Data processing method and device, routing equipment and storage medium

The embodiment of the invention discloses a data processing method and device, routing equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: receiving an obtaining request of a data calling party for target object data, and querying the target routing information of the target object data; if the target routing information is queried, sending a device identifier of a first node device in the node device set to a data calling party, so that the data calling party obtains target object data from the local of the first node device; when the target routing information is not queried, sending a device identifier of a second node device in the node device set to a data calling party, so that the data calling party obtains target object data through the second node device; in the embodiment of the invention, the target object data is obtained from the object storage engine by the second node equipment and sent to the data calling party, and the second node equipment caches the target ...

Data transmission method, apparatus, and device

Based on this application, one or more parameters for a multipath connection in a redundant transmission mode that are used to represent path characteristics are measured in the redundant transmission mode, and the one or more parameters are compared with a parameter that is measured in a multipath transmission mode and that is used to represent a path characteristic of an aggregated path of the connection at this time.

Fast reroute for BUM traffic in ethernet virtual private networks

Techniques are described for providing fast reroute for BUM traffic in EVPN. For example, a first provider edge (PE) device, elected as a designated forwarder (DF) of an Ethernet segment, configures a backup path using a label received from a second PE device of the Ethernet segment (e.g., backup DF) that identifies the second PE device as a “protector” of the Ethernet segment. For example, a routing component of the DF configures within a forwarding component a backup path to the second PE device, e.g., installing the label and operation(s) within the forwarding component to cause the forwarding component to add the label to BUM packets received from a core network. Therefore, when an access link to the local CE device has failed, the DF reroutes BUM packets from the core network via the backup path to the second PE device, which sends the BUM packets to the CE device.

Apparatuses and methods for supporting class-based scheduling in a time-sensitive networking (TSN) network

An apparatus connected to a Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) switch in a TSN network is provided. The apparatus includes a transceiver, a storage medium, and a controller. The storage medium stores a first mapping of a traffic class to a time slot, and a second mapping of a frame type of a TSN stream to the traffic class. The controller is coupled to the transceiver and the storage medium, and is configured to determine a routing path and a Gate Control List (GCL) corresponding to the TSN stream based on a network topology of the TSN network, the first mapping, and the second mapping, and deploy the GCL to each TSN switch in the routing path via the transceiver.

MULTI-TIERED CLOS NETWORK FABRIC REVERSE PATH FORWARDING DEVICE SELECTION

A method for reverse path forwarding (RPF) selection by a network device connected to a network includes receiving an advertisement message from each of a plurality of neighbor devices within the network, parsing the advertisement message to determine a color identification (ID) of each of the neighbor devices, and selecting, from among the neighbor devices, a RPF device based on the color ID of each of the neighbor devices.

OPTIMIZING INFORMATION RELATED TO A ROUTE AND/OR A NEXT HOP FOR MULTICAST TRAFFIC

Method for integrating interface device into network

The invention relates to a method for integrating interface devices (110, 210, 310, 410) into a network (100), the network having at least one software-based central control unit (120, 220, 320, 420), which logically separates a data level (150) from a control level (140) by means of a plurality of interface devices, the method comprises: receiving, at an interface of an interface device (210, 310, 410), a first identification message (370, 380, 470, 480) of the central controller (220, 320, 420); checking whether an earlier identification message (360, 460) has been received at another interface of the interface device within a specified time period prior to receiving the first identification message (370, 380, 470, 480); and forwarding the first identification message (480a, 480b) to all network subscribers connected to the interface device if an earlier identification message has not been received at another interface within the specified time period.

Instant messaging method and device, service node and computer readable storage medium

The invention provides an instant messaging method, which is applied to a first service node and comprises the following steps of: receiving data sent to a second client by a first client; searching a local client routing table to determine a service node connected with the second client; and if the second client is connected with a second service node, forwarding the data to the second service node so that the second service node sends the data to the second client, thereby quickly finding the service node connected with the target client. And the network pressure caused by the broadcast data and the pressure of the server are reduced.

Message forwarding method and device

The invention provides a message forwarding method and device, and belongs to the technical field of communication. According to the method and the device, the characteristic that the message in the BIERv6 or the BIER MPLS contains the hop-by-hop change information is utilized, the hop-by-hop change information in the BIER message and the information specially used for load sharing in the BIER message are combined, the new load sharing factor is regenerated, then the new load sharing factor is used for load sharing, and the load sharing efficiency is improved. According to the load sharing method, the change information of each hop in the BIER forwarding process is added to serve as the composition item of the load sharing factors, so that the load sharing factors used by each hop of BFR are different, the load sharing balance is improved, the problem of uneven load sharing is solved, and the load sharing effect is improved.

Ad hoc wireless mesh network

Provided is process of operating a wireless device configured to act as a node in an ad hoc multi-hop mobile network, the process including: snooping, with a wireless device, a packet transmitted from a sending node to a receiving node in a multi-hop wireless connection, the sending node and the receiving node being in a different location; extracting from the snooped packet an identifier of the sending node and an identifier of the receiving node; determining based on the identifier of the sending node, the identifier of the receiving node, and a record in memory of the wireless device that the wireless device is part of a multi-hop wireless connection including the sending node and the receiving node; determining that a signal strength of a signal conveying the snooped packet exceeds a threshold; and transmitting a kill packet to the sending node and the receiving node that reconfigures the multi-hop wireless connection to bypass the receiving node.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MULTICAST COMMUNICATION SESSION MANAGEMENT

A computing device may receive a request to join a multicast of content. The request may comprise a user device identifier associated with the user device. The computer device may receive a second request to leave the multicast of the content. The second request may comprise the user device identifier. The computing device may determine a quantity of data received by the user device from the multicast of the content. The computing device may determine the quantity of data received based on the request and the second request. The computing device may apply the quantity of data to an account associated with the user device.

MULTICAST-ONLY THIN DODAG IN LOW POWER AND LOSSY NETWORK

In one embodiment, a method comprises: generating, by a constrained low power and lossy network (LLN) device that is localized within a subregion of an LLN, a thin destination oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG) having up to a prescribed limit of attached LLN devices at each hop of the thin DODAG based on generating a DODAG information object (DIO) message specifying an instruction for limiting attachment at each hop of the thin DODAG to the prescribed limit; and causing, by the constrained LLN device, multicast-only transmissions via the thin DODAG based on inserting into the DIO message a multicast-only transmission mode via the thin DODAG and outputting the DIO message, the DIO message causing each neighboring LLN device to selectively attach to the constrained LLN device as an attached child LLN device based on the instruction and execute the multicast-only transmissions via the thin DODAG.

Methodology for efficient upstream multicast in PON networks

Systems and methods for efficient upstream multicast in passive optical networks. An upstream multicast source communicates an upstream multicast packet to the network. Subsequent downstream packet management achieved through use of source filters prevents a reflected copy of the original upstream multicast packets from being received by the upstream multicast source.

System and method for preventing switch loops in layer-2 networks

Described herein are systems and methods for preventing switch loops in a layer 2 network. A method can provide, at a computer including a microprocessor, two or more virtual local area networks (VLANs), each VLAN comprising a number of bridges, a plurality of end nodes connected to the two or more VLANs via a plurality of network interface cards (NICs). The method can connect two of the plurality of nodes to two of the VLANs via two or more tunnels. The method can receive a first instance of a broadcast packet at a bridge of a VLAN, and then receive a second instance of the broadcast packet is the bridge of the VLAN. Upon the second instance of the broadcast packet being received within a configured time period, the method can drop the second instance of the broadcast packet.

System and method for facilitating efficient address translation in a network interface controller (NIC)

A network interface controller (NIC) capable of facilitating efficient memory address translation is provided. The NIC can be equipped with a host interface, a cache, and an address translation unit (ATU). During operation, the ATU can determine an operating mode. The operating mode can indicate whether the ATU is to perform a memory address translation at the NIC. The ATU can then determine whether a memory address indicated in the memory access request is available in the cache. If the memory address is not available in the cache, the ATU can perform an operation on the memory address based on the operating mode.

METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM FOR MULTICAST COMMUNICATION IN A CONTAINERIZED ENVIRONMENT

A method for execution by a processor of a host having an external interface for connection to at least one other network element of a packet-based data network, the host storing a routing table and implementing a container connected to a bridge, the container being addressable by an internal address on a bridge network associated with the bridge. The method includes obtaining an indication of a request for the container to join a multicast group. In response to the obtaining, a request is sent via the external interface for the host to join the multicast group. The routing table may be modified so as to make the bridge a next hop for future packets obtained from the external interface and destined for the multicast group. The routing table may also be modified so as to make the external interface a next hop for future packets that are obtained from the bridge, whose source address is the internal address of the container and that are destined for the multicast group. The method also includes ...

MULTICAST COMMUNICATION METHOD AND RELATED APPARATUS

A multicast communication method is applied to a software-defined wide area network SD-WAN. In the multicast communication method, a bit index explicit replication (Bit Index Explicit Replication, BIER) capability is deployed on site devices in the SD-WAN, a BIER header in a multicast packet indicates a site device that a multicast packet needs to pass through, and no multicast distribution tree need to be constructed. In addition, the multicast packet is forwarded through an SD-WAN tunnel between site devices, and an intermediate node does not need to sense a multicast service, to reduce a quantity of multicast table entries on a network device and accelerate convergence of the multicast table entries, so that normal running of the multicast service is ensured.

DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD AND DEVICE

SOURCE-ACTIVE COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED MULTICASTING

Bier Multicast Traffic Statistics Collection Method, Device, and System

This application provides a BIER multicast traffic statistics collection method, a device, and a system. The method includes: A first network device obtains a first BIER packet. The first network device performs traffic statistics collection on the first BIER packet based on multicast flow information, to obtain a traffic statistics collection result of the first BIER packet, where the multicast flow information is used to identify a multicast flow to which the first BIER packet belongs. The first network device sends the multicast flow information and the traffic statistics collection result of the first BIER packet to a controller.

Systems and methods for encrypting data in transit

Disclosed herein are embodiments of systems, methods, and products comprising a computing device, which provides Efficient Data-In-Transit Protection Techniques for Handheld Devices (EDITH) to protect data-in-transit. An end user device (EUD) may generate a multicast data packet. The EDITH module of the EUD encapsulates the data packet in a GRE packet and directs the GRE packet to a unicast destination address of an EDITH Multicast Router included in an infrastructure. The EDITH module on the EUD double compresses and double encrypts the GRE packet. The EDITH module on the infrastructure decrypts and decompresses the double compressed and double encrypted GRE packet to recreate the GRE packet. The EDITH module on the infrastructure decapsulates the GRE packet to derive the original multicast data packet, and distributes the original multicast data packet to the multiple group member based on the multicast destination address included in the original multicast data packet.

Multicast group creation method, multicast group joining method, and apparatus

A multicast group creation method, a multicast group joining method, and an apparatus, where the multicast group creation method includes: a user multicast source terminal sending a first request message to a first control plane network element to request creation of a multicast group; the first control plane network element sending a second request message to a second control plane network element to request creation of the multicast group; the second control plane network element determining that a next-hop user plane network element of the second user plane network element is a first user plane network element, and then sending information about the first user plane network element to the first control plane network element, which indicates the second user plane network element to send a multicast packet received from the terminal to the first user plane network element.

EFFICIENT MULTICAST PACKET FORWARDING IN A DISTRIBUTED TUNNEL FABRIC

A system for efficient multicast control packet forwarding is provided. During operation, the system can maintain a first tunnel between a first switch and a second switch in an overlay tunnel fabric. The encapsulation of a packet sent via the overlay tunnel fabric is initiated and terminated within the overlay tunnel fabric. The system can maintain a second tunnel between the first switch and a third switch, which can be in an external network that excludes the first and second switches. The switch can distinguish the first and second tunnels as intra-fabric and inter-fabric tunnels, respectively. Upon receiving a multicast control packet via the first tunnel, the system can identify the second tunnel as the inter-fabric tunnel and forward the multicast control packet via the second tunnel. Here, a respective multicast control packet received from the first tunnel can be precluded from being forwarded on intra-fabric tunnels.

MULTICAST PACKET SENDING METHOD AND DEVICE

This application relates to the field of communications technologies, and provides a multicast packet sending method and an apparatus. In the method, a first node obtains a first multicast packet including multicast routing information of a second node, and sends the first multicast packet to the second node. The second node is a non-leaf subnode of the first node in a multicast tree. Multicast routing information of a node includes a multicast routing identifier of the node and multicast routing information of a non-leaf subnode of the node in the multicast tree. A multicast routing identifier of a node is used by the node to determine a subnode of the node in the multicast tree. The multicast routing information is embedded in the multicast packet, and multicast routing information of a tree recursive structure included in the multicast packet can describe packet forwarding information of the multicast tree or a subtree of the multicast tree. Therefore, scalability is good, and a forwarding ...

MULTI-LINK GROUP ADDRESSED TRAFFIC TRANSMISSION METHOD AND APPARATUS

This application is applicable to a multi-link group addressed traffic transmission method and an apparatus. A first access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) sends group addressed traffic indication information indicating whether each AP of other APs of the AP MLD has a group addressed traffic, so that a station (STA) can learn whether the multiple APs have a group addressed traffic. In this way, each STA of the STA MLD does not need to listen to each AP whether each AP has a group addressed traffic. This reduces power consumption of the STA MLD. This application may be applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be.

Multi-cast support for a virtual network

Described herein are systems and methods for supporting multicast for virtual networks. In some embodiments, a native multicast approach can utilized in which packet replication is performed on a host node of a virtual machine (VM) with a multicast data packet encapsulated in uniquely address unicast packets. In some embodiments, a network virtual appliance can be utilized. A multicast packet sent from the VM can be unicasted to the network virtual appliance. The multicast appliance can then replicate the packet into multiple copies and send the packets to the receivers in the virtual network as unicast data packets encapsulating the multicast packet.

Supporting unknown unicast traffic using policy-based encryption virtualized networks

Certain embodiments described herein are generally directed to enabling a group of host machines within a network to securely communicate an unknown unicast packet. In some embodiments, a key policy is defined exclusively for the secure communication of unknown unicast packets. The key policy is transmitted by a central controller to the group of host machines for negotiating session keys among each other when communicating unknown unicast packets.

Intelligent control plane communication

A control node and/or a storage processing node maybe configured to modify a control path between a control node and storage processing node to include at least a portion of a data fabric and another processing node. Control communications may be sent over the data fabric by encapsulating control information that is configured in accordance with a first technology of the control fabric within communications configured in accordance with a second technology of the data fabric. Control switching logic may include logic to switch to a modified control path that includes at least a portion of a data fabric: in response to a failure of the control path; to load balance management activity; and/or improve QoS of management activity.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING MULTICAST DATA PACKET

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BEARING MULTICAST VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

Communication system, method and related device

The embodiment of the invention provides a communication system, a communication method and a related device. The system comprises a plurality of nodes, each node is provided with a center unit and a plurality of branch connection units, each branch connection unit is connected with the center unit of the node through the same bus, and each branch connection unit is connected to each node except the node. The method based on the system comprises the following steps: receiving target data from a first node through a first sub-connection unit of a second node; transmitting the target data from the first sub-connection unit to each sub-connection unit connected to the same bus through the central unit of the second node; and determining a transmission path of the target data based on the next node information through each branch connection unit of the second node. According to the invention, efficient data transmission among multiple nodes can be realized, the data transmission efficiency ...

VPWS signaling using segment routing

Systems and methods include obtaining a plurality of services supported at the node; determining a bitmask to represent the plurality of services supported at the node, wherein the bitmask includes a starting service and each subsequent bit representing another service of the plurality of services and with each bit in the bitmask set based on the plurality of services supported at the node; and transmitting an advertisement to nodes in the Segment Routing network with a starting Service SID value and the bitmask based on the plurality of services supported at the node. The plurality of services can include any of a Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and a Flexible Cross Connect (FXC) service.

COMMUNICATION CONTROL METHOD

A communication control method used in a mobile communication system for providing an MBS includes configuring, by abase station, for a user equipment, a multicast broadcast service (MBS) bearer split into a point-to-point (PTP) communication path and a point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication path, and transmitting, by the base station, to the user equipment, an indication of individually activating or deactivating the PTP communication path and the PTM communication path.

WIDE AREA NETWORKING SERVICE USING PROVIDER NETWORK BACKBONE NETWORK

An indication of a set of premises between which network traffic is to be routed via a private fiber backbone of a provider network is obtained. Respective virtual routers are configured for a first premise and a second premise, and connectivity is established between the virtual routers and routing information sources at the premises. Contents of at least one network packet originating at the first premise are transmitted to the second premise via the private fiber backbone using routing information obtained at the virtual routers from the routing information source at the second premise.

Slice-based routing

In a slice-based network, switches can be programmed to perform routing functions based on a slice identifier. The switch can receive a packet and determine a slice identifier for the packet based on packet header information. The switch can use the slice identifier to determine a next hop. Using the slice identifier with a multi-path table, the switch can select an egress interface for sending the packet to the next hop. The multi-path table can ensure that traffic for a slice stays on the same interface link to the next hop, even when a link aggregation group (“LAG”) is used for creation of a virtual channel across multiple interfaces or ports.

Remote control system and method

Provided is a remote control system and a method enabling packets, related to a control signal and simultaneously transmitted from a controller to a plurality of controlled devices, to be received by the controlled devices without a difference in delay. Edge nodes that are packet transfer devices are provided on communication paths between a controller provided on a network and a plurality of controlled devices provided in a location. The edge nodes each include a transfer processing unit that transfers the packets from the controller to the controlled devices, and a timing control unit that controls transmission timing of the packets in the transfer processing unit to reduce a difference in arrival time of a plurality of packets simultaneously transmitted from the controller to the plurality of controlled devices, at the plurality of controlled devices.

System and method for facilitating self-managing reduction engines

A switch equipped with a self-managing reduction engine is provided. During operation, the reduction engine can use a timeout mechanism to manage itself in different latency-induced or error scenarios. As a result, the network can facilitate an efficient and scalable environment for high performance computing.

Multicasting within a mutual subnetwork

A method may include bridging in, via a fabric, a multicast data packet from a source device to a first edge device of a plurality of edge devices and flooding the multicast data packet to the plurality of edge devices within a mutual subnetwork of the fabric. The method further includes bridging out the multicast data packet from a second edge device of the plurality of edge devices to a receiving device. The source device and the receiving device are located within the mutual subnetwork.

Bier multicast traffic statistics collection method, device, and system

This application provides a BIER multicast traffic statistics collection method, a device, and a system. The method includes: A first network device obtains a first BIER packet. The first network device performs traffic statistics collection on the first BIER packet based on multicast flow information, to obtain a traffic statistics collection result of the first BIER packet, where the multicast flow information is used to identify a multicast flow to which the first BIER packet belongs. The first network device sends the multicast flow information and the traffic statistics collection result of the first BIER packet to a controller.

Multicast-only thin DODAG in low power and lossy network

In one embodiment, a method comprises: generating, by a constrained low power and lossy network (LLN) device that is localized within a subregion of an LLN, a thin destination oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG) having up to a prescribed limit of attached LLN devices at each hop of the thin DODAG based on generating a DODAG information object (DIO) message specifying an instruction for limiting attachment at each hop of the thin DODAG to the prescribed limit; and causing, by the constrained LLN device, multicast-only transmissions via the thin DODAG based on inserting into the DIO message a multicast-only transmission mode via the thin DODAG and outputting the DIO message, the DIO message causing each neighboring LLN device to selectively attach to the constrained LLN device as an attached child LLN device based on the instruction and execute the multicast-only transmissions via the thin DODAG.

Multicast message forwarding method and device, switch, chip and storage medium

The invention provides a multicast message forwarding method and device, a switch, a chip and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a forwarding layer and a multicast ID of a multicast message according to the multicast message; for the multicast message forwarded by the L2 layer, determining each output port of the multicast message according to the multicast ID in the multicast member table of the L2 layer, and forwarding the multicast message through each output port; and for the multicast message forwarded by the L3 layer, each output port of the multicast message is determined by using the multicast leaf table according to the multicast ID, the multicast message is forwarded through the output port, and the multicast member table and the multicast leaf table of the L2 layer are stored separately. According to the technical scheme of the invention, for the L2 layer multicast and the L3 layer multicast, different tables which are separately stored are ...

Seamless mobility for clients receiving multicast traffic

In an example, a wired network device receives a first join message originating from a client device associated with a first wireless access point (WAP) connected to another wired network device in a broadcast domain. An entry corresponding to the client device is created in a remote receiver record of the wired network device. In response to the client device transitioning from the first WAP to a second WAP connected to the wired network device, it is determined that the client device is locally connected to the wired network device. Intention of the client device to receive multicast traffic is identified. A second join message directed to the network address of the multicast group and distributed in the broadcast domain. A traffic flow path for the multicast traffic via the wired network device and the second WAP to the client device is configured.

Layer-2 networking storm control in a virtualized cloud environment

Techniques are described for communications in an L2 virtual network. In an example, the L2 virtual network includes a plurality of L2 compute instances hosted on a set of host machines and a plurality of L2 virtual network interfaces and L2 virtual switches hosted on a set of network virtualization devices. An L2 virtual network interface emulates an L2 port of the L2 virtual network. Storm control information applicable to the L2 port is sent to a network virtualization device that hosts the L2 virtual network interface.

Systems and methods for replicating traffic statistics on redundant packet forwarding engine system

In some implementations, a first processing component of a network device may receive first traffic data obtained by a second processing component of the network device. The first processing component may store the first traffic data as residual statistics. The first processing component may obtain second traffic data associated with a copy of a traffic stream processed by the first processing component based on storing the first traffic data as the residual statistics. The first processing component may perform a switchover from the second processing component to the first processing component. The first processing component may determine current traffic data based on the residual statistics and the second traffic data. The current traffic data may be determined based on performing the switchover from the second processing component to the first processing component.

BIER overlay signaling enhancement

A method comprises, at a first router configured to perform Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) for forwarding of multicast packets in a network, storing configuration information that indicates that the first router belongs to multiple subdomains of a BIER domain, and is able to forward the multicast packets for a virtual private network on the multiple subdomains. The method further comprises, during an auto-discovery procedure, generating an auto-discovery message to include an auto-discovery route and route attributes that indicate the multiple subdomains, and sending the auto-discovery message to a second router of the virtual private network the network.

MULTICAST STATE REDUCTION VIA TUNNELING IN A ROUTED SYSTEM

System and method for flexible routing

The invention discloses a system and method for flexible routing. A request to establish a communication session with a second communication device is received. The request to establish the communication session includes one or more routing attributes for routing the communication session. The one or more routing attributes for routing the communication session are looked up in a dynamic routing framework. The communication session is routed to the third communication device or destination, rather than the second communication device, based on the one or more routing attributes and one or more rules defined in the dynamic routing framework. For example, a communication session is routed to a particular contact center queue based on routing attributes, rather than being routed to an interactive voice response (IVR) system at the beginning.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPUTING FLOWING TOPOLOGY

The invention provides a method for calculating a flooding topology (FT) of a network, and the method is used for calculating the flooding topology (FT) of the network. The method comprises a process for computing an FT comprising all nodes in the network and a process for ensuring that all nodes in the FT have at least two links in the FT. Some methods minimize the number of links for the node in the FT. Some methods also limit some nodes in the FT to a maximum number of links. Some methods compute a first of the FTs for nodes whose maximum number of links is equal to the number of links in the network, then compute a second FT for remaining nodes in the network, and then combine the two FTs to compute a complete FT for the network.

Grouping method and device, equipment and storage medium

The invention discloses a group adding method and device, equipment and a storage medium. The method is applied to a redundant loop, the redundant loop comprises a multicast source and at least three devices, the multicast source is configured with three-layer multicast, at least one device is configured with three-layer multicast, other devices are configured with two-layer multicast, and the grouping method is executed by the multicast source and comprises the steps that broadcast information is sent to adjacent devices, so that after the adjacent devices receive the broadcast information, the adjacent devices send the broadcast information to the adjacent devices; the broadcast information is sent to other equipment in the redundant loop, and the broadcast information comprises VLAN information of the multicast source; receiving a group adding request sent by the target equipment according to the VLAN information of the multicast source, and generating multicast information according ...

Bit Index Explicit Replication Traffic Engineering Fast Reroute

A method implemented by a network node in a Bit Index Explicit Replication Traffic Engineering (BIER-TE) domain is disclosed. The method includes generating a fast reroute bit index forwarding table (FRR-BIFT) containing a backup path having one or more bit positions from the network node to each next hop of a neighbor node of the network node, and sending a packet to the next hop of the neighbor node in accordance with the one or more bit positions in the backup path of the FRR-BIFT when the neighbor node has failed.

Common Interface for Multicast Address Subscriptions

Techniques and devices for multicast address subscriptions in a wireless mesh network are described in which a mesh network device generates a Multicast Listener Discovery, MLD, Report message including a multicast address. The mesh network device sends the generated MLD Report message to a network interface and a Wireless Personal Area Network, WPAN, Tun interface intercepts the MLD Report message. The mesh network device parses the intercepted MLD Report message to extract the multicast address, translates the intercepted MLD Report message into a mesh network Application Programming Interface, API, function call to join the multicast address, and invokes the API function call on a mesh network interface to transmit a multicast join request message over the mesh network.

LAYER-2 NETWORK EXTENSION OVER LAYER-3 NETWORK USING LAYER-2 METADATA

Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router generates an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers, a first portion of metadata comprising L2 addresses for the first and second client devices, and a second portion of metadata comprising L3 addresses for the first and second client devices, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the metadata and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Multicast based on penultimate hop popping

Various example embodiments for supporting multicast are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting multicast are configured to support multicast, on a multicast tree for a multicast group, based on use of penultimate hop popping (PHP) on the multicast tree. Various example embodiments for supporting multicast are configured to support multicast, on a multicast tree for a multicast group, based on use of PHP on the multicast tree where the multicast tree is Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) tree that is formed based on a TREE-SID multicast solution (although it will be appreciated that PHP may be applied on other types of multicast trees (e.g., other than P2MP MPLS multicast trees), on multicast trees formed based on other multicast solutions (e.g., other than TREE-SID), or the like, as well as various combinations thereof).

Connectivity segment coloring

A novel method for fully utilizing the multicast or broadcast capability of a physical network is provided. The method identifies segments of the network within which broadcast traffic, multicast traffic, or traffic to unknown recipients (BUM traffic) is allowed or enabled. The identified segment encompasses parts of the network that the BUM traffic is able reach while excluding parts of the network nodes that the BUM traffic is unable to reach. Each identified segment includes network nodes that are interconnected by physical network hardware that supports BUM traffic. The method identifies multiple BUM traffic segments in a given network that each supports its own BUM traffic. The different BUM traffic segments are interconnected by physical network hardware that does not support BUM network traffic. Each identified segment is assigned an identifier that uniquely distinguishes the identified segment from other identified segments.

COMMUNICATION NETWORK, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND COMMUNICATION METHOD FOR MULTICAST VIDEO STREAMING OVER COMMUNICATION PROVIDER BORDERS

HIERARCHICAL BIT INDEXED REPLICATION OF MULTICAST PACKETS

Ad hoc network communication system, message communication method thereof and readable storage medium

The invention discloses an ad hoc network communication system, a message communication method thereof and a readable storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: a service source node responds to a received service message, and constructs a forward link establishment request message and a reverse link establishment request message through the service source node, at least one intermediate node and a service target node; wherein the forward link establishment request message at least comprises a forward path target address, a forward path source address and a forward path passing ID list; the reverse link establishment request message comprises a forward path target address, a forward path target address mask, a forward path passing ID list, a reverse path target address, a reverse path source address and a reverse path passing ID list; and the service source node sends the service message to the service target node according to the forward link establishment request message and ...

Cascade switching network construction, network maintenance and route maintenance method

The invention belongs to the technical field of airborne networks, and particularly relates to a cascade switching network construction method, a network maintenance method and a route maintenance method. The method comprises the following steps: 1, a cascade automatic construction process: switches participating in cascade construction automatically enter the construction process after initialization, so that the construction of a cascade network is simply, efficiently and reliably realized; 2, a cascade network automatic maintenance mechanism: for a switch, cascade network maintenance refers to maintenance of cascade network link information, and after cascade construction is successful, the correctness of the link information is maintained through link online and offline interruption processing and periodic transmission of link exchange frames; and 3, the cascade route automatic maintenance mechanism means that after the cascade construction is successful, the switch automatically configures ...

Multicast table processing method and device and electronic equipment

The embodiment of the invention provides a multicast table processing method and device and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of network communication, and the method comprises the steps: determining destination addresses and source addresses corresponding to a plurality of IP multicast forwarding entries to be stored, merging the destination address and the source address of each IP multicast forwarding entry as the destination address of the IP multicast forwarding entry, and storing the destination address and the source address of the IP multicast forwarding entry; at least one public prefix contained in each target address and first change information of each target address are determined, the first change information is information except the public prefix in the target address, the public prefix is the prefix with the most matched items with the target address, each public prefix is stored in the TCAM, each first change information is stored in the SRAM, and ...

BIT INDEX EXPLICIT REPLICATION EGRESS PROTECTION

A method implemented by a network node in a Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) domain is used to provide fast egress protection. The method includes receiving a type length value (TLV) structure that identifies a backup egress node for a destination network node and includes an entry that indicates whether a primary egress node and the backup egress node transmit a packet to a same customer edge (CE) or to different customer edges (CEs), generating an egress protection bit index forwarding table (EP-BIFT) including the backup egress node and the entry that indicates whether the primary egress node and the backup egress node transmit the packet to the same CE or to different CEs, and forwarding the packet in accordance with the EP-BIFT when the primary egress node has failed.

Supporting candidate path selection

Various example embodiments for supporting candidate path selection in a communication system are presented. The support for candidate path selection may be based on candidate path preference information of the candidate paths where the candidate path preference information of the candidate paths may be configured for use by network devices in selecting between the candidate paths. The support for candidate path selection based on candidate path preference information of the candidate paths may be provided within the context of candidate path selection which may include failover switching. The support for candidate path selection based on candidate path preference information may be based on support for distribution of the candidate path preference information of the candidate paths to network devices and use of the candidate path preference information of the candidate paths by the network devices to support selection of the candidate paths.

System and method to use queue pair 1 for receiving multicast based announcements in multiple partitions in a high performance computing environment

Systems and methods for using queue pair 1 (QP1) for receiving multicast based announcements in multiple partitions in a high performance computing. In accordance with an embodiment, by extending the scope of QP1 to also include receiving and sending multicast packets in any partition defined for the port, it is possible to implement generic MC based announcement and discovery without requiring the complexity of unique QPs for individual partitions, nor any update of QP configuration as a consequence of change of partition membership.

Method and Apparatus for Implementing Multicast

A method and apparatus for implementing multicast. When a multicast source performs route advertisement, route update is performed on a cross-DC integrated device, and a received device identifier and a received AS number are replaced with a device identifier and an AS number that are of the integrated device. In this way, when a multicast user joins the multicast source, each network device in the network can trace the multicast source based on a received route, and determine a multicast path that is from the multicast source to the multicast user. Therefore, it is possible to accurately perform, in a NG MVPN, cross- DC multicast on traffic of the multicast source.

POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT LAYER-2 NETWORK EXTENSION OVER LAYER-3 NETWORK

Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing of multipoint Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) frames of an L2 network extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a source device to an ingress router and receiver devices to egress routers. An L3 network connects the ingress and egress routers. The ingress router receives, from the source device, a multipoint L2 frame destined for the receiver devices. The ingress router forms, for each egress router that is connected to at least one multipoint receiver device, a unicast L3 packet for the L2 frame and forwards the unicast L3 packet to the egress router. Each egress router generates, in response to receiving the unicast L3 packet, the multipoint L2 frame and forwards, to the receiver devices, the multipoint L2 frame.

Unicast addressing for redundant communication paths

In an example, a node in a network includes four ports coupled to respective nodes via respective links. A first port and a third port are coupled to respective nodes via respective near links and a second port and a fourth port are coupled to respective nodes via respective skip links. The node further includes at least one processor configured to send a first message in a first direction via the second port, and the first message includes a first destination address that corresponds to the second side of the node. The at least one processor is further configured to send a second message in a second direction via the fourth port, and the second message includes a second destination address that corresponds to the first side of the node.

BIT INDEX EXPLICIT REPLICATION (BIER) ADVERTISING WITH A ROUTE DISTINGUISHER

In some implementations, a network device may determine a route distinguisher (RD) that is associated with a bit index explicit replication (BIER) domain, wherein the network device participates in the BIER domain and one or more BIER sub-domains of the BIER domain. The network device may identify BIER sub-domain information associated with a BIER sub-domain of the one or more BIER sub-domains of the BIER domain. The network device may identify proxy information that is associated with the BIER sub-domain. The network device may send an advertisement that includes a BIER prefix of the network device, the BIER sub-domain information, the RD, and the proxy information. Sending the advertisement is to permit a receiving network device to store the proxy information in a bit index forwarding table (BIFT) of the receiving network device.

Method and device for quickly updating multicast table, electronic equipment and storage medium

The invention discloses a method and a device for quickly updating a multicast table, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a BitMap corresponding to a multicast group to be updated according to a multicast member control table; according to the BitMap and the destination port state of the multicast member, judging whether the destination port of the member in the multicast group copies the message or not; and if yes, copying the message to the destination port of the member in the multicast group. According to the method, when the multicast member is changed, the chip follows the BitMap corresponding to the multicast member during searching, so that the destination port of the multicast member for copying the message is determined, the multicast member control table can assist the multicast table to realize fast refreshing and control the specific multicast member path, the table refreshing efficiency of the multicast table is effectively ...

Multicast traffic forwarding method, multicast system, routing equipment and storage medium

The embodiment of the invention provides a multicast traffic forwarding method, a multicast system, routing equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of multicast. The method comprises the following steps: determining a DR router from each routing device based on a preset rule, responding to a PIM Join message sent by an RP router, storing a plurality of PIM Join soft tables contained in the message, responding to a switching instruction sent by the DR router, switching the other routing device in each routing device to a new DR router and switching the other routing devices to non-DR routers, and sending the non-DR routers to the RP router. And traversing all PIM Join soft tables in the new DR router, and adding multicast address information and interface information in the new DR router according to all the PIM Join soft tables, so that the new DR router forwards multicast traffic to the RP router according to the multicast address information and the interface ...

Method of establishing bidirectional forwarding detection session based on BIER, and BFIR, BFER, system and storage medium

Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of the multicast network. Disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention are a method of establishing a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) session based on bit index explicit replication (BIER), a BFIR, a BFER, a system and a storage medium. A method includes: establishing, by a bit-forwarding ingress router (BFIR), the BFD session; flooding, by the BFIR, BFD information to a bit-forwarding egress router (BFER) group based on an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP); and transmitting, by the BFIR, a BFD control packet to a BFER, to trigger the BFER to establish the BFD session corresponding to the BFIR.

Layer-2 network extension over Layer-3 network using encapsulation

Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an non-session-based L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router forms an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers and a protocol selected based on an L3 service for the L2 frame, a payload comprising the L2 frame, and metadata comprising a session identifier distinctly identifying the L2 frame, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the payload and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Method of and devices for supporting selective forwarding of messages in a network of communicatively coupled communication devices

A gateway device and a configuration client for supporting selective forwarding of messages published to a group address or a virtual address in a wireless mesh network of communicatively coupled communication devices, such as a Bluetooth Mesh system. The configuration client maintains a mapping between unicast addresses of communication devices and group and virtual addresses in the network. The gateway device receives, from the configuration client, unicast addresses of those communication devices collectively identified by the group or virtual address in a received message. When the retrieved unicast addresses are all serviced by the gateway device, the message is transmitted by the gateway device on all interfaces corresponding to the communication devices addressed by the retrieved unicast addresses. When the retrieved unicast addresses are not all serviced by the gateway device, the message is transmitted by the gateway device on all except one of the interfaces.

MULTI-CAST SUPPORT FOR A VIRTUAL NETWORK

Described herein are systems and methods for supporting multicast for virtual networks. In some embodiments, a native multicast approach can utilized in which packet replication is performed on a host node of a virtual machine (VM) with a multicast data packet encapsulated in uniquely address unicast packets. In some embodiments, a network virtual appliance can be utilized. A multicast packet sent from the VM can be unicasted to the network virtual appliance. The multicast appliance can then replicate the packet into multiple copies and send the packets to the receivers in the virtual network as unicast data packets encapsulating the multicast packet.

Centralized approach to SR-TE paths with bandwidth guarantee using a single SID

Systems and methods include determining (52) a Multi-Point to Point (MP2P) tree from a plurality of source nodes (S1-S5) to a destination node (D) in a Segment Routing network (10), wherein the plurality of source nodes (S1-S5) are sending traffic with guaranteed bandwidth requirements to the destination node (D), and wherein the MP2P tree is determined based on the guaranteed bandwidth; assigning (54) a globally unique Segment Identifier (SID) for the MP2P tree; and causing (56) programming of forwarding entries in the plurality of source nodes (S1-S5), any intermediate nodes, and the destination node (D), based on the MP2P tree. The steps can further include receiving (58) measurements from nodes on the MP2P tree of bandwidth utilized against the globally unique SID; and updating (60) the MP2P tree if required based on the measurements. Each of the plurality of source nodes (S1-S5) utilize the globally unique SID to send traffic with guaranteed bandwidth requirements to the destination ...

INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD AND DEVICE, AND COMPUTER STORAGE MEDIUM

CLOUDIFIED N-WAY ROUTING PROTECTION AT HYPER SCALE

NODE PROTECTION FOR BUM TRAFFIC FOR MULTI-HOMED NODE FAILURE

Traffic mirroring

A system and method for mirroring traffic data is described. A traffic proxy samples traffic data between a client device and a first web server. The traffic data comprises requests from the client device and corresponding responses from the first web server. The sampled traffic data is encoded and relayed to a second web server. The second web server comprises an updated version of a web service that is operating at the first web server. Responses from the first web server are compared with responses from the second web server based on the requests in the encoded sampled traffic data. The differences between the responses from the first web server and the second web server is stored.

TECHNIQUE FOR DYNAMIC DISCOVERY, UPDATE AND PROPAGATION OF MULTICAST STREAM CAPABILITIES IN A CAPABILITY-AWARE NETWORK

Systems and methods provide for the dynamic discovery, update and propagation of multicast streams capabilities in a network. An endpoint can be coupled to a first hop router in a network environment. The first hop router can discover multicast flow characteristics information associated with the endpoint and propagate the multicast flow characteristics information of the endpoint to additional network nodes in the network environment. The first hop router and at least a portion of the additional network nodes can form one or more multicast flows associated with the endpoint through the network environment using the multicast flow characteristic information associated with the endpoint.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FACILITATING EFFICIENT MESSAGE MATCHING IN A NETWORK INTERFACE CONTROLLER (NIC)

A network interface controller (NIC) capable of performing message passing interface (MPI) list matching is provided. The NIC can include a host interface, a network interface, and a hardware list-processing engine (LPE). The host interface can couple the NIC to a host device. The network interface can couple the NIC to a network. During operation, the LPE can receive a match request and perform MPI list matching based on the received match request.

Overlapping subdags in a RPL network

A method by a wireless network device in a wireless data network comprises: joining a non-storing mode destination-oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG) in response to receiving a multicast DODAG information object (DIO) message originated by a root device; generating and transmitting a unicast destination advertisement (DAO) message destined for the root device and indicating the wireless network device has joined the DODAG; advertising as a subroot of a subDAG in the DODAG, based on outputting a second message specifying subDAG information identifying the subDAG; receiving a second unicast DAO message generated by a child network device in the subDAG and addressed to the wireless network device, the second unicast DAO message indicating the child network device has joined the subDAG; and generating and sending a third unicast DAO message to the root device specifying the child network device is reachable via the wireless network device.

Weighted multicast join load balance

In some examples, a method includes receiving, by an egress network device for a network, messages from each of a plurality of ingress network devices for the network, wherein each of the messages specifies a multicast source, a multicast group, and an upstream multicast hop weight value for multicast traffic for the multicast source and the multicast group; selecting, by the egress network device and based on the upstream multicast hop weight values specified by the received messages, one of the plurality of ingress network devices to which to send a multicast join message of a plurality of multicast join messages for the multicast source and multicast group; and sending, by the egress network device, the multicast join message to the selected one of the plurality of ingress network devices.

Communication device, multicast transfer system, and multicast transfer method

There is provided route control with excellent flexibility even in a large-scale multicast transfer system. A multicast transfer system transfers a multicast packet arriving at a plurality of destinations between multicast communication devices 1, and a packet transfer processing unit 15 of the multicast communication device 1 transfers, when an interface of a multicast communication device 1 adjacent to itself is specified as a transfer destination of a received multicast packet, the multicast packet to the specified interface, and transfers, when the interface of the multicast communication device 1 adjacent to itself is not specified as the transfer destination of the received multicast packet, the multicast packet to an interface to a multicast communication device 1 specified as the destination.

INTERNET GROUP MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (IGMP) OF A LAYER 2 NETWORK IN A VIRTUALIZED CLOUD ENVIRONMENT

Method and device for switching BUM traffic forwarding path

The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a BUM flow forwarding path switching method and device. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: automatically discovering an EVI-AD route newly-added extension group word in an Ethernet; wherein an expansion group word in the EVI-AD route carries the state of a local corresponding VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) sub-interface; newly adding an expansion group word in the integrated multicast route; wherein the integrated multicast routing extension group word carries a BUM bypass label and optional additional VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) information; establishing a forwarding protection path of the BUM flow according to the extended group word carried in the EVI-AD route and the extended group word carried in the integrated multicast route; wherein the forwarding protection path is used for protection switching. According to the invention, BUM traffic protection can be realized, and traffic ...

Data transmission method and device, storage medium and electronic device

The invention discloses a data transmission method and device, a storage medium and an electronic device. The data transmission method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first multicast message to be multicast to N destination addresses; copying the first multicast message to N nodes through node addresses stored in the N nodes which are connected in series, and transmitting the first multicast message on the N nodes to N multicast leaves through multicast leaf addresses stored in the N nodes; and transmitting the first multicast file received by each multicast leaf in the N multicast leaves to the N destination addresses, by adopting the technical scheme, the problems of low utilization rate of the multicast leaves in the multicast process and the like in related technologies are solved.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONFIGURING A COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

Systems and methods are disclosed for configuring a communications network. In disclosed embodiments, a set of permissible service link decompositions and a set of basic service links may be obtained for the communications network. A spanning subset of service links for the communications may be generated. Generation of the spanning subset may include selecting a decomposition of a first service link from a set of permissible service link decompositions; updating the set of permissible service link decompositions based on the selected decomposition; and updating the set of basic service links using the updated set of permissible service link decompositions. In some embodiments, obtaining the set of permissible service link decompositions can include generating a set of permissible service link decompositions by traversing decomposition graphs generated for each of the service links. In some embodiments, the communications network can be configured to satisfy network demands using the spanning ...

Data transmission method and related product

Disclosed are a data transmission method and a related product. The method includes: when it is detected that a data replication transmission function of a PDCP layer entity is activated, a terminal enabling a first RLC layer entity, a second RLC layer entity being in an enabled status; and invoking the PDCP layer entity to determine a first PDCP PDU associated with a first PDCP SDU, and sending the first PDCP PDU to the first RLC layer entity, wherein the first PDCP PDU is used for the first RLC layer entity and a MAC layer entity to process the first PDCP PDU into a MAC PDU and send same.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING A MULTICAST DATA STREAM WITHOUT STORING OR RECONSTRUCTING A HEADER OR MAINTAINING STATE

A source network device may receive a multicast data stream to be provided to a plurality of network devices of a network, and may generate, for the multicast data stream, a segment routing header that identifies the plurality of network devices to be provided the multicast data stream. The source network device may cause the multicast data stream to be serially provided to the plurality of network devices identified in the segment routing header without requiring the plurality of network devices to store and reconstruct the segment routing header and without requiring the plurality of network devices to maintain state.

TUNNELING INTER-DOMAIN STATELESS INTERNET PROTOCOL MULTICAST PACKETS

LINK AGGREGATION GROUP (LAG) PORT SELECTION

Examples described herein relate to switch circuitry to select a port of a link aggregation group (LAG) based on multiple tables and a multicast group identifier and hash value. In some examples, a first table of the multiple tables comprises indices for indexing into a second table of the multiple tables. In some examples, the second table comprises multiple LAG words to use to construct a LAG entry word.

System and method for facilitating efficient management of non-idempotent operations in a network interface controller (NIC)

A network interface controller (NIC) capable of efficient management of non-idempotent operations is provided. The NIC can be equipped with a network interface, storage management logic block, and an operation management logic block. During operation, the network interface can receive a request for an operation from a remote device. The storage management logic block can store, in a local data structure, outcome of operations executed by the NIC. The operation management logic block can determine whether the NIC has previously executed the operation. If the NIC has previously executed the operation, the operation management logic block can obtain an outcome of the operation from the data structure and generate a response comprising the obtained outcome for responding to the request.

MULTI-LINK GROUP ADDRESSED TRAFFIC TRANSMISSION METHOD AND APPARATUS

This application is applicable to a multi-link group addressed traffic transmission method and an apparatus. A first access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) sends group addressed traffic indication information indicating whether each AP of other APs of the AP MLD has a group addressed traffic, so that a station (STA) can learn whether the multiple APs have a group addressed traffic. In this way, each STA of the STAMLD does not need to listen to each AP whether each AP has a group addressed traffic. This reduces power consumption of the STA MLD. This application may be applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be.

System and method for facilitating global fairness in a network

A data-driven intelligent networking system that can facilitate global fairness is provided. The system can maintain state information of individual packet flows, which can be set up or released dynamically based on injected data. Each flow can be provided with a flow-specific input queue upon arriving at a switch. Packets of a respective flow are acknowledged after reaching the egress point of the network, and the acknowledgement packets are sent back to the ingress point of the flow along the same data path. As a result, each switch can obtain state information of each flow and enforce global fairness on a per-flow basis.

Network recovery systems and methods

A first network device is configured with a rule preventing network traffic from travelling from the first network device to one or more other network devices. The first network device is configured to receive and distribute network traffic to the one or more other network devices. A second network device receives and distributes network traffic to the one or more other network devices. The first network device determines that the second network device has failed. In response to determining that the second network device has failed, the first network device removes the rule so that the first network device receives and distributes network traffic to the one or more other network devices.

Highly-scalable, software-defined, in-network multicasting of load statistics data

In an embodiment, a computer-implemented method for highly-scalable, in-network multicasting of statistics data is disclosed. In an embodiment, a method comprises: receiving, from an underlay controller, a match-and-action table that is indexed using one or more multicast (“MC”) group identifiers and includes one or more special MC headers; detecting a packet carrying statistics data; determining whether the packet includes an MC group identifier; in response to determining that the packet includes the MC group identifier: using the MC group identifier, retrieving a special MC header, of the one or more special MC headers, from the match-and-action table; generating an encapsulated packet by encapsulating the packet with the special MC header; and providing the encapsulated packet to an interface controller for transmitting the encapsulated packet to one or more physical switches.

INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM, INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, AND PROGRAM

A second information processing apparatus (20) according to the present disclosure is communicably connected to a network in the cloud and a physical control network (40) and includes an adaptor (22) configured to generate first control communication information of a first communication method for one-to-many communication from among control communication information required for control communication based on a control communication protocol, the adaptor generating the first control communication information with use of information from the network acquired along a path different from a communication path of the control communication, and to transmit the first control communication information to the physical control network (40).

Evaluation and dynamic isolation of devices with anomalous behavior patterns

The embodiment of the invention relates to evaluation and dynamic isolation of devices with abnormal behavior patterns. In a computer network, unicast and multicast are information transmission methods. Multicast is when a sender site or device transmits information to all other sites or devices in a computer network. Multicast packets sent from devices in a network may be sent directly to a server that will monitor and record the number of multicast packets being submitted from each device in the network. If one or more devices are transmitting excessive multicast packets in the network, the server may perform an action to adjust the transmission of multicast packets. Thus, the server will be able to monitor and regulate the performance, security, and traffic flow of data in the network, and prevent any defects of network communications due to the transmission of excess multicast packets.

In-cloud multicast control forwarding method, system and device and storage medium

The invention provides an intra-cloud multicast control forwarding method, system and device and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: setting a multicast management plug-in in a virtual network service of an Openstack cloud platform; responding to an application programming interface called by a user and received by the multicast management plug-in, and storing multicast configuration of the subnet and the router by the user into a virtual network service library of a first database; converting the multicast configuration into a data table item of a second database through the multicast management plug-in, and recording the data table item in a table of the second database; and converting the multicast configuration into a flow table through the second database, and issuing the flow table to a virtual switch. According to the invention, the multicast accurate forwarding control of the cloud platform is realized, the defects of cross-subnet multicast and multicast ...

BIER traffic engineering (BIER-TE) using unicast MPLS-TE tunnels

At a router, at least one memory and computer program code stored therein are configured to, with at least one processor, cause the router to: determine source router identification information for a tunnel traversing the router based on a routable source IP address for the tunnel; determine destination router identification information for the tunnel based on a routable destination IP address for the tunnel; program a bit string entry for the tunnel in a Bit Index Forwarding Table (BIFT) for tunnels from a source router to a plurality of destination routers, the BIFT being indexed based on the source router identification information and at least a portion of the destination router identification information; and route packet data received at the router according to the BIFT.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS, COMMUNICATION DEVICE, AND STORAGE MEDIUM

A wireless communication method is performed by a first device, and includes: sending a first message frame carrying a flexible multicast service (FMS) descriptor element on a transmission link, wherein the FMS descriptor element at least comprises transmission parameters for transmitting FMS streams on a plurality of transmission links.

Packet tunneling

Network devices, systems, and methods are provided for packet processing. One network device includes a network chip having a number of network ports for the device. The network chip includes logic to select original data packets, based on a set of criteria, received from or destined to a particular port on the device and to tunnel the selected data packets to a second network device having a different destination address to that of the selected data packets.

Wireless communication apparatus, wireless network system, data transfer method, and recording medium

A WMMR ( 301 ) is used as a wireless relay node in a wireless network connected to a backbone network including a multicast data packet distribution source. A route control unit (N 03 ) establishes a multicast data packet transfer route based on unicast routes by making reference to an SWGT ( 20 ) based on received route control information and adding an entry to a multicast routing table (MRT) ( 10 ). A transfer control unit (N 04 ) makes reference to the MRT ( 10 ) and makes a transfer to a directly connected transfer destination along the established multicast data packet transfer route by unicasting capable arrival confirmation and retransmission control as a transmission scheme in the data link layer.

Methods for reliable multicasting in local peer group (lpg) based vehicle ad hoc networks

A method for routing a multicast message comprising the steps of receiving a multicast message including at least a message, a source identifier, a sequence number, a time-to-live value and a multicast group destination, determining if the multicast group destination is in a multicast forwarding table, determining if the message has been previously received, adding the multicast message to the multicast forwarding table if it is determined that the multicast message has not been previously received, determining if a node that received the multicast message is a forwarding node; randomly setting a wait time for forwarding the multicast message; and forwarding the multicast message at the expiration of the wait time.

Universal load-balancing tunnel encapsulation

In one embodiment, packets received at head-end nodes in a computer network may have a payload and protocol ID of an original protocol of the packet. To allow load balancing across the network, the head-end node may convert the protocol ID to indicate a UDP packet, and may insert a UDP shim header into the packet having a load balance ID, at least one port ID of a destination tail-end node of the packet, and an indication of the original protocol ID. The head-end node may transmit the converted UDP packet toward the tail-end node as part of a load-balanced UDP flow based on the load balance ID. Tail-end nodes may receive UDP packets, and determine whether they are converted UDP packets. If so, the original protocol of the packet may be determined, the UDP header may be removed, and the packet may be processed according to the original protocol.

Method And Apparatus In A Plurality Of Rendezvous Points For Together Processing Multicast Traffics From Mobile Multicast Source

The invention proposes method and apparatus in a plurality of rendezvous points for together processing multicast traffics from mobile multicast source. Wherein, a first rendezvous point and at least one second rendezvous point compose an anycast group which is used for sharing the processing task of the multicast data packets of the mobile multicast source point together, the first rendezvous point and the at least one second rendezvous point share a route forwarding table, the route forwarding table comprises corresponding relation among the care-of-address, the home address and the multicast address of one or more multicast sources. The first rendezvous point obtains the multicast data packets, forwards the multicast data packets to the at least one second rendezvous point, when needing to forward the multicast data packets to the at least one second rendezvous point; the first rendezvous point searches the route forwarding table, according to address information of the multicast packet; determines the corresponding shared multicast tree, when the address information matches the care-of address and/or home address and matches the multicast address of an candidate multicast source; and forwards the multicast data packet according to the shared multicast tree.

Managing Multicast Membership in Wireless LANs

Processing of MLD control packets in an access point (AP) connected to a digital network. According to the present invention, an AP in a network converts MLD queries from multicast to unicast and sends these unicast packets to each client of the AP. These MLD query packets may be filtered or restricted by per-user client rules These MLD query packets may also be tagged as high priority packets to speed their delivery. The AP also suppresses the retransmission of MLD Join packets to clients of the AP.

Methods and apparatus for network multicasting using hierarchical replication

Methods and apparatus for network multicasting using hierarchical replication are disclosed. An example method disclosed herein to send multicast data associated with a source to a plurality of receivers in a network comprises replicating the multicast data received at a first network node, the multicast data received via a first unicast path, the first network node being associated with a first hierarchical level of a replication hierarchy, sending copies of the multicast data to a plurality of network nodes associated with a second hierarchical level of the replication hierarchy via second unicast paths, and replicating a copy of the multicast data received via one of the second unicast paths at a second network node to send the multicast data via a third unicast path for receipt by a receiver in the plurality of receivers, the second network node being in the plurality of network nodes associated with the second hierarchical level.

Method for receiving multi-cast packet

A receiving method for multi-cast packets includes the steps of creating a plurality of buffer partitions in a memory; for writing the received multi-cast packets that belong to a same data block into the same buffer partition in sequence; decompressing and combining all the multi-cast packets in the completely received buffer partition into the data block that the multi-cast packets belong to, writing the combined data block into a storage device, and emptying the completely received buffer partition, when the multi-cast packets that belong to the data block in any buffer partition are received completely; and transmitting a retransmission request to a transmitting end for any buffer partition that is not empty and in which the multi-cast packets that belong to the data block are not received completely.

Method and device for delivering and receiving push message

A method and a device for delivering and receiving a Push message are provided, so that a Push server knows the delivery state of the Push message when delivering the Push message in a broadcast mode or a multicast mode. The method includes: a Push server receives a Push message that carries an indication of making statistics on a delivery result; and the Push server determines to deliver the Push message to terminals in a broadcast mode or a multicast mode according to the Push message, and obtains a delivery report according to the indication of making statistics on the delivery result. A method for obtaining the delivery report by the Push server includes obtaining the delivery report by querying a group management server, or obtaining the delivery report by receiving responses returned by the terminals, or obtaining the delivery report by querying the number of connections between the term.

Increased Communication Opportunities with Low-Contact Nodes in a Computer Network

In one embodiment, a particular node (e.g., root node) in a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in a computer network may identify a low-contact (e.g., wireless) node in the DAG that is at risk of having an invalid path when attempts are made to reach the low-contact node. In response, the particular node may identify neighbors of the low-contact node, and may establish a multicast tree from the particular node to the low-contact node through a plurality of the neighbors to reach the low-contact node. When sending traffic to the low-contact node, the particular node sends the traffic on the multicast tree, wherein each of the plurality of neighbors attempts to forward the traffic to the low-contact node. In another embodiment, the low-contact node itself indicates its status to the particular/root node, along with its list of neighbors in order to receive the multicast traffic.

Method, System and Apparatus for Transmitting Data

The present invention discloses a method, a system and an apparatus for transmitting data, which are applied in an identification identifier locater separation network, the method includes: a source terminal sending a first data packet to a source Access Support Node (ASN), and taking an Access Identity (AID) of the source terminal and the AID of a destination terminal as a source address and a destination address of the first data packet respectively; the source ASN, after receiving the first data packet, if a Routing Identifier (RID) corresponding to the AID of the destination terminal is not queried out locally, encapsulating the first data packet which is as a payload data packet to a second data packet by using Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) format, and adding a GRE packet header and a delivery protocol packet header; and the source ASN sending the second data packet to a mapping forwarding plane, which queries the RID corresponding to the AID of the destination terminal and sends the first data packet to the destination ASN according to the queried RID. The present invention realizes a high data forwarding performance, and a network processor may be used to process, the encapsulation format is easy to extend, and the edition is convenient to upgrade.

Techniques for routing data between network areas

Techniques for routing data between network area are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a method for routing data between layer 2 network areas of backbone bridges comprising the steps of receiving data at a network element containing an internally terminated Network to Network Interface (NNI) for a plurality of network areas, identifying a destination address associated with the data, determining a network area of the plurality of network areas associated with the data, and performing one or more data flow treatments associated with the data using the internally terminated Network to Network Interface (NNI).

Method and apparatus for processing a multicast packet

The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of computer networks, and disclose a method and an apparatus for processing a multicast packet. The method includes receiving a multicast packet, acquiring a local router interface corresponding to the multicast packet according to a multicast routing entry carried in the multicast packet, and forwarding the multicast packet through the acquired local router interface to a clustered routing system interface for further transfer. The embodiments of the present invention can cluster several routing devices into a virtual routing system which externally acts as a single routing node for supporting a multicast service, so as to implement the efficient and reliable forwarding of the multicast packet in a clustered routing system with virtual aggregation, and enable the clustered routing system to support the multicast service with high efficiency and quality.

Method, device and system for implementing multicast

A method for implementing multicast includes: receiving or generating an internet group management protocol IGMP packet; judging whether the packet is a first join packet or a last leave packet of a multicast group, and adding an identifier indicating whether the IGMP packet is a first join packet or a last leave packet of a multicast group to the IGMP packet, where the identifier is used for a subsequent entity not to perform multicast processing on the IGMP packet when judging that the IGMP packet is not the first join packet or the last leave packet of the multicast group according to the identifier; and forwarding the IGMP packet to the subsequent entity. Therefore, the packet processing pressure on the network apparatus is relieved, and meanwhile, the IGMP packet requirements in the practical network are met.

Repeater pass-through messaging

Embodiments of this invention include a network communications stack for a system for communicating data over a network. A media access control (MAC) layer running on a radio processor of the communications stack at least partially processes messages received from a network, i.e., before the message is passed to a host processor. Specifically, the MAC layer includes software configured to analyze a destination address contained in the message, and determine whether the destination address contained in the message matches a destination address programmed in the MAC layer.

Multipoint-to-point pseudowire

A method is provided for transmitting a data stream from a plurality of terminating (leaf) devices toward another terminating (root) device, the leaf and root devices forming the ends of a multipoint-to-point pseudowire based on a packet switched network to which the terminating devices belong, the method comprising: receiving, by a switching device, also belonging to the packet switched network, a first data stream sent by a first leaf device toward the root device, receiving, by the switching device, a second data stream sent by a second leaf device toward the root device, aggregating the first and second data streams into a third data stream, the switching device having been configured to aggregate the first and second data streams via a parameter called the aggregation parameter, included in a pseudowire establishment request, and transmitting the third data stream toward the root device.

Apparatus, system and mehtod for reliable, fast, and scalable multicast message delivery in service overlay networks

A method to organize nodes into an overlay network and to disseminate multicast messages within this overlay both through an efficient tree embedded in the overlay and through gossips exchanged between overlay neighbors. Regardless of the size of the system, this invention incurs a constant low overhead on each node.

Apparatus, system and method for reliable, fast and scalable multicast message delivery in service overlay networks

A method to organize nodes into an overlay network and to disseminate multicast messages within this overlay both through an efficient tree embedded in the overlay and through gossips exchanged between overlay neighbors. Regardless of the size of the system, this invention incurs a constant low overhead on each node.

DIFFERENTIAL FORWARDING IN ADDRESS-BASED CARRIER NETWORKS

The invention relates to enabling differential forwarding in address-based carrier networks such as Ethernet networks. There is described a method of and connection controller for establishing connections () in a frame-based communications network comprising nodes (- and ) such as Ethernet switches. The connections are established by configuring, in various of the nodes, mappings for forwarding data frames, such as Ethernet frames. The mappings are from a combination of a) a destination (or source) address corresponding to a destination (or source) node () of the connection and b) an identifier, such as a VLAN tag. The mappings are to selected output ports of the various nodes. By using the combination of destination (or source) address AND identifier, the mappings enable data frames belonging to different connections () to be forwarded differentially (ie forwarded on different output ports) at a node () despite the different connections having the same destination node. This enables flexibility in routing connections and the ability to perform traffic engineering. 1205-. (canceled)206. A method of providing a Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) across a carrier Ethernet network , the method comprising:at a first node, receiving a frame from a customer, the frame having a customer source MAC address;identifying the frame to be transported across the carrier Ethernet network by encapsulating it with a VLAN identifier, a source MAC address of the first node and a destination MAC address;forwarding the encapsulated frame across the network based on the combination of the VLAN identifier and the destination Ethernet MAC address without changing the VLAN identifier;receiving the encapsulated frame at a second node;at the second node, configuring a mapping between the customer source MAC address of the frame and a combination of the MAC address of the first node and the VLAN identifier; andforwarding the frame to the customer.207. The method of claim 206 , comprising:at ...

Wireless network system

A system for communication in a wireless backhaul environment having a wireless mesh network connected in part to the Internet, comprising a communication topology having WiMAX gateway/base stations with multi-hop capability located at each corner, and communication cells each having a relay station and mobile nodes communicating to each other using WiMAX wireless technology, wherein the communication cells are arranged to be connected to each other in a grid fabric.

Method, device and system for implementing multicast forwarding in extended VLAN bridge

The disclosure provides a method, a device, and a system for implementing multicast forwarding in an EVB, wherein the method includes: the EVB controlling bridge receives a multicast frame and acquires a multicast address from the multicast frame; inquires on a master port and an ID of a subgroup corresponding to the multicast address from a first preset mapping table; forwards, when the ID of the corresponding subgroup is an MCID, the multicast frame carrying the MCID to a corresponding PE assembly via the master port; and the PE assembly distributes the multicast frame to a UE according to a correspondence between the MCID carried in the multicast frame and a downlink port of the PE assembly. In the present disclosure, the same multicast frame is forwarded just once at the same physical port in the EVB according to the mapping relation between the multicast address in the multicast frame and the master port and the ID of the subgroup corresponding to the multicast address, avoiding waste of network bandwidth caused by repetitive duplicating and forwarding by the same physical port, and increasing network bandwidth utilization. 1. A method for implementing multicast forwarding in an Extended VLAN Bridge (EVB) , comprising:receiving a multicast frame and acquiring a multicast address from the multicast frame;inquiring on a master port and an identifier (ID) of a subgroup corresponding to the multicast address from a first preset mapping table;forwarding, when the ID of the corresponding subgroup is a Multicast Identifier (MCID), the multicast frame carrying the MCID to a corresponding Port Extender (PE) assembly via the master port; anddistributing, by the PE assembly, the multicast frame to a User Equipment (UE) according to a correspondence between the MCID carried in the multicast frame and a downlink port of the PE assembly.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forwarding claim 1 , when the ID of the corresponding subgroup is an MCID claim 1 , the ...

Layered Multicast and Fair Bandwidth Allocation and Packet Prioritization

Embodiments include an overlay multicast network. The overlay multicast network may provide a set of features to ensure reliable and timely arrival of multicast data. The embodiments include a congestion control system that may prioritize designated layers of data within a data stream over other layers of the same data stream. Each data stream transmitted over the network may be given an equal share of the bandwidth. Addressing in routing tables maintained by routers in the may utilize summarized addressing based on the difference in location of the router and destination address. Summarization levels may be adjusted to minimize travel distances for packets in the network. Data from high priority data stream layers may also be retransmitted upon request from a destination machine to ensure reliable delivery of data. 1. A method comprising:receiving data from a source in a single multi-layered stream; a layer identifier indicating a relative location of the packet within a hierarchy of virtual layers,', 'a packet identifier of a most recently received packet in a virtual layer in the stream, the layer identifier further indicating a relative importance of the packet, wherein the relative importance of the packet reflects relative priority of the packet and influences a probability that the packet will be selected to be reprioritized;, 'storing a sequence number of a packet within the packet on an accessible storage device, wherein the sequence number includesforwarding the data to multiple concurrent receivers over a packet-switched network via a network interface;detecting, by a processor in communication with the accessible storage device, a condition in response to which there is a need to reprioritize the importance of delivery of packets within the stream; andselecting a virtual layer of high priority packets from the hierarchy of virtual layers in the stream to forward to a destination based upon criteria that includes the layer identifier [and the reliable ...

Layered Multicast and Fair Bandwidth Allocation and Packet Prioritization

Embodiments include an overlay multicast network. The overlay multicast network may provide a set of features to ensure reliable and timely arrival of multicast data. The embodiments include a congestion control system that may prioritize designated layers of data within a data stream over other layers of the same data stream. Each data stream transmitted over the network may be given an equal share of the bandwidth. Addressing in routing tables maintained by routers in the may utilise summarized addressing based on the difference in location of the router and destination address. Summarization levels may be adjusted to minimize travel distances for packets in the network. Data from high priority data stream layers may also be retransmitted upon request from a destination machine to ensure reliable delivery of data. 1. A router for managing the flow of data packets in a multicast data stream in which each data packet includes one of a plurality of possible priority designations to define a plurality of virtual streams of data , at least one virtual stream having a different priority from at least one other virtual stream , said router comprising:a processor configured to execute router kernel software to process forward data packets, the forward data packets comprising data packets from a source within the data network to be processed and forwarded toward a receiver within the network, the processor further configured to process reverse data packets, the reverse data packets comprising data packets coming back from the direction of the receiver and to be forwarded hack toward the source;an interface configure to receive forward data packets from said processor and to send reverse data packets to said processor; 'an outbound packet retransmission interceptor connected to said interface for receiving said forward data packets and for temporarily storing a copy of said forward data packets in a temporary outbound packet store and then forwarding the forward data ...

Method for Multicast Flow Routing Selection

A network component comprising a memory coupled to a processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions that cause the processor to select a first multicast routing mode from a plurality of multicast routing modes supported by a network comprising the network component, assign the first multicast routing mode to a first multicast flow, and advertise a first information frame to a first plurality of nodes, wherein the first information frame provides the assignment of the first multicast routing mode to the first multicast flow.

PROXY SERVER, RELAY METHOD, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, RELAY CONTROL PROGRAM, AND RECORDING MEDIUM

A proxy () includes (i) a processing section () for transmitting information when the proxy detects a video request from a proxy (), information indicating that the proxy can transmit a certain video by multicast in replacement of a server (), and (ii) a processing section () for registering the proxy () in a multicast group when a JOIN message is received from the proxy (). The processing section () relays a video in cache () to registered proxies via multicast. 1. A proxy server configured to (i) receive a content transmitted from a transmission device in response to a request from a communication device , (ii) cache the content in a storage section and (iii) relay the content to the communication device ,the proxy server comprising:transmission means for transmitting information to the communication device when the proxy server detects transmission from the communication device to the transmission device of a first request that requests for transmission of a certain content via unicast communication, the information indicating that the proxy server is capable of transmitting the certain content via multicast communication in replacement of the transmission device;registration means for registering the communication device in a multicast group when a second request that requests for transmission of the content via multicast communication is received from the communication device; andrelay means for relaying, via multicast communication, the content cached in the storage section to the communication device and any other communication device registered in the multicast group in advance.2. The proxy server according to claim 1 , whereinthere are a plurality of the communication devices,the transmission device is configured to be capable of transmitting various contents in response to requests from the communication devices, andthe transmission means transmitting the information to the communication devices only when the proxy server detects that the first request is ...

DATA PLANE INDEPENDENT ASSERT ELECTION

Avoiding duplicative forwarding of multicast traffic is disclosed. A join message received at a first router is directed to a peer router of the first router from a first downstream node of the first router and the peer router without passing through the peer router. The join message indicates that one or more downstream nodes of the peer desire to receive from the peer multicast traffic specified in the join message. It is determined whether the join message from the first downstream node to the peer would result in duplicative forwarding by the peer of multicast traffic from an upstream source upstream of the peer and the first router based on the join message. Based at least in part on a determination that the join message would result in duplicative forwarding of the multicast traffic, an election procedure is initiated to avoid such duplicative forwarding of the multicast traffic. 1. A system for avoiding duplicative forwarding of multicast traffic , comprising:a communication interface; and receive via the communication interface at a first router a join message directed to a peer router of the first router from a first downstream node of the first router and the peer router without passing through the peer router, wherein the join message indicates that one or more downstream nodes of the peer desire to receive from the peer multicast traffic specified in the join message;', 'determine whether the join message from the first downstream node to the peer would result in duplicative forwarding by the peer of multicast traffic from an upstream source upstream of the peer and the first router based on the join message; and', 'initiate, based at least in part on a determination that the join message would result in duplicative forwarding of multicast traffic, an election procedure to avoid such duplicative forwarding of multicast traffic;', 'wherein determining whether the join message to the peer would result in duplicative forwarding of multicast traffic ...

Method and apparatus for protection switching in point-to-multipoint network

A method of performing protection switching in a network including a first node and a plurality of second nodes that are connected to the first node is provided. The first node counts the number of obstacles that have occurred in a plurality of paths that are connected between the plurality of second nodes, and if the counted number is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the first node performs protection switching per leaf. Alternatively, if the counted number is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, the first node performs protection switching per tree.

SCALABLE IP-SERVICES ENABLED MULTICAST FORWARDING WITH EFFICIENT RESOURCE UTILIZATION

Methods, apparatus and data structures are provided for managing multicast IP flows. According to one embodiment, active multicast IP sessions are identified by a router. A data structure is maintained by the router and contains therein information regarding the multicast sessions, including a first pointer for each of the multicast sessions, at least one chain of one or more blocks of second pointers and one or more transmit control blocks (TCBs). Each first pointer points to a chain of one or more blocks of second pointers. Each second pointer corresponds to an outbound interface (OIF) participating in the multicast session and identifies a number of times packets associated with the multicast session are to be replicated. The TCBs have stored therein control information to process or route packets. Each second pointer points to a TCB that identifies an OIF of the router through which packets are to be transmitted. 1. A method of managing multicast Internet Protocol (IP) sessions , the method comprising:identifying, by a router, active multicast IP sessions; andmaintaining, by the router, a data structure within a memory of the router containing therein information regarding the active multicast IP sessions; a plurality of pairs of a source field and a group field ({S, G} pairs), in which each pair of the plurality of {S, G} pairs defines a multicast IP session of the active multicast IP sessions, wherein the source field defines a source of a multicast transmission of the multicast IP session and the group field defines a group corresponding to the multicast IP session;', 'a first pointer associated with each of the plurality of {S, G} pairs that points to a dynamically allocated set of outbound interface (OIF) blocks, wherein a number OIF blocks in the dynamically allocated set of OIF blocks is dependent upon a number of OIFs of the router that are participating in the IP multicast session and the number of OIF blocks in the dynamically allocated set of OIF ...

DATA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND APPARATUS THEREOF

The invention relates to a system, apparatus and method for the distribution of digital data signals, which are received at a receiving means, to be sent to a plurality of locations downstream therefrom, in an efficient manner. The received data is received in a first format such as an RF format with a plurality of different components and is then changed in format, in one embodiment to an optical format. The data path is also split to allow a plurality of data paths to be defined which allow the data to be transmitted along the plurality of data paths to each of the downstream locations.

METHOD TO TRANSPORT BIDIR PIM OVER A MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHED NETWORK

A method, system and an apparatus to transport bidir PIM over a multiprotocol label switched network are provided. The method may comprise receiving a multicast packet at a network element, the multicast packet including an upstream label. The method may further comprise identifying, from the upstream label, a Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT) rooted at a rendezvous point. The packet may be forwarded along the MDT towards the RP based on the upstream label. The MDT may be identified from a downstream label and the packet may be forwarded along the MDT away from the RP based on the downstream label. 1. A method comprising:receiving a multicast packet at a network element of a plurality of network elements in a network;performing a route lookup at each of a plurality of edge router elements of the network;selecting, based on the lookup, one of the plurality of edge router elements as a root of a Label Switched Path (LSP) of a Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT) rooted at a rendezvous point (RP); andforwarding the packet along the MDT towards the RP via the root edge router element.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:identifying the MDT based on an upstream label included in the multicast packet; andforwarding the packet the along the MDT towards the RP based on the upstream label.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:identifying the MDT based on a downstream label included in the multicast pack; andforwarding the packet the along the MDT away from the RP based on the downstream label.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the MDT tree extends from the root edge router element to the RP to form a segmented MDT.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising creating one downstream state and multiple upstream states at provider edge router elements of the network claim 1 , wherein each provider edge router element acts as a label switched router configured to forward packets based on the upstream label and downstream labels.6. The method of claim 1 , further ...

MULTICAST MISS NOTIFICATION FOR A DISTRIBUTED NETWORK SWITCH

Techniques are provided for multicast miss notification for a distributed network switch. In one embodiment, a bridge element in the distributed network switch receives a frame destined for a multicast group on a network. If a local multicast forwarding table of the bridge element does not include any forwarding entry for the multicast group, a forwarding entry is selected from the local multicast forwarding table as a candidate for being replaced. An indication of the candidate is sent to a management controller in the distributed network switch. 1. A computer-implemented method for multicast miss notification in a distributed network switch that includes a first switch module , the method comprisingreceiving, by a bridge element of the first switch module, a frame destined for a multicast group on a network, wherein the first switch module includes a management controller associated with a global multicast forwarding table that includes a plurality of forwarding entries, wherein the bridge element is associated with a local multicast forwarding table specific to the bridge element and that includes a subset of the plurality of forwarding entries;determining that the local multicast forwarding table associated with the bridge element does not include a forwarding entry for the multicast group for which the frame is addressed;selecting a first forwarding entry from the local multicast forwarding table as a candidate for replacing with a forwarding entry for the multicast group for which the frame is destined; andsending, to the management controller, an indication that the first forwarding entry is the candidate for replacing with the forwarding entry for the multicast group for which the frame is destined.2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the management controller is configured to:retrieve, from the global multicast forwarding table, the forwarding entry for the multicast group, and wherein the management controller; andstore the retrieved ...

MULTICAST SNOOPING ON LAYER 2 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

A network system includes: a core switch; and an edge switch. The edge switch includes: a join message identification unit; and a marking unit. The join message identification unit identifies a join message from among MAC frames from the user network. The marking unit marks mark information to a header of a MAC-in-MAC frame in which the identified join message is encapsulated. The core switch includes: a plurality of input/output ports; a mark identification unit; and a port setup unit. The mark identification unit identifies a MAC-in-MAC frame to whose a header the mark information is marked. The port setup unit associates a multicast group of a join message which is encapsulated in the identified MAC-in-MAC frame, with an input/output port to which the identified MAC-in-MAC frame is input. 1. A network system for communicating a layer 2 frame between user networks via a Virtual Private Network (VPN) , comprising:an edge switch to be coupled to the user network and the VPN, 'a converting unit that converts between a first layer 2 frame and', 'wherein the edge switch includes a join message identification unit that identifies, before being converted by the convert unit, that the first layer 2 frame from the user network includes a join message to be forwarded to a router from an apparatus to be joining a multicast group; and', 'a marking unit that marks a header of a second layer 2 frame in which the identified join message is included with mark information indicating the identified join message., 'a second layer 2 frame;'}2. The network system according to claim 1 , further comprising:a core switch to be coupled to the edge switch via the VPN,wherein the core switch is configured to snoop a join message in the second Layer 2 frame on the basis of the mark information included in the header of the second Layer 2 frame.3. The network system according to claim 2 , wherein the core switch further includes:a plurality of input/output ports that performs input and output ...

RELAY SERVER AND RELAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A relay server includes a VPN group information storage unit, an address filter information storage unit, and a communication control unit. The VPN group information storage unit stores routing session information indicating identification information of routing apparatuses that define a VPN group and the routing apparatuses that are connected to one another. The address filter information storage unit stores address filter information, which indicates a partner that the routing apparatus is able to designate as a packet destination, in association with identification information of the routing apparatus. The communication control unit is programmed to perform a control to, when a VPN is started in the VPN group, update a content stored in the address filter information storage unit based on the address filter information received from the routing apparatus, and establish a routing session based on the routing session information. 113-. (canceled)14. A relay server comprising:a relay group information storage unit that stores relay group information concerning a relay group including another relay server that is mutually connectable with the relay server;a relay server information storage unit that stores relay server information including relay server start-up information, client terminal start-up information, and client terminal registration information, the relay server start-up information concerning the relay server belonging to the relay group, the client terminal start-up information and the client terminal registration information concerning a client terminal that is connected to the relay server belonging to the relay group;a VPN group information storage unit that relates to a VPN group including routing apparatuses that are communication apparatuses being set as routing points among communication apparatuses included in a relay communication system based on the relay group information and the relay server information, the VPN group being configured to ...

Delivering multicast frames to aggregated link trunks in a distributed switch

A distributed switch may include a plurality of sub-switches. These sub-switches may be arranged in a hierarchy that increases the available bandwidth for transmitting multicast data frames across the switch fabric. Moreover, the distributed switch may be compatible with link aggregation where multiple physical connections are grouped together to create an aggregated (logical) link. Link aggregation requires similar data frames to use the same data path when traversing the distributed switch. With a unicast data frame, the sub-switch in the distributed switch that receives the data frame typically identifies the destination port (during a process called link selection) and forwards the data frame to the sub-switch containing that port. However, with multicast data frames, instead of the receiving sub-switch performing link selection to determine the destination port, link selection may be done by a different sub-switch or not done at all.

DELIVERING MULTICAST FRAMES TO AGGREGATED LINK TRUNKS IN A DISTRIBUTED SWITCH

A distributed switch may include a plurality of sub-switches. These sub-switches may be arranged in a hierarchy that increases the available bandwidth for transmitting multicast data frames across the switch fabric. Moreover, the distributed switch may be compatible with link aggregation where multiple physical connections are grouped together to create an aggregated (logical) link. Link aggregation requires similar data frames to use the same data path when traversing the distributed switch. With a unicast data frame, the sub-switch in the distributed switch that receives the data frame typically identifies the destination port (during a process called link selection) and forwards the data frame to the sub-switch containing that port. However, with multicast data frames, instead of the receiving sub-switch performing link selection to determine the destination port, link selection may be done by a different sub-switch or not done at all. 1. A method of forwarding a multicast data frame in a distributed switch , comprising:receiving the multicast data frame at an ingress switch in the distributed switch, wherein a multicast group membership associated with the multicast data frame specifies at least one destination switch in the distributed switch, wherein the destination switch comprises an egress port, wherein the egress port is one of a plurality of egress ports associated with an aggregated link;forwarding at least a portion of the multicast data frame to the destination switch by routing the portion to a surrogate switch in a hierarchy, wherein the destination switch is assigned to the surrogate switch in the hierarchy;receiving the portion at the destination switch via the surrogate switch; andtransmitting the portion using only one of the plurality of egress ports of the aggregated link.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aggregated link is compatible with the IEEE 802.3ad standard.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ingress switch does not perform link ...

MULTICAST TRAFFIC GENERATION USING HIERARCHICAL REPLICATION MECHANISMS FOR DISTRIBUTED SWITCHES

A distributed switch may include a hierarchy with one or more levels of surrogate sub-switches (and surrogate bridge elements) that enable the distributed switch to scale bandwidth based on the size of the membership of a multicast group. When a sub-switch receives a multicast data frame, it forwards the packet to one of the surrogate sub-switches. Each surrogate sub-switch may then forward the packet to another surrogate in a different hierarchical level or to a destination computing device. Because the surrogates may transmit the data frame in parallel using two or more connection interfaces, the bandwidth used to forward the multicast packet increases for each surrogate used. 1. A method of forwarding a multicast data frame in a distributed switch comprising a plurality of switches , comprising:receiving a multicast data frame on a receiving port of an ingress switch in the distributed switch;determining destination switches in the distributed switch that should receive at least a portion of the multicast data frame; andforwarding the portion of the multicast data frame to a first surrogate switch in a hierarchy, wherein the first surrogate switch is assigned in the hierarchy to forward the portion to at least one of: one of the destination switches and a second surrogate switch in the hierarchy,wherein the hierarchy increases an available bandwidth for forwarding the portion of the data frame in the distributed switch based on a number of the destination switches.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:forwarding the portion of the multicast data frame from the first surrogate switch to the second surrogate switch, wherein the first surrogate switch is assigned in the hierarchy to a subset of the plurality of switches and wherein the second surrogate switch is assigned to a subset of the subset of switches assigned to the first surrogate switch.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first and second surrogate switches increase the available bandwidth used ...

MULTICAST BANDWIDTH MULTIPLICATION FOR A UNIFIED DISTRIBUTED SWITCH

The distributed switch may include a plurality of chips (i.e., sub-switches) on a switch module. These sub-switches may receive from a computing device connected to a Tx/Rx port a multicast data frame (e.g., an Ethernet frame) that designates a plurality of different destinations. Instead of simply using one egress connection interface to forward the copies of the data frame to each of the destinations sequentially, the sub-switch may use a plurality of a connection interfaces to transfer copies of the multicast data frame simultaneously. The port that receives the multicast data frame can borrow the connection interfaces (and associated hardware such as buffers) assigned to these other ports to transmit copies of the multicast data frame simultaneously. 1. A method for increasing bandwidth when forwarding a multicast data frame , comprising:receiving a multicast data frame on a first port of a networking element;storing at least a portion of the multicast data frame in each buffer of a first plurality of buffers, wherein one of the first plurality of buffers is assigned to a second port of the networking element;storing a header corresponding to each of the portions of the multicast data frame in a second plurality of buffers, wherein one of the second plurality of buffers is assigned to the second port; andseparately forwarding each of a plurality of the portions of the received multicast data frame stored in the first plurality of buffers based on respective headers via respective connection interfaces of the networking element such that a combined bandwidth of the connection interfaces is greater than a bandwidth of the first port, wherein one of the connection interfaces is assigned to the second port.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the networking element stores the portion of the received multicast data frame in each of the first plurality of buffers in a single transfer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein storing the portion in a single transfer further ...

MESSAGE RELAY APPARATUS AND METHOD

A disclosed apparatus is a message relay apparatus. This message relay apparatus includes: a receiver that receives a message to be transferred; a determination unit that determines whether or not the message relay apparatus can afford to perform a conversion processing, when performing the conversion processing for the message; a selection unit that selects another apparatus to which the conversion processing is requested based on stored information representing other apparatuses that can afford to perform the conversion processing, when the message relay apparatus cannot afford to perform the conversion processing; a requesting unit that requests the selected another apparatus to perform the conversion processing for the message, and receives the converted message from the selected another apparatus; and a transmission unit that transmits the received and converted message to a transfer destination. 1. A message relay apparatus , comprising:a receiver that receives a message to be transferred;a determination unit that determines whether or not the message relay apparatus can afford to perform a conversion processing, before performing the conversion processing for the message;a selection unit that selects another apparatus to which the conversion processing is requested based on stored information representing other apparatuses that can afford to perform the conversion processing, when the message relay apparatus cannot afford to perform the conversion processing;a requesting unit that requests the selected another apparatus to perform the conversion processing for the message, and receives the converted message from the selected another apparatus; anda transmission unit that transmits the received and converted message to a transfer destination.2. The message relay apparatus as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising:a communication unit that receives a first message to announce that the message relay apparatus can afford to perform the conversion processing, ...

NON-FRAGMENTED IP PACKET TUNNELING IN A NETWORK

A method and apparatus is disclosed herein for IP packet tunneling in a network. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving, at a first network device, a first IP packet of a IP connection; creating a second IP packet by replacing information in a field in the first IP packet with a session ID identifying the IP connection; and forwarding, by the first network device, the second IP packet to the second network device in the distributed network environment. 1. A method for transferring IP packets in a distributed network environment having at least a first network device and a second network device , the method comprising:receiving, at the first network device, a first IP packet of a IP connection;creating a second IP packet by replacing information in at least one field in the first IP packet with a session ID identifying the IP connection; andforwarding, by the first network device, the second IP packet to the second network device in the distributed network environment.2. The method defined in where the information replaced in an IP address information and protocol information in the address and protocol fields respectively.3. The method defined in further comprising inserting control information corresponding to the IP connection into the second IP packet.4. The method defined in wherein the second IP packet is no larger in size than the first IP packet.5. The method defined in further comprising:receiving the second IP packet at the second network device; andretrieving the session ID from the second IP packet;using, by the second network device, the session ID to process the IP connection, including recovering the first IP packet based on information saved in a session table accessible by the second network device according to the session ID.6. The method defined in further comprising claim 1 , prior to receiving the first IP packet:encapsulating a third IP packet of the IP connection as a setup IP packet;forwarding, by the first network device, the setup ...

Psuedowire extended group messaging in a packet switched network

Embodiments of the invention are directed to extended psuedowire groups in a packet switched network. Embodiments associate a pseudowire to one or more groups at each provider edge device across which the pseudowire traverses. When a pseudowire set-up request message traverses across various provider edge devices, each provider edge device typically adds one or more local group membership information elements into the pseudowire set-up request message. In that way the grouping assigned by each provider edge device that the pseudowire traverses is made available to all other provider edge devices traversed by the pseudowire. Advantageously, this availability pseudowire grouping information allows any of these provider edge devices to initiate a wildcard message to notify other provider edge devices with respect to pseudowires in any of its local groups, as well as allowing a pseudowire to be bound to multiple groups based on various requirements.

Communication system, node, packet forwarding method and program

Even though the number of communication terminals or that of communication services exploited by the communication terminals is increased, load imposed on a node or a controller is to be less likely to be increased, while delay in processing is to be less likely to be produced. Each node of a communication system holds a plurality of packet handling operations which correlate the forwarding destination of a packet belonging to each flow with a set of collation rules that identify each flow, and forwards the received packet in accordance with the processing rules. In case the destination address of the received packet is such address indicating that the packet is to be multicast, the node multicasts the packet using the plurality of the processing rules the node holds.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SENDING PACKET

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and an apparatus for sending a packet. The method for sending a packet includes: receiving an original packet; querying a pre-configured GRE forwarding entry including next-hop address information and outbound interface information, and obtaining next-hop address information and outbound interface information of a GRE tunnel used to send the original packet; encapsulating the original packet into a GRE packet; encapsulating the GRE packet into an outer layer protocol packet; and selecting a sending path in the GRE tunnel according to the next-hop address information and outbound interface information, and sending the outer layer protocol packet through the sending path. Therefore, according to the method and apparatus, a packet sending path may be independently selected, thereby reasonably configuring and efficiently using each path of a GRE tunnel, and improving packet sending efficiency. 1. A method for sending a packet , comprising:receiving an original packet;querying a pre-configured generic routing encapsulation GRE forwarding entry comprising next-hop address information and outbound interface information, and obtaining next-hop address information and outbound interface information of a GRE tunnel used to send the original packet;encapsulating the original packet into a GRE packet;encapsulating the GRE packet into an outer layer protocol packet; andselecting a sending path in the GRE tunnel according to the next-hop address information and outbound interface information, and sending the outer layer protocol packet through the sending path.2. The method for sending a packet according to claim 1 , wherein:the obtaining next-hop address information and outbound interface information of a GRE tunnel used to send the original packet specifically comprises: querying the GRE forwarding entry according to the original packet, and obtaining primary next-hop address information and primary outbound interface ...

Method and System for Reliable Multicast

Method and system for transmitting a multicast message with one or more packets to a plurality of destinations is provided. The system includes an adapter including an entry port to receive the multicast message from a source for transmission to the plurality of destinations; one or more egress ports of the adapter that transmit one or more packets of the multicast message to the plurality of destinations and receives acknowledgement for the one or more packets from the one or more destinations; and a message manager that monitors the delivery status for one or more packets to the plurality of destinations without using a plurality of dedicated individual connections between each of the plurality of destinations and the source. 1. An adapter for transmitting a multicast message with one or more packets , to a plurality , of destinations , comprising:an entry port that receives the multicast message from a source for transmission to the plurality of destinations;at least one egress port that transmits one or more packets of the multicast message to the plurality of destinations and the at least one egress port receives an acknowledgement for one or more packets from one or more destinations; anda message manager that monitors delivery status for the one or more packets of the multicast message to the plurality of destinations without using a plurality of dedicated individual connections between each of the plurality of destinations and the source.2. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the message manager provides a delivery status for the multicast message to the source to after transmission of all the packets of the multicast message.3. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the adapter stores one or more packets of the multicast message for retransmission to a destination based upon the delivery status for the one or more packets to the destination.4. The adapter of claim 1 , wherein the adapter decodes a portion of the multicast message to determine addresses of one or ...

Method and Device for Processing Data Cell

A method and device for processing data cells are disclosed. The method includes: configuring a unicast routing table which includes a corresponding relation between unicast destination addresses and port trunking (Trunks), and a multicast routing table which includes a corresponding relation between multicast group addresses and Trunks; receiving data cells; determining a corresponding Trunk according to types of the data cells, if the data cell is a unicast cell, extracting a destination address of the unicast cell, querying the unicast routing table, and obtaining a Trunk corresponding to the unicast cell; and if the data cell is a multicast cell, extracting a multicast group address of the multicast cell, querying the multicast routing table, and obtaining one or more Trunks corresponding to the multicast cell; and selecting an output link from the determined Trunks according to a preset load balancing policy, and sending data cells through the selected output link.

INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An information processing device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes: a multi-core processor including plural cores; a virtual network connecting the plural cores to each other; a network interface; a router function unit configured, in a core of the plural cores, to act as a router between the virtual network and a local network to which the network interface is connected; and a forward processing unit configured, in the core that the router function unit exists, to forward either a multicast packet or a broadcast packet on the virtual network to the local network. 1. An information processing device , comprising:a multi-core processor including plural cores;a virtual network connecting the plural cores to each other;a network interface;a router function unit configured, in a core of the plural cores, to act as a router between the virtual network and a local network to which the network interface is connected; anda forward processing unit configured, in the core that the router function unit exists, to forward either a multicast packet or a broadcast packet on the virtual network to the local network.2. The information processing device according to claim 1 , wherein:the forward processing unit is further configured to identify a core as a source of either the multicast packet or the broadcast packet when the packet is forwarded, and transmit a response packet for the packet to the identified core as a destination of the response packet when the response packet is received from the local network.3. The information processing device according to claim 2 , wherein:the forward processing unit is further configured not to transmit the response packet to the virtual network if the identified core is the core that the forward processing unit exists.4. The information processing device according to claim 2 , wherein:the forward processing unit is further configured not to transmit the multicast packet or the broadcast packet to the local network if ...

COMMUNICATION CONTROL UNIT AND COMMUNICATION CONTROL METHOD APPLIED FOR MULTI-CAST-SUPPORTING LAN

A multicast processing section constructs, when it is determined that a received packet is a packet on a multicast packet and multicast group management protocol, a table showing a correlation between a host device and a multicast group in a port number-multicast physical address correlation storing section as well as in a multicast router-connected port storing section according to the received packet, and controls to transfer a packet for each multicast group between a multicast router and host devices according to the table. 1. A method of transmitting a packet in a network , comprising: determining whether the received packet from the first port is first message packet transmitted under a multicast group management protocol to query whether the network includes any active members of a multicast group;', 'setting a timer in a controller if determining that the received packet is the first message packet; and', 'transmitting the received packet through one or more ports other than the first port if determining that the received packet is not the first message packet., 'receiving a packet from a first port;'}2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:storing data indicating that the first port is connected to a multicast router.3. A method according to claim 1 ,wherein the first message packet includes a type field, andwherein said determining includes checking whether the received packet from the first port includes the type field of the first message packet. The present invention relates to a communication control unit for controlling a port to be used, for example, when a packet is transferred by using a multicast-supporting LAN (Local Area Network) as well as to a communication control method applied for a multicast-supporting LAN.In association with rapid and widespread use of personal computers in recent years, LAN has also become increasingly common, while computers and networks themselves have been more advanced and more powerful. In addition, ...

Enhancements to pim fast re-route with downstream notification packets

A failure detection mechanism provides enhancements to PIM-SM based fast re-route techniques. A network node upon detecting a loss of connection determines whether it can re-route multicast data traffic. If the network node does not have a failure-free secondary path, it can originate a notification packet and send it to the downstream parts of a multicast tree. The notification packet can trigger one or more downstream nodes to switch-over to redundant secondary paths to re-route the multicast data traffic.

Method and apparatus for removing bgp state from network edge elements

A core network aggregates control information and generates forwarding information at a route controller distinct from each of a plurality of provider edge (PE) routers along the edge of the core network. A network controller generates forwarding state indicative of a next hop router along the edge. Message traffic traversing the core identifies a destination PE, or exit interface, router from forwarding state pushed to the PE routers by the network controller. Aggregation of the forwarding information at the router controller and generating the forwarding state at the network controller removes control plane from the edge (PE) routers of the core to eliminate the need for BGP at the edge routers and provide a BGP free edge. This simplifies the edge architecture as well as directly accelerates the new service delivery by any given autonomous system.

SDN Facilitated Multicast in Data Center

A method implemented by a controller in a software defined network (SDN), the method comprising sending, to an overlay edge node, a query message comprising a client specific multicast address, receiving, from the overlay edge node, one or more report messages corresponding to the query message, wherein each of the one or more report messages comprises an address of each of one or more virtual machines (VMs) coupled to the overlay edge node, and updating membership of a multicast group, which is identified by the client specific multicast address, such that the one or more VMs are members in the updated membership of the multicast group. 1. A method implemented by a controller in a software defined network (SDN) , the method comprising:sending, to an overlay edge node, a query message comprising a client specific multicast address;receiving, from the overlay edge node, one or more report messages corresponding to the query message, wherein each of the one or more report messages comprises an address of each of one or more virtual machines (VMs) coupled to the overlay edge node; andupdating membership of a multicast group, which is identified by the client specific multicast address, such that the one or more VMs are members in the updated membership of the multicast group.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the client specific multicast address is contained in the query message as an inner source address (SA) claim 1 , wherein the query message further comprises:an address of the overlay edge node as an outer destination address (DA);an address of the controller as an outer SA;a virtual network instance identifier (VN-ID) of a client using the multicast group;a broadcast DA or the client specific multicast address as an inner DA; anda query payload.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:prior to sending the query message, receiving, from a management system of the SDN, notification information indicating a VM addition to or a VM deletion from the overlay edge ...

Method and System for Establishing Tunnels

A method for establishing tunnels includes establishing a first unidirectional tunnel from a first node to a second node, and sending a first instruction for establishing a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel, when sending the first instruction to the second node, triggering the establishment of a second unidirectional tunnel from the second node to the first node, and binding the second tunnel to the first tunnel as the reverse tunnel of the first tunnel. A system for establishing tunnels is also provided. The establishment of a reverse tunnel may be automatically triggered after a forward tunnel is established, and a bidirectional tunnel is established.

Efficient layer-2 multicast topology construction

One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a processor and a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform a method. The method comprises determining whether the switch is a leaf switch of a multicast distribution tree of a multicast group based on a multicast topology query message from a root switch of the multicast distribution tree. If the switch is a leaf switch, the method further comprises constructing a multicast topology report message comprising layer-2 topology information of the multicast group associated with the switch.

NETWORK SYSTEM, AND MANAGEMENT APPARATUS AND SWITCH THEREOF

There is provided a management apparatus including a system configuration information management unit that manages coupling of a virtual switch and a network apparatus; a server information management unit that manages a multicast address to be used as a destination address when communication of a virtual server is converted into multicast communication; a multicast tree management unit that calculates a transfer route for a multicast packet on multiple physical routes; and a switch control unit that notifies the virtual switch or the network apparatus of the transfer route for the multicast packet that has been calculated by the multicast tree management unit, and thereby controls the transfer route for the multicast packet. 1. A management apparatus in a network system , the network system including a plurality of relay switches and a plurality of physical server apparatuses that are coupled via a network , and including a virtual server and a virtual switch that are configured on each of the physical servers , the virtual switch having a function of converting communication of the virtual server into multicast communication , the management apparatus being coupled to the relay switches and the physical server apparatuses via a management network , the management apparatus performing:managing a coupling configuration of each virtual switch and each of the relay switches, a coupling configuration between each of the relay switches, and a coupling configuration of each virtual server and each virtual switch;managing a multicast address to be set as a destination address when a frame transmitted by the virtual server is converted into a multicast packet at the virtual switch;using the coupling configurations and the multicast address to obtain a setting that uses a plurality of routes for constructing one multicast tree on the network; andnotifying the virtual switch and/or the relay switch of the obtained setting for constructing the multicast tree.2. The management ...

50 Gb/s ETHERNET USING SERIALIZER/DESERIALIZER LANES

Systems, devices, and methods of implementing 50 Gb/s Ethernet using serializer/deserializer lanes are disclosed. One such device includes circuitry operable to provide a media access control (MAC) interface. The MAC interface is associated with a port having a 50 Gb/s link rate. The device also includes circuitry operable to generate Ethernet frames from data received at the MAC interface and circuitry operable to distribute the Ethernet frames across a group of serializer/deserializer (SERDES) lanes associated with the port, the group having size N. The device also includes circuitry operable to transmit the distributed Ethernet frames on each of the SERDES lanes at a 50/N Gb/s rate. 1. A device comprising:circuitry operable to provide a media access control (MAC) interface associated with a port having a 50 Gb/s link rate;circuitry operable to generate Ethernet frames from data received at the MAC interface;circuitry operable to distribute the Ethernet frames across a group of one or more serializer/deserializer (SERDES) lanes associated with the port, the group having a size N; andcircuitry operable to transmit the distributed Ethernet frames on each of the SERDES lanes at a 50/N Gb/s rate.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising MAC circuitry and physical layer (PHY) circuitry claim 1 , wherein the MAC circuitry includes the circuitry operable to provide the MAC interface and the circuitry operable to generate the Ethernet frames claim 1 , and wherein the PHY circuitry includes the circuitry operable to distribute the Ethernet frames and the circuitry operable to transmit the distributed Ethernet frames.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:circuitry operable to receive Ethernet frames on each of the SERDES lanes at a 50/N Gb/s rate;circuitry operable to bond the SERDES lanes into a stream of received Ethernet frames; andcircuitry operable to provide data from the bonded stream of Ethernet frames to the MAC port at a 50 Gb/s rate.4. The device of ...

FORWARDING A MULTICAST MESSAGE

According to an example, when configuring a multicast entry on an interface board, if the multicast entry is in hash conflict with multicast entries already configured on the interface board, configuring the multicast entry onto the master control board; when an interface board at the inlet receives a multicast message, searching in the multicast entries configured on the interface board for a multicast entry that matches said multicast message; and if a matching multicast entry is found, forwarding said multicast message according to the matching multicast entry; otherwise, sending the multicast message to the master control board; and searching in the multicast entries configured on the master control board for a multicast entry that matches the multicast message; and if a matching multicast entry is found, forwarding said multicast message according to the matching multicast entry. 1. A method for forwarding a multicast message in a network device comprising a master control board and at least one interface board , wherein the master control board and the at least one interface board are both configured with multicast entries in the form of a hash table , the method comprises:when configuring a multicast entry on an interface board, if the multicast entry is in hash conflict with multicast entries already configured on the interface board, configuring the multicast entry onto the master control board;when an interface board at the inlet receives a multicast message, searching in the multicast entries configured on the interface board for a multicast entry that matches said multicast message; if a matching multicast entry is found, forwarding said multicast message according to the matching multicast entry; otherwise, sending the multicast message to the master control board; andsearching in the multicast entries configured on the master control board for a multicast entry that matches the multicast message; and if a matching multicast entry is found, forwarding ...

Acknowledged multicast convergence

In one embodiment, a device connected to a network as part of a multicast tree receives a revised unicast routing and distributes the revised unicast routing and a query packet to a downstream device in the multicast tree. The device receives an acknowledgement message from the downstream device based on the query packet and determines a new multicast route based on the revised unicast routing and the acknowledgement message from the downstream device.

METHODS FOR MANAGING MULTICAST TRAFFIC BETWEEN SOURCES SENDING DATA AND HOSTS REQUESTING DATA AND NETWORK EQUIPMENT USED TO IMPLEMENT THE METHODS

A device, system and method for controlling the flow of multicast data packets from sources sending data to hosts requesting the data. In one implementation, a router is situated in a data network between sources that send multicast data packets directed to a multicast group and hosts requesting to receive the multicast data packets. The router has one or more network interfaces in the direction of the hosts and stores for each network interface, each multicast group address and each host at least one data record arising from one or more data requests made by the hosts which includes multicast group and source information. The router stores executable instructions to receive messages originating from a host, update the status of the data sources for that host and implement the actions according to one or a combination of Tables 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 disclosed herein. 1. A multicast router having one or more downstream network interfaces and situated in a data network system between sources that send multicast packets to one or more multicast group addresses and one or more hosts that request data from the one or more multicast group addresses and the sources , the multicast router storing executable instructions to read at least a portion of the information contained in one or more data requests made by the one or more hosts that requests multicast data from a multicast group address and to store for each downstream network interface , each multicast group address and each of the one or more hosts at least one record derived from the one or more data requests made by the one or more hosts which include multicast group address and source address information , the multicast router storing executable instructions to update the at least one record and implement the actions according to one of the processes of Table 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 or 7.2. A multicast router according to claim 1 , wherein the multicast router communicates with the one or more hosts via a communications protocol ...

Serial replication of multicast packets

Disclosed are various embodiments that provide serial replication of multicast packets by performing a first data fetch to fetch first data from a memory buffer, the first data comprising a first packet pointer representing a first packet and a replication number indication a number of times the first packet is to be replicated. Furthermore, various embodiments are directed to performing a second data fetch to fetch second data from a memory buffer, the second data comprising a first packet pointer representing a second packet and serially replicating the first packet and the second packet based at least in part upon the replication number and a predetermined threshold value.

Site-to-site 6rd tunneling using collocated border router and customer edge

In one embodiment, a router gateway in a first Local Area Network (LAN) hosts both an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Rapid Deployment (6rd) Customer Edge (CE) as well as a 6rd Border Router (BR). In one specific example embodiment, upon registering the BR to a global computer network, the router gateway may then accept a 6rd tunnel from a device hosting a second 6rd CE of a second LAN, such that the 6rd tunnel joins the first and second LANs into a single LAN. The second CE may then communicate, via the router gateway, between the first and second LANs as a single LAN (e.g., site-to-site), accordingly.

Systems and methods providing reverse path forwarding compliance for a multihoming virtual routing bridge

An information handling system is provided. The information handling system includes a plurality of routing bridges coupled to at least one node. The node may be multihomed and logically coupled to the rest of the information handling system through a virtual routing bridge. Methods and systems are provided to allow multicast packets originating behind the virtual routing bridge to be properly handled to comply with reverse path forwarding. This may be accomplished by creating and selectively using a plurality of routing trees that include the paths between the virtual routing bridge and neighboring physical routing bridges.

DELAY FEEDBACK FOR COORDINATED MULTI-POINT TRANSMISSION

In accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and an apparatus to perform operations including estimating, with a user equipment, one or more delays between receipts at the user equipment of transmissions from a plurality of transmission nodes (); determining channel state information by compensating for the estimated one or more delays (); and sending indications of the channel state information and the estimated one or more delays to at least one of the plurality of transmission nodes (). Further, to perform receiving from a user equipment one or more indications of one or more delays between receipts at the user equipment of transmissions of a plurality of transmission nodes; determining, based on the received one or more delays, a transmission strategy for one or more subsequent transmissions from at least one of the plurality of transmission nodes to the information and the estimated one or more user equipment; and implementing the determined transmission strategy. 148-. (canceled)49. A method comprising:receiving from a user equipment one or more indications of one or more delays between receipt at the user equipment of transmissions of a plurality of transmission nodes;determining, based on the received one or more delays, a transmission strategy for one or more subsequent transmissions from at least one of the plurality of transmission nodes to the user equipment, wherein the determining further comprises determining that one or more frequency selective phases are to be adapted by the one or more of the plurality of transmission nodes; andimplementing the determined transmission strategy, wherein the implementing further comprises causing selected ones of the one or more transmission nodes to modify signaling of at least one subsequent transmission based on the one or more frequency selective phases prior to transmission.50. The method according to claim 49 , wherein the determining further comprises determining ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING BOOTSTRAP MESSAGE

The present invention discloses a method and a device for transferring a bootstrap message, and relates to the field of communications. The invention is intended to solve a problem in the prior art that a public network tunnel needs to be separately created for a bootstrap message, which consumes a tunnel resource. A technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: receiving, by a first provider edge router, a bootstrap message sent by a bootstrap router; sending, by the first provider edge router, to a second provider edge router, a border gateway protocol BGP message including message content of the bootstrap message, so that after receiving the BGP message, the second provider edge router sends, to a customer edge router, the message content included in the BGP message. The embodiments of the present invention are applicable to a next generation multicast virtual private network. 1. A method for transferring a bootstrap message , comprising:receiving, by a first provider edge router, a bootstrap message sent by a bootstrap router; andsending, by the first provider edge router, to a second provider edge router, a border gateway protocol BGP message comprising message content of the bootstrap message, so that after receiving the BGP message, the second provider edge router sends, to a customer edge router, the message content comprised in the BGP message.2. The method for transferring a bootstrap message according to claim 1 , wherein the message content of the bootstrap message comprises one or more of the following: rendezvous point RP address information claim 1 , an RP service main range claim 1 , and bootstrap router address information.3. The method for transferring a bootstrap message according to claim 1 , wherein after the receiving claim 1 , by a first provider edge router claim 1 , a bootstrap message claim 1 , the method further comprises:determining, by the first provider edge router, that the message content of the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING DNS SERVER SELECTION USING ANDSF IN MULTI-INTERFACE HOSTS

Systems and methods for extending Inter System Routing Policies (ISRPs) of an ANDSF to enable domain name system (DNS) flows to be identified by a queried domain may be disclosed. Such systems and methods may include providing an ISRP with a routing rule that may be used to select a DNS sever or interface thereof and resolve DNS for a target domain name and/or corresponding target URL for a website. 1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) with multiple interfaces configured to extend Inter System Routing Policies (ISRPs) of an ANDSF to enable domain name system (DNS) flows to be resolved , the WTRU comprising: intercept a domain name system (DNS) query comprising a query name associated with a target domain name and a primary DNS server Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with a primary DNS server or interface associated therewith to resolve the target domain name;', 'receive an ISRP management object (MO) comprising a DNS query name or a domain name and a routing rule associated with the DNS query name or domain name, the routing rule specifying an interface associated with a secondary DNS server to select and route the DNS query to, the secondary DNS server being capable of resolving a private resource for the target domain name in the DNS query;', 'determine whether the query name in the DNS query matches the DNS query name or domain name included in the ISRP MO; and', 'route the DNS query to the secondary DNS server or the interface associated therewith using a secondary DNS server IP address associated with the interface specified in routing rule when, based on the determination, the query name in the DNS query matches the DNS query name or domain name included in the ISRP MO such that the target domain name is resolved by the secondary DNS server associated with the interface included in the routing rule and the private resource of the target domain name is available to the WTRU., 'a processor configured to2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Techniques for efficiently updating routing information

Techniques for efficiently updating routing information in a network device such as a router. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the routing information is updated upon creation or deletion of an overlay tunnel without the network device having to regenerate a Shortest Path Tree (SPT) by performing full Shortest Path First (SPF) processing.

Methods, systems and apparatus for the servicing of fibre channel login frames

Methods, apparatus and systems are provided for processing Fibre Channel Fabric Login frames by a FCoE device interconnection apparatus (FIA) and a FCoE device interconnection apparatus controller (FIAC). A Fabric Login (FLOGI) Fibre Channel frame is encapsulated into a Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) FIP FLOGI frame at a Fibre Channel device interconnection apparatus (FIA). The encapsulated frame is transmitted from the FIA to a FCoE device interconnection apparatus controller (FIAC). A FIP link service accept (LS_ACC) frame is transmitted by the FIAC to the FIA, and the FIP LS_ACC frame is received by the FIA. The FIP frame is decapsulated into a Fibre Channel LS_ACC frame at the FIA. The Fibre Channel LS_ACC frame is transmitted back to the said Fibre Channel device.

Method for processing multicast group, dci router and system

The present invention provides a method for processing a multicast group, a DCI router, and a system. A data center interconnect (DCI) router of a first DC acquires multicast group information of a subnet in the first DC, where a first protocol is used for communications in the first DC; and sends a multicast processing request message encapsulated by a second protocol to a second DC, where the multicast processing request message includes the multicast group information. In this way, multicast groups in different DCs having same multicast group information establish a connection to form a cross-DC multicast group, and VMs in the same multicast group distributed in different DCs can implement cross-DC communicating.

Methods, systems and apparatus for the servicing of fibre channel fabric login frames

Methods, apparatus and systems are provided for processing Fibre Channel Fabric Login frames by a FCoE device interconnection apparatus (FIA) and a FCoE device interconnection apparatus controller (FIAC). A Fabric Login (FLOGI) Fibre Channel frame is encapsulated into a Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) FIP FLOGI frame at a Fibre Channel device interconnection apparatus (FIA). The encapsulated frame is transmitted from the FIA to a FCoE device interconnection apparatus controller (FIAC). A FIP link service accept (LS_ACC) frame is transmitted by the FIAC to the FIA, and the FIP LS_ACC frame is received by the FIA. The FIP frame is decapsulated into a Fibre Channel LS_ACC frame at the FIA. The Fibre Channel LS_ACC frame is transmitted back to the said Fibre Channel device.

Method and system for pushing message box

Method and system for pushing a message box. The method includes sending, by a server, a data unique notification to a client when the server needs to send a message box; sending a message box receiving request having an identity to the server after receiving the data unique notification; pushing, by the server, data of the message box to the client after verifying the identity. By means of elaborate operations, such as the identity, a keep-alive communication mechanism and an active pushing mechanism as required which is controlled by the server, the present disclosure solves the problem of delay for pushing the message box, controls the risk of being attacked, and lowers the pressure to a pushing server brought by real-time pushing.

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR COMP RETRANSMISSION

The present invention provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for CoMP retransmission. The method includes: sending downlink control signaling to a user equipment UE, so that the UE receives, according to the downlink control signaling, an initially transmitted signal sent by a serving transmission point and a cooperative transmission point by joint processing mode; receiving first NAK information corresponding to the initially transmitted signal and returned by the UE, and sending a retransmitted signal corresponding to the initially transmitted signal to the UE according to the first NAK information, where the initially transmitted signal also corresponds to second NAK information sent by the UE to the cooperative transmission point, where the second NAK information is used to instruct the cooperative transmission point to, when the serving transmission point sends the retransmitted signal to the UE, reduce interference to the UE with scheduling. 1. A method for coordinated multiple point transmission/reception (CoMP) retransmission , comprising:sending downlink control signaling to a user equipment (UE), so that the UE receives, according to the downlink control signaling, an initially transmitted signal sent by a serving transmission point and a cooperative transmission point by joint processing; andreceiving first non-acknowledgement (NAK) information corresponding to the initially transmitted signal and returned by the UE, and sending to the UE, according to the first NAK information, a retransmitted signal corresponding to the initially transmitted signal, wherein the initially transmitted signal also corresponds to second NAK information sent by the UE to the cooperative transmission point, wherein the second NAK information is used to instruct the cooperative transmission point to, when the serving transmission point sends the retransmitted signal to the UE, reduce interference to the UE with scheduling.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

MPLS TRAFFIC ENGINEERING FOR POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT LABEL SWITCHED PATHS

A source edge router initiates point-to-point (P2P) label switched paths (LSPs) to multiple receiver edge routers, sends one or more PATH messages to one or more nodes downstream of the source edge router for the P2P LSPs, wherein each one of the set of PATH messages includes a same identifier of a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) LSP that includes a session object that contains a tunnel identifier and a P2MP identifier, and receives from each of those nodes downstream of the source edge router, a set of one or more RESV messages, wherein each one of the received RESV messages received from a respective node downstream of the source edge router includes the identifier of the P2MP LSP and a label allocated by that node downstream of the source edge router. 1. A method performed by a source edge router , comprising:initiating a plurality of point-to-point (P2P) label switched paths (LSPs) to a plurality of receiver edge routers;sending a set of one or more PATH messages to one or more nodes downstream of the source edge router for the P2P LSPs, wherein each one of the set of PATH messages includes a same identifier of a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) LSP that includes a session object that contains a tunnel identifier and a P2MP identifier; andreceiving, from each of the one or more nodes downstream of the source edge router, a set of one or more RESV messages, wherein each one of the received RESV messages received from a respective node downstream of the source edge router includes the identifier of the P2MP LSP and a label allocated by that node downstream of the source edge router.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the session object further includes an address of the source edge router3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:creating a mapping of an IP address associated with the P2MP LSP to each label included in the set of RESV messages.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:sending a PATH TEAR message to one of the one or more downstream nodes that is on a ...

CONVERGENCE NETWORK BASED ON IDENTIFIER AND COMMUNICATION METHOD USING THE SAME

A convergence network based on an identifier and a communication method using the same are provided. The convergence network based on the identifier includes an underlying network including a plurality of communication entities and an access router configured to separate IDs and locators of the communication entities; at least one domain network configured in an overlay form using the access router, and configured to have a different identifier based on a communication type or a service type; and a global name server GNS configured to register an identifier for identifying each of a communication entities and a domain network. The communication entities communicate over the at least one domain network using the identifier. 1. A convergence network based on an identifier , the convergence network comprising:an underlying network including a plurality of communication entities and an access router configured to separate IDs and locators of the communication entities;at least one domain network configured in an overlay form using the access router, and configured to have a different identifier based on a communication type or a service type; anda global, name server (GNS) configured to register an identifier for identifying each of a communication entities and a domain network,wherein the communication entities communicate over the at least one domain network using the identifier.2. The convergence network of claim 1 , wherein the identifier includes an end point ID (EID) for identifying the communication entity and a domain ID (DID) for identifying the domain network.3. The convergence network of claim 2 , wherein the communication entity obtains the locator and the DID from the access router of the underlying network of the communication entity in the case of being connected to any one domain network claim 2 , and thereby determines whether the communication entity is connected to a new domain network using the obtained locator and DID claim 2 , and requests the GNS ...

MULTICAST-ONLY FAST RE-ROUTE PROCESSING FOR POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT PSEUDOWIRE

To protect a multicast data stream for a multicast group, two P2MP pseudowires are established to deliver multicast data for the particular multicast group to an aggregation node. The two P2MP pseudowires are defined such that the pseudowires have no transport nodes in common other than the aggregation node. The aggregation node replicates data received via a primary pseudowire of the two P2MP pseudowires to subscribers of the multicast group. The aggregation node monitors the data from the primary pseudowire to detect failures in the data flow. When a failure is detected in the primary data stream, the aggregation node replicates data received via a secondary pseudowire of the two P2MP pseudowires for delivery to the multicast group subscribers. 1. A method comprising:receiving data packets of a first data stream, at an aggregation node from one or more source nodes, via a point-to-multipoint path over a network;receiving data packets of a second data stream, at the aggregation node, from the one or more source nodes, via a primary point-to-point path over a network;wherein the second data stream is different from the first data stream;merging, at the aggregation node, data packets of the first data stream received via the point-to-multipoint path with data packets of the second data stream received via the primary point-to-point path, into a merged data stream;forwarding data packets of the merged data stream over the network to an access node.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first data stream is a video data stream.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second data stream contains support information about the first data stream.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the support information includes firmware updates or electronic programming guides or combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein data packets of the first data stream are multicast data packets and data packets of the second data stream are unicast data packets that are both part of an ...

CONTROL APPARATUS, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND PROGRAM

A control apparatus includes: a topology management unit that manages a network topology formed by including a plurality of relay apparatuses; a link aggregation group management unit that groups ports of the plurality of relay apparatuses, having a physical link with an arbitrary node of the network topology and manages the grouped ports as a port of a virtual logical link between the plurality of relay apparatuses and the arbitrary node; and a relay apparatus control unit that controls the plurality of relay apparatuses, having the grouped ports, so that, when one of the plurality of relay apparatuses receives a broadcast packet or a multicast packet, a plurality of same packet are not forwarded to the physical links that form the virtual logical link. 1. A control apparatus , comprising:a topology management unit that manages a network topology formed by including a plurality of relay apparatuses;a link aggregation group management unit that groups ports of the plurality of relay apparatuses, having a physical link with an arbitrary node of the network topology, and manages the grouped ports as a port of a virtual logical link between the plurality of relay apparatuses and the arbitrary node; anda relay apparatus control unit that controls the plurality of relay apparatuses, having the grouped ports, so that, when one of the plurality of relay apparatuses receives a broadcast packet or a multicast packet, a plurality of same packets are not forwarded to the physical links that form the virtual logical link.2. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe relay apparatus control unit, when the virtual logical link is set, controls the plurality of relay apparatuses to perform packet forwarding using a broadcast path or a multicast path that prevents forwarding of the broadcast packet or the multicast packet from a port other than a representative port selected in advance among the grouped ports.3. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , further ...

RELAY DEVICE, NETWORK COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, METHOD AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM

According to one embodiment, there is provided a relay device including: a first connection unit to connect to a first network; a second connection unit to connect to a second network; a virtual link management unit to control setting and releasing of a virtual link to logically connect a gateway existing in the second network to the first network, according to a predetermined condition; a relay processing unit to determine a relay destination of a packet received from the first network; and a virtual link transmission/reception unit to transmit the packet to the gateway in association with the virtual link, when the relay destination of the packet is determined to be the gateway and the virtual link is set to the gateway. 1. A relay device comprising:a first connection unit to connect to a first network;a second connection unit to connect to a second network;a virtual link management unit to control setting and releasing of a virtual link to logically connect a gateway existing in the second network to the first network, according to a predetermined condition;a relay processing unit to determine a relay destination of a packet received from the first network; anda virtual link transmission/reception unit to transmit the packet to the gateway in association with the virtual link, when the relay destination of the packet is determined to be the gateway and the virtual link is set to the gateway.2. The relay device according to claim 1 ,wherein the virtual link management unit acquires communication quality information of the first network through the first connection unit, and controls setting and releasing of the virtual link on the basis of the communication quality information of the first network.3. The relay device according to claim 1 ,wherein the virtual link management unit acquires communication quality information of the second network through the second connection unit, and controls setting and releasing of the virtual link on the basis of the ...

Flow-based load-balancing of layer 2 multicast over multi-protocol label switching label switched multicast

In one embodiment, a particular PE device of a plurality of multi-homing PE devices between a core network and a local network determines a subset of traffic for which the particular PE device is responsible. The particular PE also establishes, with itself as root, a multicast tree within the local network for underlay multicast groups. Traffic received at the particular PE from the core network is admitted into the local network only if the core traffic corresponds to the subset of traffic for which the particular PE device is responsible (and mapped into one of the underlay multicast groups for which the particular PE device is the root). Also, multicast traffic received at the particular PE from the local network is forwarded into the core network only if the multicast traffic corresponds to the subset of traffic for which the particular PE device is responsible.

Method and Apparatus for Establishing Multicast Path

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and an apparatus for establishing a multicast path. The method includes: when computing a multicast branch path to a first leaf node by using a constraint fails, degrading the constraint to obtain a secondary constraint; computing a multicast branch path to the first leaf node according to the secondary constraint; and establishing a multicast branch path to the first leaf node according to the multicast branch path obtained by computation. By using the method according to the embodiments of the present invention, for a leaf node to which a multicast path cannot be established according to a primary constraint, a substitute multicast path is established according to a secondary constraint, which ensures that service traffic can reach all leaf nodes in a multicast service and that the multicast service for the leaf nodes is quickly recovered when a fault occurs.

Network Layer Performance and Security Provided By a Distributed Cloud Computing Network

A GRE tunnel is configured between multiple computing devices of a distributed cloud computing network and a single origin router of the origin network. The GRE tunnel has a first GRE endpoint that has an IP address that is shared among the computing devices of the distribute cloud computing network and a second GRE endpoint that has a publicly routable IP address of the origin router. A first computing device receives an IP packet from a client that is destined to an origin server. The first computing device processes the received IP packet and encapsulates the IP packet inside an outer packet to generate a GRE encapsulated packet whose source address is the first GRE endpoint and the destination address is the second GRE endpoint. The GRE encapsulated packet is transmitted over the GRE tunnel to the single origin router. 1. A method in a distributed cloud computing network that includes a plurality of computing devices , the method comprising:configuring a Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel between the plurality of computing devices of the distributed cloud computing network and a single origin router of an origin network, wherein the GRE tunnel between each computing device and the single origin router has a first GRE endpoint that has a same first IP address and a second GRE endpoint that has a second IP address that is a publicly routable IP address of the single origin router;receiving, from a first client device, a first IP packet at a first one of the plurality of computing devices, wherein the received first IP packet has a first source IP address and a first destination IP address, wherein the first source IP address is a third IP address of the client device, wherein the first destination IP address is a fourth IP address of an origin server of the origin network, wherein the fourth IP address is advertised as a first anycast IP address at the distributed cloud computing network;processing the received first IP packet at the first computing device ...

ENCAPSULATED FRAGMENTED PACKET HANDLING

Example methods and computer systems for encapsulated fragmented packet handling. One example may comprise a first computer system detecting an egress packet that requires fragmentation and determining an outer connectionless transport layer value based on content of an inner transport layer header of the egress packet. The first computer system may generate a first encapsulated fragmented packet that includes a first fragment of the inner payload, the inner transport layer header and a first outer header specifying the outer connectionless transport layer value; and a second encapsulated fragmented packet that includes a second fragment of the inner payload and a second outer header specifying the outer connectionless transport layer value. The first encapsulated fragmented packet and the second encapsulated fragmented packet may be forwarded towards a second computer system to cause receive-side processing based on the outer connectionless transport layer value. 1. A method for a first computer system to perform encapsulated fragmented packet handling , wherein the method comprises:detecting an egress packet that requires fragmentation, wherein the egress packet includes an inner payload and an inner transport layer header that is generated according to a connectionless transport layer protocol;determining an outer connectionless transport layer value based on content of the inner transport layer header;generating a first encapsulated fragmented packet that includes a first fragment of the inner payload, the inner transport layer header and a first outer header specifying the outer connectionless transport layer value;generating a second encapsulated fragmented packet that includes a second fragment of the inner payload and a second outer header specifying the outer connectionless transport layer value; andforwarding the first encapsulated fragmented packet and the second encapsulated fragmented packet towards a second computer system to cause receive-side ...

Digital Fiber Link Transporting Multiple Analog Bands for Agile Conversion

A digital (fiber optic) link transports one or more RF digital signal blocks, that when converted into analog and (optionally) converted to a RF center frequency with an D-A converter, form RF analog signal blocks. The RF analog signal block occupies a specified frequency band and is preferably capable of being distributed over a downstream coaxial portion of a HFC network and/or being broadcast. The D-A conversion is performed in a fiber node at a remote location where the transmission medium converts from digital optical fiber preferably to coaxial cable. The multiple RF digital signal blocks may be broadcast to multiple nodes or unicast to a single node. The RF signal blocks allow for any type of band-limited RF signal to be transported. The optical digital traffic to compose a RF analog signal blocks using a D-A converter may be point-to-point Ethernet, or may utilize a software-defined networking controller such as the one described in the OpenFlow™ specification, and may use buffering as necessary. 1. A transmission system comprising:a circuit constructing a digital electrical signal stream that includes digital signal blocks directed to different fiber nodes connected to terminals belonging to different user groups, wherein the digital signal blocks directed to at least one of said fiber nodes carry information that is different from the information carried by digital signal blocks directed to the remaining fiber nodes; anda digital laser responsive to said digital electrical signal stream and sending digital optical signals to said different fiber nodes through optical paths.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein digital signal blocks directed to each one of the fiber nodes comprise a stream of Ethernet frames with a destination address claim 1 , and the destination addresses of the Ethernet frames directed to different ones of the fiber nodes are different.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein digital signal blocks directed to each one of the fiber nodes comprise ...

REPLICATION LIST TABLE STRUCTURE FOR MULTICAST PACKET REPLICATION

A replication list table structure for multicast packet replication is provided. The replication list table structure includes a plurality of entries. Each one of the plurality of entries includes a first field, a second field, a third field and a fourth field. For each one of the plurality of entries, the first field is used to declare whether the entry is an end of a program execution, the second field is used to declare the fourth field as a first type field for indicating a switch how to modify a header of a multicast packet, or as a second type field for indicating the switch, while reading the list, to jump to another one of the plurality entries, and the third field is preset to the first type field for indicating the switch how to modify the header of the multicast packet. 1. A replication list table structure for multicast packet replication , comprising:a plurality of entries, each including a first field, a second field, a third field, and a fourth field, wherein for each one of the plurality of entries, the first field is used to declare whether the entry is an end of a program execution, the second field is used to declare the fourth field as a first type field for indicating a switch how to modify a header of a multicast packet, or as a second type field for indicating a switch, while reading a list, to jump to another one of the plurality entries, and the third field is preset to the first type field for indicating the switch how to modify the packet header.2. The replication list table structure according to claim 1 , wherein for each one of the plurality of entries claim 1 , when the second field declares the fourth field as the first type field claim 1 , the fourth field is used to indicate the switch how to modify the header of the multicast packet claim 1 , and when the first field declares that the entry is not the end of the program execution claim 1 , the entry and a next entry immediately next to the entry are regarded as the list claim 1 , ...

Systems and methods for configuring a communications network

Systems and methods are disclosed for configuring a communications network. In disclosed embodiments, a set of permissible service link decompositions and a set of basic service links may be obtained for the communications network. A spanning subset of service links for the communications may be generated. Generation of the spanning subset may include selecting a decomposition of a first service link from a set of permissible service link decompositions; updating the set of permissible service link decompositions based on the selected decomposition; and updating the set of basic service links using the updated set of permissible service link decompositions. In some embodiments, obtaining the set of permissible service link decompositions can include generating a set of permissible service link decompositions by traversing decomposition graphs generated for each of the service links. In some embodiments, the communications network can be configured to satisfy network demands using the spanning subset.

Method, Apparatus and System for Processing Flexible-Rate Signal

The prevent invention relates to a method, an apparatus, and a system for processing a flexible-rate signal. The method includes encapsulating a signal from a client side to n optical channel data unit ODU signals, and encapsulating the n ODU signals to a flexible optical channel transport unit OTU signal, where a nominal bit rate of the flexible OTU signal varies according to a value of n and the n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. 1. A method , comprising:encapsulating a signal from a client side to n optical channel data unit (ODU) signals; andencapsulating the n ODU signals to a flexible optical channel transport unit (OTU) signal, wherein a nominal bit rate of the flexible OTU signal varies according to a value of n and wherein the value of n is an integer greater than 1.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:determining traffic information according to traffic information of the signal from the client side;determining whether the signal from the client side meets a traffic control requirement according to the traffic information;encapsulating the signal from the client side to the n ODU signals in response to the signal from the client side meeting the traffic control requirement; andbuffering the signal from the client side in response to the signal from the client side not meeting the traffic control requirement.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:determining the value of n according to traffic information of the signal from the client side.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:performing electrical-to-optical conversion on the flexible OTU signal to generate an optical channel (OCh) signal;determining a transmit clock according to traffic information of the signal from the client side; andsending the OCh signal according to the transmit clock.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:performing electrical-to-optical conversion on the flexible OTU signal to generate an OCh signal; ...

MULTICASTING A DATA MESSAGE IN A MULTI-SITE NETWORK

According to an example, in a method for multicasting a data message by an apparatus in a multi-site network (MSN), a multicast data message that is to be communicated to another apparatus over the MSN network may be received, in which the apparatus includes a MSN-link port through which data messages are to be communicated to the another apparatus. In addition, a determination may be made that the received multicast data message is to be communicated to the another apparatus through the MSN-link port. The received multicast data message may be replicated and the replicated multicast data message may be encapsulated into a MSN message. Moreover; the MSN message encapsulating the replicated multicast data message may be tunneled to the another apparatus over the MSN-link port. 1. A method for multicasting a data message by an apparatus over a multi-site network (MSN) , said method comprising:receiving, in the apparatus, a multicast data message that is to be communicated to another apparatus over the MSN, wherein the apparatus includes a MSN-link port through which data messages are to be communicated to the another apparatus;determining, by a processor, that the received multicast data message is to be communicated to the another apparatus through the MSN-link port;replicating, by the processor, the received multicast data message;encapsulating, by the processor, the replicated multicast data message into a MSN message; andtunneling, by the processor, the MSN message encapsulating the replicated multicast data message to the another apparatus over the MSN-link port.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:identifying a designated router port in the apparatus corresponding to a virtual local area network (VLAN); andinputting a corresponding relation between the VLAN and the designated router port into a local multicast snooping table.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the received multicast data message includes group information of a ...

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, CONTROL APPARATUS, COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND PROGRAM

A control apparatus is configured to generate a processing rule that defines packet processing in a communication apparatus and set the processing rule in the communication apparatus, to determine one or more logical networks for broadcast targets, based on correspondence relationship between network address and logical network, to obtain one or more communication apparatuses connected to the determined one or more logical networks and to set the one or more communication apparatuses to perform broadcast transmission to the determined one or more logical networks. 1. A communication system comprising:a control apparatus configured to generate a processing rule that defines packet processing in a communication apparatus and set the generated processing rule in the communication apparatus; andthe communication apparatus configured to process a received packet according to the processing rule set by the control apparatus, whereinthe control apparatus includes:a first storage and management unit configured to store and manage a logical network to which the communication apparatus is connected;a second storage and management unit configured to store and manage a correspondence between a network address and a logical network to which the network address is assigned; anda determination unit configured to determine one or more logical networks for broadcasting targets, based on a correspondence relationship between the network address and the logical network stored in the second store and management unit; andwherein the determination unit of the control apparatus identifies one or more communication apparatuses connected to the determined one or more logical networks, by referring to the first storage and management unit with respect to the determined one or more logical networks, and sets the one or more communication apparatuses to perform broadcast transmission to the determined one or more logical networks.2. The communication system according to claim 1 , whereinwhen ...

METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING DATA PACKETS

A method and an apparatus for routing data packets. The solution in a communication network including a set of nodes, storing information regarding nodes of the network; and when transmitting a data packet to a destination node in the network, determining and including in the data packet the recipient identification; determining and including in the data packet the direction of the destination node in the network; determining and including in the data packet a hop count indicator indicating the number of node-to-node hops to the destination node; setting in the data packet the transmission direction indicator equal to a value corresponding to direction down and transmitting the packet. 130.-. (canceled)31. An apparatus in a first communication network comprising a set of apparatuses , the apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing computer program code and information on the number of child nodes of the apparatus, control communication with apparatuses operationally connected to the apparatus by transmitting and receiving data packets, the data packets comprising a recipient identification, a transmission direction indicator, and depending on the transmission direction indicator, a hop count indicator, wherein the apparatus is configured to receive a data packet;', 'determine the transmission direction indicator of the data packet;', 'determine if the apparatus is the recipient of the data packet and process the packet if so;', 'otherwise, if the transmission direction indicator equals a value corresponding to the direction down, determine whether the hop count indicator equals zero and if so, discard the data packet;', 'otherwise, if the transmission direction indicator equals a value corresponding to direction up, transmit the data packet;', 'otherwise, reduce the hop count indicator by one; and', 'if the transmission direction indicator equals a value corresponding to direction down and the number of child nodes is larger than one ...

Service Traffic Replication and Dynamic Policy Enforcement in a Multi-Cloud Service Mesh

In an embodiment, a data processing method comprises receiving, at a BIER replicator node that is programmed to implement Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) protocol, from a data source, a multicast stream packet identifying a service-level multicast group address; using the BIER replicator node, replicating the multicast stream packet according to BIER protocol and transmitting two or more replicated packet streams to two or more BIER receiver nodes that are programmed to implement BIER; using the two or more BIER receiver nodes, transmitting the two or more replicated packet streams to two or more receivers. Other embodiments may use modified iOAM (In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) techniques. 1. A method comprising:receiving, at a Bit Index Replication (BIER) replicator node that is configured to implement a BIER protocol, a metadata-enabled header that indicates a replicator policy;receiving, at the BIER replicator node and from a data source, a stream packet identifying a service-level cast group address of a service-level cast group;determining that the replicator policy indicates that the stream packet is to be replicated;replicating, via the BIER replicator node, the stream packet according to the BIER protocol to result in two or more replicated stream packets; andtransmitting, via the BIER replicator node, the two or more replicated stream packets to receiver nodes that are configured to implement BIER.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metadata-enabled header comprises an In-situ Operations claim 1 , Administration claim 1 , and Maintenance (iOAM) header.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting claim 1 , via the BIER replicator node claim 1 , the two or more replicated stream packets to two or more BIER receiver nodes that are configured to implement BIER.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving, at a BIER controller node, a query from the data source requesting identification of the BIER ...

PACKET FORWARDING APPARATUS, NETWORK SYSTEM, AND PACKET FORWARDING METHOD

A packet forwarding apparatus includes a transmitter configured to transmit a multicast packet requesting a response to a plurality of relay apparatuses each configured to relay a packet in a network, a memory configured to store apparatus information relating to on a relay processing status of the packet in each of the plurality of relay apparatuses, and a processor configured to update the apparatus information according to whether the response is received from each of the plurality of relay apparatuses, and switch a forwarding destination of the packet from a relay apparatus with no response to a relay apparatus with the response among the plurality of relay apparatuses according to updated data in the apparatus information. 1. A packet forwarding apparatus comprising:a transmitter configured to transmit a multicast packet requesting a response to a plurality of relay apparatuses each configured to relay a packet in a network;a memory configured to store apparatus information relating to a relay processing status of the packet in each of the plurality of relay apparatuses; anda processor configured to update the apparatus information according to whether the response is received from each of the plurality of relay apparatuses, and switch a forwarding destination of the packet from a relay apparatus with no response to a relay apparatus with the response among the plurality of relay apparatuses according to updated data in the apparatus information.2. The packet forwarding apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor controls forwarding of the packet for monitoring control of the network.3. The packet forwarding apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe processorrepeats transmission of the multicast packet,determines whether the response is received from each of the plurality of relay apparatuses every time the multicast packet is transmitted, andswitches the forwarding destination of the packet based on the updated data in the apparatus information ...

Methods and Systems for Efficient Cyber Protections of Mobile Devices

Enterprise users' mobile devices typically access the Internet without being protected by the enterprise's network security policy, which exposes the enterprise network to Internet-mediated attack by malicious actors. This is because the conventional approach to protecting the mobile devices and associated enterprise network is to tunnel all of the devices' Internet communications to the enterprise network, which is very inefficient since typically only a very small percentage of Internet communications originating from an enterprise's mobile devices are communicating with Internet hosts that are associated with threats. In the present disclosure, the mobile device efficiently identifies which communications are associated with Internet threats, and tunnels only such identified traffic to the enterprise network, where actions may be taken to protect the enterprise network. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a mobile device, at least one policy probabilistic data structure that represents each of a plurality of packet filtering rules of a security policy;based on a determination, by the mobile device, that a first attribute of a first packet corresponds to a first packet filtering rule represented in the at least one policy probabilistic data structure, transmitting the first packet to a packet gateway associated with the security policy;receiving, after transmitting the first packet to the packet gateway, a new packet filtering rule;updating the at least one policy probabilistic data structure to represent the new packet filtering rule; andbased on a determination, by the mobile device, that a second attribute of a second packet corresponds to the new packet filtering rule represented in the updated at least one policy probabilistic data structure, causing filtering of the second packet, wherein, prior to the updating, the at least one policy probabilistic data structure was configured to allow packets having the second attribute.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

PIM JOIN ENTROPY

Techniques are described for grouping related flows using a flow attribute value indicated by a modified protocol independent multicast (PIM) join request. According to techniques of this disclosure, a network device is configured to receive, from a downstream network device, two or more first PIM join requests indicating two or more multicast groups. In response to determining that each first PIM join request of the two or more first PIM join requests indicates a common first flow attribute value, the network device is configured to select a common path. The network device is further configured to send two or more second PIM join requests indicating the two or more multicast groups to an upstream network device along the selected common path and toward the source. Each second PIM join request of the two or more second PIM join requests includes a common second flow attribute value. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a network device and from a downstream network device, two or more first protocol independent multicast (PIM) join requests indicating two or more multicast groups;in response to determining that each first PIM join request of the two or more first PIM join requests indicates a common first flow attribute value, selecting, by the network device, a common path toward a source of the two or more multicast groups; andsending, by the network device, two or more second PIM join requests indicating the two or more multicast groups to an upstream network device along the common path and toward the source, wherein each second PIM join request of the two or more second PIM join requests includes a common second flow attribute value.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:extracting, by the network device, the common first flow attribute value from each first PIM join request of the two or more first PIM join requests; andgenerating, by the network device, the two or more second PIM join requests such that the common second flow attribute value included ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PROVIDE DEFAULT MULTICAST PROXY FOR SCALABLE FORWARDING OF ANNOUNCEMENTS AND INFORMATION REQUEST INTERCEPTING IN A HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Systems and methods to provide default multicast group (MCG) proxy for scalable forwarding of announcements and information request intercepting in a high performance computing environment, in accordance with an embodiment. In accordance with an embodiment, in order to scale the protocols to cover arbitrary number of nodes, a hierarchical scheme can be introduced where the total system is divided into multiple domains where each such domain is represented by an MCG Proxy instance for the relevant protocols. 1. A method for providing a default multicast group (MCG) proxy for scalable forwarding of announcements and information request intercepting in a high performance computing environment comprising: a plurality of switches, wherein each of the plurality of switches comprises at least one switch port of a plurality of switch ports,', 'a plurality of host channel adapters, wherein each of the host channel adapters comprises at least one host channel adapter port of a plurality of host channel adapter ports, and wherein the plurality of host channel adapters are interconnected via the plurality of switches, and', 'a subnet manager, the subnet manager running on one of the plurality of switches and the plurality of host channel adapters;, 'providing, at one or more microprocessors, a first subnet, the first subnet comprising'}splitting, by a subnet administrator, the first subnet into two or more logical domains, each logical domain comprising at least one switch of the plurality of switches and at least one host channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters;defining, by the subnet manager, a multicast group proxy (MCG proxy) within each of the two or more logical domains, wherein each multicast group proxy is associated with a cache;receiving, at a first MCG proxy within a first logical domain of the two or more logical domains, a request for information, the request for information being received from a second MCG proxy within a second logical domain of ...

Fronthaul interface for use with a cloud radio access network

A C-RAN includes a plurality of remote units; and a central unit communicatively coupled to the remote units via a fronthaul network. The central unit is configured to determine sets of data to be sent to respective subsets of remote units across the fronthaul network. The central unit is also configured to determine a mapping of each of the sets of data to a respective one of the subsets of remote units. The central unit is also configured to, for each of the sets of data, if at least one of the multicast groups wholly contains the respective subset of remote units mapped to that set of data, transmit that set of data to the respective subset of remote units over the fronthaul network by multicasting that set of data to the multicast group that best matches the respective subset of remote units mapped to that set of data.

SUPPORTING MULTICAST OVER A NETWORK DOMAIN

Various example embodiments relate generally to supporting Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)-based multicast over a Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) domain. Various example embodiments for supporting MPLS-based multicast over a BIER domain may be configured to support MPLS point-to-multipoint (P2MP) label switched paths (LSPs) over a BIER domain. Various example embodiments for supporting MPLS-based multicast over a BIER domain may be configured to support establishment and transport of P2MP LSPs over a BIER domain (e.g., signaling MPLS via the BIER domain, stitching the MPLS datapath to the BIER domain based on identification of P2MP LSPs within the BIER domain, and so forth). 127-. (canceled)28. An apparatus , comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory including computer program code; receive, by a Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) border router (BBR) of a BIER domain from a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) domain, MPLS signaling information associated with a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) label switched path (LSP); and', 'send, by the BBR toward a device configured to assign a BIER tree label (BTL) identifying the P2MP LSP within the BIER domain, the MPLS signaling information associated with the P2MP LSP., 'wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least29. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the MPLS signaling information is received as Multiprotocol Label Distribution Protocol (mLDP) signaling.30. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the MPLS signaling information includes a forwarding equivalence class (FEC) and an action.31. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the MPLS signaling information is sent in a BIER signaling packet.32. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the device configured to assign the BTL identifying the P2MP LSP within the BIER domain is a controller of the BIER domain or an egress BBR (EBBR) of the BIER domain.33. The ...

Deep packet inspection in a fronthaul network of a cloud radio access network

A C-RAN includes a plurality of remote units (RUs), each being configured to exchange RF signals with at least one UE. The C-RAN also includes a central unit communicatively coupled to the plurality of RUs via a fronthaul interface. The fronthaul interface includes at least one ETHERNET switch configured to perform deep packet inspection on a received packet in order to determine whether an RU identification is present in the packet. The RU identification, if present in the packet, indicates at least one RU the packet is intended for. When the RU identification is present in the packet, the at least one ETHERNET switch is also configured to communicate, for each of the at least one RU, at least a portion of the packet to the RU based on a comparison of the RU identification with at least one bit pattern for the RU.

Distributed Load-Control in Multi-Hop Networks

Techniques for controlling packet transmission levels in a multi-hop network may be performed in a distributed manner. Load-control functionality may be distributed among a plurality of nodes within a network, allowing such nodes to send feedback to upstream nodes, and receive feedback from downstream nodes. In an example, received packets are measured, such as by summing sizes of received packets over time, to determine a received traffic-level. Transmitted packets are measured, such as by summing sizes of transmitted packets over time, to determine a transmitted traffic-level. Feedback may be sent to at least one source of the received packets based at least in part on the received traffic-level and the transmitted traffic-level. The feedback may indicate a desired rate for the sender to transmit. A node may receive data from upstream node(s) and from an internal device, such as a metrology unit. Both data sources may be controlled by feedback. 1. A method of managing network traffic , comprising:under control of one or more processors configured with executable instructions:measuring received packets to determine a received traffic-level; calculating a difference comprising a summation of the received traffic-level over a unit of time minus a summation of the transmitted traffic-level over the unit of time;', 'calculating a quotient comprising the difference divided by the received traffic-level; and, 'measuring transmitted packets to determine a transmitted traffic-level;'} the calculated difference; and', 'the calculated quotient; and, 'determining feedback based at least in part onsending the determined feedback to at least one source of the received packets to request a transmission slow-down or speed-up.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring received packets comprises:summing sizes of the received packets over a period of time.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring transmitted packets comprises:summing sizes of the transmitted packets ...

CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN SEGMENT ROUTING

In general, techniques are described for conflict resolution in source packet routing in networking. For example, a first router receives a first advertisement originated in a first Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) level. The first advertisement specifies a first prefix and a segment identifier (SID). The first router also receives a second advertisement originated in a second IGP level of the network. The second advertisement specifies a second prefix and the SID. Based on the first advertisement and the second advertisement specifying the same SID and based on the first IGP level having less visibility than the second IGP level, the first router selects the SID to be associated with a route to the first prefix. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a first router in a network, a first advertisement originated by a second router in a first Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) level of the network, wherein the first advertisement specifies a first prefix and a segment identifier (SID);receiving, by the first router, a second advertisement originated by a third router in a second IGP level of the network, wherein the second advertisement specifies a second prefix and the SID; selecting, by the first router, the SID to be associated with a route to the first prefix instead of the SID being associated with a route to the second prefix; and', 'generating, by the first router, data associating the SID with the route to the first prefix; and, 'based on the first advertisement and the second advertisement specifying the same SID and based on the first IGP level having less visibility than the second IGP levelinstalling, by the first router, the route to the first prefix as an active route.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving, by the first router, a packet having a label that specifies the SID; andbased on the packet having the label that specifies the SID, based on the data associating the SID with the route to the first prefix and based on the route to the ...

DATA TRANSMISSION OPTIMIZATION METHOD, TERMINAL, AND NETWORK DEVICE

A data transmission optimization method, a terminal, and a network device are provided. The terminal determines to move along a track route included in a track context and reach a to-be-optimized route segment on the track route, where the track context is pre-generated by the terminal, and includes a track route along which the terminal moves and that is passed through by the terminal in a historical time and a to-be-optimized route segment on the track route, a value of a predefined measurement parameter meets a preset threshold value range when the terminal moves in the to-be-optimized route segment. The terminal sends a data transmission optimization instruction to a network device, where the data transmission optimization instruction is used to instruct the network device to perform a data transmission optimization processing operation, and the data transmission optimization processing operation includes adjusting a resource allocation policy of the terminal. 1. A data transmission optimization method , comprising:determining, by a terminal, to move along a track route comprised in a track context and reach a to-be-optimized route segment on the track route, wherein the track context is pre-generated by the terminal, and comprises a track route along which the terminal moves and that is passed through by the terminal in a historical time and a to-be-optimized route segment on the track route, a value of a predefined measurement parameter meets a preset threshold value range when the terminal moves in the to-be-optimized route segment, and the measurement parameter comprises at least one of signal quality, an uplink throughput rate, or a downlink throughput rate; andsending, by the terminal, a data transmission optimization instruction to a network device, wherein the data transmission optimization instruction is used to instruct the network device to perform a data transmission optimization processing operation, and the data transmission optimization processing ...

COMMUNICATION METHOD FOR ACCESS POINT AND TERMINAL FOR RETRANSMISSION OF MULTICAST PACKET IN NETWORK INCLUDING ACCESS POINT AND PLURALITY OF TERMINALS

A communication method of an access point (AP) for retransmission of a multicast packet in a network including the AP and terminals, includes selecting a candidate terminal to be used to retransmit the multicast packet, from the terminals, and retransmitting the multicast packet, using the candidate terminal. 1. A communication method of an access point (AP) for retransmission of a multicast packet in a network comprising the AP and terminals , the communication method comprising:selecting a candidate terminal to be used to retransmit the multicast packet, from the terminals; andretransmitting the multicast packet, using the candidate terminal.2. The communication method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining different data rates to be used to select the candidate terminal; andtransmitting, to the terminals, channel probe messages having the different data rates.3. The communication method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting comprises:transmitting, to the terminals, a request message requesting the terminals to retransmit the multicast packet.4. The communication method of claim 3 , wherein the request message comprises a message type of the request message claim 3 , or a size of a contention window to be used in a contention period (CP) in which the candidate terminal contends for the retransmission of the multicast packet claim 3 , or an expiration timer informing whether the CP is expired claim 3 , or a virtual carrier sense value notifying other terminals other than the candidate terminal to restrain use of channels claim 3 , or any combination thereof.5. The communication method of claim 3 , wherein the selecting comprises:receiving, from the candidate terminal, a response message responding to the request message; andselecting the candidate terminal based on the response message.6. The communication method of claim 1 , further comprising:broadcasting, to the terminals, an allocation message informing a result of the selecting.7. The communication method of ...

CREATING A GUEST-NATIVE EXECUTABLE IN A HOST OPERATING SYSTEM

The present disclosure relates generally to computer architecture and infrastructure for guest operating systems executing on a host operating system. A method of creating a guest-native executable includes receiving, by a host operating system, a call from a guest operating system to construct an executable from a guest-native source; creating an ecosystem for the guest-native source in a secure sandbox running on a host operating system; receiving the guest-native source; and executing the guest-native source in the ecosystem on the host operating system. 1. A method of creating a guest-native executable , the method comprising:receiving, by a host operating system, a call from a guest operating system to construct an executable from a guest-native source;creating an ecosystem for the guest-native source in a secure sandbox running on a host operating system;receiving the guest-native source; andexecuting the guest-native source in the ecosystem on the host operating system.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving includes receiving via a secure tunnel to create an encrypted communication path between the guest operating system and the host operating system.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the secure tunnel includes loop back networking.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein receiving the guest-native source includes receiving the guest-native source through the loop back networking of the secure tunnel.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secure sandbox includes is connected to a storage through the guest operating system.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein creating an ecosystem includes creating an ecosystem matching the guest-native source.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the guest-native source includes C claim 6 , C++ claim 6 , python or Java.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising converting the guest-native source from a first protocol to a second protocol executable on the host operating system.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein converting ...

Scalable Mechanism for Optimized Application Performance in SD-WAN

The present disclosure is directed to a mechanism for optimized application performance in SD-WAN, and includes the steps of receiving initial traffic packets at a first site for transmission to a second site; determining whether a direct tunnel is established between the first site and the second site based on a state of the second site, the state comprising an active state indicating that a direct tunnel is established between the first and second sites or an inactive state indicating that the direct tunnel is not established between the first and second sites; and in response to determining that the direct tunnel is not established, determining that the initial packets satisfy a configured trigger; forwarding the initial packets to the second site via a backup path; establishing the direct tunnel between the first and second sites; and forwarding subsequent traffic packets to the second site via the established direct tunnel. 1. A system , comprising:one or more processors; receiving, at a first data plane associated with a first site, initial packets of traffic to be transmitted to a second site;', 'determining whether a direct tunnel is established between the first site and the second site based on a state of the second site, the state comprising either an active state or an inactive state, the active state indicating that a direct tunnel is established between the first site and the second site and the inactive state indicating that the direct tunnel is not established between the first site and the second site; and', determining that the initial packets of traffic satisfy a configured trigger for establishing the direct tunnel between the first site and the second site;', 'forwarding the initial packets of traffic to the second site via a backup path;', 'establishing the direct tunnel between the first site and the second site; and', 'forwarding subsequent packets of traffic from the first site to the second site via the established direct tunnel., 'in ...

HANDLING PACKETS TRAVELLING TOWARDS LOGICAL SERVICE ROUTERS (SRs) FOR ACTIVE-ACTIVE STATEFUL SERVICE INSERTION

Example methods and computer systems for packet handling for active-active stateful service insertion are disclosed. One example may involve a computer system detecting a packet addressed from a source address to a service endpoint address. Based on configuration information associated with the service endpoint address, the computer system may identify a first active logical service router (SR) and a second active logical SR that are both associated with the service endpoint address and configured to operate in an active-active mode. The first active logical SR may be selected over the second active logical SR by mapping tuple information to the first active logical SR. The computer system may generate an encapsulated packet by encapsulating the packet with an outer header addressed to an outer destination address associated with the first active logical SR and send the encapsulated packet towards the first active logical SR for processing according to a stateful service. 1. A method for a computer system to perform packet handling for active-active stateful service insertion , wherein the method comprises:detecting a packet that is addressed from a source address to a service endpoint address;based on configuration information associated with the service endpoint address, identifying a first active logical service router (SR) and a second active logical SR that are both associated with the service endpoint address and configured to operate in an active-active mode;selecting the first active logical SR over the second active logical SR by mapping tuple information specified by the packet to the first active logical SR, wherein the tuple information includes the source address and the service endpoint address;generating an encapsulated packet by encapsulating the packet with an outer header that is addressed to an outer destination address associated with the first active logical SR; andsending the encapsulated packet towards the first active logical SR for ...

High Data Rate Extension With Bonding

A method of fragmented packet transmission in a multiple-channel passive optical network (PON), comprising fragmenting, by a Gigabit-PON encapsulation method (GEM)/next generation-PON encapsulation method (XGEM) engine of a network element, data into a plurality of packet fragments; encapsulating, by the GEM/XGEM engine, the plurality of packet fragments into frames; scheduling, by a bonding block of the network element, transmission of the frames on a plurality of channels, wherein an order for transmitting the frames is based in part on channel availability; and transmitting, by a transmitter of the network element, the frames to a receiver on the plurality of channels according to the scheduling. 1. A method of fragmented packet transmission in a multiple-channel passive optical network (PON) , comprising:fragmenting, by a Gigabit-PON encapsulation method (GEM)/next generation-PON encapsulation method (XGEM) engine of a network element, data into a plurality of packet fragments;encapsulating, by the GEM/XGEM engine, the plurality of packet fragments into frames;scheduling, by a bonding block of the network element, transmission of the frames on a plurality of channels, wherein an order for transmitting the frames is based in part on channel availability; andtransmitting, by a transmitter of the network element, the frames on the plurality of channels according to the scheduling.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein scheduling the transmission of the frames comprises transmitting packet fragments in a sequential order claim 1 , and wherein all packet fragments of a first packet are transmitted before transmitting any packet fragment of a subsequent packet.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a next packet fragment is transmitted in a next available channel of the plurality of channels.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising transmitting an idle header in a secondary channel when the secondary channel and the next available channel are available for communications ...