OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURE, OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE TYPE OPTICAL MODULE, AND OPTICAL FIBER ARRAY

Multiple-core optical fiber with coupling between the cores

An optical fiber includes a cladding, a first core, and a second core. At least one of the first core and the second core is hollow and is substantially surrounded by the cladding. At least a portion of the first core is generally parallel to and spaced from at least a portion of the second core. The optical fiber includes a defect substantially surrounded by the cladding, the defect increasing a coupling coefficient between the first core and the second core.

Light-coupling optical systems and methods employing light-diffusing optical fibert

Light-coupling systems and methods that employ light-diffusing optical fiber are disclosed. The systems include a light source and a light-diffusing optical fiber optically coupled thereto. The light-diffusing optical fiber has a core, a cladding and a length. At least a portion of the core comprises randomly arranged voids configured to provide substantially spatially continuous light emission from the core and out of the cladding along at least a portion of the length. A portion of the light-diffusing optical is embedded in an index-matching layer disposed adjacent a lower surface of a transparent sheet. Light emitted by the light-diffusing optical fiber is trapped within the transparent sheet and index-matching layer by total internal reflection and is scattered out of the upper surface of the transparent sheet by at least one scattering feature thereon.

Light source apparatus and processing method

The present invention relates to a light source apparatus. The light source apparatus has an MOPA configuration and comprises a seed light source, a pulse generator, an intermediate optical amplifier, a final stage optical amplifier, a delivery optical fiber, and a light output terminal. The delivery optical fiber is a PBG fiber having a photonic bandgap (PBG) structure in a core-surrounding portion located around the core. Light with a wavelength in a high loss band of the PBG fiber is inputted into the PBG fiber.

Low bend loss optical fiber

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r 2 >8 microns and refractive index Δ 2 and a second outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region having refractive index Δ 4 , wherein Δ 1 >Δ 4 >Δ 2 . The difference between Δ 4 and Δ 2 is greater than 0.002 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r 1 /r 2 is greater or equal to 0.25.

Substrate-Integrated Hollow Waveguide Sensors

Methods and apparatuses are provided that greatly expand the utility of conventional hollow waveguide-based sensors via either straight, substrate-integrated channels or via meandering (e.g., circuitous, curved or folded optical paths) waveguide sensor designs. Full- or hybrid-integration of the meandering hollow waveguide with light source, detector, and light-guiding optics facilitates compact yet high-performance gas/vapor and/or liquid sensors of the substrate-integrated hollow waveguide sensor. 1. A substrate integrated hollow waveguide , comprising:at least one substrate layer; anda open portion formed in one or more layers of said at least one substrate layer, wherein a surface of said open portion is reflective to one or more predetermined wavelengths of light.2. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said open portion comprises a light input port and a light output port.3. The waveguide of claim 2 , wherein the centroid of said open portion from said light input port to said light output port is selected from the group consisting of straight claim 2 , folded and curved.4. The waveguide of claim 3 , wherein said light output port is at the same location as said light input port.5. The waveguide of claim 3 , further comprising a light source configured to provide said one or more predetermined wavelengths of light.6. The waveguide of claim 5 , further comprising means for directing said predetermined wavelengths of light into said light input port and further comprising means for directing said predetermined wavelengths out of said light output part and to said optical analyzer.7. The waveguide of claim 6 , further comprising an optical analyzer configured to analyze light that exits said light output port.8. The waveguide of claim 5 , further comprising means for scanning the wavelength of light from said light source.9. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said at least one substrate layer is rigid.10. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said at least one ...

Large core holey fibers

Holey fibers provide optical propagation. In various embodiments, a large core holey fiber comprises a cladding region formed by large holes arranged in few layers. The number of layers or rows of holes about the large core can be used to coarse tune the leakage losses of the fundamental and higher modes of a signal, thereby allowing the non-fundamental modes to be substantially eliminated by leakage over a given length of fiber. Fine tuning of leakage losses can be performed by adjusting the hole dimension and/or spacing to yield a desired operation with a desired leakage loss of the fundamental mode. Resulting holey fibers have a large hole dimension and spacing, and thus a large core, when compared to traditional fibers and conventional fibers that propagate a single mode. Other loss mechanisms, such as bend loss and modal spacing can be utilized for selected modes of operation of holey fibers.

WIDE BANDWIDTH, LOW LOSS PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS

Various embodiments include photonic bandgap fibers (PBGF). Some PBGF embodiments have a hollow core (HC) and may have a square lattice (SQL). In various embodiments, SQL PBGF can have a cladding region including 2-10 layers of air-holes. In various embodiments, an HC SQL PBGF can be configured to provide a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc larger than about 0.35 and a minimum transmission loss in a range from about 70 dB/km to about 0.1 dB/km. In some embodiments, the HC SQL PBGF can be a polarization maintaining fiber. Methods of fabricating PBGF are also disclosed along with some examples of fabricated fibers. Various applications of PBGF are also described. 1. (canceled)2. A hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HC PBGF) for propagating light having a wavelength , λ , said fiber comprising:a hollow core; anda cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a plurality of regions, at least one region having a dimension, Λ, and configured such that the cladding at least partially surrounds a hole having a hole dimension, D,wherein said plurality of regions are arranged as a rectangular lattice, andwherein D/Λ is in a range from about 0.9 to about 0.995 and said HC PBGF is configured such that a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc is larger than about 0.35.3. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber of claim 2 , wherein said rectangular lattice comprises a square lattice.4. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber of claim 2 , wherein a dimension of said hollow core is in a range from about 10 μm to about 100 μm.5. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber according to claim 2 , wherein Δλ/λc is in the range from about 0.35 to about 0.85.6. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber of claim 2 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'said cladding comprises webs and nodes of said rectangular lattice such that at least a portion of said webs have a dimension, d, and are configured as higher aspect ratio cladding material portions, and'}{'sub': '1', 'a portion of ...

PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS AND MEDICAL SYSTEMS INCLUDING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS

In general, in one aspect, the disclosure features a system that includes a flexible waveguide having a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis and a region surrounding the core, the region being configured to guide radiation from the COlaser along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide. The system also includes a handpiece attached to the waveguide, wherein the handpiece allows an operator to control the orientation of the output end to direct the radiation to a target location of a patient and the handpiece includes a tip extending past the output end that provides a minimum standoff distance between the output end and the target location. 125-. (canceled)26. A system , comprising:a waveguide including a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis, the waveguide being configured so that during operation the waveguide guides radiation along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide and delivers the radiation to a target location;a fluid source configured so that during operation of the system the fluid source delivers fluid to the hollow core of the waveguide via the input end of the waveguide;a cap positioned at the end of the waveguide and configured to block fluid exiting the output end of the waveguide from the target location; anda tube extending along the waveguide axis, the tube being configured so that during operation of the system the tube channels fluid exiting the output end of the waveguide away from the output end and away from the target location,wherein the cap comprises an exhaust port that during operation of the system provides a pathway for the fluid exiting the core to flow into the tube.27. The system of claim 26 , wherein the waveguide is a photonic crystal fiber.28. (canceled)29. The system of claim 26 , further comprising a jacket surrounding a portion of waveguide and a portion of tube.30. (canceled)31. The system of claim 26 , wherein the cap comprises a window positioned ...

HOLE-ASSISTED OPTICAL FIBER

A hole-assisted optical fiber includes a core portion and a cladding portion that includes an inner cladding layer, an outer cladding layer, and holes formed around the core portion. A diameter of the core portion is 3 μm to 9.8 μm, a relative refractive index difference of the core portion relative to the outer cladding layer is 0.11% to 0.45%, an outside diameter of the inner cladding layer is 53 μm or less, a relative refractive index difference of the inner cladding layer relative to the outer cladding layer is a negative value, −0.30% or more, a diameter of each hole is 2.4 μm to 4.0 μm, a hole occupancy rate is 17% to 48%, a bending loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm when bent at a radius of 5 mm is 1 dB/turn or less, and a cut-off wavelength is 1550 nm or less. 1. A hole-assisted optical fiber comprising:a core portion; anda cladding portion that includes an inner cladding layer formed around an outer periphery of the core portion and having a refractive index lower than that of the core portion, an outer cladding layer formed around an outer periphery of the inner cladding layer and having a refractive index higher than that of the inner cladding layer and lower than that of the core portion, and a plurality of holes formed around the core portion, whereina diameter of the core portion is in a range of 3 μm to 9.8 μm, a relative refractive index difference of the core portion relative to the outer cladding layer is in a range of 0.11% to 0.45%, an outside diameter of the inner cladding layer is equal to or less than 53 μm, a relative refractive index difference of the inner cladding layer relative to the outer cladding layer is a negative value equal to or more than −0.30%, a diameter of each of the plurality of holes is in a range of 2.4 μm to 4.0 μm, a hole occupancy rate is in a range of 17% to 48%, a bending loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm when bent at a radius of 5 mm is equal to or less than 1 dB/turn, and a cut-off wavelength is equal to or less than ...

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION BODY, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION MODULE

An optical transmission body includes a substrate having a through hole penetrating therethrough in a thickness direction thereof; a cladding member at least a part of which is positioned to be filled in the through hole, and which has an optical waveguide hole which is positioned inside the through hole and penetrates through the cladding member in a thickness direction thereof and a guide hole portion which is positioned away from the optical waveguide hole and is concave in the thickness direction; and a core member disposed inside the optical waveguide hole. 1. An optical transmission body , comprising:a substrate comprising a through hole penetrating therethrough in a thickness direction thereof;a cladding member at least a part of which is positioned to be filled in the through hole,comprising an optical waveguide hole which is positioned inside the through hole and penetrates through the cladding member in a thickness direction thereofand a guide hole portion which is positioned away from the optical waveguide hole and is concave in the thickness direction; anda core member disposed inside the optical waveguide hole.2. The optical transmission body according to claim 1 ,wherein the cladding member comprises a substrate area which extends across a surface of the substrate from the through hole to overlap the substrate, and the guide hole portion is located in the substrate area.3. The optical transmission body according to claim 2 ,wherein the substrate further comprises a substrate hole portion which is concave in the thickness direction, in a part of the substrate in which the substrate area is located, andwherein a cross section of the guide hole portion is located inside a cross section of the substrate hole portion as seen in a cross-sectional view.4. The optical transmission body according to claim 3 ,wherein the substrate hole portion penetrates through the substrate in the thickness direction.5. The optical transmission body according to claim 1 , ...

Dispersion-Compensating System And Dispersion-Compensating Fiber with Improved Figure of Merit

A dispersion-compensating system and a dispersion-compensating fiber have an improved figure of merit and effective area. The dispersion-compensating system comprises a bulk dispersion-compensating module for providing optical-domain bulk dispersion compensation for an optical signal transmission. Additionally, the system may further comprise residual dispersion compensation, which can be performed in the electrical domain following coherent detection of both amplitude and phase of an optical signal. The dispersion-compensating fiber comprises an up-doped core region; a down-doped trench; an up-doped ring; and an outer cladding, and is configured to have a high figure of merit (FOM).

Medical system including a flexible waveguide mechanically coupled to an actuator

In general, in one aspect, the disclosure features a system that includes a flexible waveguide having a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis and a region surrounding the core, the region being configured to guide radiation from the CO 2 laser along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide. The system also includes a handpiece attached to the waveguide, wherein the handpiece allows an operator to control the orientation of the output end to direct the radiation to a target location of a patient and the handpiece includes a tip extending past the output end that provides a minimum standoff distance between the output end and the target location.

Multi-core optical fiber

The present invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber including a plurality of cores, in each of which an effective area at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a transmission loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a cable cutoff wavelength, and a bending loss in a bending radius of 30 mm at the wavelength of 1625 nm are set so as to increase a transmission capacity in each core in a state in which a difference of the transmission loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm between different cores is controlled to at most 0.02 dB/km or less.

Large Mode Area Optical Fibers With Bend Compensation

A LMA, single-mode optical fiber comprises a core region, an inner cladding region surrounding the core region, and an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region. The inner cladding region is configured to provide bend compensation. In one embodiment the index profile of the inner cladding region is graded with a slope of γn core /R b , where n core is the refractive index of the core region, R b is the bend radius, and γ=0.6-1.2. In addition, the inner cladding is annular and the ratio of its outer radius to its inner radius is greater than 2. In a preferred embodiment this ratio is greater than 3. The overall index profile may be symmetric or asymmetric.

Optical fiber

An optical fiber comprising a first core, a second core, a third core, and a cladding, wherein with a refractive index of the cladding as a reference, Δ1 is a maximum value of a relative refractive index difference of the first core, Δ2 is a maximum value of a relative refractive index difference of the second core, Δ3 is a minimum value of a relative refractive index difference of the third core, “a” is a half-value radial width for the relative refractive index difference (Δ1−Δ2) of the first core, “b” is a radius of a second core/third core boundary, and “c” is a radius of a third core/cladding boundary, the expressions 0.30%≦Δ1≦0.45%, −0.05%≦Δ2≦0.05%, −0.6%≦Δ3≦−0.3%, 2.85≦b/a, 10 μm≦b≦15 μm, and 3 μm≦c−b≦5.5 μm are satisfied, and transmission loss for a wavelength of 1550 nm when the optical fiber is wound around a mandrel with a diameter of 10 mm is no greater than 0.2 dB/turn.

Optical fiber

In order to decrease transmission loss caused by Rayleigh scattering in an optical fiber, without negatively affecting the curvature loss, provided is an optical fiber comprising a core at a center thereof, a low refractive index layer that is adjacent to the core and covers an outer circumference of the core, and a cladding that is adjacent to the low refractive index layer and covers an outer circumference of the low refractive index layer, wherein a refractive index of the core is higher than a refractive index of the cladding, a refractive index of the low refractive index layer is lower than the refractive index of the cladding, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer decreases in a direction from an inner portion of the low refractive index layer to an outer portion of the low refractive index layer.

WIDE BANDWIDTH, LOW LOSS PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS

Various embodiments include photonic bandgap fibers (PBGF). Some PBGF embodiments have a hollow core (HC) and may have a square lattice (SQL). In various embodiments, SQL PBGF can have a cladding region including 2-10 layers of air-holes. In various embodiments, an HC SQL PBGF can be configured to provide a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc larger than about 0.35 and a minimum transmission loss in a range from about 70 dB/km to about 0.1 dB/km. In some embodiments, the HC SQL PBGF can be a polarization maintaining fiber. Methods of fabricating PBGF are also disclosed along with some examples of fabricated fibers. Various applications of PBGF are also described. 1. A photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) for propagating light having a wavelength , λ , said fiber comprising:a core; anda cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a plurality of regions, at least one region having a dimension, Λ, and configured such that the cladding at least partially surrounds a hole having a hole dimension, D,wherein said plurality of regions are arranged as a rectangular lattice, andwherein said PBGF is configured such that a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc is larger than about 0.35.2. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein said rectangular lattice comprises a square lattice.3. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein a dimension of said core is in a range from about 10 μm to about 100 μm.4. The photonic bandgap fiber according to claim 1 , wherein Δλ/λc is in the range from about 0.35 to about 0.85.5. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'said cladding comprises webs and nodes of said rectangular lattice such that at least a portion of said webs have a dimension, d, and are configured as higher aspect ratio cladding material portions, and'}{'sub': '1', 'a portion of the webs are connected to said nodes, at least a portion of said nodes having a dimension, d, and configured as lower aspect ratio cladding ...

WAVEGUIDE ASSISTED SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING

A photovoltaic (PV) system includes a fiber optical waveguide comprising an active core that hosts material configured to absorb and emit light, a cladding layer surrounding the active core, the cladding layer being configured to allow ambient light to pass through the cladding layer, and an exit port located proximate an end of the waveguide. The PV system further comprises one or more solar cells disposed at the exit port of the waveguide. The waveguide is configured to guide light to the one or more solar cells. Another photovoltaic (PV) system includes a waveguide comprising an active cladding layer hosting material configured to absorb and emit light, and a core layer configured to confine light emitted by the active cladding layer. The PV system further includes one or more solar cells disposed proximate the waveguide. The core layer is configured to guide light to the one or more solar cells. 1232-. (canceled)233. A photovoltaic (PV) system comprising: (i) an active core hosting material configured to absorb and emit light,', '(ii) an air cladding layer surrounding the active core, the air cladding layer being configured to allow ambient light to pass through the air cladding layer, and the air cladding layer comprising a plurality of air pockets defined within the optical waveguide such that the air cladding layer comprises mostly air, and', '(iii) an outer cladding layer surrounding the air cladding layer, the outer cladding layer being configured to allow ambient light to pass through the outer cladding layer, and being further configured to serve as a protective layer, and', '(iv) an exit port located proximate an end of the waveguide; and, '(a) an optical waveguide including'}(b) one or more solar cells disposed at the exit port of the waveguide;(c) wherein the waveguide is configured to guide light to the one or more solar cells; and(d) wherein a cross-sectional area of the active core of the optical waveguide represents a majority of a cross-sectional ...

RARE EARTH DOPED AND LARGE EFFECTIVE AREA OPTICAL FIBERS FOR FIBER LASERS AND AMPLIFIERS

Various embodiments described herein include rare earth doped glass compositions that may be used in optical fiber and rods having large core sizes. Such optical fibers and rods may be employed in fiber lasers and amplifiers. The index of refraction of the glass may be substantially uniform and may be close to that of silica in some embodiments. Possible advantages to such features include reduction of formation of additional waveguides within the core, which becomes increasingly a problem with larger core sizes. 1. An optical fiber system for providing optical amplification , said optical fiber system comprising: [{'sub': 'core', 'a core having a core radius ρ and a core index of refraction n, wherein said core comprises a doped region;'}, {'sub': 1', 'c1', 'core', 'c1, 'a first cladding disposed about said core, said first cladding having an outer radius ρand an index of refraction n, said core and said first cladding having a difference in index of refraction Δn=n−n; and'}, {'sub': '1', 'a second cladding disposed about said first cladding, said first cladding and said second cladding having a difference in index of refraction Δn,'}, {'sub': 1', '1, 'wherein the first cladding radius, ρ, is greater than about 1.1ρ and less than about 2ρ, and the refractive index difference between said first cladding and said second cladding, Δn, is greater than about 1.5Δn and less than about 50Δn,'}, 'wherein said large-core optical fiber comprises a combined waveguide formed by said core and said first cladding layer, said combined waveguide configured such that a mode supported in said core has increased gain relative to a mode having substantial power in said first cladding., 'a large-core optical fiber comprising2. The optical fiber system of claim 1 , wherein said second cladding comprises holes that are configured to provide leakage channels such that said large-core optical fiber supports one or a few modes and higher order modes are leaked.3. The optical fiber system of ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

An optical fiber has an incident end on which light is incident, an emitting end from which the light is emitted, and an aperture provided in a core located at or near the emitting end. The aperture is formed by irradiating the core with an ultrashort pulsed laser beam having pulse widths of 10seconds to 10seconds. 1. An optical fiber comprising:an incident end on which light is incident;an emitting end from which the light is emitted; andan aperture provided in a core located at or near the emitting end,{'sup': −15', '−11, 'wherein the aperture is formed by irradiating the core with an ultrashort pulsed laser beam having pulse widths of 10seconds to 10seconds.'}2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture includes a light scattering region, andwherein the light scattering region is formed by inducing a damage change in part of the core through the irradiation of the ultrashort pulsed laser beam.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture includes a light absorption region, andwherein the light absorption region is formed by inducing blackening in part of the core through the irradiation of the ultrashort pulsed laser beam.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture has a disc shape, andwherein the aperture includes an opening in a center thereof so as to surround an axis line of the core.5. The optical fiber according to claim 4 , wherein the plurality of apertures are provided along the axis line of the core while separated from each other.6. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture has a cylindrical shape, andwherein the aperture includes a hollow portion so as to surround the axis line of the core.7. The optical fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the plurality of apertures are provided along a direction orthogonal to the axis line of the core while separated from each other.8. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein an optical element is provided on the emitting end side of ...

Autostereoscopic display illumination apparatuses and autostereoscopic display devices incorporating the same

Embodiments are generally directed to autostereoscopic display device illumination apparatuses having one or more optical fibers (i.e., flexible light diffusing waveguides) as linear emitters for illuminating columns of pixels of a display panel within the autostereoscopic display device. In some embodiments, the linear emitters are defined by a single optical fiber that is arranged on a substrate in a serpentine manner to form an array of linear emitters. In some embodiments, the linear emitters are defined by several optical fibers. Illumination apparatuses of some embodiments may also include a prism device configured to create multiple images of the optical fiber(s).

Method for manufacturing preform for photonic band gap fiber, method for manufacturing photonic band gap fiber, preform for photonic band gap fiber, and photonic band gap fiber

A photonic band gap fiber 1 includes a hollow core region 10 and a band gap region 27 in a honeycomb shape surrounding the core region 10 and having a plurality of holes 21 formed in a glass body 22 . The holes 21 are surrounded by columnar glass bodies 25 disposed on three alternate apexes of a hexagon HEX and plate glass bodies 26 disposed so as to join the columnar glass bodies 25 to the other three apexes of the hexagon HEX. The columnar glass bodies 25 are disposed in a triangular lattice shape.

OPTICAL FIBER WITH LARGE EFFECTIVE AREA AND LOW BENDING LOSS

An optical fiber with large effective area, low bending loss and low attenuation. The optical fiber includes a core, an inner cladding region, and an outer cladding region. The core region includes a spatially uniform updopant to minimize low Rayleigh scattering and a relative refractive index and radius configured to provide large effective area. The inner cladding region features a large trench volume to minimize bending loss. The core may be doped with Cl and the inner cladding region may be doped with F. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', 'l, 'a core region comprising Cl-doped silica glass having a chlorine concentration greater than 1.5 wt %, said core region having an outer radius rin the range from 6.0 microns to 10.0 microns and a relative refractive index A;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'an inner cladding region surrounding said core region, said inner cladding region having an outer radius rin the range from 22 microns to 38 microns and a relative refractive index Δ; and'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, 'an outer cladding region surrounding said inner cladding region, said outer cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ, said relative refractive index Δexceeding said relative refractive index Δby at least 0.06%;'}{'sup': '2', 'wherein said optical fiber has a cable cutoff of less than 1550 nm, an effective area at 1550 nm of at least 100 micron, and a bending loss at 1550 nm, determined from a mandrel wrap test using a mandrel with a diameter of 20 mm, of less than 3.5 dB/turn.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cable cutoff is less than 1500 nm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cable cutoff is less than 1450 nm4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core is free of Ge.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 7.0 μm to 10.0 μm.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said relative refractive index Δis in the range from 0.08% to 0.30%.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said relative ...

COATED LOW LOSS OPTICAL FIBER WITH SMALL DIAMETER

A multi-purpose optical fiber with coating is provided. The optical fiber can function as a transmission fiber or as a coupling fiber for optical data links that features low coupling loss to silicon photonics lasers, VCSELs, single mode transmission fibers, multimode transmission fibers, and high speed receivers. The fiber includes a core, an optional inner cladding region, a depressed index cladding region, an outer cladding region, and a coating. The relative refractive index profile of the coupling fiber includes a small-radius core region with α profile and a depressed index cladding region that facilitates low bending loss and high bandwidth. The coating thickness and overall diameter of the fiber is small. 2. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 13 μm to 17 μm.3. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding includes a depressed index cladding region surrounding said core region and an outer cladding region surrounding said depressed index cladding region claim 1 , said depressed index cladding region having an inner radius in the range from 10 μm to 20 μm claim 1 , an outer radius rin the range from 14 μm to 24 μm claim 1 , and a relative refractive index Δin the range from −0.8% to −0.1%.4. The multimode optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said depressed index cladding region has an inner radius in the range from 13 μm to 18 μm.5. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said effective modal bandwidth at 1310 nm is at least 4 GHz-km.6. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said multimode optical fiber has a mode field diameter for the LP01 mode at 1310 nm between 8.8 μm and 9.6 μm.7. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding has an outer radius rin the range from 35 μm to 45 μm.8. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said coating has an outer radius rless than 90 μm.13. The optical data link of claim 12 , wherein said light source is a ...

RESONANT FIBER OPTIC GYROSCOPE WITH HOLLOW CORE FIBER

A resonant fiber optic gyroscope comprises: a ring resonator including a fiber coil fabricated from a first type of hollow core fiber; a light source to produce at least two light beams, wherein a first light beam is configured to travel in a clockwise direction in the ring resonator and a second light beam is configured to travel in a counterclockwise direction in the ring resonator; a filter resonator assembly coupled between the light source and the ring resonator including: at least two short pieces of optical fiber shorter in length than the fiber coil, the at least two short pieces of optical fiber fabricated from the first type of hollow core fiber; and wherein prior to the beams entering the ring resonator, a plurality of reflective devices are configured to condition the beams such that they excite the fundamental mode of the hollow core fiber within the ring resonator. 1. A resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) comprising:a ring resonator including a fiber coil fabricated from a first type of hollow core fiber;at least one light source to produce at least two light beams, wherein a first light beam of the at least two light beams is configured to travel in a clockwise direction in the ring resonator and a second light beam of the at least two light beams is configured to travel in a counterclockwise direction in the ring resonator; at least two short pieces of optical fiber, wherein the at least two short pieces of optical fiber are shorter in length than the fiber coil, and wherein the at least two short pieces of optical fiber are fabricated from the first type of hollow core fiber; and', 'a plurality of reflective devices, wherein prior to the first light beam and the second light beam entering the ring resonator, the plurality of reflective devices are configured to condition the first light beam and the second light beam such that they excite the fundamental mode of the hollow core fiber within the ring resonator., 'a filter resonator assembly coupled ...

Multicore optical fiber and multicore optical fiber cable

An MCF cable according to an embodiment contains a plurality of MCFs each including at least one coupled core group and a common cladding. Λ is set such that κ at a wavelength of 1550 nm is falls within a range of from 1×10−1 [m−1] to 1×103 [m−1], and ((3ACavg)/(2-K) or (βΛCf)/(2κ) is set in a specific range in a wavelength band of from 1530 nm to 1625 nm, where Cavg [m−1], Cf [m−1], and ftwist [turn/m] represent the average curvature, the pseudo-curvature, and the average torsion, respectively, for each MCF, and κ [m−1], β [m−1], and Λ [m] represent the coefficient of mode coupling between adjacent cores, the average of propagation constants, and the core center-to-center distance, respectively.

Optical fibers having a varying clad index and methods of forming same

An optical fiber with low attenuation and methods of making same are disclosed. The optical fiber has a core, an inner cladding surround the core, and an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding. The outer cladding is chlorine-doped such that the relative refractive index varies as a function of radius. The radially varying relative refractive index profile of the outer cladding reduces excess stress in the core and inner cladding, which helps lower fiber attenuation while also reducing macrobend and microbend loss. A process of fabricating the optical fiber includes doping an overclad soot layer of a soot preform with chlorine and then removing a portion of the chlorine dopant from an outermost region of the overclad soot layer. The soot preform with the modified chlorine dopant profile is then sintered to form a glass preform, which can then be used for drawing the optical fiber.

OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

An optical fiber that is a photonic crystal fiber in which a plurality of holes is arranged along a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber, having a predetermined bending radius R determined according to a transmission distance L of the optical fiber and optical power output from the optical fiber, and having an inter-hole distance Λ and a ratio d/Λ between a hole diameter d and the inter-hole distance Λ such that light of a predetermined number of modes is transmitted and a bending loss of the light of a fundamental mode with the predetermined bending radius R is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value. 1. An optical fiber in which a plurality of holes is arranged along a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber and a region surrounded by the plurality of holes is formed as a core region , the optical fiber having:a predetermined bending radius determined according to a transmission distance of the optical fiber and light power output from the optical fiber, andan inter-hole distance of the plurality of holes and a ratio between a hole diameter of the plurality of holes and the inter-hole distance such that light of a predetermined number of modes is transmitted and a bending loss of light of a fundamental mode with the predetermined bending radius becomes a predetermined value or smaller.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 'eff', 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sub': 'eff', 'sup': 'b', 'A≤aR\u2003\u2003(Expression C1)'}, 'wherein, when a and b are coefficients, an effective cross-sectional area Aof the optical fiber and the predetermined bending radius R have a relationship represented by following expression.'}3. The optical fiber according to claim 2 ,wherein the coefficient a is 6.6 or larger and 6.9 or smaller, andthe coefficient b is 0.97 or larger.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the predetermined bending radius is 500 mm or smaller,a hole defect corresponding to one hole forming the core region is included in the ...

OPTICAL FIBERS, METHODS OF THEIR FORMATION, AND METHODS OF THEIR USE

An example of an optical fiber includes an attenuating cladding disposed around a first waveguide (e.g., a core) and a waveguide (e.g., a waveguide cladding) disposed around the attenuating cladding. An attenuating cladding may be a doped layer that may be doped with, for example, a dopant comprising metal. A first waveguide and a second waveguide may each transmit light for a distinct sample characterization technique. An example of an optical fiber includes a core, a first intermediate cladding disposed around the core, an attenuating cladding disposed around the first intermediate cladding, an attenuating cladding disposed around the first intermediate cladding, a second intermediate cladding disposed around the attenuating cladding, a waveguide cladding disposed around the second intermediate cladding, and outer cladding disposed around the waveguide cladding, and an outer coating around the outer cladding. An optical fiber may be formed using a rod-in-tube process. 1. An optical fiber (e.g. , a characterization fiber) comprising a first waveguide (e.g. , a core) , an attenuating cladding disposed around the first waveguide , and a second waveguide (e.g. , a waveguide cladding) disposed around the attenuating cladding.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the attenuating cladding comprises a dopant.3. The optical fiber of or claim 1 , wherein the attenuating cladding comprises a glass claim 1 , wherein the dopant is dispersed within the glass.4. The optical fiber of or claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises a metal.5. The optical fiber of claim 4 , wherein the dopant comprises a metallic oxide or a metallic chloride.6. The optical fiber of claim 5 , wherein the dopant is a pure metal.7. The optical fiber of or claim 5 , wherein the dopant comprises boron.8. The optical fiber of or claim 5 , wherein the dopant comprises one or more Rayleigh scatterers.9. The optical fiber of any one of the preceding claims claim 5 , wherein the attenuating cladding is opaque. ...

CONCENTRIC FIBER FOR SPACE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND METHOD OF USE

A space-division multiplexed optical fiber includes a relatively high refractive index optical core region surrounded by alternating regions of relatively low and relative high refractive index material, forming concentric high index rings around the core. The optical core region supports propagation of light along at least a first radial mode associated with the optical core region and a high index ring region supports propagation of light along at least a second radial mode associated with the high index ring region. The second radial mode is different from the first radial mode. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a relatively high refractive index optical core region formed of material having a first refractive index;a first low index region surrounding the optical core region and formed from a material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index;a first high index ring region surrounding the first low index region and formed of a material having a third refractive index higher than the second refractive index; anda second low index region surrounding the first high index region and formed from a material having a fourth refractive index lower than the third refractive index;wherein the optical core region supports propagation of light along at least a first radial mode associated with the optical core region and the first high index ring region supports propagation of light along at least a second radial mode associated with the first high index ring region, the second radial mode being different from the first radial mode.2. An optical fiber as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first refractive index is substantially equal to the third refractive index.3. An optical fiber as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first refractive index is greater than the third refractive index.4. An optical fiber as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second refractive index is substantially equal to the fourth refractive index.5. An optical fiber as recited in ...

HIGH CHLORINE CONTENT LOW ATTENUATION OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber having a core comprising silica and greater than 1.5 wt % chlorine and less than 0.5 wt % F, said core having a refractive index Δ, and a inner cladding region having refractive index Δsurrounding the core, where Δ>Δ. 1. A single mode optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1MAX', '2MIN', '1MAX', '2MIN, 'a core comprising silica and greater than or equal to 1.5 wt % chlorine and less than 0.6 wt % F, said core having a refractive index Δ, and a cladding region having refractive index Δsurrounding the core, where Δ>Δ, and wherein said fiber is single moded at 1550 nm.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding region comprises fluorine claim 1 , and the molar ratio of chlorine in the core to fluorine in the cladding is greater than 1.3. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core comprises greater than 2 wt % chlorine.4. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core comprises greater than 3 wt % chlorine.5. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core comprises greater than 4 wt % chlorine.6. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core is essentially free of fluorine.7. The single mode optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said fiber is essentially free of fluorine.8. The single mode fiber of claim 2 , wherein said cladding comprises an inner cladding comprising fluorine and an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region claim 2 , said outer cladding region having refractive index Δ claim 2 , wherein Δ>Δ>Δ.9. The single mode optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said cladding comprises from greater than or equal to about 0.1 weight % fluorine to less than or equal to about 1 weight % fluorine.10. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core has a maximum relative refractive index claim 1 , Δ claim 1 , from greater than or equal to about 0.15% to less than or equal to about 0.5%.11. The single mode optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said cladding has a ...

Dispersion shifted optical fiber

A dispersion shifted optical fiber where a radius r 0 of a first center segment is 0.5 μm to 2.8 μm, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 0 is 0.4% or more and 0.9% or less. A radius r 1 of a first segment is 1.8 μm or more and 4.5 μm or less. A radius r 2 of a second segment is 4.0 μm or more and 8.0 μm or less, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 2 is 0.00% or more and 0.07% or less. A radius r 3 of a third segment is 4.5 μm or more and 8.5 μm or less, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 3 is 0.285% or more and 0.5% or less. A radius r 4 of a fourth segment is 8.0 μm or more and 16.0 μm or less, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 4 is 0.005% or more and 0.04% or less.

HOLLOW CORE OPTICAL FIBER AND A LASER SYSTEM

A hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) comprising an outer cladding region and 7 hollow tubes surrounded by the outer cladding region. Each of the hollow tubes is fused to the outer cladding to form a ring defining an inner cladding region and a hollow core region surrounded by the inner cladding region. The hollow tubes are not touching each other, but are arranged with distance to adjacent hollow tubes. The hollow tubes each have an average outer diameter d2 and an average inner diameter d1, wherein d1/d2 is equal to or larger than about 0.8, such as equal to or larger than about 0.85, such as equal to or larger than about 0.9. 1. A hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) comprising an outer cladding region and 7 hollow tubes surrounded by said outer cladding region , wherein each of said hollow tubes is fused to said outer cladding region to form a ring defining an inner cladding region and a hollow core region surrounded by said inner cladding region , wherein said hollow tubes are not touching each other.2. The hollow core PCF of claim 1 , wherein said hollow tubes each have an average outer diameter d2 and an average inner diameter d1 claim 1 , wherein d1/d2 is equal to or larger than about 0.8 claim 1 , such as equal to or larger than about 0.85 claim 1 , such as equal to or larger than about 0.9.3. The hollow core PCF of or claim 1 , wherein said hollow tubes have a center to center distance Λ between adjacent hollow tubes which is between about 1.01*d2 and about 1.5*d2 claim 1 , such as between 1.05*d2 and 1.2*d2.4. The hollow core PCF of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein said hollow tubes have substantially parallel center axes.5. The hollow core PCF of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein said hollow core region has a core diameter D of from about 10 μm to about 100 μm claim 1 , such as from about 10 μm to about 60 μm claim 1 , such as from about 20 μm to about 50 μm claim 1 , such as from about 25 μm to about 40 μm.6. ...

OPTICAL FIBER MANUFACTURING METHOD

An optical fiber manufacturing method includes setting a first holding member and a rod inside a glass pipe, the first holding member made of glass and having plural holes formed, so that the rod is supported by the first holding member; filling glass particles between the rod and a glass pipe inner wall; holding the rod such that the rod and the filled glass particles are enclosed by the glass pipe inner wall and the first and second holding members, and sealing one end of the glass pipe and manufacturing an intermediate; and manufacturing an optical fiber from the intermediate, wherein a bulk density of the first and second holding members is set with reference to a bulk density of a filling portion made from the glass particles, and the predetermined range is determined according to a core diameter permissible variation range in its longitudinal direction. 1. An optical fiber manufacturing method for manufacturing an optical fiber that includes a core portion made of glass and a cladding portion made of glass and formed on outer periphery of the core portion , the optical fiber manufacturing method comprising:setting such that a first holding member and a core rod are placed inside a glass pipe constituting the cladding portion, the first holding member being one of a pair of holding members that are made of glass and have a plurality of holes formed thereon, the core rod including a core forming portion serving as the core portion and including a cladding forming portion serving as a portion adjacent to the core portion across outer periphery of the core portion, in such a way that the core rod is supported by the first holding member;filling glass particles in a gap between the core rod and an inner wall of the glass pipe;holding the core rod such that a second holding member of the pair of holding members is placed inside the glass pipe, in such a way that the core rod is held in a sandwiched manner in between the first holding member and the second holding ...

HIGH BANDWIDTH RADIATION-RESISTANT MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER

A high bandwidth radiation-resistant multimode optical fiber includes a core and a cladding layer surrounding the core. The core is a fluorine-doped quartz glass layer with a graded refractive index distribution and a distribution power exponent α of 1.7-2.2. The core has R1 of 15-35 μm and Δ1%min of −0.8% to −1.2%. The cladding layer has an inner cladding layer having R2 of 15-38 μm and Δ2% of −0.8% to −1.2% and/or a depressed inner cladding layer having R3 of 15-55 μm and Δ3 of −1.0% to −1.4%, an intermediate cladding layer having R4 of 15.5-58 μm and Δ4 of −0.7% to −0.2% a depressed cladding layer hasving R5 of 16-60 μm and Δ5 of −0.8% to −1.2%, and an outer cladding layer sequentially formed from inside to outside. The outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer. 1. A high bandwidth radiation-resistant multimode optical fiber , comprising a core layer and a cladding layer ,wherein the core layer is a fluorine-doped quartz glass layer with a graded refractive index distribution and a distribution power exponent α in a range from 1.7 to 2.2, and the core layer has a minimum relative refractive index difference Δ1% min in a range from −0.8% to −1.2% and a radius R1 in a range from 15 μm to 35 μm; andwherein the cladding layer outside of the core layer comprises an inner cladding layer and/or a depressed inner cladding layer, an intermediate cladding layer, a depressed cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer in sequence from inside to outside, wherein: the inner cladding layer has a radius R2 in a range from 15 μm to 38 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ2% in a range from −0.8% to −1.2%; the depressed inner cladding layer has a radius R3 in a range from 15 μm to 55 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ3 in a range from −1.0% to −1.4%; the intermediate cladding layer has a radius R4 in a range from 15.5 μm to 58 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ4 in a range from −0.7% to −0.2%; the depressed cladding layer has a radius ...

RADIATION SOURCE AND A METHOD FOR USE IN METROLOGY APPLICATIONS

A system and method for providing a radiation source. In one arrangement, the radiation source includes an optical fiber that is hollow, and has an axial direction, a gas that fills the hollow of the optical fiber, and a plurality of temperature setting devices disposed at respective positions along the axial direction of the optical fiber, wherein the temperature setting devices are configured to control the temperature of the gas to locally control the density of the gas. 1. A radiation source , comprising:an optical fiber that is hollow, and has an axial direction; anda plurality of temperature setting devices disposed at respective positions along the axial direction of the optical fiber,wherein the temperature setting devices are configured to control the temperature of a gas that fills the hollow of the optical fiber to locally control the density of the gas.2. The radiation source of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to control at each of the positions: the local temperature of the gas to a target temperature claim 1 , and/or the heat flux supplied to the gas to a target heat flux.3. The radiation source of claim 2 , further comprising a sensor configured to take a property measurement of the output of the radiation source claim 2 , wherein the target temperature or target heat flux is based on this property measurement.4. The radiation source of claim 2 , further comprising at least one temperature sensor configured to take a temperature measurement of the gas claim 2 , wherein the target temperature or target heat flux is based on this temperature measurement.5. The radiation source of claim 1 , further comprising a support provided between the optical fiber and at least one of the temperature setting devices and configured to provide thermal contact between the optical fiber and the at least one temperature setting device.6. The radiation source of claim 5 , wherein the support comprises a plurality of support sections arranged in the ...

MICROSTRUCTURED FIBER AND SUPERCONTINUUM LIGHT SOURCE

A microstructured optical fiber including a core region and a cladding region which surrounds the core region. The cladding region includes a plurality of cladding features within a cladding background material, wherein the cladding region includes an inner cladding region with at least one inner ring of cladding features and an outer cladding region with outer cladding rings of outer cladding features. The inner cladding features have a first characteristic diameter and the outer cladding region includes a plurality of outer cladding features having a characteristic diameter smaller than the first characteristic diameter. The core region has a diameter of at least about 2 μm. A cascade optical fiber with at least one fiber as described, as well as a source of optical supercontinuum generation. 1. (canceled)2. A source of optical supercontinuum generation ,the source comprising a microstructured optical fiber and a pump laser source adapted to generate pump radiation at a pump wavelength and to launch said pump radiation into said microstructured optical fiber,wherein the microstructured optical fiber has a length and a longitudinal axis along its length and comprising a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region,said cladding region comprising a cladding background material and a plurality of cladding features within the cladding background material, said cladding features being arranged around the core region,wherein said cladding region in at least a length section of the fiber comprises an inner cladding region comprising at least two inner rings of cladding features, and an outer cladding region comprising at least one outer ring of outer cladding features, said inner cladding region being adjacent to the core region and said outer cladding region being adjacent to the inner cladding region,wherein each ring of cladding features comprises bridges of cladding background material separating adjacent features of the ring,{'sub': '1', 'wherein ...

Reconfigurable Liquid Metal Fiber Optic Mirror

A true time delay system for optical signals includes a hollow core optical waveguide, a droplet of reflective liquid metal disposed in the hollow core, and an actuator coupled to a first end of the waveguide to move the droplet longitudinally within the hollow core. In one example, the waveguide is a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber. In one example, the actuator is a pressure actuator that introduces or removes gas into the core. Light enters the optical fiber, is transmitted through the fiber toward the reflective surface of the droplet, and is reflected back through the fiber and exits at the same end of the photonic bandgap optical fiber that it entered. The fiber optic device can provide a continuously-variable optical path length of over 3.6 meters (corresponding to a continuously-variable true-time delay of over 12 ns, or 120 periods at a 10 GHz modulation frequency), with negligible wavelength dependence across the C and L bands. 1. A true time delay system for optical signals , comprising:a hollow core optical waveguide;a droplet of reflective liquid metal disposed in the hollow core; andan actuator configured to changing the position of the droplet within the hollow core;an end of the hollow core waveguide configured to receive optical energy, to transmit the optical energy through the hollow core toward the reflective droplet, and to return the reflected optical energy toward the end of the hollow core optical waveguide.2. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow core waveguide is a hollow core optical fiber.3. The true time delay system according to claim 2 , wherein the hollow core optical fiber is a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber.4. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the droplet is a liquid metal.5. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the droplet is mercury.6. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a pressure actuator coupled to an end of ...

OPTICAL FIBER WITH LOW LOSS AND NANOSCALE STRUCTURALLY HOMOGENEOUS CORE

An optical fiber has a core region that is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured, such that, in a Raman spectrum with a frequency shift of approximately 600 cm, the fiber has a nanoscale structure having an integrated D2 line defect intensity of less than 0.025. Alternatively, the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured such that the fiber has a residual axial compressive stress with a stress magnitude of more than 20 MPa and a stress radial extent between 2 and 7 times the core radius. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a plurality of concentric fiber regions, including a core region and surrounding cladding regions, wherein the concentric fiber regions are doped with one or more index-modifying dopants in respective amounts and radial positions that are configured to create a selected index profile,{'sup': '−1', 'wherein the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured, such that, in a Raman spectrum with a frequency shift of approximately 600 cm, the fiber has a nanoscale structure having an integrated D2 line defect intensity of less than 0.025.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 ,wherein the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts and radial positions that are configured such that the fiber has an attenuation of less than 0.18 dB/km at 1550 nm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 ,wherein the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts and radial positions that are configured such that the fiber has an attenuation of less than 0.17 dB/km at 1550 nm.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 ,wherein the fiber is drawn at a speed of greater than 3 meters per second.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the amount of P dopant is between 0.2% and 2%,', 'wherein the amount of Cl dopant is between 0 and 15,000 ppm ...

SINGLE-MODE PROPAGATION IN MICROSTRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBERS

The invention relates to an optical fiber as an optical waveguide for the single-mode operation. The present invention proposes a fiber having a microstructure, by which the propagation of modes of a higher order are selectively suppressed in the optical waveguide. At the same time, the propagation of transversal modes of a higher order is dampened more strongly than the propagation of the fundamental modes of the optical waveguide. 1. An optical fiber as an optical waveguide for single-mode operation , wherein the fiber has a structuring by means of which propagation of higher order modes in the optical waveguide is selectively suppressed , wherein the structuring comprises channels that run along the longitudinal expanse of the fiber , whereby a fiber core is formed by a region of the fiber in which no channels run , and wherein the channels , viewed in the cross-section of the fiber , form groups composed of at least two channels , in such a manner that the distances between the center axes of the channels within a group are less than the distances between the center axes of the channels of different groups , whereby the distance of the centroidal axes of the groups is greater than twenty times the wavelength of the radiation guided in the optical waveguide.2. The optical fiber according to claim wherein the groups are disposed hexagonally. This application is a divisional of and Applicants claim priority under 35 U.S.C. §§120 and 121 of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/138,618 filed on Nov. 22, 2011, which application is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT Application No. PCT/EP2010/001586 filed on Mar. 12, 2010, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German Patent Application No. 10 2009 012 662.7 filed on Mar. 13, 2009 and under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German Patent Application No. 10 2009 060 711.0 filed on Dec. 29, 2009, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The international application under PCT ...

OPTICAL DEVICE WITH PHOTON FLIPPING

An optical device with photon flipping for converting an incident light flux into a practically monochromatic light beam, the device including a cladding area including a photon crystal microstructure, the photon crystal microstructure having an allowed spectral band and a spectral band gap; a flipping area including a flipping fluorescent dye which has a spectral band for absorbing fluorescence, which covers at least part of the allowed spectral band, and a spectral band for emitting fluorescence, which covers at least part of the spectral band gap of the photon crystal microstructure; a central area arranged to enable propagation of a monochromatic light beam having a wavelength in the spectral band gap, the central area being surrounded by the photon crystal microstructure; the core area having a thickness which is less than or equal to five times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the flipping fluorescent dye. 2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the core area is less than or equal to three times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the fluorescent flip dye.4. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the flip area is situated in at least one part of the cladding area.5. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the flip area is situated in at least one part of the core area.6. The optical device according to claim 1 , having optical fibre geometry claim 1 , the optical device extending along a reference axis and having a symmetry of revolution around said reference axis.7. The optical device according to claim 1 , having optical film geometry claim 1 , the optical device extending along a reference plane and having symmetry with respect to said reference plane.8. The optical device according to claim 1 , further comprising a first conversion area situated around the flip area claim 1 , the first conversion area including a first fluorescent conversion dye having a ...

LOW BEND LOSS SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER WITH CHLORINE UPDOPED CLADDING

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a central core region, a first (inner) cladding region surrounding the central core region and having an outer radius r>16 microns and relative refractive index Δ, and a second (outer) cladding region surrounding the first cladding region having relative refractive index, Δ, wherein Δ>Δ>Δ. The difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.12 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r/ris greater or equal to 0.24 and bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn. 1. An optical fiber comprising:(i) a central core region having outer radius r1 and refractive index Δ1 (a) a first cladding region having an outer radius 25 microns>r2>16 microns and relative refractive index Δ2, wherein the ratio of r1/r2 is larger than 0.24 and', '(b) a second cladding region surrounding the first cladding region and having a relative refractive index Δ3 and an outer radius r3, wherein the second cladding region comprises at least 1.25 wt % chlorine (Cl), and wherein Δ1>Δ3>Δ2, and wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is greater than 0.12%, and Δ3>0.12%;, '(ii) a cladding surrounding the central core region, the cladding comprisingand said fiber exhibits a bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is greater than 0.13%.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is between 0.12% and 0.25%.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the central core region of said fiber exhibits an alpha less than 10.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , said fiber further exhibiting a wire mesh covered drum microbend loss at 1550 nm which is less than or equal to 0.07 dB/km.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber in which the increase of attenuation can be reduced is offered. An optical fiber is made of silica glass and includes a core and a cladding enclosing the core. The refractive index of the cladding is smaller than that of the core. The core includes chlorine and any of the alkali metal group. The chlorine concentration is 1 ppm or more in the whole region of the core. In the whole region of the core, the absolute value of rate of radial change of the chlorine concentration is smaller than 2000 ppm/μm. 1. An optical fiber made of silica glass and containing a core and a cladding ,the cladding enclosing the core and having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the core,the core containing chlorine as well as an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth-metal element,the core having a chlorine concentration of 1 ppm or more in the whole region thereof, andthe absolute value of rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration being smaller than 2000 ppm/μm.2. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is less than 1000 ppm/μm.3. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is less than 500 ppm/μm.4. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is less than 300 ppm/μm.5. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is more than 100 ppm/μm.6. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is more than 200 ppm/μm.7. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe core ...

Ultra-low-loss coupled-core multicore optical fibers

A coupled-core multicore optical fiber has a plurality of cores that are doped with alkali metals or chlorine to achieve low attenuation and a large effective area. The cores may be embedded in a common cladding region that may be fluorine doped. The cores may also be doped with chlorine, either with the alkali metals described above or without the alkali metals.

OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

An optical fiber includes a core, a depressed layer surrounding the core, and a cladding surrounding the depressed layer, where a refractive index profile of the core is an α power distribution in which an index α is 3 or more and 6 or less, a relative refractive index difference Δ of the depressed layer with respect to the adding is set such that an absolute value |Δ| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less, a radius r1 of the core and an outer circumference radius r2 of the depressed layer are set such that a ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.2 or more and 0.5 or less, a cable cutoff wavelength λof 22 m is 1260 nm or less, and a mode field diameter MFD at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 8.6 μm or more and 9.5 μm or less. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a core;a depressed layer surrounding the core; anda cladding surrounding the depressed layer,wherein:a refractive index profile of the core is an α power distribution in which an index α is 3.5 or more and 6 or less,a relative refractive index difference Δ− of the depressed layer with respect to the cladding is set such that an absolute value |Δ−| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less,a radius r1 of the core and an outer circumference radius r2 of the depressed layer are set such that a ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.2 or more and 0.5 or less,a cable cutoff wavelength λcc of 22 m is 1260 nm or less, anda mode field diameter MFD at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 8.6 μm or more and 9.5 μm or less.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe relative refractive index difference Δ− is set such that the absolute value |Δ−| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.03% or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe radius r1 and the outer circumference radius r2 are set such that the ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereina relative refractive index difference Δ+ of the core with respect to the cladding is set to be 0.30% or more and 0.45% or less.5. The ...

Cabling Configurations For Hollow Core Optical Fibers

A hollow core optical fiber and cable combination is configured to exhibit minimal SNR and loss degradation. This is achieved by either: (1) reducing the coupling between the fundamental and other (unwanted) modes propagating within the hollow core fiber, or (2) increasing the propagation loss along the alternative. The first approach may be achieved by designing the cable to minimize perturbations and/or designing the hollow core fiber to fully separate the fundamental mode from the unwanted modes so as to reduce coupling into the unwanted modes. Whether through fiber design or cable design, the amount of light coupled into unwanted modes is reduced to acceptable levels. The second approach may be realized through either fiber design and/or cable design to suppress the light in unwanted modes so that an acceptably low level of light is coupled back into the fundamental mode. 1. A method of configuring an optical fiber cable assembly including at least one hollow core optical fiber , comprising:determining a maximum allowable multi-path interference (MPI) level permitted in a final cable assembly;selecting a hollow core fiber configuration suitable for maintaining the MPI level below the determined maximum allowable level;if the selected hollow core fiber configuration is sensitive to mode mixing, selecting a cable design that intentionally introduces perturbations on the fiber sufficient to reduce the MPI below the maximum allowable level in the presence of mode mixing sensitivities; otherwise, if the selected hollow core fiber is insensitive to mode mixing,selecting a cable design that maintains the MPI level below the determined maximum allowable level.2. The method as defined in wherein the step of selecting a hollow core fiber configuration includes selecting a hollow core fiber from the group consisting of: polarization-maintaining hollow core optical fiber and a mode-suppressing hollow core optical fiber.3. The method as defined in wherein the step of ...

OPTICAL FIBERS FOR SINGLE MODE AND FEW MODE VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASER-BASED OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

The optical fibers disclosed have single mode and few mode optical transmission for VCSEL-based optical fiber transmission systems. The optical fibers have a cable cutoff wavelength λof equal to or below 1260 nm thereby defining single mode operation at wavelengths greater than 1260 nm and few-mode operation at wavelengths in a wavelength range from 800 nm and 1100 nm. The mode-field diameter is in the range from 8.0 microns to 10.1 microns at 1310 nm. The optical fibers have an overfilled bandwidth OFL BW of at least 1GHz·km at at least one wavelength in the wavelength range. The optical fibers have a single-step or two-step core and can have a trench refractive index profile. VCSEL based optical transmission systems and methods are disclosed that utilize both single core and multicore versions of the optical fiber. 1. An optical fiber , comprising: an inner core region having a first relative refractive index and a first radius, and', 'an outer core region surrounding the inner core region, having a second relative refractive index less than the first relative refractive index, and a second radius greater than the first radius; and, 'a core having a step index profile, comprisinga cladding surrounding the core;wherein the optical fiber is single mode at wavelengths greater than 1260 nm, and is few mode in a wavelength range between 800 to 1100 nm with an overfilled bandwidth greater than 1 GHz·km at at least one wavelength in the wavelength range.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein:the first relative refractive index is between 0.36% and 0.40%;the first radius is between 2.0 nm and 2.4 nm;the second relative refractive index is between 0.28% and 0.32%;the second radius is between 4.2 nm and 4.6 nm; andthe cladding has a third relative refractive index that is substantially zero, and a third radius between 40 μm and 100 μm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein:the first relative refractive index is between 0.38% and 0.44%;the first radius is between 2.2 μ ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF MICROBIAL STERILIZATION USING POLYCHROMATIC LIGHT

The present invention is a device for sterilizing microorganisms on a liquid or solid substrate. The device includes a light source for producing a light and an optical device positioned proximate the light source. The optical device is configured to focus the light generated by the light source to provide a high intensity light output. The optical device also includes a dichroic reflector. The dichroic reflector is configured to pass thermal energy generated by the light source and reflect the light produced by the light source. The device also includes a power supply, where the power supply is coupled to the light source and the optical device. The device thereby killing microbial organisms presented within the range of the high intensity light output. 2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the light source is polychromatic.3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the light source includes a high intensity lamp.4. The device according to claim 3 , wherein the light source includes a high intensity HgXe lamp.5. The device according to wherein the light source is a high UV output light source.6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the light source is activated for a predetermined exposure period just sufficient to kill the microorganism.7. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the exposure period is greater than approximately 0.01 seconds.8. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the exposure period is between approximately 0.01 seconds and approximately 5 seconds.9. The device according to claim 6 , further comprising:a shutter mechanism, wherein the shutter mechanism is positioned and connected proximate to the optical device for controlling the exposure period by modulating the light source.10. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a fluid-core light guide claim 1 , the fluid-core light guide comprising:a. a first end;b. a second end;c. a tubular body; andd. wherein the light guide is positioned and connected with the first ...

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

An optical fiber cable has a sectional area of Ac [mm] and housing a number N of optical fibers. A transmission loss α[dB/km], a mode field diameter W [μm], an effective area Aeff [μm], an effective length L[km], and a wavelength dispersion D [ps/nm/km] of each of the optical fibers at a wavelength of 1550 nm satisfy a predetermined, equation and the transmission loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.19 dB/km or less, and the effective area of the optical fiber is in a range from 125 to 155 μm. 2. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is in a range from 12.0 to 13.5 μm.3. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the wavelength dispersion of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is in a range from 19 to 22 ps/nm/km.4. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber has a cutoff wavelength in a range from 1400 to 1600 nm.5. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber comprises:a core having a diameter in a range from 12 to 15 μm; anda cladding surrounding the core and having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core,wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to the cladding is in a range from 0.28% to 0.35%.6. The optical fiber cable according to claim 5 ,wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to pure silica is in a range from −0.1% to +0.1%.7. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber comprises:a core having a diameter in a range from 12 to 15 μm;an inner cladding surrounding the core and having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core; andan outer cladding having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core and larger than a refractive index of the inner cladding,wherein a relative refractive index difference ...

FIBER OPTIC CABLES AND ASSEMBLIES AND THE PERFORMANCE THEREOF

A fiber optic drop cable includes an optical fiber, a tight buffer layer on the optical fiber, at least one strength member, and a jacket surrounding the tight buffer layer. The jacket is coupled to the at least one strength member by at least partial embedment of at least one of the strength members in the jacket, which facilitates coupling between the jacket and strength member. The fiber optic drop cable has an average delta attenuation of 0.4 dB or less at a reference wavelength of 1625 nanometers with the fiber optic cable wrapped 2 turns about a 7.5 millimeter diameter mandrel. 1. A fiber optic drop cable , comprising:an optical fiber;at least one strength member;a jacket surrounding the optical fiber, wherein the jacket comprises a bend radius control mechanism for protecting the optical fiber by inhibiting damage and breaking of the optical fiber as the cable is bent into small bend radii while still providing a highly flexible cable, wherein the bend radius control mechanism maintains a minimum bend diameter for the optical fiber;wherein the fiber optic drop cable has an average delta attenuation of 0.4 dB or less at a reference wavelength of 1625 nanometers with the fiber optic cable wrapped 2 turns about a 7.5 millimeter diameter mandrel.2. The fiber optic drop cable of claim 1 , wherein the minimum bend diameter is about two times the radius of the cable.3. A fiber optic cable claim 1 , comprising:optical fibers, wherein the optical fibers are arranged side-by-side as part of a ribbon structure where the optical fibers are enclosed or encased in a matrix around the optical fibers;at least one strength member;a jacket surrounding the optical fibers, wherein the jacket is coupled to the at least one strength member by at least partial embedment of at least one of the strength members in the jacket, thereby facilitating coupling between the jacket and strength member;wherein the fiber optic drop cable has an average delta attenuation of 0.4 dB or less at a ...

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

An optical fiber cable has a sectional area of Ac [mm] and housing a number N of optical fibers. A transmission loss α[dB/km], a mode field diameter W [μm], an effective area Aeff [μm], an effective length L[km], and a wavelength dispersion D [ps/nm/km] of each of the optical fibers at a wavelength of 1550 nm satisfy a predetermined, equation and the transmission loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.19 dB/km or less, and the effective area of the optical fiber is in a range from 125 to 155 μm. 2: The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is in a range from 12.0 to 13.5 μm.3: The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the wavelength dispersion of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is in a range from 19 to 22 ps/nm/km.4: The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber has a cutoff wavelength in a range from 1400 to 1600 nm.5: The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber comprises:a core having a diameter in a range from 12 to 15 μm; anda cladding surrounding the core and having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core,wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to the cladding is in a range from 0.28% to 0.35%.6: The optical fiber cable according to claim 5 ,wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to pure silica is in a range from −0.1% to +0.1%.7: The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber comprises:a core having a diameter in a range from 12 to 15 μm;an inner cladding surrounding the core and having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core; andan outer cladding having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core and larger than a refractive index of the inner cladding,wherein a relative refractive index difference ...

OPTICAL FIBER MICROWIRE DEVICES AND MANUFACTURE METHOD THEREOF

Herein presents an optical fiber microwire device, wherein the device comprising a silica tube, an optical fiber (2) inserted into the silica tube (1) and pigtailed at two sides, wherein the two ends of the silica tube (1) are fused with the optical fiber (2) to form a solid structure, or the two ends of the silica tube (2) are filled with silica rods (3), silica capillaries (4) or segments of optical fibers and fused to form a solid structure. The silica tube (1) together with the optical fiber (2) inside is then tapered to form a micro structure region. Therefore, the micro structure region is consisted of the tapered optical fiber as the microstructure core, tapered silica tube, and the air in between. This invention combine the manufacture of optical fiber microwire and the sealing process, avoiding the disadvantages of the conventional tapered optical fiber microwire, such as fragile mechanical structure, and sensitive to the outer environment variations. 1. Herein presents an optical fiber microwire device , wherein the device comprising a silica tube , an optical fiber inserted into the silica tube and pigtailed at two sides , wherein the two ends of the silica tube are fused with the optical fiber to form a solid structure , or the two ends of the silica tube are filled with silica rods , silica capillaries or segments of optical fibers and fused to form a solid structure. The silica tube together with the optical fiber inside is then tapered to form a micro structure region. Therefore , the micro structure region is consisted of the tapered optical fiber as the microstructure core , tapered silica tube , and the air in between.2. An optical fiber microwire device as claimed in claim 1 , in which the optical fiber is tapered to form a pre-tapered region claim 1 , then it is placed in the silica tube with all the pre-tapered region inside of the silica tube claim 1 , and after the two ends of the silica tube are fused to form fixed structure claim 1 , then ...

SINGLE-MODE LARGE EFFECTIVE AREA OPTICAL FIBERS

Optical fibers having a large effective area are disclosed. Three main embodiments of the optical fiber allow for single-mode operation at wavelengths of 850 nm, 980 nm and 1060 nm, respectively and have a large effective area with low bend losses. The large effective area optical fiber is expected to be particularly useful for data center applications due to its ability to efficiently optically couple with photonic integrated devices. Integrated systems and optical communication systems that employ the optical fibers are also disclosed. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', '1max, 'a core region comprising an outer radius rin the range from 3.0 to 6.0 microns and a relative refractive index Δin the range from 0.12% to 0.35%;'}{'sub': 3', '3, 'sup': '2', 'a depressed index cladding region surrounding said core region, said depressed index cladding region comprising an outer radius rand a relative refractive index Δless than −0.1%, and a trench volume of at least 20% Δ-micron;'}{'sub': '4', 'an outer cladding region surrounding said depressed index cladding region, said outer cladding region comprising an outer radius r; and'}{'sup': '2', 'wherein said optical fiber has a mode field diameter (MFD) at 850 nm≧6.0 microns, a cable cutoff wavelength≦850 nm, an effective area at 850 nm of at least 30 micron, and a bending loss at 850 nm as determined by the mandrel wrap test using a mandrel comprising a diameter of 15 mm of ≦1.0 dB/turn.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 3.0 to 5.0 microns and said relative refractive index Δis in the range from 0.15% to 0.3%.3. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 12 to 20 microns claim 2 , said relative refractive index Δis less than −0.1% claim 2 , and said trench volume is at least 20% Δμm.4. The optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said outer radius ris at least 60 microns and said relative refractive index Δis in the range from −0.05% to 0. ...

A transmissive photonic crystal fiber ring resonator employing single optical beam-splitter

A transmissive photonic crystal fiber ring resonator employing single optical beam-splitter comprises: a first fiber-optic collimator, a second fiber-optic collimator, a first photonic crystal fiber collimator, a second photonic crystal fiber collimator, an optical beam-splitter, and a fixture. The first fiber-optic collimator, the second fiber-optic collimator, the first photonic crystal fiber collimator, the second photonic crystal fiber collimator, and the optical beam-splitter are fixed on the fixture; the fiber pigtails of the first fiber-optic collimator and the second fiber-optic collimator are the input/output ports; the fiber pigtails of the first photonic crystal fiber collimator and the second photonic crystal fiber collimator are connected. The number of components of the photonic crystal fiber ring resonator is reduced by half: only one optical beam-splitter and two photonic crystal fiber collimators besides two fiber-optic collimators; therefore, the resonator structure can be simplified and the size can be reduced.

Low-dispersion single-mode optical fiber

A low-dispersion single-mode fiber includes a core and claddings covering the core. The core layer has a radius in a range of 3-5 μm and a relative refractive index difference in a range of 0.15% to 0.45%. The claddings comprise a first depressed cladding, a raised cladding, a second depressed cladding, and an outer cladding arranged sequentially from inside to outside. The first depressed cladding has a unilateral width in a range of 2-7 μm and a relative refractive index difference in a range of −0.4% to 0.03%. The raised cladding has a unilateral width in a range of 2-7 μm and a relative refractive index difference in a range of 0.05% to 0.20%. The second depressed cladding has a unilateral width in a range of 0-8 μm and a relative refractive index difference in a range of 0% to −0.2%. The outer cladding is formed of pure silicon dioxide glass.

LARGE CORE HOLEY FIBERS

Holey fibers provide optical propagation. In various embodiments, a large core holey fiber comprises a cladding region formed by large holes arranged in few layers. The number of layers or rows of holes about the large core can be used to coarse tune the leakage losses of the fundamental and higher modes of a signal, thereby allowing the non-fundamental modes to be substantially eliminated by leakage over a given length of fiber. Fine tuning of leakage losses can be performed by adjusting the hole dimension and/or spacing to yield a desired operation with a desired leakage loss of the fundamental mode. Resulting holey fibers have a large hole dimension and spacing, and thus a large core, when compared to traditional fibers and conventional fibers that propagate a single mode. Other loss mechanisms, such as bend loss and modal spacing can be utilized for selected modes of operation of holey fibers. 1. An optical fiber for propagating a single optical mode , said optical fiber comprising:a cladding region comprising a plurality of cladding features disposed in a matrix, said plurality of cladding features having an average spacing, Λ, and an average size, d, said plurality of cladding features being substantially arranged in a plurality of layers, N; anda core region surrounded by said cladding region, said plurality of cladding features substantially confining propagation of said single optical mode to said core region, said plurality of cladding features having (i) sufficient average spacing, Λ, to provide an increased effective core size, 2ρ, and (ii) a sufficient average size, d, to provide substantial confinement of light having a wavelength, λ, within said core region,wherein said average size, d, and said average spacing, Λ, have values at least about 20 micrometers to provide an effective core size of at least about 20 micrometers;wherein d/Λ is at least about 0.6, and said optical fiber is configured to propagate said single optical mode in said core region ...

Few mode optical fibers for mode division multiplexing

Few mode optical fibers for mode division multiplexing. The Few Mode Fiber supporting 25 or 30 LP guided modes and includes a graded index core with a α-profile, a radius R1 (at 0 refractive index difference) between 21.5 and 27 μm and a maximum refractive index difference Dn1 between 12.5×10−3 and 20×10−3, and an end of the α- profile at a radius R1b, with index difference Dn1b; a trench surrounding the core with radius R3 between 30 and 42 μm and refractive index difference Dn3 between −15.10−3 and −6.10−3, an intermediate depressed trench with a radius R2, with R1b<R2<R3 and a refractive index difference Dn2, with Dn3<Dn2<0, wherein: for |Dn1b−Dn2|>=0.5×10−3, Min(Dn1b, Dn2)≤−1.5×10−3, and for |Dn1b−Dn2|<0.5×10−3, Dn2 is between −5×10−3 and −3.5×10−3.

UNIVERSAL OPTICAL FIBER

The present disclosure provides a universal optical fiber (). The universal optical fiber () includes a core () extended from a central longitudinal axis () to a first radius r. In addition, the universal optical fiber () includes a buffer clad () region extending from the first radius rto a second radius r. Further, the universal optical fiber () includes a trench region () extending from the second radius rto a third radius r. Furthermore, the universal optical fiber () includes a cladding () extending from the third radius to a fourth radius r. Moreover, the core (), the buffer clad region (), the trench region () and the cladding () are concentrically arranged. 1100. A universal optical fiber () comprising:{'b': 102', '110', '100', '102, 'sub': 1', '1, 'a core () defined along a central longitudinal axis () of the universal optical fiber (), wherein the core () has a first radius rand a first refractive index Δ;'}{'b': 104', '102, 'sub': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'a buffer clad region () concentrically surrounding the core (), wherein the buffer clad region is defined between the first radius rand a second radius rand has a refractive index Δless than the refractive Δ; and'}{'b': 106', '106, 'sub': 2', '3', '3', '3', '4, 'a trench region (), wherein the trench region () is defined by a second radius rand the third radius rand a refractive index Δand wherein the refractive index Δis less than the refractive index Δand is a negative refractive index;'}{'b': 108', '108', '100, 'sub': 3', '4', '4', 'l', '2, 'a cladding (), wherein the cladding () is defined by a third radius rand a fourth radius rof the universal optical fiber () and a refractive index Δless than the refractive indices Δand Δ,'}{'b': '100', 'wherein the universal optical fiber () has a mode field diameter in range of about 8.7 micrometer to 9.5 micrometer,'}{'b': '100', 'wherein the universal optical fiber () has at least one of macro-bend loss up to 0.5 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1550 ...

Cutoff shifted optical fibre

The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core extended from a central longitudinal axis to a first radius r1. Further, the optical fibre includes a first trench region extended from a second radius r2 to a third radius r3, a second trench region extended from the third radius r3 to a fourth radius r4 and a cladding region extended from the fourth radius r4 to a fifth radius r5.

PHOTONIC BAND GAP FIBERS USING A JACKET WITH A DEPRESSED SOFTENING TEMPERATURE

The present invention is generally directed to a photonic bad gap fiber and/or fiber preform with a central structured region comprising a first non-silica based glass and a jacket comprising a second non-silica based glass surrounding the central structured region, where the Littleton softening temperature of the second glass is at least one but no more than ten degrees Celsius lower than the Littleton softening temperature of the first glass, or where the base ten logarithm of the glass viscosity in poise of the second glass is at least 0.01 but no more than 2 lower than the base ten logarithm of the glass viscosity in poise of the first glass at a fiber draw temperature. Also disclosed is a method of making a photonic bad gap fiber and/or fiber preform 1. A photonic band gap fiber preform , comprising:a central structured region comprising a first non-silica based glass, wherein the first glass has a Littleton softening temperature; anda jacket comprising a second non-silica based glass, wherein the second glass comprises a different composition than the first glass, wherein the jacket surrounds the central structured region, and wherein the second glass has a Littleton softening temperature;wherein the Littleton softening temperature of the second glass is at least one but no more than ten degrees Celsius lower than the Littleton softening temperature of the first glass.2. The fiber preform of claim 1 , wherein the first glass and second glass are individually selected from the group consisting of chalcogenide glass claim 1 , chalcohalide glass claim 1 , oxide glass claim 1 , silicate glass claim 1 , germanate glass claim 1 , phosphate glass claim 1 , borate glass claim 1 , gallate glass claim 1 , tellurite glass claim 1 , and halide glass.3. The fiber preform of claim 1 , wherein when the fiber preform is heated claim 1 , the second glass flows into and fills any voids between the central structured region and the jacket.4. The fiber preform of claim 1 , ...

Micromodule cables and breakout cables therefor

A breakout cable includes a polymer jacket and a plurality of micromodules enclosed within the jacket. Each micromodule has a plurality of bend resistant optical fibers and a polymer sheath comprising PVC surrounding the bend resistant optical fibers. Each of the plurality of bend resistant optical fibers is a multimode optical fiber including a glass cladding region surrounding and directly adjacent to a glass core region. The core region is a graded-index glass core region, where the refractive index of the core region has a profile having a parabolic or substantially curved shape. The cladding includes a first annular portion having a lesser refractive index relative to a second annular portion of the cladding. The first annular portion is interior to the second annular portion. The cladding is surrounded by a low modulus primary coating and a high modulus secondary coating.

MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER

An embodiment of the invention relates to a BI-MMF with OH group concentrations controlled along a radial direction. In the BI-MMF, an OH group concentration distribution along the radial direction has a shape in which a concentration peak is located in a concentration control interval provided between an outer periphery of a core and a trench part, including an interface between the core and trench part. 1: A multimode optical fiber comprising:{'sub': '2', 'b': '2', 'i': 'a;', 'a core extending along a predetermined axis, doped with GeO, and having an outside diameter'}{'b': '2', 'i': 'b', 'a trench part surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the core, doped with fluorine, having a refractive index lower than a maximum refractive index of the core, and having an outside diameter ; and'}{'b': '2', 'i': 'c,', 'a cladding surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the trench part, having a refractive index lower than the maximum refractive index of the core and higher than the refractive index of the trench part, and having an outside diameter'}wherein in a cross section of the multimode optical fiber perpendicular to the predetermined axis, an OH group concentration distribution along a radial direction of the multimode optical fiber has a shape in which a concentration peak thereof is located in a concentration control interval where a distance from a center of the core is defined in the range of a/2 to b.2: The multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein in the cross section of the multimode optical fiber claim 1 , an OH group concentration at a first position separated by a distance a from the center of the core is higher than an OH group concentration at a second position separated by a distance a/2 from the center of the core and higher than an OH group concentration at a third position separated by a distance b from the center of the core.3: The multimode optical fiber according to claim 2 , wherein the OH group concentration distribution has a ...

MULTI-OPTICAL FIBER AGGREGATE

A multi-fiber aggregate is provided. The multi-fiber aggregate includes at least two optical fibers, each of the at least two optical fibers having a core member formed from a silica-based glass and an outer cladding layer formed from a silica-based glass surrounding and in direct contact with the core member. The multi-fiber aggregate also includes a polymeric binding coating surrounding the at least two optical fibers and holding the at least two fibers in a predetermined geometry. 1. A multi-optical fiber aggregate comprising:at least two optical fibers, each of the at least two optical fibers having a core region formed from a silica-based glass and an outer cladding region formed from a silica-based glass surrounding and in direct contact with the core region; anda polymeric binding coating surrounding the at least two optical fibers and holding the at least two fibers in a predetermined geometry.2. The multi-fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein at least two optical fibers have a diameter of less than about 125 microns.3. The multi-fiber aggregate of claim 2 , wherein the at least two optical fibers have a diameter of between about 40 microns and about 120 microns.4. The multi-fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the outer cladding region comprises a reduced refractive index region.5. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 4 , wherein the outer cladding region further comprises an inner cladding region surrounding the core region claim 4 , wherein the reduced refractive index region surrounds the inner cladding region.6. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 4 , wherein the reduced refractive index region comprises silica-based glass doped with fluorine.7. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the at least two optical fibers comprise an optical coating surrounding and in direct contact with the outer cladding region.8. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the at least two optical fibers comprise a substantially ...

Photonic crystal fiber, in particular single-mode fiber for the IR wavelength range, and process for the production thereof

The invention relates to a photonic crystal fiber, in particular single-mode fiber, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the IR wavelength range of >1 μm, in particular in the wavelength range from 1 μm to 20 μm, preferably from 9 μm to 12 μm, having a light-conducting hollow core, in particular a hollow core having a diameter D, and a plurality of hollow bodies, in particular hollow tubes composed of a chalcogenide glass, arranged around the light-conducting hollow core. The hollow bodies () are arranged in such a way that the diameter D of the light-conducting hollow core is greater than the shortest wavelength to be transmitted, preferably at least 20 μm, preferably at least 50 μm, particularly preferably at least 100 μm, preferably in the range from 100 μm to 500 μm, in particular in the range from 150 μm to 350 μm, and the damping for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation is <2 dB/m, in particular <1 dB/m, preferably <0.3 dB/m, in particular <0.1 dB/m. 1. A photonic crystal fiber , for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the IR wavelength range >1 μm , comprising:a hollow core having a diameter and a plurality of hollow bodies that are arranged around the hollow core, wherein the hollow core comprises a chalcogenide glass,{'b': 10', '20', '5, 'wherein the hollow bodies (, ) are arranged so that a diameter D of the hollow core () is greater than 20 μm, and'}the damping for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation is <2 dB/m.2501502. The photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hollow bodies arranged around the hollow core are arranged in structure rings (. claim 1 , .) around the hollow core.3. The photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 2 , wherein there are at least four of the structure rings of hollow bodies arranged around the hollow core.4. The photonic crystal fiber as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hollow bodies have a cross section claim 1 , wherein a diameter of the cross section is in ...

HOLLOW CORE OPTICAL FIBER ARRAY LAUNCHER WITH SEALED LENS BLOCK

A beam combiner array assembly including an array block having a back wall and a front surface and a plurality of aligned and sealed channels extending from the back wall to the front surface. A lens array including a plurality of lenses is secured to the front surface of the block so that one of the lenses is aligned with each channel, and a plurality of fiber flanges are secured to the back wall of the block so that a separate one of the flanges is aligned with each channel. A hollow core fiber extends through each flange and the back wall so that an end of the fiber is positioned within one of the channels. A beam that propagates down each fiber is emitted into the channel, focused by the lens and emitted from the assembly as a collimated beam. 1. A beam combiner array assembly comprising:an array block including a back wall having a thickness and a front surface, said array block including a plurality of aligned channels extending from the back wall to the front surface, wherein a bore extends through the back wall and into each channel;a lens array including a plurality of lenses, said lens array being mounted to the front surface of the block so that one of the lenses is aligned with each channel;a plurality of fiber flanges secured to the back wall of the block so that a separate one of the flanges is aligned with each channel, each flange including a bore extending therethrough; anda plurality of hollow core fibers where a separate one of the fibers extends through the bore in one of the flanges and one of the bores in the back wall so that an end of the fiber is positioned within the channel, wherein a beam that propagates down the fiber is emitted into the channel, focused by the lens and emitted from the assembly as a collimated beam.2. The assembly according to wherein each channel is hermetically sealed.3. The assembly according to wherein the channels are filled with air or other gas.4. The assembly according to wherein the plurality of fibers form a ...

LOW BEND LOSS OPTICAL FIBER WITH A CHLORINE DOPED CORE AND OFFSET TRENCH

An optical fiber includes (i) a chlorine doped silica based core having a core alpha (Core)≥4, a radius r, and a maximum refractive index delta Δ% and (ii) a cladding surrounding the core. The cladding surrounding the core includes a) a first inner cladding region adjacent to and in contact with the core and having a refractive index delta Δ, a radius r, and a minimum refractive index delta Δsuch that Δ<Δ, b) a second inner cladding adjacent to and in contact with the first inner cladding having a refractive index Δ, a radius r, and a minimum refractive index delta Δsuch that Δ<Δ, and c) an outer cladding region surrounding the second inner cladding region and having a refractive index Δ, a radius r, and a minimum refractive index delta Δsuch that Δ<Δ. The optical fiber has a mode field diameter MFD at 1310 of ≥9 microns, a cable cutoff of ≤1260 nm, a zero dispersion wavelength of 1300 nm≤zero dispersion wavelength≤1324 nm, and a macrobending loss at 1550 nm for a 20 mm mandrel of less than 0.75 dB/turn. 1. A single mode optical fiber comprising:{'sub': α', '1', '1 max, '(i) a chlorine doped silica based core comprising a core alpha (Core)≥4, a radius rand a maximum refractive index delta Δ;'} [{'sub': 2', '2', '2 min', '2 min', '1 max, 'a. a first inner cladding region adjacent to and in contact with the core and having a refractive index delta Δ, a radius r, and a minimum refractive index delta Δsuch that Δ<Δ; and'}, {'sub': 5', 'max', '2 min', '5, 'b. an outer cladding region surrounding the second inner cladding region and having a refractive index Δand a radius r, such that Δ≥Δ;'}], '(ii) a cladding surrounding the core, the cladding comprising{'sub': '0', 'wherein the optical fiber has a mode field diameter MFD at 1310 of ≥9 microns, a cable cutoff of ≤1260 nm, a zero dispersion wavelength ranging from 1300 nm≤λ≤1324 nm, and a macrobending loss at 1550 nm for a 20 mm mandrel of less than 0.75 dB/turn.'}2. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , further ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

An optical fiber includes a core, a depressed inner cladding surrounding the core, and an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding, where a refractive index profile of the core includes an α power distribution in which an index α is 3.5 or more and 6 or less, a relative refractive index difference Δ of the inner cladding with respect to the adding is set such that an absolute value |Δ| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.045% or less, a radius r1 of the core and an outer circumference radius r2 of the inner cladding are set such that a ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.2 or more and 0.6 or less, a cable cutoff wavelength λof 22 m is 1260 nm or less, and a mode field diameter MFD at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 8.6 μm or more and 9.5 μm or less. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a core;a depressed inner cladding surrounding the core; andan outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding, a refractive index profile of the core comprises an α power distribution in which an index α is 3.5 or more and 6 or less,', {'sup': −', '−, 'a relative refractive index difference Δ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is set such that an absolute value |Δ| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.045% or less,'}, 'a radius r1 of the core and an outer circumference radius r2 of the inner cladding are set such that a ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.2 or more and 0.6 or less,', {'sub': 'cc', 'a cable cutoff wavelength λof 22 m is 1260 nm or less, and'}, 'a mode field diameter MFD at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 8.6 μm or more and 9.5 μm or less., 'wherein2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe refractive index profile of the core comprises an α power distribution in which an index α is 5 or more and 6 or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': −', '−, 'the relative refractive index difference Δ is set such that the absolute value |Δ| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.03% or less.'}4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe radius r1 and the outer ...

Method and Apparatus for Quantifying Solutions Comprised of Multiple Analytes

A multi-analyte sensor system based on hollow core photonic bandgap fiber and Raman anti-Stokes spectroscopy. The system includes: 120.-. (canceled)21. An analyzer system for determining the identity and concentration of at least one target analyte present in a gaseous or liquid sample utilizing the Raman optical scattering effect , the analyzer system comprising:(i) a laser light source emitting light which generates Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes emissions when incident on the target analyte; (a) a first inlet permitting introduction of a sample containing the target analyte into the HCPBG fibers; and', '(b) at least one reference calibrant in the HCPBG fibers, the reference calibrant corresponding to an analyte in the sample;, '(ii) one or more hollow core photonic band-gap (HCPBG) fibers optically connected to the laser light source, HCPBG fibers including(iii) a pump configured to inject the sample containing the target analyte into the core of the HCPBG fiber; and(iv) a spectral analysis system optically coupled to the HCPBG fibers and configured to derive the Raman anti-Stokes spectral peaks and/or spectra of the reference calibrant to establish a baseline response and account for cross sensitivities or spectral peak overlaps in the sample.22. The system of claim 21 , where the one or more HCPBG fibers comprise a single HCPBG fiber that has multiple hollow channels claim 21 , wherein at least one of the hollow channels is pre-filled with the reference calibrant.23. The system of claim 21 , where the one or more HCPBG fibers comprise two or more HCPBG fibers wound in parallel along a mandrel claim 21 , where at least one of the HCPBG fibers comprises the reference calibrant claim 21 , the system further comprising a coupler which switches the laser light source output from one fiber to the other.24. The system of claim 21 , where the one or more HCPBG fibers comprise a single HCPBG fiber having two or more parallel channels wound along a mandrel claim 21 , where ...

HOLLOW-CORE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER BASED BROADBAND RADIATION GENERATOR

A broadband radiation source device, including a fiber assembly having a plurality of optical fibers, each optical fiber being filled with a gas medium, wherein the broadband radiation source device is operable such that subsets of the optical fibers are independently selectable for receiving a beam of input radiation so as to generate a broadband output from only a subset of the plurality of optical fibers at any one time.

HALOGEN CO-DOPED OPTICAL FIBERS

A method of forming an optical fiber, including: exposing a soot core preform to a dopant gas at a pressure of from 1.5 atm to 40 atm, the soot core preform comprising silica, the dopant gas comprising a first halogen doping precursor and a second halogen doping precursor, the first halogen doping precursor doping the soot core preform with a first halogen dopant and the second halogen precursor doping the soot core preform with a second halogen dopant; and sintering the soot core preform to form a halogen-doped closed-pore body, the halogen-doped closed-pore body having a combined concentration of the first halogen dopant and the second halogen dopant of at least 2.0 wt %. 1. A method of forming an optical fiber , comprising:exposing a soot core preform to a dopant gas at a pressure of from 1.5 atm to 40 atm, the soot core preform comprising silica, the dopant gas comprising a first halogen doping precursor and a second halogen doping precursor, the first halogen doping precursor doping the soot core preform with a first halogen dopant and the second halogen precursor doping the soot core preform with a second halogen dopant; andsintering the soot core preform to form a halogen-doped closed-pore body, the halogen-doped closed-pore body having a combined concentration of the first halogen dopant and the second halogen dopant greater than 2.0 wt %.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first halogen dopant is Cl.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Cl dopant has a halogen co-doping ratio in a range from 20% to 90% in the halogen-doped closed-pore body.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second halogen dopant is Br.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combined concentration of the first halogen dopant and the second halogen dopant is in the range from 3.0 wt % to 8.0 wt %.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exposing of the soot core preform is performed at a temperature of from 1300° C. to 1550° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soot core preform is ...

Sol-Gel Cladding for Optical Fiber

Sol-gel methods, apparatus and compositions for cladding optical fiber cores provide optical fibers, including single crystal optical fiber cores with polycrystalline cladding, having improved performance in a variety of applications, such as fiber lasers. 1. A method of making an optical fiber , the method comprising:applying to an optical fiber core a coating of a sol-gel of material having a refractive index lower than that of the optical fiber core, forming a cladding precursor;evaporating solvent from the cladding precursor; andsintering the cladding precursor to form an optical fiber having a cladding comprising a concentric layer of the material on the optical fiber core.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber core is a single crystal fiber.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cladding is polycrystalline claim 1 , and the cladding of the core achieves substantially total internal reflection for the optical fiber.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the single crystal fiber core has an average diameter of about 150 μm.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the single crystal fiber core comprises a rare earth element or transition metal-doped YAG or CALGO.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cladding comprises an undoped YAG claim 5 , rare earth element or transition metal-doped YAG claim 5 , Al2O3 claim 5 , or CALGO.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel is applied to the optical fiber core by drawing the fiber core upward through a reservoir of the sol-gel at room temperature and ambient pressure.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the optical fiber core is drawn through the sol-gel at a rate of between about 5 mm/min to 50 mm/min.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the optical fiber core is drawn through the sol-gel at a rate of between about 10 mm/min to 35 mm/min.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel coating applied to the optical fiber core has a thickness of about 1μ to 10 μm.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sintering ...

Holey Fiber

A holey fiber includes a core portion and a cladding portion in which holes located in the outer periphery of the core portion and arranged around the core portion in layers, and a low refractive index layer having an internal diameter that is equal to or larger than four times a mode field radius of light in the core portion and having a refractive index lower than the core portion are formed. 1. A holey fiber comprising:a core portion; anda cladding portion in which a plurality of holes located in an outer periphery of the core portion and arranged around the core portion in layers, and a low refractive index layer having an internal diameter that is equal to or larger than four times a mode field radius of light in the core portion and having a refractive index lower than the core portion are formed.2. The holey fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the low refractive index layer is formed outside a region where the plurality of holes is formed.30. The holey fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the low refractive index layer is larger than μm claim 1 , and a relative refractive-index difference Δ with respect to the cladding portion is smaller than 0% and equal to or larger than −1.0% to (exclusive of 0%).4. The holey fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the low refractive index layer is 3 to 10 μm.5. The holey fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a bending loss of the holey fiber is smaller than a bending loss of a holey fiber having the core portion and the cladding portion but not having the low refractive index layer at a wavelength of 1550 nm.6. The holey fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of holes is arranged to form a triangular lattice claim 1 , d/Λ falls within a range of 0.45±0.2 claim 1 , and number of layers of the holes is two or more claim 1 , where diameters of the holes are d [μm] and a lattice constant of the triangular lattice is Λ [μm].7. The holey fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the d/Λ falls ...

MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL CABLE INCLUDING THE SAME

An embodiment of the invention relates to a MMF with a structure for enabling stable manufacture of the MMF suitable for wide-band multimode optical transmission, for realizing faster short-haul information transmission than before. In the MMF, when an input position of a DMD measurement pulse on an input end face is represented by a distance r from a center of a core with a radius a, a power of the DMD measurement pulse on an output end face with the input position r of the DMD measurement pulse being 0.8a is not more than 70% of a power of the DMD measurement pulse on the output end face with the input position r of the DMD measurement pulse being 0. 1. A multimode optical fiber comprising:an input end face;an output end face opposed to the input end face;a core with an outside diameter 2a extending from the input end face to the output end face and having an α-power refractive index profile; anda cladding provided on an outer peripheral surface of the core,wherein, when an input position of a DMD measurement pulse on the input end face is represented by a distance r from a center of the core,a power of the DMD measurement pulse on the output end face with the input position r of the DMD measurement pulse being 0.8a is not more than 70% of a power of the DMD measurement pulse on the output end face with the input position r of the DMD measurement pulse being 0.2. A multimode optical fiber comprising:an input end face;an output end face opposed to the input end face;a core with an outside diameter 2a extending from the input end face to the output end face and having an α-power refractive index profile;a cladding provided on an outer peripheral surface of the core; anda trench part provided between the core and the cladding and having a lower refractive index than the cladding,wherein, when an input position of a DMD measurement pulse on the input end face is represented by a distance r from a center of the core,a power of the DMD measurement pulse on the output ...

Fiber stretcher module for use in the 1550 nm wavelength range

Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to embodiments of the present invention relate to a fiber stretchers module for use in the 1550 nm wavelength range. In one embodiment of the present invention, a fiber stretcher module for use in the 1550 nm wavelength range comprises a first fiber comprising a relative dispersion curve value of greater than about 0.0002 nm −2 and a dispersion value of less than about −60 ps/(nm·km) at about 1550 nm, and a second fiber comprising a relative dispersion curve value of about zero and a relative dispersion slope value of about 0.003 nm −1 at about 1550 nm, wherein the fiber stretcher module comprises a collective relative dispersion slope of about 0.0413 nm −1 and a relative dispersion curve of about 0.00286 nm −2 at 1550 nm.

RANDOM AIR LINE ROD

A rod comprises an optically transmissive body having a length and a cross-section transverse to the length, with a maximum dimension along the cross-section that is from about 500 um to up to 10 cm, the optically transmissive body having air-filled lines, voids, or gas-filled lines that are distributed in a disordered manner over at least a central portion of the cross-section, desirably over the entire cross-section, whereby light launched into the body is confined in a direction transverse to the length of the body and is propagated along the length of the body. 1. A rod comprising:an optically transmissive body having a length and a cross-section transverse to the length with a maximum dimension along the cross-section that is from 500 μm to up to 10 cm, the optically transmissive body having air-filled lines, voids, or gas-filled lines or voids distributed in a disordered manner over at least a central portion of the cross-sectional area of the body and collectively extending along the entire length of the body, whereby light launched into the body within id central portion of the body is confined in a direction transverse to the length of the body and is propagated along the length of the body.2. The rod according to wherein the optically transmissive body has air-filled lines claim 1 , voids claim 1 , or gas-filled lines that are distributed in a disordered manner over the entire cross-section of the body claim 1 , whereby light launched into the body is confined in a direction transverse to the length of the body and is propagated along the length of the body.3. A rod according to claim 1 , wherein the optically transmissive body comprises glass.4. A rod according to claim 1 , wherein the optically transmissive body has a substantially circular or oval cross-sectional shape.5. A rod according to claim 1 , in which the various air-filled lines claim 1 , voids claim 1 , or gas-filled lines have diameters claim 1 , and said diameters are in the range of about ...

Optical Fiber Device Having Polymer Micronano Structure Integrated in Optical Fiber and Preparation Method Thereof

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of an optical fiber device having a polymer micronano structure integrated in an optical fiber, the method comprising: welding a hollow optical fiber so that the hollow optical fiber is welded between two solid optical fibers, ablating the welded hollow optical fiber utilizing a femtosecond laser ablation technology so that a channel vertical to an inner wall is ablated on the hollow optical fiber, filling a colorless and transparent liquid photoresist material inside the hollow optical fiber which has been ablated so that the inside of the hollow optical fiber is filled with the photoresist material, and polymerizing on the photoresist material inside the hollow optical fiber utilizing a femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization technology. 1. A preparation method of an optical fiber device having a polymer micronano structure integrated in an optical fiber , wherein the method comprises:welding a hollow optical fiber in such a way that the hollow optical fiber is welded between two solid optical fibers;ablating the welded hollow optical fiber utilizing a femtosecond laser ablation technology in such a way that a channel vertical to an inner wall is ablated on the hollow optical fiber;filling a colorless and transparent liquid photoresist material inside the hollow optical fiber which has been ablated in such a way that the inside of the hollow optical fiber is filled with the photoresist material;and polymerizing the photoresist material inside the hollow optical fiber utilizing a femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization technology, and washing the polymerized hollow optical fiber utilizing developing solution to obtain the optical fiber device having the polymer micronano structure integrated in the optical fiber.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hollow optical fiber has an outer diameter as same as outer diameters of the two solid optical fibers claim 1 , the hollow optical fiber has an inner ...

CONCENTRIC FIBER FOR SPACE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND METHOD OF USE

A space-division multiplexed optical fiber includes a relatively high refractive index optical core region surrounded by alternating regions of relatively low and relative high refractive index material, forming concentric high index rings around the core. The optical core region supports propagation of light along at least a first radial mode associated with the optical core region and a high index ring region supports propagation of light along at least a second radial mode associated with the high index ring region. The second radial mode is different from the first radial mode. 120-. (canceled)21. An optical communication system , comprising:a first transmitter unit to generate a first optical signal;a concentric spatial division multiplexed (SDM) fiber having a first core concentric with a second core, the second core radially separated within the concentric SDM fiber from the first core, the concentric SDM fiber having a first end and a second end;a first spatial multiplexer/demultiplexer disposed on a path of the first optical signal from the first transmitter unit to a first end of the concentric SDM fiber;a first receiver unit disposed to receive the first optical signal after the first optical signal has propagated along the first core of the SDM fiber from the first transmitter;a second spatial multiplexer/demultiplexer disposed on a path of the first optical signal from a second end of the concentric SDM fiber to the first receiver unit;a second transmitter unit to generate a second optical signal;a second receiver unit disposed to receive the second optical signal after the second optical signal has propagated along the second core of the SDM fiber from the second transmitter and through the first and second spatial multiplexer/demultiplexers.22. The system as recited in claim 21 , wherein the second transmitter unit is disposed to direct the second optical signal into the first end of the concentric SDM fiber and the second receiver unit is disposed to ...

LOW BEND LOSS SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER WITH CHLORINE UPDOPED CLADDING

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a central core region, a first (inner) cladding region surrounding the central core region and having an outer radius r>16 microns and relative refractive index Δ, and a second (outer) cladding region surrounding the first cladding region having relative refractive index, 4, wherein Δ>Δ>Δ. The difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.12 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r/ris greater or equal to 0.24 and bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', '1, '(i) a central core region having outer radius rand refractive index 4'} [{'sub': 2', '2', '1', '2, '(a) a first cladding region having an outer radius 25 microns>r>16 microns and relative refractive index 4, wherein the ratio of r/ris larger than 0.24 and'}, {'sub': 3', '3', '1', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3, '(b) a second cladding region surrounding the first cladding region and having a relative refractive index Δand an outer radius r, wherein the second cladding region comprises at least 1.2 wt % chlorine (Cl), and wherein Δ>Δ>Δand wherein the difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.12%, and Δ>0.12%;'}], '(ii) a cladding surrounding the central core region, the cladding comprisingand said fiber exhibits a mode field diameter MFD>9 microns at a 1310 nm wavelength; and bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.13%.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δand Δis between 0.12% and 0.25%.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the central core region of said fiber exhibits an alpha less than 10.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , said fiber further exhibiting a ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

The present invention relates to an optical fiber which can improve OSNR in an optical transmission system in which Raman amplification and an EDFA are combined. With respect to the optical fiber, a predetermined conditional formula is satisfied by an effective area Aeff[μm] at a wavelength of 1450 nm, a transmission loss α[/km] at a wavelength of 1450 nm, and a transmission loss α[dB/km] at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Further, with respect to the optical fiber, another predetermined conditional formula is satisfied by an effective area Aeff[μm] at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and a transmission loss α[/km] at a wavelength of 1550 nm. 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein each of the core and the cladding is configured to satisfy the following formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 1550', '1550, 'Aeff·α>2.2'}{'sub': 1550', '1550, 'sup': '2', 'where Aeff[μm] is an effective area at a wavelength of 1550 nm; and α[/km] is a transmission loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm.'}3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission loss αat a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.17 dB/km or less.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein an effective area Aeffat a wavelength of 1550 nm is 70 μmto 160 μm.5. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a transmission loss αat a wavelength of 1450 nm is 0.19 dB/km to 0.22 dB/km.6. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the effective area Aeffat a wavelength of 1450 nm is 60 μmto 140 μm.7. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to pure silica is −0.1% to +0.1%.8. The optical fiber according to claim 7 , wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to a reference area of the cladding is 0.18% to 0.45% claim 7 , and a diameter of the core is 9 μm to 15 μm.9. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a fiber cutoff wavelength is 1600 nm or less.10. The optical fiber according to claim 9 , wherein the ...

OPTICAL FIBERS HAVING A VARYING CLAD INDEX AND METHODS OF FORMING SAME

An optical fiber with low attenuation and methods of making same are disclosed. The optical fiber has a core, an inner cladding surround the core, and an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding. The outer cladding is chlorine-doped such that the relative refractive index varies as a function of radius. The radially varying relative refractive index profile of the outer cladding reduces excess stress in the core and inner cladding, which helps lower fiber attenuation while also reducing macrobend and microbend loss. A process of fabricating the optical fiber includes doping an overclad soot layer of a soot preform with chlorine and then removing a portion of the chlorine dopant from an outermost region of the overclad soot layer. The soot preform with the modified chlorine dopant profile is then sintered to form a glass preform, which can then be used for drawing the optical fiber. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', '1', '1MAX, 'a core having an outer radius rand a relative refractive index Δ(r) having a maximum value Δ, the core being centered on a central axis and having an alpha value greater than 1;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'an inner cladding surrounding the core and having a relative refractive index Δand an outer radius rgreater than 9 microns;'}{'sub': 3', '3', 'MAX', '3MAX', '2', 'MIN', '3MIN', 'MIN', 'MAX, 'an outer cladding immediately surrounding the inner cladding and having an outer radius rand a relative refractive index Δ(r) that includes at a radius r=r, a maximum relative refractive index Δ>Δ, and that includes at a radius r=r, a minimum relative refractive index Δ, wherein r>r;'}{'sub': 1MAX', '3MAX', '2, 'claim-text': [{'sub': 3MAX', '2, 'ii) Δ−Δ>0.005 Δ%;'}, {'sub': 3MAX', '3MIN, 'iii) Δ−Δ≧0.01 Δ%; and'}], 'wherein: i) Δ>Δ>Δ;'}wherein the outer cladding comprises chlorine doped silica with a chlorine concentration C that varies with the radial coordinate.2. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the alpha value is less than 10.3. An ...

Mode filtering optical fibre

A microstructured optical fiber has periodically arranged high-index rods embedded in a low-index background, a high-index ring surrounding the high-index rods, and a high-index core located at the center. The high-index rods and the low-index background forms a microstructured cladding region which supports the guidance of supermodes. The fundamental and the highest supermodes form a cladding-mode band, wherein at least the effective index of a core mode lies in the cladding-mode band. Also provided is a technique for selectively filtering the fiber modes, to selectively filter out one or some of the high-order modes with the other modes still guided in the core with low loss. The cascade of optical fibers can filter out a group of fiber modes, marking guidance of a single high-order mode in a few-mode optical fiber possible.

Technique For Fabricating A Multistructure Core Rod Used In Formation Of Hollow Core Optical Fibers

A process of fabricating the microstructure core rod preform used in the fabrication of a hollow core optical fiber includes the step of applying external pressure to selected hollow regions during the drawing of the preform from the initial assembly of capillary tubes. The application of pressure assists the selected hollow regions in maintaining their shape as much as possible during draw, and reduces distortions in the microstructure cells in close proximity to the core by controlling glass distribution during MCR draw. 1. A method for fabricating a microstructure core rod comprising the steps ofarranging a plurality of capillary tubes in a matrix of a preform assembly;drawing the preform assembly into the microstructure core rod by heating and collapsing the plurality of capillary tubes to fuse together, wherein during the drawing step, performing the step ofapplying an external pressure to one or more selected hollow regions in the preform assembly sufficient to control glass distribution among the fusing capillary tubes.2. The method as defined in wherein the preform assembly is arranged as a photonic bandgap assembly byremoving a plurality of centrally-located capillary tubes to define a hollow core region of a predetermined size, defined as an N-pitch cladding diameter, where N is the number of capillary tubes removed across a central axis of the assembly; andinserting a core tube within the hollow core region.3. The method as defined in wherein the external pressure is applied to a hollow core region and controlled to create a core size of a predetermined ratio of final diameter to original N-pitch cladding diameter.4. The method as defined in wherein the selected hollow regions comprise a set of cells surrounding and contacting the hollow core region claim 2 , each cell defined by a pair of nodes contacting the core tube and a strut extending between the pair of nodes.5. The method as defined in wherein the external pressure is applied to the hollow core ...

HOLLOW CORE PHOTONIC BANDGAP OPTICAL FIBRES AND METHODS OF FABRICATION

A hollow core photonic bandgap optical fibre comprises: a cladding comprising capillaries in a hexagonal array and a hollow core formed by excluding a hexagonal group of nineteen capillaries from the centre of the hexagonal array. The core is inflated. A core size ratio is 1.26 or above, defined as a ratio of the core diameter to the cladding diameter normalized to the ratio of the core diameter to the cladding diameter in an undistorted hexagonal array; a first ring ratio is between 0.55 and 2.50, defined as a ratio of the length of radially aligned struts separating the capillaries of the first ring to the length of a strut in an undistorted hexagonal array; and a core node spacing is between 0.60 and 1.90, where defined as a ratio of a strut length around the core of a largest corner capillary and a strut length around the core of a smallest side capillary. The fabrication method comprises four different pressures for the core, corner capillary, side capillary and cladding. 1. A hollow core photonic bandgap optical fibre comprising:a cladding comprising capillaries in a hexagonal array, the capillaries separated from each other by struts connected at nodes, the cladding having a cladding diameter; anda hollow core formed by excluding a hexagonal group of nineteen capillaries from the centre of the hexagonal array, the core having a core diameter; whereinthe core is bounded by a first ring of capillaries comprising corner capillaries disposed adjacent to corners of the excluded group and side capillaries positioned between the corner capillaries;and the hexagonal array has dimensions such that: 'where the core size ratio is defined as a ratio of the core diameter to the cladding diameter normalized to the ratio of the core diameter to the cladding diameter in an optical fibre formed from the same number and arrangement of capillaries in an undistorted hexagonal array;', 'a core size ratio is 1.26 or above;'} 'where the first ring ratio is defined as a ratio of the ...

Wavelength Flexibility through Variable-Period Poling of Optical Fiber

A fiber laser system includes a high power pump laser, an optical fiber that is aligned to receive output from the high power pump laser. The fiber laser system includes a first pair of orthogonally opposed, periodic electrode structures longitudinally aligned on opposite first and second sides of the optical fiber. The fiber laser system includes a controller that is communicatively coupled to the first pair of periodic electrode structures. The controller performs variable period poling of the first pair of periodic electrode structures to achieve quasi-phase matching (QPM). 1. A fiber laser system comprising:a high power pump laser;an optical fiber that is aligned to receive output from the high power pump laser;a first pair of orthogonally opposed, periodic electrode structures aligned on opposite first and second sides of the optical fiber; anda controller communicatively coupled to the first pair of periodic electrode structures and that performs dynamically adjustable period poling of the first pair of periodic electrode structures to achieve quasi-phase matching (QPM) with wavelength agility.2. The fiber laser system of claim 1 , further comprising:a seed laser that emits one of a seed laser beam at one of a signal wavelength and an idler wavelength; andan optical combiner that combines the output from the high power pump laser and the seed laser, wherein the fiber laser system is configured as an optical parametric amplifier (OPA).3. The fiber laser system of claim 1 , further comprising two opposing mirrors positioned on opposite axial sides of the optical fiber to form an optical cavity claim 1 , wherein the fiber laser system is configured as an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).4. The fiber laser system of claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber comprise a nonlinear optical crystal that generates an output containing a signal and an idler claim 1 , wherein the fiber laser system is configured as an optical parametric generator (OPG).5. The fiber laser ...

ADJUSTABLE BEAM CHARACTERISTICS

Disclosed herein are methods, apparatus, and systems for providing an optical beam delivery device, comprising a first length of fiber comprising a first RIP formed to enable modification of one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam by a perturbation device and a second length of fiber having a second RIP coupled to the first length of fiber, the second RIP formed to confine at least a portion of the modified beam characteristics of the optical beam within one or more confinement regions. 1. An optical beam delivery device , comprising:a first length of fiber comprising a first refractive index profile (RIP) formed to enable modification of two or more beam characteristics of an optical beam by a perturbation device; anda second length of fiber having a second RIP coupled to the first length of fiber, the second RIP formed to confine at least a portion of the modified beam characteristics of the optical beam within one or more confinement regions, wherein the first RIP and the second RIP are different.2. The optical beam delivery device of wherein the second length of fiber comprises at least two confinement regions.3. The optical beam delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the perturbation device is coupled to the first length of fiber or integral with the first length of fiber or a combination thereof.4. The optical beam delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the first length of fiber comprises a graded-index RIP in at least a radially central portion and the second length of fiber has a first confinement region comprising a central core and a second confinement region that is annular and encompasses the first confinement region.5. The optical beam delivery device of claim 4 , wherein the first confinement region and the second confinement region are separated by a cladding structure having a refractive index that is lower than the indexes of first confinement region and the second confinement region.6. The optical beam delivery device of claim 5 , wherein ...

BACKLIGHT UNIT AND DISPLAY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A display apparatus includes a display panel which displays an image and a backlight unit which provides light to the display panel. The backlight unit includes a bottom chassis, a driving substrate, a laser light source, an optical unit, and an optical fiber. The bottom chassis includes a bottom surface and a sidewall. The laser light source emits laser light to the sidewall. The optical unit has an incident surface having a first area and into which the laser light from the laser light source is incident and an emission surface having a second area less than the first area and from which the laser light is emitted. The optical fiber receives the laser light from the emission surface, an end of the optical fiber is connected to the emission surface, recessed patterns are defined on the optical fiber, and the laser light is emitted through the recessed patterns. 1. A display apparatus comprising:a display panel which displays an image; anda backlight unit which provides light to the display panel,wherein the backlight unit comprises:a bottom chassis comprising a bottom surface and a sidewall bent from the bottom surface;a driving substrate disposed in the bottom chassis;a laser light source connected to the driving substrate and which emits laser light;an optical unit comprising an incident surface having a first area, and an emission surface having a second area less than the first area, wherein the laser light emitted from the laser light source is incident into the incident surface, and the laser light is emitted from the emission surface; andan optical fiber which receives the laser light emitted from the optical unit, wherein an end of the optical fiber is connected to the emission surface, recessed patterns are defined on the optical fiber, and the laser light is emitted through the recessed patterns.2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , whereinthe laser light source comprises first to third laser light sources,wherein each of the first to third laser light ...

WIDEBAND MULTIMODE CO-DOPED OPTICAL FIBER EMPLOYING GeO2 AND Al2O3 DOPANTS

The wideband multimode co-doped optical fiber has a silica core co-doped with GeOand AlO. The GeOconcentration is maximum at the fiber centerline and monotonically decreases radially out to the core radius. The AlOconcentration is minimum at the centerline and monotonically increases radially out to maximum concentration at the core radius. The cladding has an inner cladding region of relative refractive index Δ2, an intermediate cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ3, and an outer cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ4, wherein Δ3<Δ2, Δ4. The optical fiber has a bandwidth BW≥5 GHz·km with a peak wavelength λwithin a wavelength range of 800 nm to 1200 nm and over a wavelength band Δλ of at least 100 nm. 1. A wideband multimode co-doped optical fiber having a centerline and comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3, 'a core of radius r1 and comprising silica and co-doped with a first concentration of GeOand a second concentration of AlO, wherein the first concentration of GeOhas a first maximum concentration at the centerline and monotonically decreases radially out to the radius r1 and wherein the second concentration of AlOhas a minimum at the centerline and monotonically increases radially out to a second maximum concentration at the radius r1, wherein the first maximum concentration is in a range from 5 wt % to 25 wt % and the second maximum concentration is in a range from 1 wt % to 10 wt %;'}{'sub': 'MIN', 'a cladding immediately surrounding the core and comprising silica, the glass cladding having an inner cladding region of relative refractive index Δ2, an intermediate cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ3, and an outer cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ4, wherein Δ3<Δ2, Δ4; and'}{'sub': 'P', 'a wavelength band Δλ of at least 100 nm, the wavelength band Δλ having a peak wavelength λin a wavelength range from 800 nm to 1200 nm and a bandwidth BW≥5 GHz·km.'}2. The wideband multimode co-doped ...

MICROLAYER COEXTRUSION OF OPTICAL END PRODUCTS

The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. 142-. (canceled)43. A tubular device comprising co-extruded micro- to nano-polymer annular layers in a seamless tubular shape wherein the annular layers include at least one photovoltaic material and at least one layer allows for the passage of light.44. The tubular device according to claim 43 , wherein the device comprises multiple streams of layered material or non-layered-material.45. The tubular device according to claim 43 , wherein the device comprises multiple streams that are merged claim 43 , folded claim 43 , bent or wrapped.46. The tubular device according to claim 44 , wherein the device comprises multiple streams forming radial stems.47. The tubular device according to claim 46 , wherein said stems are tapered radially inwards.48. The tubular device according to claim 46 , wherein said stems are tapered radially outwards.49. The tubular device according to claim 46 , wherein the stems have constant thicknesses.50. The tubular device according to claim 46 , wherein the stems have different thicknesses.51. The tubular device according to claim 43 , wherein said device is a photonic crystal fiber.52. The tubular device according to claim 43 , wherein said device bends light.53. The tubular device according to claim 43 , wherein said device transmits light through a tube.54. The tubular device according to claim 43 , wherein at least one layer contains a conducting material.55. The tubular device according to claim 43 , which contains a core or substrate.56. The tubular device according to wherein the core is hollow. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/692,225 filed Nov. 22, 2019, which is a continuation of U. ...

WAVEGUIDE APPARATUSES AND METHODS

Optical fiber waveguides and related approaches are implemented to facilitate communication. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments, a waveguide has a substrate including a lattice structure having a plurality of lattice regions with a dielectric constant that is different than that of the substrate, a defect in the lattice, and one or more deviations from the lattice. The defect acts with trapped transverse modes (e.g., magnetic and/or electric modes) and facilitates wave propagation along a longitudinal direction while confining the wave transversely. The deviation(s) from the lattice produces additional modes and/or coupling effects. 1. An optical fiber waveguide comprising: a lattice that includes a plurality of lattice regions having a second, different dielectric constant;', {'sub': 'SOL', 'a longitudinally-extending defect in the lattice that acts with trapped transverse modes including at least one of a magnetic mode and an electric mode, the defect being configured and arranged to facilitate wave propagation along the longitudinal direction while confining the wave transversely and in which a corresponding phase velocity equals the speed of light (TM); and'}, 'a set of one or more deviations from the lattice configured and arranged to produce at least one of additional modes and coupling options for the waveguide, the deviations having physical properties that are bounded by a figure of merit., 'a substrate having a first dielectric constant and that includes'}2. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein longitudinally-extending defect acts with transverse electric modes.3. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the additional modes are predominantly surface type modes.4. The waveguide of claim 3 , wherein the additional modes are configured and arranged to communicate or transport data or particles using different wavelengths of light for the additional surface type modes claim 3 , thereby increasing data bandwidth.5. The waveguide of claim ...

SHUNT FIBER

Shunt fibers having a photonic bandgap cladding region including one or more hollow guiding regions of which one guiding region is configured as the core and one or more other guiding regions are configured as shunts, respectively, provide nearly single mode transmission in the core. The effective mode index of unwanted core modes and modes in one or more shunts are matched closely enough such that higher order modes will selectively couple to the shunt modes by resonant phase matching in the presence of fiber variations. The shunts are designed to have relatively higher losses thereby effectively dissipating power in the higher order modes at a faster rate. 1. An optical fiber comprising: a first hollow guiding region, configured as a core to support a signal mode and at least one unwanted mode, and', 'wherein a substantial index-mismatch exists between the signal mode and any of the plurality of shunt modes at substantially all positions along the fiber, such that coupling of the signal mode over the total length of fiber is small.', 'a second hollow guiding region configured to support a plurality of modes as shunt modes, wherein an effective index difference between the at least one unwanted mode and at least one shunt mode is smaller than an effective index difference between the signal mode and any of the plurality of shunt modes, such that selective coupling of the at least one unwanted mode to the at least one shunt mode is preferred over coupling of the signal mode to any of the plurality of shunt modes,'}], 'a photonic band gap cladding region including an array of lattice holes, said cladding region further comprising2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the coupling of the at least one unwanted mode to the at least one shunt mode suppresses transmission of said unwanted mode.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the signal mode is transmitted as a fundamental core mode claim 1 , and wherein said coupling allows for the optical fiber to function ...

UNIFORM UV EFFICIENT LIGHT DIFFUSING FIBER

Light diffusing optical fibers for use in ultraviolet illumination applications and which have a uniform color gradient that is angularly independent are disclosed herein along with methods for making such fibers. The light diffusing fibers are composed of a silica-based glass core that is coated with a number of layers including a scattering layer. 1. A light diffusing comprising:a. a core comprising a silica-based glass comprising scattering defects; andb. a scattering layer surrounding the core, the scattering layer comprising nano- to microscale voids or nano or microparticles of a scattering material in a polymer matrix;such that when light is propagating through the light diffusing fiber the intensity of the emitted radiation does not vary by more than about ±30% for all viewing-angles from about 15° to about 150° relative to the direction of propagation of the light in the light diffusing optical fiber.2. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the light diffusing optical fiber emits light having an intensity along the fiber that does not vary by more than about ±20%.3. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the scattering induced attenuation loss comprises from about 0.1 dB/m to about 50 dB/m at a wavelength from about 300 nm to about 450 nm.4. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a plurality of randomly distributed voids.5. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cladding comprises a polymer.6. The light diffusing fiber of claim 5 , wherein the cladding comprises CPC6.7. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the scattering layer comprises a polymer.8. The light diffusing fiber of claim 7 , wherein the scattering layer comprises CPC6.9. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles comprise SiOor Zr.10. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , further comprising a light emitting device that emits light with a wavelength from about 300 nm to about 450 nm into ...

METHOD OF ASSEMBLING OPTICAL FIBER PREFORMS

The present disclosure provides optical fiber preforms formed from core canes having large core-clad ratio, intermediate core-cladding assemblies, and methods for making the preforms and core cladding assemblies. The preforms are made from core canes having a contoured end surface. The contoured end surface(s) include a depression that acts to reduce the stress that develops at the junction of the end surface of the core cane with a soot cladding monolith arising from differences in the coefficient of thermal expansions of the core can and soot cladding monolith. The contoured end surface(s) leads to preforms having low defect concentration and low probability of failure during fiber draw. 1. A core-cladding assembly comprising:a porous soot cladding monolith, said porous soot cladding monolith including a first porous cladding glass layer surrounding an internal cavity, said porous soot cladding monolith having a first coefficient of thermal expansion, said internal cavity including a first entrance;a consolidated glass body positioned in said internal cavity, said consolidated glass body having a second coefficient of thermal expansion and a first end surface within said internal cavity, said first end surface facing said first entrance and including a first depression.2. The core-cladding assembly of claim 1 , wherein said consolidated glass body comprises doped silica.3. The core-cladding assembly of claim 1 , wherein said first porous cladding glass layer is in direct contact with said consolidated glass body.4. The core-cladding assembly of claim 2 , wherein said consolidated glass body has a core-clad ratio of at least 0.70.5. The core-cladding assembly of claim 1 , wherein said second coefficient of thermal expansion is greater than said first coefficient of thermal expansion.6. The core-cladding assembly of claim 1 , wherein said first depression has an ellipsoidal claim 1 , conical claim 1 , hemispherical claim 1 , annular claim 1 , cylindrical claim 1 , ...

SMALL CORE-DIAMETER GRADED-INDEX OPTICAL FIBER

A small core-diameter graded-index optical fiber include a core layer and a cladding having an inner cladding layer, a depressed cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside thereof. The core layer has a parabolic refractive index profile with a distribution index in a range of 1.9-2.1, a radius in a range of 10-21 μm, and a Δ1 max in a range of 0.7-1.7% at a core layer center, and is a silica glass layer co-doped with germanium, phosphorus, and fluoride. The inner cladding layer is a pure silica layer or an F-doped silica glass layer, and has a unilateral width in a range of 0.5-5 μm and a Δ2 in a range of −0.4-0%. The depressed cladding layer has a unilateral width in a range of 2-10 μm and a Δ3 in a range from −0.8% to −0.2%. The outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer. 1. A small core-diameter graded-index optical fiber , comprising:a core layer and a cladding that includes an inner cladding layer, a depressed cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside thereof,wherein the core layer has a parabolic refractive index profile with a distribution index α in a range from 1.9 to 2.1, a radius R1 in a range from 10 to 21 μm, and a maximum relative refractive index difference Δ1 max in a range from 0.7% to 1.7% at a core layer center, and is a silica glass layer co-doped with germanium Ge, phosphorus P, and fluoride F;wherein the inner cladding layer is a pure silica layer or an F-doped silica glass layer, and has a unilateral width R2−R1 in a range from 0.5 to 5 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ2 in a range from −0.4% to 0%;wherein the depressed cladding layer has a unilateral width R3−R2 in a range from 2 to 10 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ3 in a range from −0.8% to −0.2%; andwherein the outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer.2. The small core-diameter graded-index optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein P and Ge are used as positive dopants in the core layer claim ...

MULTI-MODE OPTICAL FIBER AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Methods of manufacturing multi-mode optical fiber, and multi-mode optical fiber produced thereby, are disclosed. According to embodiments, a method for forming an optical fiber may include heating a multi-mode optical fiber preform and applying a draw tension to a root of the multi-mode optical fiber preform on a long axis of the multi-mode optical fiber preform thereby drawing a multi-mode optical fiber from the root of the multi-mode optical fiber preform. The draw tension may be modulated while the multi-mode optical fiber is drawn from the root of the multi-mode optical fiber preform. Modulating the draw tension introduces stress perturbations in the multi-mode optical fiber and corresponding refractive index perturbations in a core of the multi-mode optical fiber. 1. A method for forming an optical fiber comprising:heating a multi-mode optical fiber preform;applying a draw tension to a root of the multi-mode optical fiber preform on a long axis of the multi-mode optical fiber preform thereby drawing a multi-mode optical fiber from the root of the multi-mode optical fiber preform; andmodulating the draw tension while the multi-mode optical fiber is drawn from the root of the multi-mode optical fiber preform, wherein modulating the draw tension introduces stress perturbations in the multi-mode optical fiber and corresponding refractive index perturbations in a core of the multi-mode optical fiber.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the draw tension is periodically modulated.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the draw tension is aperiodically modulated.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stress perturbations in the multi-mode optical fiber have a pitch greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 50 mm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein modulating the draw tension comprises increasing the draw tension by greater than or equal to 1 gram and less than or equal to 50 grams.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a diameter variation of the multi-mode ...

HOLLOW-CORE OPTICAL FIBERS

An anti-resonant hollow-core fiber comprising a first tubular, cladding element which defines an internal cladding surface, a plurality of second tubular elements which are attached to the cladding surface and together define a core with an effective radius, the second tubular elements being arranged in spaced relation and adjacent ones of the second tubular elements having a spacing therebetween, and a plurality of third tubular elements, each nested within a respective one of the second tubular elements. 153-. (canceled)54. An anti-resonant hollow-core fiber comprising a first tubular , cladding element which defines an internal cladding surface , a plurality of second tubular elements which are attached to the cladding surface and together define a core with an effective radius , the second tubular elements being arranged in spaced relation and adjacent ones of the second tubular elements having a spacing therebetween , and a plurality of third tubular elements , each nested within a respective one of the second tubular elements to provide nested tubular arrangements.55. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein (i) the nested tubular arrangements are arranged in symmetrical relation at the cladding surface claim 54 , and/or (ii) one or more of the tubular elements have different sectional shape.56. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein (i) the first tubular element is circular in section claim 54 , and/or (ii) the second tubular elements are circular in section or have a longer dimension in a radial direction than a tangential direction claim 54 , optionally elliptical or oval in section.57. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein the tubular elements are formed of glass claim 54 , optionally silica claim 54 , optionally the tubular elements are formed of glass having a refractive index of at least about 1.4 claim 54 , optionally about 1.4 to about 3 claim 54 , optionally about 1.4 to about 2.8.58. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein the second tubular elements are attached to the first ...

OPTICAL FIBER FOR FIBER BRAGG GRATING

An optical fiber having a composition that is most suitable from the viewpoint of filter formation time and filter properties of slanted fiber grating (SFG) is provided. An optical fiber made of silica-based glass comprises a core region, which does not contain GeOand includes the optical axis, and a cladding region formed around the core region. The cladding region has a refractive index smaller than that of the core region and contains GeOof 6.8 wt % or more. SFG made with the optical fiber enables base loss of 2 dB or less, peak wavelength shift of 1.2 nm or less, and change of 0.2 nm or less in width at half maximum. 1. An optical fiber made of silica-based glass , comprising:a core region including an optical axis of the fiber and{'sub': '2', 'a cladding region formed around the core region, the cladding region having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the core region and containing GeOhaving a concentration of 6.8 wt % or more at least at a part thereof.'}2. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe concentration is 7.4% or less.3. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe concentration is 8.7% or less.4. An optical fiber according to claim 2 , whereinsaid part of the cladding region has an outer diameter, the outer diameter being 1.5 to 4.0 times larger than a mode field diameter at a wavelength in the C-band.5. An optical fiber according to claim 3 , whereinsaid part of the cladding region has an outer diameter, the outer diameter being 1.5 to 4.0 times larger than a mode field diameter at a wavelength in the C-band.6. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'said part of the cladding region includes an inner circumference and an outer circumference around the inner circumference, the concentration of GeOat the inner circumference is larger than the concentration of GeOat the outer circumference, and the difference between the GeOconcentration at the inner circumference and the ...

Wavelength flexibility through variable-period poling of a compact cylindrical optical fiber assembly

A cylindrical electrode module of a fiber optic laser system includes an inner cylinder having an inner repeating pattern of longitudinally-aligned positive and negative electrodes on an outer surface of the inner cylinder. The cylindrical electrode mode includes an outer cylinder that encloses the inner cylinder. The outer cylinder that has an outer repeating pattern of longitudinally-aligned negative and positive electrodes on an inner surface of the inner cylinder that are in corresponding and complementary, parallel alignment with the positive and negative electrodes of the inner repeating pattern on the outer surface of the inner cylinder. The cylindrical electrode module includes an optical fiber having an input end configured to align with and be optically coupled to a pump laser. The optical fiber is wrapped around the inner cylinder within the outer cylinder to form a cylindrical fiber assembly. The electrodes are activated to achieve quasi-phase matching. 1. A cylindrical electrode module for a fiber optic laser system , the cylindrical electrode module comprising:an inner cylinder comprising an inner additively printed substrate having an inner repeating pattern of longitudinally-aligned positive and negative electrodes on an outer surface of the inner cylinder;an outer cylinder that encloses the inner cylinder and comprises an outer additively printed substrate having an outer repeating pattern of longitudinally-aligned negative and positive electrodes on an inner surface of the inner cylinder that are in corresponding and complementary, parallel alignment with the positive and negative electrodes of the inner repeating pattern on the outer surface of the inner cylinder;an optical fiber having: (i) an output end; and (ii) an input end configured to align with and be optically coupled to a high power pump laser, the optical fiber wrapped around the inner cylinder within the outer cylinder to form a cylindrical fiber assembly, the output end extending out ...

Large Scale Optical Switch using Asymmetric 1x2 Elements

An optical switching arrangement includes a plurality of input and output waveguides. Each of the input waveguides has a first plurality of 1×2 optical switches associated therewith and extending therealong. Each of the output waveguides has a second plurality of 1×2 optical switches associated therewith and extending therealong. Each of the first and second plurality of optical switches is selectively switchable between a through-state and a cross-state. The input and output waveguides are arranged such that optical losses arising for any wavelength of light only depend on a length of segments of the input and output waveguides located between adjacent ones of the 1×2 optical switches. Each of the first plurality of optical switches associated with each of the input waveguides is optically coupled to one of the second plurality of optical switches in a different one of the output waveguides when both optical switches are in the cross-state. 1. An optical switching arrangement , comprising:a plurality of input waveguides, each of the input waveguides having a first plurality of 1×2 optical switches associated therewith and extending therealong;a plurality of output waveguides, each of the output waveguides having a second plurality of 1×2 optical switches associated therewith and extending therealong;each of the optical switches in the first and second plurality of optical switches being selectively switchable between first and second states such that in a first state each optical switch allows light propagating in the input or output waveguide with which it is associated to continue propagating therethrough undisturbed without encountering any intervening mode perturbing structures between adjacent ones of the 1×2 switches and in a second state each optical switch couples light into or out of the input or output waveguide with which it is associated; andwherein each of the first plurality of optical switches associated with each of the input waveguides is optically ...

FLOW CELL AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC UNIT HAVING SAME

A flow cell and a liquid chromatographic unit are provided. The flow cell includes a housing, a cell core, a liquid-core waveguide, an inlet connection assembly and an outlet connection assembly. The cell core is provided in the housing, and is provided with a liquid feed recess, a liquid channel and a liquid discharge recess therein. The liquid-core waveguide is provided in the liquid channel. The inlet connection assembly is provided at an end of the cell core, and includes an inlet press block, a liquid feed tube, and a light entering tube. The outlet connection assembly is arranged at another end of the cell core and is provided with a light exit hole. 1. A flow cell , comprising:a housing defining an installation cavity;a cell core arranged in the installation cavity and provided with a liquid channel, a liquid feed recess, and a liquid discharge recess therein, wherein the liquid feed recess and the liquid discharge recess are formed at opposite sides of the cell core, and two ends of the liquid channel are respectively connected to the liquid feed recess and the liquid discharge recess;a liquid-core waveguide fitted in the liquid channel and configured to circulate liquid and to propagate light; an inlet press block pressed against an end of the cell core provided with the liquid feed recess;', 'a liquid feed tube penetrating through the inlet press block and in communication with the liquid feed recess; and', 'a light entering tube penetrating through the inlet press block and in communication with the liquid feed recess; and, 'an inlet connection assembly, comprisingan outlet connection assembly pressed against an end of the cell core provided with the liquid discharge recess, wherein the outlet connection assembly is provided with a light exit hole facing towards the liquid discharge recess, in such a manner that light passes through the light entering tube, the liquid feed recess, the liquid-core waveguide, the liquid discharge recess, and the light exit ...

HOLLOW-CORE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER BASED OPTICAL COMPONENT FOR BROADBAND RADIATION GENERATION

Optical components and methods of manufacture thereof. A first optical component has a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber includes internal capillaries for guiding radiation and an outer capillary sheathing the internal capillaries; and at least an output end section having a larger inner cross-sectional dimension over at least a portion of the output end section than an inner cross-sectional dimension of the outer capillary along a central portion of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber prior to the output end section. A second optical component includes a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and a sleeve arrangement. 1. An optical component , comprising:a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber comprising internal capillaries for guiding radiation and an outer capillary sheathing the internal capillaries; andat least an output end section having a larger inner cross-sectional dimension over at least a portion of the output end section than an inner cross-sectional dimension of the outer capillary along a central portion of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber prior to the output end section.2. The optical component according to claim 1 , wherein the output end section is configured such that divergent radiation emitted from the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is not blocked by the output end section in an axial propagation direction.3. The optical component according to claim 1 , wherein internal capillaries of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber are collapsed to define a tapered core region at each end of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber claim 1 , the tapered core region comprising a region where a hollow core of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber has an increasing cross-sectional dimension towards each end of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.4. The optical component according to claim 1 , further comprising:an input end section;first and second transparent end caps sealing respective ends of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber; anda gas ...