PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF ERDOLHALTIGEN, IN PARTICULAR FROM A ERDOLRAFFINERIEABSITZVORRICHTUNG COMING, TAKE-OFF FROM WATER

The invention concerns a procedure for the treatment ven in particular through in oil refineries resulting oil and oil products got dirty waste water. In the enterprise of oil refineries water is used e.g. as demineralization water. After the use in the refinery the waste water of last end is reconducted into nature. The water will gotten dirty in the refinery and before the Rückfiihren of the waste water in natural water reservoirs or their deriving into a channel must the oil (a certain standard accordingly) from the waste water be removed. If the waste water must exhibit a content of less than about 5 TpM oil, a generally used procedure consists of it that the waste water is led by a joggle device, in order to remove the majority of the oil, and that then the Ölrückstaud becomes ausgeflocl. This procedure is accomplished frequently together with a biological treatment. The Ausflocken exists in the addition of a hydrolysierharen metal salt, e.g. a A], iminiumoder iron salts, to the waste water. With reaching the appropriate pH value the developed hydroxide is precipitated, it absorb-absorbing that oil and delivers it with itself. Thus develops an oily mud, which must be removed. This is usually done via burning. In the refineries the oily mud is usually burned in incinerators, whose assembly, enterprise and Warümg are expensive. Such incinerators cannot be used for the removal by mud if with the treatment of salzhaltigen waste water strongly salzhaltiges (NaCIhaltiger) mud results, since the sodium content of the mud would damage the linings of the incinerator. Except oil the refinery waste water and other impurities contain, the oxygen of suspended solids take up, if they are fed into the natural watercourses. The quantity of these other biologically oxydierharen impurities is measured usually than biological Sauerstoffbedarf (BOD). BioIogi working methods are used, in order to reduce the biological Sauerstoffbedarf of the waste water. Also to the treatment of refinery waste water biological methods are applied, in order to bring the biological Sauerstoffbedarf to a justifiable degree. It is well-known that biological Behandlungseinriehhmgen in absence of oil works better. For this reason the oil rate of R is reduced more uerieabwässer frequently first by Ausfloeken, while or before the waste water of the biological Behandlungseinriehtung becomes zugefiihr. Thus the efficiency of the biological treatment procedures is then increased. Oil rate the biological Behandlungseinrichümg leaving liquid can be reduced also by following Ausflecken to a justifiable degree. A very frequently used biological working method is the activated sludge process, which is inserted for the removal by Haushaltsaber also by oil refinery waste water. This procedure for the treatment of waste water with high biological Sauerstefibedarf is particularly well suitable. In the mud stimulation plants results however besenders vielSchlannn, thus additional BeseitigungsverrichüJngen is necessary like e.g. incinerators, whose assembly and enterprise, as already mentions, are expensive. A further biological treatment ven waste water exists in the use of a trickling filter, (Perkolationsfilters) which because of its bad suitability fiir the employment with ölhaltigen waste water, as is e.g. used only rarely refinery waste water, within this range. If no combined Ausfleckungsund Schla mbelegungsphase is intended in the procedures, then oil rate that must be reduced the biological Behandlungseinrichüang supplied liquid to a degree, which is after the biological treatment in the finally balanced liquid vertrethar. The kind fiir a refinery of the thrown waste water treatment system depends on the kind and condition of the waste water and the necessary final concentration borders. The final oil rate and biological Sauerstoffbedarf of the waste water anfalienden which can be obtained in a Raffiuerie ven the Letztlichen utilization of the waste water depends. If the waste water is let in a öffentliehes Haushaltskanalisaiienssystem for further treatment, so is the permissible degree of pollution with oil and other impurities more hb'aer than in those cases, where the refinery waste water is led into a watercourse, which is consulted under Umstä'nden also for the Tr sserversorgang. In order to obtain a low oil rate of e.g. less than 5 mg/1 and a low biological oxygen need degree, it was so far necessary to use the flocculation and separation of the mud either combined with the Schla nmbelegungsbehandlung or followed from this whereby much ölhaltiger mud resulted, which had to be eliminated then in expensive way, usually by burn. Found that up to one besü nmten concentration of the oil antollenden in refinery waste water during the biological treatment a fast oxidation place-seized, Trade Union of German Employees the remainder (higher concentrations) is however more slowly oxidized and, predominantly then a surplus of oil in the mud appears, which is higher, than the usually produced mud tightness. Although the sand filtration was alone already used by refinery waste water so far for the treatment the same, sand filters are not sufficient alone because of the Iöslichen Erdölfrakttonen partial in water, in order to obtain very low total concentrations at oil. Sand filters are not capable of removing soluble or emulsified oil it remove only ölhaltige Schlännne, suspended Feststeffteilchen and, under the correct conditions, a majority of the niehtlöslichen oil. Also in the German disclosure writing of 1517482 described special biological filters fed with sand as “Kontakg' mass the requirements one niehtgereeht. In Beispiel4 of this German disclosure writing only a prepurifying of usual river water in a “Schnellfilte2' without closer Ausfährungen is mentioned. The above AusNihrungen is valid essentially also for österr. Patent specification No. 51949, which has the general thought of a serial connection of mechanical and biological stages in very complex multiple stage equipment on the article. It was found surprising now that by means of biological trickling filter (Perkolationsfilter) or aero cash tenders of biological filters in combination with a sand filter removed Erdölfraktionen are to a large extent complementary, i.e. that with each treatment a majority of that Erdölfraktion can be removed, which does not let itself remove after that in each case different procedures. Now a procedure for the treatment was created by oil-bearing waste water, with which an oil content of more weeger than 5 mg! without Ausfloclamgsphase to be obtained can, which can find further no incinerator required and for nearly all Raffinerieund of similar waste water employment. The subject of the invention is a procedure for the treatment of oil-bearing, in particular from an oil refinery joggle device coming waste water under reduction the oil contents of the revaluations under 5 mg öl/l, whereby the waste water is subjected first to a film nation and then a biological treatment, which are characterized by that first a filtration is made by a sand filter and then a following biological treatment by a biological trickling filter (Perkolationsfilter) or a aerob working biological filter. A reversal of the sequence of the stages is not in the same way satisfying and/or effective. It was found surprising that the treatment can quite be sufficient by means of a biological Troptkörper or a aerob working biological filter after the treatment by means of a sand filter, in order to obtain the desired low ErdölgehaIte and biological oxygen need values, and that it, completely against expectations, in certain respects an activated sludge treatment superior is. Thus for example in the procedure according to invention surprisingly little mud is produced, against what in the Belebtschlanun procedure a surplus of mud results. It found that aerob working biological Perkolations filters distribute in relation to mud stimulation plants exhibit, are more resistant as e.g. it against Steßbelastung, as e.g. by A1kali, and zw. due to the neutralizing effect of the high CO2 - enriches as well as concentrations against the upper range of the filter bed to and due to the good oxidation of ammonia in the lower if necessary due to the reduction in temperature warm waste water. In order to achieve the low contents of oil in the waste water, specified above, (they correspond to the Anfozxlerungen at drinking water in many states), as from the remarks follows further above, so far only very expensive procedures were available. The high costs became by high machine expenditure, in addition, causes by the expenditures necessary for the maintenance of the plant. So far one considered it necessary, expensive Ausflockungsund burn system to begin. On the basis a comparison between a conventional plant and according to invention a Anlage3oI1 this working in the procedure to be clarified " capital costs running costs per year conventional process B 5.700,000 380,000 process according to invention B 2.200,000 B 40,000 from it: it lets itself infer that the erfindungsgeInäße procedure primarily by its simplicity, both which the necessary plants and its Durehführung concerns itself, distinguishes. It is to first mA! succeeded to reduce a high-quality cleaning of certain waste water to a very simple process. Due to the Durchleitens of the erdöltmltigen water by a sand filter (with other mechanical filters, as was it shown, this effect not reached) unexpectedly vorgereinigü an s water with favourable characteristics becomes erhaIten, which lets itself clean then on the following biological Perkolationsfilter substantially better than so far. Where the favorable effect according to invention used of the combination of sand filter and Perkolationsfflter is justified, A could! lerdings not to be clearly eruiert up to now. Under biological trickling filters those are generally admitted, and under (seep) - filters are to be understood submerged and partly submerged such bodies and/or filter. In place of individual biological trickling filter or (seep) - filter can be used a majority the same either in rows or parallel arranged. This system is particularly well suitable for application with waste water, those from a Raffinerieabeetzvorrichümg like e.g. any form of a parallel disk separator, a quiescent tank and such. or from a API separator come, like he in the " l anual on Disposal ofRefinery Wastes " by the American petroleum of institutes were given change, described, or this a similar device to come. According to invention the sand filters used in the procedure exhibit, like already mentioned, a sand particle filter size of preferably 0, 5 to 5 rn for example from for instance i mm. The dimensions of the sand filters and the particle size depend on the flow rate, the condition of the waste water and the necessary final Beschaffenheß of the waste water. In place of individual sand filter also a multiplicity of parallel arranged sand filter can be used. In order to regenerate a sand filter, this can be submitted using combinations of air and/or hot water of the Rückwäsche, the received ölhaltige water, which up to 1 to 2 Gew. - Ton oil contained can, to the joggle device is preferably returned. Surprisingly a satisfying equilibrium can be manufactured by this circulation and/or return, which permits the employment of the procedure according to invention, without thereby the oil rate of the Versetnnu tongues resulting in the Sandffltern does not reach one any longer justifiable degrees. In accordance with the invention and by means of Rü'ckführung that is recovered entire from the sand filters separated oil from the Absitzvorrichtung as usable oil, it develops no new ölhaltigen by-products, which would have to be eliminated e.g. by burn. In accordance with a preferential execution form of the invention only one pumping phase is used, in order to pump the waste water, which comes for example from the joggle device, gotten dirty with oil, by the SandfiIter to the upper range of the biological Troptkörpers or aerob working biological seeping filter. The static downward gradient of the liquid between the sand filters and the trickling filter or seeping filter contributes to it, a constant pressure surge and/or counter-pressure on the pumps upright too received and facilitates the controlling of leaking out the liquid the Sandftltern. The controlling of the Fl'üssigkeitsströmung from the sand filters becomes generally by an automatically adjustable l ückstaubzw. GegendruckregelventiI obtained, this control is necessary for the correct enterprise of the pumps. At the original side herkönnnlicher biological trickling filter or filter a joggle tank is intended, in order to let and remove the developed mud set off. It was found surprising that when using sand filters after flowing through the waste water by the aerobes filter a distance of the Humussehlammes is not necessary, since the content of suspended solid particles in from the biological trickling filter or aerob arheitenden biological filter leaking out liquid is sufficient low, in order to permit a direct yield. “Biological ones drip (seep) Filte are in L. small; River Pollution 3: Control, London, Butterwor hVerlag, P. 101, described. The relative size of the sand filters and the biological filters is adapted to the flow rate, the composition of the refinery or other erdölhàltigen waste water and the final condition of the waste water which can be obtained. Although both sand filters and biological BehandIungsphasen were already so far used independently for the treatment by Rsfuerieabwässern, is it surprising that the use of sand filters, followed of a biological filter treatment, the reaching of a low oil rate made possible and that the bio needed with this procedure! ogisehe oxygen need on reason of the small content of suspended Feststeffteilchen is so low that separating the small quantity of existing mud is unnecessary. Where large quantities of Regenwasscr or other water running off can flow by the system, a I_agerbehälter or an area can be built for the temporary storage of the surplus water in the system, e.g. preferably in form of a combined rain water basin and rag sump for the sand filters. - 5 - Nr.3365! Becomes following to 4 the invention on the basis the enclosed design, which is a schematic representation of a Ausfährungsform of the erfindungsgemäSen procedure and in which storage vessels --l-- for oil-bearing waste water with a API Separa r --2-- is connected, in order to beseilägen the oily mud, more near described. The water becomes from the API separator by means of a battery from pumps to a parallel arrangement of sand filters --3-- pumped. Connected with the sand filters --3-- is a rewashing main line --4--, which can rewash the sand filters separately and in sequence, the rewashing water becomes by the line --5-- the API separator supplied. The water flowing by the Sandfllter becomes by the pressure control valve --7-- a biological trickling filter or filter supplied. The water from the biological Troplkörper or filter--8--becomes by the line--9-- i0 a lagoon or an equilibrium basin --12-- supplied, of where it finally selected by --10-- leaks out. Further is a Noßbsetzüberlaul --IL-- planned, which the API separator --2-- with the lagoon or equilibrium basin --12-- , an emergency by-pass line connects --14-- makes possible going around the trickling filter or biological filter --8--, if from the sand filters --3-- flowing water with toxisehem material like a mineral acid is contaminated e.g. In the enterprise becomes the waste water of --i-- the API separate --2-- transmitted, where the majority of the oil is removed, after leaving the API separator --2-- becomes the water by the sand filters --3-- pumped, where the not serving suspended oil is removed. After leaving the sand filters--3-- the water flows to the Troplkörper or seeping filter --8--, whereby the counter-pressure at the pumps by means of the Druckregelvenüls --7-- one steers. In the biological Troplkörper or seeping filter --8-- the content of soluble Erdölfraktionen and the biological oxygen need degree are limited to the necessary extent, in such a way treated water become before the final yield the equilibrium basin --12-- transmitted. If the sand filters --3-- to Rfickwa are due, they lnit air and water rewashed and the rewashed oil and such becomes over the line --5-- the API separator --2-- supplied. Below an example it is stated the procedure according to invention. B e i s p i e 1: A sand filter with a “Sandteilchenmaschenwcitd' from 1 to 2 mm and a maximum flow rate of 460 mS/h was connected with a biological Troptkörper or seeping filter, which contained a filling of 50, 8 mm size of any Kunststeffmediums. Then refinery waste water became after leaving a API separator with an oil content of 22 mg/1 (measured by Chloroformex raktion, evaporation when ambient temperature and weighing) and a biologisohen Sauersü ffbedarf of 100 mg/1 with a flowing through speed of 80 mS/h by the sand filter and whereupon by the biological trickling filter or seeping filter led. After leaking out the biological trickling filter the exhausted waste water exhibited a Erdölgchalt ven 4 mg/1 and a biological Sauerstoffbedarf of 10 mg/1. ON BEHALF TENTANSPRÜCHE: 1. Procedure for the treatment of erdölhältigen, in particular from an oil refinery joggle device coming waste water under reduction of the Erdölgehal e on values under 5 mg Öl/l, whereby the waste water first a Filtrat2on and then a biological treatment are subjected, D A D u r e h is marked, there first a Filiation by a sand filter is made and then a following biological treatment by a biological trickling filter (Perkolationsfilter) or a aerob working biological filter. 2. Procedure after Anspruchl, marked by it, which the waste water is led by a sand filter, the sand of an average partial marriage size of 0, 5 to 5 mm exhibits. 3. Procedure according to requirement 1 or 2, by characterized which the waste water is pumped by means of only one pumping phase by the sand filter to the upper range of the biological trickling filter or aerob working biological filter. 4. Procedure after one of the requirements 1 to 3, by characterized that the waste water is led by a multiplicity of parallel arranged sand filters, before they are supplied to the biological trickling filter or that aerob working biological filter.