Apparatus for Immissionsreduktion, especially for fine dust suppression and to improve air quality.

[0001] The invention concerns a device for Immissionsreduktion, especially for fine dust suppression.

[0002]Apollution by reducing the load on the air as fine dust or nitrogen oxides is of high interest, possible by such pollutants to minimize possible health threats. This applies particularly to the outer air in urban areas (metropolitan areas), for example large cities, where people and there live animals, such as pets, it can be difficult to avoid, suspend the pollutant containing air. Also a reduction of carbon dioxide can also be desired.

[0003] It is has been tried, for the purpose of minimizing air pollutants vertically to planting systems, as the "green walls", or "moss walls" plant walls are described.

[0004] From DE 20 2017, 104, 038 li1 moss is for example a comprehensive system for anchoring on a static load-bearing element vegetation, e.g. a wall, known, wherein vertically oriented moss mats are provided, so that a vertical element covered with moss, e.g. a wall, is formed.

[0005] In DE 10 2013, 107, 786 b4 planting system comprising a vertical support plate is a vertically described, wherein one or more moss plates serve as a cover of the carrier plate.

[0006] At De 10 2014, 114, 307 a1 wall for fine dust in urban areas is a plant bond described, wherein the planting pots Pflanztopf are fixed on a support surface. The plant has horizontal air passage openings on wall, are formed at least partially of air gaps, the are formed by, in that the planter pots arranged apart from each other.

[0007] With the already known devices from the state of the technique is the division of a large air quantities for an effective improvement of air quality in particular also possible and comparatively expensive metropolitan areas necessary capacity only restricted and expensive.

[0008] The present invention makes it policy, providing a device, the smallest possible expense at acceptable costs in particular under an effective Immissionsreduktion metropolitan areas and mega service allows the Cities as ecosystem.

[0009] For the task of the invention is a device for Immissionsreduktion solution, in particular for fine dust suppression, prepared, comprising a vertical support, a plurality of flat surfaces is arranged at, an upper support surface and each stacked vertically and an opposite lower surface having thereon an moss layer have, wherein the upper support surface in the vertical direction is inclined 45° horizontally aligned or maximum, and wherein adjacent surface area support in the vertical direction are spaced apart as far as, that between the moss layer a flat support and the lower surface of a flat carrier overlying a free gap remains.

[0010] The invention device is simple and comparatively economically and can be adapted, provide large bemooste surfaces, a real improvement in the quality to allow large air mass, as is required in particular in cities. The device is particularly well, but not exclusively, adapted, the concentration of fine dust particles in air to reduce. It is known, that fine dust from the air receiving and amplifier-off-change mosses, and this reduction of carbon dioxide produce under oxygen. It can however also other pollutants of moss, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx emissions), are removed from the air. The invention can also serve additionally device for producing oxygen, wherein the photosynthesis is released.

[0011] The device can be arranged on a wall or the like alone or standing. The invention may also a plurality of modularly-like devices to larger units are assembled.

[0012] The invention device is so designed, that the pollutant-laden air and easily bemoosten surfaces for light are accessible. The invention arranges a moss plant pots or similar device renounced and exposed on a substantially horizontal or inclined to support layer. The device is at least two open side, so that the support of the air to be purified can be swept, for example fine dust particles on the moss layer whereby flow-depositing and thus can be removed from the air. In addition to a better supply of moss layer with the invention allows air to be cleaned the device also an adequate supply of light. Even under poor light conditions that may be comparatively mosses flourish. Yet a sufficient light irradiation is also vital for mosses.

[0013] Under "Immissionsreduktion" here is a reduction in the air such as fine dust or NOx concentration of at least one air schadstoffes (n0₂ , NOS, S₂ 0) understood.

[0014] Under a "backing sheet" is understood here a carrier, extending substantially in two dimensions and comparatively little extends in the third dimension. A flat carrier according to the invention is preferably rigid and solid, and forms a surface, on which a moss layer can be arranged. The does not close from, that the carrier or its surface are uneven, for example a curved or curved shape.

[0015] The term, after which the upper support surface "is inclined in the vertical direction", means, such that the carrier is tilted about its longitudinal axis, so that the upper surface toward the pollutant source toward an expected or bemooste pollutant containing air stream has.

[0016] The term, after which "adjacent carrier where in the vertical direction are spaced from each other, that between the moss layer of a support and the lower surface an overlying support a free gap remains", means, that adjacent, i.e. immediately superposed support spaced from each other to such an extent, that between the moss layer of one support and the underside of the overlying support a free, i.e. not more taken moss gap remains, air can flow freely over the underlying layer by the moss and ample light to the moss layer can reach. The term "superimposed" closes a horizontal with respect to the carrier, for example staircase-like, offset of the carrier to one another. But it is within the framework of the present invention preferably, substantially without horizontal offset when the carrier are arranged one above the other.

[0017] The invention device is preferably so designed, that the holding device and/or the support means for water supply and water distribution at the same time, e.g. lines and spray heads, receiving. This is especially preferably in regions, in which at least temporarily, for example seasonally, naturally by humidity, rain water available etc is insufficient, with sufficient water to supply to the mosses. In this case it is also preferably, when a water reservoir is provided, the can serve, in a situation with natural water shortage nevertheless hold sufficient water. Lines for the water supply can be constructed and arranged for example, that the carrier can be at least partially supported thereon.

[0018] Each layer can also be equipped with moss Feuchtesonsoren, whose signals via a line - or radio based network (e.g. Internet of things, solder) arranged within the support structure to a irrigation system are forwarded. In this way is a to the respective context-aware moistening of the moss layers possible.

[0019] The device can optionally required electrical energy, e.g. for the operation of the irrigation system described above, by means of respective solar modules or the like providing themselves. With the device can also be used for moistening the rainwater collected and Mooses.

[0020] For the moss layer from the state of the technique known moss species in questions are, for example of the genus Polytrichum. It is preferred, regionally (e.g. in east Asia) to each domestic moss species, because these are already adapted to the respective environmental conditions are best.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention the flat carrier are swung in cross-section, for example sigmoid shaped. "Sigmoid" here i.e. generally slightly S-shaped, wherein the carrier preferably is oriented, the front portion forms a trough, the air source or to the main flow direction is harmful for, while the rear portion bulges upwardly. In this way the support is advantageously designed in such a way, that an efficient deposition of pollutants occurs, are present in the air stream, for example by pressure - and the sucking effects through the free gap and flows across over the carrier. Other forms of support are also possible however. The carrier is preferably also has at least on its front and rear - raised walls on, so that the beam in a preferred embodiment well - or shell-type design.

[0022] The support can be arranged inclined by a maximum of 45 °, so that the face is turned toward the harmful air source to more bemooste. Preferably the inclination but wherein < 40 °, 30° < , < 20 °, 15° or 10° < < .

[0023] In the preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention has the free gap in the vertical direction an average clearance H of 15 - 50 cm, preferably 20 - 45 cm, more preferably 20 - 40 cm and more preferably 25 - 35 cm on. The height of the gap is selected such, that the air to be purified as possible and optimal access to the moss and moss layer has free layer can be sufficiently supplied with natural light, artificial lighting without need.

[0024] The flat carrier is preferably made from a suitable plastic, for example made of stainless steel but can also. As recycled plastics or plastics are used to easily recycle materials in question preferably.

[0025] The moss layer can be arranged on the upper support surface directly or indirectly. At a suitable, for example porous, the carrier material can be arranged directly on the upper support surface moss layer. Preferably are between the upper support surface and the moss layer disposed a substrate layer and a nonwoven layer yet. The substrate layer is preferably arranged directly on the upper support surface, while the nonwoven layer is arranged directly on the substrate layer and below the moss layer. The nonwoven layer is preferably so designed, that the cell filaments (Rhizoide) project can find the mosses and stop there. It is also preferably, when the substrate layer has a large water holding capacity as possible. The substrate layer is preferably of an organic material (e.g. coconut), a mineral material (e.g. clay granules) or of a biogenic plastic manufactured, durable as possible, but is biocompatible.

[0026] It is preferably in the device according to the invention, in addition to the vascular plant not to moss. In the device according to the invention is therefore on the additional arrangement of vascular plants in the moss layer omitted.

[0027] The backing sheet releasably connected with the holding device are particularly preferably slightly, so that the carrier can be taken individually. For example this type of bayonet closure or the like can be provided. In this way individual carrier with the moss layer thereon can if necessary be removed easily and replaced.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is adapted to the holding device, the spacing distances between the backing sheet are adjustable relative to one another. This may be provided in a given grid size fasteners on the holding device, by means of which the support can be mounted on the holding device. In this way can also an adaptation, e.g. as regards the carrier number and

- distances, at the respective location or the respective situation of use be made. In course of installation can even after any adaptation.

[0029] The invention relates to a arrangement, the at least one, but preferably a plurality of devices according to the invention comprises, as described above. The arrangement according to the invention preferably comprises a plurality of devices, the module to an air cleaning system like, for example for road trains and/or loaded accommodations, can be combined. The invention arrangement permits the provision of air pollutant content than reduced ecosystem service.

[0030] The invention relates to the use of a further device according to the invention or a present invention for Immissionsreduktion, preferably for reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides and/or air particulates. A device or a device at an appropriate place to invention invention can, for example a road, either alone or fixed to a wall standing, a slope or the like, arranged willow, so that the surrounding air can flow on the moss layer located on carriers, optionally also conveyed by pressure - and sucking effects by the road. Such air pollutants can optimally from the moss and bonded layers are removed from the air.

[0031] The invention is hereinafter described in greater detail below on the basis of the purely for illustration purposes attached.

1 Simplified side view of a embodiment of a device according to the invention figfig..

2 Simplified side view another embodiment of a device according to the invention figfig..

3 Simplified spatial view of the embodiment shown 1 figfig. figfig. a device according to the invention.

4 Figfig. simplified section view an embodiment of a device according to the invention by a carrier.

5 Simplified front view and side view of a embodiment (alpha) figfig. a device according to the invention.

[0032] 1 Shows a simplified view of an embodiment of a lateral figfig. device according to the invention are shown in a vertical holding device 2 1st six vertically stacked surface area support 3, the sigmoid shaped in cross section and here are directed essentially horizontally. The flat support 3 are elongated and extend longitudinally in a plane perpendicular to the paper plane. On the upper support surface of the support is a moss layer 5 4 arranged, wherein between the moss layer 5 and the upper support surface into a nonwoven layer and substrate layer 9 was still not 4 8 (p. figfig. 4) are arranged. Here are the carrier 3 with its left front side oriented toward the harmful air source 10 or to the main flow direction (arrow p.) aligned air to be purified. The sigmoid shape in cross section by the carrier 3 are a kind of recess or trough 12 and 13 formed a survey, the front or rear of the carrier towards the 3 11 10 here are located. The rear portion of the carrier 3 is thus higher than the front part of the support located 3, whereby the deposition of air pollutants, in particular of fine dust, from the front side 11 of the carrier 10 from the rear on the moss layer 5 for air flowing is improved. On the front and rear walls 11 10 are raised, so that the carrier 3 generally are U-shaped in cross-section. Where the carrier 3 are spaced apart in the vertical direction, having a height H that a free gap 7 is formed, through which the air can flow freely. The device has a moistening device 14, for example perforated tubes comprises, on which the carrier 3 with its rear portion are mounted. The tubes are mounted on the holding device 2. The moistening device 14 thus also serves for mounting the carrier here at least partially 3rd humidity sensors for measuring the humidity in the moss layer 5 or 15 serve immediate vicinity thereof and are part of a control system for supply of water to the moss layer 5.

[0033] 2 Shows a simplified side view of another embodiment of a figfig. device according to the invention 1, wherein the carriers 3 are inclined in the vertical direction. For the embodiment shown here in cross section for this purpose are 3 carriers with the carrier 3 with respect to the horizontal sigmoid swung about its longitudinal axis tilted an angle EE, so that the front side of the carrier 10 are deeper than the rear faces of the carrier 3 11 3 clearly.

[0034] Shows a simplified spatial view 1 in 3 figfig. figfig. shown embodiment of the device according to the invention 1. The better about half is part of the front holding device 2 removed. Carrier 3 with a substantially square surface shown here. But it is preferably, if the carrier 3 in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in a direction parallel to the front and rear faces extend a greater surface area and providing longer - 10.11. The holding device 2 can be represented very schematically and simplified complex constructed for fastening the carrier 3 and slave devices also means for securing a moistening device 14 for the water supply of the moss layers comprise.

[0035] Figfig. shows a cross section through a carrier 3 4 in a preferred embodiment and an enlarged representation of an end portion. The carrier 3 consists of a plastic plate on the front and rear sides in cross-section with 10 - sigmoidal, 11 raised walls. On the upper support surface 4 here is a e.g. from coconut existing substrate layer 9 arranged. 9 Disposed on the substrate layer is a nonwoven layer in turn 8, the carrier 3 as the consists of a plastic material. The nonwoven layer 8 serves to better anchoring of the moss layer 3 in its rear part a downwardly facing the carrier 5th moss layer 5 on an underlying support for the humidifying device 3 facing 14 on. A moisture sensor 15, is attached to the dampening device 14, protruding through the carrier 3, the substrate layer and the nonwoven layer 9 8 through to the moss layer 15, to measure the humidity prevails there. The measured values are forwarded to a control lines or by radio by means not shown here, for example by means of a not shown also on the moss layer 5 can be effected irrigation pump.

[0036] 5 Shows a front view and (b) simplify figfig. a side view one embodiment of a present invention 100 (b is). The sigmoid shaped carrier 3 a first device according to the invention 1 (left) are here arranged substantially horizontally, so that the front and rear parts of the carrier 3 with the projections 13 10 are visible. A further device 1 to the right of the first device 1 is indicated. The side view shows only the holding device 2 figfig. 5b, since here a side wall is provided, the eyes on the carrier 3 concealed.