УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОБГОРАНИЯ КОНТАКТОВ В КОММУТАЦИОННЫХ АППАРАТАХ

Изобретение относится к устройству для определения обгорания контактов на коммутационных контактах в электрическом коммутационном аппарате. Обгорание контактов вызывается на по крайней мере одной открывающейся и закрывающейся паре коммутационных контактов в коммутационном аппарате. Устройство содержит световод и детектор, причем исходящий от по крайней мере одного источника света свет является вводимым в световод и направляемым световодом к детектору. Световод при этом расположен относительно по крайней мере одной пары коммутационных контактов так, что измеренная детектором интенсивность света, введенного в световод, уменьшается с увеличением числа частиц обгорания контактов, возникших за счет обгорания контактов в электрическом коммутационном аппарате. Технический результат - расширение арсенала технических средств, позволяющих производить бесконтактный контроль обгорания контактов оптоэлектронными средствами без необходимости удаления самого коммутационного аппарата от его собственного ...

ДЕКОРАТИВНАЯ НАКЛАДКА И ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛЬ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ТАКУЮ ДЕКОРАТИВНУЮ НАКЛАДКУ

Изобретение относится к декоративной накладке герметичного электрического переключателя. Технический результат состоит в создании такой декоративной накладки, в которой средства управления электрического переключателя приводят в действие механизм прибора, не действуя напрямую на герметичную мембрану, закрывающей указанный механизм, чтобы одновременно обеспечивать надежное приведение в действие механизма и долговременную герметичность электрического переключателя. Для этого накладка содержит гибкую герметичную мембрану (162) и жесткую фронтальную стенку (140), содержащую по меньшей мере одно окно (160), в котором расположена жесткая пластинка (165), предназначенная для своего перемещения под действием силы нажатия, действующей на указанную жесткую пластинку, при этом указанная жесткая пластинка соединена с краем окна при помощи части (162А) гибкой герметичной мембраны. Указанная часть (162А) образует сильфон (163), который расположен исключительно между всем краем указанной жесткой пластинки ...

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ СИЛОВОЙ ВЫКЛЮЧАТЕЛЬ С ПРИСОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ШИНОЙ И РАЗРЯДНЫМ РОГОМ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники. Электрический силовой выключатель содержит корпус и присоединительную шину, на которой установлен разрядный рог с крепежной полкой. Присоединительная шина проходит через отверстие задней панели корпуса. Для соединения разрядного рога с присоединительной шиной на крепежной полке разрядного рога предусмотрены выступ, а на присоединительной шине - принимающая выступ выемка. Крепежные средства захватывают расположенную на нижней стороне присоединительной шины перемычку. При вдвигании присоединительной шины с наложенным разрядным рогом его крепежная полка сверху и сбоку перекрывается расположенной на корпусе закраиной. Таким образом, крепежная полка является свободной от крепежных средств. Технический результат - упрощение монтажа присоединительной шины и разрядного рога и улучшение доступности крепежного средства для разрядного рога. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

ОПОРНЫЙ ВАЛ КОНТАКТОВ ДЛЯ НИЗКОВОЛЬТНОГО ВЫКЛЮЧАТЕЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОПИТАНИЯ

Изобретение относится к электротехнике. Особенностью поворотного опорного вала является то, что он имеет модульную конструкцию и содержит вдоль оси поворота, по меньшей мере, один первый и один второй опорный модуль, причем каждый модуль функционально связан, по меньшей мере, с одним соответствующим подвижным контактом выключателя и снабжен соответственно первыми и вторыми средствами для соединения, по меньшей мере, с одним первым взаимосвязывающим модулем, причем этот первый взаимосвязывающий модуль расположен между упомянутыми первым и вторым опорными модулями и снабжен третьими и четвертыми соединительными средствами, которые пригодны для соединения соответственно с первыми и вторыми соединительными средствами, причем связь между упомянутыми первыми и вторыми соединительными средствами и между упомянутыми третьими и четвертыми соединительными средствами обеспечивает функциональное соединение между упомянутыми первым и вторым опорными модулями и непосредственное конструктивное соединение ...

ТЕПЛОВОЙ ВЫКЛЮЧАТЕЛЬ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники и может быть использовано для защиты герметичных компрессоров с электроприводом от перегрева и перегорания. Сущность изобретения состоит в том, что тепловой выключатель (1) содержит корпус (2) с металлическим герметичным контейнером (4) и контактным механизмом, установленным в герметичном контейнере (4), и держатель (3), имеющий основание (3А) с установочной поверхностью (3L) для электромотора (10) на конце (11) обмотки, удерживающий участок (3В), размещенный на поверхности основания, противоположной установочной поверхности и удерживающий корпус (2) выключателя, в котором основание выполнено достаточно большим для того, чтобы корпус выключателя не выступал за основание. При этом удерживающий участок включает стенку, по существу, перпендикулярную основанию, в которой выполнено сквозное отверстие, через которое проходит электропроводящий вывод, к которому подключается токопроводящий провод, обеспечивающий удержание корпуса выключателя на держателе ...

КОНТАКТ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ

Контакт электрический, включающий контакт-деталь и токопроводящий держатель, отличающийся тем, что токопроводящий держатель в виде хомута с опорным элементом выполнен с отверстием для крепежного элемента, при этом хомут токопроводящего держателя выполнен с пластинами-зажимами, которые переходят в контактные элементы с монтажными отверстиями для одного или более токопроводящих проводов, в пластинах-зажимах размещен фиксирующий элемент, посредством которого контакт-деталь закреплена в хомуте токопроводящего держателя.

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТАКТ С КОМПОЗИТНЫМ ПОКРЫТИЕМ

... 1. Электрический контакт из меди, на поверхность которого нанесено покрытие из композита железо-медь, при этом толщина покрытия составляет 15-45 % от суммарной толщины контакта с покрытием, а процентное содержание железа в материале покрытия плавно или ступенями убывает от наружной поверхности покрытия к границе с контактом.2. Контакт по п. 1, в котором процентное содержание железа в композитном материале убывает от значения не менее 30% на наружной поверхности покрытия до значения не более 10% на границе с контактом.3. Контакт по п. 2, в котором процентное содержание железа в композитном материале убывает от 80% на наружной поверхности покрытия до нуля на границе с контактом.

КОНТАКТ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ

Контакт электрический, содержащий токоподводящую пластину, прикрепленный к ней держатель контакт-детали с закрепленной в нем контакт-деталью, отличающийся тем, что держатель состоит из единого элемента, имеющего верхнюю цилиндрическую и нижнюю коническую части, а контакт-деталь выполнена виде цилиндров, соединенных усеченным конусом, при этом конусная поверхность контакт-детали является ответной для внутренней конусной поверхности держателя, цилиндрическая часть держателя расчленена пазами на четыре сегмента, при этом одна пара диаметрально противоположных сегментов упруго фиксирует контакт-деталь в держателе, а вторая фиксирует держатель на токоподводящей пластине.

КОНТАКТ - ЗАЖИМ ДЛЯ АКТИВНОГО ПРИБОРА

Контакт-зажим, включающий токопроводящий держатель, снабженный упругими элементами, отличающийся тем, что токопроводящий держатель содержит хомут с примыкающими к его боковой поверхности двумя упругими элементами и упорным контактным элементом, при этом упругие элементы выполнены в виде параллельных пластин-зажимов, один из которых выполнен с Г-образной периферийной частью, контактирующей своей торцевой поверхностью с внутренней поверхностью другого упругого элемента, при этом в параллельной части упругих элементов в соосных отверстиях установлены крепежные элементы, а упорный контактный элемент выступает из торцевой поверхности хомута.

ПЛАНАРНЫЙ МАГНИТОУПРАВЛЯЕМЫЙ КОММУТАТОР

Полезная модель относится к области управляемых внешним магнитным полем коммутаторов электрического тока: магнитоуправлемых контактов (герконов), микроэлектромеханических (МЭМС) коммутаторов и переключателей и может быть использована для улучшения эксплуатационных и потребительских свойств данных устройств в частности увеличения чувствительности к магнитному полю.При создании заявляемой полезной модели решается задача увеличения магнитной чувствительности планарного магнитоуправляемого коммутатора без изменения механических характеристик и упругости подвижной контакт-детали (балки).В большинстве магнитоуправляемых коммутаторов повышение магнитной чувствительности достигается путем уменьшения жесткости подвижной контакт-детали или ее крепления, что имеет негативный эффект, проявляющийся в снижении вибрационной стойкости и стойкости к ударному воздействию.Сущность полезной модели заключается в использовании в качестве неподвижной контакт-детали магнитного концентратора, представляющего собой ...

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ СЕМЯН РАСТЕНИЙ

Использование: в сельском хозяйстве, растениеводстве и может быть применено для предпосевной обработки семян растений. Сущность изобретения: для повышения пищевой ценности растениеводческой продукции при снижении удельных энергозатрат на семена перед посевом воздействуют газовой плазмой в течение 5-300 с при частоте электрического разряда 1-40 мГц, мощности не более 0, 003 Вт/см3 и давлении неорганического газа 0,67-1,33 Па. 2 табл.

Привод поршневого контакта электровыключателя

FIELD: electrical equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electrical equipment, in particular to the high-voltage switch piston contact electric drives, and can be used, for example, in radio communication when switching high-voltage switches in the high-power transmitters loop systems. Electric switch piston contact drive contains groups of spring-loaded contacts, a contact piston with a rod with a toothed rack in engagement with the electric motor shaft drive gear, control sleeve is additionally introduced, made of an insulating material with holes for the spring-loaded contacts groups, wherein the contact piston is made with ring grooves for spring-loaded contacts, and as the electric motor a stepper motor with a program unit is applied.EFFECT: technical result is reduction in the high-voltage contactor drive response time during the radio transmitter re-tuning and increase in the electric motor contact piston operation reliability with the contact groups closing and opening.1 cl, 2 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 680 818 C1 (51) МПК H01H 1/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК H01H 1/00 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017135203, 04.10.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 27.02.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 27.02.2019 Бюл. № 6 Адрес для переписки: 644009, г. Омск, ул. Масленникова, 231, АО "ОНИИП" (73) Патентообладатель(и): Акционерное общество "Омский научно-исследовательский институт приборостроения" (АО "ОНИИП") (RU) (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: SU 1483505 A1, 30.05.1989. SU 2 6 8 0 8 1 8 R U (54) Привод поршневого контакта электровыключателя (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к электротехнике, а электровыключателя содержит группы именно к электроприводам поршневого контакта подпружиненных контактов, контактный высоковольтного выключателя, и может быть поршень со штоком с зубчатой рейкой в использовано, например, в ...

Привод многофункционального блока высоковольтного переключателя

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to electric drives of a reciprocating contactor of a high voltage switch, and can be used, for example, in radio communication in switching high voltage switches in contouring systems of powerful transmitters. The drive of a multifunctional high voltage switch unit is comprised of a guide sleeve with holes for spring-loaded contact groups, a contact piston, a toothed bar, a cylindrical rod with longitudinal grooves passed loosely into the tube and attached at the ends to the supports through bearings. Reciprocating contactors are arranged along the rod. EFFECT: provided is possibility to reconfigure the transmitter in the entire range of operating frequencies in the shortest possible time and with a high degree of reliability. 2 cl, 2 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 749 862 C1 (51) МПК H01H 1/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК H01H 1/00 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020118984, 01.06.2020 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 01.06.2020 (45) Опубликовано: 17.06.2021 Бюл. № 17 2 7 4 9 8 6 2 R U (54) Привод многофункционального блока высоковольтного переключателя (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к электротехнике, а поршень, зубчатую рейку, цилиндрическую именно к электроприводам поршневого штангу с продольными пазами, свободно контактора высоковольтного переключателя, и пропущенную вовнутрь трубы и прикрепленную может быть использовано, например, в своими концами через подшипники к опорам. радиосвязи при переключении высоковольтных Поршневые контакторы расположены вдоль переключателей в контурных системах мощных штанги. Техническим результатом является передатчиков. Привод многофункционального обеспечение возможности в кратчайшие сроки и блока высоковольтного переключателя содержит с высокой степенью надежности ...

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ПОЛЮС ДЛЯ НИЗКОВОЛЬТНОГО ВЫКЛЮЧАТЕЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОПИТАНИЯ И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИЙ ВЫКЛЮЧАТЕЛЬ

... 1. Электрический полюс для низковольтного выключателя электропитания, содержащий изолирующий кожух, который имеет нижнюю стенку, верхнюю стенку, две боковые стенки, заднюю стенку и переднюю стенку по меньшей мере одну дугогасительную камеру по меньшей мере один неподвижный контакт и по меньшей мере один подвижный контакт, которые могут быть взаимно соединены или разъединены, а также первую электрическую клемму и вторую электрическую клемму, которые функционально связаны с неподвижным контактом и подвижным контактом и обеспечивают электрическое соединение полюса на входе и выходе, отличающийся тем, что изолирующий кожух содержит первую полуоболочку и вторую полуоболочку, которые взаимно соединены вдоль соответствующих поверхностей соединения и образуют автономную конструкцию, причем первой и второй полуоболочкам придана форма, обеспечивающая образование по меньшей мере одного отделения, которое пригодно для заключения в нем неподвижного контакта и подвижного контакта и дугогасительной камеры ...

КОМПОНЕНТЫ ТЕРМОСТАТИЧЕСКИХ БЛОКОВ И СПОСОБ ЛАЗЕРНОЙ СВАРКИ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЭТИХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ

... 1. Способ соединения компонентов термостатических систем и тепловых реле для низковольтных выключателей, причем компоненты состоят по меньшей мере из одного биметаллического элемента, состоящего из тонкой пластинки с первой гранью и второй гранью, и по меньшей мере одного соединительного элемента, который имеет, по существу, плоскую концевую часть с третьей гранью и четвертой гранью, отличающийся тем, что он включает в себя этапы, на которых накладывают концевую часть первой грани биметаллического элемента на третью грань концевой части соединительного элемента и сцепляют их, подвергают концевую часть второй грани биметаллического элемента сварочному воздействию лазерным средством, чтобы создать сварной шов между биметаллическим элементом и соединительным элементом. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что лазерное средство сканирует вторую грань биметаллического элемента вдоль предварительно определенной траектории. 3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что предварительно определенная траектория ...

РАБОЧЕЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИЯ ДВУХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В КОНТАКТ ДРУГ С ДРУГОМ И ИЗ КОНТАКТА И ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЕ ОДНО ТАКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

... 1. Рабочее устройство для перемещения двух элементов в контакт друг с другом или из контакта, причем, по меньшей мере, один из этих элементов способен перемещаться относительно другого, содержащее рабочий вал, установленный шарнирно относительно рамы, причем указанный вал может приводиться во вращение между первым положением, соответствующим положению контакта двух элементов, и вторым положением, соответствующим положению разъединения двух элементов, пружину сжатия, способную сжиматься при помощи указанного вала и действовать на подвижный элемент при снижении сжимающей нагрузки таким образом, чтобы вводить в контакт указанный подвижный элемент с неподвижным элементом, и средства для разъединения двух элементов, способные перемещать указанные два элемента в указанное разъединенное положение, причем указанная пружина взаимодействует на первом конце с рабочим валом и на другом конце с подвижным элементом, отличающееся тем, что содержит передаточные средства (1, 3) для передачи усилия, приложенного ...

ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ БЛОК ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ СЕМЯН РАСТЕНИЙ

Изобретение относится к области сельского хозяйства, в частности, к растениеводству и может быть использовано при предпосевной обработке семян. Технический результат способа заключается в возможности повышать пищевую ценность растениеводческой продукции при низких удельных энергозатратах. Технический результат достигается тем, что семена перед посевом обрабатывают плазмой при пониженных мощности разряда и давлении неорганического газа. Технико-экономическая эффективность способа состоит в повышении пищевой ценности продукции растениеводства и снижении удельных энергозатрат при проведении плазменной обработки семян.

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ ЛИФТА

... 1. Устройство (17) для дистанционного технического обслуживания и контролирования лифта (1), содержащее по меньшей мере один вход (18) для приема первых сигналов от управляющего устройства (7) лифта и/или датчика (8, 10, 11, 28, 29, 30, 31), по меньшей мере один выход (15) вторых сигналов в телекоммуникационную сеть (16, 24), по меньшей мере один процессор и одну память для данных, отличающееся тем, что в памяти для данных хранится комплект функций дистанционного технического обслуживания, таких как, например, контроль измерения напряжений в кабине, контроль температуры, активирование камеры, и что по меньшей мере одну из этих функций дистанционного технического обслуживания можно по выбору активировать. 2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что функция дистанционного технического обслуживания конфигурирует аппаратурное обеспечение и программное обеспечение устройства и что функцию дистанционного технического обслуживания можно активировать посредством загрузки из памяти для данных в ...

Устройство для испытания контактов электрических аппаратов на стойкость к привариванию и электрическую износоустойчивость

Центральный фотозатвор

Коммутирующее устройство

Использование: область электротехники . Сущность изобретения: коммутирующее устройство, содержащее цилиндрические контакты с плоскими контактирующими поверхностями , подпружиненные цилиндрическими винтовыми пружинами, расположенными в диэлектрическом корпусе, цилиндрические контакты установленные в диэлектрическом корпусе таким образом, что их продольная ось расположена под углом в 5±0,5° к вертикальной оси контактирующего устройства. 3 ил.

Ламельный контакт коммутационных аппаратов

Электрический контакт

Устройство для исследования тепловых потоков, отводимых в контакты электрических аппаратов

Изобретение относится к электротехнике. Целью изобретения является повышение точности измерения тепловых потоков. Устройство содержит корпус, неподвижный контактодержатель 5 с контактом 6 и чувствительным к температурным изменениям гибким элементом 8, имеющий электрическую связь с токоподводом 10, который крепится к изоляционному элементу 11, соединенному жестко с прямоходовым якорем 12 электромагнита 13, подвижный контактодержатель 19 с контактом 20, закрепленный на изоляционном штоке 21, жестко соединенным с прямоходовым якорем 22 электромагнита 23. Токоподвод 10 установлен с возможностью отсоединения от контактодержателя 5, что позволяет исключить в процессе измерения погрешность, вызванную отводом тепла через токоподвод 10 в токоподводящую цепь. 1 ил.

Способ контактно% коммутации

Устройство для исследования включающей способности электрических контактов

Плазматрон для резки металлов

Способ измерения концентрации электронов в плазме

Halbleiterbauelement mit einem Aggregat von Mikro-Nadeln aus Halbleitermaterial

Verfahren zur Verhinderung der Spitzen- und Kraterbildung durch Feinwanderung an Kontakten

Schutzrohrschalter und Herstellungsverfahren für aufgehängte dreidimensionale metallische Mikrostrukturen

MIKROMECHANISCHER SCHALTER.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundkörpers,z.b.für elektrische Kontakte.

VORRICHTUNG ZUM ERFASSEN VON KONTAKTABBRAND IN SCHALTGERÄTEN

ELEKTROTHERMISCH BETÄTIGTER MIKROELEKTROMECHANISCHER SCHALTER MIT BISTABILEM KNICKBALKEN

BENUTZUNGSFUEHRUNGSANZEIGE FUER LEISTUNGSSCHALTER

Ein zusammengesetzter elektrischer Kontakt unter Verwendung einer Silber-Cadmiumoxyd-Legierung als Kontaktmaterial und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben mittels innerer Oxydation des Kontaktmaterials

ELEKTRISCHES KONTAKTFETT

ELEKTRISCHER KONTAKT.

KONTAKTELEMENT ZUR ELEKTRISCHEN VERBINDUNG ZWEIER METALLTEILE MIT NICHT LEITENDER OBERFLAECHE.

SCHALTKONTAKT MIT DOPPELTER DRUCKFEDER.

Drive device for operating e.g. rear windscreen wiper arm of passenger car, has spring with contact surface whose extending direction includes specific angle with operation direction of cam, so that contact portion of spring is conductible

The device (100) has a control device comprising a switching spring (155) that is pressable by a switching cam (135) against a contact surface (150), so that an electrical interconnection is produced between the switching spring and the contact surface based on the position of a driven shaft (115). An extending direction of the contact surface includes an angle less than 90 degrees with an operation direction of the cam, so that a contact portion (165) of the switching spring is conductible over the contact surface by the operation of the cam. The control device switches off an electromotor (105) in a predetermined position of the driven shaft.

BERUEHRUNGSSCHUTZ MIT FUNKENLOESCHKAMMERN FUER ELEKTRISCHE SCHALTER, INSBESONDERE FUER SICHERUNGS-LASTTRENNER.

Bimorpher Schalter, Herstellungsverfahren für einen bimorphen Schalter, elektronische Schaltung und Herstellungsverfahren für eine elektronische Schaltung

Bimorpher Schalter, der einen bewegten Kontakt und einen festen Kontakt elektrisch verbindet, welcher aufweist: ein Substrat, das eine Vorderseite, eine Rückseite und ein von der Vorderseite zu der Rückseite hindurchgehendes Durchgangsloch aufweist; wobei sich der feste Kontakt von einer Kante einer Öffnung des Durchgangslochs zu dem Inneren der Öffnung hin erstreckt; und einen bimorphen Abschnitt, der den bewegen Kontakt hält und betätigbar ist, um den bewegten Kontakt auszutreiben.

MIKRO-MECHANISCHER ELEMENTEN

Elektromechanischer Schalter

DRUCKTASTENSCHALTER FUER RUNDFUNKGERAETE.

Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät

Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät (10), insbesondere bestimmt für eine Sicherheitsschaltung wie Sicherheits-Relais-Baustein, mit zumindest einem elektrischen Schaltkontakt (12), dessen Schaltzustand mittels eines optischen Sensors (26) überwacht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der optische Sensor (26) als Gabel-Lichtschranke ausgebildet ist und einen Sender (28) zur Ausstrahlung eines Lichtstrahls (30) und einen lichtempfindlichen Empfänger (32) umfasst, wobei der Lichtstrahl (30) in einer Ebene verläuft, in der Kontaktflächen (18, 20) des Schaltkontaktes (12) in geschlossenem Schaltzustand des Schaltkontaktes (12) aneinanderstoßen.

ANORDNUNG ZUR UEBERWACHUNG DES KONTAKTABBRANDES IN EINEM ELEKTRISCHEN GERAET

Hochfrequenzschalter mit ortsfesten Beruehrungskontakten fuer Rundfunkempfangsgeraete

Method for measuring contact wear of power switch of medium or high voltage by comparing of distance S1 to contact point of movable contact piece with initial contact of current and target time diagram

A contact wear is determined from a comparison of a distance (S1) up to a contact point of the movable contact piece with an initial contact of a current time diagram and the target time diagram. The beginning of the contact in each case is determined as a tangent of the diagram.

Elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät zum Schalten von hohen Einschaltströmen und Maßnahmen zur Auftrennung von entstehenden Klebe- und Schweißverbindungen an den Kontakten

Elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einem in einem Gehäuse (11) beweglich gelagerten Hebel (1), der einen durch eine Feder (2) gestützten ersten Kontakt (4) trägt, wobei der erste Kontakt (4) in Bezug auf den Hebel (1) formschlüssig geführt bewegbar ist, wobei der Hebel (1) antreibbar ist, um den ersten Kontakt (4) gegen einen feststehenden zweiten Kontakt (7) zu bewegen, wobei der Hebel (1) einen Stützarm (10) aufweist, der den ersten Kontakt (4) führt, wobei der erste Kontakt (4) und der Stützarm (10) durch den Eingriff eines Führungskegels (12) in einer Prägung (13) miteinander formschlüssig verbunden sind und wobei während einer Schließbewegung der erste Kontakt (4) an einem unteren Auflagepunkt (FAu) und einem oberen Auflagepunkt (FAo) am Stützarm (10) des Hebels (1) aufliegt und der Hebel (1) bis zur Berührung des ersten Kontakts (4) mit einem Anschlag (6) des Hebels (1) bewegt wird und während der Schließbewegung Kontaktflächen von Kontaktnieten (8, 9) des ersten Kontakts (4) und ...

VORRICHTUNG FUER ELEKTRISCHE SCHALTGETRIEBE, INSBESONDERE FUER BUEHNENTECHNISCHE EINRICHTUNGEN.

ELEKTRISCHES KONTAKTANSCHLUSSSTUECK, VORZUGSWEISE KONTAKTBOLZEN.

GEHAEUSEUMSCHLOSSENER LEISTUNGSSCHALTER ZUR SCHNELLEIN- UND -AUSSCHALTUNG.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen des Abbrandes der Kontaktstücke bei einem Schaltgerät

The useful life of a contactor depends in particular on the state of wear of the principal contacts. In order to prevent unexpected outages resulting from a poor operating state of the contact elements, the arc created between the contact elements as they open during the switching off operation is used as an indicator, the arc voltage being measured each time and the fluctuation in arc voltage taken as an indication of the state of wear of the contact elements. The device comprises a circuit arrangement (10) with at least one high pass (1), a square-law transfer unit (2), an integrator (3) and a fault signal generating unit (4).

ELEKTRISCHER KONTAKTAPPARAT.

MEHRPOLIGER ELEKTRISCHER TRENNSCHALTER.

VORRICHTUNG ZUM SAUBERHALTEN VON KONTAKTFLAECHEN.

SCHALTER UND SCHALTFASSUNG FUER SCHRAENKE ALLER ART U. DGL.

ANSCHLUSSKONTAKT.

HOCHSPANNUNGSTRENNSCHALTER.

SCHALTKONTAKT MIT KLEINEN ABMESSUNGEN.

ELASTISCH GELAGERTES KONTAKTGLIED.

DREHKNOPF AUS KUNSTSTOFF MIT EINEM ZIERELEMENT.

Method for making a planar cantilever MEMS switch

Method for making a planar cantilever mems switch

Method for making a planar cantilever mems switch

LIQUID LEVEL INDICATOR

A high-voltage disconnecting switch

... 1,104,033. Air break switches. LICENTIA PATENT - VERWALTUNGS - G.m.b.H. 14 April, 1965 [17 April, 19641, No. 16030/65. Heading H1N. An isolating switch of the kind described in Specification 903,286 for making connection to an overhead line and comprising a pair of moving contacts 6 which in the closed position are forced outwardly to engage a pair of fixed roller contacts 2 mounted on a support attached to the line, the support is formed with a pair of rails 3 parallel to the fixed contacts which, when short-circuit currents cause the conductors to move upwardly, co-operate with hook-like projections 4 on the moving contacts 6 to prevent undesired separation of the contacts. Springs or the like may be arranged between the projections 4 and rails 3 to damp the impact between them.

Microelectromechanical switch for a downhole tool

A method for pseudo-planarization of an electromechanical device

Multiple-coil electromagnet for magnetically orienting thin films

Transformer tap changing switch wear monitor

Apparatus for monitoring the wear occurring at arcing contacts of a transformer tap changing switch is embodied in microprocessor form and reads the load current at each tap change by means of transformer 29 from which it determines the arcing current at the circuit breaking contacts 17, 15. The wear is determined as a contact wear figure (CWF) related to the current by either calculation or reference to a look-up table, both being empirically derived from wear measurements on contacts at different arcing currents. The wear figures are accumulated for the movable contacts and for fixed contacts in relation to their tap positions. The number of circuit breaking operations of each arcing contact may also be accumulated, again with reference to tap positions, and the total number of operations may be accumulated to monitor overall mechanical wear, e.g. on main current carrying contacts. The tap position, current and/or accumulated data may be displayed for all or any selected tap position ...

Improvements in or relating to electric switches

... 986,387. Retractive switches. BROOKHIRST IGRANIC Ltd. May 19, 1961 [July 11, 1960], No. 18345/61. Heading H2B. In a snap-action retractive switch the contacts such as 26 are observable through magnifying lenses, such as 52, formed integrally with a transparent plastics cover 36 in which is formed a semi-cylindrical guide slot for the top leg 46 of the rectilinearly moving contact actuator 30. The switch mechanism may be enclosed in a sealed transparent or opaque casing.

Safety electrical switch arrangment

An electric joystick control comprises a pair of switch contacts 18,20 for disabling the controlled equipment. In the neutral, undepressed condition of the joystick handle 10, an annular contact 20 on the handle stem 10 locates within an insulating gate 16 and the handle must be depressed against spring bias before it can be pivoted to execute controls, but if the depressing force is removed whilst the handle is pivoted out of its neutral position, then contact 20 will engage contact 18, which is formed on the lower side of gate 16. When the contacts 18,20 close, relays are operated to cause the controlled equipment to be disabled until the controls 18,20 are opened. If the contacts 18,20 become corroded resulting in an increased contact resistance, the controlled equipment is disabled until the contacts 18,20 have been cleaned. ...

Method and circuit for detecting an arc fault

Hermetically sealed MEMS Switch

A MEMS structure, comprising a lower forcing electrode and a lower contact electrode, remote from the lower forcing electrode; a cantilever beam 34 is positioned above the lower forcing electrode and the lower contact electrode; a capping layer 42 hermetically seals the lower forcing electrode, the lower contact electrode and the cantilever beam 34, the capping layer 42 having a sealed portion 40 positioned on a side of the lower contact electrode, remote from the lower forcing electrode and an end portion of the cantilever beam 34. Wherein the cantilever beam 34 may be devoid of stresses from material variability of a sealing material used to seal the capping layer 42.

SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH DEVICE

Electro-magnetic switches

... 562,275. Electromagnetic switches. HINKS, B. Dec. 21, 1942, Nos. 18085/42 and 11757/43. [Class 38 (v)] Subsidiary contacts such as 44, 46 cease to function in their normal manner when the main contacts 11, 4a of an electromagnetic switch become unduly worn. The electromagnetic switch has two core portions 35, 12 which move together against the respective actions of springs 38, 7, when the magnet is energized, the lower core 12 carrying a bridging contact 11 which engages the pivoted " fixed " contacts 4a, biassed by the springs 7, and the upper core operating a lever 41 which operates the auxiliary contacts 44, 46. In the form shown, when the magnet is energized, the contacts 44, 46 close a maintaining circuit for the magnet, but should the main contacts become worn, the final position of the core, after the two parts 35, 12 have come together, will be slightly different and the contacts 44, 46 will not close. Alternatively, Fig. 3 (not shown), the auxiliary contacts may be arranged normally ...

Method, wearable article and assembly

A method (see figure 18) determines an amount of degradation for a wearable article comprising conductive elements. A wearable article is provided (S101) comprising a fabric layer (201, figs 3-5); a sensing component 200 provided on the fabric layer, and a calibration component 300. The sensing component and the calibration component both comprise a length of a first type of conductive material. The method comprises positioning an electronics module on a wearable article such that an interface of the electronics module is communicatively coupled with the calibration component of the wearable article (S102). The method comprises measuring an electrical property of the length of conductive material of the calibration component so as to determine a degree of degradation of the conductive material (S103). Also claimed is a wearable article, such as a smart garment, comprising such a calibration component. As use and washing impact the electrical properties of the conducting element, the calibration ...

Pince de connexion en aluminium pour un appareillage électrique, notamment un fusible.

Mobile rotary interruptory electrical appliance

Inspecting device of energy to prépaiement comprising a relay of the monostable type.

VERFAHREN ZUR ERMITTLUNG DES ABBRANDES DER KONTAKTSTÜCKE EINES IN EINER GEKAPSELTEN SCHALTANLAGE EINGEBAUTEN SCHALTGERÄTES

MICRO ACTUATOR ARRANGEMENT

THERMALLY OPERATED SWITCH

ELECTRICAL SWITCHING MECHANISM WITH STRENGTHENED ELECTRICAL CONTACTS

PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CONTACT WEAR OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

RF HYBRID MEMS SWITCHES WITH PARALLEL SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE MONITORING OF SWITCHGEARS IN ELECTRICAL SWITCHGEARS

LATCH WITH MOBILE AXIS OF ROTATION

PACKAGING FUER POLARIZED MEMS RELAY AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PACKAGING

PRUFGERAT ZUM SCHNELLEN ERFASSEN DES SCHALTZUSTANDES EINES KONTAKTES

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE DETECTION OF THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF THE OSCILLATION OF A TURBINE SHEET

ROTATING CONTACT FOR ELECTRICAL SWITCHES

TEMPERATURE CONTROL

ELECTRICAL CONTACT ARRANGEMENT

MAGNETICALLY BETATIGBARER, FINAL CONTACT AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE SAME

Мембранный термобиметаллический магнитоуправляемый контакт

Мембранный термобиметаллический магнитоуправляемый контакт, содержащий диэлектрический баллон, в котором помещены два контактных узла, состоящие из трех ферромагнитных упругих чувствительных элементов, из которых крайние закреплены в противоположных внутренних торцах диэлектрического баллона, а средний термобиметаллический упругий чувствительный элемент с верхним инертным и нижним активным слоями расположен в зоне перекрытия ферромагнитных упругих чувствительных элементов, причем зазор между одним ферромагнитным упругим чувствительным элементом и инертным слоем больше, чем зазор между другим ферромагнитным упругим чувствительным элементом и активным слоем, при этом рабочие поверхности всех трех упругих чувствительных элементов имеют полностью регулярный микрорельеф, отличающийся тем, что средний термобиметаллический упругий чувствительный элемент выполнен в виде термобиметаллической мембраны с тем же расположением активного и инертного слоев. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 166 022 U1 (51) МПК H01H 1/66 (2006.01) H01H 37/52 (2006.01) G08B 17/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ТИТУЛЬНЫЙ (21)(22) Заявка: ЛИСТ ОПИСАНИЯ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2016115033/07, 18.04.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 18.04.2016 (45) Опубликовано: 10.11.2016 Бюл. № 31 1 6 6 0 2 2 R U (57) Формула полезной модели Мембранный термобиметаллический магнитоуправляемый контакт, содержащий диэлектрический баллон, в котором помещены два контактных узла, состоящие из трех ферромагнитных упругих чувствительных элементов, из которых крайние закреплены в противоположных внутренних торцах диэлектрического баллона, а средний термобиметаллический упругий чувствительный элемент с верхним инертным и нижним активным слоями расположен в зоне перекрытия ферромагнитных упругих чувствительных элементов, причем зазор между одним ферромагнитным упругим чувствительным элементом и инертным слоем больше, чем зазор между другим ферромагнитным упругим ...

CONTACT DEVICE AND ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH USING CONTACT DEVICE

The present invention provides a contact device capable of narrowing a gap between a fixed contactor and a movable contactor and reducing the number of parts and the production costs, and an electromagnetic switch that uses the contact device. The contact device has a pair of columnar fixed contactors () which are fixed to a surface of an insulation airtight container () while keeping a predetermined space therebetween, each having at least a tip end contact surface protruding into the insulation container; a movable contactor () that is disposed so as to be capable of contacting with and separating from the pair of fixed contactors (); and a pair of arc extinguishing annular permanent magnets () which is respectively attached to outer circumferential surfaces of the pair of fixed contactors () and drives an arc outwardly. 1. A contact device , comprising:a pair of columnar fixed contactors fixed to a surface of an insulation container while keeping a predetermined space therebetween, each having at least a tip end contact surface protruding into the insulation container;a movable contactor disposed so as to be capable of contacting with and separating from the pair of columnar fixed contactors; anda pair of arc extinguishing annular permanent magnets respectively attached to outer circumferential surfaces of the pair of columnar fixed contactors and driving an arc outwardly.2. The contact device according to claim 1 , wherein the arc extinguishing annular permanent magnets are magnetized to an N-pole at a side facing the movable contactor.3. The contact device according to claim 1 , wherein the insulation container has an airtight container and the airtight container encapsulates gas therein.4. An electromagnetic switch claim 1 , comprising the contact device according to ;wherein the movable contactor is coupled to a movable core of an electromagnetic device and the fixed contactors are respectively connected to external connection terminals. The present invention ...

Method, device, and system for monitoring a component

A system includes a sensor configured to provide a signal related to an operating condition of a component, a memory for storing values representative of the operating condition, and a processor coupled to the sensor and to the memory. The processor is programmed to calculate a first value of the operating condition during a first period of time based on the stored values, calculate a second value of the operating condition during a second period of time using the first value, and determine a status of the component using the second value.

Integrated Mechanical Device for Electrical Switching

An integrated circuit comprising a mechanical device for electrical switching comprising a first assembly being thermally deformable and having a beam held at at least two different locations by at least two arms, the beam and the arms being metal and disposed within the same metallization level, and further comprising at least one electrically conducting body. The first assembly has a first configuration at a first temperature and a second configuration at a second temperature different from the first temperature. The beam is out of contact with the electrically conducting body in one configuration in contact with the body in the other configuration. The beam establishes or breaks an electrical link passing through the said at least one electrically conducting body and through the said beam in the different configurations. 1. An integrated circuit , comprising:a plurality of metallization levels separated by an insulating region and disposed on a substrate; and a first assembly being thermally deformable and disposed within an enclosure and having a beam held at at least two different locations by at least two arms rigidly attached to edges of the enclosure, the beam and the arms being metal and disposed within a same metallization level; and', 'at least one electrically conducting body, the said first assembly having at least a first configuration at a first temperature and a second configuration when at least one of the arms is at a second temperature different from the first temperature;, 'a mechanical device for electrical switching comprisingwherein the beam is out of contact with the said at least one electrically conducting body in one of the first configuration and second configuration and in contact with the said at least one electrically conducting body in the other of the first configuration and the second configuration and establishing or breaking an electrical link passing through the said at least one electrically conducting body and through the said ...

THROUGH-SILICON VIA RESONATORS IN CHIP PACKAGES AND METHODS OF ASSEMBLING SAME

A process of forming a through-silicon via (TSV) in a die includes forming a movable member in the TSV that can be actuated or that can be a sensor. Action of the movable member in the TSV can result in a logic word being sent from the TSV die to a subsequent die. The TSV die may be embedded in a substrate. The TSV die may also be coupled to a subsequent die. 1. A through-silicon via (TSV) microelectronic die , comprising:an active surface and a backside surface;a movable member disposed in the TSV that has a fixed first end at a location closer to the active surface than to the backside surface and that has a free end at a location closer to the backside surface than to the active surface; andan electrode disposed in the die closer to the free end, wherein the electrode is capable of moving the free end, or the electrode is capable of sensing motion of the free end.2. The TSV microelectronic die of claim 1 , further including a coreless claim 1 , bumpless build-up layer (BBUL-C) substrate in which the microelectronic die is disposed.3. The TSV microelectronic die of claim 1 , wherein the movable member is a bimetallic structure including a first component and a second component.4. The TSV microelectronic die of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a metal electrode that is disposed in the TSV at the die backside surface.5. The TSV microelectronic die of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a first metal electrode that is disposed in the TSV periphery at the die backside surface at a first side of the TSV claim 1 , and further including a second metal electrode that is disposed in the TSV periphery at a second side of the TSV that is opposite the first metal electrode.6. The TSV microelectronic die of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a first metal electrode that is disposed in the TSV periphery at the die backside surface at a first side of the TSV claim 1 , and further including:a second metal electrode that is disposed in the TSV periphery at a second side of the ...

Electromagnetic opening/closing device

An electromagnetic opening/closing device comprises: a measurement part that measure a change associated with opening/closing of a contact (the number of times the contact has been opened or closed); a life determining part that determines a state of the contact, based on the change (the number of times the contact has been opened or closed) measured by the measurement part; and an output part that outputs the determined result by the life determining part to outside. Accordingly, differently from the conventional technique, an apparatus, equipped with the electromagnetic opening/closing device, has no need to count the number of times the contact has been opened or closed in order to manage the lifetime of the device, and it is possible to easily manage the lifetime compared with conventional devices.

NORMALLY CLOSED MICROMECHANICAL DEVICE COMPRISING A LATERALLY MOVABLE ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR FORMING

A micromechanical device and a method for forming the device is disclosed, wherein the micromechanical device has a laterally movable mechanically active element that has a quiescent position in which it is in physical contact with a second structural element. The device is fabricating by disposing the mechanically active element on a first substrate and disposing the second structural element on a second substrate. After the two substrates are aligned and joined such that both the mechanically active element and the second structural element are in contact and affixed to one of the substrates, the other substrate is removed leaving all structural elements disposed on a single substrate. 1. A micromechanical device comprising:a first substrate that defines a first plane;a first anchor disposed on the first substrate, the first anchor being substantially immovable with respect to the first substrate;a movable element that is attached to the first anchor at a first end, the movable element having a second end that is selectively movable along a first direction that is substantially parallel with the first plane; anda first contact structure disposed on the first substrate, the first contact structure being substantially immovable with respect to the first substrate;wherein movable element is dimensioned and arranged such that it has (1) a quiescent position in which the second end and first contact structure are in physical contact, and (2) an actuated position in which the second end and first contact structure are physically disconnected.2. The device of wherein the movable element has stored mechanical energy when the movable element is in its quiescent position claim 1 , the stored mechanical energy having a component directed along a direction substantially parallel with the first plane.3. The device of further comprising an actuator claim 1 , the actuator being operable for moving the second end between the quiescent position and the actuated position.4. The ...

Semiconductor structures provided within a cavity and related design structures

Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) structures, methods of manufacture and design structures are disclosed. The method includes forming at least one Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) cavity. The method for forming the cavity further includes forming at least one first vent hole of a first dimension which is sized to avoid or minimize material deposition on a beam structure during sealing processes. The method for forming the cavity further includes forming at least one second vent hole of a second dimension, larger than the first dimension.

Method for evaluating the mechanical performances of a switchgear device and switchgear device for implementation of said method

The invention relates to a method for evaluating the mechanical performances of a switchgear device comprising at least one pole. Each pole comprises: a pair of contacts ( 12, 14 ); a support arm ( 16 ) for a first contact ( 14 ); a mechanism ( 22 ) for driving the support arm ( 16 ) comprising a rotary poles shaft ( 20 ) and energy accumulation means capable of driving a movement of the said arm in order to place the contacts ( 12, 14 ) in an open position. The method consists in: measuring the angle of rotation (θ) of the poles shaft ( 20 ) over a period of opening the contacts ( 12, 14 ); retrieving from the measurements at least one specific value; comparing the said specific value with specific initial operational specifications of the switchgear device; diagnosing the mechanical wear performances of the drive mechanism ( 22 ) as a function of a comparative state between the specific values obtained and those of the operational specifications.

Nanoelectromechanical Switch With Localized Nanoscale Conductive Pathway

The present invention is directed to a nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switch comprising two electrodes ( 12, 18 ), wherein: at least one ( 18 ) of the electrodes comprises an active layer ( 10 ) thereon; and at least one ( 12 ) of the electrodes is movable along a given direction (z), from a: non-contact position to a contact position where one of the electrodes contacts the other one ( 18 ) of the electrodes, at the level of a contact point (P); and the active layer exhibits a conductive pathway ( 16 ), which pathway: extends along said given direction (z) to enable electrical conduction from one of the electrodes to the other one of the electrodes in the contact position; and is confined to a given region (R 1 ) of the active layer, said region having nanoscale dimensions in a sectional plane (x, y) perpendicular to said given direction. The present invention is further directed to related devices, systems and methods.

Circuit interrupter employing a linear transducer to monitor contact erosion

A circuit interrupter includes, a first contact and a second contact, the second contact being moveable relative to the first contact, a drive assembly structured to move the second contact relative to the first contact, and an erosion monitoring device including a linear transducer coupled to a portion of the drive assembly. The liner transducer is structured to generate an output signal representative of an amount of linear displacement of the portion of the drive assembly, wherein the erosion monitoring device is structured to monitor a degree of erosion of at least one of the first contact and the second contact based on the output signal.

TERMINAL BLOCKS INCLUDING INTEGRAL SAFETY RELAYS HAVING INDEPENDENTLY TESTABLE CONTACTS

Terminal blocks including integral safety relays having independently testable contacts are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a terminal block body couplable to an electronics cabinet or mounting rail. The terminal block body includes a first slot to receive a first circuit and a second slot to receive a second circuit. The apparatus includes a first contact and a second contact that are externally accessible when the terminal block body is coupled to the electronics cabinet or the mounting rail. The apparatus includes a first switch and a second switch to selectively couple the first contact and the second contact and a test point coupled between the first switch and the second switch. The test point is to enable the first switch and the second switch to be independently testable to verify operability when the terminal block body is coupled to the electronics cabinet or the mounting rail. 1. An apparatus , comprising: a first slot to receive a first circuit; and', 'a second slot to receive a second circuit;, 'a terminal block body couplable to an electronics cabinet or a mounting rail, the terminal block body, comprisinga first latch movable between a first position and a second position, the first position to enable the first circuit to be secured within the first slot, the second position to enable the first circuit to be removed from the first slot;a second latch movable between a first position and a second position, the first position to enable the second circuit to be secured within the second slot, the second position to enable the second circuit to be removed from the second slot;a first contact and a second contact, the first contact and the second contact being externally accessible when the terminal block body is coupled to the electronics cabinet or the mounting rail; anda first switch and a second switch to selectively couple the first contact and the second contact, the first and second switches being testable to verify operability.2. The ...

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING A PROPERTY OF AN ELECTRICAL SWITCHING DEVICE, DEVICES FOR IMPLEMENTING THESE METHODS

A method for estimating a property of an electrical switching device includes: 1. A method for estimating a property of an electrical switching device , notably an energy value of an electric arc during an opening phase of the device , the method comprising:detecting a movement of electrical contacts of the switching device beyond an opening threshold;measuring, for at least one phase of the electrical device, the electric current through this phase;evaluating, for at least one phase of the electrical device, the voltage of an electric arc between the electrical contacts that are associated with this phase; andcalculating, for at least said phase of the electrical device, an energy value associated with the electric arc, by numerically integrating the product of the measured electric current and of the evaluated voltage, the integration being performed over a time interval starting from the detection of the movement of the electrical contacts.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an anomaly condition is identified if the energy value exceeds a predefined threshold.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said time interval is ended on the expiry of a predefined period.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the predefined period is equal to 50 ms or to 100 ms.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said time interval is ended when the electric current measured for this electrical phase reaches a zero value.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the switching device is a contactor including an electromagnetic actuator.8. A method for estimating a state of wear of electrical contacts of an electrical switching device claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'estimating an energy value associated with an electric arc appearing between electrical contacts of a phase of the device during an opening phase of the contacts, by means of a method according to ; and'}calculating a value representative of a state of wear ...

MEMS Devices and Fabrication Methods Thereof

A device includes a carrier having a plurality of cavities, a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) substrate bonded on the carrier, wherein the MEMS substrate comprises a first side bonded on the carrier, a moving element over a bottom electrode, wherein the bottom electrode is formed of polysilicon and a second side having a plurality of bonding pads and a semiconductor substrate bonded on the MEMS substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises a top electrode and the first moving element is between the top electrode and the bottom electrode. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a carrier having a plurality of cavities; a first side bonded on the carrier;', 'a first moving element over a bottom electrode, wherein the bottom electrode is formed of polysilicon; and', 'a second side having a plurality of bonding pads; and, 'a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) substrate bonded on the carrier, wherein the MEMS substrate comprisesa semiconductor substrate bonded on the MEMS substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises a top electrode, and wherein the first moving element is between the top electrode and the bottom electrode.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein:the MEMS substrate comprises a plurality of air channels coupled to the cavities of the carrier.3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein:each cavity of the plurality of cavities comprises an extrusion.4. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first dielectric layer deposited on the first side of the MEMS substrate;a vapor HF stop layer formed over the first dielectric layer;a second dielectric layer formed over the vapor HF stop layer; anda bonding layer formed over the second dielectric layer.5. The semiconductor device of claim 4 , where:the first dielectric layer is a first oxide layer;the vapor HF stop layer is a low stress nitride layer;the second dielectric layer is a second oxide layer; andthe bonding layer is formed of polysilicon.6. The ...

Contact mems architecture for improved cycle count and hot-switching and esd

The disclosure is directed to optimized switching circuitry utilizing MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) circuitry in series with solid state circuitry. Specifically, the MEMS circuitry includes a first MEMS circuit in parallel with (and separate from) a second MEMS circuit. A paired signal is defined as a transmit signal and a receive signal (in a single band) that are transmitted or received on separate paths or on separate nodes. The transmit signal is associated with the first MEMS circuit, and the receive signal is associated with the second MEMS circuit. The solid state circuitry switches between the first MEMS circuit and second MEMS circuit without requiring any switching in the first or second MEMS circuits.

High power, multi-phase, AC power contact arc suppressor

An arc suppressing circuit configured to suppress arcing across a power contactor coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source having a predetermined number of phases, each contact of the power contactor corresponding to one of the predetermined number of phases includes a number of dual unidirectional arc suppressors equal to the predetermined number of phases of the AC power source. Each dual unidirectional arc suppressor includes a first phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across the associated contacts in a positive domain, a a second phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across the associated contacts in a negative domain, and a coil lock controller, configured to be coupled between a contact coil driver of the power contactor, configured to detect an output condition from the contact coil driver and inhibit operation of the first and second phase-specific arc suppressors over a predetermined time. 1. An arc suppressing circuit configured to suppress arcing across a power contactor coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source having a predetermined number of phases , each contact of the power contactor corresponding to one of the predetermined number of phases , the arc suppressing circuit comprising: a first phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across the associated contacts in a positive domain;', 'a second phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across the associated contacts in a negative domain; and', 'a coil lock controller, configured to be coupled between a contact coil driver of the power contactor, configured to detect an output condition from the contact coil driver and inhibit operation of the first and second phase-specific arc suppressors over a predetermined time., 'a number of dual unidirectional arc suppressors equal to the predetermined number of phases of the AC power source, each dual unidirectional arc suppressor coupled across the power ...

LED CHIP WITH INTEGRATED ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCH

The invention provides an LED chip having an integrated electrostatic switch for electromechanical control of the LED. A suspended beam switch floats above a conductive control electrode, and by a charging of the electrode may be attracted downward to make connection between an LED structure and an external electrode. Components are mounted on a common substrate so that a fully integrated LED with MEMS switch is formed. Methods for producing the LED chip are further provided, in which production of the switching mechanism is fully integrated with the production of the LED structure. 1. An LED chip , comprising:a semiconductor substrate;first and second external terminals;an LED structure connected between the first and second external terminals, the LED structure comprising a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer over the first semiconductor layer, each layer having a top surface and a bottom surface;a suspended beam electrostatic switch connected in series with the LED structure between the first and second external terminals, or in parallel with the LED structure;a third external terminal; anda control electrode connected to the third external terminal for controlling the suspended beam electrostatic switch,the first semiconductor layer comprising two electrically isolated sub-portions isolated by a dividing channel in the first semiconductor layer and physically connected at their bottom surfaces by the semiconductor substrate,the second semiconductor layer partially covering the top surface of the first semiconductor layer,an internal terminal being connected to the anode or cathode of the LED structure and disposed on the top surface of one sub-portion of the lower semiconductor layer, andthe second external terminal being disposed on the top surface of the other sub-portion of the lower semiconductor layer, and the control electrode being disposed on a surface within the dividing channel.2. An LED chip as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ...

MOVABLE CONTACT ARM FOR MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER AND MOVABLE CONTACT ARM ASSEMBLY

The present disclosure is to provide a movable contact arm capable of securing a revolution radius to a closed position of the movable contact arm such that adhesive materials on the shaft due to arc scattering materials can be removed with no installation of additional elements, and a movable contact arm according to the present disclosure may comprise an adhesive material removal portion formed on a lateral surface at which a contact of the movable contact arm is located, and configured to minimize a contact area with adhesive materials so as to remove the adhesive materials due to an arc. 1. A movable contact arm for a molded case circuit breaker , comprising:an adhesive material removal portion formed on a lateral surface at which a contact of the movable contact arm is located, and configured to minimize a contact area with adhesive materials so as to remove the adhesive materials due to an arc.2. The movable contact arm for a molded case circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal cross section of the adhesive material removal portion has a wedge shape.3. The movable contact arm for a molded case circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal cross section of the adhesive material removal portion has an arc shape.4. The movable contact arm for a molded case circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal cross section of the adhesive material removal portion has a saw teeth shape.5. A movable contact arm assembly for a molded case circuit breaker claim 1 , comprising:a movable contact arm; anda shaft configured to support and drive the movable contact arm to a circuit open position or circuit closed position, and having a stopper portion for determining a revolution limit to the circuit closed position of the movable contact arm,wherein the movable contact arm comprises:an adhesive material removal portion formed on a lateral surface at which a contact of the movable contact arm is located, and configured to minimize a contact area with ...

Micromechanical component having a bond joint

A micromechanical component includes a substrate and a first oxide layer on the substrate, the first oxide layer having an aperture. The component further includes a conductive functional layer, which is provided on the first oxide layer in the region of the aperture, and a metal layer, which is provided on the functional layer, for producing a bond joint. A second oxide layer is provided on lateral faces of the functional layer for insulating the functional layer. 1. A micromechanical component , comprising:a substrate;a first oxide layer on the substrate, the first oxide layer having an aperture;a conductive functional layer, which is on the first oxide layer in a region of the aperture; anda metal layer, which is on the functional layer for providing a bond joint; anda second oxide layer on lateral faces of the functional layer for insulating the functional layer.2. The micromechanical component of claim 1 , wherein the functional layer is embedded in a casting compound.3. The micromechanical component of claim 2 , wherein the functional layer is separated on all sides from the casting compound by the first oxide layer claim 2 , the second oxide layer and the metal layer.4. The micromechanical component of claim 1 , further comprising:a seismic mass, whose upper edge ends with the upper edge of the functional layer, wherein the seismic mass is made of a same material as the functional layer.5. A method for manufacturing a micromechanical component claim 1 , the method comprising:providing a substrate having a first oxide layer, the first oxide layer having an aperture, and a functional layer, which is provided on the first oxide layer in a region of the aperture;generating a trench in the functional layer in the region around the aperture; andfilling the trench with a second oxide layer.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the trench is filled with the second oxide layer with the aid of plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein a ...

MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE, WHICH CAN BE USED AS NON-VOLATILE MEMORY MODULE OR RELAY, AND MEMORY INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES

A microelectromechanical device, in particular a non-volatile memory module or a relay, comprising: a mobile body including a top region and a bottom region; top electrodes facing the top region; and bottom electrodes, facing the bottom region. The mobile body is, in a resting condition, at a distance from the electrodes. The latter can be biased for generating a movement of the mobile body for causing a direct contact of the top region with the top electrodes and, in a different operating condition, a direct contact of the bottom region with the bottom electrodes. In the absence of biasing, molecular-attraction forces maintain in stable mutual contact the top region and the top electrodes or, alternatively, the bottom region and the bottom electrodes. 1. A microelectromechanical device , comprising:a mobile body configured to move in a direction, and including a first coupling region and a second coupling region;a first electrode and a second electrode, directly facing the first coupling region and electrically insulated from one another; anda third electrode and a fourth electrode, directly facing the second coupling region and electrically insulated from one another, wherein:said mobile body is, in a resting condition, at a distance from the first and second electrodes and from the third and fourth electrodes,the mobile body, the first and second electrodes, and the third and fourth electrodes are configured to be electrically biased into generating a movement of the mobile body in said direction for causing, in a first operating condition, a direct contact of the first coupling region with the first and second electrodes and, in a second operating condition, a direct contact of the second coupling region with the third and fourth electrodes,the first coupling region and the first and second top electrodes are configured, in the first operating condition and in the absence of electrical biasing, to remain in stable mutual contact as a result of molecular- ...

SWITCH COVER

A cover for an electric switch assembly is disclosed in the present application. The cover includes connecting features that permit connection to a housing for the switch assembly in at least two locations. A first location is defined by a cover positioned to completely enclose all electrically conductive components in the switch assembly. A second location is defined by a cover positioned to enclose a portion of electrically conductive components and to permit access to a circuit associated with an open switch in the switch assembly. 1. A combination comprising: a housing;', 'electrical conductive elements located within the housing;, 'a switch assembly includingat least one switch blade formed from a conductive element and movable between first and second positions;a cover configured to couple with the housing in at least two locations;wherein the switch cover completely encloses all of the electrically conductive elements in a first location and the switch cover encloses less than all of the electrically conductive elements in a second location.2. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the second position of the switch blade defines an open switch.3. The combination of claim 2 , wherein the cover limits access to the switch blade when the switch blade is in the second position and cover is in the second location.4. The combination of claim 2 , wherein the cover permits access to electrically conductive components that are electrically isolated from the switch blade when the switch blade is in the second position and cover is in the second location.5. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes an elongate rod extending therefrom.6. The combination of claim 5 , wherein the cover includes an aperture extending through a wall of the cover configured to receive the elongate rod therethrough when the cover is coupled to the housing in the first location.7. The combination of claim 5 , wherein the cover includes an internal boss extending from a wall claim ...

A MICROFLUIDIC ANALYTICAL PLATFORM FOR AUTONOMOUS IMMUNOASSAYS

It is provided a microfluidic analytical device and platform for autonomous immunoassays such as ELISA comprising a porous layer having at least one slot therein and a porous arm extending from the porous layer and pivotable about the arm's root, the porous arm being pivotable between an off position wherein the porous arm is spaced away from the slot and an on position wherein the porous arm is disposed in the slot and the hydrophilic element spans the slot to define a fluid flow path across the slot; a heat-responsive shaped memory polymer (SMP) disposed underneath the porous layer, the SMP being elastically deformable in response to being heated to move the porous arm between the on and off positions; and a heat source in heat-conducting contact with the SMP to elastically deform the SMP. 1. A microfluidic analytical device , comprising:a porous layer having at least one slot therein and a porous arm extending from the porous layer and pivotable about the arm's root, a distal end of the porous arm having a hydrophilic element, the porous arm being pivotable between an off position wherein the porous arm is spaced away from the slot and an on position wherein the porous arm is disposed in the slot and the hydrophilic element spans the slot to define a fluid flow path across the slot;a heat-responsive shaped memory polymer (SMP) disposed underneath the porous layer and abutting against the porous arm, the SMP being elastically deformable in response to being heated to move the porous arm between the on and off positions; anda heat source in heat-conducting contact with the SMP to elastically deform the SMP.2. The microfluidic analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the porous layer is selected from the group consisting of porous cellulose paper claim 1 , porous hydrophilic fabrics claim 1 , porous nitrocellulose paper and membrane claim 1 , porous glass microfiber membrane claim 1 , and porous carbon nanofiber membrane.3. The microfluidic analytical device of claim ...

SWITCH CIRCUIT, METHOD FOR OPERATING A SWITCH CIRCUIT AND AN AUTOMATED TEST EQUIPMENT

A switch circuit includes at least a first and a second switch element connected in series and a switch control configured for providing control signals for switching the first and the second switch element, such that the control signals have a different timing and such that the first and the second switch element perform one joint switch function. 1. A switch circuit , comprising:at least a first and a second switch elements coupled in series; anda switch control configured to provide a first control signal and a second control signal to switch the first switch element and the second switch element, respectively, wherein the first control signal is operable to switch a state of the first switch element at a different time relative to a time at which the second control signal is operable to switch a state of the second switch element.2. The switch circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the second switch element comprises a different switch type relative to the first switch element claim 1 , and wherein the first and second switch elements together operate as a switch.3. A switch circuit claim 1 , comprising:at least a first and a second switch elements, wherein the second switch element comprises a different switch type relative to the first switch element, wherein the second switch element is coupled in series with the first switch element; anda switch control configured to provide a first control signal and a second control signal to switch the first switch element and the second switch element, respectively.4. The switch circuit according to claim 3 , wherein the first control signal is operable to switch a state of the first switch element at a different time relative to a time at which the second control signal is operable to switch a state of the second switch element claim 3 , and wherein the first and second switch elements together operate as a switch.5. The switch circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the first switch element is configured for robustly ...

Device for detecting contact of an electrical conductor by a tool

The invention relates to a device for detecting contact of a tool ( 2 a, 2 b ) with an electrical conductor ( 5 b ) encased by an electrical insulation ( 5 a ). In order to ensure a reliable, robust and simple display of the tool-conductor contact for potential-free and short cable lengths, the tool ( 2 a, 2 b ) consisting of an electrically conductive material is fastened to a tool holder ( 1 a; 1 b ) made of electrically conductive material. A thin electrical insulation is provided between tool ( 2 a, 2 b ) and tool holder ( 1 a, 1 b ) so that these components together with the coaxial cable form a capacitor (CS). An inductance (La; Lb) is connected parallel to this so that a high-Q LC resonant circuit is formed between tool and tool holder. The electronic circuit arrangement excites the resonant circuit and determines characteristic oscillation parameters of this resonant circuit. Furthermore, for the cable processing tool-conductor contacts can be weighted according to contact time and specific time within the cable processing process and thus quantitative production exclusion criteria are determined.

Electrical Medium Or High Voltage Switching Device

An electrical switching device for medium or high voltage circuits having at least a nominal contact arrangement, wherein the nominal contact arrangement includes at least a first nominal contact including a plurality of contact fingers forming a finger cage concentric with respect to a longitudinal axis, wherein the contact fingers are separated from one another by empty slots extending up to a free end of the contact fingers. The empty slots include first and second empty slots, wherein the second empty slots are shorter than the first empty slots, and wherein the contact fingers are grouped in groups, with the contact fingers of each group being separated by second empty slots and the contact fingers of adjacent groups being separated by first empty slots. 1. An electrical switching device for medium or high voltage circuits having at least a nominal contact arrangement , wherein the nominal contact arrangement comprises:a) at least a first nominal contact comprising a plurality of contact fingers forming a finger cage concentric with respect to a longitudinal axis, wherein the contact fingers are separated from one another by empty slots extending up to a free end of the contact fingers, andb) at least a mating second nominal contact,wherein at least one of the nominal contacts is movable parallel to the longitudinal axis and cooperates with the other nominal contact for closing and opening the electric switching device,characterized in that the empty slots comprise first and second empty slots, wherein the second empty slots are shorter than the first empty slots, and wherein the contact fingers are grouped in groups, with the contact fingers of each group being separated by the second empty slots and the contact fingers of adjacent groups being separated by the first empty slots.2. The electrical switching device according to claim 1 , wherein each contact finger is adjacent to at least one of the second empty slots.3. The electrical switching device according ...

MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FORMING A MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE HAVING A SUPPORT STRUCTURE HOLDING A LAMELLA STRUCTURE

A method for forming a microelectromechanical device is shown. The method comprises forming a cavity in a semiconductor substrate material, wherein the semiconductor substrate material comprises an opening for providing access to the cavity through a main surface area of the semiconductor substrate material. In a further step, the method comprises forming a support structure having a support structure material different from the semiconductor substrate material to close the opening at least partially by mechanically connecting the main surface area of the semiconductor substrate material with the bottom of the cavity. Furthermore, the method comprises a step of forming a lamella structure in the main surface area above the cavity such that the lamella structure is held spaced apart from the bottom of the cavity by the support structure. 1. A method for forming a microelectromechanical device , the method comprising:forming a cavity in a semiconductor substrate material, wherein the semiconductor substrate material comprises an opening for providing access to the cavity through a main surface area of the semiconductor substrate material;forming a support structure having a support structure material different from the semiconductor substrate material, to close the opening at least partially by mechanically connecting the main surface area of the semiconductor substrate material with the bottom of the cavity; andforming a lamella structure in the main surface area above the cavity such that the lamella structure is held spaced apart from the bottom of the cavity by the support structure.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the forming of the support structure comprises depositing the support structure material from the bottom of the cavity to the main surface area of the semiconductor substrate material.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the support structure material comprises an isolating material.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Hierarchical Assembly of Self-Replicating Spacecraft Using Distributed Mechanisms and Actuation in Digital Materials

A system of flexural, actuating, and semiconducting elements of part-types necessary to assemble actuated robotic systems. These parts are joined with a common interface, interlocking with neighboring parts to form a regular lattice structure. Primary considerations for the design of the part interfaces include ease of assembly and the ability to transfer mechanical loads and electronic signals to neighboring parts. The parts are designed to be assembled vertically so structures can he built incrementally one part at a time. They can be easily fabricated at a range of length-scales using a variety of two-dimensional manufacturing processes. These processes include, for example, stamping and laminating, which enable high-throughput production. The simple mechanical interfaces between parts also enable disassembly allowing for reconfigurability and reuse. The interlocking nature of these assemblies allows loads to be distributed through many parallel load-paths. 1. A discrete assembly system comprising:a plurality of parts belonging to a finite number of part types, the parts constructed to be joined with a common interface;wherein the parts, when joined, form a regular lattice structure; andwherein, the parts are configured to be assembled vertically allowing a structure to be assembled one part at a time.2. The system of wherein the parts are fabricated at different length scales by a 2-dimensional manufacturing processes.3. The system of wherein the parts interlock claim 1 , allowing loads to be distributed through a plurality of parallel load paths.4. The system of wherein the finite number of parts types comprises two parts types.5. The system of wherein the two parts types are node parts and strut parts.6. The system of wherein nodes are assembled from four identical node parts claim 5 , each with four slots claim 5 , each slot constructed to rigidly connect to a strut part.7. The system of wherein struts are constructed from strut parts.8. The system of wherein ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING FUNCTIONAL SAFETY MONITORING OF RELAY CONTACTS

A system () and method is provided that facilitates functional safety monitoring of relay contacts. The system may include a contactless sensor circuit () that includes: an output signal antenna () positioned in the contactless sensor circuit to extend between at least two contacts () of a relay (); and first and second input signal antennas () positioned in the contactless sensor circuit respectively adjacent the at least two contacts of the relay, such that the output signal antenna and the at least two contacts of the relay are positioned between the first and second input signal antennas. The system may also include a processor () configured to cause the output signal antenna to output a wireless signal () capable of being received by the first and second input signal antennas while the processor monitors wireless signals received by the first and second input signals antennas. The processor may be configured to determine that the relay has a fault based on the wireless signals received by the first and second input signal antennas, and responsive thereto output at least one communication () indicative of a fault with the relay being detected. 115.-. (canceled)16. A system for providing functional safety monitoring of relay contacts comprising: an output signal antenna positioned in the contactless sensor circuit to extend between at least two contacts of a relay; and', 'first and second input signal antennas positioned in the contactless sensor circuit respectively adjacent the at least two contacts of the relay, such that the output signal antenna and the at least two contacts of the relay are positioned between the first and second input signal antennas; and, 'a contactless sensor circuit that includesa processor configured to cause the output signal antenna to output a wireless signal capable of being received by the first and second input signal antennas while the processor monitors wireless signals received by the first and second input signals antennas, ...

ELECTRIC CURRENT SWITCHING APPARATUS

An exemplary electric switch mounting arrangement includes a housing and a stationary contact to be mounted to an aperture in a wall of the housing. The arrangement having a compensation component within the interior area of the aperture for allowing stationary contacts of two different sizes to be mounted to the aperture, which compensation component includes one or more projections formed on the housing or the stationary contact and/or one or more recesses formed on the housing or stationary contact for receiving the one or more projections. 1. An electric switch mounting arrangement comprising:a housing; anda stationary contact to be mounted to an aperture in a wall of the housing,wherein the housing includes a first projection within an interior area of the aperture for allowing stationary contacts of two different thicknesses to be mounted to the aperture such that when a stationary contact of a greater thickness is mounted to the aperture, a recess is arranged to receive the first projection of the housing, and when the stationary contact of a smaller thickness is mounted to the aperture, the stationary contact is arranged to lie on the first projection of the housing.2. The electric switch mounting arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the first projection is arranged on an edge of a bottom of the aperture and covers only a part of the bottom of the aperture claim 1 , and is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the stationary contact.3. The electric switch mounting arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the first projection is arranged on a bottom of the aperture and extends through the bottom of the aperture perpendicularly to a longitudinal direction of the stationary contact.4. The electric switch mounting arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the first projection is formed on the housing through a molding process of the housing.5. The electric switch mounting arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the two stationary contacts include a ...

Microelectronic Component Arrangement and Production Method for a Microelectronic Component Arrangement

A microelectronic component arrangement includes a sensor and a carrier. The sensor has a detection surface and a region including contact elements situated at a first distance with respect to one another. The carrier includes a mounting surface, and the sensor is fixed on the carrier by the contact elements situated at a first distance with respect to one another at least regionally. The detection surface is opposite the mounting surface in a manner having a second distance with respect to the mounting surface. The contact elements are wetted by a mechanically stabilizing material, the region including the contact elements is enclosed by the mechanically stabilizing material, and the detection surface is free of the mechanically stabilizing material. 1100. A microelectronic component arrangement () comprising: at least one detection surface; and', 'at least one region including contact elements that are situated at a first distance with respect to one another; and, 'a sensor, includinga carrier including a mounting surface,wherein the sensor is fixed on the carrier by the contact elements situated at the first distance with respect to one another at least regionally,wherein the at least one detection surface is arranged opposite the mounting surface in a manner having a second distance with respect to the mounting surface,wherein the contact elements are wetted by a mechanically stabilizing material,wherein the at least one region is enclosed by the mechanically stabilizing material, andwherein the detection surface is free of the mechanically stabilizing material.2. The microelectronic component arrangement as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:at least one access to the detection surface is present between the at least one detection surface and the mounting surface, andthe at least one access is free of the mechanically stabilizing material.3. The microelectronic component arrangement as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the first distance between the contact elements is ...

DETERMINING A STATE OF A SWITCHING UNIT

Method for detecting a state of a switching unit, the switching unit comprising an element that is movable between a first position and a second position. 1. Method for detecting a state of a switching unit , the switching unit comprising an element that is movable between a first position and a second position , the method comprising the following steps , for an iteration of index k greater than or equal to 2:a) acquiring at least one measurement indicative of a displacement of the movable element between the first position and the second position on the iteration index k;b) comparing at least the measurement acquired in the given iteration k with a first set of measurements acquired in the preceding iterations 1 to k−1, the first set comprising the measurements acquired between the iterations k−L and k−1, L being an integer greater than or equal to 1;c) generating a first alarm based on the comparison obtained in step b) to indicate that the switching unit is in an unavailable state;d) comparing at least the measurement acquired in the given iteration k with a second set of measurements acquired in the preceding iterations 1 to k−1, the second set comprising the measurements acquired between the iterations N and N+M−1, N and M being integers greater than or equal to 1; ande) generating a second alarm based on the comparison obtained in step d) to indicate that the switching unit is in a degraded state.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the comparison obtained in step b) is performed by application of the Chauvenet criterion.5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the first alarm and/or the second alarm are generated when the comparisons obtained in step b) and/or in step d) are greater than a threshold value.6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement corresponds to a range of rotation lying between 20% and 80% of a displacement travel of the movable element between the first position and the second position.7. Method according to claim 1 , ...

Motion sensing device for vacuum circuit breaker and vacuum circuit breaker comprising same

The present disclosure relates to a motion sensing device for a vacuum circuit breaker and a vacuum circuit breaker comprising same. A motion sensing device for a vacuum circuit breaker, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprises: a sensor module, installed adjacent to a main shaft, for sensing an operation state of the main shaft; and a bracket, coupled to the sensor module, for supporting the sensor module.

CONTACT ARRANGEMENT FOR HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR WITH CONTACT ARRANGEMENT

A contact arrangement has a symmetry axis (z) and includes at least a first elongated contact and at least a second elongated contact. At least one of the contacts is movable linearly along the axis (z) relative to the other contact and contacts it electrically and mechanically at a front face of each contact. The first and/or the second contact is at least partially hollow, thereby forming a hollow space in its interior. A diameter, with regard to the axis (z), of the hollow space of the first and/or the second contact varies along at least a section of the hollow space and the hollow space has an opening on the front face of the first and/or the second contact. 1. Contact arrangement having at least an axis (z) , and comprising:at least a first elongated contact and at least a second elongated contact, wherein at least one of the first and second contacts is movable relative to the other contact and is designed for contacting the other contact electrically and mechanically, at a front face of each of the first and second contacts;wherein the first contact and/or the second contact is at least partially hollow, thereby forming a hollow space in its interior, wherein a diameter, with regard to the axis (z), of the hollow space of the first contact and/or the second contact varies along at least a section of the hollow space, and the hollow space has an opening on the front face of the first contact and/or the second contact.2. Contact arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the first contact is a movable contact and the second contact is a fixed contact.3. Contact arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the first contact and the second contact are movable contacts.4. Contact arrangement device according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow space of the first contact and/or the second contact has a nozzle-shaped first section starting at the opening.5. Contact arrangement according to claim 4 , wherein the hollow space has a second section being in fluid-connection ...

Direct Current Contactor Wear Tracking

The present invention is notably directed to methods for estimating a degradation of an electronically controlled electro-mechanical switch. The methods comprise determining a change of state of the contactor. They also comprise, computing, for each determined change of state, a wear increment Wof the contactor by: identifying a wear coefficient using a mapping between a last measured current through the contactor and a current range associated with a given wear coefficient; computing the actual wear Wof the contactor by adding the computed wear increment Wto a former known wear Wof the contactor. 1. A computer-implemented method for estimating a degradation of an electronically controlled electro-mechanical switch , comprising:determining a change of state of a contactor;{'sub': 'I', 'claim-text': 'identifying a wear coefficient using a mapping between a last measured current through the contactor and a current range associated with a given wear coefficient;', 'for each determined change of state, computing a wear increment Wof the contactor by{'sub': N', 'I', 'I−1, 'computing the actual wear Wof the contactor by adding the computed wear increment Wto a former known wear Wof the contactor.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining a change of state of the contactor further comprises:detecting that a current change through the contactor occurred.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining a change of state of the contactor further comprises:periodically monitoring the current through the contactor, thus forming a set of records of the current through the contactor.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:when a change of state is detected, determining from the set of records of current whether a current change through the contactor occurred;if a current change through the contactor occurred, recovering the last measured current through the contactor from the set of records of the current; andif no current change through the contactor occurred, ...

Method of Manufacturing Semiconductor Device

Described herein is a technique capable of forming a sacrificial film with a high wet etching rate so as to obtain a wet etching selectivity with respect to a movable electrode when manufacturing a cantilever structure sensor. According to one aspect of the technique of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including: (a) placing a substrate with a sacrificial film containing impurities on a substrate support in a process chamber, wherein the sacrificial film is formed so as to cover a control electrode, a pedestal and a counter electrode formed on the substrate; (b) heating the substrate; and (c) modifying the sacrificial film into a modified sacrificial film by supplying an oxygen-containing gas in a plasma state to the substrate to desorb the impurities from the sacrificial film after (b). 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:(a) placing a substrate with a sacrificial film containing impurities on a substrate support in a process chamber, wherein the sacrificial film is formed so as to cover a control electrode, a pedestal and a counter electrode formed on the substrate;(b) heating the substrate; and(c) modifying the sacrificial film into a modified sacrificial film by supplying an oxygen-containing gas in a plasma state to the substrate to desorb the impurities from the sacrificial film after (b).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the substrate in (b).3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:(d) terminating the modified sacrificial film by supplying a hydrogen-containing gas to the substrate after (c).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the hydrogen-containing gas is in a plasma state.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein (c) and (d) are continuously performed in the process chamber.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein (c) and (d) are continuously performed in the process chamber.7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:(e) forming a cover ...

METHOD FOR MAKING A STRUCTURE FOR RESUMING CONTACT

A method for making a conducting structure comprising steps of: 1. A method for making at least one contacting structure comprising a conducting area positioned on one face of a support , the method comprising steps consisting of:removing a thickness a support face in order to release one end of a conducting element, said conducting element at least partially crossing the thickness of the support and including an end which is flush on said face or projects beyond from said face of the support,forming on said face of the support, at least one area based on a dielectric material on said conducting element,forming in said dielectric materials at least one first block of dielectric material including a first cavity provided with inclined walls relatively to a normal to the main plane of said support and a bottom revealing said conducting element, this step being at least achieved by applying a mold on said area of dielectric material,filling said cavity with a conducting material so as to form a conducting area in the extension of said conducting element.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step a) claim 1 , said given face of the support includes at least one portion of a second conducting element claim 1 , and wherein the application of the mold is accomplished so that at least one second block of dielectric material including at least one second cavity reveals said second conducting element.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the application of the mold is carried out so that said first block of dielectric material and said second block of dielectric material belong to a same area of dielectric material or are separated by an empty space.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said first cavity and said second cavity have upper portions communicating with each other.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the application of the mold is achieved so that said first block of dielectric material and said second block of dielectric ...

MICROMIRROR DEVICE AND PROJECTION DEVICE

A micromirror device including a drive unit, which includes a movable drive element, which is situated in a first plane, and a guiding device, and a mirror, which is elastically coupled to the drive element and is situated in the idle position in a second plane, which is in parallel to the first plane, the guiding device being designed to guide a movement of the drive element on a straight line situated in the first plane. Furthermore, a corresponding projection device is described. 111-. (canceled)12. A micromirror device , comprising:a drive unit situated in a first plane, the drive unit including a movable drive element and a guiding device; anda mirror elastically coupled to the drive element, the mirror being situated in an idle position in a second plane, which is in parallel to the first plane;wherein the guiding device is designed to guide a movement of the drive element on a straight line situated in the first plane.13. The micromirror device as recited in claim 12 , wherein the guiding device includes at least one first spring claim 12 , the at least one first spring including a leaf spring which has a lowest spring stiffness in a direction of the straight line and is coupled to the at least one drive element.14. The micromirror device as recited in claim 13 , wherein the at least one first spring is coupled to a carrier structure of the micromirror device at its end which is not coupled to the drive element.15. The micromirror device as recited in claim 14 , wherein a plurality of first springs is provided claim 14 , which are coupled in a symmetrically distributed way to a post standing upright on the first plane claim 14 , the post being coupled to the carrier structure of the micromirror device.16. The micromirror device as recited in claim 12 , further comprising:a magnet device;wherein the drive element includes an electrical coil, and the magnet device is designed to generate a magnetic field which exerts a force on the electrical coil in such a way ...

MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATING DEVICE PROVIDING A MOVEMENT HAVING MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM

A micro-electromechanical actuating device is disclosed. The micro-electromechanical actuating device includes a substrate having a cavity having a first area; a fixing portion disposed on the substrate; a first frame disposed around the fixing portion; and an elastic element connecting the first frame and the fixing portion, and causing the first frame to be suspended above the substrate, wherein the first frame has a projecting area onto the substrate; and the first area and the projecting area have an overlapping portion. 1. A micro-electromechanical actuating device providing a movement having multiple degrees of freedom , comprising: 'a first frame suspended above the substrate, and having a center point;', 'a substrate including a first cavity formed thereon;'}a fixing portion disposed on the substrate, and surrounded by the first frame;a first micro-electromechanical actuator unit disposed between the first frame and the fixing portion, and configured to generate a first force in a first direction which does not pass through the center point;a second micro-electromechanical actuator unit disposed between the first frame and the fixing portion, and configured to generate a second force in a second direction which does not pass through the center point, wherein the first direction is parallel to the second direction, the first and the second forces jointly form a first resultant force in a first resultant direction passing through the center point;a third micro-electromechanical actuator unit disposed between the first frame and the fixing portion, and configured to generate a third force in a third direction which does not pass through the center point; anda fourth micro-electromechanical actuator unit disposed between the first frame and the fixing portion, and configured to generate a fourth force in a fourth direction which does not pass through the center point, wherein the third direction is parallel to the fourth direction, the third and the fourth force ...

MEMS SPEAKER AND METHOD OF MICROFABRICATION OF SUCH A SPEAKER

A MEMS speaker suitable for generating audible sound waves, includes a bimetallic strip actuation system extending in a first plane and an amplification capsule including a membrane extending in a second plane, parallel to the first plane, the membrane including a rigid interior zone and a flexible exterior zone, and a rigid coupling wall, fastened at the periphery of the bimetallic strip actuation system to make the exterior zone of the membrane integral with said actuation system. 1. A MEMS speaker adapted to generate audible sound waves , comprising a bimetallic strip actuation system extending in a first plane , and an amplification capsule comprising:a membrane extending in a second plane, parallel to the first plane, said membrane comprising a rigid interior zone and a flexible exterior zone, anda rigid coupling wall, fastened at a periphery of the bimetallic strip actuation system to make the flexible exterior zone of the membrane integral with said actuation system and, under the effect of an actuation voltage, generate a bending moment resulting in a translation of the rigid interior zone of said membrane.2. The MEMS speaker according to claim 1 , wherein the bimetallic strip actuation system comprises at least one piezoelectric actuator integrated into a layer of an elastic material.3. The MEMS speaker according to claim 1 , wherein the amplification capsule and the bimetallic strip actuation system are of circular shaped with claim 1 , at rest claim 1 , an identical outer diameter.4. The MEMS speaker according to claim 3 , wherein the bimetallic strip actuation system is of annular shape.5. The MEMS speaker according to claim 1 , wherein the amplification capsule has a disc shape and the bimetallic strip actuation system comprises at least one pair of rectangular-shaped actuators claim 1 , the actuators of each pair being positioned facing one another claim 1 , diametrically opposite.6. The MEMS speaker according to claim 1 , wherein the rigid interior ...

METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE CONTACT STATE OF AN ELECTRICAL SWITCH, AND ELECTRICAL SWITCH WITH SUCH A METHOD

A method for calculating the contact state of an electrical switch is disclosed, In an embodiment, the method includes: collecting first input values for calculating the contact state in a first component of the electrical switch; collecting second input values for calculating the contact state in a second component of the electrical switch; and calculating the contact state of the electrical switch from the first input values and the second input values. 1. A method for calculating a contact state of an electrical switch , the method comprising:collecting first input values for calculating the contact state in a first component of the electrical switch;collecting second input values for calculating the contact state in a second component of the electrical switch; andcalculating the contact state of the electrical switch from the first input values and the second input values.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:transmitting the first input values from the first component to the second component of the electrical switch;wherein the contact state of the electrical switch is calculated from the first input values and the second input values in the second component.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:transmitting the second input values from the second component to the first component of the electrical switch;wherein the contact state of the electrical switch is calculated from the first input values and the second input values in the first component.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:transmitting the first input values and the second input values from the first and second components to a third component of the electrical switch;wherein the contact state of the electrical switch is calculated from the first input values and the second input values in the third component.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collecting of first input values means that at least one of a breaker status sensor signal and a trip alarm switch signal are at ...

MECHANICAL WEAR, WIPE AND STROKE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS

A contact wear indicator assembly for a circuit breaker assembly is provided. The contact wear indicator assembly includes an interface assembly, an indicator drive assembly, and a user display assembly. The user display assembly includes an output device. The output device is structured to produce a visual indication representative of a measurable contact characteristic. The indicator drive assembly is operatively coupled to the interface assembly, whereby the indicator drive assembly moves between a first position and a second position corresponding to an interface assembly first and second position. The indicator drive assembly is measurably coupled to the user display assembly. The user display assembly is structured to convert the position data of the indicator drive assembly into a quantified output such as, but not limited to, contact characteristics. The user display assembly is further structured to display the indicator drive assembly position data on the output device. 1. A contact wear indicator assembly for a circuit breaker assembly , said circuit breaker assembly including a fixed , CBA first contact assembly , a movable , CBA second contact assembly , and an operating mechanism , said operating mechanism operatively coupled to said CBA second contact assembly , said CBA second contact assembly including an elongated stem and a contact member , said CBA second contact assembly moveable between a first position , wherein said CBA second contact assembly contact member is spaced from , and not in electrical communication with , said CBA first contact assembly , and a second position , wherein said CBA second contact assembly contact member is coupled to , and in electrical communication with , said CBA first contact assembly , wherein said CBA second contact assembly stem moves generally linearly between a first and second position corresponding to said CBA second contact assembly contact member first and second positions , said operating mechanism ...

Deterioration regeneration system and deterioration regeneration method

A deterioration regeneration system includes a pre-post regeneration determination part configured to determine whether or not to execute, with respect to an electric contact to which an electrical or mechanical first external action is applied during an operation of a later-stage device, a deterioration regeneration process of regenerating a connection performance that has been deteriorated due to an increase in a contact resistance of the electric contact, and a deterioration regeneration part configured to execute a process of removing a foreign object present at the electric contact by applying a second external action to the electric contact, as the deterioration regeneration process, according to the determined result from the pre-post regeneration determination part, the second external action being of the same kind as the first external action and larger than the first external action.

ACOUSTIC FILTER APPARATUS HAVING CONFIGURABLE PARALLEL RESONANCE FREQUENCIES

An acoustic filter apparatus is provided. In examples discussed herein, the acoustic filter apparatus includes an acoustic ladder network configured to pass a signal in a series resonance frequency and block the signal in a number of parallel resonance frequencies. The acoustic ladder network is coupled to a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch circuit that includes a number of MEMS switches. The MEMS switches may be selectively controlled (e.g., closed and/or opened) to cause a modification to a selected parallel resonance frequency(s) among the parallel resonance frequencies. As such, it may be possible to flexibly configure the parallel resonance frequencies of the acoustic ladder network based on application scenarios. Further, by employing the MEMS switches having improved figure-of-merit (FOM) over conventional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) switches, it may be possible to reconfigure the parallel resonance frequencies with reduced insertion loss, thus helping to improve performance of the acoustic filter apparatus. 1. An acoustic filter apparatus comprising: resonate in a series resonance frequency to pass a signal from an input node to an output node; and', 'block the signal from the output node in a plurality of parallel resonance frequencies different from the series resonance frequency; and, 'an acoustic ladder network configured toa microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch circuit coupled to the acoustic ladder network and configured to cause a modification to at least one selected parallel resonance frequency among the plurality of parallel resonance frequencies.2. The acoustic filter apparatus of further comprising a control circuit configured to control the MEMS switch circuit to cause the at least one selected parallel resonance frequency to be modified.3. The acoustic filter apparatus of wherein the acoustic ladder network comprises: resonate in the series resonance frequency to pass the signal to the output node; and', 'block the signal ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VERIFICATION OF CONTACT OPERATION

A system for verifying operation of a contact includes a voltage source connected to a first terminal of the contact through a first switch; a second switch connected to a second terminal of the contact; a third switch connected to the second terminal of the contact; a voltage output connected to the second switch and the third switch; and a controller to compare the voltage output to a first voltage and a second voltage; wherein the voltage output indicates operation of the contact in response to status of the first switch, the switch and the third switch. 1. A system for verifying operation of a contact , the system comprising:a voltage source connected to a first terminal of the contact through a first switch;a second switch connected to a second terminal of the contact;a third switch connected to the second terminal of the contact;a voltage output connected to the second switch and the third switch; anda controller to compare the voltage output to a first voltage and a second voltage;wherein the voltage output indicates operation of the contact in response to status of the first switch, the switch and the third switch.2. The system of wherein:when the second switch is off, the third switch is on and when the second switch is on, the third switch is off.3. The system of wherein:a fault condition is detected when the voltage output exceeds the first voltage.4. The system of wherein:a no change condition is detected when the first switch is off and the voltage output is below a low limit.5. The system of wherein:a fault condition is detected when the first switch is off and the voltage output is above a low limit.6. The system of wherein:the contact is determined to be off when first switch is on, the second switch is off and the output voltage is less than the second voltage.7. The system of wherein:the contact is determined to be on when first switch is on, the second switch is off and the output voltage equals the second voltage.8. The system of wherein:a fault ...

Contact material for mems devices

The present application discloses a method for forming electrical contacts on a semiconductor substrate. The method includes forming a first metal layer over the substrate, and forming a layer of a second metal oxide by sputter deposition of a second metal in an oxygen environment.

MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEM (MEMS) CAPACITIVE OHMIC SWITCH AND DESIGN STRUCTURES

A micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), methods of forming the MEMS and design structures are provided. The method includes forming a coplanar waveguide (CPW) comprising a signal electrode and a pair of electrodes on a substrate. The method includes forming a first sacrificial material over the CPW, and a wiring layer over the first sacrificial material and above the CPW. The method includes forming a second sacrificial material layer over the wiring layer, and forming insulator material about the first sacrificial material and the second sacrificial material. The method includes forming at least one vent hole in the insulator material to expose portions of the second sacrificial material, and removing the first and second sacrificial material through the vent hole to form a cavity structure about the wiring layer and which exposes the signal line and pair of electrodes below the wiring layer. The vent hole is sealed with sealing material. 1. A structure comprising:a coplanar waveguide (CPW) comprising a signal line and ground lines formed on a substrate; and in the “on” state an input signal on the signal line shorts to the ground lines; and', 'in the “off” state the input signal on the signal line passes though the moveable plate as an output signal., 'a moveable plate provided over the CPW and facing the CPW, wherein the moveable plate is structured to move towards a fixed plate in an “on” state and remain in an original position in an “off” state, and'}2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the moveable plate forms three capacitors with the fixed plate.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the fixed plate is an intermediate structure formed between the CPW and the moveable plate.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the CPW comprises the fixed plate for attracting the moveable plate.5. The structure of claim 1 , wherein:the signal line and ground lines are within a cavity;the moveable plate is in the cavity facing the signal line and the ground lines; andin the ...

MEMS DIE AND MEMS-BASED SENSOR

A micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) die includes a piston; an electrode facing the piston, wherein a capacitance between the piston and the electrode changes as the distance between the piston and the electrode changes; and a resilient structure (e.g., a gasket or a pleated wall) disposed between the piston and the electrode, wherein the resilient structure supports the piston and resists the movement of the piston with respect to the electrode. A back volume is bounded by the piston and the resilient structure and the resilient structure blocks air from leaving the back volume. The piston may be a rigid body made of a conductive material, such as metal or a doped semiconductor. The MEMS die may also include a second resilient structure, which provides further support to the piston and is disposed within the back volume. 1. A micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) die comprising:a piston;an electrode facing the piston, wherein a capacitance between the piston and the electrode changes as the distance between the piston and the electrode changes; anda resilient structure disposed between the piston and the electrode, wherein the resilient structure supports the piston, the resilient structure resists the movement of the piston with respect to the electrode, wherein a back volume is bounded by the piston and the resilient structure, and the resilient structure prevents air from leaving the back volume.2. The MEMS die of claim 1 , wherein the back volume is enclosed by the piston claim 1 , the resilient member claim 1 , and the electrode.3. The MEMS die of claim 1 , wherein the piston is a rigid body made of a conductive material.4. The MEMS die of claim 3 , wherein the conductive material is a metal.5. The MEMS die of claim 3 , wherein the conductive material is a doped semiconductor.6. The MEMS die of claim 1 , further comprising a second resilient structure disposed within the back volume claim 1 , wherein the second resilient structure supports the piston.7. ...

SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES PROVIDED WITHIN A CAVITY AND RELATED DESIGN STRUCTURES

Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) structures, methods of manufacture and design structures are disclosed. The method includes forming at least one Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) cavity. The method for forming the cavity further includes forming at least one first vent hole of a first dimension which is sized to avoid or minimize material deposition on a beam structure during sealing processes. The method for forming the cavity further includes forming at least one second vent hole of a second dimension, larger than the first dimension. 1. A structure , comprising:at least one vent hole positioned over a free end of a beam structure, the at least one vent hole having a first size; andat least another vent hole positioned over a fixed end of the beam structure, the at least another vent hole having a second size, larger than the first size,wherein the at least one vent hole is sealed with a first material and the at least another vent hole is sealed with the first material and a second material, andthe second material is deposited on the fixed end of the beam structure and the free end of the beam structure is devoid of the first material.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the first material is PECVD silicon dioxide and the second material is SACVD silicon dioxide.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the first size is 1 micron in diameter and the second size is 1.5 micron in diameter.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the free end is a moving end of the beam structure.5. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the beam structure comprises:a lower electrode;an insulator material over the lower electrode;an upper electrode over the insulator material; andanother insulator material on the upper electrode.6. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the upper electrode over the insulator material has a thickness which balances an overall volume of the beam structure.7. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the lower electrode and the upper electrode comprises ...

COMPOSITE SPRING STRUCTURE TO REINFORCE MECHANICAL ROBUSTNESS OF A MEMS DEVICE

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structure including a composite spring. A first substrate underlies a second substrate. A third substrate overlies the second substrate. The first, second, and third substrates at least partially define a cavity. The second substrate comprises a moveable mass in the cavity and between the first and third substrates. The composite spring extends from a peripheral region of the second substrate to the moveable mass. The composite spring is configured to suspend the moveable mass in the cavity. The composite spring includes a first spring layer comprising a first crystal orientation, and a second spring layer comprising a second crystal orientation different than the first crystal orientation. 1. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structure comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate overlying the first substrate;a third substrate overlying the second substrate, wherein the first, second, and third substrates at least partially define a cavity, and wherein the second substrate comprises a moveable mass in the cavity and between the first and third substrates; anda composite spring extending from a peripheral region of the second substrate to the moveable mass, wherein the composite spring is configured to suspend the moveable mass in the cavity, and wherein the composite spring includes a first spring layer comprising a first crystal orientation and a second spring layer comprising a second crystal orientation different than the first crystal orientation.2. The MEMS structure of claim 1 , wherein the first spring layer is a segment of the second substrate such that the second substrate and the moveable mass comprise the first crystal orientation claim 1 , respectively.3. The MEMS structure of claim 1 , wherein the first crystal orientation of the first spring layer is a single-crystal orientation extending continuously across the first spring layer claim ...

SWITCHING DEVICE

An acceleration responsive switching device formed as a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) device in which components are deposited and etched on and or above a substrate. The device has a proof mass module. The proof mass module includes: at least one proof mass made of metal; at least three resilient suspending members made of metal, for suspending the proof mass; a lingule made of metal, connected to the proof mass; at least two contact pads to which at least one of the three resilient suspending members is permanently attached thereby allowing current to flow from the at least two pads to the proof mass module; and at least one additional contact pad, which is set against the lingule.

Integrated Electrical-Switching Mechanical Device Having a Blocked State

An integrated circuit, comprising an electrical-switching mechanical device in a housing having at least one first thermally deformable assembly including a beam held in at least two different locations by at least two arms secured to edges of the housing, the beam and the arms being metallic and situated within the same first metallization level and an electrically conductive body, wherein the said first thermally deformable assembly has at least one first configuration at a first temperature and a second configuration when at least one is at a second temperature different from the first temperature, wherein the beam is at a distance from the body in the first configuration and in contact with the said body and immobilized by the said body in the second configuration and establishing or prohibiting an electrical link passing through the body and through the beam.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSING WEAR OF AN ELECTRICAL SWITCHING UNIT, AND ELECTRICAL UNIT COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE

A method for diagnosing the state of wear of an electrical switching unit including an electrical unit monitoring phase. The monitoring phase uses learning data loaded previously and representative of the type of electrical unit, and initialization data corresponding to the unit to be monitored and stored in an initialization phase. The monitoring phase includes the measurement and the acquisition of a measurement curve on opening the electrical unit, the determination of the value of local descriptors of the measurement curve as a function of values of the measurement curve, of initialization data and of learning data, the determination of the positioning of local descriptor values, the determination of an overall state class as a function of the positioning values. The device and the electrical unit implement the method. 1. A method for diagnosing the state of wear of an electrical switching unit comprising a monitoring phase of monitoring of said electrical unit , said monitoring phase uses:', 'learning data loaded previously and corresponding to a type of product representative of said electrical unit, and', 'initialization data corresponding to said unit to be monitored and stored in an initialization phase, and', 'said monitoring phase comprises:', 'measuring and acquiring a measurement curve on opening of said electrical unit,', 'determining values of local descriptors of said measurement curve as a function of values of said measurement curve, of saved initialization data, and of first learning data loaded,', 'determination of determining the positioning of values of local descriptors of the measurement curve relative to second learning data,', 'determining an overall status class as a function of said values of positionings of the values of local descriptors and of the measurement curve relative to said second learning data., 'wherein2. The diagnostic method according to claim 1 , wherein the determining of an overall status class comprises:at least three ...

Universal contact input supporting programmable wetting current

A system and method according to various embodiments can include a universal contact input status detection circuit. A voltage source wets a contact with a wetting voltage. A current mirror circuit is connected across an input of the contact to provide a constant wetting current over a wide input voltage range. The input voltage can be varied over a range wide enough to include both AC voltages and DC voltages. The current mirror circuit maintains the constant wetting current during varying wetting voltage inputs across the input of the contact. A wetting voltage sensor senses the wetting voltage provided to the contact so that the status of the contact can be determined.

PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICES WITH OBLIQUELY ALIGNED ELECTRODES

Single bulk unimorph piezoelectric elements, with interdigitated electrodes aligned obliquely relative to the direction perpendicular to the axis of the element, such that a torsional response is induced into the element. When such elements are used as a beam structure, with angularly oriented electrodes on both opposite surfaces of the beam, and with their orientations at mutually opposite angles, motion ranging from pure torsional rotation to pure bending can be obtained, depending on the comparative level and polarity of the voltages applied to each of the two electrode sets. If such elements are used as the spiral support arms of a central platform, a large displacement of the stage can be achieved. Due to the oblique orientation of the IDE's, the piezoelectric transduction induces torsional deformation in the spirals, and this torsion is converted by the spiral arms to a parallel out-of-plane platform motion. 1. A planar device for generating motion , comprising:at least one piezoelectric element having an interdigitated electrode structure having interleaved fingers formed on each of its two opposite surfaces, each of said interdigitated electrode structures having its interleaved fingers aligned obliquely to the perpendicular to the axis along the length of said element,wherein said interleaved fingers of the interdigitated electrodes on said two opposite surfaces are oriented at mutually opposite angles relative to the axis along the length of said element.2. The planar device according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one piezoelectric element is a beam claim 1 , and said axis is the longitudinal axis along the length of the beam.3. The planar device according to claim 2 , wherein application of driving voltages to said interdigitated electrodes on said two opposite surfaces generates beam motion ranging from a substantially pure torsional motion to a substantially pure bending motion claim 2 , depending on the level and direction of voltages applied to ...

SENSOR STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS WITH IMPROVED INTEGRATION AND OPTIMIZED FOOTPRINT

Embodiments relate to sensors and more particularly to structures for and methods of forming sensors that are easier to manufacture as integrated components and provide improved deflection of a sensor membrane, lamella or other movable element. In embodiments, a sensor comprises a support structure for a lamella, membrane or other movable element. The support structure comprises a plurality of support elements that hold or carry the movable element. The support elements can comprise individual cylindrical points or feet-like elements with straight or concave sidewalls, rather than a conventional interconnected frame, that enable improved motion of the movable element, easier removal of a sacrificial layer between the movable element and substrate during manufacture and a more favorable deflection ratio, among other benefits. 1. A sensor device comprising:a substrate;a plurality of support elements spaced apart from each other and arranged on the substrate, each of the plurality of support elements being cylindrically shaped; anda moveable element supported on and spaced apart from the substrate by the plurality of support elements, wherein the moveable element, the substrate and the plurality of support elements define a cavity into which the moveable element can deflect in response to a physical quantity to be sensed by the sensor device.2. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the moveable element comprises a membrane or a lamella.3. The sensor device of claim 2 , wherein the moveable element comprises silicon or polycrystalline silicon.4. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the sensor device comprises a pressure sensor device claim 1 , and wherein the physical quantity to be sensed is pressure.5. The sensor device of claim 4 , wherein the pressure is sensed by sensing a capacitance between the moveable element and the substrate.6. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of support elements comprise punctiform structures.7. The sensor device of ...

CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS WITH NON-CONTACT SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR EVALUATING EROSION OF ELECTRICAL CONTACTS AND RELATED METHODS

Circuit interrupters with opto-electronic and/or acoustic systems that can measure displacement over time, optionally along with interrupt current measurements, during an opening and closing event with signal data collected when triggered by a “breaker open” or “breaker close” event. 1. A circuit interrupter , comprising:a housing comprising a base;a fixed main contact in the housing;a movable main contact in the housing in cooperating alignment with the fixed main contact;an elongate stem coupled to the movable main contact and extending away from the fixed main contact;a drive assembly coupled to the elongate stem and configured to move the movable main contact between open and closed positions relative to the fixed main contact; anda non-contact sensor comprising an emitter source and a cooperating receiver sensor in the housing configured to acquire a light and/or acoustic signal that provides displacement data to thereby allow for evaluation of erosion status of the fixed and movable main contacts.2. The circuit interrupter of claim 1 , wherein the non-contact sensor is an optical sensor claim 1 , wherein the emitter source is a light source claim 1 , and wherein the circuit breaker comprises at least one internal reflector in optical communication with the emitter source and coupled to the elongate stem.3. The circuit interrupter of claim 1 , wherein the non-contact sensor is an acoustic sensor claim 1 , wherein the emitter source is an ultrasound source.4. The circuit interrupter of claim 1 , further comprising an attachment member coupled to a lower end portion of the moving stem claim 1 , wherein the attachment member moves in concert with the moving stem claim 1 , wherein the circuit interrupter comprises a vacuum chamber enclosing the fixed and movable main contacts claim 1 , and wherein the elongate stem resides outside the vacuum chamber.5. The circuit interrupter of claim 4 , wherein the attachment member comprises a reflector surface that faces the ...

MEMS DEVICE, PRESSURE SENSOR, ALTIMETER, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, AND MOVING OBJECT

A MEMS device includes: a substrate; a sensor element (functional element) that is disposed above the substrate; a surrounding wall that is disposed above one surface side of the substrate and surrounds the sensor element in a plan view; a covering layer that overlaps the substrate in the plan view and is connected to the surrounding wall; and a reinforcing layer that is arranged between the covering layer and the sensor element. The surrounding wall includes a substrate-side surrounding wall, and a covering layer-side surrounding wall that is located on the covering layer side of the substrate-side surrounding wall and at least a portion of which is disposed above the inside of the substrate-side surrounding wall in the plan view. 1. A MEMS device comprising:a substrate;a functional element that is disposed above the substrate;a surrounding wall that is disposed above one surface side of the substrate and surrounds the functional element in a plan view;a covering layer that overlaps the substrate in the plan view and is connected to the surrounding wall; anda reinforcing layer that is arranged between the covering layer and the functional element, wherein a substrate-side surrounding wall, and', 'a covering layer-side surrounding wall that is located on the covering layer side of the substrate-side surrounding wall and at least a portion of which is disposed above the inside of the substrate-side surrounding wall in the plan view., 'the surrounding wall includes'}2. The MEMS device according to claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing layer includes a through-hole that penetrates the reinforcing layer in a thickness direction thereof.3. The MEMS device according to claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing layer is connected to the covering layer.4. The MEMS device according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes a diaphragm portion that is deflected and deformed under pressure and at least a portion of which overlaps the covering layer in the plan view.5. The MEMS device ...

Mechanical Wear, Wipe and Stroke Measurement System for Circuit Breakers

A contact wear indicator assembly for a circuit breaker assembly is provided. The contact wear indicator assembly includes an interface assembly, an indicator drive assembly, and a user display assembly. The user display assembly includes an output device. The output device is structured to produce a visual indication representative of a measurable contact characteristic. The indicator drive assembly is operatively coupled to the interface assembly, whereby the indicator drive assembly moves between a first position and a second position corresponding to an interface assembly first and second position. The indicator drive assembly is measurably coupled to the user display assembly. The user display assembly is structured to convert the position data of the indicator drive assembly into a quantified output such as, but not limited to, contact characteristics. The user display assembly is further structured to display the indicator drive assembly position data on the output device. 1. An indicator assembly for a circuit breaker assembly , said circuit breaker assembly including a stationary , CBA first contact assembly , a movable , CBA second contact assembly , and an operating mechanism , said operating mechanism operatively coupled to said CBA second contact assembly , said CBA second contact assembly including an elongated stem and a contact member , said CBA second contact assembly moveable between a first position , wherein said CBA second contact assembly contact member is spaced from , and not in electrical communication with , said CBA first contact assembly , and a second position , wherein said CBA second contact assembly contact member is coupled to , and in electrical communication with , said CBA first contact assembly , wherein said CBA second contact assembly stem moves generally linearly between a first and second position corresponding to said CBA second contact assembly contact member first and second positions , said operating mechanism including a ...

SWITCH

A switch includes a switch housing having a receiving space, a conductive fixed contact element and a conductive active contact element which are provided in the receiving space and being electrically connected to two terminals of the switch respectively, an actuating member reciprocating movable in a predetermined actuating direction between a rest position and an actuated position, and a conductive spring contact element movable with the actuating element. The spring contact element is in constant contact with the fixed contact element and switched between a state of being in contact with a conductive contact surface of the active contact element and a state of being disconnecting with the conductive contact surface of the active contact element. The actuating element is moved back from the actuated position to the rest position due to spring force of the spring contact element. 1. A switch comprising:a switch housing having a receiving space;a conductive fixed contact element and a conductive active contact element which are provided in the receiving space and being electrically connected to two terminals of the switch respectively;an actuating member reciprocating movable in a predetermined actuating direction between a rest position and an actuated position; anda conductive spring contact element movable with the actuating element, the spring contact element being in constant contact with the fixed contact element and switched between a state of being in contact with a conductive contact surface of the active contact element and a state of being disconnecting with the conductive contact surface of the active contact element, wherein the actuating element is moved back from the actuated position to the rest position due to spring force of the spring contact element.2. The switch according to claim 1 , wherein the spring contact member includes a middle spring part and two limb ends extending from both sides of the middle spring part claim 1 , one of the limb ...

System and Method for Diagnosing Contactor Lifetime by Using Contactor Coil Current

A system and a method for diagnosing a contactor life using contactor coil current, whereby, after a current value of a current contactor coil is determined based on a resistance value and a voltage value according to a real-time temperature of a contactor coil, whether contactor lifetime has expired and an abnormal operation thus occurs can be previously diagnosed and predicted on the basis of whether an average current value when a corresponding contactor operates a preset number of times or more exceeds a threshold value. 1. A system for diagnosing a contactor life using contactor coil current , the system comprising:a voltage measurement unit for measuring a voltage of a contactor coil for a contactor;a current measurement unit for measuring a current of the contactor coil;a temperature measurement unit for measuring a temperature of the contactor coil;a confirmation unit for confirming a real-time resistance value, a real-time voltage value, and a real-time current value for the contactor coil based on a temperature measurement value measured through the temperature measurement unit;a storage unit for storing an average value of a current measured when the contactor operates to correspond to a predetermined number of times; anda determination unit for determining whether a life of the contactor is deteriorated based on whether the average value stored in the storage unit exceeds a predetermined threshold current value.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the current measurement unit measures the current of the contactor coil when the contactor operates from an on state to an off state.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the confirmation unit confirms the real-time resistance value and the real-time voltage value according to the measured temperature measurement value based on a resistance value table which a resistance value of the contactor coil for each temperature value is matched with and is prestored in.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the confirmation unit ...

Wet/Dry Contact Sequencer

Device, circuit, system, and method for contact sequencing are discussed. An electrical circuit includes a first pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a first set of switchable contacts, and a second pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a second set of switchable contacts that are coupled to an arc suppression circuit. A controller circuit is coupled to the first and second pairs of terminals and is configured to sequence activation or deactivation of the first and second sets of contacts based on a contact control signal. A first power switching circuit is coupled to the first pair of terminals and the controller circuit. The first power switching circuit is configured to switch power from an external power source and to trigger the activation or the deactivation of the first set of switchable contacts based on a first logic state signal from the controller circuit. 1. An electrical circuit , comprising:a first pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a first set of switchable contacts;a second pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a second set of switchable contacts, the second set of switchable contacts coupled to an arc suppression circuit; during the activation, the first set of switchable contacts is activated prior to activation of the second set of switchable contacts, and', 'during the deactivation, the second set of switchable contacts is deactivated prior to deactivation of the first set of switchable contacts; and, 'a controller circuit operatively coupled to the first and second pair of terminals, the controller circuit configured to sequence activation or deactivation of the first set of switchable contacts and the second set of switchable contacts based on a contact control signal, wherein'}a first power switching circuit operatively coupled to the first pair of terminals and the controller circuit, the first power switching circuit configured to switch power from an external power source and to trigger the ...

Power Contact Health Assessor Apparatus and Method

A power contact health assessor system includes a pair of terminals adapted to be connected to a set of switchable contact electrodes of a power contact and a contact separation detector configured to determine a time of separation of the set of switchable contact electrodes during deactivation of the power contact. The system includes a controller circuit operatively coupled to the pair of terminals and the contact separation detector. The controller circuit is configured to determine within a first observation window, a plurality of contact stick durations and an average contact stick duration. One or more additional observation windows with corresponding average contact stick durations are configured. A health assessment for the set of switchable contact electrodes may be based on a subsequent contact stick duration for a contact cycle after the first observation window and the corresponding average contact stick durations for the one or more additional observation windows. 1. An electrical circuit , comprising:a pair of terminals adapted to be connected to a set of switchable contact electrodes of a power contact;a power switching circuit operatively coupled to the pair of terminals, the power switching circuit configured to switch power from an external power source and to trigger activation of the set of switchable contact electrodes based on a first logic state signal or deactivation of the set of switchable contact electrodes based on a second logic state signal;a contact separation detector operatively coupled to the pair of terminals, the contact separation detector configured to determine a time of separation of the set of switchable contact electrodes of the power contact during the deactivation; and [ generate the second logic state signal to trigger the deactivation of the set of switchable contact electrodes; and', 'determine a contact stick duration associated with the set of switchable contact electrodes, the contact stick duration based on a ...

High speed arc suppressor

A high speed arc suppressor and method include a first phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across contacts of the power contactor in a positive domain and a second phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across the contacts in a negative domain. First and second high speed switches are configured to enable and disable operation of an associated one of the first and second phase-specific arc suppressors. First and second drivers are configured to drive the first and second high speed switches. 1. A high speed arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across a power contactor coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source , the high speed arc suppressor comprising: a first high speed switch configured to enable or disable operation of the first phase-specific arc suppressor; and', 'a first driver, coupled to the first high speed switch, configured to cause the first high speed switch to enable operation of the first phase-specific arc suppressor when an input signal from the contacts is in the positive domain and disable operation of the first phase-specific arc suppressor when the input signal from the contacts is in a negative domain; and, 'a first phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across contacts of the power contactor in a positive domain, comprising a second high speed switch configured to enable or disable operation of the second phase-specific arc suppressor; and', 'a second driver, coupled to the second high speed switch, configured to cause the second high speed switch to enable operation of the first phase-specific arc suppressor when an input signal from the contacts is in the negative domain and disable operation of the first phase-specific arc suppressor when the input signal from the contacts is in the positive domain., 'a second phase-specific arc suppressor configured to suppress arcing across the contacts in a negative domain, comprising2. The high speed arc suppressor of ...

SEMICONDUCTOR PRESSURE SENSOR AND METHOD OF FABRICATING SAME

In a semiconductor pressure sensor, a fixed electrode is formed as the same layer as a diffusion layer formed to extend from a surface of a semiconductor substrate to inside of the semiconductor substrate. A void is formed by removing a sacrifice film, which is a region constituted of the same film as a floating gate electrode. A movable electrode includes an anchor portion which supports the movable electrode via the void relative to the fixed electrode and in which the sacrifice film is at least partially opened. The anchor portion has a first anchor provided to divide the movable electrode into a plurality of movable electrode units when viewed in a plan view such that one pair of adjacent movable electrode units of the plurality of movable electrode units divided share the same first anchor. 1. A semiconductor pressure sensor comprising:first region and second region each defined in a surface of a semiconductor substrate;a pressure sensor formed in said first region and including a fixed electrode, a void, and a movable electrode, said void being provided above said fixed electrode, said movable electrode being provided above said void;a transistor formed in said second region and including a floating gate electrode;an interlayer insulation film formed to cover said pressure sensor and said transistor;a hole formed in said interlayer insulation film and communicating with said void;a sealing portion sealing said void; andan opening formed in said interlayer insulation film to expose said movable electrode,said fixed electrode being formed as the same layer as a diffusion layer formed to extend from the surface of said semiconductor substrate to inside of said semiconductor substrate,said void being formed by removing a sacrifice film, which is a region constituted of the same film as said floating gate electrode,said movable electrode including an anchor portion which supports said movable electrode via said void relative to said fixed electrode and in which ...

Microwave switching device with the state of the connections of the inputs and outputs being read by telemetry

A microwave switching device comprises: a switching matrix with M inputs and N outputs comprising at least one surface-mount microwave switch with ohmic contacts with at least one input and at least one output position; a control bus for the one or more microwave switches of the switching matrix; a telemetry bus for the M inputs; a telemetry bus for the N outputs; a bias tee positioned on each input of the switching matrix; and a bias tee positioned on each output of the switching matrix.

Method for monitoring an electromechanical component of an automated system

The present disclosure relates to a method for monitoring an electromechanical component of an automation system. The method includes sensing a current mechanical state variable of the electromechanical component, sensing a current electrical state variable of the electromechanical component and determining a state of the electromechanical component based at least in part on a behaviour model of the electromechanical component, wherein the behaviour model takes into account an effect of the sensed current mechanical state variable on the sensed current electrical state variable.

SWITCHING APPARATUS AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

[Object] To be capable of promptly performing a switching operation of a switch. 1. A switching apparatus , comprising:a movable electrode that includes a first movable electrode piece, a second movable electrode piece, and a movable contact point;a first fixed electrode that includes first and second fixed electrode pieces, the first and second fixed electrode pieces facing each other with the first movable electrode piece disposed between the first and second fixed electrode pieces, the first fixed electrode piece facing the first movable electrode piece with a gap narrower than a gap between the second fixed electrode piece and the first movable electrode piece;a second fixed electrode that includes third and fourth fixed electrode pieces, the third and fourth fixed electrode pieces facing each other with the second movable electrode piece disposed between the third and fourth fixed electrode pieces, the third fixed electrode piece facing the second movable electrode piece with a gap narrower than a gap between the fourth fixed electrode piece and the second movable electrode piece;a first fixed contact point that is capable of being in contact with the movable contact point, the movable contact point moving in a first direction by an electrostatic attractive force between the movable electrode and the first fixed electrode;a second fixed contact point that is capable of being in contact with the movable contact point, the movable contact point moving in a second direction opposite to the first direction by an electrostatic attractive force between the movable electrode and the second fixed electrode; andan elastic support portion that elastically supports the movable electrode, the movable electrode being capable of moving in the first and second directions.2. The switching apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe second movable electrode piece faces the third fixed electrode piece with a first distance, and faces the fourth fixed electrode piece with a ...

Full Symmetric Multi-Throw Switch Using Conformal Pinched Through Via

A hermetically sealed component may comprise a glass substrate, a device with at least one electrical port associated with the glass substrate, and a glass cap. The glass cap may have at least one side wall. The glass cap may have a shaped void extending therethrough, from top surface of the glass cap to bottom surface of glass pillar. An electrically conductive plug may be disposed within the void, the plug configured to hermetically seal the void. The electrically conductive plug may be electrically coupled to the electrical port. The glass cap may be disposed on the glass substrate, with the at least one side wall disposed therebetween, to form a cavity encompassing the device. The side wall may contact the glass substrate and the glass cap to provide a hermetic seal, such that a first environment within the cavity is isolated from a second environment external to the cavity. 1. A hermetically sealed component , comprising:a glass substrate;a device associated with the glass substrate, the device having at least one electrical port;a glass cap;at least one side wall;a void extending through the glass cap and a glass pillar from a top surface of the glass cap to a bottom surface of the glass pillar; andan electrically conductive plug disposed within the void, the electrically conductive plug configured to be electrically coupled to the at least one electrical port and to hermetically seal the void;the glass cap and the glass substrate arranged with the at least one side wall disposed therebetween, to form a cavity encompassing the device, the at least one side wall contacting the glass substrate and the glass cap to provide a hermetic seal, such that a first environment within the cavity is isolated from a second environment external to the cavity, and the electrically conductive plug contacting the electrical port.2. The hermetically sealed component of claim 1 , wherein the device is one of (i) a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based device claim 1 , and ( ...

SWITCHGEAR WITH AN OPTICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

A switchgear includes an optical monitoring system for examining switchgear switching positions. At least one isolating switch is accommodated in an encapsulated housing. The encapsulated housing is disposed in an installation housing. The encapsulated housing has a first transparent window in one region. A fiber-optic system leads from an outer side of the installation housing to the first transparent window. 1. A switchgear , comprising:an optical monitoring system for examining switchgear switching positions;an installation housing having an outer side;an encapsulated housing disposed in said installation housing, said encapsulated housing having a region with a first transparent window;at least one isolating switch accommodated in said encapsulated housing;an observation system disposed at said installation housing;a fiber-optic system leading from said outer side of said installation housing to said first transparent window;said fiber-optic system including at least one first fiber bundle having a first end and a second end, said at least one first fiber bundle configured to capture an optical picture of said at least one isolating switch through said first transparent window and transmit the optical picture to said observation system disposed at said first end;said fiber-optic system including at least one second fiber bundle having a third end and a fourth end; anda light source emitting light to be guided from said third end to said fourth end in a region of said first transparent window and to be guided through said first transparent window.2. The switchgear according to claim 1 , wherein said observation system protrudes out of said installation housing through an opening or is visible from outside said installation housing through a further transparent window.3. The switchgear according to claim 1 , wherein said fiber-optic system includes claim 1 , in said region having said first transparent window:imaging optics, orimaging optics with a wide-angle ...

IMPROVED CONTACT IN RF-SWITCH

The present invention generally relates to a mechanism for making a MEMS switch that has a robust RF-contact by avoiding currents to run through a thin sidewall in a via from the RF-contact to the underlying RF-electrode. 1. A MEMS device , comprising:a substrate having a plurality of electrodes formed therein, wherein the plurality of electrodes includes at least an anchor electrode, a pull-down electrode and an RF electrode;an insulating layer disposed over the substrate and the plurality of electrodes, wherein the insulating layer has a first opening formed therethrough to expose the anchor electrode and a second opening formed therethrough to expose the RF electrode;a contact layer, wherein the contact layer includes a first portion disposed within the first opening and in contact with the anchor electrode, a second portion disposed within the second opening and in contact with the RF electrode and wherein the contact layer is electrically conductive; anda switching element disposed over the dielectric layer, wherein the switching element includes an anchor portion in contact with the first portion of the contact layer, a leg portion and a bridge portion and wherein the bridge portion is movable from a first position spaced from the second portion of the contact layer and a second position in contact with the second portion of the contact layer.2. The MEMS device of claim 1 , wherein both the contact layer and the anchor electrode comprise electrically conductive material and wherein the contact layer and the anchor electrode comprise different materials.3. The MEMS device of claim 1 , wherein the anchor electrode has a first width and the first portion of the contact layer has a second width and wherein the first width is greater than the second width.4. The MEMS device of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the contact layer is spaced from the insulating layer.5. The MEMS device of claim 1 , wherein the RF electrode has a first height at a location adjacent ...

Circuit Interrupter and Method of Determining Contact Wear Based Upon Temperature

A circuit interrupter includes a temperature detection system that is configured to detect a measured temperature of at least one of a line conductor, a load conductor, a movable contact, and a stationary contact during operation of the circuit interrupter. The measured temperature is representative of an extent of wear of the set of separable contacts. In one embodiment the temperature detection system includes a temperature sensor that is an infrared sensor. In another embodiment, the temperature detection system includes a temperature sensor that is in physical contact with an electrically conductive structure within the circuit interrupter and therefore additionally employs a voltage filter that filters a line voltage from the signal from the temperature sensor. In another embodiment, the temperature detection system employs a temperature sensor that is in physical contact with an electrically conductive structure, but a wireless transceiver is used to wirelessly communicate the measured temperature

ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS AND POLE SHAFT ASSEMBLY THEREFOR

A pole shaft assembly is for an electrical switching apparatus. The electrical switching apparatus includes a housing, separable contacts enclosed by the housing, and an operating mechanism structured to open and close the separable contacts. The pole shaft assembly includes a shaft structured to cooperate with the operating mechanism and to be pivotably coupled to the housing. A number of throw assemblies are disposed on the shaft, and are secured with respect to the shaft with fasteners. The shaft includes first and second opposing ends and an elongated body portion extending therebetween. The elongated body portion of the shaft has a cross-sectional shape comprising a number of orienting features.

POSITION DETECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

A system for detecting a position of a dual solenoid device includes device configured to move between first and second positions, and a controller. The controller has first and second monitoring circuits in operable communication with first and second channels, respectively. The first and second channels are in operable communication with first and second solenoids, respectively. Each solenoid is configured to selectively operate as an active solenoid to move the device when the solenoid and its respective channel are in an active mode, and as a passive solenoid when the solenoid and its respective channel are in a passive mode to passively move with the active solenoid. Each of the monitoring circuits is configured to determine a position of the device when the channel the monitoring circuit is associated with is operating in the passive mode by monitoring an electrical parameter of the passive solenoid associated with that channel. 1. A system for detecting a position of a dual solenoid device , comprising:a device configured to move between at least a first position and a second position; anda controller having a first monitoring circuit in operable communication with a first channel, wherein the first channel is in operable communication with a first solenoid, and wherein the controller includes a second monitoring circuit in operable communication with a second channel, wherein the second channel is in operable communication with a second solenoid, wherein each solenoid is configured to selectively operate as an active solenoid to move the device when the solenoid and the channel it is in operable communication with are in an active mode, wherein each solenoid is configured to selectively operate as a passive solenoid when the solenoid and the channel it is in operable communication with are in a passive mode to passively move with the active solenoid, each of the monitoring circuits being configured to determine a position of the device when the channel the ...

Method and apparatus for controlling switching devices in electrical switchgear

The method involves detecting contact current during switching with a current converter and evaluating for contact wear. A state parameter characteristic of contact wear is determined by measuring the current converter measurement signal (I mess) as a function of time (t), detecting a measurement error (delta) if it deviates from the anticipated contact current (I f) and if so deriving a characteristic current value (I char) from the measurement signal and using it to determine the state parameter. Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) a computer program for determining switching device contact wear in electrical switching systems (b) an arrangement for implementing the inventive method (c) and an electrical switching system with an inventive arrangement.

Contact wear detection method for electronic trip circuit of circuit breakers, involves integrating sensed signals obtained based on current flow in contacts after contact separation

The separation of a pair of contacts, in an electronic trip unit is detected. Current through the contacts is sensed and a current signal is output. The detected current signals after separation of the contacts are integrated to obtain wear value. An independent claim is also included for breaker assembly.

Electrostatic bimorph actuator

An electrostatic bimorph actuator includes a cantilevered flexible bimorph arm that is secured and insulated at one end to a planar substrate. In an electrostatically activated state the bimorph arm is generally parallel to the planar substrate. In a relaxed state, residual stress in the bimorph arm causes its free end to extend out-of-plane from the planar substrate. The actuator includes a substrate electrode that is secured to and insulated from the substrate and positioned under and in alignment with the bimorph arm. An electrical potential difference applied between the bimorph arm and the substrate electrode imparts electrostatic attraction between the bimorph arm and the substrate electrode to activate the actuator. As an exemplary application in which such actuators could be used, a microelectrical mechanical optical display system is described.

半導體裝置及其製造方法

Microelectromechanical system with spring for magnet placement

Apparatuses, systems, and methods associated with placement of magnets within a microelectromechanical system device are disclosed herein. In embodiments, a method of affixing at least one magnet in a microelectromechanical system, may include affixing an electromagnetic actuator to a base structure of the microelectromechanical system, the affixing including affixing the electromagnetic actuator within a recess formed in the base structure. The method may further include placing a magnet within the recess, wherein the recess includes at least a portion of a spring, the spring affixed to the base structure and extending into the recess, the placing including placing the magnet on a side of the electromagnetic actuator, between the spring and the side of the electromagnetic actuator, the spring pressing the magnet against the side of the electromagnetic actuator and maintaining a position of the magnet in response to the placing the magnet within the recess.

Breaking Device for a Medium Voltage Electrical Circuit

A device for switching a medium-voltage electrical circuit, including: a vacuum interrupter including a mobile electrode, an actuating lever linked to the mobile electrode and mobile between an opening position and a closing position, an insulator linked to the actuating lever, a control fitting secured to the mobile electrode, and an elastic return means, exerting a return force between the control fitting and the insulator, wherein a travel of displacement of the actuating lever is greater than the opening distance such that the control fitting is distanced from the insulator when the actuating lever is in the closing position. The switching device including an indicator stem secured to the control fitting, which is configured to extend at least partly out of the insulator when the actuating lever is in the closing position.

Micro-miniature switch apparatus

A micro-miniature switch apparatus ( 10 ) includes a substrate ( 12 ) having a surface ( 14 ) with first and second channels ( 16, 18 ) extending from the surface ( 14 ) into the substrate ( 12 ). The first and second channels ( 16, 18 ) are spaced apart from each other, with a channel axis ( 20 ) extending longitudinally through the first and second channels ( 16, 18 ). A body ( 68 ) that is movable relative to the substrate ( 12 ) includes two arms ( 70, 72 ). Each of the arms ( 70, 72 ) extends into one of the first and second channels ( 16, 18 ) to support the body ( 68 ) for movement relative to the substrate ( 12 ) between first and second electrical conditions of the switch apparatus ( 10 ).

Method of applying electroconductive solid lubricant wear-resistant coating on kinematic contact pairs from copper alloys

FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of applying a composite electroconductive solid lubricant wear-resistant coating on kinematic contact pairs from copper alloys and can be used in aircraft industry, machine building and other fields. Method comprises pulsed magnetron sputtering of cathode from copper grade M1 with annular concentric grooves, in which molybdenum disulfide powder is pressed for ion-plasma deposition of layer of Cu-Mo-S system, containing molybdenum disulfide, doped with copper, and having a fibrous-globular structure consisting of a mixture of nanograins of the Chevrel phase Cu 2 Mo 6 S 8 and nanocuboids of pure copper. In another version of the invention, a copper layer is applied after ion-plasma deposition of the said layer of the Cu-Mo-S system by pulse magnetron sputtering. Then said layers are applied by alternation until reaching three layers of Cu-Mo-S system with thickness of not less than 60 mcm with intermediate layers of copper with thickness of not more than 1 mcm to obtain a composite coating with a total thickness of not less than 180 mcm. EFFECT: obtaining electroconductive solid lubricant wear-resistant coating on kinematic contact pairs from copper alloys, operating under vacuum conditions, and increasing their service life by at least 200 times. 5 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 767 922 C1 (51) МПК C23C 14/35 (2006.01) C23C 14/06 (2006.01) H01H 1/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C23C 14/35 (2022.01); C23C 14/06 (2022.01); H01H 1/00 (2022.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2021123659, 10.08.2021 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 22.03.2022 (45) Опубликовано: 22.03.2022 Бюл. № 9 2 7 6 7 9 2 2 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2477339 C2, 10.03.2013. RU 2407820 C1, 27.12.2010. RU 2409703 C1, 20.01.2011. RU 2732367 C1, 16.09.2020. US ...

Manufacture method of Ti-based MEMS mechanical relay

本发明公开了一种基于金属钛的MEMS机械继电器的制备方法，属于微电子机械系统(MEMS)微加工技术领域。该方法包括：对钛基底光刻图形化，刻蚀形成浅槽；选择热膨胀系数与金属钛匹配的玻璃，在玻璃的表面制备金属连线；将钛基底和玻璃基底进行阳极键合；对钛基底进行背面减薄，光刻图形化，并进行深刻蚀，穿通钛基底，形成MEMS机械继电器。本发明通过阳极键合、化学机械抛光和深刻蚀等工艺，在玻璃衬底上实现低成本、高精度、高深宽比的金属钛三维可动结构的加工，从而实现了基于金属钛的MEMS机械继电器。

Micromirror actuator

마이크로미러 액튜에이터에 관해 개시한다. 개시된 액튜에이터는: 기판과; 상기 기판 상면에 소정간격을 두고 형성되는 소정 높이의 양 포스트와; 상기 양 포스트의 상단에 그 양단이 고정되어 있는 토션바와; 상기 토션바에 결합되는 있는 미러와; 상기 미러의 일측에 마련되어 있는 마그네트를 구비하고, 상기 기판에는 상기 미러가 회전되었을 때에 기판의 일측 저면이 접촉되는 경사접촉면을 가지는 채널이 형성된 구조를 가진다. 마이크로미러 액튜에이터는 다수가 어레이로 형성된 구조에 적용될 수 있는 것으로서, 전체적으로 미러의 회동각의 매우 정확하고 안정적으로 유지시킬 수 있고, 특히 자기장의 세기의 변화에 불구하고 미러의 경사각을 일정하게 유지시킬 수 있다. Disclosed is a micromirror actuator. The disclosed actuators include: a substrate; Both posts having a predetermined height formed on the upper surface of the substrate at predetermined intervals; A torsion bar at both ends of which is fixed at an upper end of the both posts; A mirror coupled to the torsion bar; A magnet is provided on one side of the mirror, and the substrate has a structure in which a channel having an inclined contact surface that contacts one bottom surface of the substrate when the mirror is rotated is formed. The micromirror actuator can be applied to a structure formed of a plurality of arrays, and can maintain a very accurate and stable rotation angle of the mirror as a whole, and in particular, maintain a constant tilt angle of the mirror despite a change in the strength of the magnetic field. have.

Method and device for the secure operation of a switching device

본 발명은 스위칭 온 및 오프될 수 있고 접촉부들 및 이동 가능한 접촉 브리지를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 메인 접촉부, 및 이동 가능한 앵커를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 제어 자석을 포함하는 스위칭 장치의 안전 동작을 위한 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다. 앵커 및 접촉 브리지는 스위칭 온 및 오프될 때 대응하는 메인 접촉부가 개방 또는 폐쇄되도록 서로 작동 가능하게 접속된다. 본 발명의 방법은 a) 스위칭 온 및 오프 후 앵커를 리턴시키는 경로 차를 인식하는 단계, b) 인식된 경로 차가 미리 결정된 값을 초과하고 스위칭 오프 후 특정 시간 기간이 경과될 때 융착된 메인 접촉부들을 개방하기 위하여 사용되는 수단을 방출 장치에 의해 방출하는 단계를 포함한다. The present invention provides a method for the safe operation of a switching device comprising at least one main contact which can be switched on and off and comprises contacts and a movable contact bridge, and at least one control magnet comprising a movable anchor and Relates to a device. The anchor and the contact bridge are operatively connected to each other such that the corresponding main contact opens or closes when switched on and off. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of a) recognizing a path difference that returns an anchor after switching on and off, b) fused main contacts when the recognized path difference exceeds a predetermined value and a certain time period has elapsed after switching off. Releasing by the release device the means used for opening.

The method and apparatus for making mechanical relay revert to normal condition from persistent fault

使机械继电器从固定故障恢复为正常状况的方法和装置。所述方法可以包括：MCU检测继电器的短路状态或开路状态；当继电器处于短路状态时，MCU向继电器驱动器重复传递电流施加信号和电流不施加信号；继电器驱动器响应于电路施加信号和电流不施加信号而重复进行从电源单元向继电器周期性地施加电流的操作，使得引起继电器的接触点的释放；MCU检测继电器的接触点的释放状态；以及当继电器的接触点被释放时，MCU使ECU维持在操作状态。

Electromagnetic relay

For switching instrument and the method for electromagnetic relay

可以提供一种用于切换电磁继电器的工具及方法，由此所述工具包括能够沿着指向继电器的路径在第一位置与第二位置之间移动的开关构件；其中，所述开关构件从第一位置移动至第二个位置能够通过开关构件所施加的磁力来切换电磁继电器的开关状态。

Device for detecting contacting of electrical conductor by tool

FIELD: instrument engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for detecting the contact of tool (2a, 2b) with electrical conductor (5b) enclosed by electrical insulation (5a). Tool (2a, 2b), which is made of electrically conductive material, is fastened to tool retainer (1a, 1b) made of electrically conductive material. Thin electrical insulation is provided between tool (2a, 2b) and tool retainer (1a, 1b) such that said components form capacitor (CS) together with the coaxial cable. Inductor (La, Lb) is connected in parallel therewith such that an LC oscillating circuit of high quality is formed between the tool and the tool retainer. Electronic circuit assembly excites the oscillating circuit and determines characteristic oscillation parameters of said oscillating circuit. EFFECT: invention provides a device which is reliable, stable and displays tool contact with an electrical conductor as easily as possible. 16 cl, 14 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 654 515 C2 (51) МПК H02G 1/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК H02G 1/12 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2015145161, 21.03.2014 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 21.05.2018 R U 21.03.2014 (72) Автор(ы): ДЕШЛЕР Рафаэль (CH), ЙОСТ Михаэль (CH), КАМПМАНН Роланд (DE), ТИЛЕ Мартин (DE) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ШЛОЙНИГЕР ХОЛДИНГ АГ (CH) (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: DE 102009027967 A1, 11.02.2010. 21.03.2013 EP 13160497.7 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 26.04.2017 Бюл. № 12 (45) Опубликовано: 21.05.2018 Бюл. № 15 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 21.10.2015 US 2008/100146 A1, 01.05.2008. JP H11299036 A, 29.10.1999. DE 202011107872 U1, 18.02.2013. US 2007/121796 A1, 31.05.2007. RU 150202 U1, 10.02.2015. 2 6 5 4 5 1 5 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: IB 2014/060038 (21.03.2014) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: R U 2 6 ...

Electrical wiring device used for power distribution system

本实用新型涉及电气布线装置且包括至少一个故障检测设备，至少一个故障检测设备经配置至少一个负载端上传播的电扰动，而产生故障检测信号。装置完整性评估电路包括计时电路，其通过多个负载端耦接到交流电源并且经配置以产生时间测量值。装置完整性评估电路经配置为，如果在正确布线的情况下，在预定的测试时间区间内保护电路组件产生了故障检测信号，便重置时间测量值。装置完整性评估电路经配置为，当时间测量值超过了预定的阈值时，产生装置完整性故障信号。电路断流器组件包括可移动触点，可移动触点经配置以响应于复位激励，而栓锁于复位状态下。可移动触点经配置以响应于故障检测信号或装置完整性故障信号，而受驱动进入跳闸状态。

Micromechanical elements and methods for their fabrication

A method and the product resulting from the method, for making a microminiature structure with two or more members measuring less than 1000 micrometers in any linear dimension and relatively movable to each other, comprising the steps of (a) providing a first sacrificial coating over a substrate having openings therethrough to expose a portion of the substrate, (b) depositing a first structural layer over the first sacrificial coating and the exposed portion of the substrate, with openings therethrough to expose a second portion of the substrate, (c) providing a second sacrificial coating over the second exposed portion of the substrate and said first structural layer, with openings through both the first and second sacrificial layers to expose a third portion of the substrate, (d) adding a second structural layer thereover and defining it, (e) possibly adding alternately other sacrificial coatings and other structural layers, and (f) etching the first and second and other sacrificial layers to remove them completely so that the two or more structural layers become movable relative to each other.

Method for determining wear of a switchgear contacts

본 발명은 스위치기어에서 필드 코일(21)에 의하여 이동이 제어되는 전자석(20)에 의하여 이동하는 폴 컨택트들(C1,C2,C3)의 마모를 결정하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 마모는 전자석을 폐쇄하는 이동중에 생성되는 컨택트들(C2,C2,C3)의 마모 스트로크(stroke)의 이동 시간(Tu)에 기초하여 적어도 하나의 파워폴의 전도 상태를 나타내는 적어도 하나의 전기 시그널(Ip)을 측정하고, 전자석 코일(21)에서 흐르는 여기 전류(Is)를 측정하여, 시간 베이스에서 전기적 시그널(Ip)과 여기 전류(Is)를 비교함으로써 결정된다. 마모 스트로크의 측정된 이동 시간(Tu)은 스위치기어에 저장된 초기 이동 시간(Ti)와 비교될 수 있다. 본 발명은 또한 상기 방법을 실시할 수 있는 스위치 기어에 관한 것이다. 스위치 기어, 컨택트 폴, 마모, 결정

Method for evaluating wear of power switch contacts

FIELD: evaluating degree of wear of power switch contacts. SUBSTANCE: proposed method for evaluating wear of pole contacts C1, C2, C3 includes actuation of electromagnet 20 whose movement is controlled by field coil 21. Degree of wear is evaluated by variations in course-of-wear time of contacts C1, C2, C3 formed in the course of electromagnet closing movement; to this end at least one electric signal Ip indicating conductivity of at least one power pole and field current Is carried by electromagnet field coil 21 are measured, then electric signal Ip and field current as functions of time are compared. After that measured course-of-wear time can be compared with initial Ti stored in memory. Switch implementing this method is also given in invention specification. EFFECT: facilitated procedure, enhanced noise immunity in evaluating degree of wear. 17 cl, 4 dwg ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 297 065 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ H01H 1/00 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2004122421/09, 17.12.2002 (72) Àâòîð(û): ÁÎÐÀÍ Æèëëü (FR), ÊÞÍÈ Æàí-Êðèñòîô (FR), ÄÅËÜÁÀÐ Ñòåôàí (FR) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 17.12.2002 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 27.03.2005 (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 10.04.2007 Áþë. ¹ 10 2 2 9 7 0 6 5 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: ÅÐ 0878015 À, 18.11.1998. SU 1265872 A1, 23.11.1986. SU 470875 A1, 15.05.1975. US 6225807 B1, 01.05.2001. (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 21.07.2004 (86) Çà âêà PCT: FR 02/04413 (17.12.2002) 2 2 9 7 0 6 5 R U Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Þ.Ä.Êóçíåöîâó C 2 C 2 (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 03/054895 (03.07.2003) (54) ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÑÒÅÏÅÍÈ ÈÇÍÎÑÀ ÊÎÍÒÀÊÒΠÂÛÊËÞ×ÀÒÅËß (57) Ðåôåðàò: Èñïîëüçîâàíèå: äë îïðåäåëåíè ñòåïåíè èçíîñà ïîëþñíûõ êîíòàêòîâ âûêëþ÷àòåë ìîùíîñòè. Òåõíè÷åñêèé ðåçóëüòàò ...

Vacuum switch with device for testing contact wearout

Non-contact micro mirrors

A micro mirror device includes a hinge supported by a substrate and a mirror plate tiltable around the hinge. The hinge includes a length longer than 1 micron, a thickness less than 500 nanometers, and a width less than 1000 nanometers. The hinge can produce an elastic restoring force on the mirror plate when the mirror plate tilts away from an un-tilted position.

Method of technical diagnosis of high-speed switches of traction substations and sectioning stations, equipped with a technical diagnosis system

FIELD: electricity.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to diagnostics facilities in the infrastructure of electrified railway transport and is intended for control of the state of high-speed switches (HSS) at traction substations. Method employs a digital terminal for protection of feeders of a direct-current contact network, through which the amount of electricity of the disconnected HSS is measured, from which its technical state is determined. At that, in order to increase accuracy of determination of technical condition of HSS, using digital terminal, measurement of amount of electricity of disconnected HSS is performed only at occurrence of voltage at opening contacts of HSS.EFFECT: broader functional capabilities of high accuracy of monitoring the state of high-speed switches and evaluation of their residual switching current.1 cl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 703 740 C1 (51) МПК B61L 25/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК H01H 1/0015 (2019.05) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018143661, 10.12.2018 с присоединением заявки №2017125199 10.12.2018 Дата регистрации: 22.10.2019 2017125199 13.07.2017 2 7 0 3 7 4 0 R U Адрес для переписки: 644046, г. Омск, пр-кт Маркса, 35, ФГБОУ ВО "Омский государственный университет путей сообщения" (54) Метод технического диагностирования быстродействующих выключателей тяговых подстанций и постов секционирования, оборудованных системой технического диагностирования (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к средствам повышения точности определения технического диагностики в инфраструктуре состояния БВ, с помощью цифрового терминала электрифицированного железнодорожного измерение количества электричества транспорта и предназначено для контроля отключенного БВ, осуществляют, только при состояния быстродействующих выключателей появлении напряжения на размыкающихся (БВ) на тяговых подстанциях. В методе контактах БВ. Достигается расширение используют цифровой терминал защиты ...

Method and apparatus for controlling switching devices in electrical switchgear

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR SUPERVISION OF SWITCHES IN ELECTRICAL SWITCHING FACILITIES.

Procedimiento para la determinación del desgaste de los contactos en un conmutador eléctrico (3), especialmente en instalaciones de conmutación eléctrica (1) para alta tensión o tensión media, en el que una corriente de contacto (If), que fluye durante la acción de conmutación a través del conmutador (3), es detectada con la ayuda de un transformador de corriente (30) y es evaluada con respecto al desgaste de los contactos, en el que a) para la determinación de una variable de estado (Cwsum), que caracteriza el desgaste de los contactos, se mide en primer lugar una señal de medición de la corriente (Imess) del transformador de corriente (30) como función del tiempo (t), b) en el caso de que aparezcan desviaciones entre la corriente de contacto (If) esperada y la señal de medición de la corriente (Imess), se detecta la presencia de un error de medición (Δ), caracterizado porque c) en el caso de detección del error de medición (Δ), se determina a partir de la señal de medición de la corriente (Imess) al menos un valor máximo de la corriente (Imax) como valor característico de la corriente (Ichar) y se utiliza para la determinación de la variable de estado (Cwsum). Procedure for determining the wear of the contacts in an electrical switch (3), especially in electrical switching installations (1) for high voltage or medium voltage, in which a contact current (If), which flows during the action of switching through the switch (3), is detected with the help of a current transformer (30) and is evaluated with respect to the wear of the contacts, in which a) for the determination of a state variable (Cwsum), characterizing the wear of the contacts, a current measurement signal (Imess) of the current transformer (30) is measured first as a function of time (t), b) in case deviations appear between the current of the expected contact (If) and the current measurement signal (Imess), the presence of a measurement error (Δ) is detected, characterized in that c) in the case of ...

Method and device for monitoring switching devices in electrical switchgear