Polypyrrole and Silver Vanadium Oxide Composite

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a composite electrode for a battery is provided. The composite electrode includes silver vanadium oxide present in an amount from about 75 weight percent to about 99 weight percent and polypyrrole present in an amount from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent.

LITHIUM PRIMARY BATTERY

A lithium primary battery includes a positive electrode 1 using iron sulfide as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode 2 using a lithium alloy as a negative electrode active material, an electrode group 4 formed by winding the positive and negative electrodes 1, 2 with a separator 3 being interposed therebetween, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution. The lithium alloy contains at least one of magnesium or tin in a range of 0.02-0.2 mol %. 1. A lithium primary battery , comprising:a positive electrode using iron sulfide as a positive electrode active material;a negative electrode using a lithium alloy as a negative electrode active material;an electrode group formed by winding the positive and negative electrodes with a separator being interposed therebetween; anda non-aqueous electrolytic solution,wherein the lithium alloy contains at least one of magnesium or tin in a range of 0.02-0.2 mol %.2. The lithium primary battery of claim 1 , whereinthe lithium alloy contains at least one of magnesium or tin in a range of 0.10-0.17 mol %.3. The lithium primary battery of claim 1 , whereinthe non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains an electrolyte made of lithium iodide.4. The lithium primary battery of claim 1 , whereina solvent of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains tetrahydrofuran of 0.5-5 vol %. The present invention relates to a lithium primary battery using iron sulfide as a positive electrode active material.Lithium primary batteries each using iron sulfide as a positive electrode active material (hereinafter merely referred to as “lithium primary batteries”) are highly practical because the lithium primary batteries have average discharge voltage of around 1.5 V and are compatible with other 1.5 V-class primary batteries such as manganese batteries and alkaline manganese batteries. A theoretical capacity of iron sulfide used as the positive electrode active material is as high as about 894 mAh/g, and a theoretical capacity of ...

Lithium-Iron Disulfide Cell Design

A lithium-iron disulfide electrochemical cell design is disclosed, relying on judicious selection of the electrolyte, a thicker lithium anode and a cathode with specific characteristics selected to cooperate with the electrolyte. The resulting cell has a reduced interfacial surface area between the anode and the cathode but, surprisingly, maintains excellent high drain rate capacity. 1. An FR6 electrochemical cell comprising:an R6 sized container having an external height no greater than about 50.5 mm and an external diameter no greater than about 14.5 mm;{'sup': '2', 'a jellyroll electrode assembly having less than 200 cmof interfacial area between an anode consisting essentially of lithium or lithium-based alloy with a thickness greater than 200 microns and a cathode comprising a mix coated onto a metallic foil current collector, wherein the mix has at least 91 wt. % pyrite and a final solids packing between 58% to 70%;'}an electrolyte consisting essentially of one or more electrolytic salts dissociated in one or more solvents comprising at least 50 vol. % of one or more ethers based on total volume of the solvents, said one or more solvents not including any carbonate-based solvents; andwherein the cell experiences a comparative drop of R10 resistance in excess of 20% at about 66% depth of discharge during the Digital Still Camera Test.2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell has an energy per unit of interfacial area in excess of 21 mWh/cmon the Digital Still Camera Test.3. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell has an energy per unit of interfacial area in excess of 23 mWh/cmon the Digital Still Camera Test.4. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell has an energy per unit of interfacial area in excess of 27 mWh/cmon the Digital Still Camera Test.5. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the interfacial area is less than 185 cm.6. The electrochemical cell according to ...

FLAT PRIMARY BATTERY, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MIXTURE FOR FLAT PRIMARY BATTERY, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FLAT PRIMARY BATTERY

A flat primary battery capable of enhancing the productivity and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The flat primary battery is a flat alkaline primary battery including a positive electrode mixture, a negative electrode mixture, and an electrolytic solution in a can, wherein the negative electrode mixture includes a zinc powder or a zinc alloy powder and an insulating powder of a non-metal which does not react with an electrolytic solution and which has an average particle diameter of 110 μm or more, the value of which is from 60% to 140% of an average particle diameter of the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder. 1. A flat primary battery comprising a negative electrode mixture in a gel state and an electrolytic solution in a can , whereinthe negative electrode mixture includes a zinc powder or a zinc alloy powder, a gelling agent, and an insulating powder of a non-metal which does not react with the electrolytic solution and which has an average particle diameter of from 60% to 140% of an average particle diameter of the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder, andthe average particle diameter of the insulating powder is 110 μm or more.2. The flat primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the gelling agent includes carboxymethyl cellulose or polyacrylic acid claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The flat primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle diameter of the insulating powder is not more than 350 μm.4. The flat primary battery according to claim 2 , wherein the average particle diameter of the insulating powder is not more than 350 μm.5. The flat primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the insulating powder has water repellency.6. The flat primary battery according to claim 2 , wherein the insulating powder has water repellency.7. The flat primary battery according to claim 3 , wherein the insulating powder has water repellency.8. The flat primary battery according to claim 4 , wherein the insulating powder has water ...

BATTERY ELECTRODE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURE THEREOF

Solid composite electrodes with electrode active layers that include an electrode active material, an optional electron conductive material, an optional binder and other optional additives for batteries which are not fuel cells are provided. The solid composite electrodes are formed by the deposition of an electrode composition (slurry) onto a current collector in one or many layers. The electrode structure may be characterized by a porosity of the electrode composition layer that decreases in a direction from the back side of the layer (close to the current collector) towards the outer side of the layer. The electrode structures can be used in for example chemical sources of electric energy such as primary (non-rechargeable) as well as secondary (rechargeable) batteries. 1. A battery that stores and discharges electrical energy chemically , comprising:at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode and an electrolyte wherein at one of the group of said positive electrode and negative electrode has an electrode structure having a current collector and an electrode composition provided on the current collector, whereinsaid electrode composition has electrochemically active material; said electrode composition is provided on the current collector in one or several layers and has an inside surface proximal to the current collector and an outside surface distal from the current collector;said electrode composition has a non-uniform porosity that decreases in a direction from the inside surface towards the outside surface participates in electrochemical reactions with said electrolyte to discharge or store electrical energy.2. A battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said electrode structure is configured as a positive electrode.3. A battery as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the electrochemically active material is selected from a list comprising: sulphur claim 2 , non-organic and organic (including oligomeric and polymeric) compounds based on sulphur ...

Electrochemical Cell Aluminum-Manganese

The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell characterised in that it comprises at least a positive electrode which comprises manganese physically separated from at least a negative electrode which comprises an aluminium alloy, and wherein said positive and negative electrodes are electrically connected through a neutral pH electrolyte. Further, the present invention relates to the use of the electrochemical cell, preferably as a button battery in hearing aids. 1. An electrochemical cell characterized in that it comprises at least one positive electrode comprising manganese as a positive electrode material physically separated from at least one negative electrode which comprises an aluminium alloy as a negative electrode material; and wherein said positive and negative electrodes are electrically connected by a neutral pH electrolyte.2. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises a mixture of manganese oxide claim 1 , a carbonaceous material and at least one binding agent additive.3. The cell according to claim 2 , wherein the percentage of manganese oxide in the mixture is between 20 and 80% in weight.4. The cell according to claims 2 , wherein the percentage of carbonaceous material in the mixture is between 20 and 80% in weight.5. The cell according to any of the claim 2 , wherein the percentage of the binding agent additive in the mixture is between 1 and 20% in weight.61. The cell according to claim 2 , wherein the aluminium alloy comprises at least one metal as an alloying element selected from a group consisting of magnesium claim 2 , zinc claim 2 , tin and gallium.7. The cell according to claim 6 , wherein the metal as an alloying element is present in a proportion lower than 5% in weight.81. The cell according to claim 6 , wherein the negative electrode is covered with a carbonaceous material surface.9. The cell according to claim 8 , wherein the carbonaceous material is graphene.10. The cell according to claim 1 , ...

ALKALINE BATTERY

An alkaline battery includes a tubular battery case, a positive electrode filled in the battery case and including a stack of n pieces of hollow tubular pellets, a negative electrode disposed in hollow portions of the pellets, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolytic solution. The battery case includes a body portion having a thickness of 0.15 mm or less. The positive electrode contains manganese dioxide and a conductive agent, and n is an integer of 3 or more. First resistance is higher than second resistance, where the first resistance is resistance of at least one pellet positioned in a middle portion in a height direction of the stack, and the second resistance is resistance of at least one pellet positioned in end portions in the height direction of the stack. 1. An alkaline battery comprising:a tubular battery case;a positive electrode filled in the battery case, and including a stack of n pieces of hollow tubular pellets;a negative electrode disposed in hollow portions of the pellets;a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; andan alkaline electrolytic solution,wherein the battery case includes a body portion having a thickness of 0.15 mm or less,the positive electrode contains manganese dioxide and a conductive agent,n is an integer of 3 or more, anda first proportion is lower than a second proportion, where the first proportion is a proportion of a mass of the conductive agent in a total mass of the manganese dioxide and the conductive agent in at least one pellet positioned in a middle portion in a height direction of the stack, and the second proportion is a proportion of a mass of the conductive agent in a total mass of the manganese dioxide and the conductive agent in at least one pellet positioned in end portions in the height direction of the stack.2. The alkaline battery according to claim 1 , wherein the first proportion is lower than the second ...

Instant power (I.P. PACK)

This invention relates to the batteries used to power cellphones of particular brands and models. This particular type of alkaline disposable battery will be the first created with compatibility to supplement not replace manufactured batteries but merely to provide owners of mobile phone devices the power to re-power their device without waiting until their phone recharges, the battery will be made of alkaline and possible make up of Lithium-ion that comes equipped with power when you purchase it off the shelves of your local convenient stores Walmart, Lowes, Home Depot etc., it will work just like double AA, alkaline C or D batteries you can buy off shelves created by major battery giants like Duracell, Energizer, Eveready etc., it will be manufactured with the compatibility to fit whatever brand mobile device that is created ruling out the need for charging in emergency situations. 1. A mobile phone alkaline disposable battery with possible lithium ion equipped.2. A mobile phone disposable battery produced to provide your mobile device with instant power. The photo is of a designed disposable battery made of alkaline to provide instant power to any compatible mobile device produced by Samsung giant, compatible with Galaxy devices for now.(1) The study of electricity required the ability to store the object of study. As a result, batteries developed initially as a way of creating electricity both for study and as part of other experiments. With the advent of the industrial age, cheaper, more powerful batteries became necessary. The alkaline battery is currently one of the most powerful disposable batteries available.(2 Alkaline batteries are one of several types of “dry cell” designs which use a solid electrode surrounded by a chemical paste to generate electricity. These typically come in 1.5-volt, 6-volt, and 9-volt designs. Alkaline cells were introduced into the marketplace in the 1960s. Alkaline batteries are clearly superior to the older zinc-carbon type, but ...

Alkaline battery

An alkaline battery has a positive electrode mixture containing manganese dioxide and a conductive material filling a tubular positive electrode can that is closed at one end. A negative electrode mixture containing a zinc powder filling on an inner peripheral side of a separator is disposed on an inside of the positive electrode mixture. The negative electrode mixture contains zinc particles with a granularity of 75 μm or less at 25 to 40 mass %. The positive electrode mixture has a plurality of tubular pellets stacked inside the positive electrode can coaxially with the positive electrode can. A sum s of lengths of gaps between the pellets is set at 1 to 14% with respect to a sum d of lengths of the pellets. Thus, a sufficient amount of the electrolyte is held in the gaps and between the pellets in the positive electrode.

ALKALINE DRY BATTERIES

An alkaline dry battery includes a battery case, a hollow cylindrical positive electrode accommodated in the battery case, a negative electrode disposed in the hollow portion of the positive electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator. The alkaline dry battery further includes a layer principally including a compound containing a polyoxyethylene group between the positive electrode and the inner surface of the battery case. 1. An alkaline dry battery comprising:a battery case,a hollow cylindrical positive electrode accommodated in the battery case,a negative electrode disposed in the hollow portion of the positive electrode,a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, andan electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator,the alkaline dry battery further comprising a layer principally including a compound containing a polyoxyethylene group between the positive electrode and an inner surface of the battery case.2. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein 50% or more of a region claim 1 , of the inner surface of the battery case claim 1 , that is in contact with the positive electrode is covered with the layer.3. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols and surfactants having the polyoxyethylene group.4. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the compound contained in the layer is not less than 0.5 mg/cm.5. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the layer further includes a particulate conductive material.6. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the layer further includes a binder in an amount of not less than 10 parts by mass and not more than ...

ALKALINE DRY CELL

An alkaline dry cell includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, wherein the electrolytic solution contains an alkaline aqueous solution. The negative electrode contains an additive and a negative electrode active material containing zinc; and the additive contains at least one selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and salts of the foregoing. The amount of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode is from 176 to 221 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of water contained in the electrolytic solution. The amount of the additive contained in the negative electrode is from 0.1 to 1.0 part by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material. 1. An alkaline dry cell comprising a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode , the negative electrode , and the separator , whereinthe electrolytic solution contains an alkaline aqueous solution;the negative electrode contains an additive and a negative electrode active material containing zinc;the additive contains at least one selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and salts of the foregoing;the amount of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode is from 176 to 221 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of water contained in the electrolytic solution; andthe amount of the additive contained in the negative electrode is from 0.1 to 1.0 part by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material.2. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the additive contains ...

SEAWATER BATTERY CELL AND SEAWATER BATTERY INCLUDING SEAWATER BATTERY CELLS

A seawater battery cell may include: a seawater battery module having an anode and a cathode; a watertight structure coupled to the seawater battery module, the watertight structure being configured to tightly seal the anode and the cathode from seawater; a first watertight connector portion electrically connected to any one of the anode and the cathode; and a second watertight connector portion electrically connected to remaining one of the anode and the cathode and coupled to a first watertight connector portion of an adjacent seawater battery cell. As a result, the seawater battery cell, which can be fully submerged under seawater, can be applied to various fields.

PARTICLE SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Particles with suitable properties may be generated. The particles may include carbon particles. The particles may be used as conductive additives and/or fillers. The particles may be used in energy storage devices such as, for example, lithium-ion batteries. 1155.-. (canceled)156. An electrode body , comprising an electroactive material and a conductive additive , wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (L) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4.157. The electrode body of claim 156 , wherein the electrode body is further assembled into a battery claim 156 , wherein the battery is a lithium-ion claim 156 , lithium sulfur claim 156 , nickel metal hydride (NiMH) claim 156 , lead acid claim 156 , or nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery.158. The electrode body of claim 156 , wherein the electrode body is at least about 10 microns thick.159. The electrode body of claim 156 , wherein a Z average particle size of the conductive additive as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) is at least about 30% greater than a value predicted based on the equation D=(2540+71(DBP))/S claim 156 , where Dis a maximum aggregate diameter in nanometers claim 156 , S is an STSA in m/g claim 156 , and is equal to the volume of dibutylphthalate in mL/100 g in accordance with standard test procedure ASTM D2414.160. The electrode body of claim 156 , wherein a percent free space of at least about 5% of a total number of particles of the conductive additive is about 90% or greater based on number count.161. The electrode body of claim 156 , wherein the conductive additive has (i) a nitrogen surface area (N2SA) that is between about 30 m/g and 400 m/g claim 156 , between about 40 m/g and 80 m/g claim 156 , or between about 80 m/g and 150 m/g claim 156 , or (ii) wherein the conductive additive has a structure that is greater than about 100 mL/100 grams.162. The electrode body of claim ...

LITHIUM PRIMARY BATTERY

A lithium primary battery including: a battery case; an electrode group; and a nonaqueous electrolyte; the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a nonaqueous solvent, a solute, and an additive; the electrode group includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween; the negative electrode includes foil composed of metal lithium or a lithium alloy, has a shape extending in a longitudinal direction and a short direction, and provided with a long tape adhered to at least one main surface of the negative electrode along the longitudinal direction thereof; the tape includes a resin substrate and an adhesive layer and has a width of 0.5 to 3 mm; and the additive is a lithium salt represented by the following formula (1): LiMCOF (1≤x≤2, 0≤y≤6, 0≤z≤8, 0≤α≤6, and 1≤y+z+α are satisfied, and y and z are not simultaneously 0), and the element M includes at least one of phosphorus and boron. 1. A lithium primary battery comprising: a battery case; an electrode group received in the battery case; and a nonaqueous electrolyte ,wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a nonaqueous solvent, a solute, and an additive,the electrode group includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator being spirally wound together,the negative electrode includes foil composed of metal lithium or a lithium alloy, has a shape extending in a longitudinal direction and a short direction, and is provided with a long tape adhered to at least one main surface of the negative electrode along the longitudinal direction thereof,the tape includes a resin substrate and an adhesive layer and has a width of 0.5 to 3 mm, and {'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', 'α, 'LiMCOF'}, 'the additive is a lithium salt represented by the following formula (1)'}where in the formula (1), 1≤x≤2, 0≤y≤6, 0≤z≤8, 0≤α≤6, and 1≤y+z+α are satisfied, y and z are not simultaneously 0, and the ...

IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES WITH LOW VOLUME BATTERIES, AND SYSTEMS

Implantable medical devices, implantable medical device systems that include such implantable medical devices, and implantable medical device batteries, as well as methods of making. Such devices can include a battery of relatively small volume but of relatively high power (reported as therapeutic power) and relatively high capacity (reported as capacity density). 124-. (canceled)25. An implantable medical device comprising: a processor; and', 'memory; and, 'control electronics for delivering therapy and/or monitoring physiological signals, the control electronics comprising 'an anode comprising lithium;', 'an implantable medical device battery operably connected to the control electronics to deliver power to the control electronics; the battery comprising a separator between the anode and the cathode; and', 'an electrolyte contacting the anode, the cathode, and the separator;', 'wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide;, 'a cathode having a total electrode thickness of 0.004 inch to 0.014 inch with a tolerance of no more than ±0.003 inch;'}{'sup': '3', 'wherein the battery has a therapeutic power of at least 0.11 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery, and a therapeutic capacity density of at least 0.08 Ah/cm.'}26. The implantable medical device of claim 25 , wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide and carbon monofluoride.27. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator device comprising: a processor;', 'memory;, 'control electronics for delivering therapy and/or monitoring physiological signals, the control electronics comprising "a sensing module for monitoring a patient's heart rhythm;", 'a stimulation generator that generates at least one of cardiac pacing pulses, defibrillation shocks, and cardioversion shocks; and'}one or more defibrillator capacitors; and 'an anode comprising lithium;', 'an implantable medical device battery ...

SEALED BATTERY AND BATTERY JACKET CAN

There is provided a sealed battery having excellent corrosion resistance and sealing performance. The sealed battery includes a battery jacket can having a bottom and being in a cylindrical or polyhedral shape. The battery jacket can also serves as a collector of one of the electrodes. The battery jacket can has an opening pointing upwards and accommodates active parts ( and ). The opening is sealed by a sealing part that includes a flat metal sealing plate , a gasket made of an insulator, and a terminal part of the other electrode. In the sealing part, the terminal part is attached to the sealing plate using the gasket . The sealing plate has a planar shape that matches a shape of the opening of the battery jacket can. The sealing plate is in a saucer shape whose edge section is bent upwards. An upper end of the edge section of the sealing plate is laser-welded to an upper end of the battery jacket can while the sealing plate being inserted inside the opening of the battery jacket can. The battery jacket can is made of ferritic stainless steel to which Tin (Sn) is added. 1. A sealed battery , comprising: that has a bottom and is in a cylindrical or polyhedral shape,', 'that also serves as a collector of one of the electrodes,', 'that has an opening pointing upwards, and', 'that is made of ferritic stainless steel to which Tin (Sn) is added;, 'a battery jacket can'}active parts that are accommodated in the battery jacket can; and that includes a flat metal sealing plate, a gasket made of an insulator, and a terminal part of the other electrode,', 'that seals the opening of the battery jacket can, and', the sealing plate having a planar shape that matches a shape of the opening of the battery jacket can,', 'the sealing plate being in a saucer shape whose edge section is bent upwards,', 'an upper end of the edge section of the sealing plate being laser-welded to an upper end of the battery jacket can while the sealing plate being inserted inside the opening of the ...

FLUORINE-BASED CATHODE MATERIALS FOR THERMAL BATTERIES

A thermal battery can include an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. The lithium alloy can be lithium silicone or lithium aluminum. The metal-fluoride cathode includes FeF, VF, CrF, MnF, CoF, or a mixture thereof. The metal-fluoride cathode includes a carbon material therein, such as activated carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, and combinations thereof. The metal-fluoride cathode can include FeF, FeFand FeS, CoF, or CoFand CoS. The metal-fluoride cathode can be devoid of FeS. The metal-fluoride cathode can further include a metal-sulfide, such as FeSor CoS. 1. A thermal battery comprising:an anode of lithium alloy;a metal-fluoride cathode; andan electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode.2. The battery in claim 1 , wherein is the lithium alloy is lithium silicone or lithium aluminum.3. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the anode material comprises 10%-50% electrolyte material.4. The battery in claim 1 , wherein a metal of the metal fluoride cathode includes Fe claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , or mixture thereof.5. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes FeF claim 1 , VF claim 1 , CrF claim 1 , MnF claim 1 , CoF claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.6. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the cathode material comprises 10%-50% electrolyte material.7. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes a carbon material therein.8. The battery in claim 7 , wherein the carbon material is activated carbon claim 7 , graphite claim 7 , graphene claim 7 , carbon nanotube claim 7 , and combinations thereof.9. The battery in claim 8 , wherein the cathode material comprises: at least 65 wt % of the metal-fluoride and at least 1 wt % of the carbon material.10. The battery in claim 9 , the metal-fluoride cathode further comprising carbon nanotubes (CNT).11. The battery in claim 1 , the metal-fluoride ...

FLUORINE-BASED CATHODE MATERIALS FOR THERMAL BATTERIES

A thermal battery can include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. The electrolyte composition can be a tertiary electrolyte composition of LiF—LiCl—LiSO. A thermal battery can also include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having an oxide selected from VOor LiVO; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. In one aspect, a metal of the metal fluoride cathode includes Ni, Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Co, or mixture thereof. In one aspect, the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF, FeF, VF, CrF, MnF, CoF, or a mixture thereof. A method of providing electricity can include: providing an electronic device having a thermal battery with a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni and/or having an oxide selected from VOor LiVO; and discharging the thermal battery to provide electricity. 1. A thermal battery comprising:an anode of lithium alloy;a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni; and{'sub': 2', '4, 'a tertiary electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode, the tertiary electrolyte composition comprising LiF—LiCl—LiSO.'}2. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the lithium alloy is lithium-silicon claim 1 , lithium-aluminum claim 1 , lithium-tin claim 1 , or lithium-iron.3. The battery in claim 1 , wherein:an amount of the F and Cl halide anions relative to a total amount of negative ions is at least about 20 mol %; or{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4, 'wherein the total LiF and LiCl salts and total LiSOsalt has a ratio of LiF and LiCl:LiSObeing from about 0.2:1 to about 2.0:1.'}4. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF.5. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF/Ni claim 1 , NiF/VO claim 1 , NiF/LiVO claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.6. The battery in claim 1 , wherein:the anode comprises 10%-50% electrolyte material; andthe metal-fluoride cathode comprises 5%-30% electrolyte material.7. The ...

ALKALINE BATTERY WITH GAP BETWEEN PELLETS

An alkaline battery is made by press-fitting a plurality of tubular positive electrode pellets inside of an open end of a cylindrical positive electrode can. The press-fitting is performed in such a manner as to stack the positive electrode pellets coaxially inside of and in contact with the positive electrode can, with gaps between adjacent positive electrode pellets. A separator is disposed inside of the tubular pellets, and a negative electrode mixture is placed inside of the separator. A negative electrode current collector is inserted into the negative electrode mixture, and the opening at the open end of the positive electrode can is sealed with a negative electrode terminal plate. 13-. (canceled)4. A method of making an alkaline battery comprising:press-fitting a plurality of positive electrode pellets inside of an open end of a positive electrode can, the positive electrode can being cylindrical in shape and closed at an end opposite to the open end,the positive electrode pellets being tubular in shape, the press-fitting being performed in such a manner as to stack the positive electrode pellets coaxially inside of and in contact with the positive electrode can, with gaps between adjacent positive electrode pellets, the tubular positive electrode pellets extending only a fixed, predetermined distance towards an axis of the positive electrode can, the gaps and the positive electrode pellets having a ratio of a sum s of length of the gaps between the positive electrode pellets axially along the positive electrode can to a sum d of lengths of the positive electrode pellets axially along the positive electrode can, the ratio being 1 to 14%,the press-fitting being followed by disposing a separator inside of cylindrical inner side surfaces of the tubular pellets, followed byfilling an inner peripheral side of the separator with a negative electrode mixture, followed byinserting a negative electrode current collector into the negative electrode mixture; followed ...

ALKALI DRY CELL

An alkaline dry battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an alkaline electrolyte retained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material containing zinc, and an additive. The additive includes a sulfur-containing cyclic compound. 1. An alkaline dry battery , comprising:a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an alkaline electrolyte retained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator,the negative electrode including a negative electrode active material containing zinc, and an additive,the additive including a sulfur-containing cyclic compound.2. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-containing cyclic compound has a ring structure having a sulfur atom.3. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 2 , where the ring structure is a five-membered ring.4. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-containing cyclic compound is a sulfur-containing cyclic ester.5. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 4 , wherein the sulfur-containing cyclic ester includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfate ester claim 4 , a sulfite ester claim 4 , and a sulfonate ester.6. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-containing cyclic compound includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 1 ,3-propanesultone claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-propenesultone claim 1 , ethylene sulfite claim 1 , ethylene sulfate claim 1 , and sulfolane.7. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-containing cyclic compound is retained in the negative electrode in an amount of 0.02 parts by mass or more and 1 part by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the ...

ALKALINE BATTERY CATHODE STRUCTURES INCORPORATING MULTIPLE CARBON MATERIALS AND ORIENTATIONS

Cathode active materials for alkaline cells are disclosed. In particular, the cathode structures encompass conductive carbons introduced to the cathode so as to have a specific spatial orientation and/or a multi-carbon structure. The overall intent is to leverage the conductor(s) provided to the cathode structure to improve electronic and ionic conductance and, by extension, improve battery discharge performance. 1. A method of making a cathode structure for an alkaline battery comprising:a first mixing step including dispersing a first conductive material in a particulate active material and forming agglomerates in which the first conductive material is entrained within the agglomerates;a second mixing step, performed at a lower energy in comparison to the first mixing step, including adhering a second conductive material with at least a portion of a surface of the agglomerates; andwherein the second conductive material comprises particles of a larger size in comparison to particles of the first conductive material.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the forming of agglomerates comprises compacting the dispersed first conductive material and particulate active material.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the active material comprises manganese dioxide.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the manganese dioxide consists of least 90 wt. % of the positive electrode.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first conductive material comprises synthetic graphite.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the second conductive material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: unexpanded graphite claim 5 , expanded graphite claim 5 , graphene claim 5 , graphite tubes claim 5 , and graphite rods.7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising orienting the first conductive material to align the first conductive material in a common direction within the electrode.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the ...

LITHIUM PRIMARY BATTERY

A positive electrode, a negative electrode containing lithium, and a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity are installed. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains a nonaqueous solvent and a solute. The positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material containing at least manganese dioxide, a conductive agent, and a binding agent and further contains an oxide and sulfate of a rare-earth element. 1. A lithium primary battery comprising a positive electrode , a negative electrode containing lithium , and a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity , wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a nonaqueous solvent and a solute andthe positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material containing at least manganese dioxide, a conductive agent, and a binding agent and further contains an oxide and sulfate of a rare-earth element.2. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth element oxide and/or sulfate is in contact with the manganese dioxide.3. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth element is at least one selected from the group consisting of yttrium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , and ytterbium.4. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the rare-earth element oxide and sulfate is 0.1 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the manganese dioxide.5. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the manganese dioxide is electrolytic manganese dioxide.6. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode contains 0.05 parts by mass to 2 parts by mass of sulfur element per 100 parts by mass of the manganese dioxide.7. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte contains phthalimide.8. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein at least one portion of a surface of the negative electrode that faces the positive ...

ALKALINE BATTERY HAVING A DUAL-ANODE

Various embodiments are directed to an electrochemical cell having a non-homogeneous anode. The electrochemical cell includes a container, a cathode forming a hollow cylinder within the container, an anode positioned within the hollow cylinder of the cathode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode. The anode comprises at least two concentric anode portions, defined by different anode characteristics. For example, the two anode portions may contain different surfactant types, which provides the two anode portions with different charge transfer resistance characteristics. By lowering the charge transfer resistance of a portion of an anode located proximate the current collector of the cell (and away from the separator) relative to an anode portion located adjacent the separator, improved cell discharge performance may be obtained. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:a container;a cathode forming a hollow cylinder and having a cathode outer surface adjacent an inner surface of the container and a cathode inner surface defining an interior portion of the cathode;an anode positioned within the interior portion of the cathode, wherein the anode defines an anode outer surface adjacent the cathode inner surface and a central portion;a separator disposed between the anode outer surface and the cathode inner surface; andan electrolyte; a first anode portion located adjacent the separator and consists of a first anode formulation having a first charge transfer resistance; and', 'a second anode portion located at the anode central portion and consists of a second anode formulation having a second charge transfer resistance that is lower than the first charge transfer resistance., 'wherein the anode comprises at least two anode portions, wherein2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first anode formulation comprises a first surfactant and the second anode formulation comprises a second surfactant that is different from the first surfactant.3. The ...

ALKALINE CELL WITH IMPROVED DISCHARGE EFFICIENCY

A gelled anode for an alkaline electrochemical cell contains zinc-based particles, an alkaline electrolyte, a gelling agent, and two or more additives selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal hydroxide, an organic phosphate ester surfactant, a metal oxide, and tin, which as reduced cell gassing properties relative to cells lacking such additives. 1. A gelled anode for an alkaline electrochemical cell , the anode comprising: zinc-based particles , an alkaline electrolyte , a gelling agent , and two or more additives selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal hydroxide , an organic phosphate ester surfactant , a metal oxide , and tin.2. The gelled anode of comprising the alkali metal hydroxide claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is lithium hydroxide.3. The gelled anode of comprising the metal oxide claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is cerium oxide.4. The gelled anode of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide and a phosphate ester surfactant; lithium hydroxide and cerium oxide; lithium hydroxide and tin; and lithium hydroxide claim 1 , cerium oxide claim 1 , and tin.57.-. (canceled)8. The gelled anode of claim 1 , wherein the organic phosphate ester surfactant is selected from the group consisting of poly(oxy-1 claim 1 ,2-ethanediyl) claim 1 ,-α-(dinonylphenyl)-ω-hydroxy-phosphate claim 1 , polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether phosphate claim 1 , poly(oxy-1 claim 1 ,2-ethanediyl)-α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-C-alkyl ether phosphate claim 1 , polyoxyethylene isotridecyl phosphate claim 1 , polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene cetyl ether claim 1 , C-Calcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester claim 1 , tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester claim 1 , and nonylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester.9. The gelled anode of claim 4 , wherein relative to the total weight of the gelled anode mixture claim 4 , the lithium hydroxide is present at a concentration from about 0.02 wt % to about 0.2 wt % claim 4 , the cerium ...

LITHIUM PRIMARY BATTERY

A lithium primary battery including a battery case, an electrode group housed in the battery case, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent, a solute, and an additive. The electrode group includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween. The negative electrode includes a metal lithium or lithium alloy foil, and has a shape having a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction, with a long tape attached to at least one principal surface of the negative electrode along the longitudinal direction. The tape includes a resin base material and an adhesive layer, and has a width of 0.5 mm to 3 mm. The additive includes a phosphorus compound having a POstructure having a phosphorus atom and n oxygen atoms bonded to the phosphorus atom, where n=3 or 4. 1. A lithium primary battery , comprising:a battery case; an electrode group housed in the battery case; and a non-aqueous electrolyte,the non-aqueous electrolyte containing a non-aqueous solvent, a solute, and an additive,the electrode group including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,the negative electrode including a metal lithium or lithium alloy foil, and having a shape having a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction, with a long tape attached to at least one principal surface of the negative electrode along the longitudinal direction,the tape including a resin base material and an adhesive layer,the tape having a width of 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less,{'sub': 'n', 'the additive including a phosphorus compound having a POstructure having a phosphorus atom and n oxygen atoms bonded to the phosphorus atom, where n=3 or 4.'}2. The lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus compound further contains a silicon atom bonded to at least one of the oxygen atoms.3. The lithium primary battery according to ...

LITHIUM CARBON FLUORIDE PRIMARY BATTERY

A Li/CFx primary battery having a lithium-based anode and a fluorinated carbon cathode. The fluorinated carbon cathode includes fluorinated carbon nanoparticles. The structure and size distribution of the carbon precursor carbon nanotubes are configured to provide improved battery performance. 1. A Li/CFx primary battery comprising:a lithium-based anode and a fluorinated carbon cathode, wherein the fluorinated carbon cathode includes fluorinated carbon nanoparticles.2. A Li/CFx primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles comprise a number-weighted diameter distribution in which a D10 particle diameter is at least 10 nm.3. A Li/CFx primary battery according to claim 2 , wherein the number-weighted diameter distribution is measured by scanning electron microscopy claim 2 , transmission electron microscopy and/or atomic force microscopy.3. A Li/CFx primary battery according to claim 2 , or claim 2 , wherein the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles have a number-weighted diameter distribution claim 2 , as measured by scanning electron microscopy claim 2 , transmission electron microscopy and/or atomic force microscopy claim 2 , in which the D90 particle diameter is at most 300 nm.4. A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims claim 2 , wherein particle diameters of substantially all of the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles are in a range from 1 to about 500 nm.5. A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims claim 2 , wherein a value of x is at least about 0.3.6. A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims claim 2 , wherein a value of x is at most about 1.2.7. A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims claim 2 , wherein a specific surface area of the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles is at least about 10 m/g.8. A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims claim 2 , wherein the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles are ...

LITHIUM IRON DISULFIDE BATTERY

A lithium-iron disulfide battery with improved high temperature performance is disclosed. The separator characteristics are deliberately selected to be compatible with the electrolyte at the intended temperature. Additional or alternative modifications can be made in the form of a scaffold or laminated structure. A preferred polymer for such separators is polyimide. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:a cell container;a liquid electrolyte composition added to the cell container, wherein the liquid electrolyte consists of one or more solutes dissolved in one or more liquid solvents; an anode consisting essentially of lithium or a lithium alloy;', 'a cathode coated onto a solid current collector, said cathode coating comprising iron disulfide as an active material;', the first polymer defines the scaffold structure having plurality of voids penetrating completely through a plane of the separator, wherein the first polymer is insoluble in the electrolyte composition; and', 'the second polymer at least partially fills the voids of the scaffold structure; and, 'a polymeric separator positioned between the anode and the cathode, wherein the polymeric separator has a scaffold structure comprising a first polymer and a filling polymer comprising a second polymer, wherein], 'a spirally-wound electrode assembly within the cell container, wherein the spirally-wound electrode assembly compriseswherein a portion of the liquid electrolyte added to the cell container is absorbed by the second polymer such that the polymeric separator contains an electrolyte.2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer is formulated to crosslink upon exposure to ionizing radiation.3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer has a melting point greater than 140 degrees Celsius.4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer has a melting point greater than 140 degrees Celsius while in the presence of the electrolyte composition.5. ...

ALKALINE DRY CELL

An alkaline dry cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte solution. The negative electrode includes a terephthalic acid compound and a negative electrode active material containing zinc. The terephthalic acid compound is terephthalic acid having an electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof. The electron-withdrawing substituent is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of Br, F, and Cl. The terephthalic acid compound preferably includes terephthalic acid having one electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof. 1. An alkaline dry cell comprising: a positive electrode , a negative electrode , and an alkaline electrolyte solution , whereinthe negative electrode includes a terephthalic acid compound and a negative electrode active material containing zinc, andthe terephthalic acid compound is terephthalic acid having an electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof.2. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the electron-withdrawing substituent is at least one selected from the group consisting of Br claim 1 , F claim 1 , and Cl.3. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the terephthalic acid compound includes terephthalic acid having one electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof.4. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the terephthalic acid compound includes 2-bromoterephthalic acid or a salt thereof.5. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the terephthalic acid compound is 1000 ppm to 10000 ppm relative to a mass of the negative electrode active material.6. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode contains a halide ion and a terephthalate ion. The present invention relates to an improvement of a negative electrode for an alkaline dry cell.Alkaline dry cells (alkaline manganese dry cells) are widely used because the capacity is large and a large current can be drawn. ...

BIOMEDICAL ENERGIZATION ELEMENTS WITH POLYMER ELECTROLYTES AND CAVITY STRUCTURES

Designs, strategies and methods to form energization elements comprising polymer electrolytes are described. In some examples, the biocompatible energization elements may be used in a biomedical device. In some further examples, the biocompatible energization elements may be used in a contact lens. 113.-. (canceled)14. A method of manufacturing a battery comprising:obtaining a cathode collector film, wherein the cathode contact film comprises titanium;coating the cathode collector film with a carbon coating;obtaining a first laminate layer, wherein the first laminate layer comprises a first body and at least a first release layer and pressure sensitive adhesive upon surfaces of the body;cutting a hole in the first laminate layer;adhering the cathode collector film with the carbon coating to the first laminate layer, wherein the hole in the first laminate layer and the cathode collector film with carbon coating create a first cavity;depositing a transition metal oxide slurry into the first cavity and upon the carbon coating;drying the transition metal oxide deposit;obtaining a second laminate layer, wherein the second laminate layer comprises a second body and at least a second release layer and pressure sensitive adhesive upon surfaces of the second body;cutting a hole in the second laminate layer;adhering a metal foil to the second laminate layer, wherein the hole in the second laminate layer and the metal foil create a second cavity;depositing a polymer electrolyte comprising ionic constituents into the second cavity;drying the polymer electrolyte;laminating the first laminate layer to the second laminate layer, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity align at least in a respective portion and the polymer electrolyte and the transition metal oxide deposit are laminated together;cutting material from the laminate layers in a region peripheral to the first cavity and the second cavity;encapsulating the metal foil, polymer electrolyte, transition metal oxide ...

MECHANICAL CONDITIONING BY BEAD BLASTING LITHIUM IODINE CELL CASE

Bead blasting the inner, contact surface of an electrochemical cell casing to render the inner surface thereof essentially contamination free and suitable as a current collector is described. The casing is preferably of stainless steel and houses the alkali metal-halogen couple in a case-positive configuration. 1. An electrochemical cell , comprising:a) a casing of an electrically conductive material;b) a lithium anode supported on an anode current collector housed inside the casing;c) a glass-to-metal seal supported by the casing and configured to electrically isolate the anode current collector from the casing;d) a cathode comprising an iodine-containing material in electrochemical association with the lithium anode inside the casing, wherein the iodine-containing material contacts at least a portion of an inner surface of the casing serving as a cathode current collector,d) wherein, prior to contact with the iodine-containing material, at least a portion of the inner surface of the casing is characterized as having been subjected to a pressurized stream of beads.2. The electrochemical cell of configured to discharge according to the following reaction: 2Li+I→2LiI claim 1 , and having an open circuit voltage of from about 2.7 to 2.8 volts.3. The electrochemical cell of wherein claim 2 , after being discharged at 37° C. under a 6.98K load for a period of about 60 hours followed by being subjected to a 100K load for about 24 hours claim 2 , the cell has an output voltage of about 2 claim 2 ,724 mV±3 mV.4. The electrochemical cell of wherein the cathode comprises a charge transfer complex and iodine.5. The electrochemical cell of wherein the charge transfer complex comprises an organic donor component and an electron acceptor.6. The electrochemical cell of wherein the electron acceptor has a conductivity greater than about 2.5×10ohm/cm.7. The electrochemical cell of wherein the charge transfer complex is selected from the group consisting of pyrene claim 4 , perylene ...

SEALING BODY OF TUBE-SHAPED BATTERY AND TUBE-SHAPED BATTERY

A sealing body for sealing an upper opening of a battery can having a tube shape with a closed bottom includes an electrode terminal, a sealing plate, and gaskets. The electrode terminal includes a flat plate-shaped stepped portion in an area of a lower surface of a flat plate-shaped terminal portion. The electrode terminal has an inserting portion extending downward in a columnar shape on a lower surface of the stepped portion, and a protrusion in a non-circular planar shape that goes around the inserting portion. The sealing plate has an opening, and has an upper surface and a lower surface on which a non-circular sealing-plate recessed portion and a sealing-plate protruding portion are formed. The gaskets have a shaft portion inserted through the opening of the sealing plate, and a protruding portion that engages the sealing-plate recessed portion and a recessed portion that engages the sealing-plate protruding portion. 1. A sealing body for sealing an upper opening of a battery can , in a tube-shaped battery formed by sealing a power generating element in the battery can having a tube shape with a closed bottom having a lower side as a bottom portion , the sealing body comprising:an electrode terminal including an inserting portion extending downward in a columnar shape on a lower surface of a flat plate-shaped terminal portion;a flat plate-shaped metallic sealing plate that has a plane shape that is closely disposed to an inner peripheral surface of an opening of the battery can, the sealing plate being formed with an opening that communicates with an upper surface and a lower surface; and an upper plate portion and a lower plate portion in surface contact with each of an upper surface and a lower surface of the sealing plate and', 'a shaft portion having a tubular hollow shape inserted through the opening of the sealing plate and communicating with the upper plate portion and the lower plate portion, wherein, 'a gasket made of a resin having an electrical ...

LIQUID-ACTIVATED HYDROGEL BATTERY

Liquid-activated batteries and associated methods are disclosed. A liquid-activated battery may comprise a hydrogel permeated with electrolyte and an anode and a cathode in contact with the hydrogel. The hydrogel may become hydrated responsive to contact with a liquid. The hydrated hydrogel may support ionic communication between the anode and the cathode via the electrolyte. The liquid-activated battery may generate a voltage to power an electronic device due to the ionic communication. The hydrogel may be dehydrated such that ionic communication does not occur between the anode and the cathode. 1. A liquid-activated battery comprising:at least one hydrogel comprising at least one hydrophilic polymer and at least one electrolyte, the at least one hydrogel configured to recurrently alternate between a hydrated state responsive to contact with liquid and a dehydrated state responsive to an effective absence of liquid; andat least one anode and at least one cathode in contact with the at least one hydrogel;wherein ionic communication between the at least one anode and the at least one cathode via the at least one electrolyte is supported by the at least one hydrogel in the hydrated state and is not supported by the at least one hydrogel in the dehydrated state, the ionic communication generating an electric current for the battery.2. The liquid-activated battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrophilic polymer is polymethacrylate claim 1 , polyacrylate claim 1 , polymethacrylamide claim 1 , polyacrylamide claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , polyvinyl acetate claim 1 , cellulose or modified cellulose claim 1 , collagen or modified collagen claim 1 , polysaccharide claim 1 , modified polysaccharide claim 1 , polynucleotide claim 1 , polyelectrolyte claim 1 , polyhydroxy ethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. (canceled)4. The liquid-activated battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one anode comprises an anode material selected from ...

LAMINATED LITHIUM PRIMARY BATTERY

A laminated lithium primary battery is provided which can prevent battery life deterioration caused by moisture penetration from outside and in which safety and increase of battery capacity both can be realized. A lithium primary battery including: a sheet-like negative electrode made of lithium; a sheet-like positive electrode a sheet-like separator made of cellulose; non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution; a jacket made of laminate films (and ), an inside of the jacket is sealed by heat-sealing periphery of the laminate film stacked in an up-and-down direction; and an electrode assembly in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are stacked in the up-and-down direction having the separator therebetween, the sealed jacket accommodating the electrode assembly with the non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution. 1. A laminated lithium primary battery , comprising:a sheet-like negative electrode made of lithium;a sheet-like positive electrode;a sheet-like separator made of cellulose;non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution; 'an inside of the jacket is sealed by heat-sealing a periphery of the laminate film stacked in an up-and-down direction; and', 'a jacket made of laminate film,'} 'the sealed jacket accommodating the electrode assembly with the non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution.', 'an electrode assembly in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are stacked in the up-and-down direction having the separator therebetween,'}2. A laminated lithium primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of water in the jacket is between 300 ppm and 1000 ppm inclusive. The present application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-19301 filed on Feb. 3, 2015, which is herein incorporated by reference.1. Technical FieldThe invention relates to a laminated lithium primary battery in which the jacket made of laminate film accommodates an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly including negative electrode made ...

WATER-ACTIVATED POWER GENERATING DEVICE

A water-activated power generating device, comprising a first module () having a first electrode plate () and a second electrode plate (). The water-activated power generating device further comprises a first supporting structure (), a second supporting structure () and two water storage layers (). The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate of the water-activated power generating device are fixed with a first fixing component (), and a first insulating layer () is disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The water-activated power generating device further comprises a third electrode plate () and a fourth electrode plate (), wherein the third electrode plate is fixed on the first supporting structure () with a second fixing component (), and the fourth electrode plate () is fixed on the second supporting structure () with a third fixing component (). 1. A water-activated power generating device , comprising:a first module comprising a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, wherein the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are fixed with a first fixing component, and a first insulating layer is disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate;a first supporting structure for holding a third electrode plate;a second supporting structure for holding a fourth electrode plate,a first water storage layer; anda second water storage layer, wherein the first water storage layer is disposed between the third electrode plate and the second electrode plate and the second water storage layer is disposed between the first electrode plate and the fourth electrode plate.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the third electrode plate is fixed on the first supporting structure with a second fixing component claim 1 , and the fourth electrode plate is fixed on the second supporting structure with a third fixing component.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein a second insulating layer is ...

Zinc-Air Prismatic Battery Configuration

There is disclosed a cartridge for a portable electronic device power system configured as a flat, prismatic, air-breathing zinc-air battery comprising (a) an anode assembly having a structural backbone, current collectors, and a gel solution comprising a mixture of amalgamated zinc powder, aqueous potassium hydroxide and a gelling agent, (b) a porous separator sheet, and (c) an air-breathing cathode having an electrode impregnated with reductive catalyst, and (d) a serialized electrical connectivity path having low ohmic resistance characteristics. More specifically, there is disclosed a prismatic format, flat rectangular disposable primary battery having two or more zinc-air batteries connected in series, wherein each zinc air battery comprises: (a) an anode assembly having a structural backbone, current collectors, and a gel solution comprising a mixture of amalgamated zinc powder, aqueous potassium hydroxide and a gelling agent, (b) a porous separator sheet, and (c) a catalytically active oxygen-reductive cathode. 1. A cartridge for an electronic device power system configured as a flat , prismatic , air-breathing zinc-air battery comprising (a) an anode assembly having a structural backbone , current collectors , and a gel solution comprising a mixture of amalgamated zinc powder , aqueous potassium hydroxide and a gelling agent , (b) a thin porous separator sheet composed of non-woven cellulose , (c) a cathode capable of oxygen reduction , having an electrode impregnated with reductive catalyst , and (d) a serialized electrical connectivity path having low ohmic resistance characteristics.2. The cartridge for an electronic device power system of claim 1 , wherein the catalytically active oxygen-reduction cathode is made from nickel mesh claim 1 , expanded nickel claim 1 , or a metallic plate with holes or a metallic or conductive non-metallic woven mesh.3. The cartridge for an electronic device power system of claim 1 , wherein the anode current collectors are ...

A Method of forming a Graphene Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Junction

An apparatus including a first electrode including a substantially homogeneous mixture of graphene oxide and a proton conductor; a second electrode including reduced graphene oxide; and spaced-apart charge collectors for the respective first and second electrodes, wherein the first and second electrodes extend from their respective charge collectors towards one another to form a junction at an interface there between, and wherein the substantially homogeneous mixture of the first electrode is configured to be sufficiently hydrophobic to prevent intermixing of the homogeneous mixture with the reduced graphene oxide of the second electrode in proximity to one or both of the respective charge collectors to prevent short circuiting of the spaced-apart charge collectors. 1. An apparatus comprising:a first electrode comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of graphene oxide and a proton conductor;a second electrode comprising reduced graphene oxide; andspaced-apart charge collectors for the respective first and second electrodes, wherein the first and second electrodes extend from their respective charge collectors towards one another to form a junction at an interface therebetween, andwherein the substantially homogeneous mixture of the first electrode is configured to be sufficiently hydrophobic to prevent intermixing of the homogeneous mixture with the reduced graphene oxide of the second electrode in proximity to one or both of the respective charge collectors to prevent short circuiting of the spaced-apart charge collectors.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substantially homogeneous mixture comprises a substantially uniform distribution of graphene oxide and proton conductor throughout the volume of the mixture.3. The apparatus of or claim 1 , wherein the substantially homogeneous mixture comprises a ratio of graphene oxide to proton conductor of 1:9 claim 1 , 1:4 claim 1 , 3:7 claim 1 , 2:3 claim 1 , 1:1 claim 1 , 3:2 claim 1 , 7:3 claim 1 , 4:1 or 9:1 ...

ALKALINE DRY CELL

An alkaline dry cell includes a bottomed cylindrical cell case, a positive electrode packed in the cell case and is made of a stack of n pieces of hollow cylindrical pellets, a negative electrode disposed in a hollow portion of the pellets, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolytic solution. A thickness of a body portion of the cell case is 0.08 to 0.16 mm. “n” is an integer of 3 or more. An average density dof manganese dioxide in the n pellets is 2.80 to 3.00 g/cm. A density of manganese dioxide of at least one pellet positioned in a middle portion in a height direction of the stack is 2.75 g/cmor less. 1. An alkaline dry cell comprising:a bottomed cylindrical cell case;a positive electrode packed in the cell case, and is made of a stack of n pieces of hollow cylindrical pellets;a negative electrode disposed in a hollow portion of the pellets;a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; andan alkaline electrolytic solution,wherein a thickness of a body portion of the cell case is 0.08 to 0.16 mm,the positive electrode includes manganese dioxide and a conductive agent,n is an integer of 3 or more,{'sub': 'm', 'sup': '3', 'an average density dof manganese dioxide of the n pieces of the pellets is 2.80 to 3.00 g/cm, and'}{'sub': 'c', 'sup': '3', 'a density dof manganese dioxide of at least one pellet positioned in a middle portion in a height direction of the stack is 2.75 g/cmor less.'}2. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein n is an integer of 3 to 8. The present invention relates to an improvement of a positive electrode in an alkaline dry cell provided with a cell case having a body portion whose thickness is small.An alkaline dry cell has a large capacity, and from which a large electric current can be taken out. Therefore, the alkaline dry cell is widely used. In view of increasing a capacity, it is considered to be advantageous to reduce a ...

ALKALINE DRY CELL

An alkaline dry cell of the present invention includes: a positive electrode case having a nickel plating layer on its surface; a positive electrode provided in the positive electrode case; and a negative electrode provided in a hollow portion of the positive electrode with a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode case has a nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer and a carbon material layer which extend over the nickel plating layer on an inner surface of the positive electrode case, and the carbon material layer is formed after annealing of the alloy plating layer. The alloy plating layer has a thickness ranging from 0.05 μm to 0.4 μm, and a mass ratio of cobalt relative to a total amount of nickel and cobalt contained in the alloy plating layer ranges from 37% to 57%. 1. An alkaline dry cell comprising:a positive electrode case made of a nickel-plated steel plate having a nickel plating layer on a surface thereof;a positive electrode having a hollow cylindrical shape and provided in the positive electrode case; anda negative electrode provided in a hollow portion of the positive electrode with a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, whereinthe positive electrode case has a nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer and a carbon material layer which extend over the nickel plating layer on an inner surface of the positive electrode case,the carbon material layer is formed after annealing of the nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer,the nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer has a thickness ranging from 0.05 μm to 0.4 μm, anda mass ratio of cobalt relative to a total amount of nickel and cobalt contained in the nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer ranges from 37% to 57%.2. The alkaline dry cell of claim 1 , whereina relational expression, T≦−0.005C+0.575 is satisfied, where T (μm) is the thickness of the nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer, and C (%) is the mass ratio of cobalt ...

Sulfate and Sulfonate Based Surfactants for Alkaline Battery Anode

An anode composition, an alkali battery, a method of making a battery anode, and a method of making a battery, wherein the anode comprises a zinc or zinc alloy and a surfactant of formula (I): 2. The anode of claim 1 , wherein at least two of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare C-Calkyl or aryl.3. The anode of claim 1 , wherein n is an integer from 2 to 3.4. The anode of claim 1 , wherein n is 2.5. The anode of claim 1 , wherein n is 3.6. The anode of claim 1 , wherein M is an alkali metal.7. The anode of claim 6 , wherein M comprises sodium claim 6 , potassium claim 6 , or a combination thereof.8. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant of formula (I) is provided as a mixture of surfactants of formula (I) claim 1 , wherein for each surfactant x is an integer from 2 to 30.9. The anode of claim 8 , wherein for the mixture of surfactants of formula (I) claim 8 , the average x is an integer from 6 to 12.10. The anode of claim 1 , wherein y is null.11. The anode of claim 1 , wherein y is 1.12. The anode of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprises at least a Calkyl.13. The anode of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprises a Calkyl.14. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprises an aryl.15. The anode of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprises a Calkyl claim 1 , at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprises a Calkyl claim 1 , and at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprises a Calkyl.16. The anode of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprises a C-Calkyl claim 1 , and at least two of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rcomprise methyl or ethyl.17. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is provided in an amount in a range of about 15 ppm to about 45 ppm claim 1 , relative to the amount of zinc.18. An alkali battery comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an anode ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

An electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electrical energy includes a cathode with an active material of fluorinated carbon on a perforated metal cathode current collector, a lithium anode on a perforated metal anode current collector, a stepped header, a stable electrolyte, and a separator. In various embodiments, an anode current collector design, a cathode current collector design, a stepped header design, a cathode formulation, an electrolyte formulation, a separator, and a battery incorporating the electrochemical cell are provided. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises a cathode formulation comprising a cathode active material, a conductive carbon filler, and a binder, wherein the cathode formulation is disposed on a cathode current collector;an anode, wherein the anode comprises at least one lithium metal foil disposed on an anode current collector;a header, wherein the header comprises a stepped header, wherein the header includes at least two steps, wherein the first step is for ball seal requirements, and the second step is for glass sealing requirements; andan electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt in a mixed solvent;wherein the electrochemical cell has a swelling percentage of less than or equal to about 2 percent.2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material is CF claim 1 , conductive carbon filler is carbon black claim 1 , and binder is Teflon in a ratio of about 90:6:4.3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material is blended with a binder and conductive carbon to form a pellet claim 1 , and the pellet is disposed on the cathode current collector.4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode current collector comprises perforations.5. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the perforations comprise large circles and small circles.6. The electrochemical cell of claim 5 , wherein the average ...

Recycled Silver/Copper-Aluminum Battery

A new type of environmentally-friendly battery comprised primarily of recycled aluminum, silver, or copper is disclosed. The battery can be created from readily-available recycled materials and formed into different shapes and characteristics, as desired. 1. A battery comprising:a housing;an anode located within the housing and comprising at least 75% recycled aluminum;an electrolyte located within the housing; anda cathode located within the housing, wherein the cathode is selected from the group consisting of at least 75% recycled silver and at least 75% recycled copper.2. The battery of claim 1 , further comprising a salt bridge connecting the anode and the cathode.3. The battery of claim 1 , further comprising an insulating material located between the anode and the cathode.4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an acid-based solution comprising polyatomic ions and dissolved ionic compounds.5. The battery of claim 1 , further comprising:a negative terminal electrically connected to the anode; anda positive terminal electrically connected to the cathode.6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the housing is comprised of the anode.7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the housing is cylindrical in shape.8. A battery comprising:a housing;a first anode located within the housing and comprising at least 75% recycled aluminum;a first electrolyte located within the housing;a first cathode located within the housing, wherein the first cathode is selected from the group consisting of at least 75% recycled silver and at least 75% recycled copper;a second anode located within the housing and comprising at least 75% recycled aluminum;a second electrolyte located within the housing; anda second cathode located within the housing, wherein the second cathode is selected from the group consisting of at least 75% recycled silver and at least 75% recycled copper;wherein the first cathode is electrically connected to the second anode.9. The battery of claim 8 , further ...

PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY HAVING HIGH DISCHARGE EFFICIENCY

A primary lithium battery having high discharge efficiency, having a positive electrode plate, a separator, a lithium best negative electrode plate, and electrode tabs disposed on the positive electrode plate and the lithium belt negative electrode plate respectively; the positive electrode plate, the separator, and the lithium belt negative electrode plate are mutually wound together as a winding, wherein an end of the electrode tab of the positive electrode plate is used as a starting end of the winding; at a tad end of the winding, a reaction inhibiting region is provided on the lithium belt negative electrode plate; a polymer plastic tape is provided on the reaction inhibiting region; a groove is provided between the electrode tab of the lithium belt negative electrode plate and the polymer plastic tape to stop reaction. 1: A primary lithium battery comprising a positive electrode plate , a separator , a lithium belt negative electrode plate , and electrode tabs disposed on the positive electrode plate and the lithium belt negative electrode plate respectively; the positive electrode plate , the separator , and the lithium belt negative electrode plate are mutually wound together as a winding , wherein an end of the electrode tab of the positive electrode plate is used as a starting end of the winding;at a tail end of the winding, a reaction inhibiting region is provided on the lithium belt negative electrode plate; a polymer plastic tape is provided on the reaction inhibiting region;a groove is provided between the electrode tab of the lithium belt negative electrode plate and the polymer plastic tape.2: The primary lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer plastic tape is any one of a polyimide tape claim 1 , a polyolefin tape claim 1 , a polyester tape claim 1 , and a polyfluoro tape.3: The primary lithium battery of claim 2 , wherein an acrylic glue layer or a silica gel layer is provided between the polymer plastic tape and the lithium belt negative ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

An electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electrical energy includes a cathode with an active material of fluorinated carbon on a perforated metal cathode current collector, a lithium anode on a perforated metal anode current collector, a stepped header, a stable electrolyte, and a separator. In various embodiments, an anode current collector design, a cathode current collector design, a stepped header design, a cathode formulation, an electrolyte formulation, a separator, and a battery incorporating the electrochemical cell are provided. 1. A cell comprising:a housing; the peripheral edge including a plurality of partial perforations; and', 'the plate area including a plurality of interior perforations;, 'a cathode current collector, in the housing, including a cathode tab and a cathode plate, and the cathode tab including a tab area, and the cathode plate including a plate area and a peripheral edge that surrounds at least a portion of the plate area, and'}an anode current collector, in the housing, including an anode tab;an anode, in the housing, provided adjacent the anode current collector; anda cathode, in the housing, provided adjacent to the cathode current collector.2. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell is constructed of material so as to be configured to be an implantable in a human.3. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode current collector is constructed of at least one selected from the group consisting of stainless steel claim 1 , aluminum and titanium.4. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the plate area including a plurality of interior perforations claim 1 , the plurality of interior perforations including large perforations and small perforations claim 1 , and the small perforations being smaller than the large perforations.5. The cell according to claim 4 , wherein the large perforations are in the form of circles and the small perforations are in the form of circles.6. The cell according to claim 5 , ...

MANGANESE DIOXIDE AND ALKALINE DRY BATTERY

Disclosed is manganese dioxide having a peak intensity ratio between a peak intensity Iin a vicinity of 525 cmand a peak intensity Iin a vicinity of 580 cm: I/Iof 0.62 or less, when measured by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Also disclosed is an alkaline dry battery comprising: a cylindrical positive electrode having a hollow, the positive electrode including the foregoing manganese dioxide; a gelled negative electrode including a negative electrode active material filled in the hollow of the positive electrode; a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the gelled negative electrode; a negative electrode current collector inserted in the gelled negative electrode; a negative terminal plate electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector; and an electrolyte. 1. Manganese dioxide having a peak intensity ratio between a peak intensity I in a vicinity of 525 cmand a peak intensity I in a vicinity of 580 cm: I/Iof 0.62 or less , when measured by Raman scattering spectroscopy.2. The manganese dioxide in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the peak intensity ratio I/Iis 0.35 to 0.58.3. The manganese dioxide in accordance with having a particle size distribution in which a proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm or less claim 1 , is 5 vol % or less.4. The manganese dioxide in accordance with having a particle size distribution in which a proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm or less claim 1 , is 1.2 to 3.8 vol %.5. An alkaline dry battery comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a cylindrical positive electrode having a hollow, the positive electrode including the manganese dioxide in accordance with as a positive electrode active material,'}a gelled negative electrode including a negative electrode active material filled in the hollow of the positive electrode,a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the gelled negative electrode,a negative electrode current collector ...

ELECTRODE STRUCTURE, AIR CELL, AND AIR CELL STACK

An electrode structure includes a first electrode unit, a second electrode unit and a first insulating frame, in which the electrode units are adjacent to each other. The first insulating unit has an airflow space therein and includes an electrically conducive base with an airflow plane and an air cell cathode disposed on an outer surface of the airflow plane. The second insulating unit includes an electrically conductive base and an air cell anode disposed on an outer surface of the electrically conductive base. The first insulating frame spaces and joins the adjacent electrode units to each other such that the air cell cathode and the air cell anode of the adjacent electrode units are opposed to each other. The first insulating frame together with the adjacent electrode units forms an electrolytic solution container. 118.-. (canceled)19. An electrode structure , comprising:a first electrode unit having an airflow space therein and comprising an electrically conductive base with an airflow plane and an air cell cathode disposed on an outer surface of the airflow plane;a second electrode unit comprising an electrically conductive base and an air cell anode disposed on an outer surface of the electrically conductive base; and 'wherein the first and second electrode units are adjacent to each other, and', 'a first insulating frame,'}wherein the first insulating frame spaces and joins the adjacent electrode units to each other such that the air cell cathode and the air cell anode of the adjacent electrode units are opposed to each other, and the first insulating frame together with the adjacent electrode units forms an electrolytic solution container.20. The electrode structure according to claim 19 ,wherein the first electrode unit has the airflow space therein and comprises the electrically conductive base with the airflow plane and the air cell cathode disposed on a part of the outer surface of the airflow plane,the second electrode unit comprises the electrically ...

ALKALINE DRY BATTERY

An alkaline dry battery includes a bottomed cylindrical battery case; a positive electrode packed in the battery case and including n hollow cylindrical pellets; a negative electrode disposed in a hollow portion of the pellets; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an alkaline electrolytic solution. The positive electrode includes manganese dioxide and a conductive agent, n is an integer of 1 or more, and an average density of manganese dioxide of the positive electrode is 2.80 to 3.00 g/cm. The density dof manganese dioxide in the center portion in the height direction of the positive electrode is 98% or less of an average value dof density of manganese dioxide in each of both end portions. 1. An alkaline dry battery comprising:a bottomed cylindrical battery case;a positive electrode packed in the battery case and including n pieces of hollow cylindrical pellets;a negative electrode disposed in a hollow portion of the pellets;a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; andan alkaline electrolytic solution,wherein the positive electrode includes manganese dioxide and a conductive agent,n is an integer of 1 or more,{'sup': '3', 'an average density of manganese dioxide in the positive electrode is 2.80 to 3.00 g/cm, and'}{'sub': c', 'e, 'a density dof manganese dioxide in a center portion in a height direction of the positive electrode is 98% or less of an average value dof densities of manganese dioxide in both end portions in the height direction of the positive electrode.'}2. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the density dis 75% or more of the average value of densities d.3. An alkaline dry battery comprising:a bottomed cylindrical battery case;a positive electrode packed in the battery case and including n pieces of hollow cylindrical pellets;a negative electrode disposed in a hollow portion of the pellets;a separator interposed between the positive ...

LITHIUM PRIMARY BATTERY

A lithium primary battery including a negative electrode including metal lithium and/or a lithium alloy, a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode active material includes Fe(SO). The negative electrode has a coating layer on a facing surface facing the positive electrode, and the coating layer includes a powder or fibrous material. 2. The lithium primary battery of claim 1 , wherein the powder or fibrous material includes a conductive material.3. The lithium primary battery of claim 2 , wherein the conductive material includes a carbon material.4. The lithium primary battery of claim 3 , wherein the carbon material is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black and graphite.5. The lithium primary battery of claim 1 , wherein the separator includes a nonwoven fabric. The present invention relates to a lithium primary battery, and more particularly, mainly to improvement of high-temperature storage characteristics of a lithium primary battery.Lithium primary batteries have high electromotive force and a high energy density, and therefore are widely used as a main power source and a backup power source for electronic devices such as portable devices and vehicle-mounted electronic devices. In general, lithium primary batteries include a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material such as manganese dioxide and carbon fluoride, a negative electrode including lithium and/or a lithium alloy, a separator for separating the positive electrode from the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte that is in contact with the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator.It is considered that elution of metal ions (for example, Mnions) contained in a positive electrode active material (for example, MnO) occurs during storage of a lithium primary battery. ...

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BATTERY COMPONENTS

An apparatus for separating battery plates includes a work surface for receiving a stack of battery plates, and an alignment mechanism for aligning the battery plates on the work surface. The work surface is movable between a first position in which it is angled with respect to a horizontal plane and a second position in which it is substantially aligned with the horizontal plane. When the work surface moves between the first and second position adjacent battery plates of the stack are displaced relative to each other. 120-. (canceled)21. An apparatus for separating battery plates comprising:a work surface for receiving a stack of battery plates;a first displacement mechanism configured to shear the plates of the stack relative to each other in a first, substantially horizontal, direction; andan alignment mechanism for aligning the battery plates in a stack.22. An apparatus according to claim 21 , further comprising a second displacement mechanism configured to shear the plates of a stack relative to each other in a second direction.23. An apparatus according to claim 22 , wherein the second displacement mechanism is configured to shear the plates substantially horizontally claim 22 , in a direction opposite to that caused by the first displacement mechanism.24. An apparatus according to claim 21 , further comprising a third displacement mechanism claim 21 , wherein the third displacement mechanism is configured to shear the plates in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction claim 21 , such that the third displacement mechanism shears the plates substantially vertically.25. An apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein the third displacement mechanism comprises a mechanism for moving the work surface betweena first position in which it is angled with respect to a horizontal plane; anda second position in which it is substantially aligned with the horizontal plane.26. An apparatus according to claim 21 , wherein moving the work surface ...

FLUORINE-BASED CATHODE MATERIALS FOR THERMAL BATTERIES

A thermal battery can include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. A thermal battery can also include: an anode of lithium alloy; a metal-fluoride cathode having an oxide selected from VOor LiVO; and an electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode. In one aspect, a metal of the metal fluoride cathode includes Ni, Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Co, or mixture thereof. In one aspect, the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF, FeF, VF, CrF, MnF, CoF, or a mixture thereof. A method of providing electricity can include: providing an electronic device having a thermal battery with a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni and/or having an oxide selected from VOor LiVO; and discharging the thermal battery to provide electricity. 1. A thermal battery comprising:an anode of lithium alloy;a metal-fluoride cathode having Ni; andan electrolyte composition in contact with the anode and cathode.2. The battery in claim 1 , wherein is the lithium alloy is lithium-silicon claim 1 , lithium-aluminum claim 1 , lithium-tin claim 1 , or lithium-iron.3. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the anode material comprises 10%-50% electrolyte material.4. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF.5. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes NiF/Ni claim 1 , NiF/VO claim 1 , NiF/LiVO claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.6. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the cathode material comprises 5%-30% electrolyte material.7. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes a conductive carbon material therein.8. The battery in claim 7 , wherein the conductive carbon material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon claim 7 , graphite claim 7 , graphene claim 7 , carbon nanotube claim 7 , and combinations thereof.9. The battery in claim 1 , wherein the metal-fluoride cathode includes a conductive metal particle.10. The battery in ...

NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE PRIMARY BATTERY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery with improved storage properties at high temperatures and excellent reliability, and a method for producing the battery are provided. The nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery includes a negative electrode containing metallic lithium or a lithium alloy, a positive electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains at least LiClOas an electrolyte and 0.1 to 5% by mass of LiB(CO). 1. A nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery comprising:a negative electrode containing metallic lithium or a lithium alloy;a positive electrode;a separator; anda nonaqueous electrolyte solution,{'sub': 4', '2', '4', '2, 'wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains at least LiClOas an electrolyte and 0.1 to 5% by mass of LiB(CO).'}2. The nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a content of LiClOin the nonaqueous electrolyte solution is 0.3 to 1 mol/l.3. The nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a proportion of LiB(CO)in a total amount of LiClOand LiB(CO)in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution is 3 to 20 mol %.4. A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery comprising:placing a negative electrode containing metallic lithium or a lithium alloy, a positive electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution inside an outer package,{'sub': 4', '2', '4', '2, 'wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains at least LiClOas an electrolyte and 0.1 to 5% by mass of LiB(CO).'}5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein a content of LiClOin the nonaqueous electrolyte solution is 0.3 to 1 mol/l.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein a proportion of LiB(CO)in a total amount of LiClOand LiB(CO)in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution is 3 to 20 mol %.7. The nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery according to claim 2 , wherein a proportion of LiB(CO)in a total amount of LiClOand LiB(CO)in the ...

PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY HAVING A DME-FREE ELECTROLYTE

A DME-free lithium battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a liquid electrolyte composed of a solvent and at least one lithium electrolyte salt and with which the electrode and the separator are impregnated, wherein the solvent includes propylene carbonate (PC) as a first solvent component and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) as a second solvent component, and the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode have a proportion of carbon black having a BET surface area of at least 1 m/g. 2. The battery according to claim 1 , whereinthe solvent comprises the PC in a proportion of 30% by volume to 60% by volume and the DOL in a proportion of 40% by volume to 70% by volume.3. The battery according to claim 1 , whereinthe solvent further comprises ethylene carbonate (EC) as a third solvent component, andthe solvent comprises the PC in a proportion of 10% by volume to 60% by volume, the DOL in a proportion of 50% by volume to 70% by volume, and the EC in a proportion of 0% by volume to 50% by volume.4. The battery according to claim 2 , whereinthe solvent further comprises ethylene carbonate (EC) as a third solvent component, andthe solvent comprises the PC in a proportion of 10% by volume to 60% by volume, the DOL in a proportion of 50% by volume to 70% by volume, and the EC in a proportion of 0% by volume to 50% by volume.5. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': '4', 'the electrolyte comprises lithium perchlorate (LiClO) as the at least one electrolyte salt, and'}{'sub': '4', 'LiClOis present in the electrolyte in a concentration of 5% by weight to 17% by weight.'}6. The battery according to claim 2 , wherein{'sub': '4', 'the electrolyte comprises lithium perchlorate (LiClO) as the at least one electrolyte salt, and'}{'sub': '4', 'LiClOis present in the electrolyte in a concentration of 5% by weight to 17% by weight.'}7. The battery according to claim 3 , wherein{' ...

ELECTRODE STRUCTURE, AIR CELL, AND AIR CELL STACK

An electrode structure includes a first electrode unit, a second electrode unit and a first insulating frame, in which the electrode units are adjacent to each other. The first insulating unit has an airflow space therein and includes an electrically conducive base with an airflow plane and an air cell cathode disposed on an outer surface of the airflow plane. The second insulating unit includes an electrically conductive base and an air cell anode disposed on an outer surface of the electrically conductive base. The first insulating frame spaces and joins the adjacent electrode units to each other such that the air cell cathode and the air cell anode of the adjacent electrode units are opposed to each other. The first insulating frame together with the adjacent electrode units forms an electrolytic solution container. 1. An electrode structure , comprising:a first electrode unit having an airflow space therein and comprising an electrically conductive base with an airflow plane and an air cell cathode disposed on an outer surface of the airflow plane;a second electrode unit comprising an electrically conductive base and an air cell anode disposed on an outer surface of the electrically conductive base;at least one third electrode unit disposed between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit, having an airflow space therein and comprising an electrically conductive base with an airflow plane, an air cell cathode disposed on an outer surface of the airflow plane and an air cell anode disposed on an outer surface of a plane opposite the airflow plane; anda first insulating frame, the number of which is larger than the number of the third electrode unit by one,wherein the first, second and third electrode units are adjacent to each other, andthe first insulating frame spaces and joins adjacent electrode units to each other such that an air cell cathode and an air cell anode of the adjacent electrode units are opposed to each other, and the first ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH IMPROVED HIGH-RATE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE

An alkaline electrochemical cell has a central cathode having a corresponding cathode current collector electrically connected with a positive terminal of the electrochemical cell. The cathode current collector has a tubular shape, such as a cylindrical shape or rectangular shape, extending parallel with the length of the central cathode. The cathode current collector is embedded within the central cathode, such as at a medial point of a radius of the central cathode, thereby minimizing the distance between the cathode current collector and any portion of the central cathode, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the cathode and facilitating charge transfer to the cathode current collector. 1. An alkaline electrochemical cell comprising:a container; andan anode ring positioned within the container and defining an opening therein, wherein the anode ring comprises a zinc active material;an inner cathode positioned within the opening of the anode, wherein the inner cathode comprises a manganese oxide active material;a cathode current collector comprising a conducting tube positioned within the inner cathode, wherein the cathode current collector is electrically connected with a positive terminal of the electrochemical cell; anda separator positioned between the anode ring and the inner cathode.2. The alkaline electrochemical cell of claim 1 , further comprising an outer cathode ring positioned between an outer surface of the anode ring and an interior surface of the container.3. The alkaline electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the cathode current collector is in electrical contact with the container via a conductive tab.4. The alkaline electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the conducting tube comprises a conducting mesh material.5. The alkaline electrochemical cell of claim 4 , wherein the conducting tube comprises a nickel mesh material.6. The alkaline electrochemical cell of claim 5 , wherein the nickel mesh material has a graphite coating.7. The ...

GELED ANODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND THIS ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL CONTAINING

Lithium base electrochemical generator

AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR WITH A NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE AND A NEGATIVE ELECTRODE, WHICH MAINLY CONTAINS LITHIUM. THE POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL COMPRISES AT LEAST A FLUORINATED HYDROCARBON POLYMER AND A COMPOUND WHICH CAB BE REDUCED TO THE METALLIC STATE WHEN DISCHARGE OCCURS AND PREFERABLY HAVING A VALUE IN THE DISCHARGED STATE IN THE VICINITY OF THAT OF THE FLUORINATED POLYMER. THE SOLVENT OF THE ELECTROLYTE IS A MIXTURE OF TETRAHYDROFURANDIMETHOXYETHANE OR TETRAHYDROFURAN-DIMETHYLETHER OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, OR DIOXOLANE.

Primary electric current-producing dry cell using a (CFx)n cathode and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte

Primary electric current-producing dry cell comprising a zinc anode, a cathode composed of a polycarbonfluoride compound (CF x ) n and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte.

Cathode material and method of manufacturing

A cathode material for a lithium primary battery can include a low surface area lithiated manganese dioxide, a mixture of lithiated manganese dioxide and CF x , or both. The cathode materials can provide high capacity and voltage with low gassing.

Lithium-fluorinated graphite cell

Solid state electrochemical current source

A cathode and a solid state electrochemical cell comprising said cathode, a solid anode and solid fluoride ion conducting electrolyte. The cathode comprises a metal oxide and a compound fluoride containing at least two metals with different valences. Representative compound fluorides include solid solutions of bismuth fluoride and potassium fluoride; and lead fluoride and potassium fluoride. Representative metal oxides include copper oxide, lead oxide, manganese oxide, vanadium oxide and silver oxide.

Carbon Monofluoride Cathode Materials Providing Simplified Elective Replacement Indication

An electrochemical cell includes an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte operatively associated with the anode and the cathode. The cathode comprises a blend of a first electrochemically active fluorinated carbon material and one or more additional electrochemically active fluorinated carbon materials. The fluorinated carbon materials provide an electrochemical cell voltage characteristic that may be used to predict remaining energy capacity as the electrochemical cell discharges during service. Advantageously, the cathode does not require other electrochemically active materials to achieve the desired voltage characteristic, thereby preserving the favorable energy density properties of fluorinated carbon.

Patent FR2127399A5

電池

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

電解液用溶媒

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

一种碱锰电池的锰环压环装置

本发明涉及碱性锌锰电池制造领域，尤其涉及一种碱锰电池的锰环压环装置，包括成型器、粗坯环成型机构和挤压排湿机构；成型器呈筒状且其中部设置有中心柱；在中心柱的中部设置有排湿通道，在中心柱上设置有若干与排湿通道连通的细孔；挤压排湿机构包括第二安装座、第三液压器、连接杆、基座、加热座和挤压套；通过多次挤压，能够形成密度和硬度达标的锰环结构，并且由于采用多次挤压，能够减少粉料中的夹杂的气体对挤压的影响；另外，采用了加热排湿的结构，使得正极粉末在调配时能够使用更高的湿度，从而有助于减小正极粉环达到指定硬度时所需要的压力。

一种基于氟碳化物电极的一次热电池及其制备方法

本发明属于电化学技术领域，具体为一种基于氟碳化物（0<氟碳摩尔比<2）电极的一次热电池及其制备方法。该电池由氟碳电极，锂或锂合金负极，高温电解质等部分组成。氟碳电极材料具有高工作电压，高热稳定性和导电性，高理论容量,价格低廉等优点。本发明所提出的氟碳热电池，可在200‑750℃下工作，是一种新型可靠易推广的高能量密度电池体系。

Button-type alkaline battery

Manufacture of nonaqueous-electrolyte battery

一种电极活性材料及制备方法和锂一次电池

本发明公开了一种电极活性材料及制备方法和锂一次电池，其中，电极活性材料的制备方法包括：将氟化石墨分散于溶剂后加入机械化学反应设备，经剪切和剥离，得到氟化石墨烯；氧化石墨烯溶液中加入双氧水得到混合溶液，在搅拌状态下通入臭氧，在紫外光辐照下反应得到多孔氧化石墨烯；将氟化石墨烯与多孔氧化石墨烯通过搅拌分散的方式得到混合物，经抽滤后干燥还原得到电极活性材料。本发明的电极活性材料制得的锂一次电池的电极保持高能量密度的同时兼具高功率密度。

Manufacture of nonaqueous electrolyte cell

Flat battery

Lithium primary battery having inorganic coating layer with excellent thermal stability

초기 방전 과정에서 발생되는 초기전압 지연 현상을 극복하는 것이 가능하도록 설계된 열안정성이 우수한 무기물 코팅층을 갖는 리튬일차전지에 대하여 개시한다. 본 발명에 따른 열안정성이 우수한 무기물 코팅층을 갖는 리튬일차전지는 상측이 개방되며, 내부에 전해액이 함침되는 케이스; 상기 케이스의 내부에 배치된 리튬 음극; 상기 케이스의 내부에서, 상기 리튬 음극과 대면하도록 배치된 양극; 상기 리튬 음극 및 양극 사이에 배치된 세퍼레이터; 및 상기 케이스의 상측을 덮어 밀봉하는 헤더;를 포함하며, 상기 리튬 음극은 리튬 금속층과, 상기 리튬 금속층의 표면을 덮는 무기물 코팅층을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. Disclosed is a lithium primary battery having an inorganic coating layer having excellent thermal stability designed to overcome the initial voltage delay phenomenon generated in the initial discharge process. The lithium primary battery having an inorganic coating layer having excellent thermal stability according to the present invention is a case in which the upper side is opened and an electrolyte is impregnated therein; A lithium negative electrode disposed inside the case; A positive electrode disposed inside the case to face the lithium negative electrode; A separator disposed between the lithium negative electrode and the positive electrode; And a header covering and sealing the upper side of the case, wherein the lithium negative electrode includes a lithium metal layer and an inorganic coating layer covering a surface of the lithium metal layer.

化学電池

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一种用于锂-氟化碳电池的宽温域电解液

本发明属于电化学技术领域，具体为一种用于锂‑氟化碳电池的宽温域电解液。本发明的宽温域电解液，主要以丁酸甲酯与碳酸丙烯酯作为溶剂，以锂盐作为溶质。该电解质溶液熔点低，沸点高，在‑110℃至150℃的宽温度范围内保持为液态，可应用于较宽的温度区间。本发明提供的宽温域电解液，与传统电解液相比，在较低温度（‑80℃）与较高温度（100℃）下仍表现出较高的离子电导率和稳定性。将本发明提供的电解液应用到锂‑氟化碳一次电池，体系在较宽温度范围内下表现出优异的比容量、倍率性能和功率性能。

リチウム電池

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Button-type silver cell

Nonaqueous electrolyte battery

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一种降低自放电程度的复合正极材料及制备方法和应用

本发明公开了一种降低自放电程度的复合正极材料，由热电池活性正极材料、极性亲硫固定材料、含钾电解质和高电导率导电剂制成，且上述原料的质量比为：热电池活性正极材料:极性亲硫固定材料:含钾电解质:高电导率导电剂＝50～90:2～40:10～30:0.1～5。本发明制备方法能够降低自放电程度的热电池用复合正极材料的性能优异，一致性高，制得的复合正极材料能显著降低热电池正极材料在小电流密度下的自放电程度，可以显著减少在较低电流密度下因热电池硫化物正极自放电导致的容量损耗，从而提高热电池正极在较低电流密度下的输出比容量，显著延长工作时间，适用于长时间工作的热电池。

Nonaqueous electrolyte battery

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Nonaqueous electrolyte battery

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Metal electrode box and metal-air battery

本发明提供能够容易地对配线部的故障进行修理的金属空气电池。本发明提供一种金属电极盒，其特征在于，具有第一操作部、以及从第一操作部伸出的第一插入部，第一插入部具备包含金属作为电极活性物质的第一燃料极，第一操作部具备与第一燃料极电连接的第一燃料极端子和第一空气极连接部，第一空气极连接部具备第一内部连接端子和第一外部连接端子。

Lithium-iodide solid electrolyte cell

Battery with nonaqueous electrolyte

Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

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Cylindrical alkaline dry battery

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Organic electrolyte battery

Divalent silver oxide battery

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Spiral electrode for cylinder type nonaqueous electrolyte cell

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Organic-solvent battery

Flat type organic electrolyte battery

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Primary cell

Spiral lithium battery

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Nonaqueous cell having an electrolyte containing sulfolane or an alkyl-substituted derivative thereof

The long-shelf life high-energy nonaq. battery comprises a highly active metal anode, such as Li, a solid cathode, such as fluorinated graphite, CuS, or the like, and a liq. org. electrolyte consisting essentially of sulfolane or its liq. alkyl-substituted derivs. in combination with a low-viscosity cosolvent, such as dioxolane, and an ionizing solute, such as LiClO4.

Organic electrolyte cell

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Nonaqueous electrolyte cell

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Lithium primary battery

本发明涉及一种锂一次电池，其具有正极、负极、介于正极和负极之间的隔膜和非水电解液。正极含有氟化碳作为正极活性物质，负极含有锂金属作为负极活性物质。氟化碳含有未氟化的碳成分。进而氟化碳的(001)面的面间距为 而且氟化碳的(001)面的X射线衍射峰值相对于未氟化的碳成分的002)面的X射线衍射峰值之比为30～50。

Organic electrolyte cell

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Nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery

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Alkaline battery

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Manganese dry cell

Nonaqueous electrolyte cell

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