Power supply method for super computer

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to Technical Field the power supply of the computer, in particular to a power supply method suitable for super computer.

Background Art

Super-computer powerful data processing capabilities of the human Society understand and transforming nature of the activities of the help of unprecedented. However, people in an increasingly widely applied to the super computer, a super computer of the "benefit" to human beings in a large amount at the same time the consumption of valuable energy of human Society. Therefore, the urgent to hope that the unit not only can reduce the power consumption of super computer, International super-computer TOP   500 will also be the selection of the energy efficiency ratio (computer processing capacity and the ratio of power consumption) as a super computer one of the three major selection indicators.

At present, super-computer to use primary input energy is alternating current 220V/380V, its internal power supply to the data processing chip power supply voltage is 0.75V -5V direct current (one of the main power supply voltage in 0.9V -2.5V between), from the low-voltage direct current to alternating current 220V/380V the conversion process of the loss will usually be in more than one quarter of the electric energy.

In the power conversion process of the electric energy loss and the super computer is closely related to the power supply mode, power supply mode that is how the AC-electric conversion to a required data processing chip of the various low-voltage direct current. Whatever the power supply mode specific super computer need to be subject to restrictions on power supply requirements:

1, blade type structure of the current super computer is a common structure, that is, of the plurality of mutually parallel to plug and socket plate is connected with the back plate with their vertical cabinet, between the plug-in board is electrically connected with the back of the cabinet (which comprises a signal, a power supply and a ground wire). In order to improve the packaging density of the machine, often adjacent the center distance of the plug-in board is usually only 1U (about 44 mm).

2, because the super-computer data processing chip to stability and transient response of the power supply has higher requirements for capacity, the power supply needs to be as close as possible to the output port of the electric chip, from the power supply port in order to reduce a voltage drop between the chip, and to improve the power suddenly when the load current transient response capability at the time of the change. However on the other hand, for safety and to reduce electromagnetic interference and other considerations, but also not be alternating current 220V/380V direct access to the plug-in board and the back plate of the cabinet, so as to determine the supply needs of the super-computer through multi-stage power conversion to realize.

3, and other electronic equipment are different from the power supply requirements, the super computer is directly in the last stage of data processing power to the chip power supply generally does not adopt the isolated form (with transformer) regulated power supply, the power supply of this kind is not enough of the transient response capability. The regulated power supply does not allow non-isolated input voltage is too high, otherwise the PWM duty cycle will be very low, to cause the power conversion of the power conversion efficiency is low, and when the large electromagnetic interference. Currently, many high-grade CPU adopts the 12V input of the non-isolated power supply.

In the prior art, suitable for super-computer of the traditional power supply mode as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 7 is shown. Stage power supply 1 converts the commercial AC power 48V direct current, a direct current bus bar 2 the preceding stage power supply 1 to output the electric energy of the back of the cabinet of the computer 3 the upper, back of the cabinet 3 through the plug-in board power input socket 301 the electric energy is delivered to each plug-in board 7 ; the plug-in board 7 of the power supply stage 4 the 48V direct current into a 12V direct current, the final-stage DC bus 5 the 12V direct current to the various final power supply 6 ; is located in the vicinity of a data processing chip of a last-stage power supply 6 will be 12V voltage change into the chip power supply the necessary DC low voltage. Wherein, a power supply 1 is composed of a plurality of the pattern 2 of the structure shown in the ordinary AC/DC power supply 11 which are connected in parallel, each AC/DC power supply 11 inside the alternating current input interface 111, the rectifier bridge 112, boost and input power factor correction circuit 113 and step-down DC/DC conversion circuit 114. Front stage DC bus 2 is a group of (two) copper or copper cable. Cabinet back plate 3 as shown in Figure 7 the structure of the, front stage DC bus 2 conveying the   48V direct current through the connecting stage DC bus terminals 303 back into the cabinet 3, the back of the cabinet 3 to the conductive copper layer in each of the plug-in board power input socket 301. Intermediate power supply 4 adopts 48VDC input/12VDC DC/DC converter output the isolated form. Subsequent DC bus 5 is a plug-in board 7 conveying in 12V power supply energy of the printed line. Final stage power supply 6 is a non-isolated converter DC/DC. The above-mentioned traditional power supply mode is that the main shortcoming of the: power supply efficiency is relatively low, the final power from commercial AC power 6 transmission efficiency of the transformation of the input end of the and ≤ 86%.

For the purpose of saving energy, many scholars in this field are directed against the large-scale program-controlled switches and super-computer power supply by way of the high voltage DC power supply. Nippon telegraph and telephone Company in (NTT) 2008 1st established in the world of the high voltage DC power supply of a large data center, domestic and foreign in recent years a portion of the super-computer uses the high-voltage DC power supply mode. As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7 shows, the high-voltage DC power supply mode of the structure of the traditional power supply mode (two-stage DC bus and three-stage power conversion), but the original stage power supply 1, a DC bus 2, cabinet back plate 3 and intermediate power supply 4 to the changes. Compare Figure 2 and Figure 5, Figure 5 in the high voltage DC power supply of a preceding stage in the mode of the power supply 1, it only includes alternating current input interface 111, the rectifier bridge 112, boost and input power factor correction circuit 113, reduces the step-down DC/DC conversion circuit 114 (that is, step-down link), improves the stage power supply 1 conversion efficiency, and by the output voltage of 48V to 400 volt Because the front stage DC bus 2 from the working voltage of 48V to 400V, so it reduces the transmission current, reducing the transmission loss and making the copper material of the preceding stage of the DC bus. Cabinet back plate 3 remain Figure 7 form of the structure, but the plug-in board power input socket 301, is connected with the terminal of the preceding stage of a direct current bus bar 303, and the conductive copper layer in a printed circuit board are made adaptive 400V high-voltage direct current transmission changes. Intermediate power supply 4 into 400VDC input, 12VDC DC/DC converter output the isolated form.

The above-mentioned "high-voltage DC power supply mode" compared with the traditional power supply mode, has the following characteristics: from commercial AC power (1) to the final power supply input end of the transmission efficiency is the transformation of the ≤ 86% to 89% left and right (based on 2010 year commercial power supply efficiency of a product standards) ; (2) reducing the stage power supply 1 cost of manufacture ; (3) reduces the manufacturing stage DC bus 2 the copper material of the required.

However, because the high voltage direct current power supply method is still in power supply manner of a traditional two-stage direct current bus, the power supply of the three-stage power conversion architecture, therefore, an increase in the efficiency of the conversion of the power is not large.

If the preceding stage power supply 1 the alternating current is directly converted into a final power supply 6 to the 12V direct current, a power supply stage, not only can improve the power efficiency, but also can save a very considerable power requirements, but in so doing will be faced with the following problems:

1, a power supply 1 through the cabinet back plate 3 to the plug-in board 7 of the current is increased by 4 times (relative to 48V DC bus). The power density is very high super-computer, the process is very difficult to realize such a large current is passed through the cabinet back plate 3, back plate of the cabinet 3 in a of the copper layer may be caused by partial damage caused by excessively high current density.

2, a large current will be in the transmission loop (12V bus and ground wire) is formed on the voltage drop of the larger, in the system and the power supply potential difference caused by the potential difference between the ground wire, large earth potential difference of the system affects the stability of the system.

3, power supply link will not have the appropriate backup battery pack 8 access point. From the 12V direct current bus access storage battery is not appropriate, because the storage battery in the sufficient electric quantity and the electricity quantity is insufficient, the light load and heavy load and under different conditions, such as the end voltage difference is very large, will affect the final-stage power supply 6 the stable work; in addition, 12V is the current is very large, is also not easy to access the battery. In this case, when the super-computer when the uninterruptible power supply, the power supply needs to be 1 at the level of the front end of power supply UPS increase, on the contrary, the power supply efficiency is reduced.

Content of the invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem is that: in response to the technical problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a simple and compact structure, power supply device the volume is smaller, the cost is low, the power supply efficiency can be greatly improved, the reliability is good for super-computer power supply method, that is, the invention aims at reducing super-computer power supply of the electric energy loss in the conversion process, the efficiency of power conversion is improved.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

For super computer power supply method, first of all the commercial AC power supply by the preliminary stage changing into 12V direct current, then the back of the cabinet and the back-stage DC bus is sent to the final power supply, mounted on the data processing chip in the vicinity of the final-stage power supply 12V voltage change into the chip power supply the necessary direct current low voltage; backup storage battery power supply by the preliminary stage of the DC input interface access.

As the further improvement of this invention:

Preceding-stage of the power supply the power supply output socket is directly mounted in the cabinet on the back board.

The preceding-stage power supply through a multi point connect the cabinet and back plate, the back panel of the cabinet and utilize the power and ground wire layer to realize the multi-station the output of the preceding stage power supply redundancy N+X and in parallel.

The preceding-stage power output socket back of the cabinet on the layout is guided by the following method: the principle of load balance (1); the plug-in board power input socket as the load of the power supply is the preceding stage, each preceding stage to the power distribution of the load of the same power consumption, in other words each preceding stage power supply is only allocated to it a power input socket plug-in board of the power supply ; (2) the principle of recent distance; in the space on the premise of the distribution allows, the power output socket disposed on the preceding stage with its feed object distance on the most recent position; the principle is equal to the distance from the (3); each of the plug-in board power input socket to its power supply is equal to the distance from the of the object.

The preceding-stage power supply including alternating current input interface, the rectifier bridge, the direct current input interface, the input source selection switch and a booster connected in turn with the input power factor correction circuit, step-down DC/DC conversion circuit, the alternating current input interface is connected to the rectifier bridge and form alternating current input circuit, the alternating current input circuit and direct current input interface of the input circuits are connected in parallel by the direct current input source selection switch for selecting the step-up after the switching of the input power factor correction circuit.

Compared with the prior art, the advantage of this invention lies in:

1, the invention is used for super-computer power supply method, greatly improve the power supply efficiency of the super-computer, from commercial AC power conversion of the final power supply input end of the transmission efficiency is about 91.5%, and the corresponding efficiency of the traditional power supply mode ≤ 86%, of the high voltage DC power supply of the corresponding efficiency is about 89%.

2, the invention is used for super-computer power supply method, reduce the cost of the power supply; the power supply mode saves the front stage DC bus and transtage power supply, thereby saving the power source equipment requirements, greatly reducing the cost.

3, the invention is used for super-computer power supply method, the plug-in board is reduced; the adoption of the invention power supply mode, does not need to be placed on the plug-in board is used in a busbar of a voltage-converting intermediate power supply, can shrink area of the plug-in board 15% left and right.

4, the invention is used for super-computer power supply method, greatly improve the power reliability of the system. In the invention, the super-computer of the existing power supply mode of the three-stage power conversion to two-level (still retain backup battery interface), to reduce the probability of a power failure has occurred.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is the traditional super computer in the prior art power supply mode of the principle of the framework of the schematic diagram.

Figure 2 the traditional power supply mode is in principle the framework of the preceding stage power supply as a schematic diagram.

Figure 3 is the traditional power supply mode after a schematic diagram of power conversion efficiency.

Figure 4 is a high-voltage DC power supply mode of the prior art the principle of the framework of the schematic diagram.

Figure 5 is a high voltage DC power supply of a preceding stage in principle schematic diagram of the framework of the power supply.

Figure 6 is the high voltage direct current power supply is a schematic diagram of power conversion efficiency.

Figure 7 is a conventional high-voltage DC power supply mode and in power supply manner of a schematic diagram of the structure of the back plate of the cabinet.

Figure 8 is a power supply mode of the present invention the principle of the framework of the schematic diagram.

Figure 9 is in the present invention the principle of the framework of the preceding stage in the schematic diagram of the power supply.

Figure 10 is the invention in schematic diagram the structure of the back plate of the cabinet.

Figure 11 is the power supply mode of the present invention after a schematic diagram of power conversion efficiency.

Key note:

1, stage power supply; 111, alternating current input interface; 112, rectifier bridge; 113, boost and input power factor correction circuit; 114, step-down DC/DC conversion circuit;   115, the direct current input interface; 116, an input source selection switch; 2, front stage DC bus; 3, cabinet back plate; 301, plug-in board power input socket; 302, a power output socket; 303, the preceding stage is connected with the terminal of a direct current bus bar; 4, intermediate power supply; 5, the rear stage DC bus; 6, a final-stage power supply; 7, plug-in board; 8, backup battery pack   11, common AC/DC power supply.

Mode of execution

The Figures and the description of the following specific embodiment further detailed description of this invention.

As shown in Figure 8, the invention is used for super-computer power supply method, first of all the commercial AC power supply by the preliminary stage 1 changed to 12V direct current, then the back of the cabinet 3 and the back-stage DC bus 5 is sent to the final power supply 6, mounted on the data processing chip in the vicinity of the final power supply 6 will be 12V voltage change into the chip power supply the necessary direct current low voltage; backup battery 8 by the stage power supply 1 of the DC input interface access. As shown in Figure 11, the after the power-supply mode of the invention, to the final power from commercial AC power 6 the transformation of the input end of the transmission efficiency is about 91.5%.

Wherein, the rear stage DC bus 5 is a plug-in board 7 conveying in 12V power supply energy a printed line, the final stage power supply 6 can adopt a non-isolated converter DC/DC. Stage power supply 1 to the output voltage of the 12VDC, in other words direct the AC electrical conversion into a final power supply 6 the required input voltage, the power supply and the intermediate-stage DC bus. See Figure 10, a power supply 1 and the cabinet back plate 3 is connected through a cable or bus bar, but the preceding stage power output socket 302 is directly installed in the cabinet back plate 3 is, thereby maximally reduces the preceding stage power supply 1 to the cabinet back plate 3 of the power transmission loss between. Multiple stage power supply 1 is not carried out in the power supply cabinet or the power supply box are connected in parallel, but utilize the back of the cabinet 3 the copper layer in the preceding stage power supply 1 and the output of the redundant N+X connected in parallel.

As shown in Figure 9, a power supply 1 of the AC/DC double-input (automatic switching) power supply, which comprises alternating current input interface 111, the rectifier bridge 112, boost and input power factor correction circuit 113, step-down DC/DC conversion circuit 114, the input interface of the direct current input source selection switch 115 and 116. In this embodiment, an input source selection switch 116 adopts a relay, when the alternating current input power supply requirements exist and meet, relay by an alternating current input interface 111 AC input source is switched on; when the alternating current input does not exist or can not meet the power requirements, the input interface through the direct current relay 115 are connected to the direct input source. In AC, DC input source switching process will be in about 10 milliseconds of electric energy supply interruption time, on internal capacitor to store the electric energy of the power supply is normally output stage can be maintained. Through the power supply 1 to increase the direct current input interface 115, thereby solving the problem that the level of the DC bus to access backup battery power supply framework 8 issues, so that the power supply system in the function of uninterrupted power supply (UPS) at the same time has a relatively high conversion efficiency.

Korsh as shown in Figure 10 the specific embodiment, the back plate of the cabinet 3 in each plug-in board 7 of the plug-in board power input socket 301 is two, models and specifications have also changed; this is because the transmission voltage from 48V down to 12V, the transmission electric current to increase to response measures taken. At the same time, stage power supply 1 the provision of electric energy will no longer be introduced into the cabinet through a back plate 3, and by reasonable distribution of a plurality of preceding stage power output socket 302 back into the cabinet 3.

In other words, a power supply 1 through a multi point connect the cabinet and back plate 3, and the back of the cabinet 3 in the power and ground wire layer to realize the multi-station preceding stage power supply 1 and the output of the redundant N+X connected in parallel. Stage power supply output socket 302 in the cabinet back plate 3 on the layout is designed according to the following principles:

(1) principle of load balancing;

The plug-in board power input socket 301 as a preceding stage power supply 1 of the load, as each preceding stage power supply 1 is the same as the distribution power consumption the load of the same or, as far as possible (assuming that each stage power supply 1 is only assigned to the plug-in board power input socket 301 power supply).

(2) the principle of the distance;

In the space on the premise of the distribution allows, the various stage power output socket 302 placed in and its feed object (plug-in board power input socket 301) on the position of the nearest distance.

(3) principle is equal to the distance from the

Each plug-in board power input socket 301 to its power supply object (stage power output socket 302) is equal to or substantially equal to the distance between the.

The design according to the above-mentioned three principles of the preceding stage power output socket 302 layout as shown in Figure 10. Stage power supply 1 through the reasonable layout of the multi-point connect the cabinet and back plate 3, a preceding-stage power supply 1 through the cabinet back plate 3 to the plug-in board 7 power supply current, so as to solve the problem that a large current is passed through the cabinet back plate 3 the difficult technical problems, the same time, it also solves the problem of potential difference of the system (each transmission branch is almost the same as the voltage drop of).

For example, in one specific application examples (in a super computer system), each cabinet back plate 3 is connected with the 18 block plug-in board 7 (the total power consumption of about 14KW), the 12V direct current bus bar at the level of the power supply mode, a power supply 1 through the cabinet back plate 3 to the plug-in board 7 to provide the total current about 1167A. The use of 8 table of the maximum output power is a 2500W of the preceding stage power supply 1 to 6 + 2 redundant power supply, a power supply output socket 302 (AMP6450551-4) installed in the cabinet back plate 3 on, and in accordance with the aforesaid "load balancing", "recent distance", "is equal to the distance from the" layout of three principle, to 36 a plug-in board power input socket 301 (  TCS1018 Amphenol) power supply. Cabinet back plate 3 to the external dimensions of the 656 mm (wide) × 412 mm (high), is 24 layer printed circuit board, there are 9 layer is intact grounding level (copper layer thickness 0.5 ounce), 2 layer is intact 12V power supply layer (copper layer thickness 1 ounce), 11 layer is a signal wire layer (copper layer thickness 0.5 ounce), 2 layer is a surface component installs the layer (copper layer thickness 1.5 ounce). Some of the signal wire for a 12V power supply current transmission; in which a surface layer is used as a part of ground wire electric current transmission. Plug-in board 7 adopts a double-sided in the form of the plug, that is, in the cabinet back plate 3 is a surface of each of the 9 blocks plug-in board 7.

Through a measured result shows that: power supply by the preliminary stage 1 to the final power supply of the output port of the 6 input port of the maximum voltage drop (comprising a 12V power supply and the ground wire on the printed board copper level and socket, the voltage drop on) to 60mV, i.e. 12V loss of the power transmission on the DC bus ≤ 0.5% ; the plug-in board 7 ≤ 7mV earth potential difference between the, including 8 table stage power supply 1 a in arbitrary 1 table invalid bad situation.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the invention, the scope of protection of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiment, where the invention belongs to the technical scheme are under the scope of protection of this invention. It should be noted that, for the ordinary Technical Field technical personnel, without departing from the principle of the present invention under the prerequisite of a number of improvements and retouches, should be regarded as the scope of protection of this invention.