“Pyrotechnical dynamic Penetrometer”.

The present invention relates to a pattern recognition system to floors and measuring their characteristics. The two main recognition systems existing soils are recognition by pressiometry and recognition by penetrometry particularly the INSTRON dynamic. The principle of the INSTRON dynamic is determining the kinetic energy required to depress a probe of a certain height, the kinetic energy is generally created by the fall graded from a given mass.

The soundings from this system very time consuming and in our era of high labor cost, they are expensive.

Furthermore, many of these systems do not incorporate an automatic meter reading written soil features, this which would provide a higher are recognitions performed.

The system dynamic INSTRON pyrotechnic object of the innovation can meet, in particular to those requests major: timeliness, reduced costs and credibility of the measurement.

The system of the present patent determines characteristics of the ground by the depression detected and measured continuously, a rod probe reference in the ground. This depression is accomplished through the use of the pressure created by a generator ga2 pyrotechnic.

The originality of the design of the system, of the present patent, the outcome from its description, of justification techniques used and its flowchart.

Important features of the proposed system are the following:

- Used the pressure created by a pyrotechnic gas generator in an ejection tube for driving a rod probe reference in the ground.

- Is continuously detects the displacement of the rod in the ejection tube, in particular by passing a magnet linked confectioneries solenoids in the rod located along the ejection tube.

Calculated continuously, using a pre-programmed electronic circuit for the resultant accelerometric this movement which is the resultant acceleration created by the gas pressure on the rod and acceleration created by the resistance of the floor on the same shaft.

- Is used in the case of a lightweight and portable system, balancing amounts of vertical movements by a recoiling mass having a portion used preferably gas expansion chamber and guide the standard rod.

The description which will follow is illustrative and non-limiting, this should be read in conjunction with of attached drawings:

Figure 1 -: represents the simplest form of the inventive system.

Figure 2 -: represents a system especially adapted to surveys of small depth.

Figures 3 and 4 -: represent a system especially adapted to surveys of greater depth. The database system is shown schematically in Figure 1.

The stem (1) probe reference is fastened to a piston (2) wherein a magnet is positioned (3).

The recoiling mass (4) balance the momentum which will be transmitted to the standard rod (1) and (2) to its piston.

It is equipped with a gas generator (5). The absorption of the recoil energy is provided by gravity.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, other means may be used to balance the forces of recoil, such as energy absorbers, mass of the carrier or the system.

The shaft assembly, piston and recoiling mass, generator is placed in a tube (7) recoil made magnetic materials. The tube (7) is provided with recoil solenoids (6) preferably placed concentric to the launch tube.

The solenoids (6) are connected to the electronic and information processing computer (9).

After ignition, the gas generator discharges into the expansion chamber (8) between the piston (2) and (4) its recoiling mass, the resulting pressure, uses the standard rod speed (1). As it is ejected from the rod, the passage of the magnet (3) in the various solenoids (6) generates electrical signals which are calculated intervals of occurrence.

This allows calculation of the velocity and acceleration of the standard rod.

The law of pressure P (T-) delivered by a gas generator given in the expansion chamber is known: is precisely as a result of measurement, either with a good approximation (2 to 3%) due to the reproducibility of the performance of the gas generator used.

The force of deceleration due to soil resistance to the insertion of the rod thus etalon is known:

The R (T-)=(T-)=m to Richard A. gms (T-)

The calculation is performed with either a logic circuit adapted to, or with an existing pre-programmed calculator.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, it will be possible to use other systems for detecting the passage of this type, such as mechanical contactors or photocells.

Similarly, without departing from the scope of the invention, can be relocated the passage detectors and a portion of the information processing circuit by an accelerometer.

Depending on the type of measurement to be performed, the standard rod may or may not be equipped with a protruding tip (10).

The object of the present invention in its portable version and operative for sounding depths is shown schematically in Figure 2.

The stem (1) probe reference is fixed by a piston (2) wherein a magnet is positioned.

The recoiling mass (4) balance the amount of movements which will be transmitted to the standard rod and its plunger. Said ring is preferably made of a tube made of magnetic materials for example cylindrical tube closed at its upper end, the recoiling mass is used as the ejection tube.

Before the depression, the standard rod equipped with the plunger is maintained in the recoiling mass preferably by means of a clip (15) but deformable without exiting from the present invention, can be substituted for another fastening system as ball spring, leaf spring...

The recoiling mass (4) slides in a tube (7) in recoil magnetic materials preferably composite fiberglass confectioneries thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix.

At its contact with the ground, the guide tube is preferably provided with a heel support (17) equipped with a damper (16) fall of the recoiling mass.

The solenoids (6) for detecting the passage of the magnet are located preferably around the guide tube and connected to the housing (9) processing electronics.

The system can be self-contained and simply be equipped with a tripod (22) collapsible and adjustable.

This tripod can preferably be constituted of a connecting ring (18) of the three legs (19) of adjustable length e.g. by a lockable slide (20) and supported on the ground using the pad (22) which can be set optionally holey for the ground system.

The recoiling mass is preferably surmounted by the support of the cylinder head (17) of the gas generator and its security system (13) initiation.

The initiation of the gas generator is preferably impact but without departing from the scope of the invention, may be used provided an initiation by electrical or laser beam.

The body of the gas generator is preferably in thermoplastic materials, thermosetting, elastomeric, cardboard or composite and its structure is preferably adapted to open at low pressure out of its housing of use and for safety reasons in the event of accidental ignition or fire.

To facilitate loading and provide safety, the gas generator (5) is preferably placed in a housing (12) movable in a cylinder head (11).

The introduction of this bolt (.11) (14) in its holder disposed to allow the gas generator in operating position facing the inlet channel to the expansion chamber (8) and arm the security system (13) initiation.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, may be adapted of another construction of the function "plunger-ejection".

Figure 3 presents a variant tailored to that probing deep carried out using a single standard rod or more pins joined as execution of the survey.

The slider function expulsion and the function of the standard rod guide are not secured by a piston but on the one hand by the closed end of the hollow standard rod (1) supporting the tip (10) protruding or non-protruding, and secondly by an axial tube along which slides the standard rod.

The stem (1) probe reference is provided with a heel (25) which can limit its depth in the ground, if excess energy relative to the energy absorbed by the depression in the ground.

The magnets (3) are located in the heel (25). In this case, the solenoids are not concentric to the tube but located along the tube and magnets in a plane perpendicular to the movement of the rod.

The rod probe reference slides around a guide tube (27) which is bonded, preferably by means of a mandrel (26), to the recoiling mass (4), it also causes recoil guide tube, and is provided with the expansion chamber (8) and of the cylinder head of the gas generator (5). Without departing from the scope of the invention, the drill pipe (1) can be inside the guide tube (27).

The tube (7) recoil has a bore (29) in its upper part.

The expansion chamber includes one or more apertures (28) with or flap or shear diaphragm.

Indeed, in the case of blocking of the probe reference in the ground, it takes gas from the expansion chamber for limiting the up of the recoiling mass.

The preferred approach in this discharge preferentially to 6 C. 5 98 ϋ using this bore (29) and (28) of these ports. They are positioned so that they do little degrade the performance of the gas generator.

The tube (7) and return the tubular portion of the recoiling mass has an opening (30) (fig. 4) to permit loading of the standard rod (1) with its guide tube (27). This opening is closed during operation by either a gate (30) by either rotating the recoiling mass in the guide tube.

In the case of the presence of a gate, loading the probe rod of a locking system (31) which, for safety reasons is bound preferentially to the security device firing (15).

In the case of partly forcing or difficult the standard rod, it is readily possible, either remove it, either complete indentation thereof using a second gas generator.

To remove the stem (1) probe reference, it suffices to open the mandrel (26); the guide tube (27) drops to the bottom of the standard rod, may then disengage the system and then extract the rod probe, optionally, using a pin puller (25) on the heel.

May also be added in a second probe rod lengthens to deepen the borehole by linking it to the place of the heel after removal of the guide tube.