COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH PREFERABLY NON-METALLIC STORAGES AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PRODUCTION

The invention concerns a composite material with preferably non-metallic storages in a metallic base material, in particular for electrical contacts, and procedures for its production. As material for electrical switching contacts silver and its alloys s are predominantly used, because these contact materials apart from a very high electrical conductivity exhibit a sufficient oxidation stability and favorable characteristics regarding the transition resistance. With highly loaded switching contacts, with which in the shifting process arcs arise, these before-well-known contact materials show an unwanted welding inclination, a Verkiehen of the contact areas and/or a migration of material between the Kontaktstücken and an unfavorably high burn-up rate to silver basis. For the overcoming of these disadvantages the contact materials are by additives to the silver and/or. Silver alloy round material improved. Well-known additives are thereby metal oxides, like cadmium oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide etc., which is stored in finely divided form into the base material. Such contact materials possess smaller burn-up, smaller is welding strength with scolded and a relatively low contact resistance. Bringing in the oxides effected into the silver basic mass thereby essentially in two well-known procedures: a) with the powder metallurgy procedure a mixture becomes from silver powder and Metal! oxide powders pressed and afterwards sintered, and with the procedure of the internal oxidation e.g. one glows for b) an alloy of the silver with a unedleren metal, like cadmium, zinc or tin, in oxidizing atmosphere. The oxygen diffuses thereby into the inside of the alloy and reacts with the unedleren alloying constituent under formation of feindispers distributed oxide. In the case of the powder metallurgy production of the contact material an uneven mixture of the powdered Bestandtefle can result. Furthermore at Preßund sinter procedure separations can take place, which concentration fluctuations cause. In addition those powder metallurgical 2s of manufactured materials offer certain difficulties with the non-cutting deformation, because they, in particular with high portion of the nonmetal components, exhibit only a smaller ductility. If the contact materials are manufactured in the procedure of the internal oxidation, then the concentration of the metal oxide is given by the solubility of the alloy metal in silver and by the occurrence of the so-called outside oxidation. This feature prevents the further penetration of the oxygen and thus the selective oxidation of the unedleren alloying constituents by the education of oxygen-impermeable, connected oxide films inside the silver base material. Like that it is for example not possible, for alloys with more than 2 Gew. - To subject % tin of an internal oxidation. In addition kinetics of the expiration of the internal oxidation causes a grain size gradient of the oxide of the surface the inside the material. This entails, 3s that the actually demanded uniformity of the oxide grain size not be kept can. The DE-OS 2108995 describes a procedure for the production of semi-finished material from fiber-reinforced composite material, with which the original powder particles are deformed too much thin, lengthwise-oriented fibers, whereby the covering material forms a closed covering, which isolates the enclosed fiber from the neighbouring. It is expressly indicated that as nuclear material untreated or by cutting up prepared powder is to be used, which is warmed up first up to the softening point and deformed in such a manner afterwards that the nuclear material forms lengthwise-oriented fibers. Thus a GRP components material with stored homogeneous pieces of fiber, which implement neither the entire length of the material line-like, develops still contained in the final state as Einlagerungso composite material from each other separable Pulverteilchen. 4s the DE-OS 2163189 concerns a procedure for the production of bars from metallic powder, whereby the metallic powder is filled, pressed together into a hollow pipe locked at its ends and finally sintered under pressure, so that the powder particles melt. Hiebei are formed neither several fraying ranks in a matrix, still homogeneous strands or fibers consisting of separable Pulverpartikein. s0 in the US-PS Nr.3, 337.337 is likewise described a sinter material, with which the particles are transformed by extrusion to fibers. These fibers do not contain together following Pulverteilchen, and the production of continuous strands is not possible. The US-PS No. 3.720.257 describes a procedure for the fusion infiltration of metallized carbon fiber bundles, with which at all no powder is used as fiber material. The procedure aims at the reinforcement of carbon fibers, which first with a nickel plating provided is distributed and afterwards in a metallic melt standing under vacuum. In the final state no continuous fibers or strands consisting of separable powder particles are present. The invention proceeds from setting of tasks, a composite material with preferably non-metallic storages in a metallic base material, in particular for electrical contacts, u to create, with which a desired distribution of the additive and even grain size can be achieved if necessary. The marking of the invention is to be seen in that from at least one material existing, powdered storages in the Grundmaterlal in the form of several continuous strands to be present. With such a material the portion can be specified of the additives stored in form of several continuous strands and/or fibers and their distribution almost at will. A such new metallic material, with the Pulverteüchen in the form of continuous strands and/or. quasi homogeneous fibers are stored, possess as contact material particularly favorable contact contacts, for example regarding the burn-up stability. Another if necessary favourable application concerns electrode materials, for example for ignition electrodes in internal combustion engines, with which a high burn-up stability is likewise demanded, in addition the production 2a von Bauelementen of the Reaktortechnfk as well as with superconductors. Metallic materials with stored fibers belong to the state of the art. However it was so far obviously unknown to store in place of continuous fibers powder material in the form of several continuous strands into a metallic material. Into the metallic base material favourably faserförmige oxides, like CdO, can be stored SnO2, ZnO, AI2 0s, NgO, CaO, ZrO2, PbO, as well as Ylischungen of such oxides. A further favourable possibility can be given in the storage of intermetalUscher connections, like NbTi, in form of several continuous strands. Finally also first powdered available, hochsclunelzende metals, like tungsten, can be stored molybdenum, in form several continuous strands into the metallic base material. Further favourable, storagable metal connections are carbide, nitrites, Boride u.ähnl., furthermore graphite, glass and organic powders. As base material are suitable for contact materials silver and copper and/or alloys, which consist in their predominant portion of this lugs. Furthermore it can be appropriate that faserbzw. storages in the basic (matrix) arranged strangförmig - material in an essentially even distribution are present. A favourable even distribution lets itself reach if necessary by that the storages in the base material essentially parallel preserving. The thickness of the individual storages is to be thereby favourably in the order of magnitude of. A favourable procedure for the production of such a metallic material can be implemented in the way that pipes from matrix material are filled with the powdered additives which can be stored and deformed after appropriate catch in such a manner non-cutting that a Manteldraht with stored soul of the additive develops, and that the Manteldrähte are bundled and deformed together so far non-cutting that the nuclear material in veins of less than 10 thickness is present, while the Mantehnaterial of the individual Manteldrähte is connected to an even matrix. Both Manteldrähte with same additives and such can be united with unequal additives or with different Kernquerschnitt. The powder filling in can take place in different procedures, if necessary appropriately under vacuum and/or under effect of ultrasonic. Further the use of Pulverpreßlingen can be appropriate. Furthermore it can be zweclmnäßig that with the non-cutting deformation of the pipes for the education ¾ of the anteldrähte and/or with the non-cutting deformation of the formed Manteldrähte intermediate annealing suitable between the deformation procedures are made. A further advantage can be obtained if necessary thereby that the Manteldrähte in a tubing body from matrix material, filled with additives, are bundled and deformed together with this non-cutting. Such a tubing body lets itself manufacture in different angular, circle-circular or elliptical Nr.342876 cross-sectional shapes. After reaching the desired fiber cross section the tubing body can be maintained as part of the matrix. For different applications it appears however appropriate, the tubing body after reaching the desired fiber cross section by chemical and/or spanahhebende procedures and/or. to remove by electrolytic procedures again. An easily ablöshares material for the tubing body can be used if necessary. An important improvement can be perhaps achieved by it that the finished, by non-cutting deformation manufactured molded articles, of which in form of several continuous strands contains the powdered portions, afterwards such a thermal treatment is submitted, with which the individual powder grains of the nuclear material sinter together. In accordance with the lVlerkrnalen invention leave themselves thus metallic materials with stored, preferably non-metallic auxiliaryin particular contact materials for high-duty electrical contact manufacturing, which favorable physical characteristics connect with advantages of the manufacturing process. Remark example: Into a on one side closed fine silver pipe of 13 mm outside diameter and a wall thickness of 3 mm cadmium oxide powders with grain size under 1 p were filled. The compression of the powder took place via mechanical shaking with a frequency from about 50 cycles per second and additional pressing again by means of a Stößeis, which was clamped into a hydraulic Pressse. After filling the still open end of pipe was welded shut. The pipe was non-cutting deformed now through hammers on the diameter of 8 mm. Subsequently, different drawing procedures with a cross section reduction took place from in each case 20B. The intermediate annealing were made at a temperature of about 300°C. In the case of a dimension of the Manteldrähte of approximately 0.3 mm in diameter this was bundled and inserted into a silver pipe with a Außendurctunesser by approximately 20 mm 2s with a wall thickness by 0.5 mm. This molded article was deformed by pulling so far, to itself a diameter of the embedded, powdered nuclear material of about 5 pm resulted in. The Außendurctunesser of the metallic composite material amounted to in this stage about 2 mm. The weight percentage set of the stored cadmium oxide was with the finished composite material with for instance i0 Gew. - o. In the designs a remark example of the subject of the invention is schematically represented; show: Fig.1 a cross section by a tubing body with stored Mauteldrähten, Fig.2 a cross section by the deformed tubing body after Fig.1, Fig.3 a cross section by a contact rivet with stored fibers. In Fig.1 are in a tubing body --1-- from matrix material of 20 metal wires --2-- stored, which in each case from a powder core --3-- and a coat --4-- out resemble MatrixmaterJal exist. Fig.2 shows the cross-sectional shape of the deformed compound body. In the increased sectional view after Fig.3 a contact rivet is shown, with in a silver basic mass --5-- faserförmig distributed Caömiumoxyd --6-- in even distribution is stored. The diameter of the rivet head amounts to about 4 mm, the Schaftdurchmesser 2 mm. The contact rivet, which is intended with high-duty switching contacts for the use, possesses a height of 8 mm.