Wall for the separation of the inside of a building from the exterior.

[0001] The invention refers to a wall for the separation of the inside of a building from the exterior in accordance with generic term of the requirement 1, to a building cover and a building with a such wall as well as a procedure for the building of a Gebäudes.

If inside a difference exists in the content of the water vapour or in the temperature between Aussenund, then a tendency results to adjust this imbalance by more accordingly water vapour-flow bzw.

Heat flow develops. So that no damage to the building construction develops, the wall is to be laid out among other things in such a way that it comes to no relative air humidity, those the mold fungus formation and/or the condensation of water bewirkt.

In climate zones, in which water vapour-flow within a yearly always from the same direction comes, as this is e.g. in Western Europe predominant the case, for the avoidance of the problem the wall construction specified above in such a way arranged that the humidity can leave the wall toward the vapor diffusion stream more easily, as it out of the direction the vapor diffusion stream into the wall penetrate kann.

There are however also climate zones, in which water vapour-flow within a yearly out of both directions, i.e. can come from the inside and outside and in reverse. This is typically in such climate zones the case, where a rain time arises and thus during a longer period a very high humidity is combined with warm temperatures. If it is then in the interiors coolly and/or more dryly, e.g. due to an air conditioning, then is water vapour-flow from outside to inside arranged. In the cooler season however the interiors are usually warmer and damper than outside, so that water vapour-flow into the opposite direction erfolgt.

Such climate conditions with reciprocal water vapour-flow, those for example into Japan to find New Zealand and other countries are, favour a condensation and a fungus growth in particular if air-conditions the interiors sind.

A possibility of avoiding with such climate conditions damage to the building construction consists of implementing both sides of the wall and preventing so a vapor diffusion stream by the wall completely. This arrangement has however the disadvantage the fact that it expresses is susceptible on mechanical damage and from there easily by damages of the steam-close levels their effectiveness can lose. Often from there without a such arrangement it is done and taken in purchase that problems give it regarding condensation and fungus growth kann.

It is a task of the available invention to indicate a harm-resistant wall for the separation of the interior of a building from the outside space which is suitable for climatic conditions particularly, with those water vapour-flow from the inside outward as well as from outside to inside auftritt.

This task is solved by a wall in accordance with the requirement 1 or 12. The further requirements indicate preferential remarks of the wall according to invention, a building cover and a building as a such wall as well as a procedure for the building of a Gebäudes.

The wall according to invention has among other things the advantage that by their special arrangement the arising climate conditions to no fungus growth or condensation of water führen.

Further characteristics and their advantages result from the following description and figures of remark examples, whereby Fig. 1 Fig. 2 first and a second remark example of a wall according to invention in an explosion opinion, and a diagram shows, in those values for the heat transition coefficient (U-value) and the vapor diffusion resistance (SD-value)) for the wall according to invention as well as for various well-known buildings indicated sind.

From this to the following parameter from the building design aspect are fallen back:

- Heat transition coefficient (also U-value called): The U-value indicates the heat flow, which flows in the stationary condition by 1 m2 of a construction unit perpendicularly to the surface, if between reciprocally fitting air a temperature difference of 1 Kelvin prevails. The U-value becomes in Watts per square meter and per Kelvin [w (m2 • K)] indicated. (To the determination of the heat transition coefficient see also the appropriate standard: EN ISO 6946 “construction units - heat-insulating property and heat transition coefficient - computation method”.) - Vapor diffusion resistance (also SD-value called): The SD-value hangs with the steam conductivity together (quantity of water, which per hour a cross-section area of 1 m2 passes through, if along the Diffusionsstrecke of 1 m steam pressure-please from 1 Pa prevails). The SD-value is given by SD = IJ • D, whereby IJ is the relationship of the steam conductivity of air to the steam conductivity of a construction unit and D the layer thickness of the construction unit. The dimension of the SD-value is meter equivalent air layer thickness in]. (To the determination of the vapor diffusion resistance see also the appropriate standard: ISO 12572:2001 “Hygrothermal performance OF building material and products - Determination OF more water vapour transmission of properties”.) - Humidity storage capacity (in the following also fiber plastic value called):

The humidity storage capacity is definable in kilograms per square meter [kg/m2] and corresponds to the receptible water vapour quantity in kilograms, which a square meter of a construction unit can take up. The humidity storage capacity determined over the difference of the mass, which exhibits the construction unit in the equilibrium at a certain temperature T1 and a certain relative air humidity phi, and which mass of the construction unit in the dry condition. This is reached, as the construction unit on 100 degrees Celsius is heated up, so that the humidity evaporates completely. (To the determination of the humidity storage capacity see also the appropriate standard: ISO 12571 “Hygrothermal performance OF building material and products - Determination OF hygroscopic sorption of properties”.) If nothing else is noted, the indicated fiber plastic values are valid for T1 = 35 degrees Celsius and phi = 85%.

The wall (from this also “external wall” mentioned) separates the interior of a building from the outside space and serves as basic wall construction of the building. It covers several layers, whereby a central, statically carrying layer disguises, reciprocally with further layers ist.

Fig. 1 shows two remark examples of an external wall according to invention. In Fig. 1 with la characterized remark example points in the order from the exterior (in Fig. 1 with < , OUT” designates) toward the inside (in Fig. 1 with < , IN” designates) seen the following layers up:

- an external plaster 8, - an outside layer 9, - a basic layer 10, - an internal layer 11, and - an interior plaster 12.

Depending upon design of the external wall as the further layer to Windund air poetry intended sein.

between the layers a foil can do 9 and 10 The external plaster 8 is laid out as non-steam-close Fassadenverkleidung and therefore affects adjusting the vapor diffusion stream. The finery 8 is in such a way treated that Schimmelund Pilzbildung is prevented. This is done e.g. in usual way via planning suitable chemical materials. There is in addition, without biocide cleans admits, which adjust warmth and dampness in such a way that the education is prevented by surface condensation water and thus no Algenund mushroom vegetation takes place. Such one cleans is for example under the name AQUA PURA® erhältlich.

In Fig. 1 with lb characterized remark example, is appropriate for a behind-ventilated, before-hung construction and is provided from there with the finished building in place of the external plaster 8 with a before-hung front (in Fig. 1 not represented). In all other respects the external wall points the layers 9 to 12 in accordance with the remark example lb auf.

The basic layer 10 forms the statically effective element of the external wall and is for example manufactured from wood. Particularly stable timber elements are well-known e.g. under the name Lignotrend®. With these elements are Holzbretter crosswise with one another verleimt.

In the available remark example the basic layer 10 is designed as continuous level, which works due to its vapor diffusion resistance steam-restraining. By suitable interpretation of the further layers 9, 11 and - if available - the layers 8, 12 however a critical dampness level can be avoided and be made available altogether an external wall with low SD-value before the steam-restraining level. Entering of the dampness the wall becomes thus certified in certain measure. This function mode to prevent any critical damp tightnesses before one or more steam-restraining levels is also with others, than in Fig. 1 execution forms shown möglich.

The outside layer 9 is outer-laterally the basic layer 10 arranged. On the one hand the outside layer 9 is warm-damming and serves in such a way for the reduction of the Transmissonswärmeverluste. On the other hand it works damp-buffering, d.

h. it is sorption active, so that it is able to take up and again deliver humidity. The outside layer 9 is in such a manner laid out that it absorbs humidity, which penetrates from outside to inside then that an accumulation of dampness and a condensation at the basic layer prevent 10 wird.

Suitable materials as insulating material for the outside layer 9, which together with the thermal insulation also an humidity-adjusting function exhibits, are such on organic basis such as wood fibers, cellulose, etc. acquaintance of products are among other things wood fiber insulations of PAVATEX® and under the name ISOFLOC® refugee Produkte.

It is also conceivably, as insulating material materials on mineral basis, e.g. porous stones, too verwenden.

The outside layer 9 can be also from several levels with different compositions developed, for example in form of one under the name DIFFUTHERM® well-known fiber board. It also conceivably that the outside layer 9 is graduated developed, as one or more steam-restraining levels (e.g. foils, painting, adhesive levels, etc.) are used, in order to optimize the absorption in the insulating material. Implemented superstructures are so graduated e.g. as fiber boards under the name PAVADENTRO® erhältlich.

The internal layer 11 is arranged interiorlateral the basic layer 10 and forms the interior skin. The internal layer 11 works like the outside layer 9 as dampness buffer and is therefore sorption active. The internal layer 11 is in such a way laid out that it can store the damp tightness, which results during a wind-close execution of the building cover in the interior and so an accumulation of dampness and a condensation at the basic layer prevent 10 wird.

As materials for the internal layer 11 among other things such are suitable on mineral basis such as loam, gypsum, etc. and organic basis such as wood. For example the layer is 11 as wood, Lehmoder Gipsplatte or as Komposit of such plates ausgebildet.

Typically the internal layer 11 is laid out as short time memory, while the outside layer 9 works as long term storage. The time interval, to which humidity in the outside layer 9 and delivered again can be taken up, is therefore longer than with the internal layer 11. Thus 11 short term dampness points know the slower dampness changes on the exterior in the interior and on the other hand by means of the outside layer 9 caught werden.

in effective way on the one hand by means of the internal layer With in Fig. 1 remark examples shown exhibits the external wall of a far layer in form of an interior plaster 12. This is trained in usual way. Depending upon interpretation of the interior the interior plaster 12 knows also omitted and/or by another layer, e.g. a wallpaper replaced sein.

With in Fig. 1 remark examples shown work the two layers 9 and 11 as damp buffer end levels, which on the concretely used, basic layer 10 are co-ordinated. During the finished construction the water vapour on its way is absorbed by the external wall - is it from the outside or from the inside - before the layer 10 in a quantity, which reaching critical level of the water vapour before the layer 10 prevents. The sorption-active condition of the external wall makes at other seasons the redelivery of the absorbed water vapour from the wall in the Innenoder for outside space possible. It can be avoided in such a way over several years that water collects in the external wall. During suitable interpretation the efficiency of the wall does not take also over the years ab.

Altogether the external wall works through steams and retarding variations in temperature by thermal mass and thermal inertia as well as by storage of humidity by sorption-active materials. Thereby fluctuations in the dampness and dampness points are decreased, so that dampness concentrations, which would be harmful for the construction, are prevented können.

The choice of the composition of the layers as well as the exact dimensioning of the individual layers, in particular the layer thickness take place e.g. by means of a suitable simulation program. This permits it to compute on the basis given initial values and the well-known physical equations, the behavior of the external wall regarding humidity and temperature (“hygrothermische behavior”). These physical equations refer among other things to Wärmeund humidity transport, the dampness photograph speed, the dampness delivery speed and the Sorptionskapazität.

Initial values are among other things local climatic data (values to temperature and air humidity, e.g. measured, which were reached locally in the course of the year), data to the intended building materials (e.g. heat conductivity, steam conductivity, etc., which exhibits the used materials) and data, which define the exact intended purpose and desired conceiving of the building (e.g. kind of the desired front guidance such as external plaster or before-hung front, intended use and arrangement of the interior and those for example itself from it resulting in resulting dampness load, size of the building, etc.).

The external wall is then laid out in such a way on the basis the simulation calculations that inside the wall too much humidity cannot to accumulate and/or be able no relative air humidities to develop, which lead to mould and condensation (in the following also “dampness avoidance condition” mentioned). For example as dampness avoidance condition it is required that the dampness concentration does not reach the maximum of 100% with the basic layer 10 and that the dampness concentration does not rise with the layers 9 to 11, and preferably also in the layers 8 and 12 during a certain period (e.g. 2 weeks and more) over 80%. Naturally latter condition can be selected also differently, e.g. also so that for the individual layers intended requirements regarding permissible humidity posed werden.

The possible initial values usually reject a far spectrum. In particular the local climate conditions and the user needs can vary strongly. Due to its layer-wise structure of the external wall a kind component system is creative, which it permits the external wall for a far spectrum to initial values to adapt in such a way that also the dampness avoidance condition fulfills ist.

The external wall is so co-ordinated regarding steam passage resistance, storage capability and insulating efficiency that condensation and mould are avoided. The external wall points one by the SD, FIBER PLASTIC, and U-values defined effective range up, which lies worth-moderately in the following ranges:

- The SD-value (vapor diffusion resistance) amounts to at the most 30 meters, preferentially at the most 25 meters and particularly preferentially at the most 20 meters. Preferably the SD-value amounts to at least 2 meters and/or at least 3 Meter.

The indicated SD-values refer naturally to the resistance in the intact surface. Any joints or other leakages are not mitberücksichtigt.

- The fiber plastic value (humidity storage capacity) amounts to at least 1 kg/m2, preferentially at least 2 kg/m2, typically amounts to the fiber plastic value at the most 20 kg/m2 and/or at the most 15 kg/m2 and/or at the most 12 kg/m2.

- The U-value (heat transition coefficient) amounts to at the most 1,5 w (m2.K), at the most 1 w (m2.K) prefers and at the most 0,7 w (m2-K particularly prefer). Preferably the U-value amounts to at least 0,1 w (m2.K).

- As from Fig. 2 evidently, lies the SDund of U-values of the external wall in the left lower range, which is named 20. (The broken rectangle within the range 20 indicates the preferential range of values.) To the comparison are in Fig. 2 wider ranges 21-24 drawn in, which typical SDund of U-values for well-known buildings in Japan angeben.

For the formation of a building cover further building parts are to be planned such as ground and cover/roof together with the external walls. These building parts can be similarly as the external wall multilevel developed and so laid out that the building cover exhibits altogether u, SDund of fiber plastic values, how they are indicated in connection with the external wall above.