Plate for electrical isolation purposes and procedure for the production the same

PATENT SPECIFICATION No. 277592 class: 39 b 34/20 Int. Cl.: C 08 j 1/44 expenditure tags 29 December 1969 i i INKU AUSSENUND DOMESTIC TRADE COMPANY KURT SMOLKA IN VIENNA plate for electrical Isolationszweeke and procedure for the production the same announced on 10 March 1967 (A 2338/67). - Beginning of the patent duration: 15. April 1969. As an inventor one calls: Robert Salzman in Trumau (Niederöstermlch). The invention refers stands on a plate for electrical Isolattonszweeke and on a procedure for the production of such a plate. The plate according to invention is characterized essentially by the fact that ste by Polyesteroder Epoxyharz bound mineral materials in pulvertger or feinkömiger form, preferably anhydrite or Quarzmeh! , In a Gewichtsverhältnts of the resin to the mineralisehenStoffen of 1: 0,8 to! : 4, in particular 1: 1 to 1: 3, and beldseitlg a Deeksehieht of fibers from anorgantschem material, embedded in Polyesteroder Epoxyharz, contains, in particular of Glasoder asbestos fibers in one C-ewichtsverhältnis from 3: 7 to 7: 8, in particular 4: 6 to 6: 4, synthetic material to resin exhibits. Such a plate combines the advantages of a good elektrtmhen isolatton with the Vorieilen of a large firmness. The fiber-reinforced Oberfläehensehlchten, which is appropriately reciprocally intended, lends large Biegeund breaking strength to the plate, whereby see the Festigkeltserhöhung by the Faserarmiemng zugfest to made layers in particular from results in that these layers are held by the Zwisehenschieht in distance. The e layers work ähnltch like the ZugundDruekgurten of a carrier. The Mittelsehieht formed from resin and mineral materials knows now a high content of mineral lugs such as Anhydrlt. Gypsum od. such. contained, without thereby the firmness of the plate is reduced or the brittleness is increased, since the firmness is ensured by the Fasersehiehten and it knows in this way a very large isolation effect and a large Durehschlagfestlgkeit is reached. With österr. Patent specification No. 213066 is bereitsvorgesehlagenworden to make articles corrosion resistant for the chemical industry of several layers of mltmIneralischen materials gefilllten polyester resins and Epoxyharzen whereby in all layers of the article fibers from anorganisehem material are planned. In accordance with österr. Patentschrfft No. 213066 plates with two Deekschiehten from polyester resin or Epoxyharz and an intermediate core from Epoxyharz or polyester resin, manufactured if necessary, in most cases possess thereby because of the layers tmtliehen in s planned anorganisehen fibers one fdr electrical Isolatlonszweeke unfavorable 95 structure. For electrical lsolationszweeke further substantial weight ratio SAE von Harz and Ftlllstoffen in the individual layers are in österr. Patentschrtft No. 223066 does not mention. The procedure according to invention for the Hersiellung of such a plate consists essentially of that a liquid or pasty mixture of the components of a PolyesteroderEpoxyharzes and mineral materials in powdery or feinkömiger form, preferably Anhydrtt or quartz, in the Gewtehtsverhältnis 1: 0.8 to 1: 4 walls limiting in the Zwtseheuraum between two a form is brought in fflr the plate, of which both before inside with a layer of gelled Polyesteroder Epoxyharz in the Gewiehtsverhältnts of 3, strengthened with mineral fibers: 7 to 7: 3, in particular 4 • 6 to 6: 4, fibers from anorganisehem material, in particular Glasoder Asbestfasem, was occupied. In this way the layers can be developed in the form. The fiber-reinforced layers can to be developed hiebei in accordance with the invention either at the form walls themselves with auseinarldergenommener form or it be able these layers also prefabricated, beispielswelse kalandriert, become. In the further it is substantial that these layers are already partly to-hardened, before the mixture of Harzkomponcnten and mineral materials is brought into the form thus these layers than so! che erhaIteu remain. In addition, it is substantial that the hardening by precipitation took place not yet completely, thus a good connection of the center! layer with the fàserverstärktenSchiehten is ensured. It " is more dar/er for the according to invention r¢erfahren substantially that these fiber-reinforced layers are in gellertern condition, weun those the middle class screen end mixture of resin components and mineral lugs is brought in. For the reaching of high isolation values of the plate it is favourable that cavities in the plate are avoided, since such Lufteinsehlüsse lowers the isolation values and the disruptive strength of the plate. In order to avoid such cavities, the resin with the mineral materials before Einfü can in accordance with the invention! len into the form under counter ceiling to be mixed. Thus the condition is creative that the mixture before casting in, arriving at the use, is freely of or as poor as possible at Lufteinschllissen. A vacuum becomes appropriate; applied by 5,0 torr. It was shown that with a vacuum of 50 peat can be already achieved a large nonporousness of the mixture. During extremely high requirements of the disruptive strength of plates according to invention a complete Blasenfreflaeit of these plates can be achieved, if during production the same, in accordance with those identification, a solvent is added to the resin and this solvent is essentially completely evaporated with mixing under negative pressure. This possibility is particularly favourable with the Herste! lung of plates also by polyester resin bound mineral materials applicably, there in this case monomeres Quer¢emetzungsmitte already evaporated! for the distance of occluded gases in the mixture of the components of the P.olyesterharzes and December to be used knows mineral fillers. When using a mixture from insatiated polyesters and styrene as polyester resin component accordingly überschflssiges styrene, preferably in eiher quantity from 2 to 7%, can be used in particular 3 to 5%, related to the mixture of the polyester resin components, in accordance with the invention as solvents. In order to avoid now the formation of bubbles also during casting in with possible “security, appropriately the mixture of resin components and mineral materials into the form upright placed is from downside cast in or pressed, whereby still through trunks or by Anwenduß. g von Ultraschall far one blister-picture-likes to work against and ensure a complete Ausffillung of the form can.: Casting in or pressing the mixture in of resin components and mineral materials do a form, their walls see in firm distance among themselves-finding, .bringt substantial advantages in relation to pressing in press forms regarding accuracy to size and particularly regarding the even 95 density that plate with itself, there in this way a equivalent large Ftl! ldmck to be ensured kaun. In addition, it is substantially smaller the expenditure than with Preßfotmen. In order to be able and an even Durchhärtung make possible to use the form better, it can be proceeded in accordance with the invention in such a way that the plates mnenden biszurbeg'. resistance to deformation in the form and on that into ausge - formtem condition to be hanging hardened, whereby the hardening by precipitation if necessary by warmth (50 to 1500C, in particular 70 to 100Oc) beschleunigt_wird. Ensured thus that the complete hardening by precipitation that plates takes place freely, even Durehhä ten, so that a naehträgliches did not forgive the plates to be feared is and thus that the complete hardening by precipitation of the plates takes place in häugender situation, the even form of the plates ensured. Although Epoxyharze cause a firm en federation between Epoxyharz hardened and to-hardened Polycsterharz because of their reaction with HydroxyIgmppen of Polyestenhamen, it is nevertheless purpose - moderate, both in the Deekschichten to plan and in the intermediate layer the same resin type. For plates according to invention are as mineral materials except anhydrite for example gypsum, gypsum, baryte, Strontiantt also burned and silikatisehe rocks, like granite, asbestos flour, useful. Except Glasfasem also Asbestfasem or Schlackenwolle can be contained in denDeekschiehten of the plate according to invention. The components of the Epoxyharze and polyester resins used for the Herstelinng of the plates are actually well-known and the hardening by precipitation of the components to the urine effected likewise in actually well-known way. The form walls with usual form faithful means mistakes become of course also in the available case. Plates with particularly valuable electrical and .mechanischen characteristics are received, if Epoxyharze are used for the production the same, since this with react the fibers from anorganisehem material and the powdery or fine-grained mineral materials, exhibiting at the surface Hydroxylgmppen, chemically to and with it on the one hand a firm group devoted and on the other hand the Isolaüomwiderstand of the plate, in particular under FeuehtigkeitseinflnB, strongly to increase. For certain applications it appears appropriate to provide the plate also at the Sehmalseiten with surface layers from glass fiber amplifiers rkten Epoxyharzen and/or polyester resins. This is of advantage special, if plates according to invention are to be used in damp Atmmphäre. The strength of the Deeksehiehten is to amount to appropriately at least 0, 8 mm. With a total strength of the plate of more than 10 mm the strength of the glasfaserverstärtäen Deeksehiehten is increased appropriately proportionally the total strength of the plate. By appropriate combination of the Mengenverhältnfsse of resin and fillers and the Sehiehtstärke of the individual layers to leave see for a certain electrical Verwendungszweek particularly suitable plates manufacturing. In the following table measured electrical values of three plates according to invention are indicated after Normvorsehriften. Everyone with the numbers the 1, 2 and/or 3 designated plates possesses an o, 3 mm strong Deeksehieht out glasfaserverstärktcm Polycsterham and a luftblasenfmie Zwfschenschieht from burned gypsum and Polyesterham. The Deeksehiehten of the plates 1 and 2 consists to 30% of glass fibers and to B0% of polyester resin (Quervemetz, ungsmittel styrene), while the surface layers of the plate 3 exist to 40% of glass fibers and to 60% to the Polyesterham (Qnervernetzungsmittel styrene). The Zwisehensehiehten of the plates 1, 2 and 8 consists to 60% to burned gypsum and to 40% of polyester resin (Quervemetzungsmittel styrene). Table N ° 1 plate thickness mm of 7.9,8.0,8.1 surface mm × mm I000 × 1000 1000 x I000 I000 x 1000 breakdown voltage Ud disruptive strength OD VDE 0111 9 15d VDE 0303/2 @9e at plate under oil Ud = 116 kV on 7, 9 mm Ud = 106 kV on 8, 0 mm in air in ball lowering ud = 50 kV on 1.2 mm Ed2 = 41, 6 k. .VV mm of Ud = 46, 5 kV on I, 25 mm -- 87, 2 k_V mm of Ud = 27, 4 kV on t, 35 mm Ed2 = 20 kV mm of K£iechstromLichtbogen firmness VDE 0303/part of I stage T3 T5 T5 VDE 0303/part of stage L1 L1 L2 DIN 53475 sample 50 x 50 mm 4.2,9.0 weight mg/rehearses! us1 in the water 8.4 DIN 53472 praises to 50 x 50 mm mg/rehearses 42, 1 31.4 55, 2 I ₜ, O when using asbestos fibers start glass fibers in the surface layers can the Llchtbogenfestigkeit by Iù2 to 1.4 be increased. Separately or in combination for example the plates can exhibit the following characteristics Stöxke of the surface layer mm of strength of the Kernschichr mm of Gewichtsverhälmis resin: Fiber Gewich [sverhälmis resin: Filler 0.3 4, 0 I: i I: 0,8,1.0,5.0 1:1,5 1:1,2 2.0 IO 1:2 1:1,5 5.0 1:35 i: i. 7,6.0 1:2.7 1:2,0 of PATENT CLAIMS. 1. Plate for electrical isolation purposes. thereby characterized that it by Polyesteroder Epoxyharz bound mineral materials in powdery or fine-grained form, preferably anhydrite or quartz powder, in a Gewichtsverhälmis of the resin to the mineral materials of 1: 0, 8 to 1: 4, in particular 1: 1 to 1: 3, and reciprocally a surface layer of fibers from inorganic material, embedded in Polyesteroder Epoxyharz, contains, in particular of Glasoder asbestos fibers in a Gewiehrsverhälmis of 3: 7 to 7: 3, in particular 4: 6 to 6: 4, Fasermateria! to resin exhibits. 2. Procedure for the production from plates to requirement 1, by characterized that a liquid or pasty mixture of the components of a Polyesteroder Epoxyharzes and mineral materials in powdery or fine-grained form, votzugsweise anhydrite or quartz, in the weight ratio 1: 0,8 to 1: 4 is brought in walls limiting into the gap between two a form for the plate, of which both mineral-fray to strengthened Polyesteroder Epoxyharz in the Gcwiehtsverhältnis of 3 before inside with a layer of gelled, with: 7 to 7: 3, in particular 4: 6 to 6: 4, fibers from inorganic material, in particular Glasoder Asbestfasem, was occupied. 3. Procedure according to requirement 2, by characterized that the mixture that resin components is mixed with the mineral materials before filling into the form under negative pressure. 4. Procedure according to requirement 3, by characterized that a solvent is added to the resin and this L0sungsmittel is essentially completely evaporated with mixing under negative pressure. 5. Procedure requirement for after 4, by characterized that when using mixtures from insatiated polyester and styrene as polyester resin components of aberschassiges Stytol, preferably in a quantity from 2 to 7%, in particular 3 to 5% related to the mixture of the polyester resin components, when solvent is used. 6. Procedure after one of the requirements 2 to 5, thereby is marked, that those are from downside cast in or pressed mixture of the Hatzkomponenten and the mineral materials into the form upright placed. 7. Procedure after one the Ansprüche2bis6, thereby characterized that dasEtngief EN or pressing the mixture of resin and mineral materials in takes place under shaking or with application from ultrasonic. 8. Procedure after one of the requirements 2 to T, thereby characterized that the plates up to the resistance to deformation beginning in the form are hardened on that and in formed out condition hanging, whereby the hardening by precipitation if necessary by warmth (50 to 150° C, in particular to 100°C) is accelerated. 9. Procedure nacheinemderAnsprüche2bis3, by it marked, dafSdieSchichten from resin components and mineral fibers on the form walls with taken apart form to be developed. VerfahrennacheinemderAnsprüche2bisS, thereby characterized, dal dic layers by Harzkomponentcn and mineral fibers into actually well-known way prefabricated, beispieisweise kalandriert, become and into ge! iertem condition on the Fermwände to be applied. Pressure: lng. E. Voytjech, Vienna