CHEMILUMINESCENT DEVICE

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The production of devices capable of emitting light through chemical means is well known in the art.

Chemiluminescent lightsticks, for example, are taught by U.S. Patent 3539794. Other configurations of devices for emitting chemical light have also been the subject of many U.S. patents, see, for example U.S.

Patent Nos. 3350553; 3729425 and 3893938. A recent patent, U.S. Patent No. 4635166 has also issued direct¬ ed to an emergency light and containing a reflector.

The devices of the prior art, while satisfying some specific needs, have generally not received wide-spread commercial acceptance because they fail in one or more critical areas. The devices of U.S.

3 3 50553, for example, must be activated by air which requires some means for accessing the air, which means are subject to failure such as by leaking etc. Other 2o devices have failed commercially because of their inability to emit light over the required period of time while others emit poor quantities of light, do not concentrate the light in a centralized area, require too much chemical to be coramercially attractive from an economic standpoint, do not emit light over a uniform area, etc.

Accordingly, industry is continually on the lookout for chemiluminescent devices which overcome most, if not all, of the deficiencies mentioned above, which devices are economically attractive to the consumer and are relatively simply manufactured by th$ manufacturer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION There is disclosed herein a novel chemiluminescent device which overcomes many of the deficiencies of the prior art disclosed devices. The device is easily manufactured, enables the use of quantities of chemi- cals which are economically attractive to the manufac¬ turer and therefore also to the consumer while still resulting in a high light output over a period of time, which output may be adjusted by their specific selec¬ tion, emits light in a uniform manner and otherwise constitutes a desirable, attractive, aesthetic article of manufacture.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INCLUDING PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The instant invention is directed to a chemi¬ luminescent device comprising, in sequential relation¬ ship, A. a first polymeric sheet, being transparent or translucent and having a shaped cavity therein, said cavity capable of receiving a liquid-absor¬ bent article, B. a non-woven, liquid-absorbent article made from a polyolefin or a polyester or glass fiber, said article being of substantially the same shape as said cavity, C. a first sealed receptacle containing a first liquid component of a chemiluminescent light X290733 - 4 - 61109-7668 composition capable of providing cherailuminescent light when mixed with a second component, D. a second liquid component of a chemiluminescent light composition outside said first sealed receptacle, and B. a second polymeric sheet sealed around its periphery to the periphery of said first polymeric sheet, the sum of the quantities of components C and D being such that when absorbed in component B, component B is substantially completely saturated thereby, said liquid-absorbent article:

i) being capable of absorbing and retaining substantially the complete volume of said chemiluminescent light composition to thereby result in substantially complete saturation of the article ; ii) being capable of allowing mixing of said first and second components of said composition after being absorbed thereby; iii) having a uniform density across its widest surface; iv) being inert with regard to said composition and said first and second components? v) being substantially non-deformable in use in said device? ;-:iJ vi) being capable of substantially instanta¬ neous absorption of said first and second components, alone or when ad¬ mixed, and vii) being opaque when substantially com¬ pletely saturated with said chemi- luminescent composition.

Considering the elements of the device of the instant invention in the sequence presented above, the first polymeric sheet is flexible, transparent or translucent and chemically inert. It has a shape retaining memory and toughness which resists bursting from internal or external pressure and discourages puncture. It is produced from a polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, or copolymers thereof and can range from about .01 to about .05 inch in thick¬ ness, preferably from about .02 to about .04 inch. A circumferentially raised rib may be incorporated into its exterior face around the periphery of the shaped cavity to help prevent accidental activation of the device. The sheet may be either injection molded or thermoformed. The cavity can be in any desired shape such as a geometric shape, i.e., square, rectangle, circle, cross, etc., or an arrow, letter, heart, number, etc. Indicia may be printed or otherwise imparted to either surface of the first polymeric sheet.

T3:ie non-woven, liquid-absorbent article is shaped to match the contour of the cavity in the first poly¬ meric sheet. It is preferably die cut. The the speci¬ fic thickness, density etc. of the article is governed by the seven (7) critical features presented more fully - s - 61 109-7668 below, not the least of which is the volume of the chemiluminescent composition employed. The article is chemically inert and may be somewhat compressible. The article is made from a polyolefin or a polyester or glass fibers. The polyolefin may be polyethylene, polypropylene etc., preferably polyethylene, which is formed into a non-woven mat by compression or is formed into a porous condition such as is taught in U.S.

Patent Nos. 3729425 or 4384589.

The porous polyefchylenes are sintered, porous systems having a controlled porosity and having omni-directional, interconnecting pores. These prod¬ ucts are available under the trade designation "Porex"® porous plastics and "Porous Poly"* from Porex Technologies, Corp. Fairlawn, New Jersey. In general, the pore size may vary from 1 to 200 microns, preferably 10-50 microns.

The polyester may be, for example, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, the preferred polyester; poly- butylene glycol terephthalate; poly 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate and the like and may be formed into the non-woven, article, for example, by compacting fibers thereof as is known in the art.

The glass fibers may be manufactured into the desired non-woven structure also as is known in the art. These non-woven glass structures are commercially produced by Whatman, Inc. of Clifton, N.J. and Gelman Sciences, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan and are preferably employed in the novel devices of the present invention in those instances where a high volume of light is desired over a short period of time.

The seven (7) critical criteria of the non-woven article, as mentioned above, are essential to the production of a satisfactory functional device. The seven criteria are as follows:

1. The article must be capable of absorbing and retaining substantially the complete volume of the chemiluminescent composition to thereby result in substantially complete saturation of the article. If the article cannot absorb the volume of the chemi- luminescent light composition, light will be emitted from the composition not absorbed, thereby resulting in the device emitting light from every surface thereof rather than concentrating the light in the liquid absorbent article and emitting it primarily from the cavity surfaca of the first sheet. Furthermore, if the article is not substantially completely saturated by the chemiluminescent composition, the emitted light will not be uniform across the cavity surface of the device because the composition will be concentrated in different locations across the surface of the liquid- absorbent article.

2) The liquid-absorbent article must further be capable of allowing substantially complete mixing of the components of the chemiluminescent light composi¬ tion once they are absorbed because, in the absence of such mixing, only localized emission of light will occur across the surface of the device. This require¬ ment is vital in that, ofttimes, one of the components 3q is absorbed into the article upon manufacture of the device, the other component being contained in a rupturable receptacle. Thus, rupture of the receptical allows the released component to contact the article containing the already absorbed component and unless complete mixing of the two components is effected, poor light emission results. This limitation is less criti¬ cal when the components of the chemiluminescent compo¬ sition are substantially completely admixed before contact with the liquid-absorbent article, as discussed below.

3) The liquid-absorbent article must have a uniform density across its face. Such uniform density contributes to the satisfactory conformance of require¬ ments, 1) and 2) above, since, unless the density is uniform, uniform absorbance, saturation and mixing is improbable.

4) The liquid-absorbent article must not be chemically reactive with the chemiluminescent light composition and its components to the extent that the light formation is retarded since reaction between the components must be effected before light is emitted.

Thus, if the liquid-absorbent article deleteriously chemically or physically interferes with the reaction of the components, the quantity, quality and intensity of the resultant chemiluminescent light can be serious¬ ly retarded or negated altogether.

5) If the liquid-absorbent article is deform- able, i.e., loses its shape or continuity in the device, the light emitted will again be concentrated in that area of the cavity to which the deformed article moves upon activation during use of the device. Thus, the liquid absorbent article must be non-deformable, although it may be compressible in that it compresses when the device is subject to pressures such as re¬ quired to rupture the receptacle, however, the article must remain in place during use of the device and also retain its shape in conformity to the shaped cavity.

6) The liquid-absorbent article must be capable of substantially instantaneous absorption of the chemiluminescent composition and or its components in order that the light created be centralized in the article and not in other void spaces in the device or even inside the ruptured receptacle. It is essential that all the liquid involved be positioned in the liquid-absorbing article and that the remaining in¬ terior of the device be as dry and light-free as possible. Rapid absorption creates such a result.

7) The material from which the liquid-absorbent article is made must be substantially opaque once it is completely wetted with the absorbed liquid because, if translucent, the light emitted is materially affected, especially from an aesthetic appearance, by the revela¬ tion of the debris, i.e., broken ampoules, ruptured receptacles, distributor plate, etc., behind the light.

The result is areas of lighter and darker consistency upon visual observation of the light emitting device.

The first sealed, breakable or rupturable recepta- cle contains the first liquid component of the chemi¬ luminescent light composition. The receptacle is preferably composed of glass, i.e., may comprise a glass ampoule, however, the receptical may also consti¬ tute a pouch. The main function of the receptacle is to segregate the chemiluminescent: liquid contents therein from the second chemiluminescent liquid compon¬ ent, however, protection of the contained component from moisture, oxygen etc., and/or actinic light is also a favorable effect thereof. A preferred pouch is made from a heat-sealable polyethylene/- foil/polypropylene/polyethylene film laminate. It is chemically inert and provides a light and moisture barrier. The oxalate portion of the chemiluminescent light composition is usually packaged in such a pouch.

The receptacle is sized to fit the device above the liquid-absorbing article in close proximity to the cavity and holds the volume of liquid which the article must absorb in conjunction with the second liquid component. In preparing the liquid filled receptacle, some nitrogen gas, liquid nitrogen, argon gas, etc.

used to flush the receptacle may be trapped therein.

In the case of the plastic pouch receptacle, the gas etc. ofttimes, causes the pouch to assume a pillow shape and thereby assists in rupturing the pouch upon activation of the device.

The second liquid component of the chemi¬ luminescent light composition may be present in the device as such, i.e., as absorbed on the non-woven, liquid-absorbent article or in its own sealed, break¬ able or rupturable recepticle, as discussed above with regard to the first component. The second component usually comprises the peroxide portion of the chemi- luminescent composition. Thus, one chemiluminescent composition component may be present in a recepticle or both may be present in individual receptacles. The recepticle can be a glass ampoule, for example, or can be a rupturable pouch. Alternatively, each component maY be in its own ampoule and both ampoules may be packaged in a pouch, in which case the pouch may not be a foil pouch and need not be sealed an all sides. In this configuration, the breakage of the ampoules in the pouch, which should be chemically inert, allows initial mixing of the components before contact with the -Il¬ liquid-absorbing article, thereby assuring even greater uniformity of light emission.

The second, polymeric sheet may be prepared from the same material as the first sheet and is usually slightly thicker, ranging in thickness from about 0.02 to 0.06 inch. It also is chemically inert, flexible and puncture resistant. A suitable material from which both the first and second polymeric sheets are prefer¬ ably prepared is a propylene copolymer sold by Himont, U.S.A., Inc. of Wilmington, Del. as Profax*. The second sheet may be die cut, injection molded or thermoformed and it may contain a molded step inside its periphery to reduce bulging of the device caused by pressures resulting from the chemical reaction of the components once activation is effected. The peripheries of the first and second polymeric sheets are sealed together to form a non-rupturable bond by bar heating or ultra¬ sonic sealing, for example, for about 5-10 seconds.

The second polymeric sheet may have an adhesive area on its outer surface which enables the attachment of the device to a substrate. The adhesive area may be covered with a protective paper layer to protect it from losing its adhesive character, said paper being removable to expose the adhesive.

In a further embodiment, a perforated plastic sheet may be positioned between the non-woven, liquid- absorbing article and the receptacle or receptacles 3Q containing the component or components of the chemi- luminescent light composition. This plastic sheet acts as a dispenser, its perforations causing the liquid from the ruptured receptacle(s) to be more uniformly dispensed atop the non-woven article and thus aiding in the mixing and the uniform distribution of the i230733 composition over the complete area of the article. The perforations in the sheet can range from about 5 to about 500 microns in diameter and the sheet can com¬ prise any inert polymeric material. The dispenser may be added to the device in a disengaged manner or may be heat or sonically sealed to the interior of the device.

When one of the chemiluminescent light components is retained in a rupturable pouch, means may be posi- tioned inside the device to assist in the rupture of the pouch. To this end, a puncturing means such as a spike or spikes may be positioned adjacent the pouch such as by molding said means into the perforated plastic distributing sheet, or into the inside surface of the second, opaque polymeric sheet, whereby compres¬ sion of the device will cause the spike to puncture the pouch.

The chemiluminescent light components may be comprised of those chemicals known in the art to create light chemically upon mixing, those disclosed in any of the above specified patents being exemplary. Any such chemicals may be used in the instant device without detracting from the usefulness of the device. A typical yellow chemiluminescent light composition is comprised as follows:

Oxalate Componan-t Activator Component Dibutyl Phthalate - 88.6% CPPO* (luminescer)- 11.1% CBPEA* (fluorescer)- 0.3% Dimethyl Phthalate - 81.40% T-butyl alcohol - 13.30% 90% aq. H202 - 5.29% Sodium Salicylate - 0.01 CPPO = bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate CBPEA = l-chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene The following examples are set forth for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention except as set forth in the appended claims. All parts and percent¬ ages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 A first 3" x 3" sheet of .035" low density poly¬ ethylene is thermoformed to impart a 2" x 2" square chemically-inert, non-woven, fibrous, polyethylene terephthalate polyester mat (PE 7111 from American Felt & Filter Co.) of .050" in thickness and having a uniform density across its surface is placed into the cavity. 1.0 Part of the "activator component" dis¬ propylene/foil/polyethylene with a seal coating of ethylmethacrylate is charged with 3.0 parts of the "oxalate component" disclosed above and hermetically 5 The pouch is placed atop the mat and a 3" x 3" sheet of low density polyethylene is placed atop the pouch in peripheral alignment with the cavity containing first sheet and the resultant assembly is impulse heat sealed 2q thereof. The resultant device resists pressure up to about 5 psi. The device is squeezed to cause rupture of the pouch and kneaded to assist in removing all the liquid therefrom. The mat absorbs and retains the entire amount of liquid in the device and is completely saturated thereby almost instantaneously. The compon¬ ents of the chemiluminescent light composition mix thoroughly as evidenced by the uniform yellow light whiCii iiûïïïedlately amits from the outer cavity surface.

The mat does not deform when the device is shaken or otherwise used and is opaque as evidenced by the absence of any indication of the ruptured pouch behind the emitted light. Further, evaluation of the device is set forth in Table I, below.

- 15 _ Examples 2-17 Following the procedure of Example 1, except that equivalent size mats of other commercially available materials are substituted for that set forth therein, devices are produced and evaluated for light efficien¬ cy. The results are set forth in Table I, below.

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w 1 i -p 1 -p •H b eu a E-t rH * = * * j3 U O 1 o w rH n o M = M S U J )H u Cd H o> vo O» O OS O o eu a, eu S t-» «5 O go n co ai X >.vO >, i 1 • l o 1 o Eh >J rH H rH P ë5 X w X1 • X • W o O CU o 04 a. M w — w >— CU s CU CU CU w CU w a U O U U n q" in VO r~ X! •4-» tn 3 3 O, o -P Ë 0) >i 3 P O o -H <n eu S -P •H W C X! c c O D 3 0) <W -H 1 T) •H rH W c G E-i O -P 3 T» 2 c o \ C W \ c cr> (0 S m-P rH C•H G o 0 * X O o UXi .C Dark sp(materi *ïTJ 0)O JJO 0)O JJ11 w - O 4J .*--. s U -p a c H g • o s « CM r> u P rH x: • • •*— H iH o • (N <N <M w 0) r-H £t (C En >1+J •p 3 -H G.

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M f-3 CM O * o 1 Pi Hx:

in * rH *•H O MCQ Ul Eh Q) 0) CM <U 0) VO H Ul td hJ G G rH G > O fa (0 Sh o •< CO eu Q) \ «U \ rH -P C/3 -rH M 2: rH rH VO rH H r> W O X U rH Oi M >1 >< — >iW --> W w Ce] >, W fc* & D<n 0«(l4 M S CM X U Ej O 0 — o *- G § n H u i<j (J M u o >h X! O a ta G o < S% O a ao* O*-PO* S 1 ta !« >i >1<M >i-H CN -P 'S" u <W> CQ J r-H rH VO rH S VO ta M rH O H O 0 o o X! 0% a) O » & Oh Oi 04 s o rH CO a\ u o rH rH CM •p x:

o Oï <(-l -HrH TJ Cn 0) C M T3 -P •H O 0) 3 X O tu a. -H a-p C -P S \ c -p D \ ui a> 3 -a o 0) i M a W •H o C « -p E-< 0 4J c o a, 3 53 wx: (0 <*H W o W •H c X) 0) c rH •H O ts «si -px; O X! m C -P cri O m"MX! X!<J3 1ooEHO• S>HO(M•H3 XI(0Ooft,I1 Too thioutput/ •HrHooeuii •»H(UQ w\ O-P -pcoo 2:M i oo• co ro 00 H.J.iganingt< v~ . <N o cr» m « x: e- W O rH • H +J A* fS -H -H M 0) tH Q) o g s * m-P -H «J rH «J s - * «2 X) 0) h in c • (0 c a) (0 c o o o - En C COo -9oz.propyle n ca)rH>1a.ou erephthCo.New Bruh HamptN.J.Ann Arb, and CBoston 1-J O r-i C* >i o o. •p +j * m - < >1 %»• rH a> >. u - u c > u < H (C O rH O Ch rH rH Q) O O O -30 « « P-i a. o O-PUS-P o ou w \ IT) \ tn Û. U rH <tH C S Eh • <u > rH q rH •\ >l-H C --H M 0) - joC W C ta a rH O rH c rH fe O • rH 2i 0) S « o o (0 -P (0 o cri woo- > H u o •sS" T3 4J TJ >1 C U W Q) -H CQ F a M VO G O C (0 0) ,£- - 0) rQ S £ S •H Q) O û) « 1 C -P O 4J • U O S o a > « «UrHI-OrHOG-PgrH û) Q) C 0) G rH>-ifoiJEmlH-H O O eu J3 o &< a* > jj c c rH - en H <u «j o ro G 3 <û -P >iOtQGRJGQ-P lOrH-HCOgltJ <d u o u x: -h 4J g . a< S m DOO-PlOrHiHrH a g 1-1 « X3 0) • O Pj eoo Il < S S 13 W UIIEh II II II || It II 3 o O u O •* in VO r~ II « -K M r-H rH rH rH o C-îe-terHCNnTin Example 18 The procedure of Example 1 is again followed except that a sheet of perforated, .001 inch thick, opaque, white, low density, polyethylene, film is heat sealed to the surface of the mat closest to the pouch. Similar results are achieved except that uniform dispersion of the pouch liquid throughout the mat is somewhat more rapidly obtained.

Example 19 Again following the procedure of Example 1 except that a loose film of .001 inch thick, opaque, low density poly¬ center thereof is placed between the mat and the pouch.

Upon applying pressure, the pouch is quickly and easily ruptured. Similar results are observed.

Example A cavity is thermoformed into a 3" x 3", 25 mil poly- propylene copolymer (Profax® from Himont, U.S.A., Inc.) terephthalate polyester (PE7111) from American Felt and Filter, Co., (0.050" thick and approximately 9 ounces per square yard) is placed within the cavity. 1.4 Parts of activator solution and 1.7 parts of oxalate solution (both as above in Example 1) each contained within a separate, crushable, glass ampoule are placed with the cavity. A 3" x 3" flat sheet of the above polypropylene copolymer is placed on top of the cavity and the assembly is sonically sealed around the perimeter to produce a leak-proof bubble. Activa¬ tion of the resultant device by rupturing the ampoules instantaneously results in a yellow light emission from the article, which light is uniform across the surface of the "heart." No unabsorbed liquid is evident in the device and strenuous agitation does not deform the glowing article.

The seven criteria expressed above are fully satisfied.

Example 21 The procedure of Example 2 0 is followed except that both ampoules are placed within a square pouch composed of polyethylene plastic chemically inert to the chemi- luminescent system. The pouch is sealed only on three sides. The ampoules in the pouch are sealed within the cavity. The ampoules are crushed within the pouch thereby mixing the two chemicals and the pouch is then tipped to allow the chemicals to drain therefrom. The liquid is instantaneous absorbed by the article to obtain a uniform yellow glowing surface substantially identical to that of Example 20.

Example 2 2 A liquid-absorbent article composed of polyethylene glycol terephthalate polyester is placed within a thermo- formed cavity as described in Example 20. 1.4 Parts of activator solution are evenly distributed across the surface of the polyester. 1.7 Parts of oxalate component are sealed into a crushable glass ampoule which is then placed within the cavity. Activation occurs once the ampoule is broken, resulting in a device similar to that of Example 20.

Example 2 3 The procedure of Example 2 0 is again followed except that the copolymer sheet is thermoformed into an arrow and a - 2L - green fluorescer is used in the oxalate solution. Again, an excellent device is produced which glows green in the area of the arrow configuration.

Example 24 The procedure of Example 2 3 is followed except the thermoformed shape is that of the letter "A". Similar results are achieved.