SPIROMETER

The invention concerns a Spirometer, consisting of a housing with a pre-chamber exhibiting an injecting opening and at least one outlet exhibiting and by several drillings with the pre-chamber connected cylindrical turbine chamber, in a partition wall, in which a wind wing rotor is, whose wave propels a pointer turning over a bull's eye scale over a reduction gear, whereby the wave is on the other hand in a plate the reduction gears stored on the one hand in a camp dtr Zwischtnwand and. With a well-known Spirometer of this kind only one pointer is present, its axle is coaxially to the axle of the wind wing rotor arranged and that over a reduction gear with a total reduction ratio of 289, consisting of two spur wheels and two gear drives: 1 with the Windflügeirotor is rigidly coupled. The wind wing rotor consists of an impeller, which is formed from a disk, at whose extent a multiplicity of diagonally-radially running shovel sheets is angeformt and which is fastened by means of a screw socket and a mother on the rotor while into this right-angled cutting level. Between the impeller and the housing pre-chamber is a partition wall, in which around the Lagerachse of the driveshaft around in small radial distance several oh savings allele to the rotor axis running drillings are arranged and which up to the level of the wind impeller are enough, which exhibits drillings together going around cylindrical wall, whose face the wind impeller in the operation position of the equipment mount. The axle of the wind impeller is stored, so that with influxes of injected air from the pre-chamber into the turbine chamber the wind impeller ven the cylindrical wall one takes off, in order by air flowing radially by the shovel sheets to be turned axially adjustably. Apart from the fact that this well-known Spirometer is only in a certain situation, i.e. in the vertical situation of the rotor axis, in working condition, it is necessary for taking the impeller off from the cylindrical wall in the turbine chamber for the overcoming of the dead weight of the entire Windflügeirotors a minimum seepage pressure, which cannot be applied by the person who can be tested in particular toward end of the blowing procedure in each case. This means that certain amounts of air cannot be registered by this equipment no more and thus the measuring accuracy does not correspond to the requirements posed in each case. The moreover is than being regarded unfavorably that the pointer of this equipment cannot be brought after a measure procedure into its zero position, it is, one tries the zero position of the pointer by a renewed according to proportioned injecting procedure. This is however already due to the operational principle described above not only pedantic and time-consuming but also in very high measure dependent on whether the person concerned succeeds in proportioning in each case the air flow necessary for the Nuilstellung of the pointer exactly enough. Dariiber outside is not possible it with this well-known Spirometer to accomplish direct comparative measurements between two following each other measuring procedures since with the new pointer movement the result of measurement obtained before, if it is not otherwise noted, is lost. The invention is the basis the task to create a Spirometer of the kind initially specified a substantially higher measuring accuracy guaranteed, lie-independently usable is and with that it is possible to begin each measuring procedure with the pointer position zero and accomplish direct comparative measurements. This task is solved according to invention thereby that for the interruption of the transmission of motion within the reduction gear the same it is equipped with a separation clutch operatable by means of a manual control organ and the pointer is provided with a separately zeroisable pointer of dragging with a zero-reset spring as well as and that in actually well-known way the wind wing rotor consists of a Rctorblatt doppelflügigen flowed against diagonally radially to the Retationsachse of the Windflügeirotors oh savings alleles. Position independence results from the possibility of storing the wind wing rotor axially non-relocatable. The higher measuring accuracy opposite the well-known Spirometer results on the one hand from a substantially improved force coupling between air flowing through the turbine chamber and the wind wing rotor and on the other hand from the fact that thereby in such a way the turbine chamber does not have to overcome flowing through air except the pure friction forces, which can be kept very small by appropriate storage of the driveshaft and the remaining transmission parts of the reduction gear strengths. Is of advantage special also the simple zeroising barness of the pointer, which must take place because of the presence of a pointer of dragging in each case in Gegenlaufrichtung, why a zweekmäßigerweise zero-reset spring is used, and further by the fact that the pointer of dragging, which stops at the end of each measuring procedure and must be zeroised by hand, which so for a long time indicates value measured in each case, until he is provided however by hand either by the pointer during a new measuring procedure or. Thus the s according to invention Spirometer offers substantial advantages, which make it also after strictly scientific yardsticks a valuable measuring instrument opposite the well-known equipment both concerning the handling and practical use and concerning the measuring accuracy. The preferential execution form of the separation clutch in accordance with requirement 2 does not only offer the advantage being very simply realizable but also positively on " the measuring accuracy affecting advantage that of the NuUrückstellfeder during the zeroising procedure of the pointer to moving masses and to overcoming bearing frictions are very small, since excluding direct with the Zeigerwelie connected parts are to be moved with the Nulistelivorgang. All remaining transmission parts are not seized by the zeroising procedure. Thus it is also possible to train the zeroising feather/spring very weakly so that it opposes during the measuring procedure a very small torque to the Zeigerantrieh. The pushbutton intended according to requirement 3 for the manipulation of the separation clutch ensures a simple and operator-safe operation for the execution of the pointer zero position and is realizable at very small expenditure. • around on the one hand during the measuring procedure as friction-poor a movement of the pointer of dragging as possible to obtain and on the other hand however the pointer of dragging in its at the end of a measuring procedure reached situation sufficiently fix, is appropriate it to out-arrange the invention in accordance with requirement 4. The friction clutch between the zeroising rotary button and the wave of pointer of dragging, planned in accordance with requirement 5, serves in its function as overload clutch for the avoidance of damages. The training and arrangement of the NuUsteUfeder in accordance with requirement 6 offer the advantage of a simple Hersteilbarkeit also with very small tolerances of the feather/spring characteristic, whereby is particularly important that this feather/spring exhibits as flat a characteristic as possible, in order to exercise over the entire range of rotation of the pointer as continuous weak a torque as possible on the Zeigerwelie. An arrangement of the invention very important concerning the measuring accuracy is the subject of the requirement 7. by it is ensured that due to the automatic locking of the Winkelgetriebes the kinetic mass forces of the reduction gear cannot affect themselves in the sense positive impairment of the result of measurement. A further advantage is to be seen also in the fact that by planning a Winkelgetriebes between the reduction gear and the driveshaft the plane of rotation of the pointer and thus the level of the scale sheet can be arranged parallel to the axle of the wind wing rotor, which for the use of the equipment is of advantage likewise. 3s further ones both the measuring accuracy favorably affecting and technically favourable arrangement characteristics of the invention are to be taken from the requirements 8 to 14. On the basis the designs now in the following a remark example of the invention is more near described. It shows Fig.1 a Spirometer in partly cut frontal view, Fig.2 a cut after the line II-II of the Fig.1, Fig.3 a cross section after the line III III by the body forming the turbine chamber, Fig.4 a partial in completion represented cross section of the reduction gear and/or the Zeigerwerkes, Fig.5 the individual parts the turbine chamber of forming body in perspective explosion representation, and Fig.6 a storage dtr Rotorwtlle cut in increased yardstick. As is recognizable from the designs, the represented Spirometer essentially consists of one of two bowl halves --2 and 3-- compound housings --1--, a turbine case --4--, a wind wing rotor --5--, a Zeigerwerk --6-- with reduction gear --7-- and a scale sheet --8--. The outside form of the housing --1-- corresponds the one rotator with a handle-like completely recessed lower part --9-- and one einstückig in each case to the two bowl halves --2 and 3-- angeformten spherical heading --10--, that on the front side a so cylindrical recess --11-- with a central drilling --12-- exhibiting prefabricated floor --13-- and on the back a kalottenartige recess possesses --14-- with one coaxially for central drilling --12-- arranged drilling --15-- exhibits. The interface level - o16-- the two bowl halves --2 and 3-- runs in the longitudinal center of the housing --1-- parallel to the prefabricated floor --13-- the front-lateral recess --11--, whereby in this interface level the two bowl halves by means of a circulating groove feather/spring connection --17/18-- interlink. The two bowl halves --2 and 3-- are by means of screws --19--, by which in the designs only two are represented, connected. For the admission of the screws --19-- is the one bowl half --3-- in the lower Gehäusetefl --9-- with cylindrical, inward arranged hollow taps --20-- and the other Sehalenhälfte --2-- with coaxially hollow taps arranged in addition --21-- provided. The front bowl half possesses a conical in its lower part in addition inblasöffnung --22--, into which a not represented aligner of a blast tube can be put. Between the cavity of the housing lower part --9-- and the cavity of the heading --10-- is a partition wall --23--, the one centric drilling --24-- exhibits. In the height of the horizontal centre plane of the heading --10-- is in the two Sehalenhälften --2 and 3-- a recess --25-- trained, on their inside itself of wall parts --26, 27, 28-- formed cavity --29-- finds, whereby the faces of the wall part --28-- and the housing wall --30-- in each case with coaxial semicircular recesses for the admission of a bush --31-- are provided. In a something over the half height of the Gahäuseunterteiles lying horizontal plane is the housing --1-- with an internal enular groove --32-- provided, in which that turbine cases described in the following more near --4-- it is in such a manner fastened that a hermetic conclusion between the underlying pre-chamber --33--, into which the injecting opening --22-- flows, and to the above cavity --34--, that with several discharge openings --35-- is provided, is ensured. As best from the Fig.1, 3 and 5 recognizable, exists the turbine case is --4-- from two positively built up parts --86 and 37--. The top --36-- consists of a cylindrical hollow body with a cylindrical external wall --38--, over the entire axial length extends, from a front wall --39--, the one central drilling --40-- exhibits, as well as from a cylindrical inner wall --41--, is thicker than the external wall --38-- and itself of the upper front wall --39-- to for instance to the half axial length of the external wall --38-- extended and in one parallel to the upper front wall ends to running level. The lower front surface --42-- the inner wall --41-- a middle Ringrlppe rechteckförmige in the cross section points --43-- up, which cut diagonally radially running halfcylindrical from each other arranged by a multiplicity of in even angle distances --44--, itself by the entire thickness of the inner wall --41-- extend, is interrupted. Rank in dash-dotted lines in Fig. 3 angedueteten axles --44a-- the halfcylindrical Einsehnitte --44a-- with a circle k, its diameters about two thirds of the Innendurehmessers of the inner wall likewise shown in dash-dotted lines in Fig.3 --41-- amounts to. The part --37-- consists of a circular ground --45-- with a concentrically arranged, in the diameter and thickness on the inner wall --41-- the part --36-- co-ordinated, hollowcylindrical wall --46-- and a circulating enular groove --47--. This enular groove is on the inside conical behind-cut and serves as the resting admission of the lower end of the cylindrical external wall of the part --36--, those on the inside with a conical ring cut --48-- is provided. The upper front surface --49-- one possesses the cross-sectional shape of the ring rib --43-- the inner wall --41-- appropriate enular groove --50-- and the same number of diagonally radial halfcylindrical cut --51-- like the Stlrnfläche --42-- the inner wall --41--, those after joining the two parts --36 and 37-- diagonally radial cylindrical drillings --52-- form, which on the one hand between the inner wall --41-- and the wall --46-- and on the other hand the cylindrical external wall --38-- formed ring fight --53-- (S. Fig. 1) with the turbine chamber --54-- connect. In between the enular groove --47-- and the wall --46-- lying gap are in the ground --45-- evenly around the wall --46-- around distributes arranged axial drillings --55-- planned, which the pre-chamber --33-- with the ring chamber --53-- the turbine case --4-- connects. In order to guarantee that when the assembling of the two parts --36 and 37-- the halfcylindrical Einsehnitte --44 and 51-- congruently to lie in each case one on the other, is the external wall comes --38-- with a radially managing tongue --56-- and the ground --45-- with this taking up Radialuut --57-- provided. The descriptive division in two parts of the turbine case --4-- a condition is on the one hand for the fabrication of the turbine case --4-- in the injection moulding procedure and for using the wind wing rotor --5--, its radial expansion is larger than that the drilling --44-- in the front wall --39-- the turbine case --4-- (S. Fig.1). That turbine-go use --4-- 1 is positive into the housing --- begun, by the edge of the ground --45-- in the internal enular groove --32-- the lower Gehäuseteiles --1-- sits. The wind wing rotor --5-- consists of a thin rectangular plate --58--, their length and width approximately around 0,5 to 2 mm of mine are more mer as the light “width of the Turbinenk m --54--, and from a hollow shaft --59--, on that the plate --58-- in from the Fig.1, 3 and 5 recognizable way is fastened. As is recognizable from Fig.6, is the hollow shaft --59-- at both ends with pressed in Lagerstfften -60 and 61-- provided, by means of which it on the one hand in a Steinlager --62-- the ground --45-- the turbine case --4-- and on the other hand in a Steinlager --63-- is easily swivelling stored. The two Steinlager --62 and 63-- sit in each case in versions --64--, of those upper in a camp block - 65-- and the lower in the ground --45-- sits. The upper end of the hollow shaft --59-- snail is with one fastened --66-- equipped, those with a worm gear --67-- in interference stands. The worm gear --67-- is on a Triebwelle --68-- fastened, with which a gear wheel --tig-- in interference, that stands on a wave --70-- is caked-on arranged. The Triebwelle --68-- and the wave --70-- are swivelling in two by several columns --71-- connected camp plates --72 and 73-- stored, which by means of check lock washers --74-- on cylindrical beginning taps --75-- the prefabricated floor --! 3-- are fastened (Fig.4). On that the gear wheel --69-- opposite end of the wave --70-- is a back-up ring --76-- firmly pressed on. Between this back-up ring --76-- and a Flanschbuchse --77--, those axially mobile and turningmobile on the wave --70-- , finds calibrates a loose on the wave is stored --70-- stored pinion --78--, that with a gear wheel --79-- in interference stands. Between the Flanschbuchse --77-- and the gear wheel --69-- is on the wave --70-- a compression spring --80-- arranged, which the Flanschbuchse --77-- in axial direction against the pinion --78-- and this against the back-up ring --76-- presses. On both sides the pinion --78-- are friction washers --81-- arranged, a slip-free strength the conclusive connection between the back-up ring --76-- and the pinion --78-- ensure. These parts of -76 to 81-- represent a solvable clutch, those with the help of one radially to the wave --70-- mobile tracer --82-- is operatable. The tracer --82-- is axially mobile in the bush --31-- against the effect of a compression spring --83-- operatable, in such a manner that the conical end --84-- its shank --85-- in the cooperation with a conical Ring'fläche --86-- the Flanschbuchse --77-- an axial movement of the Flanschbuchse --77-- and thus an interruption of the force river between the wave --70-- and the pinion --78-- caused, which gropes --82-- is by means of a lock washer --87-- at the bush --31-- secured. With the pinion --78-- in interference standing gear wheel --79-- sits firmly on a hollow shaft --88--, which swivelling in the plate --73-- and the drilling is stored --12-- the camp ground --13-- the front-lateral bowl half --2-- through-risen up and with a pointer --89-- is equipped. The pointer --89-- is by means of a socket --90-- on the hollow shaft --88-- fastened. On the hollow shaft --88-- is a coil spring --91-- Grölerei of diameter. The end --92-- the coil spring --91-- is into a drilling of the gear wheel --79-- hung up, during dae other end --93-- the coil spring -91-- at the column --71-- is fastened. This coil spring --91-- serves as zero-reset spring for the pointer --89--, into its Nu11 ge at a stop pin --94-- lies close. In the hollow shaft --88-- is one relative to this swivelling S.chleppzeigerwelle --95--, einerends with a pointer of dragging --96-- is equipped, the one in the movement motion of the pointer -89-- meeting driver tongue --97I-- , and at the other end, that exhibits in the drilling --15-- the rear housing bowl --3-- rises up, with a rotary button --97-- , that is equipped to now places of the pointer of dragging --96-- serves. The rotary button --97-- is by a compression spring --98-- actuated with the wave of pointer of dragging --95-- connected, so that it is relative to the wave of pointer of dragging swivelling, if the pointer of dragging is in zero position and at the Ansehlagstift --94-- lies close. The wave of pointer of dragging -95-- is swivelling in the plate --72-- stored and by two lock washers --99 and 100-- against axial shift secured. Is the lock washer --99-- on the inside of the plate --72-- arranged and the lock washer --100-- in some distance on the exterior of the plate --72--, whereby itself between the plate --72-- and the lock washer --100-- one axially adjustably and swivelling on the wave of pointer of dragging --95-- stored Flanschbuchse --i01-- , those finds from a compression spring --102-- is surrounded. On both sides the plate --72-- are friction washers --103-- arranged, which cooperate, with the compression spring --102--, the Flanschbuchse --101-- and the two lock washers --99 and 100-- and so a friction brake for the wave of pointer of dragging --95-- and thus also for the pointer of dragging --96-- form. Both the compression spring --91-- and the compression spring --102-- is so weakly laid out that they oppose as small a strength as possible to the pointer drive, on the other hand however able is, with solved clutch the zeroing hurrying of the pointer 5--89-- to cause and/or prevent that itself the pointer of dragging --96-- for example by vibrations automatically understands. On the exterior of the prefabricated floor --13-- the circular scale sheet lies --8--, that with one in cm3 calibrated bull's eye scale --105-- is provided and by the cylindrical wall --106-- the opening of the recess --11-- locking Klarsichtscheibe --107-- one holds. Is the le wall --106-- with light press fit into the cylindrical recess --11-- pressed in. The handling of the descriptive Spirometers takes place in the way that first with zeroised pointers --89 and 96-- of the person over a hose breathing air by the drilling, who can be tested --22-- into the Vorkümmer --33-- one injects. This injected breathing air arrives by the drillings --55-- first into the ring chamber -- 3--, from there by the diagonally radial drillings --52-- into the Turbinenk more mmer --54-- and sets thereby the wind wing rotor --5-- with the wave --59-- in rotating motion. This rotating motion becomes by the descriptive reduction gear --7-- on the pointer --89-- and of this on the pointer of dragging --96-- transferred, so that itself these turning in hand direction of rotation (related to Fig.1) over the KreisskaIa --105-- moved. Into the turbine chamber --54-- air flowed in leaves these again by the drilling --40-- into the cavity --34--, of where it by the drillings --35-- again in the free arrives. In order to prevent that thereby in the breathing air contained humidity arrives into the cavity of the heading and itself at the metal parts of the reduction gear --7-- to strike down, is it knows, the drilling important --24-- in the partition wall --23-- to keep as small as possible. Since the blow pressure constantly decreases according to experience with increasing blowing duration, also the number of revolutions of the wind wing rotor in appropriate measure reduces, until the wind wing is stopped sehheßlich, if the air volume of the breathing out person is exhausted. Due to this fact and due to according to invention reached the small weight and thus the small kinetic mass forces of the wind wing rotor --5-- with the hollow shaft --59-- and due to the fact that between the hollow while --59-- and the gear-transmission --67 to 79-- a gear reduction between the snail, selflocking in force return flow direction --66-- and the Schneekenrad --67-- , is gesture of exists! lt that the result of measurement is not falsified due to centrifuge errors, particularly with u of hender air in the turbine chamber --54-- also a good braking action is expenditure-practiced on the wind wing rotor. On the other hand becomes by the numerously existing diagonally radial drillings --52-- and in descriptive way of the Querschnittsforra of the turbine chamber --54-- adapted thin plate --58-- an optimal grip between air flowing in and the wind wing rotor obtains. After terminated measuring procedure can by manipulation of the tracer --82-- the zeroing hurrying of the pointer --89-- take place, during the pointers of dragging --96-- due to the effect of the friction brake --99 to 103-- stops and the obtained result of measurement holds. It is open now the user of the Spirometers, the pointer of dragging --96-- to have stehen2ulassen up to the next measuring procedure” around a direct comparison with the preceeding measuring procedure, or the pointer of dragging --96-- by appropriate turn of the rotary button --97-- to set likewise to zero, in order to test another person if necessary. The total reduction of the reduction gear --7-- 3600 amounts to: 1, i.e. to one” - ollen revolution of the pointer --89-- are 3600 revolutions of the wind wing rotor --5-- necessarily. By this high Untersetzungsverhä! tnis is on the one hand a very high resolution, i.e. measuring accuracy ensured and on the other hand reaches that itself the strengths of the zero-reset spring --91-- and the friction brake of pointer of dragging --99 to 103-- on the measuring accuracy to negatively affect cannot. In order to make calibratable the Spirometer, i.e. around proportionality deviations e.g. caused by production of the number of revolutions of the wind wing rotor dependent on the throughput volume korapensieren and/or. eliminate to be able, are those the Turbinankammer --54-- surrounding ring chamber --53-- with a shunt link air outlet channel --138-- provided, that into the cavity --34-- flows, and by means of a screw --137-- is more or less lockable. This shunt link air outlet channel --138-- is as radial hole in the wall of a cylindrical essay --136-- the upper part --36-- the turbine case --4-- trained. The cavity --141-- the cylindrical essay --136-- No. 354602 has one the cross section width of the ring channel --53-- appropriate diameter and stands with the ring channel --53-- in direct connection. The screw --137--, some somewhat larger nominal diameter than the shunt link Luftsustrittskanal --138-- possesses, is into a tapped hole --140-- eingesehraubt, those coaxially for drilling --138-- and/or to the shunt link air outlet channel --138-- is diametrically oppositely arranged. By rotating the screw --137-- in or that knows other direction the drilling --138-- course-turned end of the screw --137-- more near to the internal edge of drilling of the drilling --138-- to be advanced or further from this removed, so that between the internal edge of drilling of the drilling --138-- and this course-turned end of the screw --137-- existing passage cross section to be increased and/or made smaller can, in order to increase or make thereby the shunt link effect smaller. Around the screw --137-- the purpose of adjusting and/or calibration of the equipment to make accessible, is in the housing --1-- in appropriate place a break-through --139-- planned. A condition for the application of this calibration principle is however that the rotor --5-- and the turbine case as well as the reduction gear --7-- , FCB are so laid out during closed IS shunt link air outlet opening --138-- a slight over proportionality between number of revolutions and air volume volume exists, i.e. the pointers --89 and/or 96-- during closed shunt link air outlet opening --138-- on the scale --105-- slightly - for example 3 to 5% - more indicate than the actually measured air volume correspond, and by opening to the shunt link air outlet opening --138-- in the measure that the multi-announcement and/or the measuring error appropriate portion of the air volume not by the turbine chamber, which can be measured --54--, but by the shunt link air outlet opening --138-- into the cavity --34-- and from there over the opening --35-- again in the free to arrive can, which can be compensated measuring errors. During with the remark example represented in the designs in Fig.1 the cylindrical essay --136-- with the shunt link air outlet opening and the adjusting screw --137-- for reasons of the simpler representation it is so arranged that an additional opening --139-- in the housing wall of the housing --1-- necessary is, can in practice the cylindrical essay --136-- so arranged its that the set screw --137-- by one of the two anyway existing air outlet openings --35-- is accessible. On the opening --139-- can be done without then. The calibration procedure is made in the way that with the help of another volume measuring instrument determined amounts of air are through-blown by the Spirometer and the respective announcement with the being are compared. By appropriate adjusting of the screw --137-- relative to the drilling --138-- thereby then the determined measuring error is eliminated. Only by the possibility of calibration and by again Meßund indicator accuracy given thereby the Spirometer obtains a substantially higher and more significant application value and can thus also as medical SS measuring instrument, e.g. also than diagnostic auxiliary device use find. In Abäuderung that managing described arrangement of the shunt link air outlet opening --138-- in connection with the ring chamber surrounding the turbine chamber it is also possible for prin2ipiell, the shunt link Luftaustrittsöffuung in connection with the pre-chamber --33-- to arrange. --38-- the ring channel --53-- , and their internal, circular front surface is radially screwed in against the cylindrical exterior surface of the wall --41-- the Turbinenk more nmer --54-- is adjustable. In this case the hollow screw would have to be screwed so far radially inward, to their internal front surface at the exterior surface of the wall for closing the shunt link air outlet opening --41-- the turbine chamber --54-- lies close. 4S