or IF signal) to determine the characteristic of the material.4. A materials characteristic sensor system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the transceiver comprises a mixer and the transceiver is arranged to obtain the beat frequency or the sampled IF signal after the mixer ...

MEASURING A WATER CUT OF HYDROCARBON FLUID IN A PRODUCTION PIPE

The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for measuring a water cut for hydrocarbon fluid in a production pipe. One method includes transmitting a microwave through a first waveguide attached to a production pipe, wherein the microwave is directed to the hydrocarbon fluid in the production pipe; and obtaining, measurement results based on reflection or propagation of the microwave, wherein the measurement results are used to determine a water cut of the hydrocarbon fluid. 1. A method for measuring water cut in hydrocarbon fluid , comprising:transmitting a microwave through a first waveguide attached to a production pipe, wherein the microwave is directed to the hydrocarbon fluid in the production pipe; andobtaining measurement results based on reflection or propagation of the microwave, wherein the measurement results are used to determine a water cut of the hydrocarbon fluid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first waveguide uses a first filling material further comprising:determining that the water cut is within a particular water cut range;in response to determining that the water cut is within a particular water cut range, replacing the first waveguide with a second waveguide, wherein the second waveguide uses a second filling material that is different than the first filling material;transmitting a second microwave through the second waveguide, wherein the second microwave is directed to the hydrocarbon fluid in the production pipe; andobtaining second measurement results based on the second microwave.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first filling material comprises quartz.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second filling material comprises sapphire.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first waveguide has a size that is substantially similar to a size of the production pipe.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurement results comprise ...

RADIOMETRIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING ICE ACCUMULATION INSIDE AN OPERATING JET ENGINE

The present invention provides a system and method of detecting the presence of a foreign substance, such as ice, in an air-flow path within an operating jet engine by providing one or more electromagnetic sensors that are tuned to receive electromagnetic waves at one or more frequencies generated by the operating jet engine that change upon the presence of the foreign substance. In at least one embodiment, the waves can be transmitted to the electromagnetic sensor through an electromagnetically transparent window in a wall of the jet engine. In at least another embodiment, the electromagnetic sensor can be coupled with a connector that penetrates an operating chamber in the jet engine to measure the electromagnetic parameters of one or more components from within the chamber of the jet engine. In some embodiments, the amount of ice or other foreign substances can be measured or estimated. 1. A system for electromagnetically detecting the presence of a foreign substance in an operating jet engine comprising , comprising:an electromagnetic path configured to provide variable electromagnetic energy from one or more components from within the operating jet engine;a radiometer sensor configured to receive the electromagnetic energy from within the operating jet engine; andan analyzer communicatively coupled with the radiometer sensor.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic path comprises an opening forming in a component of the operating jet engine.3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising filling the opening with an electromagnetic transparent material.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the electromagnetic transparent material comprises a dielectric material.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic path comprises an antenna coupled inside the operating jet engine.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the antenna is in communication with a fluid stream through the jet engine.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a reference source ...

DETECTING SATURATION LEVELS OF A SAMPLE CORE USING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

An example system includes resonators configured for spatial distribution across a dimension of a target, with the resonators each being configured to transmit signals into the target and to receive signals through the target; and a data processing system to generate, based on the signals transmitted and received, a saturation profile of the target. 1. A system comprising:resonators configured for spatial distribution across a dimension of a target, the resonators each being configured to transmit signals into the target and to receive signals through the target; anda data processing system to generate, based on the signals transmitted and received, a saturation profile of the target.2. The system of claim 1 , where the data processing system is configured to perform an analysis of the signals transmitted and received from each of the resonators and claim 1 , based on the analysis claim 1 , to determine a resonance frequency of each of the resonators.3. The system of claim 2 , where the data processing system is configured to identify a resonance frequency of each of the resonators based on destructive interference resulting from transmitted and reflected signals.4. The system of claim 1 , where the data processing system is configured to determine attenuation of the signals transmitted into the target claim 1 , the saturation profile being based on the attenuation of the signals in the target.5. The system of claim 1 , where the data processing system is configured to determine claim 1 , as part of the saturation profile claim 1 , relative amounts of hydrocarbon and water in each segment of the target that is proximate to a corresponding resonator.6. The system of claim 1 , where the saturation profile identifies relative amounts of hydrocarbon and water in segments that are spatially distributed across a dimension of the target.7. The system of claim 1 , where the saturation profile comprises a temporal component and a spatial component claim 1 , the temporal ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL FEATURES OF MATERIALS IN THE FORM OF SHEETS, FILMS, FABRICS, LAYERS DEPOSITED ON A SUPPORT OR THE LIKE

The present invention relates to a device for the detection and measurement of the physical-chemical features of materials in the form of sheets comprising a microwave sensor coupled to a passive reflector on the other side of the material to be measured. The invention further comprises calculation methods and algorithms for processing output data, adapted to make the measurement immune from the typical environmental factors of industrial environments. 1. A device for the detection and measurement of the physical-chemical properties of materials in the form of sheets , films , fabrics , layers deposited on a support or the like , comprising: transmit an orthogonally polarized radio frequency electromagnetic field across said material to be measured along the trajectory from said sensor to said reflector,', {'b': '11', 'receive the radio frequency electromagnetic field reflected by said reflector across said material to be measured () along the trajectory from said reflector to said sensor,'}, 'measure said reflected radio frequency electromagnetic field so as to evaluate the attenuations and/or phase shifts thereof, with respect to said transmitted radio frequency electromagnetic field, incurred during said crossings of said material to be measured,', 'calculate at least one parameter related to the properties of said material to be measured thus associating the value thereof with said attenuations and/or phase shifts,, 'a sensor block comprising, in turn, a broadband transmitter, a broadband receiver adapted to output a signal proportional to the radio frequency power received at a given frequency, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna in orthogonal polarization with respect to said transmitting antenna, a controller associated with said transmitter and with said receiver and adapted to drive said transmitter and said receiver, said sensor block being adapted to be arranged in the vicinity of the material to be measured, on one side of said material, and a ...

Method and Device for Measuring Property of Moving Fiber Web

A traversable measuring device (15) for determining a cross direction profile of a property of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web (2). The measuring device has a property measuring sensor (23) for determining a measurement result representing the property of the web at multiple cross directional measurement positions (P1, P2, P3, P4), a position measuring sensor (24) for determining the cross directional measurement position of the property measuring sensor associating to the respective measurement result, and an analysis device (25) for receiving the measurement results and the respective cross directional measurement positions (P1, P2, P3, P4) and for allocating the measurement results with the respective cross directional measurement positions for forming the cross direction profile of the web property (2). The measuring device has a mounting bracket (16) that is detachably fixable with quick clamping for fastening the measuring device at a measurement site in a fiber web machine (1).

FLOW SENSOR BASED ON ELECTRICAL CAPACITY

An electric measurement method and apparatus for detecting a mass by an electric capacity (permittivity) or a material's dielectric constant, or alternatively, electric inductance (permeability). The mass may be any phase or combination of phases. The mass may be stationary or flowing. It may comprise discrete particles such as grain, or manufactured products such as ball bearings or threaded fasteners, etc. The mass may be a flow element in a rotameter or similar flow measurement device. The sensor comprises a volume which may be completely full or only partially full of the material. The material may be discrete components or a continuum. Sensor signals may be received by existing planter monitoring systems. In some embodiments the flow sensors are positioned external to the application port. In some embodiments sensors may be utilized which are responsive to the refractive index variation of specific chemicals. 1. A method of sensing a presence of a material , the method comprising:(a) disposing two electrically conductive plates a predetermined distance apart;(b) incorporating a signal conditioning circuit, having an input and an output, with the two electrically conductive plates;(c) allowing matter to be present between said two electrically conductive plates;(d) measuring a time-delay with the matter from the input to the output of the signal conditioning circuit;(e) correlating the measured circuit time-delay to an electrical capacity between the two electrically conductive plates; and(f) correlating a measured electrical capacity to the presence and amount of the matter between said spaced-apart plates,wherein said matter is directed to be present between said two electrically conductive plates by an application port, said two electrically conductive plates positioned external to said application port.2. The method of wherein measuring the electrical capacity comprises sensing a change in the electrical capacity.3. The method of wherein measuring the ...

METHOS, SYSTEM AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR GENERATING A TWO DIMENSIONAL FOG MAP FROM CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORK INFORMATION

A computerized method for generating a two-dimensional fog map of a region from a near-ground sensors network of commercial microwave links (CMLs), the region is virtually segmented to a grid of multiple pixels, the method comprises: collecting received signals levels from the CMLs, deriving the links' attenuation that are spread within multiple pixels of the region; calculating the fog induced attenuation attribute for each pixel out of a plurality of pixels of the region based on the microwave attenuation information and deciding if exists; wherein the plurality of pixels belong to the multiple pixels; and generating the two-dimensional fog map of the region based, at least in part, on the plurality of microwave attenuation attributes and the topography of the region; improving the 2-D fog map using information from other types of sensors, if exist. 1. A computerized method for generating a two-dimensional fog map of a region , the method comprises:collecting measurements of received signals levels from commercial microwave links; wherein the measuring is executed by a near-ground sensors network of the commercial microwave links, wherein the commercial microwave links are spread within multiple pixels of the region;deriving commercial microwave links attenuations from the received signals levels;deciding on an existence of fog within each pixel in which measurements exist based on (a) the commercial microwave links attenuations, and (b) a mapping between the commercial microwave links and the multiple pixels; andgenerating the two-dimensional fog map of the region based on the existence of fog within at least one pixel of the multiple pixels.2. The computerized method according to wherein the generating of the two-dimensional fog map of the region comprises interpolating information about the at least one pixel.3. The computerized method according to wherein the generating of the two-dimensional fog map of the region is further responsive to information obtained ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO DETECT GROUND MOISTURE

A system for measuring moisture in soil below the ground surface comprises at least one passive microwave sensor device configured to measure natural thermal emissions from the soil and output a data signal and a processing circuit operably coupled to the at least one passive microwave sensor wherein the processing circuit is configured to receive the data signal and compile a soil moisture profile. The system further comprises a wide-band antenna wherein the at least one passive microwave sensor is located therein and an elongate horizonal mounting frame extending between first and second ends wherein the first end is securable to a mobile agricultural device and wherein the wide-band antenna is secured to the second end so as to position the wide-band antenna at a distance above the ground surface.

Method and apparatus for measuring the moisture content of pulp material on a wire

A method and apparatus for measuring the moisture content of pulp material on a wire in an installation for producing paper. The apparatus includes a measuring device for measuring the moisture content of the pulp material. The apparatus has a moisture sensor, a control and data processing unit assigned to the measuring device, and a transmitting and receiving device and/or a connection for a data line for transmitting the measured data to the control and data processing unit. The measuring device for measuring the moisture content of the pulp material includes a pressure measurement device for determining and displaying a pressure range with which it is being pressed against the wire. The contact pressure is controlled and taken into account during the measurement of the moisture content.

Microwave measurement of water fraction

Apparatus and methods are provided for finding indications of at least one of a water fraction, a hydrocarbon fraction, water conductivity, and water salinity of a fluid. The fluid is within a flow line that extends through a resonator. The flow line is subjected to microwaves at multiple microwave frequencies injected into the resonator, with electric field lines parallel to the fluid flow line. A power detector is used at an output of the resonator, and a peak power and associated resonance frequency are used to find the indication(s) which may be plotted and displayed. In one embodiment, the resonator is a dual loop-gap resonator, and the microwave frequencies are generated by a microwave sweeper source at approximately 1 GHz.

DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DETECTING CORROSION UNDER AN OUTER PROTECTIVE LAYER

Wide-angled incoherent millimetre or sub-millimetre electromagnetic waves from an extended active source are used to probe substrates and their protective coatings or outer layers, such as paint or thermal insulation. The incoherent waves provide dispersion and angular variation with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity, emissivity and/or transmissivity from the substrate or protective coating various according to its homogeneousness. A detector/camera is arranged to identify and resolve differences in detected power within an observed frequency range of the area under test, with this contrast in power being relative to either adjacent areas or anticipated reference levels. The power differences therefore signify the presence or lack of corrosion or, indeed, the presence of anomalies within or on the substrate or in or under the protective coating or layer applied to the substrate. 1. A method of detecting the presence of anomalies in or on a substrate covered by a protective coating or layer or detecting the presence of anomalies in or on the protective coating or layer applied to the substrate , the substrate in an in-situ environment , the method comprising:observing, in an observed frequency range, at least one of reflectivity, transmissivity and/or emissivity from an area of interest under investigation on or in the substrate or on or in the protective coating or layer, said reflectivity, transmissivity and emissivity being in a frequency range corresponding to incident electromagnetic waves having millimetre or sub-millimetre wavelengths, said reflectivity, transmissivity and emissivity arising from incident electromagnetic waves falling incident on the area of interest and wherein the incident electromagnetic waves are produced from an extended source that is wider in dimensions than a dimension of a width of the area of ...

Retrieval of p-band soil reflectivity from signals of opportunity

A system and method for determining moisture content of soil, comprising providing bistatic radar configuration to measure soil reflectivity in UHF and S-band, cross-correlating between Sky-viewed and Earth-viewed signals and reflected signals in order to isolate the reflected signals, and correlating the isolated reflectesd signal to moisture content of the soil.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF A MATERIAL

The technical solution relates to measurement technology and is intended for measuring the dielectric permittivity and moisture of highly conductive loose, paste-like and fluid materials such as saline slurry, anthracite, ore, crude oil and oil sludge. The present method is based on using a sensor configured as a segment of a long transmission line, and involves feeding a high-frequency probing signal from a generator that is swept through a range of frequencies to an input of the sensor, and measuring harmonic frequencies at which a length of a signal conductor of the sensor is equal to or a multiple of a half-wavelength of the probing signal in the material filling the sensor. The harmonic frequencies are determined based on a voltage minimum at an output of a detector configured as a phase discriminator, the output voltage of which attains a minimum when input signals of the detector are either in-phase or antiphase. Inputs of the detector are coupled to an input and output of the sensor via segments of a coaxial cable which have the same electrical length, said segments being matched at the outputs. Designs for a moisture meter for carrying out the above method are proposed. For the purpose of carrying out measurements in pipelines, the sensor is configured as a conduit having the signal conductor arranged therein. For loose materials in hoppers and on conveyor belts, the sensor is configured as a shield which a U-shaped rod is secured to. The technical result is an increase of measurement accuracy. 1. A method for measuring the physical parameters of a controlled material by using:(a) a sensor configured as a segment of a long transmission line having a signal conductor and one or more shielding conductors,(b) a generator,(c) a detector,(d) a first additional segment of the transmission line,wherein the method comprises:(1) filling the sensor with the controlled material,(2) generating, by the generator, a harmonic high-frequency probing signal,(3) feeding the ...

Microwave Horn Antennas-Based Transducer System for CUI Inspection Without Removing the Insulation

The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for inspecting insulated equipment for any corrosion under insulation (CUI). The system includes a device comprising transmitter and receiver horn antennas, a vector network analyzer operatively connected to the antennas, and an infrared detector. In the method, a location for inspection of the equipment is identified. A metal jacket surrounding the location is removed without stripping the insulation. Microwaves are transmitted by the transmitted horn antenna at the location, and provide heating at the location. The microwaves are received by the receiver horn antenna after reflection off the equipment. The vector network analyzer analyzes the microwaves. The infrared detector detects infrared waves emitted from the location and develops an infrared image of the inner surface of the equipment. Based on the analysis of the microwaves and the developed image, a programmed processor determines whether CUI exists at the location.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS THROUGH REACTIVE REFLECTORS

A system and method for monitoring environmental state that includes a structure element with a base substrate and at least one reflector element integrated to the base substrate, wherein the reflector element is physically configured with at least one response signature that is discretely expressed based on an substance induced environmental condition of the reflector element; and a remote monitor device comprising a transmitter and receiver unit and a controller, wherein the monitor device is configured to interrogate the structure element; detect a response signature corresponding to at least the one reflector element; and map the response signature to a corresponding substance induced environmental condition. 1 a base substrate, and', 'at least one reflector element integrated with the base substrate, wherein the reflector element is physically configured to have at least one response signature that is expressed based on a substance induced environmental condition; and, 'a structure element comprisinga monitor device that is configured to: wirelessly interrogate the structure element, detect a response signature corresponding to at least the one reflector element, and determine the substance induced environmental condition from the detected response signature.. A system comprising: This Application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/213,000, filed on Jul. 18, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/194,152, filed on Jul. 17, 2015 and of U.S. Provisional Application No., 62/305,416, filed on Mar. 8, 2016, both of which are incorporated in their entireties by this reference.This invention relates generally to the field of remote environmental sensing, and more specifically to a new and useful system and method for monitoring environmental status through reactive reflectors.There are numerous products that address fluid absorption issues in the personal health and medical space. Feminine hygiene ...

System and method for monitoring environmental status through reactive reflectors

A system and method for monitoring environmental state that includes a structure element with a base substrate and at least one reflector element integrated to the base substrate, wherein the reflector element is physically configured with at least one response signature that is discretely expressed based on an substance induced environmental condition of the reflector element; and a remote monitor device comprising a transmitter and receiver unit and a controller, wherein the monitor device is configured to interrogate the structure element; detect a response signature corresponding to at least the one reflector element; and map the response signature to a corresponding substance induced environmental condition.

Detection system and detection method for water content and conductivity

A detection system and a detection method for water content and conductivity are provided. The detection system includes a double-sided microstrip circuit and a detection circuit; the double-sided microstrip circuit includes a shielding ground layer; a measurement side circuit and a reference side circuit are respectively arranged at two sides of the shielding ground layer and both include an insulating layer and a wire; the detection circuit includes a signal generator connected to a microprocessor and a power divider; two output ends and a ground end of the power divider are respectively electrically connected to first ends of a reference wire, a measurement wire, and the shielding ground layer; a second end of the reference wire is connected to an amplitude and phase discriminator through a phase shifter; second ends of the measurement wire and the shielding ground layer are directly connected to the amplitude and phase discriminator. 1. A detection system for water content and conductivity , comprising a double-sided microstrip circuit and a detection circuit , wherein: the double-sided microstrip circuit comprises a shielding ground layer; a measurement side circuit is arranged at one side of the shielding ground layer , and a reference side circuit is arranged at the other side of the shielding ground layer; both of the measurement side circuit and the reference side circuit comprise an insulating layer and a wire; lengths and materials of a measurement wire of the measurement side circuit and a reference wire of the reference side circuit are uniform; the detection circuit comprises a signal generator connected to a microprocessor; the signal generator is connected to an input end of a power divider; two output ends and a ground end of the power divider are respectively electrically connected to a first end of the reference wire , a first end of the measurement wire , and a first end of the shielding ground layer; a second end of the reference wire is ...

Cigarette machine comprising a suction belt conveyor

A cigarette machine comprises a suction belt conveyor including a rod guide channel, wherein the rod guide channel is delimited on one side by a material-conveying suction belt. Two channel cheeks are positioned opposite one another and configured to adjoin the rod guide channel An electromagnetic measuring apparatus comprises a resonator. The resonator comprises a first resonator half positioned on the side of the rod guide channel with the conveying suction belt, and a second resonator half of which is provided on the side which is situated opposite the first resonator half. The first resonator half is connected to the suction belt conveyor.

一种基于微波原理的集料含水率的探测方法

本发明公开了一种基于微波原理的集料含水率的探测方法，基于可编程放大器单元、射频微波高速A/D转换单元、高速微波频谱分析单元、高性能MCU处理单元、数字微波频谱功率调节控制单元、射频微波信号源、开口谐振器封装单元的新型微波反射快速探测含水率的方法，在交变的磁场环境，集料中的水分子在该环境下储能及发生弛豫效应而消耗电磁场能量，采用开口的谐振器使微波电磁信号充满且不穿透集料，根据微波信号发生的变化，通过射频微波高速A/D转换器转化为数字信号，将数字信号与确定含水率和检测谐振频率、信号电压幅值和集料温度的数学模型相对应映射出该集料的含水率信息，具有快速检测、标定简易、检测精度高的优点。