Apparatus of reaction for the treatment of fluids at high temperature.

AS AFRICAN AND MALAGASY

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

P. 887

Yaounde (Cameroon) Patent International Patent Classification: 02 № 00538 F.

O&. I-.

THE V *

18 November 1964 requested to 17, 11 30 min to the O I-m P. A.

(P no. 50,625 V) by Through universal strategy Agri Company analysis, residing in the United States of America.

Delivered 15 July 1966, published at Official ballot n° 6/7 of 1966. Priority: Patent application filed in the United States of America under the trade name of Walter W. no. 42,177 11 July 1960 volugraph and Raymond E MENGER.

The present invention relates to a reactor of -

igned to treating a stream of high-temperature fluid

and cool the same. More precisely the invention

feedback apparatus improved jacketed,

for processing and cooling a product stream

high temperature within the apparatus in rédui -

heterozygous at minimum thermal effects on the walls

the reactor.

The known types of reaction chambers or in cases -

with widely in which an effluent product stream or

is cooled typically have an introduction

direct the cooling fluid into the nozzle

outlet or in a flow conduit downstream of the

chamber itself, in particular when the chamber is

adapted to retain a catalyst layer or at -

very materials in the divided state. However, when - mth

diaper a refrigerant fluid, relatively cool, with a

product stream at high temperature, which can attein -

as DRE about 425 °c or more, to the taps on the crossing

with serious problems to solve the questions

heat shock or expansion of the metal.

The main aim is to provide a

reactor provided for use at high temperature, a fast -

blocking a person operating the stresses from

on the metal walls of the reactor and in the pipe -

teries accessories of the reactor by introducing a neck -

curing the cooling zone cools -

coolant of a special design which is located within

the chamber itself, and disposing in the apparatus

a shirt or special internal insulation.

Accordingly, the invention relates to a reactor

for treating a fluid stream to still con -

high stacking sheets in the presence of solid particles and ative -

bafflement devices for cooling said forward current

its discharge, the reactor comprising a shell

limited having an upper inlet and a fluid

lower outlet fluid, an insulating packing adja -

woods to the inner wall of said shell, a - atory

telling a perforated bottom mounted within the section

a lower housing above the outlet

fluid, a second perforated member disposed above and at a distance from the first perforated element, a member for dispensing the cooling fluid, and to empty the perforated elements disposed between a fluid supply line connected to said cooling fluid distributor member, whereby the cooling fluid can be mixed with the fluid flow to said fluid outlet.

In a construction and a preferred arrangement of the improved reactor of the invention, the perforated members are constituted by screens of conical or frustoconical shape mounted above the fluid outlet and a cooling fluid distributor ring is disposed between the two screens and configured to distribute the cooling fluid circonfêrentiellement, downwardly, and had a uniform rate, over the entire periphery of the bottom screen, such that when the product stream passes through the screen in order to move towards the fluid outlet, it is mixed with the cooling fluid, cooling it, and the two mixed fluids flow to the fluid outlet.

The improved reactor of the present invention is advantageous in operations high temperature hydrocarbon conversion is carried out in the presence of a catalyst in the divided state or otherwise contact held within a contact area, when the conversion product stream is subjected to cooling by mixing with a stream of liquid cooler after contact within the reaction chamber itself. The improved reactor is of particular advantage for the conversion operations carried out in the presence of hydrogen. These conversions pose special because the carbon steel is permeable to hydrogen at high temperatures, for example above about 425 °c, resulting in severe damage to the equipment and therefore for security risks. The reactor of the invention can be used in operations of conversion of hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures such as hydrocracking, hydrogenation, the hydrodesalcoylation and the like wherein it is necessary to maintain an atmosphere of hydrogen under high pressure and high temperature.

The construction and arrangement of the reactor lined and insulated within a cooling section, will be better described with reference to the attached drawing which is a schematic view in elevation and cross-section of an embodiment of the reactor of the invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope thereof.

On this drawing, an outer shell I bears a top nozzle 2, flanged, providing an inlet passage 3, and a lower nozzle 4, providing a passageway for the fluid outlet 5. At a certain distance from the inner wall of the shell I is a metallic liner element which, in the embodiment shown, is supported by a bottom member 7 of the metallic liner, the latter being connected to a liner element 8 which lines the fluid outlet 5 of the nozzle 4. In the upper inner portion of the envelope I is a metallic sleeve member 9 which is supported from the flange of the nozzle 2 providing the inlet passage 3. Attached to the lower end of the sleeve member 9 is disposed a downwardly flared section 10 which joins the upper end of the sleeve member 6 and slides on this end by providing a slip joint in fact which permits expansion of the liner.

In the space between the sleeve element and the inner wall of the shell I-, placing an insulating packing II is suitable, type high-temperature refractory, lining which protects the wall of the envelope against high temperature conversion. The insulator II can be for example a cement type insulation applied to anchoring devices suitable which may be welded or otherwise secured to the bottom wall of the envelope I of course the invention is not limited to any type of insulating or refractory cement.

For example, can be used in the high-temperature reactor combinations of insulating materials to low-density and high-density refractory cements applied on the raw materials. Further, in certain conversion operations and in alternative embodiments of the inventive reactor, can be omitted from the jacket elements inner metal, especially when using a refractory lining material to hard surface.

Extending above the passage 5 of the nozzle 4 is a frusto-conical screen or perforated member 12. In the embodiment shown, a short section 13 funnel shaped, attached to the lower circumference of the perforated element 12 rests on the lower central portion of the sleeve member 7 to hold the member 12 in proper position alignment. At a distance from the perforated member 12 and above the piercer is a frusto-conical perforated section 14 which serves to uniformly distribute the flow of fluid to be cooled which flows to the outlet zone of the reactor. The hole part 14, in this embodiment, is also used to support the solid divided and prevent its passage in the cooling zone of the chamber. The embodiment represents a lower section packed with particles constituting a bed of high temperature resistant materials such as ceramic beads 15 or the like, surrounding the hole part 14 and, above the layer of ceramic ball 15, a layer of solid catalyst particles to the finely divided, for in particular the conversion is carried out in the reactor.

A distribution ring of the fluid cooler 17 surrounds the upper portion of the perforated element 12; it carries a plurality of spaced orifices 18 on its lower periphery to spread a cooling fluid, downward, over the entire surface of the element 12. A supply line 19 of cooler fluid passing through a nozzle 20 which is attached to the case I and exceeds its bottom, sends the fluid cooler to the ring 17. A flange 21, 19 fixed to the pipe to support the pipe by the flange 22 on the nozzle 20, thereby also support the ring distributor 17.

In operation, the fluid stream to elevated temperature or vaporous product resulting from contact with the layers 16 and 15, passes in uniform flow through the perforated member 14 and then goes through the perforated member 12 toward the exhaust port 5. A cooling stream, significantly low temperature, introduced via pipe 19 and distributed by the ring 17, then flows downward on the outer surface of the conical perforated element 12 on which it mixes with vapors of the conversion product stream. The latter, in passing through the film cooling stream flowing, cause the vaporization and atomization of this current through the perforated wall of the element 12 and within this element and current is discharged to the vapor state.

In the embodiment shown, the parts 12 and 14 are of perforated conical or frustoconical shape;

however be both use other forms. The bent pieces or splayed are generally preferable because they are relatively strong and rigid and capable of withstanding pressure of contents that are overcome and the fluid pressure of the stream resulting from this product. It has also indicated that the inner member and smaller 12 was fabricated of metal mesh or screen, but it may be made of perforated metal as long as the pressure drop is limited and that the design of the room the rapid flow and a rapid movement of the cooling flow to the inside of the room with the product stream which is to be cooled. Conversely, the hole part 14, outer and larger, can be formed from mesh or similar material is reinforced if sufficiently so that the workpiece supports the liner and the catalyst located above. In general alloys are used for the jacket elements and inner perforated for the workpieces, for