ОДНОМОДОВЫЙ ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ВОЛНОВОД (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ОДНОМОДОВОГО ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ВОЛНОВОДА

Одномодовый волоконно-оптический волновод имеет периодические возмущения в сердцевине для создания двойного лучепреломления, которое обеспечивает смешивание поляризационных мод проходящего по волноводу света. В сердцевину также введены возмущения для управления полной дисперсией. В результате полная дисперсия в заранее заданных сегментах волновода меняет знак так, что алгебраическая сумма произведений полной дисперсии на длину равна заранее выбранной величине. Два различных типа возмущения сердцевины служат для управления как дисперсией поляризационной моды, так и полной дисперсией. Обеспечена низкая дисперсия и малое затухание. 3 с. и 11 з.п.ф-лы, 4 ил.

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Изобретение относится к устройствам для считывания информации, например к устройствам для считывания информации с перемещаемых бумажных или пластиковых носителей, таких как банкноты, пластиковые карты. Его применение в сканирующих устройствах позволяет получить технический результат в виде упрощения конструкции, снижения потребляемой мощности, увеличения скорости считывания. Этот результат достигается благодаря тому, что световод имеет форму оптически прозрачной плоскопараллельной пластины, один из торцов которой (обращенный к считываемому документу) перпендикулярен боковым граням пластины, а противоположный торец, под которым расположен источник света, скошен под некоторым углом к боковым граням пластины. 9 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

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Устройство включает источник излучения для генерации ультрафиолетового лазерного излучения, зеркало, предназначенное для отражения ультрафиолетового лазерного излучения, генерируемого в источнике света, под заданным углом и для изменения пути распространения излучения, линзу для фокусировки лазерного излучения, путь которого изменяется посредством зеркала, рассеивающий элемент для рассеивания лазерного излучения, прошедшего через линзу, и амплитудную маску, расположенную между рассеивающим элементом и оптическим волокном и имеющую область пропускания, в которой рассеянное лазерное излучение периодически пропускается к оптическому волокну. Ширина полосы оптоволоконной дифракционной решетки с большим периодом может регулироваться посредством регулировки размера лазерного луча, облучающего оптическое волокно. Амплитудные маски могут быть легко изготовлены с низкой себестоимостью, а их пороговая мощность разрушения является высокой. Устройство по другому варианту содержит две разнесенные вдоль ...

МНОГОКАНАЛЬНЫЙ ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ВОЛНОВОД (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение используется в оптическом приборостроении, включая нелинейную и волоконную оптику, медицинскую оптику, микроскопию, оптику полупроводников и сегнетоэлектриков, спектроскопию и метрологию, физику фотонных кристаллов и фотохимию. Волновод состоит из двух или нескольких совмещенных плоских пластин, выполненных из стекла или кристаллического или пластического материала, оптически прозрачного для ультрафиолетового, видимого, инфракрасного или микроволнового излучения. По первому варианту одна из пластин выполнена в виде оптической плоской отражательной дифракционной решетки, содержащей на своей лицевой поверхности несколько сотен или тысяч параллельных штрихов-каналов, имеющих заданный профиль (треугольный, прямоугольный или иной), ширину и периодичность (~0,3 - 10-20 мкм и более). Вторая пластина своей оптически плоской поверхностью наложена на первую пластину, образуя один ряд периодически расположенных каналов, сквозных или заполненных заданным оптически прозрачным веществом.

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Изобретение относится к технологии изготовления печатной платы и/или подложки корпуса полупроводниковой интегральной схемы, в частности к способу изготовления структуры оптического волновода высокой плотности и к самой печатной плате. Заявленный способ изготовления структуры оптико-электронной шины на поверхности печатной платы заключается в изготовлении мастер-штампа структуры оптических волноводов оптико-электронной шины, нанесении полимерного материала сердцевины оптических волноводов, нанесении полимерного материала нижней оболочки оптических волноводов, и нанесении полимерного материала верхней оболочки оптических волноводов. Причем для изготовления мастер-штампа используют метод фотолитографии с последовательным нанесением двух его слоев и формированием двухслойной структуры мастер-штампа из одного материала, после чего на сформированную структуру мастер-штампа наносят слой модификатора адгезии. Затем наносят полимерный материал сердцевины оптических волноводов в мастер-штамп путем ...

СПОСОБ ВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ ПЛОСКИМ ЭКРАНОМ

Способ используется в оптоэлектронной информационной технике. Способ содержит процесс вывода световых потоков из N планарных волноводов в слой сегнетоэлектрического жидкого кристалла. Каждый из N преобразованных блоком преобразования полицветных световых потоков вводят в I-й планарный волновод без оболочки, и по нему распространяют световой поток посредством полных внутренних отражений, создаваемых нижней и боковыми гранями паза матрицы, в котором вложен волновод, и верхней гранью, образованной слоем жидкого кристалла. Для вывода светового потока из планарного волновода подают на верхний и нижний электроды электрическое напряжение, создающее электрическое поле с направлением, перпендикулярным к направлению распространения светового потока. Вводят световой поток из слоя жидкого кристалла в цилиндрические волноводы без оболочки через боковые грани, направленные перпендикулярно к направлению распространения светового потока. Выбирают такой показатель преломления цилиндрических волноводов, ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПЛАНАРНОГО ВОЛНОВОДА ОКСИДА ЦИНКА В НИОБАТЕ ЛИТИЯ

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СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ ПРЕЛОМЛЕНИЯ В ОПТИЧЕСКОМ ВОЛОКНЕ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

... 1. Способ получения показателя преломления в оптическом волокне, имеющем сердцевину, предусматривающий деформирование оптического волокна вдоль его продольной оси для обеспечения деформации, составляющей, по меньшей мере, 1%, и облучение оптического волокна при деформировании световым излучением для формирования структуры показателей преломления. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что световое излучение прикладывают с боковой поверхности оптического волокна в направлении, проходящем поперек продольной оси волокна. 3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что световым излучением является ультрафиолетовое излучение. 4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что световое излучение передают через оптическое волокно вдоль продольной оси. 5. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что световое излучение имеет длину волны, составляющую, по меньшей мере, 275 нм. 6. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что структуру образуют с помощью маски. 7. Способ по п.6, отличающийся тем, что структуру образуют с помощью пластиковой ...

СПОСОБ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ, УСИЛЕНИЯ И МОДУЛЯЦИИ ОДНОНАПРАВЛЕННЫХ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННО- СВЯЗАННЫХ СОЛИТОНОВ ОРТОГОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИЙ

... 1. Способ переключения, усиления и модуляции однонаправленных распределенно-связанных импульсов, заключающийся в том, что на вход нелинейного оптического волновода, обладающего дисперсией второго порядка, подают излучение с изменяемым параметром, отличающийся тем, что волновод выполнен двулучепреломляющим, подаваемое на входе излучение состоит из импульсов излучения накачки и сигнального излучения с изменяемой интенсивностью и/или фазой, при этом поляризации излучений взаимно ортогональны, а поляризация одного из излучений направлена вдоль "быстрой" или "медленной" оси волновода либо под углом к этой оси, не превышающим π/10, причем вводимую мощность излучения накачки выбирают из условия где ay0 или аx0 - амплитуда импульса накачки, α -нормированное двулучепреломление волновода, θ-нормированный нелинейный коэффициент волновода, при этом в качестве импульсов накачки используют фундаментальные солитоны или близкие к ним по амплитуде импульсы. 2. Способ переключения, усиления и модуляции однонаправленных ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СОВМЕЩЕНИЯ ГРУПП ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛОКОН

... 1. Способ соединения компонента интегральной волоконно-оптической схемы с группой упорядоченно расположенных оптических волокон, в котором используют компонент интегральной волоконно-оптической схемы, включающий группу из N упорядоченно расположенных волоконно-оптических портов, и группу оптических волокон, содержащую N оптических волокон, каждое из которых имеет соединительный конец для оптического соединения с соответствующим отдельным волоконно-оптическим портом указанного схемного компонента и оканчивается отдельным выходным концом оптического волокна, при этом согласно указанному способу размещают указанную группу оптических волокон рядом с указанным схемным компонентом так, чтобы множество фотонов, выходящих из волоконно-оптических портов указанного схемного компонента, попадало в соответствующие отдельные соединительные концы оптических волокон, размещают N выходных концов N оптических волокон группы оптических волокон вблизи входа элемента для улавливания и фокусировки оптического ...

ВОЛОКОННЫЙ КОНВЕРТЕР ДИАМЕТРА ПОЛЯ МОДЫ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Волоконный конвертер диаметра поля моды, содержащий отрезок волоконного световода, включающего оболочку из кварцевого стекла, сердцевину из легированного кварцевого стекла, причем диаметр сердцевины изменяется по длине отрезка волоконного световода, увеличиваясь к его концу, отличающийся тем, что сердцевина световода легирована азотом, и концентрация легирующей примеси составляет от 0,01 до 5 ат.%. 2. Способ изготовления волоконного конвертера диаметра поля моды, при осуществлении которого в процессе нагревания отрезка волоконного световода, состоящего из оболочки и сердцевины, каждая из которых выполнена на основе кварцевого стекла, а по крайней мере одна из них легирована, проводят локальную термодиффузию в оболочку элементов, входящих в состав сердцевины, и/или локальную термодиффузию в сердцевину элементов, входящих в состав оболочки, отличающийся тем, что локальную термодиффузию осуществляют при нагревании отрезка волоконного световода током электрической дуги или излучением СО ...

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Устройство ввода-вывода оптического излучения в канальный волновод, сформированный в стеклянной подложке, отличающееся тем, что на конце канального волновода расположена область с повышенным показателем преломления, имеющая полусферическую форму, у границы которой с поверхности подложки осуществляется ввод или вывод оптического излучения.

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Изобретение относится к оптическим волноводам и может быть использовано в 2 оптических интегральных схемах Цель изобретения - улучшение ограничения спти- ческого излучения в поперечном сечении полоскового волновода вдоль оси, лежащей в плоскости планарного волновода Полоскопый оптический волновод содержит пленарный волновод, направляющую диэлектрическую полоску заданной ширины . На поверхность планарного волновода с обеих сторон направляющей диэле - гри- ческой полоски дополнительно нанесены тонкие металлические полоски. 2 ил ...

Способ определения показателя преломления и толщины одномодового планарного оптического волновода

Изобретение относится к измерению параметров оптических волноводов, в частности показателя преломления и толщины одномодовых планарных оптических волноводов, и позволяет повысить точность определения параметров одномодовых планарных оптических волноводов. Цель достигается путем измерения наряду с эффективным показателем преломления ТЕ-моды волновода также спектральной расстройки мод ортогональных поляризаций в резонаторе Фабри-Перо, изготовленном на основе данного волновода, и численным определением показателя преломления и толщины волновода из соответствующей системы уравнений, приведенной в формуле изобретения. 1 ил.

Способ изготовления тонкопленочных оптических волноводов из оксидных материалов

Изобретение относится к оптическим волвоводам и может быть использовано при изготовлении оптических интегральных схем для оптоэлектронных систем передачи и обработки информации. Цель изобретения - расширение класса материалов для изготовления тонкопленочных оптических волноводов с минимальной волноводной дисперсией и упрощение технологии их изготовления. Способ заключается в осаждении тонкой волноводной пленки на подложку путем распыления мишени в газовой среде при общем давлении 8.10-4-2.10-1тор и парциальном давлении кислорода (2-5).10-4тор. При этом показатели преломления распыляемой мишени и подложки зависят от относительных катионных фракций используемых материалов и удовлетворяют соотношение, приведенному в формуле изобретения. 1 ил.

Способ определения потерь, обусловленных рассеянием света на объемных неоднородностях в планарных оптических волноводах

Изобретение относится к оптическим волноводам и может быть использовано для определения потерь на объемных неоднородностях в планарных оптических волноводах. Повышение точности достигается за счет измерения потерь только одной моды, например основной, для волноводов с различной постоянной распространения за счет изменения толщины волновода. 2 ил.

Способ изготовления оптического волновода на основе кристалла ниобата лития

Изобретение относится к оптической электронике, в частности к интегральной оптике. Цель изобретения - уменьшение оптических потерь в волноводе . На одну из полированных граней кристалла ниобата лития наносят пленку титана. После осуществления диффузии титана эту грань кристалла погружают в расплав салициловой кислоты и выдерживают при 160-210°С в течение 1-60 мин. Удаляют с охлажденного кристалла остатки кислоты этиловым спиртом. В полученном волноводе измерение оптических потерь осуществляют фотографированием рассеянного излучения, видимого на его поверхности. 1 табл. ifi I (/) o со ел со ел to ...

Устройство для снятия волновода с оправки

Использование: технология производства электроосаждения винтовых волноводов . Сущность изобретения: устройство содержит средство фиксации оправки, установленное с возможностью вращательного движения, средство приема волновода, выполненное в виде пустотелого тонкостенного цилиндра с кромкой на его боковой поверхности у одного торца и установленное с возможностью, поступательного движения . 5 з.п, ф-лы. 2 ил.

Spezieller Polarisationsseparator

POLARISATIONSBEHALTENDE OPTISCHE FASER UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG.

VERFAHREN UND SYSTEM ZUM SIMULIEREN EINER MULTIMODE-FASER

Verfahren zum Simulieren einer Multimode-Faser, umfassend:Teilen eines optischen Eingangssignals in eine Vielzahl von optischen Strömen;Anwenden von verschiedenen Verzögerungen auf die jeweiligen optischen Ströme, um eine Vielzahl von verzögerten optischen Strömen zu erhalten;Kombinieren der Vielzahl von verzögerten optischen Strömen, um ein kombiniertes optisches Signal zu erhalten;Entpacken des kombinierten optischen Signals in ein x-Polarisationssignal und ein y-Polarisationssignal;Berechnen der Leistung des kombinierten optischen Signals und weiter, um seinen Kehrwert zu erhalten;Erhalten des Produkts aus dem Kehrwert und der Leistung des optischen Eingangssignals;Berechnen der Quadratwurzel des Produkts;Multiplizieren der Quadratwurzel des Produkts jeweils mit dem x-Polarisationssignal und einem y-Polarisationssignal;Verpacken des multiplizierten x-Polarisationssignals und eines y-Polarisationssignals, um ein optisches Ausgabesignal zu erhalten;wobei für einen Center-Launch-Zustand ...

WELLENLAENGEN-MULTIPLEXER ODER -DEMULTIPLEXER

Lighting element

Lighting elements in which at least one light source is arranged to the side of a fluorescent panel are known; the light emanating from the light source is collected in the fluorescent panel and emitted at its edge. In comparison, the novel lighting element is intended to permit a planar emission of light and at the same time to be of a particularly simple and compact design. In the case of the novel lighting element, the light source comprises a sheet-like luminous capacitor (3) with an electroluminescent dielectric (12), which is arranged in surface contact with the fluorescent panel (2); the luminous capacitor (3) and the fluorescent panel (2) form the lighting element (1) in a multilayered arrangement. The novel lighting element is suitable in particular for the line-by-line illumination of originals in optical scanning devices. ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Bragg-Gittern in optischen Fasern oder Wellenleitern

Gerät zur Steuerung eines hin- und herbewegbaren Schlittens, der einen Druck- und/ oder Lesekopf trägt

METALLIC CLAD FIBER OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE

METHOD OF FORMING LAMINATED SINGLE POLARIZATION FIBER

Optical transmitter and receiver apparatus

Adding prescriptive correction to eyepieces for see-through head wearable displays

An eyepiece for a head wearable display includes a curved lightguide component, a curved see-through component, an output coupler, and a prescription layer. The curved lightguide component guides display light received at an input region and releases the display light along an eye-ward direction in a viewing region. The output coupler is disposed at the viewing region to redirect the display light towards the eye-ward direction for output from the curved lightguide component. The output coupler is at least partially transmissive to ambient light incident through a world-facing side such that the viewing region is see-through. The curved see-through component is mated to the world-facing side of the curved lightguide component. The prescription layer has a first side mated to an eye-facing side of the curved lightguide component and a second side having a curvature that introduces prescriptive lensing to both the ambient light and the display light.

MIDDLE INFRA-RED HOLLOW OPTICAL FIBRES

Planar waveguide device having segment waveguides

Optical hollow waveguide, its fabrication and laser transmission apparatus using it

A polyimide resin layer 2 is formed on an inner surface of a metal pipe 1 or a non-metallic pipe 5 having a metal thin film 6 on an inner surface to provide an optical hollow waveguide 4. The polyimide resin layer 2 is transparent relative to a wavelength band of a laser light transmitted through the optical hollow waveguide 4. The optical hollow waveguide 4 is fabricated by supplying solution of polyimide precursor to a hollow internal of the metal pipe or the non-metallic pipe, and heating and drying the solution to provide a polyimide resin layer. The solution-supplying step and the solution-heating and drying step are repeated to increase a thickness of the polyimide resin layer up to a predetermined value.

Optical waveguide

An optical waveguide including a core layer formed of a polymer, and a cladding layer placed in proximate to the core layer, the cladding layer being formed of a polymer having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the polymer for the core layer, wherein the polymers for the core and cladding layers are selected from the copolymers having the formula (1) n is a mole fraction in the range of 0.05 & p < 1. Therefore, by using polyimides which allow easy control of the refractive index in the formation of an optical waveguide, the difference in refractive index between the core and cladding layers of the optical waveguide can be further increased compared to the case of using silica. As a result, a subminiature passive device for optical communications can be manufactured.

Processed preform for producing elliptic core optical fiber

Disclosed is a method of producing an elliptic core optical fiber 5, in which a original preform having a circular core 3 disposed at the center of a circular clad 2 is processed to flatten on its periphery to form a processed preform 1 that is then drawn with heating into an elliptic core 7 optical fiber. According to the invention, the form of the processed preform used for producing an elliptic core optical fiber with desired specific dimensions can be designed using pre-obtained correlations based on the dimensions of the elliptic core optical fiber.

GLASS COMPOSITIONS

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE FOR VISIBLE LIGHT

Optical hollow waveguide, method for fabricating the same, and laser transmission apparatus using the same

GLASS COMPOSITIONS

Light-waveguide with elliptical jacket and preferential polarisation

A polarized wave preserving fiber has a core at its center, cladding, an oval jacket, and a support member in order to improve transmitting property of the polarized single mode by adjusting the refractive index distribution and the ellipticity of the oval jacket.

Waveguide for multispectral fusion

A system 300 includes an optical waveguide 302 to receive multispectral radiation 306 from a scene, a first optical component 304A and a second optical component 304B. The first component causes a first range of the multispectral radiation to exit the waveguide, and causes a second portion of the multispectral radiation to travel through the waveguide via total internal reflection to the second component, where the second portion of the multispectral radiation then exits the waveguide. The optical components may be diffraction gratings, refractive elements, prisms, mirrored surfaces, beam splitters or holograms. In a second aspect of the invention, the waveguide has a third optical component, where each optical component has an optical sub-system 308A & 308B to produce a visual representation of each portion of the multispectral radiation. The set of visual representations are overlapped 312 to generate a composite image of the scene. Third, fourth and fifth aspects of the invention define ...

Analogue navigation device

Optical waveguide with multiple core layers and method of fabrication thereof

Receiving information

Optical waveguide and method for fabricating the same

OPTICAL FIBRE APPARATUS

OPTICAL FIBRES

A temperature-gradient guide for light or infrared waves

Guide for light or infrared wave beam in which a radial temperature gradient deflects towards the guide axis the light rays which tend to diverge therefrom. The isotherm pattern of two sets of four heater wires, each set being formed of pairs of wires diametrically opposite with respect to the guide axis, is calculated and it is shown that it comprises a particular isothermic curve which has the shape of a bean and separates the two sets of wires. The metal wall of the guide is given the shape of this particular isothermic curve and the set of heater wires outside this wall is omitted.

LOWLOSS MULTILAYER OPTICAL FIBRE

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

OPTICAL FIBER WITH SMALL ONE GRADIENTS OF THE CHROMATIC DISPERSION

SAMPLE CARRIER WITH INTEGRATED OPTICS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A FIBER-OPTIC WAVE LEADER FOR A SENSOR

CHIRALES FIBER BRAGG LATTICE

CONTROLLING OF THE EJECTED BEAM DIVERGENCE IN A SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ELEMENT

OPTICAL FIBER CONNECTION WITH LOW POLARIZATION INTERMODE DISPERSION (PMD) AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR IT

MULTILEVEL OPTICAL STRUCTURES

OPTICAL LOW-PASS FILTER WITH A PHASENGITTER.

OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE.

LOW-LOSS MONODECAY OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE WITH LOW DISPERSION.

MAST LIGHT FOR LIGHTING BEFORE CERTAIN ZONES.

OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE WITHIN THE INFRARED RANGE WITH SMALL LOSSES.

COVERED UP OPTICAL FIBERS WITH LOW LOSS FROM HALIDEN AND PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION.

MULTIMODALER FIBRE-OPTICAL ROTATION SENSOR.

RADIATION PURSUIT IN HIGH MULTIMODALEN CHANNEL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

DEVICES TO THE STIMULATED EMISSION FROM SILICON NANO-PARTICLES

LIGHT CONDUCTOR WITH TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION.

DOUBLEBREAKING PHOTO NICHE CRYSTAL FIBERS AND METHODS TO YOUR PRODUCTION

DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LATTICE STRUCTURES IN OPTICAL FIBERS

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR QUASI-POINT WAYS THE LETTER OF A BRAGG LATTICE INTO AN OPTICAL FIBER

TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE AND MATERIAL WITH TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE AND THEIR APPLICATION WITH SCREENS

TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION OF OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

MICRO-STRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBERS

DOUBLEBREAKING OPTICAL FIBERS AND PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AS WELL AS FOR THEIR CONNECTION

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

SILICON NANO-PARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

A method of designing a waveguide

Systems and methods for augmented reality

An augmented reality system includes a light source configured to generate a virtual light beam. The system also includes a light guiding optical element having an entry portion, an exit portion, and a surface having a diverter disposed adjacent thereto. The light source and the light guiding optical element are configured such that the virtual light beam enters the light guiding optical element through the entry portion, propagates through the light guiding optical element by at least partially reflecting off of the surface, and exits the light guiding optical element through the exit portion. The light guiding optical element is transparent to a first real-world light beam. The diverter is configured to modify a light path of a second real-world light beam at the surface.

Near-Eye Display with Laser Diode Illumination

A near-eye display has a light-guide optical element (LOE) with two major parallel external surfaces. An image projector introduces image illumination into the LOE so as to propagate by internal reflection. The image projector includes one or more light-generating laser diode operated by a controller. A coupling-out arrangement includes a set of mutually parallel, partially-reflective surfaces associated with the LOE at an oblique angle to the major external surfaces for coupling the illumination out of the LOE towards the eye of the observer. The light-generating laser diode has a characteristic variation of coherence length of generated light as a function of diode actuation power. The controller actuates the laser diode at a level of diode actuation power that generates light with a coherence length that is less than twice a spacing between adjacent partially-reflective surfaces of the coupling-out arrangement.

QUARTZ OPTICAL FIBRE

HOLLOW CO2 LASER WAVEGUIDE

Fiber-optic cable alignment system

Fabrication of nanowires

Structures formed in diamond

N-V centers in diamond are created in a controlled manner. In one embodiment, a single crystal diamond is formed using a CVD process, and then annealed to remove N-V centers. A thin layer of single crystal diamond is then formed with a controlled number of N-V centers. The N-V centers form Qubits for use in electronic circuits. Masked and controlled ion implants, coupled with annealing are used in CVD formed diamond to create structures for both optical applications and nanoelectromechanical device formation. Waveguides may be formed optically coupled to the N-V centers and further coupled to sources and detectors of light to interact with the N-V centers.

Optical component for free-space optical propagation between waveguides

Method for making and connecting v-shaped highly birefringent optical fibers

LOW CROSSTALK OPTICAL GAIN MEDIUM AND METHOD FOR FORMING SAME

Silica-based optical device fabrication

SAMPLE CARRIER COMPRISING INTEGRATED OPTICS

Use of deuterated gases for the vapor deposition of thin films for low-loss optical devices and waveguides

Fiber-integrated photon crystals and systems

Coupled Photonic Microdevices With Sub-Wavelength Feature Size

Complex, coupled photonic microdevices are formed to include sub-wavelength-sized radial perturbations sufficient to create resonant cavities, where these devices may be formed along the length of a single optical fiber and coupled together to form relatively complex photonic devices. By carefully selecting the placement and separation of these local radius variations, and using microfibers (or other suitable arrangements) to couple optical signals into and out of the device fiber, resonances in the form of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are created in the device fiber such that a number of coupled microstructures (such as ring resonators) may be formed.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE TACTILE SENSATION IMAGING

A tactile sensor, computer readable medium, methods of using and manufacturing the tactile sensor, and methods and apparatuses for processing the information generated by the tactile sensor. The tactile sensor includes a planar optical waveguide comprised of a flexible and transparent layer; a light configured to direct light into the optical waveguide; a light sensor or an imager facing the optical waveguide and configured to generate signals from light scattered out of the optical waveguide; and a controller which may be configured to generate an image of the object and characteristics of the object. The waveguide may be configured so that some of the light directed into the optical waveguide is scattered out of the waveguide if the waveguide is deformed by being pressed against the object. A finite element and a neural network are used to estimate mechanical characteristics of the objects. 1. A tactile sensor for generating an image of an object , the tactile sensor comprising:a planar optical waveguide comprised of at least a first layer that is flexible and transparent;at least one source of light configured to direct light into the optical waveguide; anda light sensor facing the optical waveguide and configured to generate signals from light scattered out of the optical waveguide,wherein the waveguide is configured so that at least some of the light directed into the optical waveguide is scattered out of the first layer when the first layer is deformed, and wherein the first layer is deformed by the tactile sensor being pressed against the object.2. The tactile sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transparent planar optical waveguide further comprises:a second layer that is flexible and transparent, wherein the second layer is less flexible than the first layer and the refractive index of the second layer is less than the refractive index of the first layer, and wherein at least some of the light directed into the optical waveguide is scattered out of the second ...

Optical fiber attenuator

An optical fiber attenuator includes a connector unit, an insert component and an attenuation unit. The connector unit includes a shell member and having a first shell part, and a second shell part that extends from and forms a unitary body with the first shell part, that reduces in cross-section with respect to the first shell part, and that cooperates with the first shell part to define a through hole. A resilient portion is connected to and extends inclinedly and outwardly away from the second shell part and towards the first shell part. The insert component includes an insert body disposed in the through hole, and a trench formed in the insert body. The attenuation unit has one end inserted into the trench and another end inserted into the second shell part.

OPTICAL FIBER CORE

An optical fiber core having a primary layer and a secondary layer, which are laminated on a bare optical fiber. The primary layer is formed by curing an ultraviolet-curable resin composition containing a first silane coupling agent, which can be incorporated into a resin skeleton, and a second silane coupling agent, which cannot be incorporated into a resin skeleton. The first silane coupling agent contains a compound having a methoxy group, and the second silane coupling agent contains a compound having an ethoxy group. 1. An optical fiber core comprising a primary layer and a secondary layer , which are laminated on a bare optical fiber , whereinthe primary layer is formed by curing an ultraviolet-curable resin composition containing a first silane coupling agent, which can be incorporated into a resin skeleton, and a second silane coupling agent, which cannot be incorporated into a resin skeleton,the first silane coupling agent contains a compound having a methoxy group, andthe second silane coupling agent contains a compound having an ethoxy group.2. The optical fiber core according to claim 1 , whereinthe first silane coupling agent and the second silane coupling agent are contained in the ultraviolet-curable resin composition, which forms the primary layer, andwhere A is a value obtained by multiplying a molar concentration of the first silane coupling agent by a number of alkoxyl groups existing in one molecule of the first silane coupling agent, B is a value obtained by multiplying a molar concentration of the second silane coupling agent by a number of alkoxyl groups existing in one molecule of the second silane coupling agent, and C is a water absorption rate of the secondary layer,{'b': 1', '4', '1', '2', '3', '4, 'a point plotted on a two-dimensional coordinate [(horizontal, and vertical axes)=(C, A+B)] is presented within an area defined by the four points, P-P, in which P: (C, A+B)=(1.6, 0.1), P: (C, A+B)=(1.6, 0.4), P: (C, A+B)=(2.9, 0.8), and P: (C, ...

OPTICAL FILTER OR MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER

An optical filter or multiplexer/demultiplexer, including a plurality of optical waveguides forming a planar structure. Each optical waveguide has a total length including one or more first segments with a first width and at least one or more second segments with a second width, the first width being larger than the second width. The sum of lengths of the one or more first segments in each optical waveguide is larger than half the total length of the waveguide. 1. An optical device , comprising:a plurality of optical waveguides forming a planar structure, each optical waveguide having a total length; wherein at least one optical waveguide comprises one or more first segments and at least one or more second segments;wherein in said at least one optical waveguide each first segment has a first width and a first length and each second segment has a second width a second length and the first width is larger than the second width; andwherein a sum of lengths of the one or more second segments in said at least one optical waveguide is shorter than half the total length of the waveguide; and wherein said sum of lengths of the one or more second segments in said at least one optical waveguide is less than about 500 times of a wavelength of an optical signal travelling within said at least one waveguide.2. The optical device of wherein a total length of the second segments in at least one waveguide is less than about 100 times of a wavelength of an optical signal travelling within said at least one waveguide.3. The optical device of . wherein at least one waveguide has no second segment.4. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the sum of lengths of the one or more first segments in each optical waveguide is larger than 75% of the total length of the waveguide.5. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one optical waveguide has one or more third segments claim 1 , the third segments having a third width smaller than the first width and different from the first ...

SLOTTED OPTICAL FIBERS AND METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR THE SAME

The present application relates to optical fibers having at least one slot. The optical fiber may be used, for example, in various sensing application. In some embodiments, a cross-section of the optical fiber perpendicular to the longitudinal axis has a largest dimension less than or equal to about 4 μm, and the slot has a width of about 5 nm to about 500 nm and a depth of at least about 10 nm. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the optical fibers and apparatuses including the optical fibers. 2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the slot further comprises:a first surface extending along the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber and adjacent to the , first portion of the optical fiber; anda second surface extending along the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber and adjacent to the second portion of the optical fiber.3. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein the first surface is approximately planar and the second surface is approximately planar.4. (canceled)5. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein the first surface extends from an outer surface of the optical fiber to an inner region of the optical fiber along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis claim 2 , and the second surface extends from an outer surface of the optical fiber to an inner region of the optical fiber along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.6. (canceled)7. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein the first surface and the second surface are generally parallel.8. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein the slot further comprises a third surface extending between the first surface and the second surface.9. The optical fiber of claim 8 , wherein the third surface is generally planar.10. The optical fiber of claim 8 , wherein the first surface and the third surface form a first angle of about 30° to about 150° and the second surface and third surface form a second angle of about 30° to about 150°.11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. The optical fiber of ...

POLARIZATION SEPARATION ELEMENT AND OPTICAL INTEGRATED ELEMENT

A polarization separation element of an optical waveguide type formed on a substrate includes: an input-light demultiplexer; an output-light multiplexer; a first arm waveguide and a second arm waveguide that connect the input-light demultiplexer and the output-light multiplexer, each of the first and second arm waveguides including an optical waveguide having birefringence; and at least one heating unit formed above each of the first arm waveguide and the second arm waveguide, wherein a geometric length of the second arm waveguide is larger than a geometric length of the first arm waveguide by equal to or less than a degree corresponding to an amount of increase in an optical path length generated in the first arm waveguide when the at least one heating unit performs heating on the first arm waveguide to impart birefringence to the first arm waveguide. 1. A polarization separation element of an optical waveguide type formed on a substrate , the polarization separation element comprising:an input-light demultiplexer;an output-light multiplexer;a first arm waveguide and a second arm waveguide that connect the input-light demultiplexer and the output-light multiplexer, each of the first and second arm waveguides including an optical waveguide having birefringence; andat least one heating unit formed above each of the first arm waveguide and the second arm waveguide, whereina geometric length of the second arm waveguide is larger than a geometric length of the first arm waveguide by equal to or less than a degree corresponding to an amount of increase in an optical path length generated in the first arm waveguide when the at least one heating unit performs heating on the first arm waveguide to impart birefringence to the first arm waveguide.2. The polarization separation element according to claim 1 , wherein the input-light demultiplexer includes a Y-branch waveguide and the output-light multiplexer is an optical multiplexer of a two-input and two-output type claim 1 , ...

PLANAR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE ELEMENT, CHROMATIC DISPERSION COMPENSATOR, OPTICAL FILTER, OPTICAL RESONATOR AND METHODS FOR DESIGNING THE ELEMENT, CHROMATIC DISPERSION COMPENSATOR, OPTICAL FILTER AND OPTICAL RESONATOR

There is provided a planar optical waveguide element including a core, the core including first and second portions and a gap portion that is positioned in a center of a width direction of the core between the first and second portions so as to extend in a light waveguide direction. The gap portion has a lower refractive index than that of the first and second portions, and a single mode propagated in the waveguide element has a span crossing the first and second portions. 1. A planar optical waveguide element comprising:a core of an optical waveguide comprising a first portion and a second portion, extending in a propagation direction of guided light, and a gap portion disposed between the first portion and the second portion in a width direction of the core, perpendicular to the propagation direction of guided light; anda first Bragg grating pattern and a second Bragg grating pattern provided on the core,wherein the gap portion has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the first portion and the second portion of the core;wherein a single mode is propagated in the optical waveguide so as to span across the first portion and the second portion of the core;wherein the first Bragg grating pattern and the second Bragg grating pattern are mutually parallel and extend in the propagation direction of guided light;wherein the first Bragg grating pattern comprises recessed and protruding portions that are formed on both outer side walls of the core along the propagation direction of guided light;wherein the second Bragg grating pattern comprises recessed and protruding portions that are formed, along the propagation direction of guided light, on both inner side walls of a groove that is formed on a top portion of the core at a center of the core in the width direction; andwherein the protruding portions of the first Bragg grating pattern where a core width is wide correspond with the protruding portions of the second Bragg grating pattern where a width of the ...

Illumination Source for use in Inspection Methods and/or Lithography; Inspection and Lithographic Apparatus and Inspection Method

An illumination system for a lithographic or inspection apparatus. A plurality of optical waveguides transmit radiation from the illumination source to an output. A switching system enables selective control of one or more subsets of the optical waveguides. An inspection method uses an illumination system and inspection and lithographic apparatuses comprise an illumination system. In one example, the optical waveguides and switching system are replaced by a plurality of parallel optical bandpass filter elements. The optical bandpass filter elements each only transmit a predetermined wavelength or a band of wavelengths of radiation. At least two of the parallel optical bandpass filter elements each being operable to transmit a different wavelength or band of wavelengths. 1. An illumination system for a lithographic or inspection apparatus comprising:an illumination source;a plurality of optical waveguides configured to transmit radiation from the illumination source to an output; anda switching system configured to allow selective control of transmission characteristics of one or more subsets of the plurality of optical waveguides.2. The illumination system of claim 1 , wherein the switching system is configured to individual select switching between a transmitting state and non-transmitting state of each of the optical waveguides.3. The illumination system of claim 1 , comprising a controller configured to allow selective control of the wavelength of radiation output by each of one or more subsets of the plurality of optical waveguides.4. The illumination system of claim 3 , wherein the controller configured to select control of the wavelength of radiation output by each of the optical waveguides.5. The illumination system of claim 3 , wherein the controller controls a filtering system between the source and the optical waveguides.6. The illumination system of claim 5 , wherein the illumination source comprises a broadband lamp.7. The illumination system of claim 3 ...

Systems and methods for photonic polarization beam splitters

An integrated photonic polarization beam splitter includes an optical coupler having an input port, a first output port, and a second output port. The optical coupler is operable to couple a portion of an input light beam at the input port into the first output port and another portion of the input light beam into the second output port. The integrated photonic polarization beam splitter also includes a first waveguide having a first linear polarizer embedded therein and coupled to the first output port of the optical coupler and a second waveguide having a second linear polarizer embedded therein and coupled to the second output port of the optical coupler.

Cylindrical Vector Beam Generation From A Multicore Optical Fiber

A multicore optical component and corresponding methods of converting a linearly or circularly polarized Gaussian beam of light into a radially or azimuthally polarized beam of light are provided. The multicore optical component comprises a plurality of birefringent, polarization maintaining elliptical cores. The elliptical cores collectively define an azimuthally varying distribution of major axes where the orientation of the major axis of a given elliptical core is given by φ=(180/N)*n+θ where n is the core number and θ is any angle greater than 0°. 2. An optical component as claimed in wherein the elliptical cores define respective optical path lengths sufficient for coherent superposition of an optical signal propagating from the input end of the optical component to the output end of the optical component;3. An optical component as claimed in wherein the elliptical cores define respective optical path lengths sufficient for the generation of azimuthally distributed polarization outputs from the elliptical cores at the output end of the optical component claim 1 , the azimuthally distributed polarization outputs producing a cylindrically symmetric amplitude and polarization state.4. An optical component as claimed in wherein each elliptical core rotates polarization as would a half waveplate.5. An optical component as claimed in wherein the elliptical cores comprise single mode elliptical cores.6. An optical component as claimed in wherein the multicore optical component comprises an optical fiber bundle.7. An optical component as claimed in wherein the multicore optical component is drawn from a fiber perform comprising a plurality of core canes.8. An optical component as claimed in wherein the core canes of the fiber perform are characterized by a cladding/core ratio of between approximately 1.5 and approximately 3.9. An optical component as claimed in wherein the respective major axes of the elliptical cores are between approximately two and approximately ...

APPARATUS FOR GAS SENSING BY USING FIBER FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER

The present invention relates to an apparatus for gas sensing including: a header part to generate interference wave to light from light source by the principle of fiber fabry-perot interferometer; and an optical spectrum analyzer to decide existence of specific gas based on change of spectrum periodicity of the interference wave, wherein the header part includes a sensing material that expands or shrinks by the above specific gas and the above interference wave changes its spectrum periodicity depending on expansion and shrinkage of the above sensing material. 1. An apparatus for gas sensing , comprising:a header part to generate interference wave to light from light source by the principle of FFPI; andan OSA to decide existence of specific gas based on change of spectrum periodicity of the above interference wave, wherein the header part includes a sensing material that expands or shrinks by the above specific gas and the above interference wave changes its spectrum periodicity depending on expansion and shrinkage of the above sensing material.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the above specific gas is an explosive gas including benzene series or nitro series compound.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the above sensing material is a polypyridine series polymer or a copolymer including the same.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes also a circulator that has the first˜the third port claim 1 , guides the light generated in the light source and entering into the first port to the header part linked to the second port claim 1 , and guides the interference wave generated in the header part and entering into the second port to the OSA linked to the third port.5. The apparatus claim 1 , wherein the above header part includes an optical fiber or an optical waveguide providing a transfer route of the light generated in the above light source using total reflection also and the above sensing material is coated at the end of the optical fiber ...

FLAT OPTICAL FIBER LIGHT EMITTERS

Light emitters are made of one or more cladded flat optical fibers having opposite flat sides and disruptions along at least a portion of the length of the fibers to cause light entering at least one end to be emitted from at least one side. The ends of the flat optical fibers may have substantially the same thickness as a light source and a width substantially equal to or substantially greater than the width of the light source for ease of optically coupling one or more such light sources to the flat optical fiber ends.

PET DETECTOR MODULES UTILIZING OVERLAPPED LIGHT GUIDES

When constructing a nuclear detector module in a gantry, a plurality of overlapping light guide modules () are mounted to the gantry in a spaced-apart fashion, and a plurality of underlapping light guide modules () are mounted in between each pair of overlapping light guide modules (). Each of the underlapping modules and the overlapping modules includes a scintillation crystal array () on an interior surface thereof, and a plurality of PMTs on an exterior surface thereof. Overlapping modules () have overlapping structures () that interface with underlapping structures () on the underlapping modules () and thereby eliminate a seam directly beneath PMTs that overlap the crystal arrays of both an overlapping module and an underlapping module. Optical grease is used to form a resilient grease coupling and reduce light scatter between the underlapping and overlapping modules. 1. A light guide assembly for a tomography detector module for a nuclear imaging scanner , including:a plurality of overlapping light guides, with an overlapping structure on of each of a first side and a second side of each overlapping light guide;a plurality of underlapping light guides, each having a underlapping structure on each of a first side and a second side of each underlapping light guide;wherein the overlapping structures of each of the plurality of overlapping light guides interfaces with a underlapping structure of each of two of the plurality of underlapping light guides, such that the plurality of overlapping light guides and underlapping light guides are alternately coupled together to form a continuous ring when mounted to a nuclear scanner gantry.2. A nuclear detector module including;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the light guide according to ; and'}a scintillation crystal array coupled to an interior surface of each of the plurality of overlapping light guides and each of the plurality of underlapping light guides.3. The nuclear detector module according to ...

Opto-electric hybrid board

An opto-electric hybrid board includes: an electric circuit board including an insulative layer having front and back surfaces, and electrical interconnect lines formed on the front surface of the insulative layer; an optical element mounted on a surface of the electric circuit board with the electrical interconnect lines formed thereon; and an optical waveguide including a core and formed on the back surface of the insulative layer of the electric circuit board. The core includes at its end portion a reflecting surface capable of reflecting alight beam to propagate the light beam between the core and the optical element. The insulative layer is made of a light-transmissive material. A portion of the insulative layer corresponding to an optical path between the reflecting surface of the core and the optical element is in the form of a lens portion.

PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT HAVING A WAVEGUIDE-GRATING COUPLER

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) having a waveguide-grating coupler with two evanescently coupled waveguides. The first waveguide is fabricated using materials suitable for manufacturing active optical elements in the PIC. The second waveguide is fabricated using materials capable of providing a relatively high index-of-refraction contrast for the constituent waveguide grating. The waveguide-grating coupler is compatible with the III-V semiconductor technology while being relatively easy to fabricate on an industrial scale. 116-. (canceled)17. A method of fabricating an optical device , comprising:providing a substrate having a first optical waveguide thereon, the first optical waveguide having a first cladding layer;forming a second cladding layer with a wedge-like portion on the first cladding layer by (i) forming a layer of cladding material over the first optical waveguide and (ii) subjecting said layer of cladding material to a wet-etch process to form from said layer of cladding material the wedge-like portion;forming a core of a second optical waveguide on the wedge-like portion; andforming an array of cavities in the core of the second optical waveguide to define therein a waveguide grating.18. (canceled)19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising forming on the substrate an optical signal-processing (OSP) circuit claim 17 , wherein:the first optical waveguide is optically coupled to the OSP circuit;the OSP circuit comprises at least one active optical element; andthe first and second optical waveguides, the waveguide grating, and the OSP circuit are parts of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) formed on the substrate.20. The method of claim 17 , wherein claim 17 , for a predetermined operating wavelength claim 17 , an offset distance between the waveguide grating and an interface of a cladding of the first optical waveguide with a cladding of the second waveguide is selected to cause constructive interference between (i) light of said operating ...

WIDE BANDWIDTH, LOW LOSS PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS

Various embodiments include photonic bandgap fibers (PBGF). Some PBGF embodiments have a hollow core (HC) and may have a square lattice (SQL). In various embodiments, SQL PBGF can have a cladding region including 2-10 layers of air-holes. In various embodiments, an HC SQL PBGF can be configured to provide a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc larger than about 0.35 and a minimum transmission loss in a range from about 70 dB/km to about 0.1 dB/km. In some embodiments, the HC SQL PBGF can be a polarization maintaining fiber. Methods of fabricating PBGF are also disclosed along with some examples of fabricated fibers. Various applications of PBGF are also described. 1. A photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) for propagating light having a wavelength , λ , said fiber comprising:a core; anda cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a plurality of regions, at least one region having a dimension, Λ, and configured such that the cladding at least partially surrounds a hole having a hole dimension, D,wherein said plurality of regions are arranged as a rectangular lattice, andwherein said PBGF is configured such that a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc is larger than about 0.35.2. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein said rectangular lattice comprises a square lattice.3. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein a dimension of said core is in a range from about 10 μm to about 100 μm.4. The photonic bandgap fiber according to claim 1 , wherein Δλ/λc is in the range from about 0.35 to about 0.85.5. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'said cladding comprises webs and nodes of said rectangular lattice such that at least a portion of said webs have a dimension, d, and are configured as higher aspect ratio cladding material portions, and'}{'sub': '1', 'a portion of the webs are connected to said nodes, at least a portion of said nodes having a dimension, d, and configured as lower aspect ratio cladding ...

POLARIZATION-MAINTAINING OPTICAL FIBER

A polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the present invention includes a core, a pair of stress-applying parts provided on both sides of the core, and a cladding surrounding the core and the stress-applying parts, and is used in a wavelength range of 400 to 680 nm. The diameter of the cladding is 125 μm, the diameter of the stress-applying part is 33 to 37 μm, a distance between the pair of stress-applying parts is 8.6 to 15.4 μm, a relative refractive index difference between the core and the cladding is 0.35 to 0.45%, and a cut-off wavelength is less than or equal to 400 nm. 1. A polarization-maintaining optical fiber for use in a wavelength range of 400 to 680 nm , comprising:a core;a pair of stress-applying parts provided on both sides of the core; anda cladding surrounding the core and the stress-applying parts, whereina diameter of the cladding is 125 μm, a diameter of each of the stress-applying parts is 33 to 37 μm, a distance between the pair of stress-applying parts is 8.6 to 15.4 μm, a relative refractive index difference between the core and the cladding is 0.35 to 0.45%, and a cut-off wavelength is less than or equal to 400 nm.2. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe cladding comprises a first cladding formed of fluorine-doped silica glass and a second cladding which is provided on an outer periphery of the first cladding and is formed of pure silica glass.3. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein after applying a bending of 60 mm in diameter 10 times claim 1 , a loss increase in the wavelength range of 400 to 680 nm is less than or equal to 0.1 dB and polarization crosstalk in the wavelength range of 400 to 680 nm is less than or equal to −30 dB.4. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to claim 2 , wherein after applying a bending of 60 mm in diameter 10 times claim 2 , a loss increase in the wavelength range of 400 to 680 nm is less than or equal to 0.1 dB and ...

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE ATTENUATOR FOR A POLARIZED LIGHT SOURCE

An optical apparatus comprises: a waveguide substrate, optical cladding formed on the substrate; a waveguide core formed within the cladding, an optically absorptive layer formed within the cladding, and a linearly polarized light source. The waveguide core includes an attenuating segment thereof, and the absorptive layer is formed near the attenuating segment of the core. The core and cladding are arranged to form an optical waveguide that supports a propagating optical mode. The absorptive layer is positioned near the attenuating segment of the core so as to spatially overlap a portion of the optical mode. The extent of the overlap results in a designed level of optical loss per unit distance of propagation of a linearly polarized optical signal along the attenuating segment of the optical core in the optical mode without substantial alteration of the polarization state of the optical signal. 1. An optical apparatus comprising:a waveguide substrate;optical cladding formed on the substrate;a waveguide core formed within the cladding, which waveguide core includes an attenuating segment thereof;an optically absorptive layer formed on or within the cladding near the attenuating segment of the core; anda light source,wherein:the core and cladding are arranged to form an optical waveguide that supports optical propagation in one or more optical modes;the light source is arranged to launch an optical signal to propagate in a given one of the optical modes in a known linear polarization state;the absorptive layer is positioned near the attenuating segment of the core so as to spatially overlap a portion of the given optical mode to an extent so that the optical waveguide exhibits a designed level of optical loss per unit distance of propagation of the optical signal along the attenuating segment of the optical core in the given optical mode and in the known linear polarization state; andthe optical waveguide and the absorptive layer are arranged so as to substantially ...

OPTICAL PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

An optical PCB includes a substrate, conductive traces, a solder resist layer, and a light waveguide. The substrate includes a surface. The surface includes a flat area. The conductive traces are formed on the surface of the substrate and only positioned outside of the flat area. The solder resist layer is formed on the substrate and covers the conductive traces. The light waveguide is positioned on the solder resist layer. An orthogonal projection of the light waveguide on the surface of the substrate coincides with the flat area. 1. An optical PCB , comprising:a substrate comprising a surface, the surface comprising a flat area;a plurality of conductive traces formed on the surface of the substrate and only positioned outside of the flat area;a solder resist layer formed on the substrate and covering the conductive traces; anda light waveguide positioned on the solder resist layer, an orthogonal projection of the light waveguide on the surface of the substrate coinciding with the flat area.2. The optical PCB of claim 1 , wherein a material of the solder resist layer is selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet curable printing ink and liquid photosensitive printing ink.3. The optical PCB of claim 1 , wherein the light waveguide is selected from the group consisting of planar light waveguide and strip light waveguide.4. The optical PCB of claim 1 , wherein the optical PCB comprises an adjusting sheet positioned between the substrate and the solder resist layer in the flat area.5. The optical PCB of claim 4 , wherein two opposite surfaces of the adjusting sheet are flat surfaces.6. The optical PCB of claim 4 , wherein the adjusting sheet has a same thickness as the conductive traces. 1. Technical FieldThe present disclosure relates to an optical printed circuit board (PCB).2. Description of Related ArtAn optical PCB is a PCB that can transmit information using optical signals. Many optical PCBs include an insulated substrate, a printed circuit layer formed ...

SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURE

A semiconductor structure includes a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second semiconductor layer, and a cermet layer stacked together. The active layer is on a surface of the first semiconductor layer. The second semiconductor layer is on a surface of the active layer away from the first semiconductor layer. The cermet layer is on a surface of the second semiconductor layer away from the first semiconductor layer. 1. A semiconductor structure comprising:a first semiconductor layer;an active layer on the first semiconductor layer;a second semiconductor layer on the active layer; anda cermet layer on the second semiconductor layer.2. The semiconductor structure of claim 1 , wherein a material of the cermet layer comprises a metal material and a dielectric material.3. The semiconductor structure of claim 2 , wherein a mass percent of the dielectric material is smaller than or equal to 40%.4. The semiconductor structure of claim 2 , wherein the metal material is selected from the group consisting of gold claim 2 , silver claim 2 , aluminum claim 2 , copper claim 2 , and alloy thereof.5. The semiconductor structure of claim 2 , wherein the dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of silicon claim 2 , silicon dioxide claim 2 , and ceramic.6. The semiconductor structure of claim 2 , wherein the cermet layer comprises silver and silicon dioxide.7. The semiconductor structure of claim 6 , wherein a mass percent of the silicon dioxide is about 20%.8. The semiconductor structure of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of primary three-dimensional nano-structures on a surface of the second semiconductor layer away from the active layer.9. The semiconductor structure of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of primary three-dimensional nano-structures is aligned side by side claim 8 , and each of the plurality of primary three-dimensional nano-structures has a first peak and a second peak aligned side by side claim 8 , a first groove is defined ...

NORBORNENE-TYPE FORMATE MONOMERS AND POLYMERS AND OPTICAL WAVEGUDIES FORMED THEREFROM

This invention discloses and claims a series of polycyclic monomers and polymers useful in the production of optical waveguides. The polymers of the invention comprise one or more repeating units represented by the formula (IV): 2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'X is —CH—;'}m is 0;{'sub': '1', 'Xis O; and'}Ar is aryl.3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'X is —CH—;'}m is 0;{'sub': '1', 'Xis O; and'}Ar is heteroaryl.4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is aryl selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted anthracenyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted triphenylamine claim 1 , and wherein said substituents are selected from C-Calkyl claim 1 , C-Calkoxy claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , and C-Cperfluoroalkyl.5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is selected from 4-phenyl claim 1 , 3-methyl-4-phenyl claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl claim 1 , 3-methoxy-4-phenyl claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,5-dimethoxy-4-phenyl claim 1 , 3-fluoro-4-phenyl claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,5-difluoro-4-phenyl claim 1 , and 6-naphthyl.6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is selected from substituted or unsubstituted thienyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted furanyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl claim 1 , and substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl.9. The compound according to claim 1 , which is selected from:4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)phenyl formate;4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-3-methylphenyl formate;4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl formate;4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-3-methoxyphenyl formate;4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl formate4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-3-fluorophenyl formate;4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-3,5-difluorophenyl formate;6-(bicyclo ...

OPTICAL DEVICE USING A PLASMONIC WAVEGUIDE, AND OPTICAL ISOLATOR

An optical device having a plasmonic waveguide, in which the plasmonic waveguide has a layered structure of at least three layers that a ferromagnetic metal layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer are layered in this order, in which the first and second dielectric layers are layers that allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and in which a refractive index of the second dielectric layer is higher than a refractive index of the first dielectric layer; and an optical isolator, having the optical device. 1. An optical device having a plasmonic waveguide , wherein the plasmonic waveguide has a layered structure of at least three layers in which a ferromagnetic metal layer , a first dielectric layer , and a second dielectric layer are layered in this order , wherein the first and second dielectric layers are layers that allow light to be transmitted therethrough , and wherein a refractive index of the second dielectric layer is higher than a refractive index of the first dielectric layer.2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the first dielectric layer satisfies a predetermined thickness range condition that allows plasmons to propagate therethrough claim 1 , in which a thickness of the first dielectric layer is thinner than a first cutoff thickness or thicker than a second cutoff thickness.3. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein magnetization of the ferromagnetic metal layer is perpendicular to a propagation direction of plasmons.4. The optical device according to claim 2 , wherein the thickness of the first dielectric layer is 50 to 99% of the first cutoff thickness or 101 to 140% of the second cutoff thickness.5. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic metal layer is composed of a metallic material of any of Co claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , FeCo claim 1 , FeNi claim 1 , FeCoB claim 1 , SmCo claim 1 , or NdFeB claim 1 , as a main component.6. The optical device according to claim 1 ...

ELECTRO-OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE APPARATUSES AND METHODS THEREOF

An apparatus with either a graphene sheet or an epsilon-near-zero layer sandwiched in a waveguide structure and a tuning device. The tuning device is configured to selectively control application of at least first and second gate voltages across the waveguide structure. The graphene sheet has a first dielectric constant which is zero and the waveguide structure operates at a first abosrpotion state and a first propagation distance with application of the first voltage by the tuning device and has a second dielectric constant and the waveguide structure operates at a second absorption state and a second propagation distance with application of the second voltage. The second dielectric constant is larger than the first dielectric constant, the second absorption state is smaller than the first absorption state, the second propagation distance is longer than the first propagation distance, and the second voltage which is zero or smaller than the first voltage. 1. An electro-optical waveguide apparatus comprising:a graphene sheet having opposing surfaces sandwiched in a waveguide structure; anda tuning device configured to selectively control application of at least first and second gate voltages across the waveguide structure, the graphene sheet having a first dielectric constant which is zero and the waveguide structure operating at a first abosrpotion state and a first propagation distance with application of the first gate voltage by the tuning device, and the graphene sheet having a second dielectric constant which is larger than the first dielectric constant and the waveguide structure operating at a second absorption state which is smaller than the first absorption state and a second propagation distance which is longer than the first propagation distance with application of the second gate voltage which is zero or smaller than the first gate voltage by the tuning device.2. The apparatus of wherein the waveguide structure comprises a dielectric waveguide structure ...

SINGLE MODE PROPAGATION IN FIBERS AND RODS WITH LARGE LEAKAGE CHANNELS

Various embodiments include large cores fibers that can propagate few modes or a single mode while introducing loss to higher order modes. Some of these fibers are holey fibers that comprising cladding features such as air-holes. Additional embodiments described herein include holey rods. The rods and fibers may be used in many optical systems including optical amplification systems, lasers, short pulse generators, Q-switched lasers, etc. and may be used for example for micromachining. 1. A polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber for propagating at least one lower order mode having a wavelength , λ , while limiting propagation of higher order modes having a wavelength , λ , by providing said higher order modes with a higher loss than said at least one lower order mode at said wavelength , λ , said optical fiber comprising:a first cladding region comprising one or more cladding features; anda core region surrounded by said first cladding region, said core region having a width of at least about 20 micrometers, said one or more cladding features configured to substantially confine propagation of said at least one lower order mode to said core region,wherein said one or more cladding features are arranged in no more than two layers around core region, andwherein said core region, said first cladding region, or both said core region and said first cladding region have a two dimensional asymmetry that provides birefringence2. The PM optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said width of said core region is less than about 300 micrometers.3. The PM optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said one or more cladding features are arranged in no more than one layer around said core region.4. The PM optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said PM optical fiber comprises at least one stress-producing region.5. The PM optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said one or more cladding features comprises stress elements.6. The PM optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said one or more cladding features ...

OPTICAL FIBER WINDING STRUCTURES AND TECHNIQUES

A fiber is wound into first and second coils lying substantially in respective first and second planar directions having a substantially orthogonal relationship. The first and second coils are configured to result in respective first and second birefringences that are dominated by bend-induced birefringence. The first and second birefringences have respective axes that are rotated with respect to each other in real space by an angle that is substantially equal to 90 degrees. Light traveling through the fiber has a state of polarization that evolves in substantially opposite directions as it travels respectively through the first and second coils. The first and second coils are configured such that light traveling through the fiber acquires respective, substantially opposite first and second phase shifts. Light traveling through the fiber acquires respective first and second differential group delays that substantially compensate for each other. 1. A method for winding an optical fiber , comprising:winding the fiber into a first coil and a second coil, wherein the first coil comprises a first plurality of loops lying substantially in a first planar direction and wherein the second coil comprises a second plurality of loops lying substantially in a second planar direction, wherein the first planar direction and the second planar direction have a substantially orthogonal relationship,wherein the first and second coils have respective bending radii are configured to produce respective first and second birefringences that are dominated by bend-induced birefringence,wherein the first birefringence and the second birefringence have respective axes that are rotated with respect to each other in real space by an angle that is substantially equal to 90 degrees, whereby light traveling through the fiber has a state of polarization that evolves in substantially opposite directions as it travels respectively through the first and second coils, andwherein the first and second ...

Fiber Geometrical Management for TEM00 Mode Pulse Energy Scaling of Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers

Methods and systems for managing pulse energy scaling are disclosed, including generating electromagnetic radiation; coupling the electromagnetic radiation to a fiber geometrical management system comprising: a tapered fiber comprising: an elliptical or rectangular core centrally positioned within a single or double cladding shell, wherein the core comprises a fiber material and a doped gain medium; an input face wherein the doped core comprises a major axis and a minor axis, wherein the ratio of the major to minor axis at the input face ranges from about 1 to about 100; an output face wherein the doped core comprises a major axis and a minor axis, wherein the ratio of the major to minor axis at the output face ranges from about 1 to about 100; and wherein the major (minor) axis is adiabatically or linearly tapered from the input face to the output face. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE OPTICAL SWITCH

A wavelength selective optical switch includes a light input/output unit having a plurality of input/output ports, a polarization plane-independent wavelength dispersion element that splits incident light input from the optical input/output unit into spatially different angles for each wavelength, and synthesizes emergent light from different directions and outputs the light to the optical input/output unit, a condenser element that condenses the light split by the wavelength splitting element, a polarization splitter that splits incident light incident via the condenser element according to a polarization component to result in first and second light beams, aligns a polarization direction by rotating a polarization direction of one of the beams, and synthesizes the incident light by rotating one polarization direction of the emergent light of the same wavelength among the first and second reflected light beams, and a space phase modulation element. 1. A wavelength selective optical switch comprising:a light input/output unit having a plurality of input/output ports;a polarization plane-independent wavelength dispersion element that splits incident light input from the optical input/output unit into spatially different angles for each wavelength, and synthesizes emergent light from different directions and outputs the light to the optical input/output unit;a condenser element that condenses the light split by the wavelength splitting element; splits incident light incident via the condenser element according to a polarization component to result in first and second light beams,', 'aligns a polarization direction by rotating a polarization direction of one of the beams, and', 'synthesizes the incident light by rotating one polarization direction of the emergent light of the same wavelength among the first and second reflected light beams;, 'a polarization splitter thata space phase modulation element arranged so as to receive incident light deployed on an xy plane ...

Component with filament connection and process for the production of a component with filament connection

The invention relates to a component with filament connection, in particular for communication, in particular for optical communication comprising: 2. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that the connection component is at a distance from the point at which the filament emerges from the substrate.3. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that the transition point of the filament is on the surface of the substrate.4. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that the pliable voluminous material takes the form of an elevation above a basal area on the substrate claim 1 , the transition point of the filament lies within this basal area and the dimension of the basal area in at least one direction of the basal area is greater than the height of the elevation.5. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that adhesion mechanisms are effective between voluminous material and hardened substrate at the interface between pliable voluminous material and hardened substrate.6. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that between the pliable voluminous material and the hardened substrate a boundary layer has been formed in which the voluminous material and the material of the substrate have entered into a coherent bond.7. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that between the pliable voluminous material and the hardened substrate an adhesive has been applied.8. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that the substrate takes the form of laminate.9. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that the material of the substrate comprises a thermoset and that the pliable voluminous material is an elastomer.10. Component according to claim 1 , where the connection component is a connection plug claim 1 , a push-in coupling or a place-holder for a functional connection that can be introduced subsequently claim 1 , applied at the end of the filament.11. Component according to claim 1 , characterized in that ...

Method for Production of Optical Waveguides and Coupling and Devices Made from the Same

Novel processing methods for production of high-refractive index contrast and low loss optical waveguides are disclosed. In one embodiment, a “channel” waveguide is produced by first depositing a lower cladding material layer with a low refractive index on a base substrate and a refractory metal layer. Then, an etch mask layer is deposited on the refractory layer, followed by selective etching of the refractory metal layer with a dry-etch tool with high selectivity to the etch mask layer. Then, the refractory metal layer is oxidized to form an oxidized refractory metal region, and a top cladding layer made of a second low refractive index material to encapsulate the oxidized refractory metal region. In another embodiment, a “ridge” waveguide is produced by using similar process steps with an added step of depositing a high-refractive-index material layer and an optional optically-transparent layer. 1. A method for producing a high-refractive index contrast and low loss optical waveguide , the method comprising the steps of:depositing a lower cladding material layer with a first low refractive index on a silicon base substrate;depositing or growing a refractory metal layer on top of the lower cladding material layer with the first low refractive index;forming an etch mask layer deposited on the refractory metal layer;selectively etching the refractory metal layer utilizing a dry-etching tool with high selectivity to the etch mask layer;oxidizing the refractory metal layer in high-temperature ambient oxygen, wherein the refractory metal layer subsequently forms an oxidized refractory metal region; anddepositing a top cladding layer made of a second low refractive index material to encapsulate the oxidized refractory metal region on top of the lower cladding material layer.2. The method for producing the high-refractive index contrast and low loss optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the oxidized refractory metal region is transparent for optical wavelength signals.3 ...

WAVEGUIDE INCLUDING LIGHT TURNING GAPS

The technology provides embodiments for a waveguide including gaps which turn the direction of light. Each of a plurality of planes located within a waveguide includes a group of gaps so that each of the gapped planes partially reflects out of the waveguide light within a first angle range and transmits down the waveguide light received within a second angle range. In some examples, the waveguide is formed by joining optically transparent sections, and each group of gaps is formed in a surface of each optically transparent section which becomes a joining surface when bonded with an abutting all flat surface of an adjacent section. The waveguide may be used in displays, and in particular in near-eye displays (NED)s. 1. A waveguide including gaps for turning light comprising:planar surfaces extending a length of the waveguide including a top planar surface;a plurality of gapped planes located within the waveguide surrounded by the planar surfaces, each gapped plane meeting the top planar surface tilted at a same angle;each gapped plane includes a group of gaps occupying a fraction of an area of the respective plane; andeach of the gapped planes partially reflects out of the waveguide light received within a first angle range and transmits down the waveguide light received within a second angle range.2. The waveguide of wherein the same angle is thirty (30) degrees from a normal plane to the top surface.3. The waveguide of wherein the gaps are filled with at least one of vacuum claim 1 , air or gas.4. The waveguide of wherein the gaps have parallel sides tilted at the same angle and are a quarter wavelength in thickness.5. The waveguide guide of wherein each group of gaps has a pseudo-randomized pattern.6. A optically transparent waveguide comprising:planar surfaces including a top planar surface and a bottom planar surface;joining surfaces, each joining surface having flat surface areas and a number of gaps and extending from the top planar surface to the bottom ...

KIND OF LOW MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY PM-PCF BASED ON MECHANICAL BUFFER

The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer is obtained by adding buffer structures in the cladding layer of the photonic crystal fiber. In the center of the fiber, the core region contains at least 3 layers of air-holes, enclosed by the cladding layer. The buffer structures are placed in the cladding layer. These buffer structures are formed by replacing silica of any shape by air, and are symmetrically located in X-axis and Y-axis directions to achieve mechanical isotropy. The buffer structures improve the fiber's performance in fiber coiling and stress conditions. Therefore, the fiber optic gyroscope using the PM-PCF can do without a magnetic shield, thus greatly reducing the weight of the fiber optic gyroscope and extending the scope of its application. Compared with the conventional commercial PCF, the PM-PCF provides the fiber optic gyroscope with lower temperature sensitivity and improved accuracy. 1. A low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer , comprising a photonic crystal fiber with a core region and a cladding layer enclosing the core region , wherein:the core region comprises at least 3 layers of air-holes and two enlarged air-holes of a dimension greater than that of each of the other air-holes;at least two buffer structures are formed in the cladding layer and positioned symmetrically with respect to an X-axis and/or a Y-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system having an origin at a center of the core region, wherein the two enlarged air-holes are positioned along the X-axis; andeach of the buffer structures is formed by replacing silica of any shape by air.2. The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer of claim 1 , wherein the core region has 3 layers of air-holes.3. The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer of claim 1 , wherein no solid materials are filled in the buffer structures during fabrication thereof.4. The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer of ...

INTERFEROMETRIC MATERIAL SENSING APPARATUS INCLUDING ADJUSTABLE COUPLING AND ASSOCIATED METHODS

A material sensing apparatus comprises an excitation source configured to induce waves in a workpiece, and an optical waveguide interferometer configured to sense the induced waves in the workpiece. The optical waveguide interferometer comprises a probe segment having a probe segment end, and an adjustable coupler configured to permit setting a gap between the probe segment end and the workpiece. A controller is coupled to the adjustable coupler and configured to set the gap between the probe segment end and the workpiece. 122-. (canceled)23. A material sensing apparatus comprising:an excitation source configured to induce waves in a workpiece; and a laser source,', 'a probe segment having a probe segment end to be positioned adjacent the workpiece and defining a gap therebetween,', 'a photodetector,', 'an optical coupler operatively connecting said laser source, said photodetector, and said probe segment, and', adjust the wavelength of said laser source so that a desired multiple of the wavelength equals the gap between the probe segment end and the workpiece, and', 'generate workpiece data based upon the sensed induced waves., 'a controller coupled to said laser source and said photodetector, and configured to'}], 'an optical waveguide interferometer configured to sense the induced waves in the workpiece and comprising'}24. The material sensing apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said controller generates the workpiece data to represent at least one of a density claim 23 , a thickness claim 23 , and a composition of the workpiece.25. The material sensing apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said probe end comprises an optical fiber with an angled endface.26. The material sensing apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said excitation source comprises at least one pulsed laser.27. A material sensing apparatus comprising:an excitation source configured to induce waves in a workpiece; and a laser source,', 'a probe segment having a probe segment end comprising an optical fiber with ...

POLARIZATION MAINTAINING FIBER, OPTICAL DEVICE, PREFORM OF POLARIZATION MAINTAINING FIBER, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

A polarization maintaining fiber includes: a core; an inner cladding enclosing the core; two stress applying parts that sandwich the inner cladding therebetween; and an outer cladding enclosing the inner cladding and the two stress applying parts. Each of the two stress applying parts is depressed inward against the inner cladding, and the core has a flattened cross section having a long-axis that corresponds to a direction in which the two stress applying parts are aligned. 1. A polarization maintaining fiber comprising:a core;an inner cladding enclosing the core;two stress applying parts that sandwich the inner cladding therebetween; andan outer cladding enclosing the inner cladding and the two stress applying parts, whereineach of the two stress applying parts is depressed inward against the inner cladding, andthe core has a flattened cross section having a long-axis that corresponds to a direction in which the two stress applying parts are aligned.2. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the two stress applying parts are each made of quartz glass doped with boron.3. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:a melt viscosity η1(z) of the core, a melt viscosity η2(z) of the inner cladding, a melt viscosity η3(z) of the stress applying parts, and a melt viscosity η4(z) of the outer cladding, at each cross section, have the following magnitude relations:η3(z)<η2(z)<η4(z), and η3(z)<η1(z)<η4(z).4. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the core is made of quartz glass doped with germanium, andthe inner cladding is made of quartz glass doped with fluorine and an updopant that cancels a refractive index decreasing effect of the fluorine.5. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 4 , wherein:the updopant contains one or both of phosphorus and germanium.6. An optical device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the polarization maintaining ...

Polarization controller and method of manufacture

A polarization controller comprising: (i) an optical fiber, and (ii) a carrier surrounding the optical fiber, the carrier comprising an off-center through hole with at least one collapsed region, such that the optical fiber is situated within the through hole and contacts the at least one collapsed region of the through hole, and the collapsed region exerts pressure on the optical fiber.

OPTICAL CIRCULATOR ARRAY

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for optical communications. In one aspect, an optical circulator array includes a plurality of stacked three port circulators each having a respective first port of a first port array, a respective second port of a second port array, and a respective third port of a third port array, wherein each of the plurality of staked three port circulators share optical components including: a first Wollaston prism coupled to the first port array, a first lens, a first half wave plate, a polarization dependent beam path separator, a second half wave plate, a second lens, a propagation direction dependent polarization rotation assembly, a second Wollaston prism coupled to the second port array, and a third Wollaston prism coupled to the third port array.

POSITION SENSOR

A position sensor includes: a sheet-form optical waveguide including an under cladding layer, linear cores arranged in a lattice on the under cladding layer, and an over cladding layer formed to cover the cores; a light-emitting element connected to one end surface of the cores; and a light-receiving element connected to the other end surface of the cores. A refractive index difference between the cores and the under cladding layer and a refractive index difference between the cores and the over cladding layer are set in a specific range. The cores have an elasticity modulus higher than those of the under and over cladding layers. The deformation rate of a cross section of the cores as seen in a pressed direction is lower than the deformation rates of cross sections of the over cladding layer and the under cladding layer when a surface of the optical waveguide is pressed. 1an optical waveguide in a sheet form including an under cladding layer in a sheet form, a plurality of linear cores arranged in a lattice form and formed on a surface of the under cladding layer, and an over cladding layer in a sheet form formed to cover the cores;a light-emitting element connected to one end surface of the cores; anda light-receiving element connected to the other end surface of the cores,wherein a pressed position is specified, based on a change in the amount of light propagating in the cores, when a surface of the position sensor is pressed at any position,wherein the position sensor is pressed with a tip input part of an input element, the tip input part having a radius of curvature R in μm,wherein, using the ratio A of the radius of curvature R to the thickness T in μm of the cores, a refractive index difference between the cores and the under cladding layer and a refractive index difference between the cores and the over cladding layer are set to values ranging between a maximum value Δmax expressed by Equation (1) below and a minimum value Δmin expressed by Equation (2) ...

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL CABLE, AND OPTICAL CONNECTOR

An MCF of the present embodiment has eight or more cores. A diameter of a common cladding is not more than 126 μm. Optical characteristics of each core are as follows: a TL at a predetermined wavelength of 1310 nm is not more than 0.4 dB/km; an MFD at the predetermined wavelength is from 8.0 μm to 10.1 μm; a BL in a BR of not less than 5 mm or in the BR of not less than 3 mm and, less than 5 mm is not more than 0.25 dB/turn at the predetermined wavelength; λ0 is from 1300 nm to 1324 nm; λcc is not more than 1260 nm; an XT or XTs at the predetermined wavelength is not more than 0.001/km. 115-. (canceled)16. A pair of optical connectors butted against each other , each of the butted optical connectors comprising: a resin ferrule; and four or more multi-core optical fibers arrayed in the ferrule , each of the multi-core optical fibers has a common cladding with a diameter of 124 to 126 μm, and two or more cores,', 'in each of the multi-core optical fibers, an outmost core is arranged so that a distance between a core center of the outmost core out of the two or more cores and a center of a cross section of the common cladding is not more than 45 μm,', 'projection amounts of end faces of the respective multi-core optical fibers from an end face of the ferrule are not less than 2 μm, and a variation of the projection amounts among the multi-core optical fibers is not more than 0.3 μm, and', 'the end faces projecting from the end face of the ferrule are polished, and, 'wherein in each of the butted optical connectors,'}wherein in each pair of the faced multi-core optical fibers of the butted optical connectors, a pressing force for achieving physical contact connection of each pair of the faced cores is 22 N or less.17. The pair of optical connectors according to claim 16 , wherein at least the end face of the ferrule is bent while the physical contact connection of each pair of the faced cores is achieved.18. The pair of optical connectors according to claim 16 , wherein ...

ANTI-CRACKING PANDA-TYPE POLARIZATION-MAINTAINING OPTICAL FIBER

An anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber includes a cladding layer, stress layers, and a fiber core. The fiber core is located in the center of the cladding layer. The stress layers are located symmetrically at two sides of the fiber core with a distance away from the fiber core and are located within the cladding layer. Each stress layer is enclosed at edges of their outer sides by a transition layer with a gradient refractive index. By providing the transition layer with the gradient refractive index at the edge of the outer side of the stress layer, the pressure stress at the edge of the stress layer is decomposed and released, so as to avoid cracks at the edge of the polished stress layer on the end of the optical fiber, and thus optimizes the performance of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber by decreasing the room temperature polishing cracking rate. 1. An anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber , comprising a cladding layer , stress layers , and a fiber core , whereinthe fiber core is located in a center of the cladding layer,the stress layers are located symmetrically at two sides of the fiber core with a distance away from the fiber core and are located within the cladding layer, andthe stress layers each are enclosed at edges of their outer sides by a transition layer with a gradient refractive index.2. The anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the transition layer with the gradient refractive index has a single-layer thickness d ranging from 1 μm to 4 μm claim 1 , and has a relative refractive index gradually decreasing from outside to inside.3. The anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to claim 2 , wherein the transition layer with the gradient refractive index has a minimum relative refractive index ranging from −0.1% to −0.2%.4. The anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber according ...

ROTARY OPTICAL BEAM GENERATOR

An optical fiber device may include a unitary core including a primary section and a secondary section, wherein at least a portion of the secondary section is offset from a center of the unitary core, wherein the unitary core twists about an optical axis of the optical fiber device along a length of the optical fiber device, and wherein a refractive index of the primary section is greater than a refractive index of the secondary section; and a cladding surrounding the unitary core. 123-. (canceled)24. A method , comprising:fabricating a rotator fiber preform having a unitary core with a refractive index structure that angularly varies with respect to a center of the rotator fiber preform;consolidating the rotator fiber preform in order to create a consolidated rotator fiber preform;concurrently drawing and spinning the consolidated rotator fiber preform in order to create a spun rotator fiber; and wherein, within the tapered spun rotator fiber, the unitary core rotates about an optical axis of the tapered spun rotator fiber along a length of the tapered spun rotator fiber, and', 'wherein a rate of twist at which the unitary core twists about the optical axis increases from a first rate of twist at a first end of the tapered spun rotator fiber to a second rate of twist at a second end of the tapered spun rotator fiber., 'tapering the spun rotator fiber in order to create a tapered spun rotator fiber,'}25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:splicing the spun rotator fiber to an end of an output fiber prior to tapering the spun rotator fiber.26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the rotator fiber preform is consolidated during a preforming process associated with fabricating the rotator fiber preform.27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the rotator fiber preform is consolidated during a drawing and spinning process associated with concurrently drawing and spinning the consolidated rotator fiber preform.28. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:securing ...

DIRECTIONAL COUPLER AND DESIGN METHOD THEREOF, OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE ELEMENT AND WAVELENGTH FILTER

There is provided a directional coupler including a first optical waveguide core and a second optical waveguide core that are arranged in separate and parallel to each other and that propagate one of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves of an m-th order and propagate the other of the TE polarized waves and the TM polarized waves of an n-th order. A separation distance between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core and a width of the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core are set such that a mode coupling coefficient of a p-th mode of one of the polarized waves and a mode coupling coefficient of a q-th mode of the other polarized waves match between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core. 1. A directional coupler comprising:a first optical waveguide core and a second optical waveguide core that are arranged in parallel to each other and that propagate either TE polarized waves or TM polarized waves of an m-th order (m is in integer of 1 or more) and propagate the orthogonally polarized waves of an n-th order (n is an integer of 0 or more);whereina separation distance between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core and a width of the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core are set such that a mode coupling coefficient of a p-th mode of one of the polarized waves (p is an integer satisfying 0≦p≦m) and a mode coupling coefficient of a q-th mode of the other polarized waves (q is an integer satisfying 0≦q≦n) match between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core.2. The directional coupler according to claim 1 , whereinat least one of the p-th mode and the q-th mode is a higher-order mode.3. An optical waveguide element comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the directional coupler according to ;'}a first sub-waveguide core that includes a first converter; anda second ...

MULTICHANNEL OPTICAL COUPLER

A multichannel optical coupler can include an output optical coupler array and a plurality of optical fibers. At least two of the plurality of optical fibers can be connected together at an end opposite the output optical coupler array. 1. A multichannel optical coupler comprising:an output optical coupler array; anda plurality of optical fibers, wherein at least two of said plurality of optical fibers are connected together at an end opposite said output optical coupler array.2. The multichannel optical coupler of claim 1 , wherein the output optical coupler array comprises a reflector to form a Talbot cavity.3. The multichannel optical coupler of claim 1 , wherein the output optical coupler array comprises a pitch reducing optical fiber array.4. The multichannel optical coupler of claim 3 , wherein the output optical coupler array comprises: 'an inner vanishing core, having a first refractive index (N-1), and having a first inner core size (ICS-1) at said first end, and a second inner core size (ICS-2) at said second end; an outer core, longitudinally surrounding said inner core, having a second refractive index (N-2), and having a first outer core size (OCS-1) at said first end, and a second outer core size (OCS-2) at said second end, and an outer cladding, longitudinally surrounding said outer core, having a third refractive index (N-3), a first cladding size at said first end, and a second cladding size at said second end; and wherein said common single coupler housing structure comprises a transversely contiguous medium having a fourth refractive index (N-4) surrounding said plurality of longitudinal waveguides, wherein a predetermined relative magnitude relationship between said first, second, third and fourth refractive indices (N-1, N-2, N-3, and N-4, respectively), comprises the following magnitude relationship: (N-1>N-2>N-3),', 'a common single coupler housing structure; a plurality of longitudinal waveguides each positioned at a predetermined spacing ...

GENERATION OF AZIMUTHALLY OR RADIALLY POLARIZED RADIATION IN OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

The invention relates to an apparatus for generating azimuthally or radially polarized radiation by means of an optical waveguide (), wherein the optical waveguide () has a structure which is suitable for conducting azimuthally or radially polarized modes (). The invention proposes that the azimuthally or radially polarized modes () in the optical waveguide () have different effective refractive indices and, within the optical waveguide (), a narrow-band grating () is arranged, in particular a fibre Bragg grating () which is designed such that the spectral distance between two azimuthally or radially polarized resonant modes () is equal to or greater than the associated spectral bandwidth. 11157. Device for generating azimuthally or radially polarized radiation by means of an optical waveguide () , wherein the optical waveguide () has a structure which is suitable for conducting azimuthally or radially polarized modes ( , ){'b': 5', '7', '1', '1', '2', '5', '7, 'wherein the azimuthally or radially polarized modes (, ) in the optical waveguide () have different effective refractive indices and, within the optical waveguide (), a narrow-band grating (), is arranged, in particular a fibre Bragg grating, which is designed such that the spectral distance between two azimuthally or radially polarized resonant modes (, ) is equal to or greater than the associated spectral bandwidth.'}2218911. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the grating () is an inhomogeneous grating claim 1 , in particular an inhomogeneous fibre Bragg grating claim 1 , which is designed such that it converts one mode of the waveguide () claim 1 , in particular the base mode () claim 1 , into at least one azimuthally or radially polarized mode ( claim 1 , ).312. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide () with the grating () arranged therein is arranged outside an oscillator.412. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide () with the grating () arranged therein is ...

ALIGNMENT OF SINGLE-MODE POLYMER WAVEGUIDE (PWG) ARRAY AND SILICON WAVEGUIDE (SIWG) ARRAY OF PROVIDING ADIABATIC COUPLING

A method for fabricating, and a structure embodying, a single-mode polymer wave guide array aligned with a polymer waveguide array through adiabatic coupling. The present invention provides a structure having a combination of (i) a stub fabricated on a polymer and (ii) a groove fabricated on a silicon (Si) chip, with which an adiabatic coupling can be realized by aligning (a) a (single-mode) polymer waveguide (PWG) array fabricated on the polymer with (b) a silicon waveguide (SiWG) array fabricated on the silicon chip; wherein, the stub fabricated on the polymer is patterned according to a nano-imprint process, along with the PWG array, in a direction in which the PWG array is fabricated, and the groove fabricated on the silicon chip is fabricated along a direction in which the SiWG array is fabricated. 1. A combination of a stub fabricated on a polymer and a groove fabricated on a silicon (Si) chip , with which an adiabatic coupling can be realized by aligning a (single-mode) polymer waveguide (PWG) array fabricated on the polymer , with a silicon waveguide (SiWG) array fabricated on the silicon chip;wherein, the stub fabricated on the polymer is patterned according to a nano-imprint process, along with the PWG array, in a direction in which the PWG array is fabricated, and the groove fabricated on the silicon chip is fabricated along a direction in which the SiWG array is fabricated.2. A combination according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer and the silicon chip are secured to each other by an optical epoxy or a UV adhesive.3. A structure comprising a combination according to claim 2 , the structure further including an MTP connector secured to the polymer and an interposer secured to the silicon chip claim 2 , wherein these are encapsulated.4. A package structure comprising a combination according to claim 3 , further including a heat sink secured to the silicon chip and a cover plate claim 3 , wherein the whole body is covered by the cover plate.5. A combination ...

DEVICE FOR THE TEMPORAL SHAPING OF THE AMPLITUDE AND PHASE OF ULTRASHORT LIGHT PULSES

A device for the temporal shaping of the amplitude and phase of ultrashort pulses, includes: a birefringent waveguide of main axis Δ consisting of a nematic liquid crystal located between a photoconductive material and a substrate , two transparent electrodes, one of which is located between the nematic liquid crystal and the substrate , and the other such that the photoconductive material is located between the other electrode and the nematic liquid crystal , and projection optics for projecting a programmable optical mask onto the photoconductive material 1. Device for a temporal shaping of the amplitude and phase of ultrashort pulses ,which includes:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'a birefringent waveguide () with a main axis (Δ) formed by a nematic liquid crystal () located between a photoconductor material () and a substrate (),'}{'b': 5', '2', '4', '6', '3', '6', '2, 'two transparent electrodes located one () between said nematic liquid crystal () and said substrate (), and the other () so that said photoconductor material () is located between said other () and said nematic liquid crystal (), and'}{'b': 7', '8', '3, 'optics () for projecting a programmable optical mask () onto said photoconductor material ().'}2. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': '3', 'wherein said photoconductor material () is an amorphous silicon layer α-Si:H or a mixed bismuth and silicon oxide (BSO) crystal.'}3. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': '4', 'wherein said substrate () is a glass plate or a conductive material plate.'}4. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': 8', '3', '13, 'wherein said programmable optical mask () projected onto said photoconductor material () is an array () of black and white lines with a variable pitch.'}5. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': 15', '3', '16, 'wherein said programmable optical mask () projected onto said photoconductor material () is an array () of gray lines ranging from black to white with a variable pitch.'}6. Device according to claim 4 , wherein{'b': ...

LARGE CORE HOLEY FIBERS

Holey fibers provide optical propagation. In various embodiments, a large core holey fiber comprises a cladding region formed by large holes arranged in few layers. The number of layers or rows of holes about the large core can be used to coarse tune the leakage losses of the fundamental and higher modes of a signal, thereby allowing the non-fundamental modes to be substantially eliminated by leakage over a given length of fiber. Fine tuning of leakage losses can be performed by adjusting the hole dimension and/or spacing to yield a desired operation with a desired leakage loss of the fundamental mode. Resulting holey fibers have a large hole dimension and spacing, and thus a large core, when compared to traditional fibers and conventional fibers that propagate a single mode. Other loss mechanisms, such as bend loss and modal spacing can be utilized for selected modes of operation of holey fibers. 1. An optical fiber for propagating a single optical mode , said optical fiber comprising:a cladding region comprising a plurality of cladding features disposed in a matrix, said plurality of cladding features having an average spacing, Λ, and an average size, d, said plurality of cladding features being substantially arranged in a plurality of layers, N; anda core region surrounded by said cladding region, said plurality of cladding features substantially confining propagation of said single optical mode to said core region, said plurality of cladding features having (i) sufficient average spacing, Λ, to provide an increased effective core size, 2ρ, and (ii) a sufficient average size, d, to provide substantial confinement of light having a wavelength, λ, within said core region,wherein said average size, d, and said average spacing, Λ, have values at least about 20 micrometers to provide an effective core size of at least about 20 micrometers;wherein d/Λ is at least about 0.6, and said optical fiber is configured to propagate said single optical mode in said core region ...

Single mode propagation in fibers and rods with large leakage channels

Various embodiments include large cores fibers that can propagate few modes or a single mode while introducing loss to higher order modes. Some of these fibers are holey fibers that comprise cladding features such as air-holes. Additional embodiments described herein include holey rods. The rods and fibers may be used in many optical systems including optical amplification systems, lasers, short pulse generators, Q-switched lasers, etc. and may be used for example for micromachining.

Periodic Probabilistic Two-Dimensional cluster State Generator with Arbitrary Interconnections

A Periodic Cluster State Generator (PCSG) consisting of a monolithic integrated waveguide device that employs four wave mixing, an array of probabilistic Photon Guns, single mode Sequential Entanglers and an array of controllable entangling gates between modes to create arbitrary size and shape cluster states with several constraints. The cluster state is assumed linear or square lattice. Only nearest neighbor qubits are entangled. Such a cluster state resource has been proven to be able to perform universal quantum computing if the initial state is large enough. 1. A photonic cluster state generator , comprisingan optical divider stage having an input into which photons from a photon source are applied, and a plurality of outputs among which said photons are evenly divided and output;a like plurality of polarization and delay stages for synchronizing said photons in time;a like plurality of first entanglement stages for creating entangled chains of said synchronized photons;a plurality of second entanglement stages for entangling said photon chains so as to produce and output cluster states;a controller for selectably controlling said delay and entanglement of said photons and photon chains; anda clock source for synchronizing said controller with the arrival of said photons.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said optical divider stage claim 1 , polarization and delay stages claim 1 , first entanglement stages claim 1 , and second entanglement stages are fabricated as integrated optical components on a chip claim 1 , each being interconnected by optical waveguide disposed therein.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein each of said first entanglement stages comprisea plurality of delay lines for synchronizing said photons in time;an entangling gate having bypass and entangling inputs and bypass and entangling outputs for selectively entangling said photons; anda plurality of multimode interferometers for selectably routing said photons, in response to signals from ...

PORTABLE POLARIMETRIC FIBER STRESS SENSOR SYSTEM FOR VISCO-ELASTIC AND BIOMIMETIC MATERIAL ANALYSIS

An all-optical fiber sensor apparatus includes a light source and an in-line fiber polarizer that polarizes light received from the light source. The in-line fiber polarizer outputs light in a first polarization state which is directed to a polarization-maintaining fiber. After receiving the light in a first polarization state, the polarization-maintaining fiber transmits the light such that the light exits as light in a second polarization state. During measurements, the polarization-maintaining fiber contacts a test sample. A compression device compresses the test sample. The compression device applies a time varying force to the test sample in which the force is sequentially increased. A polarimeter receives the light in a second polarization state and outputs polarization state data for the light in a second polarization state. Finally, a data processor is in communication with the polarimeter to receive and stores the polarization state data. 1. An apparatus comprising:a light source;an in-line fiber polarizer that polarizes light received from the light source, the in-line fiber polarizer outputting light in a first polarization state;a polarization-maintaining fiber having fast axis and a slow axis, the polarization-maintaining fiber receiving the light in a first polarization state which is then transmitted through the polarization-maintaining fiber exiting as light in a second polarization state, the polarization-maintaining fiber contacting a test sample;a compression device that applies a force (F) to and compresses the test sample that is in contact with the polarization-maintaining fiber, the force being applied over at a contact area on the test sample, the compression device applying a time varying force to the test sample in which the force is sequentially increased;a polarimeter that receives the light in a second polarization state and outputs polarization state data for the light in an second polarization state; anda data processor in ...

Illumination Source for use in Inspection Methods and/or Lithography; Inspection and Lithographic Apparatus and Inspection Method

An illumination system for a lithographic or inspection apparatus. A plurality of optical waveguides transmit radiation from the illumination source to an output. A switching system enables selective control of one or more subsets of the optical waveguides. An inspection method uses an illumination system and inspection and lithographic apparatuses comprise an illumination system. In one example, the optical waveguides and switching system are replaced by a plurality of parallel optical bandpass filter elements. The optical bandpass filter elements each only transmit a predetermined wavelength or a band of wavelengths of radiation. At least two of the parallel optical bandpass filter elements each being operable to transmit a different wavelength or band of wavelengths. 1. A system comprising:a source of radiation;waveguides configured to transmit radiation from the source of radiation to an output;a switching system configured to allow selective control of transmission characteristics of the waveguides;a controller configured to select a wavelength of radiation output by the waveguides so as to define an illumination profile having different wavelengths simultaneously in different regions of an illumination pupil plane.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the switching system is configured to switch between a transmitting state and a non-transmitting state of the waveguides.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to select the wavelength of radiation output by each waveguide.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller controls a filtering system between the source and the waveguides.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the source of radiation comprises a broadband lamp.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller directly controls the source of radiation.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the source of radiation comprises fiber-coupled light emitting diodes.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to ...

LIGHT GUIDE BODY, LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE AND IMAGE READING DEVICE

A light guide body () includes a light guide main body (), a band region (), and radial microstructures (). The light guide main body () is columnar, and light enters the light guide main body () from at least one end portion (). The band region () is formed extending in the lengthwise direction of a portion of a circumferential surface of the light guide main body (). The radial microstructures () are arranged in the band region () and are formed as microstructures that each have protruding parts extending radially in at least three directions in a band region portion from a reference point. 1. A light guide body comprising:a columnar main body into which light enters from at least one end portion;a band region portion formed extending in a lengthwise direction in a portion of a circumferential surface of the main body; anda plurality of light reflection members arranged in the band region portion, each light reflection member of the plurality of light reflection members being formed by a microstructure,whereinthe microstructure comprises protruding parts extending radially in at least three directions from a reference point in the band region portion, the reference point being an intersection of the band region portion and a reference axis that is a straight line perpendicular to the band region portion,the microstructure has cross sections including a first cross section and a second cross section, each cross section being in a plane including the reference axis,the first cross section intersects a bottom portion disposed between two adjacent protuberance parts,the second cross section intersects an apex portion that extends radially,a slope of a profile of the microstructure in the first cross section is steeper than a slope of a profile of the microstructure in the second cross section in the protruding parts, andin the first cross section and the second cross section, a distance between the profile of the microstructure and a plane of the band region portion ...

ANTI-TORSION SOLID-CORE POLARIZATION-MAINTAINING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER BASED ON ANISOTROPY OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION

An anti-torsion solid-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber includes a cladding having an inner layer arranged around the core and an outer layer between the inner layer and the outer wall of the cladding. The inner layer has multi-layer air holes used to construct optical properties and two micron-size air holes arranged along the x-axis extending in the center producing form birefringence. The outer layer includes multi-layer air holes arranged radially along the y-axis. The size and arrangement of the multi-layer air holes in the outer layer cause the bending stiffness of the photonic crystal fiber along the x-axis to be different from that along the y-axis. While meeting the requirements of the optical properties of the fiber, the photonic crystal fiber possesses an anti-torsion ability due to the anisotropy of stress distribution in the radial direction, thereby reducing the non-reciprocal phase difference generated by the magneto-optic Faraday Effect. 1. An anti-torsion solid-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber based on anisotropy of stress distribution , the photonic crystal fiber comprising a core and a cladding that includes an inner layer arranged around the core and an outer layer between the inner layer and an outer wall of the cladding , whereinthe inner layer has multiple layers of first air holes arranged for constructing optical properties and two micron-size air holes arranged along an x-axis extending through a center of the inner layer for guaranteeing birefringence in the fiber, wherein the micron-size air holes are each larger than each of the first air holes;the outer layer has multiple layers of second air holes arranged around a y-axis, wherein the y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis;the inner layer and the outer layer as a whole are symmetric with respect to the x-axis and the y-axis as a whole; andis the multiple layers of second air holes are configured in a way as to cause the bending stiffness of the ...

Diffractive Waveplate Lenses and Applications

Methods, systems and devices for diffractive waveplate lens and mirror systems allowing electronically focusing light at different focal planes. The system can be incorporated into a variety of optical schemes for providing electrical control of transmission. In another embodiment, the system comprises diffractive waveplate of different functionality to provide a system for controlling not only focusing but other propagation properties of light including direction, phase profile, and intensity distribution. 1. An optical system comprising:a light source;one or more diffractive waveplate lenses with switchable optical power; anda switching device for selectively switching the optical power of said diffractive waveplate lenses.2. The optical system as in wherein each successive diffractive waveplate lens in said optical system has a focusing power double of the focusing power of the previous lens to focus the beam of said light source to any of 2focal planes claim 1 , adjacent accessible focal planes being equally separated.3. The optical system as in wherein said light source is fiber coupled.4. The optical system as in wherein said one or more diffractive waveplate lenses are positioned such that a coupling between two optical fibers can be turned on and off by switching one or more of the diffractive lenses on and off.5. A fiber optic device comprisinga light source;a polarization maintaining optical fiber;a switchable diffractive waveplate lens at an output facet of the optical fiber; anda controller device for controlling a state of polarization in the optical fiber.6. The fiber optic device as in wherein the controller device switches between one or more of an illuminator and focusing states.7. The fiber optics device as in wherein the light source provides power for surgical application.8. An optical system comprising:a light source;one or more diffractive waveplate lenses;one or more variable phase retardation plates;a switching device for selectively ...

TUNABLE OPTOFLUIDIC APPARATUS, METHOD, AND APPLICATIONS

Embodiments include optofluidic apparatus that may be used to detect and manipulate nanoparticles or biomolecules within a fluid. To achieve that result, the embodiments use a fluidic channel located over a substrate. Particular embodiments also use: (1) an optical waveguide located over the substrate and particularly within the fluidic channel along with an optical resonator that may or may not be located within fluidic channel; and also (2) a phase shifter component coupled to either the waveguide or the optical resonator. Additional embodiments use an MZI or an MZI with an optical resonator to further provide the phase shifter component coupled to one arm of the MZI or the optical resonator. 1. An optofluidic apparatus comprising:a fluidic channel located over a substrate; and an optical waveguide optically coupled with an optical resonator each located over the substrate; and', 'a waveguide based Mach-Zender interferometer also located over the substrate, where at least a portion of the optical waveguide or an output portion of the waveguide based Mach-Zender interferometer is located at least in-part within the fluidic channel; and, 'at least one ofa phase shifter component also located over the substrate but not in the fluidic channel, and operatively coupled with at least one of the optical waveguide, the optical resonator and the waveguide based Mach-Zender interferometer.2. An optofluidic apparatus comprising:a fluidic channel located over a substrate;an optical waveguide located over the substrate and partially within the fluidic channel;an optical resonator located over the substrate, in the fluidic channel and coupled with the optical waveguide; anda phase shifter component located coupled with the optical waveguide at a location outside of the fluidic channel.3. The optofluidic apparatus of further comprising:a light source coupled to one end of the optical waveguide; anda photodetector coupled to an other end of the optical waveguide.4. The optofluidic ...

OPTICAL DEFLECTION ELEMENT AND OPTICAL DEFLECTION DEVICE

An optical deflection element is provided with a substrate; an optical waveguide film made of an electro-optic medium, and constituting an optical waveguide formed on the substrate; a first electrode pair disposed on an incident side of the optical waveguide film at a position facing a film thickness direction of the optical waveguide film, and configured to deflect a light beam transmitting through the optical waveguide film in an in-plane direction of the optical waveguide film in accordance with a first applied voltage; and a second electrode pair disposed on an output side of the optical waveguide film at a position facing the film thickness direction of the optical waveguide film, and configured to deflect the light beam deflected in the in-plane direction of the optical waveguide film by the first electrode pair in the film thickness direction of the optical waveguide film in accordance with a second applied voltage. The second electrode pair includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are formed to have lengths different from each other in a direction of travel of the light beam transmitting through the optical waveguide film. 1. An optical deflection element , comprising:a substrate;an optical waveguide film made of an electro-optic medium, and constituting an optical waveguide formed on the substrate;a first electrode pair disposed on an incident side of the optical waveguide film at a position facing a film thickness direction of the optical waveguide film, and configured to deflect a light beam transmitting through the optical waveguide film in an in-plane direction of the optical waveguide film in accordance with a first applied voltage; anda second electrode pair disposed on an output side of the optical waveguide film at a position facing the film thickness direction of the optical waveguide film, and configured to deflect the light beam deflected in the in-plane direction of the optical waveguide ...

TM-POLARIZATION SPLITTER BASED ON PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDE

A photonic crystal waveguide TM-polarization splitter, comprising a photonic crystal waveguide with a completely forbidden band; after the input end () of the photonic crystal waveguide inputs an incident wave in any polarization direction into the polarization splitter, a TM wave is outputted from the output end () of the polarization splitter, and a TE wave is reflected back from the input end () of the polarization splitter. The TM-polarization splitter has a small size, high polarization, and high light transmission efficiency, facilitates integration and has high efficiency, is suitable for large scale optical path integration, and achieves the functions of polarizing and beam splitting for different wavelengths. 1. A TM-polarization splitter based on a photonic crystal waveguide , comprising a waveguide formed in a photonic crystal with a complete photonic bandgap , wherein after the incident wave with any polarization direction is inputted into the polarization splitter via the input port of the photonic crystal waveguide , TM wave is outputted from the output port of the polarization splitter , while the TE wave is reflected from the input port of the polarization splitter.2. The TM-polarization splitter based on a photonic crystal waveguide according to claim 1 , Wherein dielectric defect rods are arranged in the photonic crystal waveguide claim 1 , the refractive index for the e-fight is more than that for the o-light in the dielectric defect rods in waveguide claim 1 , and the direction of the optical axis of the dielectric defect rods in waveguide is consistent with that of the background dielectric rods.3. The TM-polarization splitter based on a photonic crystal waveguide according to claim 2 , wherein the number of the dielectric defect rods in waveguide is 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6.4. The TM-polarization splitter based on a photonic crystal waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the photonic crystal waveguide is a two-dimensional photonic crystal ...

PASSIVE ALIGNING OPTICAL COUPLER ARRAY

An optical coupler array can include an elongated optical element having a coupler housing structure and at least one longitudinal waveguide embedded in said housing structure. The housing structure can have an outer cross sectional shape comprising a first side comprising one or more curved portions and a second side comprising one or more flat portions. The second side can be disposed at a distance from the at least one longitudinal waveguide such that waveguiding properties are preserved and not disturbed. 1. An optical coupler array for optical coupling of a plurality of optical fibers to an optical device , comprising: [{'b': 1', '1', '2', '2', '1', '2', '3', '4', '1', '2', '3', '4', '1', '2', '3', '1', '1', '2', '2', '2, 'an inner vanishing core, having a first refractive index (N-), and having a first inner core size (ICS-) at said first end, an intermediate inner core size (ICS-IN) at said intermediate cross section, and a second inner core size (ICS-) at said second end; an outer core, longitudinally surrounding said inner core, having a second refractive index (N-), and having a first outer core size (OCS-) at said first end, an intermediate outer core size (OCS-IN) at said intermediate cross section, and a second outer core size (OCS-) at said second end, and an outer cladding, longitudinally surrounding said outer core, having a third refractive index (N-), a first cladding size at said first end, and a second cladding size at said second end; and wherein said common single coupler housing structure comprises a transversely contiguous medium having a fourth refractive index (N-) surrounding said plurality of longitudinal waveguides, wherein a predetermined relative magnitude relationship between said first, second, third and fourth refractive indices (N-, N-, N-, and N-, respectively), comprises the following magnitude relationship: (N->N->N-), wherein a total volume of said medium of said common single coupler housing structure is greater than a total ...

METHOD FOR REALIZING AN OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE IN A SUBSTRATE BY MEANS OF A FEMTOSECOND LASER

A method for realizing an optical waveguide in a substrate by means of a femtosecond laser system, the waveguide including a birefringence axis tilted by a predetermined angle for at least a segment, is disclosed. The method includes preparing a substrate including a free surface, focusing a femtosecond laser beam into the substrate, in order to induce a refractive index modification of a volume of such substrate around the focal region. The method further includes varying a propagation direction of the femtosecond laser beam to reach a propagation direction describing a predetermined non-vanishing angle with respect to the normal to the free surface of the substrate, and translating the focal region with respect to the substrate, in order to generate the waveguide segment. 1. A method of fabricating a waveguide in a substrate using a femtosecond laser system , such waveguide having a birefringence axis tilted at a fixed angle for at least a segment , comprising:preparing a substrate in which the waveguide is to be fabricated, the substrate having a free surface upon which a femtosecond pulsed laser beam is configured to impinge;positioning an immersion lens apt to focus the laser beam in the substrate;introducing a first optical element;making the laser beam impinge on the first optical element, which directs the laser beam towards the immersion lens;focusing the femtosecond pulsed laser beam at a given depth inside the substrate, in order to induce a refractive index change in a volume of said substrate around the focus, wherein the laser beam propagates in the substrate along a direction, said focusing including making the laser beam impinge on said-immersion lens in a first position;varying the propagation direction of the laser beam in the substrate, maintaining the beam focused, translating or rotating the first optical element, in order to operate a translation of the laser beam, to modify the impinging position of the laser beam on the immersion lens, in ...

Stack of Light Guide Plates and Method for Processing the Same

A stack of light guide plates is proposed. Each light guide plate includes a light guide plate body and an incident side, thickness of the incident side is more than thickness of the light guide plate body, two light guide plates are reversely arranged and laminated when the two light guide plates are processed, and then a plurality of a pair of laminated light guide plates are stacked. The present embodiment provides a method for processing light guide plates. Even though the thickness of the incident side or the wedged shape of the incident side changes, the method can be adopted. The stack of light guide plates remain neat and flat using the method. Because a batch of light guide plates are cut and polished using the method, the efficiency in processing light guide plates improves. In this way, utilization of the equipment improves as well. 112. A stack of light guide plates , where each light guide plate comprises a light guide plate body and an incident side , thickness T of the incident side is more than thickness T of the light guide plate body , two light guide plates are reversely arranged and laminated when the two light guide plates are processed , and then a plurality of a pair of laminated light guide plates are stacked.2. The stack of light guide plates as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the light guide plate comprises at least an incident surface claim 1 , a light emitting surface claim 1 , and a bottom claim 1 , the light emitting surfaces of the two light guide plates are disposed face to face claim 1 , and a terminal of the incident side of the one light guide plate is not taller than a plane where the bottom of the other light guide plate is situated.3. The stack of light guide plates as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the incident side of the light guide plate is wedge-shaped and comprises a slope claim 2 , and the slope is connected to the middle of the incident surface and the light emitting surface.4. The stack of light guide plates as claimed in ...

Apparatus For Providing Polarization Rotation

Various embodiments provide a waveguide-based polarization rotator that comprises top and bottom claddings of substantially the same material. In some embodiments, the waveguide-based polarization rotator converts between Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes.

SLAB-MODE AND POLARIZATION CLEAN-UP IN SILICON PHOTONICS

Disclosed are structures and methods directed to waveguide structures exhibiting improved device performance including improved attenuation of scattered light and/or transverse magnetic modes. In an illustrative embodiment according to the present disclosure, a rib waveguide structure including a rib overlying a slab waveguide (or superimposed thereon) is constructed wherein the slab waveguide is heavily doped at a distance from the rib which has a very low overlap with rib guided modes. Advantageously, such doping may be of the P-type or of the N-type, and dopants could be any of a number of known ones including—but not limited to—boron, phosphorous, etc.—or others that increase optical propagation loss. As may be appreciated, the doped regions advantageously absorb scattered light which substantially improves the structure's performance. 1. An improved rib waveguide structure comprising:a slab waveguide including one or more ribs formed upon a top surface of the slab waveguide;wherein said slab waveguide is heavily doped in regions at a predetermined distance from the edges of the rib.2. The improved waveguide structure of wherein the predetermined distance from the edges of the rib is from 1-2 μm.3. The improved waveguide structure of wherein the dopant is one selected from the group consisting of P-type and N-type.4. The improved waveguide structure of further including a metal deposited upon a top surface of the slab waveguide such that it substantially overlies the heavily doped regions.5. The improved waveguide structure of wherein the dopant is selected from the group consisting of boron claim 2 , phosphorous or others that increase optical propagation loss.6. The improved waveguide structure according to wherein said heavily doped regions are doped to concentrations of substantially 1E20.7. The improved waveguide structure according to wherein said rib is substantially 0.07 μm thick claim 1 , and substantially 0.55 μm wide and the predetermined distances ...

LIGHT GUIDE PLATE, BACKLIGHTING MODULE AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE

The present disclosure relates to a light guide plate, a backlighting module and a liquid crystal display device. The light guide plate comprises a light guide plate body and an optical waveguide layer located within the light guide plate body. According to technical solutions of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide layer can modulate stray light in the light guide plate into collimated light, such that the collimated light is emitted out from a light exit side of the light guide plate. As compared with an existing approach, with the light guide plate of the present disclosure, a loss of incident light of the light guide plate is reduced, an optical efficiency of the backlighting module is improved, and thereby a display quality of the display device is promoted. 1. A light guide plate , comprising:a light guide plate body, andan optical waveguide layer located within the light guide plate body.2. The light guide plate according to claim 1 , whereinthe optical waveguide layer comprises at least ten layers of transparent dielectric, andrefractive indexes of the at least ten layers of transparent dielectric gradually increase in a light exit direction of the light guide plate.3. The light guide plate according to claim 2 , whereinthe at least ten layers of transparent dielectric are made of different materials.4. The light guide plate according to claim 2 , wherein claim 2 ,the at least ten layers of transparent dielectric are made of a same material with different densities.5. The light guide plate according to claim 2 , whereineach layer of transparent dielectric comprises a base layer and dopant particles, andbase layers of the at least ten layers of transparent dielectric are made of a same material while the dopant particles have different densities6. The light guide plate according to claim 1 , further comprising:a transmission enhancing layer located within the light guide plate body, wherein the transmission enhancing layer comprises a plurality of ...

POLARIZATION MAINTAINING, LARGE MODE AREA (PMVLMA) ERBIUM-DOPED OPTICAL FIBER AND AMPLIFIER

The disclosed subject matter relates to a polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) Erbium-doped fiber and a polarization maintaining, Er-doped VLMA amplifier. 1. A polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) optical fiber , comprisinga. an optical core region having a longitudinal axis, the optical core region comprising a concentration of erbium and having a diameter of about 50 μm;b. at least one stress rod having a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the at least one stress rod being substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core region; and the core region, the at least one stress rod and the cladding region configured to support and guide the propagation of signal light and signal included therein in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the core region,', 'wherein the optical fiber has a birefringence beat length of greater than about 14 mm., 'c. a cladding region surrounding the core region and the at least one stress rod,'}2. The polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the optical core region is different from the thermal expansion coefficient of the at least one stress rod.3. The polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) optical fiber of claim 1 , including two stress rods.4. The polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein the optical core and two stress rods are substantially aligned along a diameter axis of the optical fiber.5. The polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the optical core has an erbium absorption of 50 dB/m at 1530 nm.6. The polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber includes an effective area of about 1100 μm.7. A polarization-maintaining very large mode area (PM VLMA) amplifier claim 1 , comprising i. an input end;', 'ii. an ...

Optical System and Method

A system comprises a waveguide apparatus comprising a plurality of input waveguides, a multimode waveguide, and a guided-wave transition coupling the plurality of input waveguides to the multimode waveguide. The system further comprises at least one light source configured to excite in turn each of a plurality of the input waveguides, or each of a plurality of combinations of the input waveguides, thereby generating a plurality of different light patterns in turn at an output of the waveguide apparatus. The waveguide apparatus is configured to direct each of the plurality of different light patterns to a target region. The system further comprises at least one detector configured to detect light transmitted, reflected or emitted from the target region in response to each of the different light patterns, and to output signals representing the detected light. 1. A system comprising:a waveguide apparatus comprising a plurality of input waveguides, a multimode waveguide, and a guided-wave transition coupling the plurality of input waveguides to the multimode waveguide;at least one light source configured to excite in turn each of a plurality of the input waveguides, or each of a plurality of combinations of the input waveguides, or individually each of the input waveguides, thereby generating a plurality of different light patterns in turn at an output of the waveguide apparatus,wherein the waveguide apparatus is configured to direct each of the plurality of different light patterns to a target region; andat least one detector configured to detect light transmitted, reflected or emitted from the target region in response to each of the different light patterns, and to output signals representing the detected light.2. The system according to further comprising a processing resource configured to process the signals from the at least one detector to obtain an image of the target region.3. The system according to wherein the waveguide apparatus comprises an optical fibre ...

LIGHT RECEIVING DEVICE

A light receiving device has a light receiving section for receiving a remote control signal light beam, and a light guide section for guiding the light beam to the light receiving section. The light guide section has a first reflection surface for reflecting the light beam to the light receiving section, the first reflection surface being disposed to oppose obliquely at a sharp angle to an entrance plane, and a second reflection surface for guiding the remote control signal light beam, the second reflection surface being disposed between the entrance plane and the first reflection surface. The first reflection surface includes a circular arc curved surface curved outward in a part closer to the entrance plane and farther from the light receiving section, and a linear inclined surface in a part approaching the light receiving section from the curved surface. 1. A light receiving device comprising:a light receiving section for receiving a remote control signal light beam, the light receiving section being disposed in a controlled device which is remotely controllable by using a remote controller; anda light guide section for guiding the remote control signal light beam to the light receiving section, an entrance plane from which the remote control signal light beam enters;', 'a first reflection surface for reflecting the remote control signal light beam to the light receiving section, the first reflection surface being disposed to obliquely oppose to the entrance plane;', 'a second reflection surface for guiding the remote control signal light beam entered from the entrance plane to the first reflection surface, the second reflection surface being disposed between the entrance plane and the first reflection surface; and', 'an exit plane for emitting the remote control signal light beam to the light receiving section, the exit plane being disposed between the first reflection surface and the light receiving section, and, 'wherein the light guide section ...

FABRICATION OF AN OPTICAL WEDGE

Various embodiments are disclosed relating to fabrication of an optical wedge. For example, one embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an optical wedge comprising inserting a wedge blank into a vacuum molding tool and applying a vacuum to the vacuum molding tool to temporarily hold the wedge blank against a molding surface of the vacuum molding tool. The method further comprises removing a layer from a top surface of the wedge blank to expose a machined surface of the wedge blank, and casting a finish layer on the machined surface to form a finish layer of a finished optical wedge. 1. A vacuum molding system for forming an optical wedge from a wedge blank , the vacuum molding system comprising:a vacuum pump;a vacuum molding tool comprising one or more vacuum ports fluidly connected to the vacuum pump, the vacuum molding tool including a molding surface configured to temporarily shape a molded surface of the wedge blank under the urging of a pressure differential generated by the vacuum pump; anda casting plate configured to be retained across a finish layer of the wedge blank opposite from the molded surface of the wedge blank.2. The vacuum molding system of claim 1 , wherein the molding surface comprises an optical surface profile to be imparted to the molded surface of the wedge blank.3. The vacuum molding system of claim 2 , wherein the molding surface of the vacuum molding tool includes one or more local topographic characteristics each configured to impart a complementary local topographic feature to the molded surface of the wedge blank.4. The vacuum molding system of claim 1 , wherein the casting plate comprises a float glass plate configured to impart a planar surface to a diffuser interface surface of a finished optical wedge.5. The vacuum molding system of claim 4 , wherein the casting plate comprises a surface roughness average of two nanometers or less.6. The vacuum molding system of claim 1 , further comprising an ionizer gun configured to ...

Fluid-Based Light Guiding Structure and Fabrication Thereof

A solution for fabricating a structure including a light guiding structure is provided. The light guiding structure can be formed of a fluoropolymer-based material and include one or more regions, each of which is filled with a fluid transparent to radiation having a target wavelength, such as ultraviolet radiation. The region(s) can be created using a filler material, which is at least substantially enclosed by the fluoropolymer-based material and subsequently removed from each region. The structure can further include at least one optical element integrated into the light guiding structure. 1. A method of fabricating a light guiding structure , the method comprising:forming an intermediate structure including a first filler material at least substantially enclosed by a fluoropolymer-based material;removing the first filler material from the intermediate structure to create a first region;filling the first region with a first fluid transparent to radiation having a target wavelength; andsealing the first region from ambient after the filling.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the intermediate structure includes:enclosing the first filler material with a film of the fluoropolymer-based material;heating the film after the enclosing; andcreating an opening in the film to expose a portion of a surface of the first filler material to the ambient.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the removing includes etching the first filler material using a chemical that dissolves the first filler material.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first filler material comprises silicon dioxide claim 3 , the chemical comprises hydrofluoric acid claim 3 , and the first fluid comprises purified water.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the filling includes submerging the opening in the first fluid after the removing claim 2 , and wherein the sealing includes applying a sealing material to the opening while the opening is submerged in the first fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , ...

Method of Preparing an Article and Article Prepared Thereby

A method of preparing an article comprises applying a first composition having a first refractive index R1on a substrate to form a first layer (). The method further comprises applying a curing condition to a target portion () of the first layer, without applying the curing condition to a non-target portion (), to form a contrast layer including at least one cured portion and at least one uncured portion. In addition, the method comprises applying a second composition having a second refractive index R1on the contrast layer to form a second layer, wherein a portion of the second layer and the at least one uncured portion of the contrast layer intermix to form at least one intermixed portion having a third refractive index R1. R1, R1, and R1are different from one another 1. A method of preparing an article , said method comprising:{'sup': '1', 'applying a first composition having a first refractive index (RI) on a substrate to form a first layer comprising the first composition on the substrate;'}applying a curing condition to a target portion of the first layer, without applying the curing condition to a non-target portion of the first layer, to form a contrast layer including at least one cured portion and at least one uncured portion;{'sup': '2', 'applying a second composition having a second refractive index (RI) on the contrast layer to form a second layer;'}{'sup': '3', 'mixing at least a portion of the second layer and the at least one uncured portion of the contrast layer to form at least one intermixed portion having a third refractive index (RI) in the contrast layer; and'}wherein the first and second composition and the at least one intermixed portion are different from one another; and{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'wherein RI, RI, and RIare different from one another when measured at a same wavelength light and temperature.'}2. The method of further comprising curing the second layer and the at least one intermixed portion of the contrast layer claim 1 , thereby ...

POLARIZATION-MAINTAINING OPTICAL FIBRE AND PREFORM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

The invention relates to a method for producing a polarization-maintaining optical fibre, consisting of a core region and stress-generating elements embedded in the fibre body, having the following method steps: producing a core preform for the core region using internal deposition on a substrate tube, the internally coated substrate tube subsequently being collapsed, generating recesses on the core preform by virtue of the material on the outer surface of the core preform being removed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core preform at diametrically opposed positions, filling the recesses with stress-generating rods, with the tightest possible rod packing, in a freely selectable first filling geometry, possibly filling the recesses in addition with non-stress-generating rods in a second filling geometry, sheathing the filled core preform with a jacketing tube, preparing the sheathed core preform for a fibre-drawing process, and drawing the sheathed arrangement to form in the optical fibre. A preform for producing a polarization-maintaining optical fibre contains a core preform, having a core region and a lateral region, and also contains a jacketing tube, which encloses the core preform, as well as stress-generating elements contained in the lateral region, wherein the stress-generating elements are provided in the form of recesses in the lateral region, wherein the recesses are filled with doped rods and/or undoped rods, and wherein the rod filling forms a first and/or a second arrangement geometry. 12. A method for producing a polarization-maintaining optical fiber , consisting of a core region and stress applying parts () embedded in the fiber body , comprising the following method steps:{'b': '6', 'producing recesses () in the form of circular sectors on the cross-sectional area of a core preform by removing the material on the outer surface in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core preform at positions located diametrically opposite to one another ...

OPTICAL FIBER ARRAY AND OPTICAL MEASUREMENT DEVICE

An optical fiber array includes: a support; a single-mode optical fiber and a plurality of multimode optical fibers, the single-mode optical fiber and the multimode optical fibers being arranged on the support; and a polarizing plate provided on an end face of the support, wherein the single-mode optical fiber has polarization maintaining characteristics, an end face of the single-mode optical fiber and end faces of the multimode optical fibers face the end face of the support, and the polarizing plate covers the end faces of the multimode optical fibers. 1. An optical fiber array comprising:a support;a single-mode optical fiber and a plurality of multimode optical fibers, the single-mode optical fiber and the multimode optical fibers being arranged on the support; anda polarizing plate provided on an end face of the support,whereinthe single-mode optical fiber has polarization maintaining characteristics,an end face of the single-mode optical fiber and end faces of the multimode optical fibers face the end face of the support, andthe polarizing plate covers the end faces of the multimode optical fibers.2. The optical fiber array according to claim 1 , wherein a core diameter of the multimode optical fibers is not smaller than 100 μm and not greater than 500 μm.3. The optical fiber array according to claim 1 , wherein the end faces of the multimode optical fibers are located in a same plane as the end face of the support.4. The optical fiber array according to claim 1 , whereinthe single-mode optical fiber is a lensed fiber, andthe end face of the single-mode optical fiber protrudes outward from the end face of the support.5. The optical fiber array according to claim 1 , wherein at least two of the multimode optical fibers are disposed on either side of the single-mode optical fiber.6. The optical fiber array according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the polarizing plate is not smaller than 100 μm and not greater than 400 μm.7. An optical measurement device ...

WAVELENGTH MONITOR

Provided are an optical element and a wavelength monitor capable of detecting a wavelength with high accuracy and at high speed while suppressing a size. The optical element includes: a branch waveguide section configured to branch an input light beam and generate two outputs routed via paths having mutually different optical path lengths; and an optical synthesis section configured to synthesize the two outputs and output two optical signals having different light intensities with regards to a wavelength of the input light beam and exhibiting a mutual phase difference. 1. A wavelength monitor comprising:a branch waveguide section configured to branch an input light beam and generate two outputs routed via paths having mutually different optical path lengths;an optical synthesis section configured to synthesize the two outputs and output two optical signals having different light intensities with regards to a wavelength of the input light beam and exhibiting a mutual phase difference; anda first photodiode and a second photodiode that convert the two optical signals from the optical synthesis section to two current signals.2. The wavelength monitor according to claim 1 , wherein the output phase difference of the optical synthesis section is 90°.3. The wavelength monitor according to claim 1 , wherein the optical synthesis section includes a multimode interferometer.4. The wavelength monitor according to claim 3 , wherein the optical synthesis section includes any one of a 4 inputs 4 outputs multimode interferometer claim 3 , a combination of a 2 inputs 2 outputs multimode interferometer and an optical delay section to cause an optical delay claim 3 , or a combination of a 1 input 2 outputs multimode interferometer and a 2 inputs 2 outputs multimode interferometer.5. The wavelength monitor according to claim 1 , wherein the branch waveguide section and the optical synthesis section are integrated on a same substrate.6. The wavelength monitor according to claim 1 , ...

HIGH HARMONIC OPTICAL GENERATOR

A high harmonic optical generator comprising a laser arrangement for emitting a beam of polarized radiation at a fundamental frequency and an optical waveguide having a hollow core for a gaseous harmonic generation medium for the generation of high harmonics of the fundamental frequency, the optical waveguide having an optical propagation axis along the hollow core, the laser arrangement is configured to couple the beam of polarized radiation along the propagation axis of the hollow core optical waveguide to provide a beam of optical driving radiation for the high harmonic generation, the optical driving radiation having a plane of polarization that rotates about the propagation axis. 1. A high harmonic optical generator comprising:a laser arrangement for emitting a beam of polarized radiation at a fundamental frequency, andan optical waveguide having a hollow core for a gaseous harmonic generation medium for the generation of high harmonics of the fundamental frequency, the optical waveguide having an optical propagation axis along the hollow core,the laser arrangement is configured to couple the beam of polarized radiation along the propagation axis of the hollow core optical waveguide to provide a beam of optical driving radiation for the high harmonic generation, the optical driving radiation having a plane of polarization that rotates about the propagation axis.2. The optical generator according to claim 1 , whereinthe optical waveguide is a circularly birefringent optical waveguide, andthe laser arrangement is configured for coupling a single beam of linearly polarized radiation into the optical waveguide.3. The optical generator according to claim 2 , wherein the optical waveguide is passively circularly birefringent.4. The optical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide comprises a circularly birefringent photonic crystal fibre.5. The optical generator according to claim 2 , comprising an axial twist control mechanism for tuning the ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING RIDGE-TYPE WAVEGUIDE

In a method for manufacturing a ridge-type waveguide, a substrate is provided. An etching resistance stripe is coated on the substrate. The substrate with the etching resistance stripe is subjected to a wet etching process to form a ridge under the etching resistance stripe. The etching resistance stripe is removed. A titanium stripe is then coated onto the ridge and diffused into the ridge to form a waveguide in the ridge by a high temperature diffusing process. 1. A method for manufacturing a ridge-type waveguide , the method comprising:providing a substrate;coating an etching resistance stripe on the substrate;dipping the substrate with the etching resistance stripe into a first etchant to form a ridge under the etching resistance stripe using a first wet etching process;removing the etching resistance stripe;coating a titanium stripe on the ridge; anddiffusing the titanium stripe into the ridge to form a waveguide in the ridge by a high temperature diffusing process.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is made of lithium niobate crystal.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is substantially rectangular and comprises a rectangular top surface claim 1 , the etching resistance stripe extends along a length direction of the substrate and is positioned generally at a central part of a width direction of the top surface.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the etching resistance stripe is made of chromium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of coating the etching resistance stripe comprises:coating an etching resistance layer on the top surface; andperforming a photolithography process to the etching resistance layer to produce the etching resistance stripe.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first etchant is hydrofluoric acid.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first wet etching process lasts about 4 hours and an etching depth into the top surface is about 2-3 microns.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of removing the ...

Low loss, polarization-independent, large bandwidth mode converter for edge coupling

A mode converter formed by parallel tapered waveguides on a SiN platform. The waveguides form a trident structure comprising a main waveguide with an inverse taper structure, and a pair of waveguides on each side of the main waveguide. Each adjacent waveguide has a taper structure but one that is opposed to that of the main waveguide, namely, a width that gradually increases along the direction of light propagation to a larger value at an end tip thereof. The end tips of the waveguides terminate along a common input/output facet of the converter. The adjacent waveguides help to shape the mode of the light propagating through the main waveguide, in so doing enabling the converter to exhibit high coupling efficiency and polarization independence in the full optical communication bands (i.e., from O to L-band) by successfully tuning the mode shape at a chip facet. The trident mode converter enables efficient optical fiber-to-chip coupling. 1. A silicon photonic-to-optical fiber mode converter , comprising:a supporting silicon structure;a main waveguide having an inverse taper structure wherein a width of the waveguide gradually reduces along a direction of light propagation to a small value at an end tip thereof; anda pair of adjacent waveguides positioned on opposed sides of the main waveguide, each adjacent waveguide having a width that gradually increases along the direction of light propagation to a larger value at an end tip thereof;the main waveguides and the pair of adjacent waveguides terminating along a common facet that is configured to be juxtaposed with an end facet of an optical fiber;the adjacent waveguides being configured to shape a mode of the light propagating through the main waveguide along the direction of the light propagation in a low-loss, polarization-independent, and broad band manner.2. The mode converter as described in wherein the supporting main waveguide is a silicon nitride (SiN) polarization independent waveguide.3. The mode converter ...

APPARATUS FOR COMPENSATING IMAGE, DISPLAY DEVICE AND JOINT DISPLAY

The present invention provides an image compensating device for a joint display. The image compensating device includes a light incident surface, a parallel light emitting surface, and a plurality of light guiding channels extending from the light incident surface to the light emitting surface. The light emitting surface of image compensating device is greater than the light incident surface. The section area of each light guiding channel is gradually increased from the light incident surface to the light emitting surface, by which to extend the image provided by the peripheral region of each cell of the joint display and provide a seamless joint image. 1. An image compensation element , comprising:a plurality of light guiding channels forming a main portion, with:the main portion having a light incident surface and a light emitting surface, the light emitting surface opposite to, and substantially parallel to, the light incident surface;the plurality of light guiding channels arranged independently from each other to transmit light from the light incident surface to the light emitting surface; andeach light guiding channel having a first end closer to the main portion light incident surface and a second end closer to the light emitting end;wherein, the light emitting surface of the main portion is larger than the light incident area of the main portion; andwherein, a cross-sectional area of each of the plurality of light guiding channels increases from the first end of the light guiding channel to the second end of the light guiding channel.2. The image compensation element of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of light guiding channels comprises a light guiding fiber extending from the light incident surface to the light emitting surface claim 1 , and the section area of the light guiding fiber increases from the light incident surface to the light emitting surface.3. The image compensation element of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the area of each light ...

APPARATUS FOR COMPENSATING IMAGE OF DISPLAY AND DISPLAY ASSEMBLY

An image compensating portion located on a display panel includes a light incident surface, a light emitting surface, and a plurality of light guiding channels parallel with each other. The display panel includes a main display region and a periphery display region. A projection of the light emitting surface on the light incident surface is larger than an area of the light incident surface. The light guiding channel guides lights from the light incident surface to be emitted from the light emitting surface for being extended. 1. An image compensating apparatus located on a display panel , the image compensating apparatus comprising:an image compensating portion comprising a light incident surface, a light emitting surface, and a plurality of light guiding channels connected with the light incident surface and the light emitting surface; a projection of the light emitting surface on the light incident surface is larger than an area of the light incident surface, the light guiding channel guides lights from the light incident surface to be emitted from the light emitting surface for being extended.2. The image compensating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting surface connected with the light incident surface is substantially arc shaped claim 1 , and protrudes outwardly away from the light incident surface.3. The image compensating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the image compensating portion further comprises an inclined surface connected the light incident surface and the light emitting surface; the inclined surface and the light incident surface define an obtuse angle.4. The image compensating apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the angle defined by the light incident surface and the light inclined surface is within a range of 130 degrees to 150 degrees.5. The image compensating apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the light guiding channel extends from the light incident surface to the light emitting surface along a predetermined direction parallel with the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING ZERO-MODE WAVEGUIDE ARRAYS WITH COATED WALLS

The application relates to methods of manufacture of improved optical containment structures. The invention relates to arrays of zero-mode waveguide structures comprising nanoscale apertures having non-reflective coatings on their walls. The methods provide for selectively coating the walls of the zero mode waveguides, allowing for selective functionalization of the bases. 1. A method for coating a non-reflective layer on the walls of zero mode waveguide comprising:providing an array of zero mode waveguides comprising an opaque layer on top of a transparent substrate layer wherein the zero mode waveguides comprise nanoscale apertures extending through the opaque layer and extending into the transparent layer, each zero mode waveguide having walls and a base;coating the array of zero mode waveguides such that the walls and the bases are coated with a non-reflective layer;etching back the non-reflective layer to expose the transparent substrate at the bases of the zero mode waveguides, thereby producing a non-reflective layer selectively on the walls of the zero mode waveguides.2. The method of wherein the coating process comprises a conformal coating.3. The method of wherein the etching back is performed using photolithography to define the region for etch back.4. The method of further comprising selectively functionalizing the base of the zero mode waveguide.5. The method of wherein bases of the zero mode waveguides are selectively functionalized using a silane.6. The method of wherein the coating is performed using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).7. The method of wherein the coating is performed using atomic layer deposition (ALD).8. The method of wherein the coating is performed in the liquid phase.9. The method of wherein the non-reflective layer comprises an oxide.10. The method of wherein the oxide comprises AlO.11. The method of wherein the non-reflective layer comprises a polymer.12. The method of wherein the polymer comprises a polyimide.13. The method of ...

1-DIMENSIONAL AND 2-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTED FIBER-OPTIC STRAIN AND STRESS SENSORS BASED ON POLARIZATION MAINTAINING FIBER USING DISTRIBUTED POLARIZATION CROSSTALK ANALYZER AS AN INTERROGATOR

Techniques and devices for measuring polarization crosstalk in polarization maintaining fiber by placing the PM fiber in a 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional configuration for sensing stress or strain exerted on the PM fiber at different locations along the fiber with a high spatial sensing resolution 1. An optical fiber sensor device , comprising:a sensor plate formed of a deformable or elastic material;a length of polarization maintaining (PM) fiber as a sensing element and engaged to the sensor plate at multiple engaging locations;an optical light source that produces probe light and is coupled to the PM fiber to deliver the probe light into the PM fiber; anda detector module coupled to receive probe light from the PM fiber and to measure the received probe light to determine a stress exerted on the sensor plate.2. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the PM fiber is engaged to the sensor plate at multiple engaging locations in a linear array on the sensor plate.3. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the PM fiber is engaged to the sensor plate at multiple engaging locations that are arranged in a 1 dimensional array on the sensor plate.4. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the PM fiber is engaged to the sensor plate at multiple engaging locations that are arranged in a 2 dimensional array on the sensor plate.5. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the engaging locations include through holes in the sensor plate.6. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the detector module includes:an optical interferometer located to receive the probe light from the PM fiber and structured to obtain optical interference of light between the two orthogonal polarization modes in the received probe light;an optical detector to detect the optical interference to produce a detector output that carries information on a distribution of stress or strain exerted on the sensor plate.7. The device as in claim 1 , wherein:the sensor plate includes holes at multiple engaging locations; andthe PM fiber is ...

Fluid-Based Light Guiding Structure and Fabrication Thereof

A solution for fabricating a structure including a light guiding structure is provided. The light guiding structure can be formed of a fluoropolymer-based material and include one or more regions, each of which is filled with a fluid transparent to radiation having a target wavelength, such as ultraviolet radiation. The region(s) can be created using a filler material, which is at least substantially enclosed by the fluoropolymer-based material and subsequently removed from each region. The structure can further include at least one optical element integrated into the light guiding structure. 1. A light guiding structure , comprising:a plurality of ultraviolet transparent fluid layers;a plurality of fluoropolymer layers, each fluoropolymer layer disposed between a pair of ultraviolet transparent fluid layers; anda encapsulant that encapsulates the plurality of ultraviolet transparent fluid layers and the plurality of fluoropolymer layers.2. The light guiding structure of claim 1 , wherein a first set of the ultraviolet transparent fluid layers and a first set of the fluoropolymer layers form a first light guiding structure sub-region and a second set of the ultraviolet transparent fluid layers and a second set of the fluoropolymer layers form a second light guiding structure sub-region.3. The light guiding structure of claim 2 , further comprising a central ultraviolet transparent fluid region disposed between the first light guiding structure sub-region and the second light guiding structure sub-region.4. The light guiding structure of claim 3 , wherein one or more of the ultraviolet transparent fluid layers in the first light guiding structure sub-region and the second light guiding structure sub-region have a low refractive index.5. The light guiding structure of claim 3 , wherein the first light guiding structure sub-region claim 3 , the second light guiding structure sub-region and the central ultraviolet transparent fluid region disposed there between form a ...

HOLLOW-CORE OPTICAL FIBERS

An anti-resonant hollow-core fiber comprising a first tubular, cladding element which defines an internal cladding surface, a plurality of second tubular elements which are attached to the cladding surface and together define a core with an effective radius, the second tubular elements being arranged in spaced relation and adjacent ones of the second tubular elements having a spacing therebetween, and a plurality of third tubular elements, each nested within a respective one of the second tubular elements. 153-. (canceled)54. An anti-resonant hollow-core fiber comprising a first tubular , cladding element which defines an internal cladding surface , a plurality of second tubular elements which are attached to the cladding surface and together define a core with an effective radius , the second tubular elements being arranged in spaced relation and adjacent ones of the second tubular elements having a spacing therebetween , and a plurality of third tubular elements , each nested within a respective one of the second tubular elements to provide nested tubular arrangements.55. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein (i) the nested tubular arrangements are arranged in symmetrical relation at the cladding surface claim 54 , and/or (ii) one or more of the tubular elements have different sectional shape.56. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein (i) the first tubular element is circular in section claim 54 , and/or (ii) the second tubular elements are circular in section or have a longer dimension in a radial direction than a tangential direction claim 54 , optionally elliptical or oval in section.57. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein the tubular elements are formed of glass claim 54 , optionally silica claim 54 , optionally the tubular elements are formed of glass having a refractive index of at least about 1.4 claim 54 , optionally about 1.4 to about 3 claim 54 , optionally about 1.4 to about 2.8.58. The fiber of claim 54 , wherein the second tubular elements are attached to the first ...

Substrate-type optical waveguide and introducing method

A substrate-type optical waveguide includes: a mode conversion section including a first input light guide path and a first output light guide path; and a polarization conversion and multiplexing section including a second input light guide path and a second output light guide path. The mode conversion section converts light input into the first input light guide path into either: a superposition of a first TE fundamental mode and a first TE higher mode; or a superposition of a first TM fundamental mode and a first TM higher mode. The polarization conversion and multiplexing section converts either: the superposition of the first TE fundamental mode and the first TE higher mode; or the superposition of the first TM fundamental mode and the first TM higher mode, into a superposition of a second TE fundamental mode and a second TM fundamental mode.

A METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF A PIXEL BEAM

There are several types of plenoptic devices and camera arrays available on the market, and all these light field acquisition devices have their proprietary file format. However, there is no standard supporting the acquisition and transmission of multi-dimensional information. It is interesting to obtain information related to a correspondence between pixels of a sensor of said optical acquisition system and an object space of said optical acquisition system. Indeed, knowing which portion of the object space of an optical acquisition system a pixel belonging to the sensor of said optical acquisition system is sensing enables the improvement of signal processing operations. The notion of pixel beam, which represents a volume occupied by a set of rays of light in an object space of an optical system of a camera along with a compact format for storing such information is thus introduced. 1. A computer implemented method for generating a set of data representative of a volume in an object space of an optical acquisition system occupied by a set of rays of light that at least one pixel of a sensor of said optical acquisition system can sense through a pupil of said optical acquisition system , said volume being called a pixel beam , comprising:computing a value of a rotation angle, called φ, based on a value of a parameter representative of the pixel beam,computing a rotation of angle φ of a first straight line describing a surface of a hyperboloid of one sheet representing the pixel beam, called first generating ray, around a second straight line being a revolution axis of the hyperboloid, said rotation of angle φ transforming the first generating ray into a second generating ray,generating a set of data representative of the pixel beam comprising parameters representative of the second generating ray, parameters representative of the revolution axis of the hyperboloid and parameters representative of an orientation of the first generating ray relatively to the ...

RESONATOR, VARIABLE WAVELENGTH OPTICAL FILTER, AND VARIABLE WAVELENGTH LASER DIODE

A variable wavelength diode according to the inventive concept includes a resonator and a plurality of cylindrical lenses. The resonator includes slab waveguides of which resonance lengths are different from each other. The slab waveguides are disposed on a planar light wave circuit (PLC). Thus, the variable wavelength diode realizes a high variation speed and a continuous variation of a beam at the same time. 1. A resonator comprising:a first slab waveguide;a second slab waveguide spaced apart from the first slab waveguide; anda substrate to which the first and second slab waveguides are connected,wherein a resonance length of the first slab waveguide is different from a resonance length of the second slab waveguide; andwherein the first slab waveguide is electrically and optically independent of the second slab waveguide.2. The resonator of claim 1 , wherein the first slab waveguide and the second slab waveguide divide an input beam into a first part and a second part claim 1 , so that the first part and the second part of the input beam are outputted through the first slab waveguide and the second slab waveguide claim 1 , respectively.3. The resonator of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second slab waveguides has a PN junction structure for electrical current injection.4. The resonator of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slab waveguides are disposed to have a gradient of a predetermined angle from an incidence plane of an input beam in a plan view.5. The resonator of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slab waveguides include a 3-5 group compound semiconductor material.6. A variable wavelength optical filter comprising:a first cylindrical lens receiving a beam, the first cylindrical lens having a central axis perpendicular to an incidence direction of the beam;a second cylindrical lens having a central axis perpendicular to the central axis of the first cylindrical lens, the second cylindrical lens receiving a beam outputted from the first ...

SILICON WAVEGUIDE HAVING POLARIZATION INSENSITIVE AND TEMPERATURE INSENSITIVE PHASE DELAY

An apparatus includes a first waveguide configured to receive an input signal. A section of the first waveguide has a length between a first initial point and a first end point. A first polarization rotator is located within the section at a first distance from the first initial point of the section of the first waveguide. A section of a second waveguide is configured to receive the input signal, and has the same length between the second initial point and a second end point. A second polarization rotator is located within the section of the second waveguide at a second distance from the second initial point of the section of the second waveguide. More particularly, a relative distance between the first distance and the second distance is configured to achieve a desired phase delay of an output signal from the first waveguide and an output signal from the second waveguide. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a section of a first waveguide configured to receive an input signal at a first initial point, wherein said section of said first waveguide having a length between said first initial point and a first end point;a first polarization rotator located within said section of said first waveguide, wherein said first polarization rotator is located at a first distance from said first initial point of said section of said first waveguide;a section of a second waveguide configured to receive said input signal at a second initial point, wherein said section of said second waveguide having said length between said second initial point and a second end point; anda second polarization rotator located within said section of said second waveguide, wherein said second polarization rotator is located at a second distance from said second initial point of said section of said second waveguide;wherein a relative distance between said first distance and said second distance is configured to achieve a desired phase delay of an output signal from said first waveguide and an output signal ...

Light-Based Heat in an Object

An object has at least a first source of light secured thereto. At least a first light-bearing conduit operably couples to this source of light and also to at least a first heat-dispersion component that is also secured to the object. So configured, the heat-dispersion component responds to reception of light from at least the first source of light via at least the first light-bearing conduit by dispersing heat derived from the light.

POLARIZATION CONTROLLER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

A polarization controller comprising: (i) an optical fiber, and (ii) a carrier surrounding the optical fiber, the carrier comprising an off-center through hole with at least one collapsed region, such that the optical fiber is situated within the through hole and contacts the at least one collapsed region of the through hole, and the collapsed region exerts pressure on the optical fiber. 1. A method of making a polarization controller , the method comprising:(i) providing a carrier with an off-set center hole in a carrier cane;(ii) inserting an optical fiber through the hole; and(iii) collapsing the carrier in at least one region to form a collapsed region around the optical fiber and fusing the interface of the optical fiber to the carrier at the collapsed region.2. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 1 , wherein said carrier comprises glass.3. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 1 , wherein said carrier is a glass tube.4. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 1 , the method comprising collapsing the carrier in several regions to form collapsed regions around the optical fiber and fusing the interface of the optical fiber to the carrier at the collapsed regions.5. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 1 , wherein the collapsed region has a length of at least 0.5 cm.6. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 1 , wherein the collapsed region has a length of at least 1 cm.7. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 1 , wherein the collapsed region has a length of 2 cm to 15 cm.8. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 7 , wherein the optical fiber is a single mode fiber claim 7 , a multimode fiber claim 7 , a few mode fiber claim 7 , a multicore fiber claim 7 , or a polarization maintaining fiber.9. The method of making a polarization controller according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Compact Portable Double Differential Fiber Optic Sagnac Interferometer

A compact and portable apparatus for measuring properties of objects utilizing a fiber optic Sagnac interferometer is enabled. The fiber optic Sagnac interferometer may be a double differential Sagnac interferometer. The interferometer core may be implemented with fiber optic components including polarization maintaining optical fiber, and by utilizing an auto-balanced avalanche photodetector. An optical switch may be incorporated to maintain relatively low average probe signal power while allowing optimal peak probe signal power. The compact and portable apparatus may be configured to measure ultrasonic vibrations, a displacement of an object surface in response to ultrasonic vibrations, and/or a vibration speed of the object surface. A wideband light source may be amplified and stabilized. A sensor head of the interferometer may incorporate a collimator adjustable to block a central portion of the projected probe beam thereby at least in part enabling in-plane and out-of-plane measurements. 1. A system for measuring a property of an object , comprising:a Sagnac interferometer including a first length of optical fiber and a second length of optical fiber having a minimum bend radius, the second length of optical fiber arranged in a coil with an internal diameter substantially corresponding to twice a minimum bend radius of the second length of optical fiber;a photodetector optically coupled with the Sagnac interferometer; andan assembly configured to contain at least the Sagnac interferometer and the photodetector, the assembly having a maximum internal dimension substantially corresponding to the internal diameter of the coil added to twice a maximum diameter of the second length of optical fiber.2. A system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the assembly contains a substantially cylindrical volume and the maximum internal dimension corresponds to a diameter of the cylindrical volume.3. A system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein:the Sagnac interferometer is ...

Illumination of Optical Analytical Devices

Optical analytical devices and their methods of use are provided. The devices are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The devices include optical waveguides for illumination of the optical reactions. The devices further provide for the efficient coupling of optical excitation energy from the waveguides to the optical reactions. Optical signals emitted from the reactions can thus be measured with high sensitivity and discrimination using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The devices of the invention are well suited for miniaturization and high throughput. 113-. (canceled)14. An analytical device comprising:an optical waveguide comprising an optical core and a cladding;a metallic layer disposed on the surface of the cladding; anda plurality of nanometer-scale apertures disposed in the metallic layer in sufficient proximity to the optical waveguide to be illuminated by an evanescent field emanating from the waveguide when optical energy is passed through the optical core;wherein the optical core has a thickness, a width, and a cross-sectional area, and wherein the cross-sectional area is decreased at locations where the evanescent field illuminates the apertures.15. The analytical device of claim 14 , wherein the cross-sectional area is decreased by adiabatic tapers.16. The analytical device of claim 14 , wherein the thickness of the optical core is maintained claim 14 , and the cross-sectional area is decreased by decreasing the width of the optical core.17. The analytical device of claim 16 , wherein the optical energy is transverse electric polarized light.18. The analytical device of claim 14 , wherein the width of the optical core is maintained claim 14 , and the cross-sectional area is decreased by decreasing the thickness of the optical core.19. The analytical device of claim ...

Polarization-Maintaining (PM) Double-Clad (DC) Optical Fiber

A double-clad (DC) polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber comprises a core, an inner cladding, an outer cladding, and stress rods. The core has a core refractive index (n). The inner cladding is located radially exterior to the core and has an inner cladding refractive index (n), which is less than n. The stress rods are located in the inner cladding, and each stress rod has a stress rod refractive index (n), which is substantially matched to n. The outer cladding is located radially exterior to the inner cladding. The outer cladding has an outer cladding refractive index (n), which is less than n. 1. A high-power optical system , comprising: (a1) a substantially perpendicular leading edge;', '(a2) a core;', {'sub': '1', '(a3) an inner cladding surrounding the core; the inner cladding having an inner cladding refractive index (n); and'}, {'sub': 2', '2', '1, 'claim-text': (a4A) a bowtie configuration;', '(a4B) a panda configuration; and', '(a4C) an elliptical region radially exterior to the core;, '(a4) a stress region located in the inner cladding, the stress region comprising a stress region refractive index (n), a difference between nand nbeing between approximately 0.001 and approximately 0.003, the stress region being stress rods exhibiting a configuration selected from the group consisting of], '(a) a double-clad (DC) polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber comprising(b) an input fiber core-match spliced to the core of the PM-DC fiber at the substantially perpendicular leading edge, the input fiber for introducing a signal to the core of the DC-PM optical fiber; and(c) a pump combiner optically spliced to the PM-DC fiber at the perpendicular leading edge of the stress region, the pump combiner for introducing pump light into the inner cladding at the substantially perpendicular leading edge, the pump combiner further for introducing pump light into the stress region at the substantially perpendicular leading edge.2. The system of claim 1 , further ...

SENSOR DEVICE WITH ENHANCED LIGHT GUIDE VISUALIZATION AND RELATED METHODS

A sensing device comprises a sensor housing defined in part by two or more outer planes, a light guide including one or more legs, where the light guide defined in part by a vertical plane, and the light guide is an indicator for the sensing device. The light guide extends along a first portion and a second portion, where the first portion is disposed along at a first outer plane of the housing, the second portion is disposed along a second outer plane of the housing. The sensing device further includes a light source disposed adjacent to the light guide, and the light guide includes at least one slot therein. The slot of the light guide has an angle of about 18-24 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the first portion. The light source is directed toward the slot, and a surface within the slot transmits light in multiple directions. 1. A sensing device comprising:a sensor housing defined in part by two or more outer planes;a light guide including one or more legs, the light guide defined in part by a vertical plane, and the light guide is an indicator for the sensing device;the light guide extending along a first portion and a second portion, where the first portion is disposed along at a first outer plane of the housing, the second portion is disposed along a second outer plane of the housing;a light source disposed adjacent to a first portion of the light guide;the light guide including at least one slot therein, the slot having a slot axis, the slot having an oblique angle of the slot axis relative to a longitudinal axis of the first portion of the light guide; andthe light source directed toward the slot and a surface within the slot transmits light in multiple directions, a portion of the light transmitted along the first portion and a portion of the light transmitted along the second portion.2. The sensing device as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a plug disposed within the at least one slot claim 1 , and the plug omni-directionally scatters ...

RARE-EARTH DOPED GAIN FIBERS

Rare earth oxides doped multicomponent glass fibers for laser generation and amplification, including a core and a cladding, the core comprising at least 2 weight percent glass network modifier selected from BaO, CaO, MgO, ZnO, PbO, KO, NaO, LiO, YO, or combinations; wherein the mode of the core is guided with step index difference between the core and the cladding, a numerical aperture of the fiber is between 0.01 and 0.04; core diameter is from 25 to 120 micron, and a length of the gain fiber is shorter than 60 cm. 1. A Thulium doped multicomponent glass fiber for laser generation and amplification of light within a wavelength range from 1.75 to 2.05 micron , said fiber comprising:a core;a cladding; [{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '3, 'at least 2 weight percent glass network modifier selected from BaO, CaO, MgO, ZnO, PbO, KO, NaO, LiO, YO, or combinations thereof; and'}, 'thulium oxide at a level from about 2 weight percent to about 30 weight percent;, 'wherein said core of the fiber includes'}wherein a mode of the core is guided via a step-index difference between the core and the cladding; a numerical aperture of the fiber is between about 0.01 and about 0.04; a core diameter is from about 35 to 12.0 micron; and a length of the fiber is shorter than 60 cm.2. The Thulium doped multicomponent glass fiber of claim 1 , wherein said thulium oxide is present at a level from about 1 to about 5 weight percent.3. The Thulium doped multi component glass fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core diameter is from about 35 microns to about 60 microns.4. The Thulium doped multicomponent glass fiber of claim 1 , wherein the length of the fiber is from about 4 cm to about 45 cm.5. The Thulium doped multicomponent glass fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is a polarization maintaining fiber. This application is a divisional from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/605,740, now published as US 2016/0216441, from which it claims priority. The disclosure of application Ser. No. 14/605,740 ...

OPTICAL FIBER FOR COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING ENDOSCOPES

An optical fiber for use in a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) endoscope, comprising a core guiding lightwaves at a pump wavelength and at a Stokes wavelength, the core being single-mode at both wavelengths. The core is surrounded by cladding layers, including an inner cladding layer, a trench cladding layer, an intermediate cladding layer and an outer cladding layer. The refractive index of the trench cladding layer is lower than those of both neighboring cladding layers so as to define a trench in the radial refractive-index profile. The bending losses of the fundamental LPmode of the fiber at the Stokes wavelength are limited while maintaining high confinement losses for the higher-order LPmode of the fiber at the pump wavelength. The combination of the intermediate and outer cladding layers forms a multimode waveguide for guiding a collected CARS signal generated by an object or medium probed with the endoscope. 1. An optical fiber for use in a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) endoscope , the optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', '1, 'a core having a radius aand a refractive index n, the core extending along a longitudinal axis, the core being adapted to guide a lightwave at a Stokes wavelength and a lightwave at a pump wavelength along a first propagation direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, said core being single-mode at the Stokes and pump wavelengths, each of the lightwaves at the Stokes and pump wavelengths having a direction of polarization;'}{'sub': 2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'an inner cladding layer surrounding the core, the inner cladding layer having a refractive index n, the refractive index nbeing higher than the refractive index n, the refractive index nand the refractive index nbeing chosen to obtain a predetermined value of the numerical aperture of the core;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '3', '2, 'a trench cladding layer surrounding the inner cladding layer and having a trench inner radius a, a width W, and a refractive index n, ...

POLARIZATION MAINTAINING OPTICAL FIBERS WITH INTRACORE STRESS MECHANISMS

Polarization maintaining optical fibers and methods for making the same are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, a polarization maintaining optical fiber includes a cladding portion and a core portion disposed in the cladding portion. The core portion includes a first core region having a first coefficient of thermal expansion CTE1 and a second core region having a second coefficient of thermal expansion CTE2. The first coefficient of thermal expansion CTE1 is not equal to the second coefficient of thermal expansion CTE2. At least one of the first core region and the second core region is non-circular symmetric with respect to a centerline of the polarization maintaining optical fiber. 1. A polarization maintaining optical fiber comprising:a cladding portion; and the first coefficient of thermal expansion CTE1 is not equal to the second coefficient of thermal expansion CTE2; and', 'at least one of the first core region and the second core region is non-circular symmetric with respect to a centerline of the polarization maintaining optical fiber., 'a core portion disposed in the cladding portion, the core portion comprising a first core region having a first coefficient of thermal expansion CTE1 and a second core region having a second coefficient of thermal expansion CTE2, wherein2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a relative refractive index Δcc between the first core region and the second core region is less than 0.1%.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a relative refractive index Δc1 of the first core region relative to the cladding is less than or equal to about 2%.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a relative refractive index Δc2 of the second core region relative to the cladding is less than or equal to about 2%.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a difference between CET1 and CET2 is greater than or equal to 1×10/° C.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first core region is substantially free from dopants and the ...

DISPLAY EDGE EMISSION COMPENSATION

A display includes a cover having a front face that defines a normal of the display and further having a sidewall that meets the front face to define an edge of the display, and a display module disposed behind the cover. The display module includes a substrate and a plurality of pixels supported by the substrate. The substrate includes a curved portion along the edge, the curved portion bending rearward such that peripheral pixels of the plurality of pixels are disposed laterally between the substrate and the sidewall. The display further includes edge compensation means for compensating for a curvature of the curved portion to direct light from the peripheral pixels toward the normal of the display. An extent to which the edge compensation means compensates for the curvature varies in accordance with lateral position of the peripheral pixels along the curved portion. 1. A display comprising:a cover comprising a front face that defines a normal of the display and further comprising a sidewall that meets the front face to define an edge of the display;a display module disposed behind the cover, the display module comprising a substrate and further comprising a plurality of pixels supported by the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a curved portion along the edge, the curved portion bending rearward such that peripheral pixels of the plurality of pixels are disposed laterally between the substrate and the sidewall; andedge compensation means for compensating for a curvature of the curved portion to direct light from the peripheral pixels toward the normal of the display, the edge compensation means comprising a plurality of structures configured to coherently guide the light, each structure of the plurality of structures not oriented in parallel with the normal of the display;wherein an extent to which the edge compensation means compensates for the curvature varies in accordance with lateral position of the peripheral pixels along the curved portion.2. A ...

OPTICAL MODULATOR AND OPTICAL MODULATING ARRAY INCLUDING THE SAME

An optical modulator may include an optical wave guide configured to allow a light to pass therethrough, and an optical modulating layer embedded in the optical wave guide and configured to modulate a phase of the light. The optical wave guide may include a first material that has a first lattice constant. The optical modulating layer may include a second material that has a second lattice constant different from the first lattice constant. The phase of the light may be modulated by the optical modulating layer based on a difference between the first lattice constant and the second lattice constant. 1. An optical modulator comprising:an optical wave guide configured to allow light to pass in a longitudinal direction of the optical wave guide, the optical wave guide comprising a first material having a first lattice constant; andan optical modulating layer having a thickness and embedded in the optical wave guide, the optical modulating layer comprising a second material having a second lattice constant different from the first lattice constant, and the optical modulating layer being configured to modulate a phase of the light based on a difference between the first lattice constant and the second lattice constant,wherein the thickness of the optical modulating layer is equal to or less than 100 nm such that the phase of light proceeding through the optical modulating layer is modulated based on a strain generated by a difference in the lattice constants between the optical wave guide and the optical modulating layer.2. The optical modulator of claim 1 , wherein each of the optical wave guide and the optical modulating layer comprises at least one of a group IV element claim 1 , a group III elements claim 1 , a group V element claim 1 , and a silicon nitride.3. The optical modulator of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the second lattice constant to the first lattice constant is equal to or greater than 0.9 and equal to or less than 1.1.4. The optical modulator of claim 1 ...

Broadband, Group Index Independent, and Ultra-Low Loss Coupling into Slow Light Slotted Photonic Crystal Waveguides

The present invention provides a waveguide coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a first slot photonic crystal waveguide, wherein the slot photonic crystal waveguide has a lattice constant, an air hole diameter, a slot width and a first line defect waveguide width. The waveguide coupler includes a group reflective index taper having a second slot photonic crystal waveguide disposed between and aligned with the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and the strip waveguide. The second slot photonic crystal waveguide has a length, the lattice constant, the air hole diameter, the slot width, and a second line defect waveguide width that is substantially equal to the first line defect waveguide width adjacent to the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and decreases along the length of the second photonic crystal waveguide. 1. An optical apparatus comprising a waveguide coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a first slot photonic crystal waveguide , wherein the slot photonic crystal waveguide has a lattice constant , an air hole diameter , a slot width and a first line defect waveguide width , wherein the waveguide coupler comprises:a group reflective index taper comprising a second slot photonic crystal waveguide disposed between and aligned with the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and the strip waveguide, wherein the second slot photonic crystal waveguide has a length, the lattice constant, the air hole diameter, the slot width, and a second line defect waveguide width that is substantially equal to the first line defect waveguide width adjacent to the first slot photonic crystal waveguide and decreases along the length of the second photonic crystal waveguide.2. The optical apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second line defect waveguide width decreases parabolically.3. The optical apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first line defect waveguide width is about 1.3√{square root over (3)}a and the ...

Method and Apparatus for Polarization Determination and/or Control in Optical Fiber Amplifying Systems

Methods and apparatuses for determining the polarization state and for providing polarization control in optical fiber lasers and amplifiers. One embodiment of the invention is an optical fiber amplifying system including a circulator () having a first optical port (), a second optical port () that is configured to output radiation received from the first optical port, and a third optical port () that is configured to output radiation received from the second optical port; one or more amplifier stages () connected in series, together having an optical input () optically coupled to the second port of the circulator, and an optical output (); and a polarization detector () having an optical input optically coupled to the third port of the circulator. Thereby the polarization state of the amplified radiation can be determined using radiation backscattered from the amplifying stage. 1. An optical fiber amplifying system comprising a first optical port,', 'a second optical port that is configured to output radiation received from the first optical port, and', 'a third optical port that is configured to output radiation received from the second optical port;, 'a circulator, the circulator comprising'}one or more amplifier stages connected in series, together having an optical input optically coupled to the second port of the circulator, and an optical output;a polarization detector having an optical input optically coupled to the third port of the circulator, and a detector output configured to output a polarization detector output signal; anda polarization controller having an optical input and an optical output, the first optical port being optically coupled to the optical output of the polarization controller, the polarization controller is configured to control the polarization of an input signal coupled from its optical input to its optical output based on the polarization detector output signal received at the controller input, the polarization detector output ...

A small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber

Disclosed is a small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber, which relates to the field of special optical fibers. The small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber comprises a quartz optical fiber (); the periphery thereof is provided with an inner coating () and an outer coating (); the interior of the quartz optical fiber () is provided with an optical fiber core layer () and a quartz cladding (); two stress zones () are arranged between the optical fiber core layer () and the quartz cladding (); a buffer coating () is arranged between the inner coating () and the outer coating (); the periphery of each stress zone () is provided with a buffer layer () which is concentric with the stress zone (); when a working wavelength of a small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber is 1310 nm, the attenuation thereof reaches less than 0.5 dB/km, and the crosstalk reaches −35 dB/km; and when the working wavelength of the small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber is 1550 nm, the attenuation thereof reaches less than 0.4 dB/km, and the crosstalk reaches −30 dB/km. The optical fiber not only has excellent stability characteristics of attenuation and crosstalk, but also has the excellent stability characteristic of long-term operation, and can provide a better optical fiber ring for research on a high-precision optical fiber gyroscope, thereby laying the foundation for the development directions of miniaturization and high precision of the optical fiber gyroscope. 155685122141241768434. A small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber , comprising quartz optical fiber () , the periphery of the quartz optical fiber () is provided with an inner coating () and an outer coating () , the inner of the quartz optical fiber () is provided with an optical fiber core layer () and a quartz cladding () , the quartz cladding () is located at the periphery of the optical fiber core layer (); two stress zones () are provided between the optical ...

OPTICAL RECEPTACLE RELAXING MECHANICAL STRESS INDUCED BY WELDING AND OPTICAL MODULE IMPLEMENTING THE SAME

An optical receptacle and an optical module that implements the optical receptacle are disclosed. The optical receptacle provides a stub holding a coupling fiber in a center thereof, a bush press-fitting the stub therein, a sleeve, and a metal cover that is to be welded to an external metallic member. The coupling fiber has a type of polarization maintaining fiber. The bush is inserted into the cover as leaving a gap between the cover and the bush. The gap between the cover and the bush effectively relaxes or absorbs stresses induced during the welding caused in the coupling fiber. 1. An optical receptacle , comprising:a cylindrical stub that holds a coupling fiber in a center thereof;a cylindrical bush press-fitting the cylindrical stub into a bore thereof;a sleeve that receives an end portion of the stub; anda metal cover that covers the sleeve, the bush, and the stub,wherein the metal cover and the bush form a gap therebetween.2. The optical receptacle of claim 1 ,wherein the metal cover provides a first bore and a second bore, the first bore receiving the sleeve and an end portion of the bush, the second bore receiving a rest portion of the bush, the second bore having an inner diameter greater than an inner diameter of the first bore, andwherein the gap is provided between the second bore of the metal cover and the rest portion of the bush.3. The optical receptacle of claim 1 ,wherein the bush has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having an outer diameter greater than an outer diameter of the first portion,wherein the metal cover has a bore with an even inner diameter, andwherein the gap is provided between the second portion of the bush and the metal cover.4. The optical receptacle of claim 1 ,wherein the metal cover provides a first bore and a second bore, the first bore receiving the sleeve and an end portion of the bush, the second bore receiving a rest portion of the bush, the second bore having an inner diameter greater than an inner ...

SPR Sensor Cell and SPR Sensor

There are provided an SPR sensor cell and an SPR sensor having a very excellent detection sensitivity. The SPR sensor cell of the present invention includes: an under-cladding layer; a core layer formed so that at least a part of the core layer is adjacent to the under-cladding layer and having a light entrance and a light exit; and a metal layer covering a part of the core layer. A sectional area (S1) of the core layer at the light entrance and a sectional area (S2) of the core layer at the part covered by the metal layer satisfy a relationship of S1>S2. 1. An SPR sensor cell , comprising:an under-cladding layer;a core layer formed so that at least a part of the core layer is adjacent to the under-cladding layer and having a light entrance and a light exit; anda metal layer covering a part of the core layer,wherein a sectional area (S1) of the core layer at the light entrance and a sectional area (S2) of the core layer at the part covered by the metal layer satisfy a relationship of S1>S2.2. An SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein the sectional area (S1) of the core layer at the light entrance and the sectional area (S2) of the core layer at the part covered by the metal layer satisfy a relationship of S1×0.5≧S2.3. An SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the core layer at the part covered by the metal layer is 25 μm or less.4. An SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the core layer at the light entrance is 50 μm or more.5. An SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein a width of the core layer at the light entrance is 50 μm or more.6. An SPR sensor claim 1 , comprising the SPR sensor cell according to . The present invention relates to an SPR sensor cell and an SPR sensor. More specifically, the present invention relates to an SPR sensor cell including an optical waveguide and an SPR sensor.Hitherto, in the fields of chemical analysis, biochemical analysis, and the like, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR ...