Method and Apparatus for Assay of Electrochemical Properties

The presence of a select analyte such as glucose in the sample is evaluated in an electrochemical system using a conduction cell-type apparatus. A potential or current is generated between the two electrodes of the cell sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes after the gradient is established, the applied potential or current is discontinued and an analyte-independent signal is obtained from the relaxation of the chemical potential gradient. The analyte-independent signal is used to correct the analyte-dependent signal obtained during application of the potential or current. 122-. (canceled)23. In a method for electrochemical determination of an analyte in a sample disposed in a conduction cell the improvement comprising the step of applying a correction based on an analyte-independent measurement on the sample to an analyte-dependent measurement to produce a corrected determination of analyte , wherein the analyte-independent measurement is obtained by observation of potential difference between electrodes of the conduction cell at one or more times after an external potential has first applied to and then removed from conduction cell.24. The improvement of claim 23 , wherein the analyte-independent measurement is the time from the removal of the applied potential for the measured potential to reach a predetermined value.25. The improvement of claim 23 , wherein the analyte-independent measurement is the potential at a predetermined time after the removal of the applied potential.26. The improvement of claim 23 , wherein the analyte-independent measurement is a measure of the rate of decay of the potential after the removal of the applied potential.27. The improvement of claim 26 , wherein the measure of the rate of decay is the slope of a plot of potential versus time during a pre- ...

POPPET VALVE ASSEMBLY FOR CONTROLLING A PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR

A poppet valve assembly to control a pneumatic actuator may include a housing having a central bore. A first module may be disposed within the central bore, and the first module may have a first and second poppet valve. A second module may also be disposed within the central bore, and the second module may have a third and fourth poppet valve. A supply of pressurized fluid may be in fluid communication with a plurality of control valves such that pressurized fluid from the control valves opens and closes the poppet valves. The supply of pressurized fluid may also be in fluid communication with the first module and the second module such that the opening and closing of the poppet valves controls the position of the pneumatic actuator. 1. A poppet valve assembly comprising:a valve housing having a central bore;a first module disposed within the central bore, the first module comprising a first normally closed poppet valve and a second normally closed poppet valve, wherein each of the first and second normally closed poppet valves has an open position and a closed position;a central port formed in the first module, wherein the central port of the first module is adapted to be coupled to a first volume of a pneumatic cylinder;an exhaust port formed in the first module such that the central port is in fluid communication with the exhaust port when the first poppet valve is in the open position; anda supply port formed in the first module such that the central port is in fluid communication with the supply port when second poppet valve is in the open position,wherein the supply port is configured to be in fluid communication with a supply of pressurized fluid such that when the second poppet valve is in the open position, pressurized fluid is provided to the first volume of the pneumatic cylinder, andwherein the exhaust port is configured to vent pressurized fluid from the first volume of the pneumatic cylinder when the first poppet valve is in the open position.2. The ...

Electrochemical Cell and Method of Making an Electrochemical Cell

Electrochemical test cells are made with precision and accuracy by adhering an electrically resistive sheet having a bound opening to a first electrically conductive sheet. A notching opening is then punched through the electrically resistive sheet and the first electrically conductive sheet. The notching opening intersects the first bound opening in the electrically resistive sheet, and transforms the first bound opening into a notch in the electrically resistive sheet. A second electrically conductive sheet is punched to have a notching opening corresponding to that of first electrically conductive sheet, and this is adhered to the other side of the electrically resistive sheet such that the notching openings are aligned. This structure is cleaved from surrounding material to form an electrochemical cell that has a sample space for receiving a sample defined by the first and second conductive sheets and the notch in the electrically resistive sheet. 127.-. (canceled)28. An electrochemical device having a sample-receiving end and a connector end , the device comprising , in sequence:(a) a first substrate, having a layer of conductive material applied to a first surface thereof;(b) an electrically-resistive middle layer; and(c) a second substrate, having a layer of conductive material applied to a first surface thereof; wherein,the first surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate are adhered to the electrically resistive middle layer,the device has a first sample space, said first sample space passing through the electrically resistive middle layer and being bounded on opposing sides by a portion of the conductive material of the first substrate forming an unpatterned first electrode and a portion of the conductive material of the second substrate forming an unpatterned second electrode,the connector end comprises first and second connectors, said first connector comprising two separate contact areas on the conductive material of ...

VALVE SIGNATURE DIAGNOSIS AND LEAK TEST DEVICE

A valve signature diagnosis and leak testing device includes a spool valve operatively connected to a pilot valve, the pilot valve being configured to position the spool valve to one of an open position and a closed position. A blocker valve is fluidly connected to a control fluid outlet of the spool valve. An electrical module is operatively connected to the pilot valve, a supply of control fluid, and the blocker valve, the electrical module being capable of sending pulsed electrical signals to the pilot valve and the blocker valve to selectively position the spool valve and the blocker valve to an open or closed position. 1. A valve signature diagnosis and leak testing device for a control valve , the valve signature diagnosis and leak testing device comprising:a spool valve operatively connected to a pilot valve, the pilot valve being configured to position the spool valve to one of an open position and a closed position, the spool valve including a first control fluid inlet, a first control fluid outlet, and a second control fluid outlet, the first control fluid inlet being fluidly connected to a supply of control fluid and the first control fluid outlet being configured to be connected to a valve actuator;a blocker valve fluidly connected to the second control fluid outlet; andan electrical module operatively connected to the pilot valve, the supply of control fluid, and the blocker valve, the electrical module being capable of sending pulsed electrical signals to the pilot valve and the blocker valve to selectively position the spool valve and the blocker valve to an open or a closed position,wherein the open position of the spool valve fluidly connects the first control fluid inlet to the first control fluid outlet and the closed position of the spool valve fluidly connects the first control fluid outlet to the second control fluid outlet.2. The valve signature diagnosis and leak testing device of claim 1 , wherein the electrical module includes a main ...

WIRELESS MONITORING AND CONTROL OF SAFETY STATIONS IN A PROCESS PLANT

A safety station for use in a process plant includes one or more leverless limit switches to detect activation of one or more parts of the safety station. The safety station further includes a wireless transmitter coupled to the leverless limit switches to transmit signals associated with the safety station to a base station device, which is communicatively coupled to one or more control and/or monitoring devices. 1. A safety station for use in a process plant , the safety station comprising:one or more leverless limit switches to detect activation of one or more parts of the safety station; anda wireless transmitter coupled to the leverless limit switches to transmit signals associated with the safety station to a base station device, wherein the base station device is communicatively coupled to one or more control and/or monitoring modules.2. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein the leverless limit switch is a GO® switch manufactured by the TopWorx corporation.3. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein the leverless limit switch remains latched until physically reset.4702. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein the wireless transmitter is the Rosemount dual input transmitter manufactured by the Emerson corporation.5. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein the wireless transmitter is an intrinsically safe wireless transmitter.6. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein the safety station is a safety shower and/or an eye wash station.7. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more control and/or monitoring stations is a remote touch screen panel.8. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more control and/or monitoring stations is a paperless recorder.9. The safety station of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more control and/or monitoring stations is a workstation.10. A safety station monitoring and control system in a process plant claim 1 , the system comprising:one or more safety stations ...

Reagents for Electrochemical Test Strips

A dry reagent composition that includes an active redox enzyme that oxidizes an analyte as a specific substrate to produce an inactive reduced form of the enzyme; and a salt of ferricyanide provides improved performance in electrochemical test strips such as those used for detection of glucose. The salt of ferricyanide consists of ferricyanide and positively-charged counter ions, and the positively charged counter ions are selected such that the salt of ferricyanide is soluble in water, and such that the salt of ferricyanide or the crystalline phase of the salt of ferricyanide has a solubility in water and/or a lower Eat a concentration of 100 mM than potassium ferricyanide. For example, the salt of ferricyanide may be tetramethylammonium ferricyanide. 1. A dry reagent composition comprising:(a) an active redox enzyme that oxidizes an analyte as a specific substrate to produce an inactive reduced form of the enzyme; and{'sup': '0', 'sub': 'eff', '(b) a salt of ferricyanide, wherein the salt of ferricyanide consists of ferricyanide and positively-charged counter ions, said positively charged counter ions being selected such that the salt of ferricyanide is soluble in water, and such that the salt of ferricyanide or the crystalline phase of the salt of ferricyanide has a solubility in water and/or a lower Eat a concentration of 100 mM than potassium ferricyanide.'}2. The dry reagent of claim 1 , wherein the salt of ferricyanide includes alkylammonium ions as positively-charged counter ions.3. The dry reagent of claim 2 , wherein the salt of ferricyanide includes tetramethylammonium ions as positively-charged counter ions.4. The dry reagent of claim 3 , wherein the positively charged counter ions in the salt of ferricyanide are all tetramethylammonium ions.5. The dry reagent of claim 4 , wherein the reagent further comprises an electron transfer mediator that is not a salt of ferricyanide claim 4 , said electron transfer mediator having an electrochemical potential in ...

SWITCH MODULE

A switch module used for position sensing may be operated in a number of modes for compatibility with a number of legacy position sensing products. A dry switch circuit can be configured to provide a direct output, emulating dry reed, high-side or low-side switched configurations. Alternatively, the dry switch circuit can be connected to an input of a NAMUR circuit to provide the known current output for that standard. In another configuration the dry switch can be selectively coupled to one of two NAMUR circuits allowing the switch module to provide a low-to-high current NAMUR output or a high-to-low current NAMUR output. 1. A switch module arranged and adapted to report a position of a moveable element external to the switch module , the switch module comprising:a first external connection, a second external connection, and a third external connection;a dry contact relay having a relay contact position responsive to a position of a component external to the switch module, the dry contact relay having a common connection, a normally open connection and a normally closed connection, where the normally open connection corresponds to a first position of the moveable element and the normally closed connection corresponding to a second position of the moveable;a NAMUR circuit having a first input connection pair and a first output connection pair;an electrical connection from the normally open connection of the dry relay to a first input of the first input connection pair of the NAMUR circuit;a selector operable to connect the common connection of the dry contact relay to i) a null contact of the selector or ii) a second input of the first input connection pair of the NAMUR circuit;a second electrical connection from the first output of the NAMUR circuit to one of the first external connection or the second external connection; anda third electrical connection between the second output of the NAMUR circuit to the third external connection;a first jumper that removeably ...

Analyte Determination Method and Analyte Meter

The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip. 153-. (canceled)54. A method for determining an analyte in a sample in which the sample is applied to an electrochemical test strip and evaluated using an analyte detection apparatus , wherein the sample may be a sample for evaluation or a control solution , wherein the analyte detection apparatus performs the steps of discriminating between a sample for evaluation and a control solution by the steps of:(a) applying a potential difference between first and second electrodes in the test strip for a period of time sufficient to establish a chemical potential gradient between the electrodes;(b) thereafter switching off the applied potential whereby the chemical potential gradient begins to decay;(c) determining the rate of decay of the chemical potential gradient in the absence of applied potential, and(d) comparing the determined rate of decay of the chemical potential gradient to pre-determined reference value, wherein the comparison indicates whether applied sample is a sample for evaluation or a control solution.55. The method of claim 54 , wherein the sample applied is a blood sample.56. The method of claim 55 , wherein the decay of the chemical potential gradient is determined by monitoring the potential difference between the electrodes after the applied potential has been switched off.57. The method of claim 56 , wherein the rate of decay of the chemical potential gradient is determined by measuring the time required for the potential between the electrodes to decay to a pre- ...

Analyte Test Strip and Analyte Meter Device

A test strip with an incorporated optical waveguide and deflectors punched through the optical waveguide allows light to exit through a layer of the test strip and be detected by a photo detector. Using light and a photodetector, these uniquely coded strips are identified. The waveguide can be constructed by sandwiching two layers of the test strip around a light transmissible layer. This configuration allows light to be transmitted through the test strip and out the other end, as well as allowing some light to escape the deflector. This light is detected by a photodetector mounted in the analyte test meter. The deflectors may be placed in patterns such that detection of this light indicates certain characteristics of the strip, such as non-counterfeit, regional identification, type of analyte tested, and coding information. 1. A method for determining a characteristic of an electrochemical test strip comprising(A) providing a test strip having an electrical connector at a first end, an electrochemical test cell at a second opposite end, a waveguide extending from the first end towards the second end, and a deflector formed in or on the waveguide, said deflector suitable for deflecting at least a portion of light traveling along the waveguide so that the deflected light exits the waveguide between the first end and second end of the strip;(B) inserting the first end of the strip into an apparatus, said apparatus comprising a light source and a photodetector, said light source being disposed to introduce light into the first end of the waveguide and said photodetector being disposed to detect the deflected light exiting the waveguide;(C) directing light into the waveguide;(D) detecting the deflected light exiting the waveguide; and(E) correlating the detected light with a characteristic.2. The method of wherein the waveguide extends to the second end of the strip and wherein light exits the waveguide at the second end of the strip.3. The method of wherein the ...

Method and Apparatus for Encoding Test Strips

A test meter for receiving a test strip comprises: 1. A test meter for receiving a test strip comprising:(a) a housing;(b) electronic circuitry disposed within the housing and the strip port connector contains a pair of top and bottom contacts, said top and bottom contacts having a proximal end and a distal end and a central contact portion,', 'the top and bottom contacts of the pair are transversely aligned with one another; and', 'the top and bottom contacts are biased such that the central contact portions of the contacts are in electrical contact with one another when no test strip is received in the test meter, and', 'the distal ends of the top and bottom contacts are separable from one another by insertion of a test strip between the opposed contacts., '(c) a strip port connector connected to the electronic circuitry and extending to an opening in the housing, said strip port connector connecting the electronic circuitry with a received test strip, wherein'}2. A test meter for receiving a test strip comprising:(a) a housing;(b) electronic circuitry disposed within the housing and the strip port connector receives the test strip through one longitudinal end of the strip port connector,', 'the strip port connector contains a pair of top and bottom contacts, said top and bottom contacts having a proximal end and a distal end and a central contact portion,', 'the top and bottom contacts of the pair are transversely aligned with one another; and', 'one of the top and bottom contacts extends longitudinally within the strip port connector to a greater extent than the other,', 'the top and bottom contacts are biased such that the central portions of the top and bottom contacts are in electrical contact with one another when no test strip is received in the test meter, and', 'the distal ends of the top and bottom contacts being separable from one another by insertion of a test strip between the opposed contacts., '(c) a strip port connector connected to the electronic ...

Method and apparatus for assay of electrochemical properties

A method for monitoring a select analyte in a sample in an electrochemical system. The method includes applying to the electrochemical system a time-varying potential superimposed on a DC potential to generate a signal; and discerning from the signal a contribution from the select analyte by resolving an estimation equation based on a Faradaic signal component and a nonfaradaic signal component.

Electrochemical Assay Device and Related Methods

An electrochemical test device is provided having a base layer with a first electrode thereon and a top layer with a second electrode thereon. The two electrodes are separated by a spacer layer having an opening therein, such that a sample-receiving space is defined with one electrode on the top surface, the other electrodes on the bottom surface and side walls formed from edges of the opening in the spacer. Reagents for performing the electrochemical reaction are deposited on one of the electrodes and on the side walls of the sample-receiving space. 125-. (canceled)26. An electrochemical test device comprisinga first substrate having a first electrode disposed thereon, a second substrate having a second electrode disposed thereon, and a spacer disposed between the first and second substrates and having an opening therein, whereby a sample-receiving space is defined that has a first surface having the first electrode disposed thereon, a second surface, opposite the first surface, having the second electrode disposed thereon, and side walls formed from edges of the opening in the spacer; anda reagent comprising a redox active material which is oxidized at the first electrode and reduced at the second electrode when the device is used;wherein in the test device prior to introduction of a liquid sample, the reagent is disposed in a dried layer, covering at least a portion of the first or second electrode and at least a portion of the side walls, said layer extending contiguously from the covered electrode and along the side walls.27. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers at least 25% of the height of the side walls.28. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers at least 50% of the height of the side walls.29. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers at least 75% of the height of the side walls.30. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers 100% of the height of the side walls.31. The device of claim 26 , wherein the redox ...

Measuring device and methods for use therewith

The ability to switch at will between amperometric measurements and potentiometric measurements provides great flexibility in performing analyses of unknowns. Apparatus and methods can provide such switching to collect data from an electrochemical cell. The cell may contain a reagent disposed to measure glucose in human blood. 1154-. (canceled)155. An apparatus for use with a reaction cell having a first electrode and a second electrode , the apparatus comprisinga voltage source providing a controllable voltage to the first electrode;a voltage sensor sensing voltage provided to the first electrode; andan amplifier;a plurality of switches each switchable between first and second positions, wherein when said plurality of switches is in a first switch configuration the amplifier measures current through the second electrode, thereby measuring current through the reaction cell, and wherein when the switches are in a second switch configuration the amplifier permits measurement of a voltage between the first and second electrodes.166. The apparatus according to claim 155 , wherein the plurality of switches comprises first claim 155 , second and third switches claim 155 , the first switch connecting the second electrode and an inverting input of the amplifier claim 155 , the second switch connecting the second electrode and a non-inverting input of the amplifier claim 155 , and the third switch connecting the non-inverting input of the amplifier and a reference voltage claim 155 , wherein the first position is defined by the first and third switches being closed and the second switch being open claim 155 , and the second position is defined by the first and third switches being open and the second switch being closed. This application claims priority from U.S. application No. 60/521,592 filed May 30, 2004, and from U.S. application No. 60/594,285 filed Mar. 25, 2005, each of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.Electrochemical reactions may be used ...

Method and apparatus for Assay of Electrochemical Properties

The presence of a select analyte in the sample is evaluated in an an electrochemical system using a conduction cell-type apparatus. A potential or current is generated between the two electrodes of the cell sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes After the gradient is established, the applied potential or current is discontinued and an analyte-independent signal is obtained from the relaxation of the chemical potential gradient. The analyte-independent signal is used to correct the analyte-dependent signal obtained during application of the potential or current. This correction allows an improved measurement of analyte concentration because it corrects for device-specific and test specific factors such as transport (mobility) of analyte and/or mediator, effective electrode area, and electrode spacing (and as a result, sample volume), without need for separate calibration values. The analysis can be performed using disposable test strips in a hand held meter, for example for glucose testing. 122-. (canceled)23. A method for increasing accuracy of a determination of an analyte in a sample , comprising the steps of:(a) applying the sample to an electrochemical test strip;(b) applying a potential signal to the sample in the electrochemical test strip to result in a current signal that is indicative of the amount of analyte in the sample;(c) ceasing application of the potential signal and determining a transient potential;{'sub': T', 'T, '(d) determining from the transient potential a correction factor for the effective transport parameter (P) or the electrode area (A) or both the effective transport parameter (P) or the electrode area (A), and'}(e) applying the correction factor(s) determined in (d) to arrive at a final determination of the analyte in the sample, said final determination of the ...

Method for Determination of Analyte Concentrations and Related Apparatus

A method is provided for determining analyte concentrations, for example glucose concentrations, that utilizes a dynamic determination of the appropriate time for making a glucose measurement, for example when a current versus time curve substantially conforms to a Cottrell decay, or when the current is established in a plateau region. Dynamic determination of the time to take the measurement allows each strip to operate in the shortest appropriate time frame, thereby avoiding using an average measurement time that may be longer than necessary for some strips and too short for others. 1. A method for determining an analyte in a sample comprising the steps of:(a) introducing a sample to be evaluated into an electrochemical test strip having working and counter electrodes;(b) applying a potential between the electrodes sufficient to generate a diffusion-limited current when analyte is present in the sample;{'sub': 'peak', '(c) dynamically determining a time, t, as the time when diffusion limiting current at the counter electrode is established;'}{'sub': meas', 'meas', 'peak', 'meas', 'peak, '(d) sampling the current value at a time, t, wherein tis after t, and tis determined based on the value of t, and'}{'sub': 'meas', '(e) generating an indication of analyte in the sample based on the sampled current value at time t.'}227-. (canceled) This application relates to a method for detection of analyte concentration using an electrochemical test strip, and to a meter and meter test strip combination for use in such a method.Small disposable electrochemical test strips are frequently used in the monitoring of blood glucose by diabetics. Such test strips can also be employed in the detection of other physiological chemicals of interest and substances of abuse. In general, the test strip comprises at least two electrodes and appropriate reagents for the test to be performed, and is manufactured as a single use, disposable element. The test strip is combined with a sample such ...

Method and apparatus for monitoring alteration of flow characteristics in a liquid sample

A device for measuring blood coagulation time is formed from a first substrate; a second substrate; a spacer layer disposed between the first and second substrates, said spacer layer having an opening formed therein defining a sample receiving chamber, a vented sink chamber, and an elongated reservoir forming a conduit for liquid movement between the sample receiving chamber and the sink chamber; a first electrode disposed on the first substrate, said first electrode being exposed in the reservoir portion through a first opening in the spacer layer; and a second electrode disposed on the second substrate, said second electrode being exposed in the reservoir portion through a second opening in the spacer layer. The device of the invention is used in combination with an apparatus that is connected to the first and second electrodes for measuring current flow between the first and second electrodes. Changes in observed current are indicative of flow through the device, and a cessation of flow indicates coagulation. 127.-. (canceled)28. A device for measuring a change in flow characteristics in a liquid sample , wherein the change in flow characteristics arises from a specific binding interaction between an analyte and an analyte-specific binding agent , comprising:{'b': '1', '(a) a first substrate ();'}{'b': '4', '(b) a second substrate ();'}{'b': 2', '3', '1', '4', '52', '33', '32', '52', '33, '(c) a spacer layer (, ) disposed between the first and second substrates (,), said spacer layer having an opening formed therein defining a sample receiving chamber (), a vented sink chamber (), and an elongated reservoir () forming a conduit for liquid movement between the sample receiving chamber () and the sink chamber ();'}{'b': 1', '32', '2', '3, '(d) a first electrode disposed on the first substrate (), said first electrode being exposed through the reservoir portion () of the opening in the spacer layer (,);'}{'b': 4', '32', '2', '3, '(e) a second electrode disposed on ...

Method and Apparatus for Assay of Electrochemical Properties

A method for monitoring a select analyte in a sample in an electrochemical system. The method includes applying to the electrochemical system a time-varying potential superimposed on a DC potential to generate a signal; and discerning from the signal a contribution from the select analyte by resolving an estimation equation based on a Faradaic signal component and a nonfaradaic signal component. 1. A method for determining the extent of electrode fouling in an implantable electrochemical sensor comprising at least two electrodes , the extent of electrode fouling being determined from effective electrode area , said method comprising:applying a potential stimulus to the electrodes to generate a current signal, the potential stimulus comprising a time-varying potential component superimposed on a constant potential component;isolating a time-varying current component from the current signal;determining an imaginary part of the time-varying current component, the magnitude of the imaginary part of the time-varying current component being linearly related to the effective electrode area; anddetermining the extent of electrode fouling from the determined magnitude of the imaginary part of the time-varying current component.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective electrode area changes as a result of electrode fouling.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measured effective electrode area is used to adjust the computation of concentration of an analyte and correct for signal distortion caused by changes in effective electrode area.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the measured extent of electrode fouling is used to adjust the measured current signal and correct for signal distortion caused by electrode fouling.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the adjustment corrects for a decrease in signal intensity due to fouling.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the adjustment is based on relative changes from initial analyte estimates.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING TEST STRIPS

A test meter for receiving a test strip comprises: 1. An electrochemical test strip , said test strip being generally planar and comprising a sample cell for receiving a test sample for analysis and electrodes disposed within the sample cells for performing an electrochemical assay , said test strip having a top surface and a bottom surface , wherein the test strip compromises a connection region and wherein the test strip further comprises:(a) electrical connectors for connecting the electrodes to a test meter, said electrical connectors being disposed within the connection region and exposed for connection on the top surface, and(b) a plurality of encoding pads disposed within the connection region on the bottom surface of the test strip, wherein at least two of the encoding pads are in electrical connection with each other.2. The test strip of claim 1 , wherein there are five encoding pads on the bottom surface of the test strip.3. The test strip of claim 1 , wherein all of the encoding pads are in electrical contact with one another.4. The test strip of claim 1 , wherein a notch is cut from the test strip to electrically isolate one of the encoding pads from the other encoding pads.5. The test strip of claim 1 , wherein additional coding information is provided on the top surface of the test strip.6. The test strip of claim 5 , wherein at least one encoding pad is provided on the top surface in electrical isolation from other encoding pads on the top surface.7. A combination of a housing;', 'electronic circuitry disposed within the housing; and', wherein the strip port connector contains a pair of opposed contacts, each contact having a proximal end, a distal end, and a central contact portion, and', 'wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to test for electrical contact between the pair of top and bottom contacts one or more times when no test strip is received in the meter; and, 'a strip port connector connected to the electronic circuitry and extending ...

Measuring device and methods for use therewith

The ability to switch at will between amperometric measurements and potentiometric measurements provides great flexibility in performing analyses of unknowns. Apparatus and methods can provide such switching to collect data from an electrochemical cell. The cell may contain a reagent disposed to measure glucose in human blood. 1154-. (canceled)155. A test equipment for receiving an electrochemical cell comprising at least first and second electrodes and a reagent reactive with a constituent of a human bodily fluid , said equipment comprising:at least first and second connectors for providing electric contact between the test equipment and at least first and second electrodes of a received electrochemical cell, a source of potential for applying a potential difference between the at least first and second electrodes through the at least first and second connectors;potentiometric circuitry;electronic control means; the electronic control means coupled with the source of potential to controllably apply the source of potential to the electrochemical cell, thereby allowing current to flow through the cell; andamperometric means external to the electrochemical cell for measuring the flow of current through the electrochemical cell;wherein the electronic control means is coupled with the potentiometric circuitry to automatically cease application of potential to the electrochemical cell, and then cause the potentiometric circuitry to measure a decay in chemical potential at the electrochemical cell in the absence of the applied potential.156. The test equipment of further comprising a housing claim 155 , having an opening for receiving the electrochemical cell and placing it in electrical connection with the at least first and second connectors claim 155 , and wherein the housing contains the source of potential claim 155 , the potentiometric circuitry claim 155 , and the electronic control means.157. The test equipment of claim 156 , wherein the electronic control means ...

CONFIGURABLE PROCESS CONTROL DEVICE WITH ELECTRONIC DISPLAY ASSEMBLY

A configurable process control device, which includes a field device, such as a valve position controller, that can be configured by a user to emulate any one of a plurality of different types of process control devices, is provided with an electronic display assembly. The electronic display assembly is operatively connected with a control circuit that is arranged to respond to the specific configuration of the field device to cause the electronic display assembly to display information relevant to the specific type of control device the field device has been configured to emulate. The information may include safety certification information specific to each of the different types of process control devices that the field device can be configured to emulate. 1. A configurable process control device for use in a plurality of use environments , wherein at least one of a pre-defined plurality of certifications must be displayed in conjunction with the configurable process control device depending on which of the use environments the configurable process control device is to be used in , the configurable process control device comprising:a field device;a first control circuit operatively coupled to the field device, the first control circuit arranged to control the field device and arranged to be reconfigured by a user to allow the field device to selectively emulate any of a plurality of different process control device types;an electronic display assembly, the electronic display assembly arranged to selectively display different information; anda second control circuit, the second control circuit operatively coupled to the electronic display assembly and the first control circuit, the second control circuit having access to a plurality of different certification information sets, each certification information set corresponding to a different one of the plurality of different process control device types;wherein the second control circuit causes the electronic display ...

Analyte Determination Method and Analyte Meter

The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip.

PIEZOELECTRIC LOUDSPEAKER

The present invention discloses a piezoelectric loudspeaker. The piezoelectric loudspeaker comprises a sound producing plate, a resonant sound-box, a surround and a reflective sound-box. The sound producing plate comprises a piezoelectric ceramic element. The resonant sound-box includes a first opening comprising a first carrying part. The sound producing plate is disposed on the first carrying part. A cavity resonator is formed between the sound producing plate and the resonant sound-box. The surround is disposed between the first carrying part and the sound producing plate. The reflective sound-box includes a second opening and a reflective output opening. The second opening comprises a second carrying part. The resonant sound-box is disposed on the second carrying part. A reflective cavity body is formed between the resonant sound-box and the reflective sound-box, and the reflective cavity body is connected the reflective output opening. 1. A piezoelectric loudspeaker , comprising:a sound producing plate including at least one piezoelectric ceramic element being able to vibrate the sound producing plate;a resonant sound-box including a first opening comprising a first carrying part, the sound producing plate being disposed on the first carrying part, and a cavity resonator being formed between the sound producing plate and the resonant sound-box;a surround disposed between the first carrying part and the sound producing plate; anda reflective sound-box including a second opening and a reflective output opening, a second carrying part formed on a partial of an inner edge of the seconding opening, the resonant sound-box being disposed on the second carrying part, a reflective cavity body being formed between the resonant sound-box and the reflective sound-box, the reflective output opening being disposed on a side of the reflective sound-box, and the reflective cavity body being communicating with the reflective output opening.2. The piezoelectric loudspeaker of ...

Analyte Test Strip and Analyte Meter Device

A test strip with an incorporated optical waveguide and deflectors punched through the optical waveguide allows light to exit through a layer of the test strip and be detected by a photo detector. Using light and a photodetector, these uniquely coded strips are identified. The waveguide can be constructed by sandwiching two layers of the test strip around a light transmissible layer. This configuration allows light to be transmitted through the test strip and out the other end, as well as allowing some light to escape the deflector. This light is detected by a photodetector mounted in the analyte test meter. The deflectors may be placed in patterns such that detection of this light indicates certain characteristics of the strip, such as non-counterfeit, regional identification, type of analyte tested, and coding information. 145.-. (canceled)46. A test strip comprising:(a) a top substrate;(b) a bottom substrate;(c) an electrical connector for connection to a meter disposed at a first end; and wherein said electrical connector comprises a first tab formed at the first end of the top substrate, and a second tab formed at the first end of the bottom substrate;', 'wherein the first tab is small in width relative to the second tab; and', 'wherein the first tab is not aligned with the second tab., '(d) an electrochemical test cell disposed at a second end;'}47. The test strip of wherein the second tab is notched in the middle of the tab.48. The test strip of wherein the second tab is notched on the edge closest to the first tab.49. The test strip of wherein the second tab is notched on the edge farthest from the first tab.50. The test strip of further comprising characteristic information about the strip encoded on the strip and a first tab and/or second tab configuration corresponding to said encoded characteristic information.51. The test strip of wherein the characteristic is selected from the group consisting of regional identification claim 50 , calibration ...

Test Strip Coding and Quality Measurement

A test strip and analytical apparatus have pin connections permitting the definition of geographic regions or of particular customers. A test strip made for use in a particular region or for a particular customer will have pin connections matching features of the apparatus made for use in that region or by that customer. Insertion of the strip into the apparatus does not merely turn on the apparatus, but provides the regional or customer coding. Analog switches within the apparatus allow coding of a larger number of distinct regions or customers than would otherwise be possible, all without degrading the quality of the measurements made of the fluid being tested. Conductive paths in the strips permit testing the strips during manufacture so as to detect quality lapses regarding the printing or deposition of the paths. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for use with a planar test strip elongated for a length along a first dimension parallel to a first axis and having a second dimension corresponding to the width of the strip , the strip having an electrochemical analysis cell at one axial end and a connection region at the other axial end , the strip made up of at least a first layer; the first layer having deposited thereupon at least one conductor extending from the connection region to the electrochemical cell , the conductor having a first portion which is not a conductive path for analysis and which does not make contact with sample in the electrochemical cell; the method comprising the steps of:applying first and second test probes to said first portion, said first and second test probes disposed axially or perpendicular to the axis and separated from one another along the length or width of the strip.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the conductor has a second portion claim 12 , separate from the first conductive portion claim 12 , which is not a conductive path for analysis and which does not make contact with sample in the electrochemical cell claim 12 , the ...

Analyte Detection Meter and Associated Method of Use

A method for obtaining information encoded on an electrochemical test strip is provided. The test strip has two electrodes disposed within a sample space and the information is encoded on the test strip prior to introduction of liquid sample. The method includes the step of introducing sample to the sample space so that the sample is in contact with the two electrodes within the sample space. In another step a value is determined that is representative of the double layer capacitance of the test strip and/or the equivalent capacitance of the test strip. The determined value is then translated into information reflecting a characteristic of the test strip prior to introduction of sample. 126.-. (canceled)28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the characteristic information is information reflecting a characteristic of the test strip at the time of manufacture of the test strip.29. The method of claim 27 , wherein the characteristic information encoded on the strip is information selected from the group consisting of: calibration information claim 27 , regional or country coding claim 27 , product identification claim 27 , customer identification claim 27 , assay type claim 27 , and date of manufacture.30. The method of claim 27 , wherein the method comprises the step of controlling or altering the effective area of an electrode within the sample space of the test strip claim 27 , wherein a two-dimensional surface area of the electrode is controlled or altered.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein a three-dimensional surface area is controlled or altered.32. The method of claim 27 , wherein the method comprises the step of controlling or altering the effective area of an electrode within the sample space of the test strip claim 27 , wherein a three-dimensional effective electrode area is controlled or altered.33. The method of claim 27 , wherein the method comprises the step of controlling or altering the surface of an electrode within the sample space claim 27 , wherein ...

Integrated Blood Glucose Measurement Device

A portable combination for measuring a glucose concentration value in a sample has a portable glucose meter (GM) having a test strip port for receiving a disposable electrochemical test strip, means for calculating a glucose concentration value in a sample applied to a test strip received in the test strip port, and optionally a rechargeable GM battery. Next the combination has a portable rechargeable supplemental battery pack (SBP). The combination also has a web enabled portable device (WEPD) having a rechargeable WEPD battery and a wireless connection to the Internet. The GM, the SBP, and the WEPD are electrically coupled to allow power transfer between the GM, the SBP, and the WEPD. The GM and the WEPD are communicatively coupled to allow for data transfer between the GM and the WEPD. The GM and SBP are detachable from and reattachable to the WEPD to form the portable combination. Lastly the combination has means for managing battery operations of the combination. These means are effective to cause the GM to draw operating power first from the SBP, second from the WEPD battery, and third from the GM battery, if the GM battery is present. 1. A portable combination for measuring a glucose concentration value in a sample , the combination comprising:(A) a portable glucose meter (GM) having a test strip port for receiving a disposable electrochemical test strip, means for calculating a glucose concentration value in a sample applied to a test strip received in the test strip port; and (I) the GM and the WEPD are electrically coupled to allow power transfer between the GM, and the WEPD,', '(II) the GM and the WEPD are communicatively coupled to allow for data transfer between the GM and the WEPD, and', '(III) the GM and WEPD are detachable from and reattachable to the WEPD to form the portable combination., '(B) a web enabled portable device (WEPD) having a rechargeable WEPD battery and a wireless connection to the internet, wherein2. The combination of claim 1 , ...

Method and Apparatus for Assay of Electrochemical Properites

A method for monitoring a select analyte in a sample in an electrochemical system. The method includes applying to the electrochemical system a time-varying potential superimposed on a DC potential to generate a signal; and discerning from the signal a contribution from the select analyte by resolving an estimation equation based on a Faradaic signal component and a nonfaradaic signal component.

Analyte Determination Method and Analyte Meter

The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip. 1. A method for determining an analyte in a sample comprising the steps of:(a) placing the sample in an electrochemical test cell comprising a working and a counter electrode and a mediator that serves as a charge carrier in the electrochemical determination of the analyte,(b) electrochemically determining an uncorrected result for the determination of analyte in the sample;(c) determining an additive correction term for the amount of oxygen in the sample, and(d) modifying the uncorrected result of step (b) by adding the additive correction term of step (c) to provide a corrected determination of analyte in the sample,wherein the additive correction term for the amount of oxygen in the sample is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a blood sample.34-. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample is determined applying a potential for a period of time sufficient to establish a chemical potential gradient between the electrodes claim 1 , switching off the applied potential at a time t claim 1 , and obtaining a value indicative of the rate of decay of the chemical potential gradient in the absence of applied potential.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the value indicative of the rate of decay is a time t claim 5 , which is determined by determining the time claim 5 , t ...

Item Eligibility and/or Promotion Determination Application

In general, the present invention is directed to systems and methods of utilizing an application operating on a mobile device to determine any applicable offers or eligibility and rank such offers and eligibility for user selection. More specifically, a process may be conducted by a processor in communication with a mobile device and data stores including user data, retailer data, and/or product and service data, the process including comparing identification information associated with a product or service received from the mobile device with data in the data stores; determining the product or service and identifying any associated promotional offers or plan eligibility associated with the product or service, the user, and/or the retailer; ranking any promotional offers or plan eligibility based at least in part on size of promotion; transmitting to the mobile device an identifier of applicable promotional offers or plan eligibility. 1. A system , comprising:a processor; user data, including memberships, groups, plans, and/or entitlements associated with a user;', products and services offered by a retailer;', 'any promotional offers offered by the retailer;, 'retailer data, including, 'product and service data, including identification information of each product and service, and any promotional offers or plan eligibility associated with the product or service;, 'one or more data stores, the one or more data stores storing data comprisingwherein the processor is in selective communication with one or more retailers, manufacturers, membership plans, insurance providers, and/or entitlement providers to populate and update the one or more data stores;wherein the processor is in selective communication with a mobile device of the user; comparing first media data comprising identification information associated with a product or service received from the mobile device with product and service data stored in the one or more data stores;', 'based at least in part on the ...

QUICK DISCONNECT CONNECTOR ASSEMBLY

A quick-disconnect connector assembly includes a housing having a bore that extends up to but not through a first end of the housing. The connector assembly also includes a proximity switch disposed within the bore, and the proximity switch includes a switch body, a first contact member, and a second contact member. A portion of each of the first and second contact members extends from the switch body towards a second end of the housing. In a first switch position, a contact of a displaceable switching assembly is in contact with the first contact member, and in a second switch position, the contact is in contact with the second contact member. The connector assembly also includes an external connection assembly including a first pin that is electrically coupled to the first contact member and a second pin that is electrically coupled to the second contact member. 1. A quick-disconnect connector assembly comprising:a housing that extends along a longitudinal axis from a first end to a longitudinally-opposite second end, the housing including one or more interior surfaces that cooperate to define a bore that extends from the second end to a point adjacent to the first end such that the bore does not extend through the first end of the housing, wherein the bore includes a first bore portion; a switch body extending along a body longitudinal axis, the switch body having a first end disposed adjacent to the first end of the housing and a longitudinally-opposite second end; and', 'a first contact member and a second contact member, each of the first and second contact members having a first end and a longitudinally-opposite second end, the second end being disposed within the switch body and the first end being disposed external to the switch body, wherein a portion of each of the first and second contact members extends from the second end of the switch body towards the second end of the housing,', 'wherein in a first switch position, a contact of a displaceable ...

Electrochemical Cell and Method of Making an Electrochemical Cell

Electrochemical test cells are made with precision and accuracy by adhering an electrically resistive sheet having a bound opening to a first electrically conductive sheet. A notching opening is then punched through the electrically resistive sheet and the first electrically conductive sheet. The notching opening intersects the first bound opening in the electrically resistive sheet, and transforms the first bound opening into a notch in the electrically resistive sheet. A second electrically conductive sheet is punched to have a notching opening corresponding to that of first electrically conductive sheet, and this is adhered to the other side of the electrically resistive sheet such that the notching openings are aligned. This structure is cleaved from surrounding material to form an electrochemical cell that has a sample space for receiving a sample defined by the first and second conductive sheets and the notch in the electrically resistive sheet. 1. A multi-cell test device , comprising: (a) a common first substrate having a layer of conductive material applied to a first surface thereof;', '(b) a common electrically-resistive middle layer; and', '(c) a common second substrate having a layer of conductive material applied to a first surface thereof, the first surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate are adhered to the electrically resistive middle layer,, 'a plurality of coplanar electrochemical cells, comprising, in sequence a sample-receiving end,', 'a connector end having a plurality of connectors, and', 'a sample space passing through the electrically resistive middle layer and being bounded on opposing sides by a portion of the conductive material of the first and second substrates the first substrate forming an unpatterned first electrode and being connected with the sample-receiving end of the device and the second substrate forming a second electrode and being connected with the sample-receiving end of the device., ' ...

Analyte Detection Meter and Associated Method of Use

A method for obtaining information encoded on an electrochemical test strip is provided. The test strip has two electrodes disposed within a sample space and the information is encoded on the test strip prior to introduction of liquid sample. The method includes the step of introducing sample to the sample space so that the sample is in contact with the two electrodes within the sample space. In another step a value is determined that is representative of the double layer capacitance of the test strip and/or the equivalent capacitance of the test strip. The determined value is then translated into information reflecting a characteristic of the test strip prior to introduction of sample.

Implantable Electrochemical Biosensor System and Method

Correction for initial variation in thickness of a polymer layer and for changes in the coating thickness that occur after implantation of a biosensor and therefore provides substantial increase in the accuracy and lifetime of implantable sensors is done using a factor derived from the decay of potential. 1. An implantable electrochemical sensor system comprising:a biosensor comprising an electrode and a polymer layer containing an enzyme;a controller for first applying a potential (V) to the biosensor when the biosensor is in contact with a solution, wherein the applied potential is sufficient to oxidize or reduce a redox active species in the solution and generate a current, and then switching off the applied potential;a potentiometer that measures a plurality of V versus time (t) data points after the switching off of the applied potential; anda data processor that determines the slope (k) of a plot of V versus 1/√t, wherein the slope provides an indication of the thickness of the polymer layer.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the redox active species is part of a reversible redox couple and the thickness of the polymer layer is proportional to 1/k.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the redox active species is part of an irreversible redox couple and the thickness of the polymer layer is proportional to 1/√vk.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is platinum.5. The system claim 1 , wherein the electrode is gold.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , for a particular determination of analyte claim 1 , the potential is applied to the biosensor for a period of 60 seconds or less.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the potential is applied to the biosensor for a period of 40 seconds or less.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the potential is applied to the biosensor for a period of 10 to 30 seconds.9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the V versus t data points are collected during a period of time that is 5 seconds or less after switching off of the ...

Identification Method for Electrochemical Test Strips

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for creating test strips that may be identified based on differences in electrical conduction or resistance between contact point on the test strip. This is achieved by creating a base test strip with contact points that may be connected to other contact points by an electrical connection. These base test strips may be modified to create a difference in electrical conductivity between contact points, or a contact point may be eliminated. This modification can be used to distinguish different types of test strips based on electrical signature. Additionally, the base test strip may be created such that multiple modifications are possible to distinguish numerous characteristics of test strips.

Method for Determination of Analyte Concentrations and Related Apparatus

A method is provided for determining analyte concentrations, for example glucose concentrations, that utilizes a dynamic determination of the appropriate time for making a glucose measurement, for example when a current versus time curve substantially conforms to a Cottrell decay, or when the current is established in a plateau region. Dynamic determination of the time to take the measurement allows each strip to operate in the shortest appropriate time frame, thereby avoiding using an average measurement time that may be longer than necessary for some strips and too short for others. 1. A method for determining an analyte in a sample comprising the steps of:introducing a sample to be evaluated into an electrochemical test strip having working and counter electrodes;applying a potential between the electrodes sufficient to generate a diffusion-limited current when analyte is present in the sample;{'sub': 'peak', 'dynamically determining a time, t, as the time when diffusion limiting current at the counter electrode is established;'}{'sub': meas', 'meas', 'peak', 'meas', 'peak, 'sampling the current value at a time, t, wherein tis after t, and tis determined based on the value of t, and'}{'sub': 'meas', 'generating an indication of analyte in the sample based on the sampled current value at time t.'}227-. (canceled) This application relates to a method for detection of analyte concentration using an electrochemical test strip, and to a meter and meter test strip combination for use in such a method.Small disposable electrochemical test strips are frequently used in the monitoring of blood glucose by diabetics. Such test strips can also be employed in the detection of other physiological chemicals of interest and substances of abuse. In general, the test strip comprises at least two electrodes and appropriate reagents for the test to be performed, and is manufactured as a single use, disposable element. The test strip is combined with a sample such as blood, saliva or ...

Analyte Test Strip and Analyte Meter Device

A test strip with an incorporated optical waveguide and deflectors punched through the optical waveguide allows light to exit through a layer of the test strip and be detected by a photo detector. Using light and a photodetector, these uniquely coded strips are identified. The waveguide can be constructed by sandwiching two layers of the test strip around a light transmissible layer. This configuration allows light to be transmitted through the test strip and out the other end, as well as allowing some light to escape the deflector. This light is detected by a photodetector mounted in the analyte test meter. The deflectors may be placed in patterns such that detection of this light indicates certain characteristics of the strip, such as non-counterfeit, regional identification, type of analyte tested, and coding information.

Adjustable orthotic foot brace and method for adjusting a foot brace

The orthotic foot brace for a person wearing a footwear generally has: a lower leg holder securable to a lower leg of the person for use, a lower leg strut connected to the lower leg holder and extending downwardly towards the footwear during use; a foot strut structurally connected to the lower leg strut and having at least one side portion, each side portion extending forwardly along a respective side of the footwear and extending outwardly along a respective side of the footwear; an instep strut provided in the form of an extension of the foot strut along a long axis of the footwear, the instep strut having a distal portion securable to the footwear, and at least a proximal portion being slidably connected to the foot strut in a manner to allow adjusting the extension distance of the distal portion to a selected position.

Electrochemical Analyte Detection Apparatus and Method

A method and apparatus for electrochemical detection of analyte in a sample makes use of a binding interaction and relies on the discovery that asymmetric distribution of a redox enzyme between two electrodes that occurs when a redox enzyme-containing reagent is immobilized at the surface of one electrode can be detected as a chemical potential gradient arising from an asymmetry in the distribution of oxidized or reduced redox substrate. This chemical potential gradient can be detected potentiometrically by observing the potential difference between the electrodes in an open circuit, or amperometrically by observing the current flow between the electrodes when the circuit is closed. In both cases, the observation of asymmetry can be done without the application of an external potential or current to the electrodes. 1. A method for determining the amount of enzyme present at one electrode independent of the amount of enzyme present at a second electrode , comprising the steps of:(a) introducing a sample to a test cell comprising first and second electrodes, a mobile test reagent comprising a redox enzyme portion, and reagents that interact with the mobile test reagent and/or the analyte, such that the mobile test reagent has a first distribution relative to the electrodes when analyte is present in the sample and a second distribution relative to the electrodes when analyte is not present sample, one of said first and second distributions being asymmetric with respect to a line between the electrodes, and the other of the first and second distributions being symmetric or less asymmetric with respect to the line between the electrodes,(b) supplying a redox substrate for the redox enzyme in the test cell, said redox substrate being acted upon by the redox enzyme to produce a chemical potential gradient between the first and second electrodes, wherein the magnitude of the chemical potential gradient is determined by the distribution of the mobile test reagent and thus ...

Electrochemical Analyte Detection Apparatus and Method

A method and apparatus for electrochemical detection of analyte in a sample makes use of a binding interaction and relies on the discovery that asymmetric distribution of a redox enzyme between two electrodes that occurs when a redox enzyme-containing reagent is immobilized at the surface of one electrode can be detected as a chemical potential gradient arising from an asymmetry in the distribution of oxidized or reduced redox substrate. This chemical potential gradient can be detected potentiometrically by observing the potential difference between the electrodes in an open circuit, or amperometrically by observing the current flow between the electrodes when the circuit is closed. In both cases, the observation of asymmetry can be done without the application of an external potential or current to the electrodes. 1. A method for determining an analyte in a sample , comprising the steps of:(a) introducing the sample to a test cell comprising first and second electrodes, a mobile test reagent comprising a redox enzyme portion, and reagents that interact with the mobile test reagent and/or the analyte, such that the mobile test reagent has a first distribution relative to the electrodes when analyte is present in the sample and a second distribution relative to the electrodes when analyte is not present sample, one of said first and second distributions being asymmetric with respect to a line between the electrodes, and the other of the first and second distributions being symmetric or less asymmetric with respect to the line between the electrodes,(b) supplying a redox substrate for the redox enzyme in the test cell, said redox substrate being acted upon by the redox enzyme to produce a chemical potential gradient between the first and second electrodes, wherein the magnitude of the chemical potential gradient is determined by the distribution of the mobile test reagent and thus on the presence of analyte, and(c) detecting the chemical potential gradient between the ...

Analyte Determination Method and Analyte Meter

The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip. 153-. (canceled)54. A method for determining an analyte in a sample in which the sample is applied to an electrochemical test strip and evaluated using an analyte detection apparatus , wherein the sample may be a sample for evaluation or a control solution , wherein the analyte detection apparatus performs the steps of discriminating between a sample for evaluation and a control solution by the steps of:(a) applying a potential difference between first and second electrodes in the test strip for a period of time sufficient to establish a chemical potential gradient between the electrodes;(b) thereafter switching off the applied potential whereby the chemical potential gradient begins to decay;(c) determining the rate of decay of the chemical potential gradient in the absence of applied potential, and(d) comparing the determined rate of decay of the chemical potential gradient to pre-determined reference value, wherein the comparison indicates whether the applied sample is a sample for evaluation or a control solution.55. A method for determining an analyte in a sample comprising the steps of:(a) applying the sample to an electrochemical test cell comprising a working and a counter electrode and a mediator that serves as a charge carrier in the electrochemical determination of the analyte,(b) electrochemically determining an uncorrected result for the determination of analyte in the applied sample;{'sub': mob', 'mob, '(c) determining a measure, t, of the mobility of the mediator in the ...

Electrochemical Cell and Method of Making an Electrochemical Cell

Electrochemical test cells are made with precision and accuracy by adhering an electrically resistive sheet having a bound opening to a first electrically conductive sheet. A notching opening is then punched through the electrically resistive sheet and the first electrically conductive sheet. The notching opening intersects the first bound opening in the electrically resistive sheet, and transforms the first bound opening into a notch in the electrically resistive sheet. A second electrically conductive sheet is punched to have a notching opening corresponding to that of first electrically conductive sheet, and this is adhered to the other side of the electrically resistive sheet such that the notching openings are aligned. This structure is cleaved from surrounding material to form an electrochemical cell that has a sample space for receiving a sample defined by the first and second conductive sheets and the notch in the electrically resistive sheet. 1. A multi-cell test device , comprising:a sample receiving end;a connector end having a plurality of connectors; anda plurality of adjacent electrochemical cells, comprising, in sequence:(a) a common first substrate having a layer of conductive material applied to a first surface thereof;(b) a common electrically-resistive middle layer; and(c) a common second substrate having a layer of conductive material applied to a first surface thereof, the first surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate are adhered to the electrically resistive middle layer,wherein each electrochemical cell comprises:a sample space passing through the electrically resistive middle layer and being bounded on opposing sides by a portion of the conductive material of the first and second substrates, the first substrate forming an unpatterned first electrode and being connected with the sample-receiving end of the device and the second substrate forming a second electrode and being connected with the sample- ...

Implantable Electrochemical Biosensor System and Method

Correction for initial variation in thickness of a polymer layer and for changes in the coating thickness that occur after implantation of a biosensor and therefore provides substantial increase in the accuracy and lifetime of implantable sensors is done using a factor derived from the decay of potential. 1. An implantable electrochemical sensor system comprising:a biosensor comprising an electrode and a polymer layer containing an enzyme;a controller for first applying a potential (V) to the biosensor when the biosensor is in contact with a solution, wherein the applied potential is sufficient to oxidize or reduce a redox active species in the solution and generate a current, and then switching off the applied potential;a potentiometer that measures a plurality of V versus time (t) data points after the switching off of the applied potential; anda data processor that determines the slope (k) of a plot of V versus 1/√t, wherein the slope provides an indication of the thickness of the polymer layer.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the redox active species is part of a reversible redox couple and the thickness of the polymer layer is proportional to 1/k.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the redox active species is part of an irreversible redox couple and the thickness of the polymer layer is proportional to 1/√vk.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is platinum.5. The system claim 1 , wherein the electrode is gold.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , for a particular determination of analyte claim 1 , the potential is applied to the biosensor for a period of 60 seconds or less.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the potential is applied to the biosensor for a period of 40 seconds or less.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the potential is applied to the biosensor for a period of 10 to 30 seconds.9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the V versus t data points are collected during a period of time that is 5 seconds or less after switching off of the ...

TRACEABLE METALLIC PRODUCTS AND METALLIC SUPPORT FOR NANOSTORAGE

The invention relates to traceable metallic products, methods of uses and methods of making same. The metallic products may be made traceable for integrity purposes, identification purposes, counterfeit avoidance and the like. The invention also relates to metallic supports for nanostorage of various compounds and samples. 1. A traceable metallic product , wherein said metallic product comprises a porous surface layer formed by anodization , and wherein said porous surface layer comprises at least one traceable biological compound.2. (canceled)3. The traceable metallic product of claim 1 , wherein said at least one traceable biological compound is selected from the group consisting of nucleic acids claim 1 , peptidic molecules claim 1 , lipids claim 1 , mono and polysaccharides claim 1 , hormones claim 1 , vitamins claim 1 , and derivatives thereof.4. (canceled)5. The traceable metallic product of claim 1 , wherein said at least one traceable biological compound is carried in nanopores of the porous surface layer claim 1 , and wherein said at least one traceable compound is recoverable from said porous surface layer for detection claim 1 , identification and/or utilization purposes.6. (canceled)7. The traceable metallic product of claim 1 , wherein said traceable metallic product consists of a metallic support for nanostorage of compound and samples.8. The traceable metallic product of claim 1 , wherein said porous surface layer is sealed.9. The traceable metallic product of claim 1 , wherein said porous surface layer further comprises an electrodeposit of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silver claim 1 , gold claim 1 , copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , tin claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , palladium and platinum.10. The traceable metallic product of claim 1 , wherein said traceable metallic product consists of a traceable piece of aluminum comprising a porous surface layer formed by anodization claim 1 , and wherein said porous ...

VALVE SIGNATURE DIAGNOSIS AND LEAK TEST DEVICE

A valve signature diagnosis and leak testing device includes a spool valve operatively connected to a pilot valve, the pilot valve being configured to position the spool valve to one of an open position and a closed position. A blocker valve is fluidly connected to a control fluid outlet of the spool valve. An electrical module is operatively connected to the pilot valve, a supply of control fluid, and the blocker valve, the electrical module being capable of sending pulsed electrical signals to the pilot valve and the blocker valve to selectively position the spool valve and the blocker valve to an open or closed position.

Analyte Determination Method and Analyte Meter

The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip.

MEASURING DEVICE AND METHODS FOR USE THEREWITH

The ability to switch at will between amperometric measurements and potentiometric measurements provides great flexibility in performing analyses of unknowns. Apparatus and methods can provide such switching to collect data from an electrochemical cell. The cell may contain a reagent disposed to measure glucose in human blood. 1. An apparatus for use with a reaction cell having a first electrode and a second electrode , the apparatus comprising:a voltage or current source providing a controllable voltage or current to the first electrode;a voltage sensor sensing voltage provided at the first electrode;an amplifier;switch means switchable between first and second positions, said switch means in said first position disposing the amplifier to measure current through the second electrode, thereby measuring current through the reaction cell, said switch means in said second position disposing the amplifier to measure voltage present at the second electrode.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the switch means comprises first claim 1 , second claim 1 , and third analog switches claim 1 , the first analog switch connecting the second electrode and an inverting input of the amplifier claim 1 , the second analog switch connecting the second electrode and a non-inverting input of the amplifier claim 1 , the third analog switch connecting the non-inverting input of the amplifier and a reference voltage claim 1 , the first position defined by the first and third switches being closed and the second switch being open claim 1 , the second position defined by the first and third switches being open and the second switch being closed.3. A method for use in a test equipment apparatus having an electrochemical cell disposed to receive a bodily fluid of a human user claim 1 , the apparatus comprising electronic circuitry claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:under automatic control of the electronic circuitry, allowing electrical current to flow through the cell by means of a ...

Reagents for Electrochemical Test Strips

A dry reagent composition that includes an active redox enzyme that oxidizes an analyte as a specific substrate to produce an inactive reduced form of the enzyme; and a salt of ferricyanide provides improved performance in electrochemical test strips such as those used for detection of glucose. The salt of ferricyanide consists of ferricyanide and positively-charged counter ions, and the positively charged counter ions are selected such that the salt of ferricyanide is soluble in water, and such that the salt of ferricyanide or the crystalline phase of the salt of ferricyanide has a solubility in water and/or a lower Eat a concentration of 100 mM than potassium ferricyanide. For example, the salt of ferricyanide may be tetramethylammonium ferricyanide. 1. A dry reagent composition comprising:(a) an active redox enzyme that oxidizes an analyte as a specific substrate to produce an inactive reduced form of the enzyme; and{'sup': '0', 'sub': 'eff', '(b) a salt of ferricyanide, wherein the salt of ferricyanide consists of ferricyanide and positively-charged counter ions, said positively charged counter ions being selected such that the salt of ferricyanide is soluble in water, and such that the salt of ferricyanide or the crystalline phase of the salt of ferricyanide has a solubility in water and/or a lower Eat a concentration of 100 mM than potassium ferricyanide.'}2. The dry reagent of claim 1 , wherein the salt of ferricyanide includes alkylammonium ions as positively-charged counter ions.3. The dry reagent of claim 2 , wherein the salt of ferricyanide includes tetramethylammonium ions as positively-charged counter ions.4. The dry reagent of claim 3 , wherein the positively charged counter ions in the salt of ferricyanide are all tetramethylammonium ions.5. The dry reagent of claim 4 , wherein the reagent further comprises an electron transfer mediator that is not a salt of ferricyanide claim 4 , said electron transfer mediator having an electrochemical potential in ...

Method and apparatus for assay of electrochemical properties

Compositions and Methods for siRNA Inhibition of Angiogenesis

System for cleaning and sanitizing

The present invention provides a system ( 10 ) for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces that incorporates a high pressure fluid supply ( 52 ) and a low pressure fluid supply ( 42 ), often carrying an ozonated fluid, and alternates directed streams of the two fluids for application to contaminated surfaces through a single applicator ( 70, 100 ).

COMPOSITION

Electrochemical cell and method of making an electrochemical cell

通过将具有约束口的电阻薄板粘附到第一导电薄板，生产出具有精度和准确性的电化学试验电池。然后，通过该电阻薄板和第一导电薄板冲缺口孔。该缺口孔与在该电阻薄板中的第一约束孔交叉，并且将第一约束孔转变成在该电阻薄板中的缺口。第二导电薄板进行冲孔而具有相应于第一导电薄板缺口孔的缺口孔，再将这个薄板如此粘附到该电阻薄板的另一面上，以致对准这些缺口孔。从周围材料分离这种结构形成电化学电池，它具有接受样品的样品空间，该样品空间是由第一和第二导电薄板与在该电阻薄板中的缺口确定的。

Cysteine engineered antibodies and conjugates withCysteine engineered antibodies and conjugates with a free cysteine amino acid in the heavy chain a free cysteine amino acid in the heavy chain

Disclosed is a cysteine engineered antibody compriDisclosed is a cysteine engineered antibody comprising a free cysteine amino acid having a thiol reasing a free cysteine amino acid having a thiol reactivity value in the range of 0.6 to 1.0; and a sectivity value in the range of 0.6 to 1.0; and a sequence in the heavy chain selected from SEQ ID NOSquence in the heavy chain selected from SEQ ID NOS: 11, 12, 13, and 15: LVTVCSASTKGPS SEQ ID NO:11 : 11, 12, 13, and 15: LVTVCSASTKGPS SEQ ID NO:11 LVTVSCASTKGPS SEQ ID NO:12 LVTVSSCSTKGPS SEQ ID LVTVSCASTKGPS SEQ ID NO:12 LVTVSSCSTKGPS SEQ ID NO:13 HTFPCVLQSSGLYS SEQIDNO:15 where the cysteiNO:13 HTFPCVLQSSGLYS SEQIDNO:15 where the cysteine in SEQ ID NOS: 11, 12, 13, and 15 is the free cne in SEQ ID NOS: 11, 12, 13, and 15 is the free cysteine amino acid. Also disclosed are antibody-drysteine amino acid. Also disclosed are antibody-drug conjugate compounds with the cysteine engineereug conjugate compounds with the cysteine engineered antibody described above and a drug moiety selecd antibody described above and a drug moiety selected from a maytansinoid, an auristatin, a dolastatted from a maytansinoid, an auristatin, a dolastatin, and a calicheamicin. in, and a calicheamicin.

Analyte determination method and analyte meter

Method and Apparatus for Assay of Electrochemical Properties

The presence of a select analyte in the sample is evaluated in an an electrochemical system using a conduction cell-type apparatus. A potential or current is generated between the two electrodes of the cell sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes After the gradient is established, the applied potential or current is discontinued and an analyte-independent signal is obtained from the relaxation of the chemical potential gradient. The analyte-independent signal is used to correct the analyte-dependent signal obtained during application of the potential or current.; This correction allows an improved measurement of analyte concentration because it corrects for device-specific and test specific factors such as transport (mobility) of analyte and/or mediator, effective electrode area, and electrode spacing (and as a result, sample volume), without need for separate calibration values. The analysis can be performed using disposable test strips in a hand held meter, for example for glucose testing.

Measuring device and methods for use therewith

The ability to switch at will between amperometric measurements and potentiometric measurements provides great flexibility in performing analyses of unknowns. Apparatus and methods can provide such switching to collect data from an electrochemical cell. The cell may contain a reagent disposed to measure glucose in human blood.

Method for determination of analyte concentrations and related apparatus

A method is provided for determining analyte concentrations, for example glucose concentrations, that utilizes a dynamic determination of the appropriate time for making a glucose measurement, for example when a current versus time curve substantially conforms to a Cottrell decay, or when the current is established in a plateau region. Dynamic determination of the time to take the measurement allows each strip to operate in the shortest appropriate time frame, thereby avoiding using an average measurement time that may be longer than necessary for some strips and too short for others.

Method and apparatus for providing stable voltage to analytical system

An electrochemical cell has two terminals. One of the terminals is connected to a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) power supply and to a voltmeter. The other terminal is connected to circuitry capable of switching between amperometric and potentiometric measurement modes. A sequence of successive approximations permits selection of a PWM duty cycle giving rise to a desired voltage at the terminal connected with the power supply. In this way a stable excitation voltage is supplied to the cell even in the face of supply voltage instability or drift or instability in electronics coupled with the cell.

Determination of partial fill in electrochemical strips

Partial fill of an electrochemical test strip is determined by making a DC determination of double layer capacitance from charging or discharging charge on a test strip containing sample, for example a blood sample to be tested for glucose. The measured double layer capacitance is compared to a reference value. The double layer capacitance may be determined as an integral or differential capacitance. Double layer capacitance may also be used for quality control to monitor the quality of electrode formation, particularly in strips using screen printed electrodes.

Test strip coding and quality measurement

A test strip and analytical apparatus have pin connections permitting the definition of geographic regions or of particular customers. A test strip made for use in a particular region or for a particular customer will have pin connections matching features of the apparatus made for use in that region or by that customer. Insertion of the strip into the apparatus does not merely turn on the apparatus, but provides the regional or customer coding. Analog switches within the apparatus allow coding of a larger number of distinct regions or customers than would otherwise be possible, all without degrading the quality of the measurements made of the fluid being tested. Conductive paths in the strips permit testing the strips during manufacture so as to detect quality lapses regarding the printing or deposition of the paths.

Method and apparatus for detection of abnormal traces during electrochemical analyte detection

Detection of abnormal signal traces in electrochemical measurements generated using an electrochemical test strip to which a potential is applied allows for an indication of an erroneous analyte determination. The current trace has an expected shape in which a peak current is observed a time t peak after which there is a decrease in current. To detect abnormal signal traces, the time t peak is determined experimentally and compared with an expected value, t′ peak , and if the difference between the two values to over a predetermined threshold, an error message is provided to the user instead of a test result. The value of t′ peak is determined as a function of a mobility term that is determined during a potentiometry phase following the amperometric measurements.

Error detection in analyte measurements based on measurement of system resistance

Measurement of the series resistance of a working and counter electrode pair in an electrochemical test strip provide error detection for multiple variations in the quality of the test strip, as well as the operation of strip in the test meter. In particular, a single measurement of series resistance can be used to detect and generate an error message when an incorrect reading is likely to result due to (1) damaged electrode tracks, (2) fouled electrode surfaces, (3) dirty strip contacts, or (4) short circuit between the electrodes.

Analyte determination method and analyte meter

The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip.

Method and apparatus for providing a stable voltage to an analytical system

A method and apparatus for provide a stable voltage to an electrochemical cell used for measurement of an analyte such as glucose in a liquid sample. The apparatus uses a circuit in which multiple switching positions provide both calibration information for use in calibration of electronic components in the circuit and error checking functionality.

Implantable electrochemical biosensor system and method

Un método para determinar el espesor de una capa (21, 121,123) de polímero que contiene una enzima en un biosensor implantable que comprende un electrodo (20) recubierto por la capa de polímero, dicho método que comprende las etapas de poner el biosensor en contacto con una solución (22; 122) y que aplica un potencial al biosensor suficiente para oxidar o reducir una especie activa redox en la solución y generar una corriente, y que observa la corriente para llegar a una corriente de meseta; caracterizado por que el potencial aplicado se desconecta y se observa la disminución posterior del potencial para obtener una pluralidad de puntos de datos de potencial (V) versus tiempo (t), y se determina la pendiente k de una gráfica de V versus 1/√t, la pendiente proporciona una indicación del espesor de la capa de polímero. A method for determining the thickness of an enzyme-containing polymer layer (21, 121, 123) in an implantable biosensor comprising an electrode (20) coated by the polymer layer, said method comprising the steps of bringing the biosensor into contact with a solution (22; 122) and applying a potential to the biosensor sufficient to oxidize or reduce a redox active species in the solution and generate a current, and observing the current to arrive at a plateau current; characterized in that the applied potential is turned off and the subsequent decay of the potential is observed to obtain a plurality of data points of potential (V) versus time (t), and the slope k of a plot of V versus 1/√ is determined t, the slope provides an indication of the thickness of the polymer layer.

Solenoid actuated butterfly valve

A butterfly valve (100) and a valve system using the butterfly valve are disclosed. The butterfly valve includes a valve body (102) and a valve disk (112) disposed in the body such that the valve disk may be rotated between at least a first position and a second position using a linear actuator. The actuator may be a linear solenoid coupled to the valve disk spaced a distance from the axis of rotation of the valve disk.

Multivalent antibodies and uses therefor. Multivalent antibodies and uses thereof.

Lancet cartridges and lancing devices

A lancet cartridge has a U-shaped support with a pair of anchor portions, a base portion, and a pair of deformable leg portions connecting the anchor portions to the base portion. The pair of deformable leg portions change shape from an initial shape to an extended shape in response to an external applied force and recover to a retracted shape upon removal of the force. The lancet cartridge also has a lancet having a tip end, an opposing base end, and an axis extending between the tip end and the base end. A portion of the lancet is disposed between the pair of deformable leg portions of the U-shaped support. The lancet is movable between a starting position, an extended puncturing position, and an ending position along the axis of the lancet in a path defined by the U-shaped support. When the lancet is in the starting position, the tip end of the lancet is disposed at least partially through the base portion of the U-shaped support, and the U-shaped support is in the initial shape. When the lancet is in the extended puncturing position, the tip end of the lancet is extended through the base of the U-shaped support, and the U-shaped support is in the extended shape. When the U-shaped support recovers to its retracted shape upon removal of the force, the lancet is retracted to the end position.

Energy activated printing process

给出了反应性油墨和在基材上使用反应性且热激活的油墨产生图像的方法。在基材上印刷图像，而不使该油墨中的反应试剂反应。随后，使该反应试剂反应而将图像显著持久且牢固地固定到基材上。还将印刷的升华或类似热激活的染料印刷在该基材上。该升华或类似热激活的染料被激活，并且对施加到基材上的聚合物具有亲合性。

Method and apparatus for making insulating translucent panel assemblies

A method of making an insulating translucent panel assembly (10) such as a window or door lite is provided. In the method, a spacer (16) between two translucent panels (12) of glass or plastic includes a thermo- responsive sealing material (22). When heat and compression are applied to the spacer (16), the thermo-responsive sealing material (22) softens and fully seals the spacer (16) to the two translucent panels (12). A spacer (16) designed to be used in this method is also provided.

Patent DE4028660C2

Liquid flourescent dye concentrate for flow cytometry evaluation of virus-size particles and related products and methods

A kit, and method for flow cytometry include a liquid dye concentrate for fluorescent staining of virus-size particles with a plurality of fluorogenic dyes in a liquid medium. The liquid dye concentrate includes a plurality of fluorogenic dyes and one or both of (i) the liquid medium comprising a liquid mixture including water and liquid phase organic material and (ii) disaccharide dissolved in the liquid medium.

Electrochemical analyte detection apparatus and method

A method and apparatus for electrochemical detection of analyte in a sample makes use of a binding interaction and relies on the discovery that asymmetric distribution of a redox enzyme between two electrodes that occurs when a redox enzyme-containing reagent is immobilized at the surface of one electrode can be detected as a chemical potential gradient arising from an asymmetry in the distribution of oxidized or reduced redox substrate. This chemical potential gradient can be detected potentiometrically by observing the potential difference between the electrodes in an open circuit, or amperometrically by observing the current flow between the electrodes when the circuit is closed. In both cases, the observation of asymmetry can be done without the application of an external potential or current to the electrodes.

Measuring device and methods for use therewith

The ability to switch at will between amperometric measurements and potentiometric measurements provides great flexibility in performing analyses of unknowns. Apparatus and methods can provide such switching to collect data from an electrochemical cell. The cell may contain a reagent disposed to measure glucose in human blood.

Data collection system and interface

Vial for test strips

A diagnostic test strip vial has a container, a lid, and a plurality of diagnostic test strips. The container has a generally annular wall terminating at a base and at an open mouth. The lid has a top and a lifting tray connected to the top by a connector that is sufficiently long that the distance between the top and the lifting tray is at least as long as the length of a diagnostic test strip and sufficiently short that the top may engage the open mouth of the container to close the vial when the lifting tray is engaged with the inner side of the annular wall of the container. The test strips are disposed on the lifting tray which is sized to slidably engage the inner side of the annular wall of the container.

Method of constructing and executing a process

Disclosed is a method of constructing and executing a process. A conventional process is minutely divided into minimum unit subprocesses, and the minutely divided subprocesses are classified into a decision subprocesses and a routine subprocess by whether they require decision-making. Any subprocess which is executable using the setup condition in a specific decision subprocess is classified into the routine subprocess in such a manner that the classified routine subprocess follows on the specific decision subprocess. One or a series of decision subprocesses are combined with one or a series of routine subprocesses which are executable on the condition of the completion of the decision subprocesses to form one unit process, and a job-support computer program is created to allow the plurality of subprocesses included in the one unit process to be successively executed. A plurality of subprocesses which are executable in accordance with common input data are detected from the minutely divided minimum unit subprocesses, and a job flow is constructed to allow the respective jobs in the plurality of subprocesses to be simultaneously initiated and executed in parallel. The present invention can drastically reduce the lead-time of a process while facilitating execution of the entire process with high efficiency.

Enclosed proximity switch assembly

An enclosed proximity switch assembly includes a top enclosure and a bottom enclosure that are coupled to form an interior volume. A shaft protrusion upwardly extends from a top surface of the top enclosure, and an interior bore portion having an enclosed volume is defined within the shaft protrusion to form a portion of the interior volume. A first end of a vertical shaft is rotatably disposed within the interior bore portion such that the shaft rotates relative to the top and bottom enclosures. A samarium cobalt target magnet is coupled to the shaft, and the target magnet interacts with a samarium cobalt driver magnet within a proximity switch when the target magnet is rotated within a predetermined distance of a top portion of the proximity switch. The interaction causes a switch to move from a first state to a second state, or vice versa.

Method and apparatus for assay of electrochemical properties

Vial for test strips

A diagnostic test strip vial has a container, a lid, and a plurality of diagnostic test strips. The container has a generally annular wall terminating at a base and at an open mouth. The lid has a top and a lifting tray connected to the top by a connector that is sufficiently long that the distance between the top and the lifting tray is at least as long as the length of a diagnostic test strip and sufficiently short that the top may engage the open mouth of the container to close the vial when the lifting tray is engaged with the inner side of the annular wall of the container. The test strips are disposed on the lifting tray which is sized to slidably engage the inner side of the annular wall of the container.

Electrochemical test strips

Method and apparatus for assay of electrochemical properties

A method for monitoring a select analyte in a sample in an electrochemical system. The method includes applying to the electrochemical system a time-varying potential superimposed on a DC potential to generate a signal; and discerning from the signal a contribution from the select analyte by resolving an estimation equation based on a Faradaic signal component and a nonfaradaic signal component.

Component of printed circuit boards

A component (10) for use in manufacturing articles, such as printed circuit boards, comprising a laminate constructed of a sheet of copper foil (20) that, in a finished circuit board, constitutes a functional element, and a sheet of carbon steel (14) having a layer of an inert metal (16) thereon, the sheet of carbon steel (14) constituting a discardable element. One surface (22) of the copper sheet (20) and the surface (18) of the inert metal layer (16) on the carbon steel sheet (14) are essentially uncontaminated and engageable with each other at interfaces. The copper sheet (20) is attached to the inner metal layer (16) of the carbon steel (14) at their borders and defines substantially uncontaminated central zones inwardly of the edges of the sheets that are unjoined at the interfaces.

Method and apparatus for providing stable voltage to analytical system

An electrochemical cell has two load electrodes. One of the load electrodes is connected to a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) power supply and to a voltmeter. The other load electrode is connected to circuitry capable of switching between amperometric and potentiometric measurement modes. A sequence of successive approximations permits selection of a PWM duty cycle giving rise to a desired voltage at the load electrode connected with the power supply. In this way a stable excitation voltage is supplied to the cell even in the face of supply voltage instability or drift or instability in electronics coupled with the cell.

Data generating device, data generating method and data generating program

Analyte determination method and analyte meter

The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip.

Electrochemical test strip

An electrochemical test strip is formed from a first insulating substrate layer, a second substrate layer, and an intervening insulating spacer layer. An opening in the insulating spacer layer defines a test cell which is in contact with the inner surface of the first substrate on one side and the inner surface of the second substrate on the other side. The size of the test cell is determined by the area of substrate exposed and the thickness of the spacer layer. Working and counter electrodes appropriate for the analyte to be detected are disposed on the first insulating substrate in a location within the test cell. The working and counter electrodes are associated with conductive leads that allow connection of the electrodes to a meter for dertermination of analyte. The second substrate is conductive at least in a region facing the working and counter electrodes. No functional connection of this conductive surface of the second substrate to the meter is required. When a potential difference is applied between the working and counter electrodes, because of the presence of the conductive surface on the second substrate, the relevant diffusion length is not dependent on the distance between working and counter electrodes, but is instead dependent on the distance between the first and second substrates (i.e., on the thickness of the spacer layer). This means that shorter measurement times can be achieved without having to reduce the spacing of the working and counter electrodes.

Osmium Compound Useful as Redox Mediator

Bis-(4,4′dimethyl-2,2′bipyridyl) picolinate osmium complexes are useful as mediators in the electrochemical test strips, such as those used in the detection of glucose.

Analyte test strip and analyte meter device

A test strip with an incorporated optical waveguide and deflectors punched through the optical waveguide allows light to exit through a layer of the test strip and be detected by a photo detector. Using light and a photodetector, these uniquely coded strips are identified. The waveguide can be constructed by sandwiching two layers of the test strip around a light transmissible layer. This configuration allows light to be transmitted through the test strip and out the other end, as well as allowing some light to escape the deflector. This light is detected by a photodetector mounted in the analyte test meter. The deflectors may be placed in patterns such that detection of this light indicates certain characteristics of the strip, such as non-counterfeit, regional identification, type of analyte tested, and coding information.

Integrated blood glucose measurement device

A portable combination for measuring a glucose concentration value in a sample has a portable glucose meter (GM) having a test strip port for receiving a disposable electrochemical test strip, means for calculating a glucose concentration value in a sample applied to a test strip received in the test strip port, and optionally a rechargeable GM battery. Next the combi-nation has a portable rechargeable supplemental battery pack (SBP). The combination also has a web enabled portable device (WEPD) having a rechargeable WEPD battery and a wireless connection to the internet. The GM, the SBP, and the WEPD are electrically coupled to allow power transfer between the GM, the SBP, and the WEPD. The GM and the WEPD are communica-tively coupled to allow for data transfer between the GM and the WEPD. The GM and SBP are detachable from and reattachable to the WEPD to form the portable combination. Lastly the combination has means for managing battery operations of the combi-nation. These means are effective to cause the GM to draw operating power first from the SBP, second from the WEPD battery, and third from the GM battery, if the GM battery is present.

Method and apparatus for providing stable voltage to analytical system

An electrochemical cell has two load electrodes. One of the load electrodes is connected to a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) power supply and to a voltmeter. The other load electrode is connected to circuitry capable of switching between amperometric and potentiometric measurement modes. A sequence of successive approximations permits selection of a PWM duty cycle giving rise to a desired voltage at the load electrode connected with the power supply. In this way a stable excitation voltage is supplied to the cell even in the face of supply voltage instability or drift or instability in electronics coupled with the cell.

Systems and methods for providing, reloading, and redeeming stored value cards used in transit applications

The invention is directed to systems and methods of conducting transactions associated with a transit card. A method of conducting transactions may be conducted between a processor and a transit processor. Steps may include receiving a redemption request and determining if it is a pre-authorization request or a redemption; if the redemption request is a pre-authorization request, determining if the account is authorized for a particular transit type. If the account is authorized, communicating approval to the transit processor. If the account is not authorized communicating denial. If the redemption request is a redemption: determining if account value is sufficient to pay the redemption amount; if not, denying and if so approving the transaction and deducting the amount, and determining if the account value is below a pre-determined threshold for a particular transit types, and if so, updating the status of the account at a data store.

Method and apparatus for assay of electrochemical properties

A method for monitoring a select analyte in a sample in an electrochemical system. The method includes applying to the electrochemical system a time-varying potential superimposed on a DC potential to generate a signal; and discerning from the signal a contribution from the select analyte by resolving an estimation equation based on a Faradaic signal component and a nonfaradaic signal component.

Test strip coding and quality measurement

A test strip and analytical apparatus have pin connections permitting the definition of geographic regions or of particular customers. A test strip made for use in a particular region or for a particular customer will have pin connections matching features of the apparatus made for use in that region or by that customer. Insertion of the strip into the apparatus does not merely turn on the apparatus, but provides the regional or the customer coding. Analog switches within the apparatus allow coding of a larger number of distinct regions or customers than would otherwise be possible, all without degrading the quality of the measurements made of the fluid being tested. Conductive paths in the strips permit testing the strips during manufacture so as to detect quality lapses regarding the printing of deposition of the paths.

Determination of partial fill in electrochemical strips

Partial fill of an electrochemical test strip is determined by making a DC determination of double layer capacitance from charging or discharging charge on a test strip containing sample, for example a blood sample to be tested for glucose. The measured double layer capacitance is compared to a reference value. The double layer capacitance may be determined as an integral or differential capacitance. Double layer capacitance may also be used for quality control to monitor the quality of electrode formation, particularly in strips using screen printed electrodes.

Method for determination of analyte concentrations and related apparatus

A method is provided for determining analyte concentrations, for example glucose concentrations, that utilizes a dynamic determination of the appropriate time for making a glucose measurement, for example when a current versus time curve substantially conforms to a Cottrell decay, or when the current is established in a plateau region. Dynamic determination of the time to take the measurement allows each strip to operate in the shortest appropriate time frame, thereby avoiding using an average measurement time that may be longer than necessary for some strips and too short for others.

Apparatus and method for use of large liquid crystal display with small driver

An apparatus has (1) a liquid crystal display driver having N common drive lines and M segment drive lines; (2) a liquid crystal display having Q common drive leads and R segment drive leads, and (3) P multiplexers. N, M. P, Q and R are each integers greater than zero; Q is greater than N, or R is greater than M, or Q is greater than N and R is greater than M; the multiplexers contain a plurality of switches, wherein the number of switches is equal to (Q minus N) plus (R minus M) and each switch defines a normally-open contact, a normally closed contact and a common contact; the N common drive lines connect directly or through one or more multiplexers with the Q common drive leads, and the M segment drive lines connect directly or through one or more multiplexers with the R segment drive leads. The apparatus may also include a cancel circuit connected to the switches preferably connected to an unused segment drive line to provide a cancel signal.

Analyte detection meter and associated method of use

A method for obtaining information encoded on an electrochemical test strip is provided. The test strip has two electrodes disposed within a sample space and the information is encoded on the test strip prior to introduction of liquid sample. The method includes the step of introducing sample to the sample space so that the sample is in contact with the two electrodes within the sample space. In another step a value is determined that is representative of the double layer capacitance of the test strip and/or the equivalent capacitance of the test strip. The determined value is then translated into information reflecting a characteristic of the test strip prior to introduction of sample.

Analyte test strip and analyte meter device

A test strip with an incorporated optical waveguide and deflectors punched through the optical waveguide allows light to exit through a layer of the test strip and be detected by a photo detector. Using light and a photodetector, these uniquely coded strips are identified. The waveguide can be constructed by sandwiching two layers of the test strip around a light transmissible layer. This configuration allows light to be transmitted through the test strip and out the other end, as well as allowing some light to escape the deflector. This light is detected by a photodetector mounted in the analyte test meter. The deflectors may be placed in patterns such that detection of this light indicates certain characteristics of the strip, such as non-counterfeit, regional identification, type of analyte tested, and coding information.

Analyte detection meter and associated method of use

A method for obtaining information encoded on an electrochemical test strip is provided. The test strip has two electrodes disposed within a sample space and the information is encoded on the test strip prior to introduction of liquid sample. The method includes the step of introducing sample to the sample space so that the sample is in contact with the two electrodes within the sample space. In another step a value is determined that is representative of the double layer capacitance of the test strip and/or the equivalent capacitance of the test strip. The determined value is then tanslated into information reflecting a characteristic of the test strip prior to introdution of sample.