VЕRFАНRЕN UND VОRRIСНТUNG ZUR КЕRАМISСНЕN SСНWЕISSUNG

The invention concerns a ceramic welding method, whereby a mixture by fireproof particles and Brennstoffteilchen from a discharge opening at the end of a lance in a gas flow is hurled against a goal surface, where the Brennstoffteilchen in a reaction zone burn to soften or melt in order to produce heat, in order the hurled fireproof particles, and thus a connected fireproof welding mass to form. The invention extends to a ceramic welding jig for hurling a mixture at fireproof particles and Brennstoffteilchen from a discharge opening at the end of a lance in a gas flow against a goal surface, where the Brennstoffteilchen in a reaction zone burn to form in order to produce and soften heat or melt around the hurled fireproof particles, and thus a connected fireproof welding mass and in particular on a ceramic welding jig, which exhibits a lance, which has a discharge opening for the delivery of a powder mixture for ceramic welding. Ceramic welding methods are used in principle for the repair of worn out or damaged fireproof linings of furnaces of different type. In the ceramic welding method, how it is technically accomplished, a ceramic flux mixture, which covers grains of fireproof material and fuel grains, is hurled against one heatproof surface in a feed gas stream, which can be repaired, which consists completely or mainly of oxygen. The fireproof surface is best repaired, while it is practically with its operating temperature, which can lie within the range of 800 “C until 1300 “C or even more highly. This has advantages, since one avoids each requirement of waiting for the cooling or reheating of of the fireproof which can be repaired lining up and thus the down time of the furnace minimized, since one avoids many problems, those by thermal stress in the fireproof material due to such a cooling and reheating it is conditioned and also in the promotion of the effectiveness of the ceramic welding reactions whereby the Brennstoffteilchen in a reaction zone burn against the goal surface and there one or more fireproof oxides form, while sufficiently heat is set free, in order at least the surfaces of the hurled fireproof grains to melt or soften, so that a welding repair mass of high quality in the repair place can be developed, if the lance is directed via it. Descriptions of ceramic welding processes can be found in the British patents GB 1,330,894 and GB 2,110 200-A. It found that work distance, which is the distance between the reaction zone at the goal surface and the discharge opening of the lance, by which the ceramic flux is hurled, for different reasons of importance is. If this work distance is too small, the risk exists that the lance point can come into the reaction zone, so that fireproof material at the end of the lance is separated and possibly their discharge opening blocks. There can be even a risk that the reaction could strike back into the lance, although this possibility can be avoided to a large extent thereby ensuring that the speed of the feed gas stream, which leaves the lance is higher than the propagation rate of the reaction. Also the possibilities exist that the lance can be heated up due to its large proximity zurr reaction zone and there;] it the goal surface to affect can, which leads again to the possible blocking of its discharge opening. If on the other hand the work distance is too large, the ceramic flux stream has a possibility of spreading so that the reaction will not be concentrated in such a way, which leads a weld of less high quality to a loss at effectiveness, increased jumping back of material of the goal surface and even to the risk that the reaction fails. The optimal distance between the lance discharge opening and the goal surface depends on different factors. For example with a welding procedure, how ceramic flux in a quantity of between 60 and 120 kg! h from a lance discharge opening with an inside diameter is delivered from 12 to 13 mm, states one that this optimal distance between 5 and 10 cm amounts to. This optimal distance is rarely larger than 15 cm. Because of the high temperatures, which are present in the typical case in the repair place, the goal surface and other parts of the furnace lining bend to radiate strongly in the visible spectrum and the reaction zone are high-grade. - 3ißglühend. This makes the direct observation of the lance delta difficult and the difficulty w rQ increased, if the length of the lance is increased. Lances with a length of 10 m are not unknown actually and it are also not unknown to accomplish a weld in a place which is outside of the direct view of the welder. It is a goal of this invention of making a procedure and a device available whereby a welder can control the distance between the delta of a ceramic welding lance and a repair place more easily. In accordance with the invention becomes in a ceramic welding method, whereby a mixture by fireproof particles and Brennstoffteilchen from a discharge opening at the end of a lance in a gas flow is hurled against an RK 400,714 B goal surface, where the Brennstoffteilchen in a reaction zone burn to soften or melt in order to produce heat, in order the hurled fireproof particles, and thus a connected fireproof welding mass to form, made available a procedure for the monitoring of the distance between the lance delta and the reaction zone, which by it is characterized that reaction zone and at least one part of the gap between this reaction zone and the lance delta are supervised by a camera and an electronic signal is produced, that the distance (“the work distance”) between the lance delta and the Reak'tionszone indicates. The available invention covers also a ceramic welding jig for hurling a mixture of fireproof particles and Brennstoffteilchen from a discharge opening at the end of a lance in 7 a gas flow against a goal surface, where the Brennstoffteilchen in a reaction zone burn to form in order to produce and soften heat or melt around the hurled fireproof particles, and thus a connected fireproof welding mass which is characterized by that such a device covers further means for the monitoring of the distance between the lance delta and the reaction zone (“the work distance”), which a camera for the monitoring of 5 and at least one part of the gap between this reaction zone and the lance delta covers reaction zone and means for production one electronic signal, which indicates the work distance. It is evident that by a procedure and a device in accordance with this invention a welder can use the produced electronic signal, so that he can steer more easily the distance between the discharge opening of a ceramic welding lance and the reaction zone in the repair place and able is thus better to ensure the continuous achievement of the optimal welding conditions. Surprisingly that it is possible, a control signal is to be received, which indicates the work distance, by one a camera in that very hot and bright environment of a furnace with its operating temperature uses. In preferential execution forms of the invention reaction zone and at least one part of the gap between this reaction zone and the lance delta are supervised, by using a charge-coupled device (“CCD”) camera. Such a camera can be made quite small, so that it is to be handled comfortable and their enterprise is suitably for a simple production of this electronic signal, which indicates the work distance. Many at present available CCD cameras have the additional advantage that they are particularly sensitive to wavelengths of light, which are emitted by a ceramic welding reaction zone. The control signal can be used directly for the automatic maintenance of a correct work distance. For example a lance can be installed drivingposed on one, so that it is mobile concerning three axles standing perpendicularly one on the other by three engines under the controlling of a computer, which is fed with this signal. Alternatively or additionally, and an audible and/or visible signal is preferably produced, in order to differentiate between operating conditions, with which (A) the actual work distance falls within a range of tolerance for a pre-determined work distance, and (B) the actual work distance outside of such a range of tolerance falls. The welder can control thereby the position of the lance delta more easily regarding the work, if this is under manual control or it can be easier able to supervise an automatic welding shop. With some execution forms of the invention this camera is independently mobile concerning this lance and at the same time is used to supervise the situations of this lance delta and the reaction zone. Such execution forms of the invention can be converted into the practice, by using ceramic welding lances of well-known type. The suitable positioning of the camera makes the monitoring of the work distance between that omitting for the lance and the reaction zone possible. Since the lance delta is supervised likewise, can be used the picture the omitting of the lance in the Fokalebene the camera, in order an announcement of the distance between the camera and to give and it makes this for the end possible of the lance to compute the distance between the end of the lance and the reaction zone. Preferably such a computation is made and it is preferred automatically from there that a signal is produced, which is proportional to the size of the picture the omitting of the lance, how it is supervised by this camera and that this signal is used as a calculation factor for a picture of the work gap between the reaction zone and the lance delta. The calibration of the device is highly simplified, if this camera in a fixed position and orientation on this lance is fastened and the choice of this characteristic is preferentially. RK 39250221 B actual extends the invention to a ceramic welding jig with a lance, which has at one of its ends a discharge opening for the delivery of a ceramic flux mixture and thereby is characterized that this lance a fastened electronic camera enclosure, which is directed against a path, along which this powder mixture be discharged can. Such a lance must not have a particularly complicated construction and the execution of the procedure of the invention also simplified, there ensured is that the camera always looks in the correct direction. The visual field of the camera with such execution forms can include, does not have however not, the omitting of the lance, since the position the omitting in relation to the visual field admits will be. The calibration is also highly simplified and can be accomplished easily under site conditions outside of each furnace, by presenting a scale graduated on the omitting of the lance in adjustment with the output way for the powder mixture and this scale by the camera regarded. Such a graduated a scale can take appropriately the form of a trailer, which is surrounded by a mask, which is perforated in Abst nden and along its length, for example in distances from 1 cm, so that the camera in the distance can note arranged to lit marks. In order to protect in the use the camera in relation to heating, it is preferred that this camera is held in a coat, which is for the circulation of a cooling agent furnished and adapted. Many execution forms of technically used ceramic welding lances contain already a water jacket, whose principal purpose is it to avoid an overheating of the lance in particular against it omitting, and such a water jacket can be easily modified, in order to take up this camera. Favourable way is intended a filter, in order to shield the camera from infrared radiation. At present in the trade available cameras are mostly not intended for the transformation of infrared radiation into electrical signals, so that the supply of such a filter serves further for it, to protect the camera in relation to overheating without impairing in any way the enterprise of the camera. Such a filter can consist for example of a thin Goldfolie, which is at least partial for visible radiation transparency, however very high constituent amount of radiation reflected in the Infrarotspektrum. Many of such cameras are actual blindly against radiation with wavelengths of more than 900 Nm and one state that the spectral emission of a typical ceramic welding reaction zone has its maximum with a wave line below 850 Nm. In order to thus supply the maximum protection against infrared radiation for the camera with minimum effect on their answer, it is preferred that such a filter is so arranged and adapted that it shields the camera from radiation with wavelengths from more than 900 Nm. Preferably a further filter is planned, in order to shield this camera from radiation with wavelengths from less than 600 Nm. Such short-wavy radiation can become shielded by means of a red filter and this has the advantage that one decreases the registration of light by the camera, which does not come from the reaction zone strongly. It decreases also the dazzling light, which permits it to supervise the reaction zone more exactly. With a special, practical execution form with both these preferential giving case characteristics is provided the camera with filters, which shield radiation with wavelengths from less as 630 or 650 Nm and wavelengths from larger than 850 Nm practically, so that the largest part of the radiation energy breaking in on the camera has a wavelength, which falls in this (not shielded) volume. With some preferential execution forms of the invention a filter is intended, in order this camera of radiation with shorter Wellenl ngen than 670 Nm to shield. If the lance is swivelled over the Obertläche of the range which can be repaired, there is obviously an increment of this range, from which the reaction zone straight moved away. Because of the intensive heat at the reaction zone this surface increment will be strongly heated up, and it knows well further brightly glowing, after the reaction zone further-walked on a neighbouring part of the repair range. This remainder glowing can by the use of a Sub-670 of Nm filter be decreased or be eliminated, which thus each apparent distortion of the reaction zone, as it was registered by the camera, decreased or avoids. Favourable way are intended means, in order to supply a gas flow, which rinses over this camera. It is evident that the atmosphere is probably strongly loaded with dust and steams inside a furnace, which is prepared, including dust and steams, which are produced by the ceramic welding method, and which helps acceptance of this preferential characteristic in addition, the camera from dust and steam condensates to keep clear, which would make it otherwise blind. The temperature of such a gas is preferably in such a manner that it has also a cooling effect on the camera. AT400 714 B the situation of such a camera on the lance is not critical, provided that the visual field of the camera covers the necessary length of the powder output way. This camera is preferably fastened on the lance in a distance between 30 and 100 cm of the lance delta. In connection with a charge-coupled semiconductor component (CCD) of 12.7 mm size gives a mm objective lens s a visual field of 24 to 15 '. If this 70 cm by the end of the lance is arranged, a distance of the powder output can be regarded by 30 cm. In order to produce a signal, which indicates the actual work distance to each given time, signals, which correspond to the picture noted by the camera, can be supplied to an analyzer, in order to determine the situation of the reaction zone. This situation is recognized as that zone ro of the camera screen, where the light intensity exceeds a pre-determined threshold value. To a preceding calibration, by which the actual distance from two points with the distance of the pictures of these points and the situation of the end concerning the picture in relationship are brought to the lance, it is to be led away simple, a signal, which indicates the work distance. Signals, which are produced by the used camera, can be stored as electronic picture and used in different way. The picture does not have to be shown actually. It can be used for example for the controlling of a welding robot. Alternatively or additionally signals, which indicate the actual work distance, can be compared after suitable calibration easily electronically with a signal, which corresponds to a meant optimal work distance and each difference can is used, in order to produce an audible signal. For example the arrangement can be like that, if the lance delta approaches working premises too much hochund a sharp-sounding signal is produced by intensifying intensity, while, if the distance between the lance delta and working premises becomes larger, a low-sounding signal is produced by intensifying intensity. The goal of the welder is it then to hold the produced audible signals with as a quiet operation as possible. 22 preferably is used however the signals produced by the camera in order to produce a picture on a video monitor screen. The supply of a video monitor screen for the announcement of a picture of the scene regarded by the camera makes it for the welder possible to keep the information demanded by it easier. It is not necessary that this picture is a votles two-dimensional picture of the work scene. Since everything which the welder know must, the way is, in which a linear measurement changes, can a linear CCD camera on the lance be installed, with the appropriate cost saving. Such a linear camera can be also used for it, in order, to be produced as mentioned above, an audible signal. Preferably however such a camera is to be able to supply a full two-dimensional picture. If this is indicated, it gives a more natural opinion to the welder and it can permit also a larger accuracy in the monitoring of the distance between working premises and the lance delta to 32, how is still described later this. Favourable way is used this video monitor screen to show a picture of the reaction zone which is overlaid a calibration scale. The supply of means for the storage of a calibration scale and showing a picture of this scale on this screen facilitates the work of the welder much, since it can see at one time, how far the lance delta is distant from working premises and can then each necessary corrective measure meet. The invention is described now for example with reference to the attached schematic designs. Mean: Fig. 1 is a general opinion of an execution form of a ceramic welding lance in accordance with the invention, whose delta is directed against one wall which can be repaired, whereby to the additional clarity the end of the lance is pointed on average; Fig. 2 is a cross section opinion of the lance body along the line A-B in Fig. 1; Fig. a stage shows 3 during the calibration of monitoring equipment, those with the lance of Fig. 1 is connected; and Fig. 4 shows a video monitor screen, how it can look during the execution of a ceramic welding method, in accordance with the invention effected. In the designs a lance 10 transported an end of work 11, which is provided by oxygen-rich feed gas with a discharge opening 12 for the output of a river, the one ceramic flux mixture. 52 the composition of the discharged river can on the kind of the surface which can be repaired depend. For example for a repair of a Silica Feuerfestmaterials the feed gas can consist the ceramic flux of dry technical oxygen and can of 87 Gew. - % silicon dioxide particle with sizes of approximately 100/m up to 2 mm as fireproof component and 12% SiliziumAT 400,714 B and 1% aluminum particle, both with a nominal maximum size of approximately 50 u.m as fuel components exist. The ceramic flux is supplied to the lance discharge opening 12 by a lance pipe 13, which is surrounded by a middle and outside lance pipe 14 and 15, at omitting the 11 of the lance with one another in connection. The middle lance pipe 14 is provided with an inlet 16a for the supply of a cooling agent, like water, and the outside lance pipe 15 has a discharge opening 16b for this cooling agent. Thus the lance is provided with a Wasserkühler, in order to avoid overheating. A CCD camera 17 is some Dezimeter (e.g. 30 to 100 cm), from which lance delta removes, where it is surrounded by a short extension 18 of the water jacket. As shown the face covers! o field 19 of the camera 17 the omitting 11 of the lance 10 and also a damaged range 20 of a fireproof wall 21, which is to be repaired. A reaction zone 22 can being indicated, be formed against the repair place 21, like. Signals of the camera 17 are led along a cable 23, which is arranged within an air supply line 24, which sits even in the middle lance pipe 14 of the water jacket. It is pointed out that the indicator 24 for the air supply line in Fig. 1 and for that! 5 pipe in Fig. 2 one uses. The air supply line 24 goes into the extension 18 of the water jacket and their end is in such a way arranged that a continuous river is blown by fresh air over the camera, in order to keep it free from dust and steam condensates to help in order to maintain the image quality and cools the camera. The camera is provided with a strong Rot'filter and a reflection filter, for example from gold, in order to shield infrared radiation, so that the radiation can prevented outside of the wavelength volume 630 (or 650) to 850 Nm, preferably outside of the Wetlenlängenbandes 670 to 850 Nm, be attained the camera. A suitable CCD camera is in the trade under the trade name the ELMO Color Camera system 1/2 " CCD image sensor available; effective picture elements (pixels): 579 (H) x583 (V): Picture scanning field: 6.5 x 4.85 mm; outside diameter 17.5 mm times about 5 cm long. As alternative a FarbCCD camera can be used, like “WV-CDIE” by Panasonic or “IK-M36PK” by Toshiba. Such a device can, as in Fig. 3 to be shown, calibrated very easy. A scale graduated is presented on the omitting of the lance and noted festgeklammert and by the camera 17. This can take place depending upon liking the operator outside of any furnace on normal workshop conditions. Because of the rather strong filtering, with which the camera is preferably provided, it is to be designed appropriate, the scale 25 as mask for a trailer, whereby the mask in regular intervals has arranged holes, like the holes 1 to 7, which can lie apart for example 1 cm. The camera will then note a set of light spots, which aut a video monitor screen during the execution of a ceramic welding repair be shown can. This forms a line of data points on the charge-coupled semiconductor component (CCD) of the camera, which with the well-known, for actual distances from the discharge opening of the lance agrees and this makes the attitude possible of a relationship between each picture element (pixel) of the camera picture and an actual distance from the lance delta. Such a video monitor screen is with 26 in Fig. 4 shown. On this screen the omitting 11 of the lance shows up as dark silhouette and the ceramic welding reaction zone 22, which are distant from this omitting a given work distance, shows up as bright white-hot range. The points of calibration indicated as 0 to 8 can on the screen either in white or in black vviedergegeben to be. The remainder of the screen surface will have an intermediate shade of grey, provided that a monochromer monitor is used. It is evidently that the reaction zone 22 is shown as circular range, of which from a side a rag stands out. Because of the intensive heat, which develops during the ceramic weld, also the wall range which can be repaired is heated up and if the lance is swivelled over the repair place, a portion of the range, which was subjected to the direct effects of the reaction zone, can be illustrated still after glowing, so that it radiates sufficient energy, in order on the monitor. The occurrence of such a rag can be reduced and preferably becomes this, by using a filter, which shields radiation with shorter wavelengths than 670 Nm. Differently high-grade thought out execution forms for the monitoring of the distance between the reaction zone 22 at working premises and that omitting the lance, depending upon the degree of the necessary accuracy are possible. If one for example Fig. 4 regarded, easily a threshold for the brightness can be established, in order to indicate an announcement of the start of the reaction zone shown on the right side of this zone, as in this figure. During view of Fig. this results in 4 an announcement that the work distance was 7 units. It can be however that the reaction zone in the size varies occasionally, depending upon RK 400,714 B the operating conditions and that what is necessary is the distance from the center of the reaction zone. This can approximate one, as also a brightness threshold is set, those on the end of the reaction zone on the left side of Fig. 4 is applicable, in order to supply an average result. Such a distance would be about 8 1/2 units. Each of these methods can be also used, if the used CCD camera is a linear camera and not a camera, which show a full two-dimensional rendition of the work, like this on the video monitor screen of Fig. 4 shown is. On one more thought out level can the signals by the CCD camera be supervised, in order to give a sign the situation, where the picture of the reaction zone of Fig. 4 his largest height has. This gives itself a more exact indication of the center of the reaction zone, that with a work distance of 8 units in Fig. 4 finds. This degree of the refinement requires the use of a full two-dimensional camera. It is not of great importance that different numeric results are indicated by these different methods for that, what the same work distance is actual. Assumed that in Fig. with the optimal work distance of omitting the lance, would call one is 4 reaction zone shown simply this optimal distance 7, 8 1/2 or 8 spacer units, depending upon the case, and the work tolerances would be based on the suitable optimum value for the work distance. Indifferently whether one does not work with a linear or a two-dimensional camera is it necessarily to show a visible picture although this is very preferential to do. These same signals, which were used, in order to steer the video screen, could be supplied to a processor, in order to give an indication of the distance between the reaction zone and the lance delta. The processor exit could be used in order to steer a digital or similar announcement, which gives an announcement of the work distance at each given time. Alternatively or additionally such a processor could be used, in order to steer a generator for an audible signal. The arrangement could be for example like that, if the work distance lies within a small tolerance of the optimal work distance (indifferently to which value the latter was set), no audible signal is given. The signal generator can be so adjusted that it shows an audible signal of increasing height and volume, if the work distance degrades itself under the range of tolerance and a more deeply sounding signal of increasing volume, if the work distance increases over the range of tolerance. Another possibility consists of that the camera signals are supplied to a computer, which is arranged for the controlling of a welding robot. It is evident that everyone of the arrangements described in the directly preceding paragraph could be used also in connection with a video display, like this with reference to Fig. 4 descriptive is, and in particular that a digital announcement of the work distance at each given time on such a video screen be shown could. With reference to Fig. it is also evident to 4 to show or actually supervise that it is not substantial, the full extent of the work gap and the omitting of the used lance. If the camera 17 is fastened concerning the lance delta to a firm place and with firm orientation, then the mental situation of this discharge opening is well-known, indifferently whether it is shown or not. If it admits is that the correct work distance will be less never than, for example, 2 units, then no necessity exists to show the lance end or these two units of the work distance. It is however evident that useful information about the conditions in the direct proximity can be inferred from the lance delta, if the full extent of the work distance and this delta are supervised. It is also evident that it is not necessary for execution at least the procedure of the invention that the CCD camera is fastened to the lance. It can be also a separate piece of facility and supply nevertheless valuable results. This can happen in the following way. The CCDKamera is adjusted in such a way that she regards the work distance including the lance delta and the reaction zone, like this essentially in Fig. 4 ist_ like before the CCDKamera the end of the lance will see indicated as dark silhouette and the reaction zone as bright range. The apparent separation of the reaction zone and the omitting of the lance, as it is noted in the focus level of the camera, can be derived easily in a processor, which is fed with signals by the camera. Also the apparent size the omitting of the lance can be derived. Since the omitting of the lance has a well-known diameter, it is not difficult to steer the processor in such a way that he converts the apparent separation of the reaction zone and the omitting of the lance into a suitable linear measurement of the work distance. A continuous reevaluation of the work distance would take place during the welding shop, in order to consider changes in the relative situations of the welding lance and the camera. How a synthesized scale RK and/or a digital announcement of the work distance a video monitor screen as well as the picture know 400,714 B RST are before supplied, which is seen by the camera, and/or other visible or audible signals can be produced, in order to give an announcement of the actual work distance, compared to the optimal work distance.