BUILDING PASTEBOARD OR ASSEMBLY FIXTURE AND PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION

The invention concerns a building pasteboard or an assembly fixture, consisting of a nuclearlaminated essentially from a hydraulically tied material, preferably gypsum, and from one at least at a side into the surface the nuclearlaminated embedded mat or a fabric from inorganic synthetic material, in particular from a not woven glass fiber fleece. Furthermore the invention concerns also a procedure for the production of such an building pasteboard or assembly fixture. Conventional paper-disguised gypsum or conventional gypsum mass exhibits a firmness and a refractory quality, which correspond to many purposes; there are however application purposes for such pasteboards, which require a larger firmness and/or a larger refractory quality. It was suggested increasing the firmness of cement-like building pasteboard or such assembly fixtures as the mass of the hardened cement-like material with synthetic materials is strengthened; this was however only partially accompanied of success. Complicated if procedure, which consists of a structure of a multi-layer product of glass fiber material and gypsum mixing into a paste with in a form, as they are described for example in the GB-PS Nr.1, 520.411, is not economical, and the fiber mat extends by the entire thickness of the product through. The use of fibers, as for example glass fibers, which are dispersed in cement-like material, encounters difficulties regarding the effective dispersion of the fibers in mixing into a paste with and regarding firmness borders, which result from an insufficient connection between the fibers and the surrounding cement-like material. Furthermore the production of a gypsum pasteboard of similar product was suggested, with which however in place of the conventional Pap [erverkleidung intertwined mineral fibers to be used, as it is described in the GB-PS Nr.769, 414. In accordance with the GB-PS Nr.772, 581 a glass fiber fabric is led by a gypsum mixing into a paste with, before a layer of mixing into a paste with and a second impregnated glass fabric are applied. In each case it is doubtful whether satisfyingly it impregnated the lining forming fabrics and whether a sufficient connection is obtained. In the CA-PS Nr.993779 is suggested manufacturing gypsum pasteboard as a gypsum mixing into a paste with on a layer from inorganic fibers, present at conveyor equipment, is put down, whereupon a second layer from similar fibers is applied and the whole between rollers is pressed, whereby it is caused that mixing into a paste with mud-ate into the fiber layers at the surfaces penetrates. It was found that with a such procedure only a partial and irregular penetration can be obtained, whereby a pasteboard with a rough surface will receive, in which both fibers and gypsum on seemed. In the US-PS Nr.3, 993.822 a multi-layer gypsum pasteboard is described, in which a core from gypsum and strengthening fibers at the one side by a layer from glass fiber wool or cardboard and at the other side by a G! asfasergewebe and a layer of glass fiber wool, cardboard, foil (foil) or paper are disguised. In each case wool or another layer is resistant to the penetration of gypsum, and the thing is manufactured by simply successive applying of the different layers and masses on a figuration table and a transporting equipment. The product has fraying exhibiting surfaces, which is determined by the external layers used in each case, which can be bound even only imperfectly to the core. The GB-PS Nr.2, 013.563 describes the production of gypsum pasteboard, those at the surface with a conventional cardboard (paper), is disguised, onto which those the core screen end mixing into a paste with is poured in conventional way, while on the surface of the nuclear mixing into a paste with a Glasfaserschioht is applied and pressed by means of a Hechelvorrichtung into mixing into a paste with. With this product the one surface consists of paper and exhibits only the characteristics of conventional gypsum pasteboard, while the other surface consists of gypsum and against abrasion and other mechanical damage is to a large extent unprotected. The GB-PS Nr.2, 004.807 describes a procedure for the production of a thin strengthened Gipsplatte, with which a glass fiber fabric is covered with dry gypsum, a vibration is subjected, in order to cause that the gypsum crystals penetrate into the fabric is sprayed, and then under continued vibrating with water, in order to mix the gypsum and water with one another within the fabric. The gypsum hardens under education of a strengthened Gipsplatte, in which the fiber is distributed by the entire thickness through plate. Task of the invention is it to create a new building pasteboard or assembly fixture which s avoids the disadvantages of the well-known Baugruuppen and/or assembly fixtures. The invention is to create in particular a building pasteboard or an assembly fixture for wall lining, which has on the one hand a fire-retardant effect, on the other hand a finely texturierte surface, which is available simply and without Zwischenverfahren for the further decoration, and which finally no Delaminationsprobleme brings with itself. RST this is reached according to invention with an assembly fixture of the initially mentioned kind by that into the nuclearlaminated preferably chopped mineral fibres in the extent to 3 Gew. - %, related to the hydraulically tying material, are contained that a close edge-laminated from the hydraulically tying material between the exterior surface and the fiber mat and/or the textile fabric is arranged, whereby the density is larger the edge-laminated than the density of the Kernschich1S Te and porosity is smaller the edge-laminated than porosity the nuclearlaminated. The nuclearlaminated does not have to contain fibers; however small quantities can be enclosed hievon in order increasing their co-operation. The contribution of the fibers to the firmness of the pasteboard or plate is largest, if they are to that or in the proximity of the surface of the pasteboard or plate, so that the maximum increase of the firmness, which is attainable by the use of a given quantity fibers, is realised by the use of only one fiber mat or only one textile fabric, which or that directly adjacent on the surface the nuclearlaminated is embedded. The strengthening fibers are preferably glass fibers and can in the form of woven or worked material be present, are however preferably non-woven materials or fleeces, which stuck together with a suitable synthetic resin. Embedding the fibers to the surface the nuclearlaminated and the training continuous edge-laminated from the cement-like material on this increases the refinement of the surface of the pasteboard in the long run received, while at the same time it is ensured that the fibers in the most effective place are enriched, i.e. as close as possible the surface of the pasteboard. The procedure according to invention consists of that a mat or a fabric from inorganic synthetic material is transported continuously on a lower carrier surface that a layer from an aqueous mixing into a paste with from hydraulically tying material and if necessary up to 3 Gew. - %, related to the hydraulically tying material, at chopped mineral fibres on the mat or the fabric is applied, whereby a second course from inorganic synthetic material is preferably applied continuously on the surface of mixing into a paste with and led under a second carrier surface resting against this that the layer material of the effect of a vibration mechanism is subjected, whereby mixing into a paste with passes through the inorganic synthetic material and between the mat and/or forms for the fabric and the carrier surfaces a continuous edge-laminated, on which after tying the disk material the pasteboard or plate is taken off from the bearing area. The received pasteboard can be hardened, cut and dried in conventional way. One execution form of the procedure according to invention is characterized preferably by that as inorganic synthetic material a not woven glass fiber fleece is used, which preferably impregnated with waterproof making or strengthening substances. It found that the continuous coat from cement-like material, which is created, if mixing into a paste with penetrates the mat or the fabric under the effect of the vibration generally compact or consolidated is and harder and less porous is than the material the nuclearlaminated of the pasteboard. This can be attributed to the effect of a increased pressure at the surface, whose presence is to be recognized by the migration of mixing into a paste with by the material or through the fabric, from which a pressure gradient in that direction results. As previously mentioned, the mat or the fabric close is to be because of the surface, and it is preferred that the thickness of the continuous coat present at it is not to exceed 2 mm or even 1 mm; however the coat can be as thin as possible, with the reservation that sufficient mixing into a paste with is available, in order to obtain the desired surface with the pasteboard received as final product. The surface can be smooth or exhibit an indiscriminate or examined structure depending upon the surface of conveyor or another carrier. The consolidated structure makes it possible to obtain an excellent surface finish. The nuclearlaminated can exhibit each desired thickness, which is similar for example to the values of the standard thickness of gypsum pasteboard. The preferential mats or fabrics are (not-woven) glass fiber fleeces. The fleece can have stuck together by resin, for example with urea formaldehyde resin, as it is usual with glass fiber fleeces. A such fleece can exhibit a weight from approximately 60 to 80 g/m2, however this value is not by any means critical, and fibers from e.g. 20 to 20 m of diameters are suitable. Two such fabrics correspond from there to a fiber quantity from 120 to! 60 g/m2 pasteboard, which with a standard pasteboard of 9 mm thickness, can constitute 1 to 2%, related to the weight of the gypsum in the pasteboard. This relatively small portion of fibers underlines the economy of the invention in regard to the used fiber quantity, and the firmness of the pasteboard can be stopped by varying the firmness of the used fabric. The fibers of the ungewebten fleece can be either randomregulatorily or oriented. In first case the pasteboard will essentially exhibit the same tensile strength in the longitudinal direction (machine direction) as in the transverse direction. In latter case the pasteboard can exhibit a high tensile strength in the longitudinal direction, however a smaller firmness in the transverse direction. In this the pasteboard resembles conventional gypsum pasteboard, although the average firmness of the pasteboard can be increased gewünschtenfalls importantly. For example an essentially randomarranged fabric of 60 g/m2, which is applied on both sides, results in a pasteboard, which exhibits about the same firmness in both directions, those more largely as the firmness of a conventional gypsum pasteboard in the transverse direction, however smaller than their firmness in the longitudinal direction is. The latter value is exceeded, if a fabric is used by 80 g/m2. Longitudinal orientation of the fibers of a fabric of 60 gimz increases the firmness of the pasteboard in that direction with an appropriate decrease of the firmness in the transverse direction, and so a larger approach to the physical properties of the conventional gypsum pasteboard can be obtained. The pasteboard can be made firmer by varying the characteristics of the fabric in a certain direction in such a way, or an additional firmness in desired places, e.g. along the edges of the pasteboard, can be planned by use of Gewoben with appropriate fiber distribution. A woven glass fabric or a thin canvas can be used, however is more expensively and/or less effective this than a ungewebtes fleece. The nuclear mixing into a paste with can do something, e.g. 0.3 to 3 Gew. - % glass fibers, related to which, contain weight of the hydraulically tying material, in order the co-operation to increase, can be however also fiber-free, as with conventional gypsum pasteboard. According to invention, using mats or fabrics from mineral fibers gesture of! lte pasteboard does not need the Papierbespannung of herkSmmlicher gypsum pasteboard or the training of strength into the nuclear mixing into a paste with. It can consist from there completely of non-combustible material, and the drying stage when its production can take place relatively rapidly, with which considerable advantages including a smaller energy expenditure are connected. The available glass fiber fabric to be generally sufficient porous, thereby is ensured that a sufficient quantity of the Aufsehlämmung under the influence of the vibration penetrates into the fabric and forms the desired Oberflächenüberzug. The penetration can be increased, as the fabric is perforated, before it is applied on mixing into a paste with. The penetration can be supported also by preheating mixing into a paste with or by addition from surface-active means to mixing into a paste with. It is possible to impregnate the material or the fabric, before it is applied on the nuclear mixing into a paste with, with surface-modifying additives, for as for example waterproof making means and reinforcements, for example synthetic resins. If one does not dry the impregnated layer before its applying on the nuclear mixing into a paste with läßL, the latter with their passage by the layer at least a part of the additive with itself, existing in the layer, will take, so that the additive the Oberflächenüberzug of the gypsum (or another cement-like material) is modified in desired way. If from there for example a waterproof making means is applied on the material or the fabric, a waterproof surface can be formed using one, compared to conventional procedures, importantly smaller quantity of additive. The main volumes, between which the pasteboard is formed, are to consist of a material, to which the gypsum mixing into a paste with does not stick easily. Hiefür are suitable most for plastic conveyors used materials. The volumes are preferably flexible, in order to make I0 possible that a local vibration will transfer to the pasteboard arrangement, after the fabric had been applied on the nuclear mixing into a paste with. Each suitable vibrator plant can be used. At present one prefers using horizontal lying waves with angular cross section which the lower surfaces of the volumes support. Apart from simple mechanical devices also different vibrator systems ultrasonic systems can inclusively be used. In the following a preferential procedure for the production of the gypsum pasteboard according to invention with mineral fibre lining with reference to the designs is described. In the designs Fig.1 represents a look-figurative side view of a device for the production of gypsum pasteboard in accordance with the invention and Fig.2 a look-figurative cross section (not to scale) to the pasteboard according to invention. As from Fig.1 too seen, water becomes --10--, B-hemihydrate-Bewurf and/or gypsum-- l-- with conventional additives and up to 3% chopped glass fibers --12-- the desired length in conventional quantities into a mixer --13--brought in, which a hollow belt transporting equipment --14-- and agitators --15-- covered, and discharged from the mixer continuously in form of a gleichförmiz5 towards mixture. If smaller quantities of chopped glass fibers or at all no fibers are to be trained into the nuclearlaminated, the hollow mixer needs --13-- not to be used. Instead a simple snail mixer or a turning disk mixer can --13a-- of the honour SAM - Type to be used, which itself on the fabric --21-- by a Schüttrinne --13b-- emptied. A course from gypsum textile fabric --17-- becomes from a role --18-- supplied and on the upper surface of the return of an upper carrier conveyor --19-- put down. A second glass fabric course --21-- becomes from a role --22-- the surface of a lower carrier conveyor --23-- supplied. The conveyors consist appropriately of polypropylene and are in each case with Bandwäschern --24 and 25-- provided and in the directions of the arrows are propelled. Longitudinal pieces of belts with square profile, those along the side edges of the lower volume --23-- are fastened, serve to include mixing into a paste with and to specify the width of the pasteboard, how is described later. The gypsum mixing into a paste with, those by means of the mixer --13-- one supplies, forms between the converging volumes --19 and 23-- and the Gewebelagen --17 and 21-- at the entering the area between the pair of the carrier conveyors a “dam” --26--. With the entrance the volumes walk over that and in contact with the respective vibrators --27--, which can exhibit for example the form of waves with square profile, those rotate with sufficient speed, for example with approximately 1000 Umdr/min. The vibration, those by the vibrators --27-- the carrier forms imposed, it is caused that the fabric --17 and 21-- into the respective upper class of mixing into a paste with to be embedded, which coats continuous by the fabric under training of, which stand with the carrier forms in contact, penetrates through. The mixture, those between the volumes --19 and 23-- , goes through then a distance is held below a role --28--, which adjusts it to the desired thickness, and at the time, with which it reaches the end of the transporting equipments, the gypsum is sufficient hardened, and the received pasteboard --29-- into pieces one cuts and one leads in conventional way into a continuous dryer. One receives thereby a gypsum pasteboard or a Gipsplatte with to a large extent conventional nuclearlaminated --31-- and a smooth outer zone --32-- of minimum thickness, however larger density, those on the textile fabrics --33-- rests upon. The reinforcement of the textile fabric is enriched at the surface and lends to the pasteboard the greatest possible physical properties, which are attainable with a given weight at fibers per unit of the pasteboard range. The compactly made Randsohichten --32-- lend to the surfaces of the pasteboard an excellent appearance. With a typical example of in the descriptive way a manufactured pasteboard a gypsum pasteboard with 9 mm of nominal thickness with fabrics bound with urea formaldehyde was disguised by a weight by 60 g/m2, which made of glass fibers with 13 m diameter was i0. With a core, the 0.3 Gew. - % chopped glass fibers (a contingent characteristic) the tearing up module contained, amounted to of the pasteboard 7.3 N/mm' both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. According to invention manufactured the pasteboard has a compact surface, whose structure microscopically are examined was. Raster electron micro graphs show that the edge-laminated of the gypsum, which is above the embedded glass fiber fabric and had been through manufactured by penetration of mixing into a paste with under the effect of the vibration by the fabric is close and from a to a considerable degree compact outside edge zone with a less compact range between this outside edge zone and the glass fiber fabric exists. In contrast to it the nuclearlaminated is more porous, while the gypsum is directly below the surface of the fabric likewise relatively porous and rather the nuclearlaminated resembles as the edge-laminated. In case of a certain pasteboard, which was manufactured in accordance with the example described above, scanning electron micro graphs showed and quantitative measurements that this edge-laminated is 0.17 mm thick above the glass fiber fabric, and that this to a considerable degree compact outermost edge zone screen end part of this layer was 0.03 mm thick; the density of the highest 0.1 mm the edge-laminated (sampling of a thinner part was not possible) amounted to 1.158 g/cm3, whereby the density was even still higher this extreme edge-laminated from there. Further measurements of the density, which were made at the same pasteboard, resulted in the following results: Seals a 1.7 mm thick cut directly behind the glass fiber fabric: 1.096 g/cm3; Seals a 1.9 mm thick cut in the center of the core: 1.095 g/cm3; Seals a 0.66 mm thick cut starting from the top side of the pasteboard including the textile fabric and the extreme edge-laminated: 0.983 g/cm3; Density of the upper 0.66 mm of thick cut, whereby the outside edge-laminated had been removed (i.e. a 0.63 mm thick cut): 0.946 g/cm3 (the density of the gypsum in the range of the glass fiber fabric is smaller from there than in the surrounding core); Density of the gypsum within the range of the glass fiber fabric (determines by loosening of the gypsum using 20%iger hydrochloric acid and correction with consideration of the acid effect on the glass fibers): 0.995 g/cm3. The Dichtewerte stated above must be compared with the nuclear density by conventional gypsum pasteboard, which 0.86 g/cm3 amounts to. To vary although density and Perosität of the hardened cement-like material with the transition of the outside surface of the pasteboard according to invention in the direction of the nuclearlaminated and although above to different layers or cuts of the pasteboard (e.g. edge-laminate or - film, extreme edge-laminated, nuclearlaminated) was referred, then it is pointed out that the pasteboard according to invention represents a generally uniform article nevertheless, with which the hardened cement-like material (e.g. gypsum) a continuous and uniform structure forms, which extends from the surface by that or each permeable fabric or each mat through up to the other surface. Under the expression “core” and/or. “Nuclearlaminate” is here not only the central part of a pasteboard, which exhibits the permeable mat or the fabric at both opposite main surface ranges, but also the appropriate part of a pasteboard, which exhibits the permeable mat or the fabric at only one of these surface ranges to understand. As previously mentioned, the permeable mat or the fabric is faserhaltig and contains in particular mineral fibers, above all glass fibers. DS phenomenon, which due to caused the penetration of the nuclear mixing into a paste with by means of the vibration by the material or the fabric over the latter a continuous is formed coat from cement-like material, which is closer and less porous than that one of the core, can be used however also with other forms by fabric permeable for mixing into a paste with or a mat favourably; so mixing into a paste with can for example by a perforated layer with a multiplicity of perforations, penetrates through and over this a continuous consolidated coat to form. At least one of the substances, i.e. pearlite, Vermiculit and/or urea/formaldehyde resin, can be trained into the mixture for the core; a such additive does not penetrate through generally the permeable mat or the fabric. The pasteboard or plate according to invention does not need to exhibit such high densities, how they are indicated in the above example, although the density variations of generally similar kind will be.