ARRANGEMENT FOR THE OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL DIMENSION AND MATERIAL CONCENTRATIONS

The invention concerns an arrangement for the measurement of physical dimension, like temperature, pressure u.dgl, as well as of material concentrations, consisting of light measuring instrument consisting of radiation source, Monochromator, light receptor and indicator as well as by the light measuring instrument measurable, at least an area locked containing one indicator material or also reaction material by a diaphragm and a reaction area. During arrangements of the designated kind so far Reaktionsund of indicator materials in diaphragms was sealed. This sealing must be overcome with the measurement of particle concentrations by these particles by permeation. The quantity of the particles for the measurement the available is thus permeation dependent, so that perhaps considerable time constants for the measurement developed. On the other hand if the diaphragms were improved regarding the permeation of the particles which can be measured, began with it also the Ausschwemmung of the Reaktionsoder of indicator materials from this containing area. There is therefore the task according to invention to prevent at the same time the Ausschwemmung of Indikaterund reaction materials and to reduce the penetration resistance of the cladding diaphragms. This task is solved thereby that the indicator material and the reagent are covalent immobilized by means of the diaphragms using a bridge molecule. The advantage of such an arrangement consists of that now the penetration resistance of the diaphragm is independent of the connection of the indicator to the area. It can be made permeable thus, for example by corroding a diaphragm, this also for large molecules, without an indicator intended for the optical measurement of these molecules is separated from the diaphragm. Thus schne leave themselves! l reacting indicator foils provide, which occupied the usual arrangement from a diaphragm covering and an indicator included in it with the “Optoden”, as such, measuring bodies reacting to physical dimension or particle concentrations by color change are designated, by only one, with the indicator diaphragm to replace. In addition, beside the called indicator areas “Optoden” reaction areas are used, which will measure the area, in which one measures by Optoden optically supervised or, whose task is it however, purposefully to change. For example a reaction area can be used, in order to replacieren a kind of particle existing in the Meßraum by another, better measurable kind of particle, how it is possible for example with the measurement of glucose: In one into the item under test spent reaction area by means of an enzyme the glucose is converted, which thereby oxygen used by use of Optoden determined. Since glucose is not directly optically assignable, the oxygen however with Optoden, which contain for example Pyrenbuttersäure as indicator, is well fluorescence-optically measurable, serves the reaction area here for the Replacierung of one by another kind of particle. Also this Deplacierung is diffusion, because the enzyme and the further must be included for reaction necessary material into a diaphragm covering. In order to improve also this limitation, the reaction material is kovalent immobilized by means of a diaphragm. The advantage of this arrangement exists - just like with the covalenten connection of indicators at diaphragms - at at the same time firm anchorage and the easy accessibility of the reaction materials for the particles which can be measured. The covalente connection of indicators or reagents or of both to a diaphragm leads thus once to that because of the separation of the means for the adjustment of the rigid ones effective in the arrangements of the mechanical characteristics of the diaphragms, for example of their porosity, which is improved to affecting particles adjustment of the arrangements to those which can be measured or that thereby the specificity of the entire arrangements for those which can be measured or to affecting particles is increasable that at the same time homogenization of the reactively working surfaces is attainable, because not only geometrical but also stoichiometric conditions are kept with the adjustment of the effective materials to the diaphragm. Thus both the calibration barness of the arrangements and their handling is substantially improved. Also the durability is improved, in particular also because the effectiveness of the used indicators and reagents became solvent independent. Further now simple stage areas are possible, by on a side of a diaphragm an indicator, on which a reagent is covalent bound other side. Thus a Replacierung of a kind of particle becomes possible by another and the simultaneous measurement by the indicator with a very small time constant, because a großfläehige presentation of reagent for the too replacierenden material and of indicator for the replacierten material is given at the same time, without it can come to loss of reagent or indicator substance by washing, as with the sealings used so far. The diaphragm is produced particularly favourably by polymerization. Because thus it is to be let run off possible the chemical reaction leading to the covalenten connection with the emergence of the diaphragm, so that one, which homogeneous containing diaphragm develops for effective material. For it Polysaccharide are particularly suitable due to the existing reactive OH-groups, whereby particularly the cellulose offers the possibility of forming few thick foils. In addition hiefür procedures are well-known, with which the permeability is influenceable by permeation of particles for wide ranges from particle sizes. Diaphragms, which contain silicon or silicon derivatives, offer another kind of advantage. Here the possibility can be created of binding over bridge molecules of materials covalent by Silanisierung of the surface which would not react otherwise with the diaphragm. Silicone rubber is such a material processable to diaphragms, which besides is still well gas permeable. If Wasserdampfdurehlässigkeit is necessary, Polyterephthalsäureglycolesterfolie can be used. As means to the Silanisierung above all 3 (Triäthoxysilyl) is - propylamin suitable. As bridge molecules also more-functional aldehydes, as for example Glutaraldehyd, are suitable very well. In particular, if fast reacting Reaktionsoptoden is to be created, a further advantage is attainable thereby that the indicator material and the reagent are covalent immobilized by means of a diaphragm. Succeeds however by use of bridge molecules not only immobilizing indicators or reagents themselves to a diaphragm covalent but also, to immobilize in Mikrooptoden included indicators thereby at a diaphragm that the covering of the Mikrooptoden is connected with the diaphragm chemically, for example by means of a silane. Also by it again an extension of the groups of materials enters, with which particle concentrations and physical parameters are optically detectable. If it should be necessary, the diaphragm knows with covalent bound effective lug, reagents and indicators, by well-known measures, for example densities, 3S silverings or means for causing of. Dispersions to be made optically effective, so that relief results in individual cases in the case of the optical measurement. In the following some examples of arrangements are indicated after the invention. First the connection of an oxygen indicator with a Polysaccharid. An example of such a system is the material combination cellulose - Pyrenbuttersäure, which leads to a thin indicator-occupied Optodenfolie: The connection of the indicator to the cellulose may take place only in the places of the indicator molecule, which do not have substantial influence on the fluorescence characteristics of the molecule, by the measurement (of oxygen) been made. Since the influence of the group of carboxyls on fluorescence is small, the Veresterung of the Pyrenbuttersäure presents itself to the cellophane foil. In addition the Pyrenbuttersäure with Thionylchlorid is converted to Pyrenbuttersäurechlorid: O ùCH2 - CHe, - CHz - C 77 " OH + SOC12 is then released the Pyrenbuttersäureehlorid from surplus Thionylchlorid, solved in Pyridin and verestert with cellophane foil CH °H 2 ù-o oùù H H: H OH 2 - “- O” 'C H H 0-- Pyrenbuttersäurecelluloseester develops. I0 changes in relation to the fluorescence characteristics the Pyrenbuttersäure do not arise with it. The response time to 12 cellophane foil of bound indicator is with 2 to 3 S. The possibility both indicators I and reagents of binding for example enzymes E covalent arises as a result of the use of bromine cyanogen, if the indicators or the reagents free amino groups (like the e-amino group with Lysin or “- the amino group with N-terminal amino acids) exhibit after the folenden reaction: Nr.385360 or i + CNBr 0 =NH+E-NH2 0 for reagents E 0 for indicators J a further procedure for the covalenten connection of reagents or indicator substances is the Silanisierung of Oberfläehen, for example by 3 (Triäthoxysilyl) - propylamin. An amino group develops, to those the reagents or indicators to be bound can after the following, for example reaction affecting a silicone rubber diaphragm M: H2N (CH), - SI (OC2Hs), H20) H2 N (CH2), - SI (OH), - Cz H5OH 0 OH 0 OH I I' '” Mi-OH+HOi (CH2), - NH2 --M-SI-O-SI (CH2), - NH 2 - ù o I 1 0 OH 0 OH oi. M-ii-O-ii (CH2), - NH2…. O OH J to the amino group of the activated diaphragm surface can be bound in well-known procedures both indicators J and enzymes E, for example over Cyanurehlorid: c1 c1 or particularly over Glutaraldehyd " o o h eH2 eH2 after the reaction: I --SI I (CH2) 3 - NHz ÷ o/o h - °ù2 - CHeOH2 C! O IE-NH2 --Tl B LJNB, I SI I f (CH2) 3N = - CH2 - CHzCH2 - CH2 - CH = N - E…. J H this connection is very careful, so that thereby also enzymes can be immobilized covalent. The connection is also an example of the use of molecular bridges between the support (diaphragm) and the substances which can be immobilized.