PROCESS FOR PURIFYING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING ALUMINATES

CATHODE POT FOR AN ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE BODIES FOR ITS SIDEWALL

A cathode pot for the electrolytic production of aluminum has composite bodies which line the sidewalls of the steel shell (1a) and are bonded to the carbon floor elements (22) such that a seal is formed. The inner side (10) of the said composite is of carbonaceous material and the outer side (12) of a hard ceramic material. This conducts the electric current poorly but conducts heat well, is resistant to molten aluminum and the prevailing atmosphere of the process, and has a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to that of carbon. The intimate joining together of the two sides (10, 12) permits almost unhindered flow of heat from inside to outside. The composite bodies are manufactured in layers, mechanically compacted and baked or graphitised in packing powder. (Figure 6) ...

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COARSE, CRYSTALLINE ALUMINA

The invention relates to a process for manufacturing coarse, crystalline alumina which, after preparation in a generally known manner, is suitable for use as grinding, lapping and polishing materials. The process comprises the calcining of alumina from dry absorption scrubbing units employed in connection with fused salt reduction cells producing aluminum.

PROCESS FOR CONCENTRATING WASTE PRODUCTS ARISING DURING THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON ELECTRODES, AND AN APPROPRIATE ABSORBENT FOR THIS PURPOSE

The solid, liquid and gaseous waste products which arise during the manufacture of carbon electrodes are concentrated; first, the solid electrode waste is mixed with the carbon-rich dusts from crushing operations, and with lime or lime and gypsum from a wet scrubbing operation; by means of grinding and screening the mixture is converted to a suitable range of fine particulate sizes, then fed continuously as adsorbent material through a dry scrubbing unit through which is passed the gaseous- waste that also contains fractions of fluid waste; the thus charged adsorbent is combusted together with oily waste in a low temperature fluidised bed boiler; the resultant ash and slag which contain the pollutants as non-hazardous calcium sulfate or calcium fluoride are transported to a dumping site; in this way the waste products and fumes arising during production of carbon electrodes are concentrated economically and without disadvantage to the quality and constancy of the product; the adsorbent ...

VEHICLE CHASSIS

An aluminum chassis for road or railway vehicles is such that the transverse beams (3) are continuous and are attached to the longitudinal beams (2) by means of anglepieces (6) using threaded bolts (20,23) and nuts (21) or, in particular, parallelogram-shaped nuts (24). The transverse beams (3) and, if desired, the longitudinal sections (4) of the frame - which can also function as longitudinal beams - feature undercut channels (9) in which the nuts (24) engage. This type of construction offers various advantages that are realised in the assembly of the chassis and in repairing damaged vehicles.

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HIGHLY ACTIVE, DISPERSED LOW APPARENT DENSITY ALUMINUM HYDRATE AND SHAPED COMPONENTS MADE OF LOW APPARENT DENSITY ALUMINUM OXIDE, AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SAID SHAPED COMPONENTS

The invention relates to a process for manufacturing highly active, dispersed aluminum hydroxide, of low apparent density . First, unground, very fine grained aluminum tri-hydroxide, of which more than 99 % of the grains are at most 3 .mu.m in size, is introduced continuously into a reactor along with a stream of hot dry air, is whirled up and strongly dispersed, heated to 400-600.degree.C and shock dehydrated. The low apparent density aluminum oxide flowing out of the reactor in the hot air stream is precipitated out by suitable mechanical means, dispersed in mildly acidic or mildly basic water and rehydrated with the aid of heating. The invention also relates to shaped components of highly active, dispersed low apparent density aluminum oxide having a specific surface area of at least 200 m2/g, a pore volume of more than 1.2 cm3/g and adequate resistance to fracture and wear. The shaped components are in particular produced by treating low apparent density aluminum oxide with rehydrated ...

LUBRICANT FOR METAL STRIP

A lubricant composition for metal strip comprises as lubricating agent an aluminum or magnesium salt of a saturated C11 to C19 monocarboxylic acid, or a mixture of such aluminum and magnesium monocarboxylic acid salts, in admixture with at least one dispersion agent suitable for depositing the lubricating agent on a surface of the metal strip from a dispersion, the lubricating agent is present in an amount of at least 60 weight % based on the total weight of the composition. The lubricant composition of the invention is particularly suitable for blank and painted strips made of aluminum or aluminum alloys and used for packaging, in particular for the packaging of foodstuffs.

ABSORPTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD LINES IN ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION CELLS

The vertical magnetic force lines in electrolytic reduction cells, in particular in cells for the production of aluminum, are absorbed by a device comprising the steel pot shell and a covering which covers the upper part of the cell and is magnetically connected to the steel shell. The effect of this covering is uniform over the whole of the cell. The covering is made of a magnetic material which conducts well, and it can for example be in the form of a hood, frame or cross bars.

ELECTROPNEUMATIC DRIVE SYSTEM FOR CRUST BREAKING DEVICES AND PROCESS FOR OPERATING THE SAME

The drive system for cells for fused salt electrolytic production of aluminum is supplied with compressed air via a compressed air network with compressor and compressed air reservoir. It comprises at least one working cylinder with piston and piston rod, a slide valve situated after the junction from the compressed air network, compressed air pipes and a microprocessor. During the thrust movement in the normal work cycle, the working cylinder forms a circuit together with a 5/2 channeling valve a 3/2 channeling valve and the related compressed air pipelines; the said circuit is fed compressed air via a pressure reducing valve and the compressed air pipeline running from it. By briefly switching over the 5/2 channeling valve normal pressure can be employed and the positive chamber of the working cylinder evacuated, as a result of which the thrusting force supplied by the system can be greatly increased.

FREIGHT CONTAINER FOR AIR TRANSPORT

... 87-395 A freight container for air transport has a support frame which is arranged on a baseplate, sections rising from the baseplate and transverse sections, connecting these, for a container roof, sheeting which at least partially fills in the support frame. One side of the freight container is provided with a loading opening, immediately adjoining the lateral loading opening, there is a gap in the container roof and this gap can be closed by a pivotable or displaceable portion of the container roof.

ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT IN A CELL FOR MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINUM FROM MOLTEN SALTS

The durability of oxide-ceramic anodes can be increased, if the aluminum surface (22) in direct contact with the molten electrolyte (16), which lies opposite the active anode surface, is smaller than the active anode surface. The separated aluminum is collected on the floor (14) of the carbon lining (10), it is sub-divided by insulating material (34,36) in pools (38), which are connected together by means of tubes or channels (40). The total of all the aluminum surfaces (22) exposed to the melt (16) amounts to 10-90% of the active anode surface. (Fig. 1) ...

INTEGRALLY BONDED GASKET FOR CERAMIC FOAM FILTER

A method for integrally bonding a gasket seal to the bevelled peripheral surface of a ceramic foam filter used in the filtration of molten metal, comprising positioning a ceramic slurry impregnated flexible organic material or a ceramic foam filter in a mold having dimensions corresponding to the desired size of the final filter product, so as to form a gap between the peripheral surface of the flexible material or foam filter and the mold, feeding a ceramic fibre slurry to the gap, and drying and firing in the case of the flexible material or drying in the case of the foam filter.

MOLD WITH ROUGHENED SURFACE FOR CASTING METALS

A mold provided with a roughened surface for casting metals is so that, on first contact of the mold with the melt, heat transfer is controlled in such a way that the melt comes into contact only with the peaks of the projections on the mold surface and an air gap is formed between the melt and the valleys on the surface. The pattern of roughness on the mold surface comprises a uniform arrangement of pyrimidal or blunted-cone shaped projections. Neighbouring projections are spaced a distance d of 0.05 to 1 mm apart and have a height h of 0.1 d --<-- h --<-- d. The pyramid or blunted cone surfaces f satisfy the condition 0.05 --<--f/d2--<--0.5. A process which does not involve deformation is preferred for producing the rough pattern, for example, a photochemical etching process. The molds are suitable for many casting processes, in particular for continuous D.C. ingot or strip casting with moving molds and caterpillar track type mold belts.

PROCESS FOR DEGREASE ANNEALING THIN STRIP AND FOIL MADE OF ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS

On degrease annealing of thin strip and foil made of aluminum and aluminum alloys in an annealing furnace ozone is introduced into the furnace atmosphere. As a result of this the annealing time can be shortened or the annealing temperature lowered. Likewise the tendency for the foil to stick together when in coiled form is markedly reduced.

PROCESS FOR REGULATING THE ABSORPTION OR DISCHARGE OF ENERGY, AS WELL AS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCESS

The present invention resides in a method for controlling the energy to be applied to or to be taken from a material phase to respectively heat it up or cool it down comprising the steps of determining at the beginning data characteristics of the energy absorption or delivery capacity of said material phase; calculating therefrom and from the knowledge of an energy state of the material phase to be reached or to be passed through, the needed energy application or removal time function; and controlling heating or cooling means for said material phase according to said function.

PROCESS FOR COOLING A CONTINUOUSLY CAST STRAND OF METAL DURING CASTING

A continuously cast strand or ingot of metal is cooled as it emerges from the mold by applying a coolant directly to the surface of the strand. In order to prevent distortion at the foot of the ingot due to too abrupt cooling, polymers of molecular weight 104 - 108 are added to the coolant at least during the initial phase of casting. By the addition of polymers to the coolant the kinetics of formation and discharge of vapour bubbles as the coolant strikes the ingot surface are significantly altered due to the reduction in the surface tension of the coolant; as a result of this an insulating film of coolant vapour forms on the surface of the ingot thus reducing the heat flow from the ingot.

PRESSURE CYLINDER SYSTEM FOR A CRUST BREAKING FACILITY

The invention relates to a pneumatically or hydraulically driven pressure cylinder system for a crust breaking facility used to break open the crust on an electrolytic cell, in particular a cell used for producing aluminum. The pressure cylinder system comprises a positioning cylinder with piston rod and a working cylinder with piston rod on the same longitudinal axis.

FILLER METAL FOR WELDING ALUMINUM ALLOYS

Filler metal for welding aluminum base alloys obtains improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The composition of the filler metal includes a copper addition which suppresses weld boundary corrosion. High weld strengths are attained using the said filler metal. The filler metal consists essentially of in weight %: zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%; magnesium up to 5.5%; copper from 0.2 to 0.5%; manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%; titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%: chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; and the balance aluminum.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IN-LINE DEGASSING AND FILTRATION OF MOLTEN METAL

The disclosure teaches an improvement in the degassing and filtration of molten metal, especially aluminum, using an apparatus which employs a pair of sequentially placed, removable filter-type plates and at least one fluxing gas inlet positioned therebetween. Fluxing gas is provided to the melt trough the inlet and flows upward through the first of said plates into counter-current contact with the melt. Said plate serves to break up said fluxing gas into a fine dispersion to assure its intimate and extensive contact with the molt. Dissolved gases and non-metallic inclusions are thereby abstracted and removed from the melt.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINIUM BY THE ELECTROLYSIS OF A MOLTEN CHARGE

The magnitude of the horizontal components of electrical current flowing through the aluminium on the cathode blocks of an electrolytic reduction cell are reduced by ensuring that the current transmitted decreases towards the edge of the electrolytic cell. This is achieved by making the contact resistance between the carbon lining and the cathode bars embedded in the carbon cathode blocks increase towards the edge of the cell. The result is that the tendency for the melt to bulge upwards and the consequent stirring effect, as is the case with known processes and apparatus, is considerably reduced.

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PLASTICALLY DEFORMED LIGHT METAL OBJECTS AND SHAPED BODIES HAVING A LIGHT METAL PART

Manufacture of a light metal shock absorber by impact extrusion of the light metal of a steel-light metal composite blank, whereby the metallic bonding in this blank was achieved by coextrusion. The steel component on the bottom face of the light metal shock absorber is provided with a steel ring which was welded or otherwise appropriately joined during or after impact extrusion. Also the light metal sleeve of the shock absorber can - after impact extrusion - be welded or otherwise appropriately joined to light metal. The manufacture of a light metal shock absorber is a special case of plastic deformation of light metal, and the principles which lead to metallic bonding between light metal and steel or another metal are also valid here. The composite can be deformed in such a way that the steel component can be bent without decohesion occurring.

COMPOUND PANEL

METHOD OF PRODUCING A TOOL FOR THE NON-CUTTING WORKING OF MATERIALS

DEVICE FOR CONVEYING AND STORING OBJECTS

PRODUCTION OF GRAPHIC PATTERNS

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR FEEDING METAL INTO A MOLTEN METAL BATH

A process for feeding metal to molten metal, in particular for the purpose of melting solid metal such as scrap metal or dross granules, is such that at least part of the melt is divided and each divided part set into motion rotating in opposite directions so that at least two rotating streams or "rolls" of molten metal are produced; the central axes of these rotating streams of molten metal form an angle. The metal is charged at the place where the two "rolls" of molten metal meet. The "rolls" of molten metal are produced by introducing the molten metal into a pair of pipe lengths approximately perpendicular to their central axes and approximately tangentially to the cross section of the said pipe lengths, the central axes forming an angle, or by causing the molten metal in the pipe lengths to rotate by means of electrodynamic forces. (fig 1).

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR OPERATING AN OPEN BAKING FURNACE FOR MANUFACTURING CARBON-BEARING SHAPED BODIES

Device and process for operation of open baking furnaces, in particular such ring-type furnaces for manufacturing anodes for the aluminum electrolytic process, are such that for each so called fire the sealing chamber and/or chamber in the cooling zone can be saved in that the flue gas exhaust manifold is not situated on the headwall but instead on the flue (11), and/or the opening (36) of that headwall (25) on which the last fresh air supply manifold is situated is closed off by a sliding baffle (51). Openings (34) corresponding in cross section to that of the connected part of the flue gas exhaust manifold (40) are provided in the region of the flues (11,12,13,14). The advantage of the process lies in the greater flexibility in furnace operation, which results either in an increase in production or an increase in product quality. (Fig. 1) ...

PROCESS FOR MIXING AND COOLING ELECTRODE MATERIAL

A mixture which is used for the manufacture of electrodes and comprises dry material and electrode binding agent. The mixture is prepared in a system which is at least in part dust and gas-tight and such that the mixture is simultaneously stirred up or fluidised, degassed and homogenised, and treated thermally. In the course of such treatment further additions can be made to the mixture. The described procedure takes place mainly in mixers operating continuously or discontinuously, various arrangements and designs of mixer being possible. Fundamental to the thermal treatment is that the mixture can be cooled in a mixer such that the coolant vaporises completely during the mixing. The thermal treatment is regulated by way of given operational parameters.

PROCESS FOR SEPARATING THE OUTER SHEETS OF A METAL/PLASTIC/METAL COMPOSITE PANEL FROM THE PLASTIC CORE

In order to recycle the scrap arising from the production and cutting to size of metal/plastic/metal composite panels, the metal must be separated from the plastic. By the process according to the invention the scrap pieces of composite panel are fed through the gap between two parallel, heated rolls, at least one of the rolls being power driven and the width of the roll gap being smaller than the thickness of the composite panel. On passing through the roll gap the cover sheets on the composite panel separate from the plastic core under the action of pressure, shear forces and heat.

FILTER MEDIUM IN THE FORM OF A STABLE POROUS BODY

Filter medium in the form of a stable porous body Filter medium in the form of a stable porous body of granules of spherical form bonded together by a different phase or by sintering. Preferably hollow spherical granules of corundum are manufactured into filter media in plate form. The filter media are employed for filtration of molten metals preferably aluminium.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COARSE CRYSTALLINE ALUMINA

The invention describes a process for the production of coarse crystalline alumina from aluminum hydroxide, which after preparation by known methods is advantageously useful for abrasives, lapping and polishing purposes or for refractory materials. The processes are characterised by aluminum hydroxide, either directly or after previous partial dehydration in the range 200-550.degree.C, being added with a mineraliser of compound type x(BF4)n whereby x stands for NH4 and metallic elements and n is for the formal valency of x, and subsequently is subjected to a temperature treatment between 750.degree.C and a value higher than the phase change temperature to .alpha.-Al2O3.

PROCESS FOR COOLING AN INGOT DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING

The cooling of a continuously cast ingot of metal as it emerges from the mold is carried out by applying coolant directly to the ingot surface. In order to reduce the amount of curvature at the foot of the ingot due to too rapid cooling, a substance which releases a gas as a product of decomposition on striking the hot ingot surface is added to the coolant at least during the initial phase of casting. This gas forms an insulating film on the ingot surface thus reducing the rate of heat extraction. Particularly suitable for this purpose are substances which produce carbon dioxide or nitrogen as decomposition product.

ARRANGEMENT OF BUSBARS FOR ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION CELLS

ARRANGEMENT OF BUSBARS FOR ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION CELLS An arrangement of busbars leads the direct electric current from a transverse electrolytic cell (10) - in particular such a cell for producing aluminium - to the anode beam (38) of the next cell (12). The self consistent magnetic field of the cell (10) is almost completely compensated if, at the upstream cathode bar ends (16), at least two individual or groups of cathode busbars (18) and connecting busbars (20, 22) lead to a busbar (28,42) connected to the downstream cathode bar ends (30) or to a riser (36, 40). A part of the connecting busbar (20) runs completely under the cell at the middle; the other part likewise runs under the cell until it is in the region of the longitudinal axis (L) where it follows this axis until it projects out beyond the end wall (24) of the cell (10), and finally runs along the cell.

FLAME RESISTANT COMPOSITE PANEL AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE

The invention relates to a flame resistant composite panel which can be shaped at room temperature with non-chip-for-ming processes and is made of a core of foamed thermoplastic material with metallic cover layers on both sides joined to the core by means of adhesive layers. Composite panels of the above kind which have a plastic core containing e.g. polyolefines suffer from the disadvantage of having unfavourable flammability characteristics which are expressed in DIN 4102 as belonging to the classification of being of normal combustibility. For this reason such composite panels find only limited application, and in addition they can not be plastically deformed. The disadvantages associated with such composite panels are avoided by a number of measures such as providing the foamed rigid PVC core with a special surface finish which permits the use of a relatively thin layer of adhesive between the core and both cover sheets.

MEANS OF ANCHORING A CATHODE BAR IN PLACE

In a cell for producing aluminum by fused salt electrolysis the direct electric current is led off via iron cathode bars; these are situated in channels in carbon blocks and are held in place for example by cast iron cast-in around them; each side-wall of the channel features a recess which extends the whole length of the carbon block and which accommodates the liquid cast iron; in the working position these recesses in the upper part of the channel feature inclined faces which widen outwards towards the opening in the channel and join up at their lower end with supporting faces which are approximately horizontal and terminate at the corresponding side-wall; the inclination (a) of the conical side-walls to the vertical is preferably between 3 and 15.degree..

CATHODE OF ALUMINIDE OF GROUPS IV A, VA, OR VI A FOR PRODUCING ALUMINUM

An exchangeable, wettable solid cathode for a fused salt electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum is made out of at least one aluminide of the groups IV A, V A or VI A of the periodic system of elements. A titanium aluminide of the Y-phase has been shown to be particularly favourable for this purpose. ~ ...

MOLD LINK OF A CATERPILLAR TYPE MOLD

A machine for continuously casting metal features a caterpillar type mold with a mold link which bears a plate (5) forming the actual mold workface (6). At least one of the long edges (7) of this plate is chamfered towards the mold workface. As a result thermal expansion occuring during operation of the machine is taken into account so that the work face (6) of the mold is not deformed. (figure 2) ...

CELL FOR ELECTROLYTIC PURIFICATION OF ALUMINUM

A thermally insulated cell for electrolytic purification of aluminum comprises a trough with a steel shell which is surrounded by an outer wall, is lined with a material which is resistant to electrolyte and high temperatures, and is closed by a lid; an electrolyte based on alkali metal chlorides; segregation wells for the addition of aluminum which is to be purified and for the precipitation of impurity crystals; a supply means which is used to feed-in electrolyte material and is also conceived as a waste gas extractor; a collection and run-off system for the high purity aluminum; provided in the interior of the cell are bipolar electrode units which are connected electrically in series and are arranged immersed in the electrolyte parallel to the end electrodes; the electrode units comprise graphite frames closed and sealed off by diaphragm plates, which can be wet by the electrolyte but not by the aluminum; the inter polar distance between the inner side of the diaphragm plate and the ...

PROCESS FOR THE ELECTROLYSIS OF A MOLTEN CHARGE USING INCONSUMABLE BI-POLAR ELECTRODES

A process for the production of metals by the electrolysis of metal compounds dissolved in a molten electrolyte, in particular for the production of aluminum from aluminum oxide. The electric power is passed through a multi-cell furnace with at least one inconsumable bi-polar electrode, made of electrode materials which are compatible with one another. The anions, in particular, the oxygen ions of the dissolved metal compounds have their charges removed on the surface of the electron conductive ceramic oxide anode and the metal ions, in particular the aluminum ions have their charges removed on the surface of the cathode which is made of a different material from that used for the anode surface.

REVOLVING DOOR WITH SECURITY LOCKING MECHANISM

A revolving door assembly comprising a cylindrical vertically extended door housing, a vertically mounted door comprising a plurality of radially extended leaves connected to a central axis, and a canopy mounted above said door and integral with said housing, said canopy having mounted therein a linearly elongated radiant energy emitting device providing a rectangular, planar energy field, said device mounted in radial relation to the axis of said door and adapted upon the interruption of any portion of the energy filed thereof to actuate the locking of said door in position whereby escape from a portion of said housing is prevented.

CERAMIC FOAM FILTER

The present invention provides a highly efficient ceramic roam material for use in filtering molten metal, especially molten aluminum. The ceramic roam material of the present invention is characterized by having an open cell structure with a plurality of interconnected voids surrounded by a web of said ceramic material. The filter of the present invention is further characterized by a combination of critical properties, as air permeability, porosity or void fraction and thickness.

ELECTROLYSIS OF A MOLTEN CHARGE USING INCONSUMABLE ELECTRODES

Process for operating a coil for the electrolysis of a molten charge, in particular aluminum oxide, with one or more anodes the working surfaces of which are of ceramic oxide material, anode for carrying out the process. In the process a current density above a minimum value is maintained over the whole anode surface which comes into contact with the molten electrolyte. An anode for carrying out the process is provided at least in the region of the interface between electrolyte and surrounding atmosphere, the three phase zone, with a protective ring of electrically insulating material which is resistant to attack by the electrolyte. The anode may be fitted with a current distributor for attaining a better current distribution.

PROCESS FOR CLEANING ROLLING LUBRICANT

Lubrication oils used in rolling strip and foil in the light metal industing are contaminated with fine metallic particles during rolling. The process described here allows these oils to be cleaned either continuously or in a batch process by adding a strongly alkaline solution to the warm contaminated oil whereby these fine particles coagulate and can be separated out by means of centrifuging or filtering.

PROCESS FOR THE ELECTROLYSIS OF A MOLTEN CHARGE USING INCONSUMABLE ANODES

A process for the electrolysis of a molten charge in particular of aluminum oxide, in a cell which is fitted with one or more anodes whose working surfaces are of ceramic oxide material. Parts of the anode surfaces which are not protected by sufficiently high current density, are subjected to a stream of oxidising gas.

CATHODE FOR A REDUCTION POT FOR THE ELECTROLYSIS OF A MOLTEN CHARGE

A wettable cathode for an electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of a molten charge, in particular for the production of aluminum, where the said cathode comprises individual, exchangeable elements each with a component part for the supply of electrical power. The elements are connected electrically, via a supporting element, by molten metal which has separated out in the process. The interpolar distance between the anodes and the vertically movable cathode elements is at most 2 cm.

DRIVE MECHANISM FOR THE LEAF OR LEAVES OF A SLIDING DOOR OR THE LIKE

A drive mechanism for the leaf or leaves of a sliding door or the like comprises a rotatable shaft and at least one non-rotatable roller head which can be longitudinally displaced along the shaft when the shaft is rotated. The roller head comprises a plurality of rollers which are inclined to and in contact with the shaft. On rotating the shaft the roller head is displaced along the shaft due to the contact of the inclined rollers on the shaft. The lateral movement of the roller head may be transferred to the leaf of a sliding door or the like.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM

A process and electrolytic cell are described for the production of aluminum whereby the feeding of the cell with fresh alumina, including the breaking of the crust of solidified electrolyte, is carried out in at least one space running transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cell.

SUPERSTRUCTURE FOR ROAD AND RAIL VEHICLES

With known vehicle superstructures of the above kind it has been found that in many cases relatively large amounts of deformation and damage to parts of the floor and walls occur even when the collision is very slight, that the thermal insulation is inadequate and that noises are produced in the sidewalls and floor due to vibrations during the journey. With the new vehicle superstructure the external forces acting on the sidewall (14) are no longer transmitted directly to the floor (18) but reduced to a minimum level, which in most casesdoes not damage the floor (18), by means of a close-fit connection with built-in buffer zone (24). Also, the new design improves thermal insulation and markedly reduces the noises produced in the superstructure during a journey. Furthermore, the parts which have to be repaired can be readily removed and replaced.

COMPOSITE PLATE WELDING

EXTERNALLY INSULATED WINDOW MOUNTING

The externally insulated window mounting is employed in the sidewall frame of a railway passenger carriage. This carriage frame comprises sidewall sections (78) and post sections (10), an exchangeable outer skin (24) and in between an insulating material (80). The window mounting is releasably secured to the sidewall sections (78) and post sections (10). The inner frame (32), made up of at least four extrusion pieces spaced from the region of the window corners, features a lip (44) which serves as a sealing surface for the outer skin (24) and holds in place an outer, peripheral frame (46) with undercut groove (48). A lip (58) on the outer frame (46) pointing away from the window opening clamps the outer skin (24) securely and holds in place a mounting strip (64) of weather resistant, elastic material to retain the window glazing (42) in place. (Fig. 2) ...

PRODUCTION OF METAL FOIL COILS

OPERATION OF FURNACE FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC FUSION RECOVERY OF ALUMINIUM

APPARATUS FOR CLEANING EXHAUST AIR FROM A WORKSHOP

CARBON ANODE PROTECTIVE SLEEVE

ELECTROLYTIC CELL FOR THE REDUCTION OF FUSED METAL OXIDES

VEHICLE BODY IN PARTICULAR FOR RAILCARS

A vehicle body for railcars having endwalls and sidewalls of hollow metal sections connecting a roof and a floor comprising a floor having a first intermediate floor consisting of two portions extending from the endwalls toward each other, a second lower floor connected to the two extending portions and a third upper floor over the second floor wherein a plurality of triangular-shaped side plates connect the second lower floor and the third upper floor to the two extending portions at the corner of the side plates so as to uniformly distribute longitudinal forces to the floor while preventing the transfer of longitudinal forces to the sidewalls.

CARBON PASTE AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE

A carbon paste for self-calcining electrodes, refractory linings and connections of electrode joining points contains as binder bitumen comprising 70-90 wt-% hard bitumen and 10-30 wt-% soft bitumen. To increase the dry residue of the bitumen and to improve the burning-off properties of the mass, 0.3-2 wt-% of additives can be added, in particular Al, Al2O3, B, B2O3, Si and/or SiO2. The production of the carbon paste is such that the solid fraction is mixed at 130-180.degree.C to a homogeneous mass then the hart bitumen, followed by the soft bitumen added slowly in a highly fluid form accompanied by intensive stirring. The paste is then intensively mixed further and, after removing from the mixer, cooled.

ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY

An aluminum alloy of the AlCu type containing cadmium and manganese exhibits an optimum combination of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance. The alloy contains 4.0 to 5.0% copper, 0.1 to 0.2% cadmium and 0.2 to 1.0% manganese. The alloy is suitable for the production of high strength, tough and corrosion resistant extrusion products, and its main application is in aircraft construction.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES FROM MOLTEN METAL

CON-.146/192-M CON-146/192-M The disclosure teaches an improved method and apparatus for the treatment of liquids with gases and especially for use in the degassing and filtration of molten metal, especially aluminum, using an apparatus which employs a swirling tank reactor, The swirling tank reactor is in the form of a substantially cylindrical chamber and is characterized by having a liquid inlet at the top thereof and at least one gas inlet below said liquid inlet wherein at least the liquid inlet is positioned with respect to the wall of the cylindrical chamber for tangentially introducing said liquid such that the liquid swirlingly flows from said liquid inlet to a liquid outlet.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A COMPOSITE STRIP

The continuous production of a composite strip (10) with at least one core layer (7) of plastic and metal outer layers (8,8') on both sides is such that the superimposed layer. are subjected to heat and pressure as they are passed through at least one gap (3) between rolls (1,1') with parallel axes, the size of the said roll gap (3) being smaller than the total thickness of the layers before they are bonded together. A tensile force (Z) acting in the direction of movement (x) of the strip is applied to the strip (10) to lead the layers through the roll gap (3), and the rolls (1,1') are pulled round by the tensile force (Z) applied to the strip (10). The tensile force (Z) is transferred to the composite strip (10) via the rolls (5,5') of a pulling facility (A).

FREIGHT CONTAINER, IN PARTICULAR FOR AIR FREIGHT

A freight container (1), in particular a lightweight container (1) for air freight, having a support frame structure (3) which is secured to a container bottom (2) and which is formed from shaped bars or like strut members and which is at least partially covered or clad by a skin formed by sheet metal plates, fabric means or the like flat members, with a door (35) being provided within at least one area of the frame, is to be improved in such a way that it can be converted without cost into a so-called fork lift version and can also be restored to the normal version. For that purpose, provided in the interior (30) of the container, on the bottom plate (2), is an intermediate bottom member (52, 73) having channel-like shaped members (53; 72; 73) on its underside, the intermediate bottom member being releasably connected to the bottom plate and/or the support frame structure (3). In addition, the intermediate bottom member is preferably to be provided with U-shaped members (53), the free ...

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR ROUNDING OFF GRANULAR PARTICLES OF SOLID MATERIAL

Granular solid particles, in particular hard, comminuted material, of any shape are kept continuously in relative movement in a funnel-shaped container by means of a stream of fluid as a result of which they are rounded off. The rounded off particles are suitable as filler material for wear-resistant coatings.

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE FROM ORES

In this process for the manufacture of aluminum chloride ores containing aluminium oxide are activated by dehydration before being converted into the chloride by means of a chloridising and reducing gas mixture.

LOAD CARRYING PLATFORM OR BACK FOR VEHICLES

A back or load carrying platform of a vehicle is made out of a frame and elements made of light metal and has at least one holding device to which ropes or other load securing facilities can be attached to hold the load in position during transportation. This holding device is ring-shaped and is hinged in a recess in the frame around the platform from which, when required, it can be removed.

NON-RETURNABLE CONTAINER, COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO DISH-SHAPED PARTS JOINED TOGETHER

A non-returnable container is made from at least two dishshaped parts which have outward facing flanges joined together by a sealed seam and is intended for holding liquid and/or pasty, granular and/or powdery substances. The flanges of the dish-shaped parts, which are made of a metal-plastic composite are joined together by means of at least one sealed seam and are held in a bent position by means of a holding device.

ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION CELL WITH COMPENSATING COMPONENTS IN ITS MAGNETIC FIELD

The electric current leaving an electrolytic aluminum reduction cell leaves the long sides of the cell via cathode bars connected to at least four asymmetrical busbars which lead to the anode beam of the next cell. These busbars which lead the current off in opposite directions are arranged on both sides of the cell at various distances, whereby however, the distances of two diametrically positioned busbars from the central axis of the cell are equal.

COVERING FOR A CELL FOR FUSED SALT ELECTROLYSIS

The covering system for a conventional fused salt electrolytic cell for the reduction of aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum comprises individual lids butting onto each other at the sides and inclined downwards from the anode beam to the edges of the long sides of the reduction pot. The lids are provided with a support which rests on a rail when the anode beam is in the raised position. As the anode beam is lowered, the lids slide over the long edges of the pot, until they are supported by the stops mounted on the lower third part of the lid. On lowering the beam further, the supports slide on the anode beam. The anode rods are enclosed at the sides by the lids.

DEVICE FOR UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTING THE MOLTEN METAL DURING THE VERTICAL CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALS IN AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

... device for uniformly distributing the molten metal during vertical continuous casting in an electromagnetic mold features a float which is permanently connected via a plurality of struts to a distributor dish which is completely immersed in the melt and has an impacting region and slightly inclined sidewalls. The distributor dish forms together with the lower edge of the float a slit which extends over the whole of the base of the device and is for introducing the molten metal to the head of the ingot being cast. The device is secured to a supporting facility which centres the distributor dish permamently in the horizontal plane under the downspout nozzle and ensures free movement of the float and distributor dish in the vertical direction above a certain predetermined minimum level. The device also features equipment for finely adjusting the height of the trough and the lowest level of the distributor dish relative to the position of the electromagnetic mold.

METHOD OF RE-SHAPING MAGNETICALLY WEAK FERRITE PARTICLES

A method of reshaping magnetically relatively weak ferrite particles of substantially arbitrary shape into substantially spherically-shaped globules including the steps of transporting the particles by a carrier gas stream within a conduit into the vicinity of a stream of warm gases, separating particles form carrier gas stream prior to contact with said warm gas stream, feeding the separated particles into the stream of warm gases, melting the particles therein and subsequently allowing the particles to solidify into substantially spherically-shaped globules.

ALLOY FOR USE IN BRAZED ASSEMBLIES

CON-149-M An improved corrosion resistant aluminum alloy for use in the manufacture of brazed assemblies having improved sag resistant properties is disclosed. The alloy consists essentially of an aluminum base alloy containing from 0.05 to 0,4% chromium, from 0.02 to 0.9% manganese, up to 0.2% iron, up to 0.1% silicon and the balance essentially aluminum.

DEVICE FOR LOADING CONTAINERS FOR PARTICULATE MATERIALS AND THE USE THEREOF

A device for loading containers that are open or can be vented, containers for fine particulate materials, said device being part of a pneumatic conveyance system, in particular such a system using dense layer transportation, where the said device comprises essentially a tube-shaped casing, a lifting element, a closing element and a lifting rod which connects the lifting and closing elements and enables the distance between these elements to be varied; the combined weight of the part of the lifting element, that can be moved in the axial direction (A), the closing element and the lifting rod is greater than the elastic force of the lifting element but is smaller than the product of the difference between areas (FH) and (FM) and the positive pressure in the supply line acting on the lifting element; the distance (h) of the closing element from the lower edge of the casing is smaller than the stroke of the lifting element: the device can be employed on an alumina silo for charging fused salt ...

CERAMIC FOAM FILTER AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME

An improved ceramic foam filter for use in filtering molten metal prepared from a ceramic slurry containing silicon carbide and a colloidal silica binder. The filter has a solids content of at least 50% silicon carbide and at least 3% of silica.

PROCESS FOR COATING SHEARED EDGES

The invention relates to a process for coating bare, sheared edges (16) of the pouring or drinking outlets (14) stamped out in metal lids (40) for beverage cans. In that process modified lacquers (26) are deposited electrophoretically on the bare, non-insulated regions (16) of the lid (40).

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COARSE ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE

Process for the manufacture of coarse aluminum hydroxide, containing a maximum of 15 weight percent of the particles in a particle size under 45 micrometres, with a productivity that may be higher than 60 grams of precipitated Al203. The process consists of a decomposition in two stages (an agglomeration phase and a growth phase); each stage proceeding within defined temperature ranges with seed material of different constitution. The first (fine) seed amount is added at the start of the decomposition in such an amount, that the ratio of the supersaturation of the aluminate liquor to the surface area of the seed position exhibits a value of 7 to 25 grams per square metre. The process exhibits the advantage of the high productivity of the socalled European process and the advantage of the so-called American process by obtaining a coarse product hydroxide.

ARRANGEMENT OF BUSBARS FOR ELECTROLYTIC CELLS

Arrangement of Busbars for Electrolytic Cells The direct electric current from a transversely disposed electrolytic cell, in particular a cell for producing aluminum, is partly conducted under the cell before being led to the anode beam of the next cell. The aluminum busbars 16, 18 connected to the cathode bar ends 14 which are upstream with respect to the general direction of current flow I are led alternately, individually under the cell and collectively around the cell. On the long side of the cell, downstream with respect to direction I, the busbars 16 which have been led individually under the cell are usefully brought together to collector bars; these are led to the anode beam of the next cell preferably together with busbars 18 which are led around the cell and/or the busbars connected to the downstream cathode bar ends, all of which also join up with the collector bars.

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A CAN LID

Can lids made of metal, lacquered on both sides and featuring a pouring outlet covered over with a closure strip having a sealing surface of polyamide, often exhibit inadequate bond strength between the closure strip and the lacquered can lid surface. The bond strength can be raised if the can lid (1) - after the closure strip (3) has been sealed onto it - is heated until the polyamide melts and subsequently cooled.

INDUCTOR FOR AN ELECTROMAGNETIC MOLD FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING

An inductor for an electromagnetic mold used for example for continuous casting of long format rolling ingots has a metallic loop with a hollow space in it to convey a coolant. The vertical dimension at the middle of the sidewall (H1) of the loop is a multiple of the vertical dimension (H2) at the corners of the loop. Such a device compensates for the shrinkage which occurs at the sidewall of the ingot and yields ingots which do not suffer from the concavity which could otherwise occur there.

REDUCTION CELL POT

A reduction cell pot, in particular for producing aluminum by fused salt electrolysis, is made up of an outer steel shell, a thermally insulating layer and an inner lining comprised essentially of carbon; the floor insulation conprises volcanic ash, suitably at least the lower 80% of the floor insulation, and preferably at least the lower 90% is a layer of volcanic ash which has been compacted by mechanical means and the rest of the floor insulation is a leakage barrier which protects the volcanic ash from bath components penetrating the carbon lining.

APPARATUS FOR DEGASSING MOLTEN METAL

A gas injection nozzle design for use in a swirling tank reactor used in the degassing of molten metal with a fluxing gas. The nozzle design eliminates metal leakage from the reactor around the nozzle tip and gas leakage within the fluxing gas delivery line. The nozzle tip is provided with an orifice profile consisting of a straight hole opening of constant diameter or consisting of a converging-diverging profile, ...

VEHICLE DOOR

In a vehicle door comprising an outer wall, an inner wall and an equipment carrier which is arranged between the outer and inner walls and, before the outer and inner walls are brought together, can be provided with further door parts, especially a window lifting actuation means, and which serves as a fastening base for at least two door hinges and for at least one door mounted latch arrangement actuable by means of a door lock and interacting with a corresponding frame mounted latch arrangement of the vehicle, and, if appropriate, a window frame, the equipment carrier consists of a bottom boom section with legs directed upwards on one side and at least partially forming a hollow frame, the legs being connected to one another at a distance from the bottom boom section by means of at least one strut; the bottom boom section and the legs preferably consist of an aluminium alloy casting, in which is partially cast a strut consisting of an aluminium alloy extruded hollow section of box-shaped ...

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FINE-GRAINED RECRYSTALLIZED SHEET

In a process for manufacturing a fine-grained recrystallized sheet of heat-treatable i.e. age-hardenable aluminum alloy containing an addition of at least one of the elements Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W amounting in total to 0.08 - 1.50 %, the alloy is brought into a condition A in which the alloying elements that lead to age-hardening and the above mentioned additive elements are, at least for the greater part, in solid solution, following which in step B the incoherent hardening phases are precipitated out in a temperature range betweeen the solvus Tgps and the solvus Ts, and in a subsequent step C the aluminides of the above mentioned elements are precipitated as a very dense uniform dispersion by heating in a temperature range between 300.degree.C and Ts-30.degree.C, whereby any deformation by rolling may take place between condition A and step C at temperatures not higher than Ts-30.degree.C, and in which process the temperature of the sheet below a thickness of 2.5xd does not ...

TWO-CHAMBER COMPRESSED-GAS PACK AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING IT

In two-chamber compressed-gas packs, a concertina collar reversing during movement in the can body is fastened by means of its orifice region in a seam or in the upper part of the can body, to guarantee the necessary sealing between the product chamber and the propellant chamber. The disadvantage of packs of this type is that multipart can bodies have to be used unavoidably and/or a supporting ring inserted in the concertina builds up such a high frictional force that the discharge of the filling material is impeded because of a lack of differential pressure between the chambers. The disadvantages are avoided by fastening the collar over its entire region to the inner wall of the can body.

FILTRATION APPARATUS

CRUST BREAKER FOR ALUMINUM FUSION ELECTROLYSIS CELLS

DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE EXTRUDED MATERIAL IN EXTRUSION OF METALS IN SECTIONS AND TUBES

TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATION IN ELECTROLYTIC ALUMINUM PRODUCTION

DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING GASES INTO MOLTEN METAL

Gases can be introduced in a finely divided form into molten metal using a jet-mixing facility which is designed on the Venturi principle and is made of a suitable refractory material. Melt flow rates of 2-100 m/s are measured in the cylindrical centre piece of this mixer, and gas is sucked in at a reduced pressure of 0.05 to 0.9 bar. By means of this process an injector efficiency (ratio of throughput of propellant to throughput of purifying medium) of 3.75-4.0 is achieved.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CARBON BODIES

CONTINUOUS ELECTROLYTE COLOURING OF A PRE-ANODISED ALUMINIUM FOIL OR STRIP

Continuous process for anodizing and subsequent electrolytic colouring of an aluminium strip or foil with A.C. in which the strip after leaving the anodistaion unit passes through an aqueous acidic contacting electrolyte, e.g. dilute sulfuric acid, and then through the aqueous acidic colouring electrolyte containing metal ions and in which the A.C. source is connected to inert electrodes dipping in the contacting and in the colouring electrolyte respectively.

MOLTEN METAL FILTER AND METHOD OF FILTERING

An improvement in the filtration of molten metal using a removable filter plate disposed in a filter chamber wherein the peripheral surface of the filter plate mates with the wall surface of the filter chamber. The peripheral surface of the filter plate is provided with an intumescent resilient seal such that the heat from the molten metal being filtered and/or preheating causes the intumescent resilient seal to swell thereby providing a positive seal for the filter plate in the filter chamber so as to prevent metal leakage around and/or floating of the filter plate.

CONVEYANCE SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTING POWDERY OR GRANULAR MATERIAL

Compressed air is introduced into a feed pipe system for transporting powdery or granular material in order to promote dense flow conditions. In-built, variable or fixed size restrictions with decreasing size of blocking surface in the direction of flow equalise the amount of air entering the feed pipe along its whole length. The compressed air is introduced into the feed pipe through porous materials positioned at least in the region of the restrictions.

CENTRE SILL, IN PARTICULAR FOR ACCOMMODATING THE COUPLING FACILITIES ON A RAILROAD CAR

A centre sill, in particular for accommodating coupling facilities on a railcar, comprises two Z-shaped hollow sections arranged mirror image to each other and joined at the upper section strips; each hollow section part features sidewalls joining upper and lower strips and hollow chambers formed by transverse struts running between the sidewalls. To improve its rigidity, fatigue and tensile strength and to make assembly of the sill easier,the hollow section (12) is cut away close to one end (8) of the railcar along a length (1) and a shaped part e.g. a casting (25) inserted into this recess of height (h). The cut runs preferably along the lower side (21) of the transverse strut (18) next to upper section strip (14), along the upper side (22) of the lower section strip (15), and between these cuts approximately perpendicular across the chambers (19). A tongue (26) on the shaped part (25) fits over the outer surface (27) of a sidewall (17). A stop (30) on the part (25) comes to rest against ...

BEVERAGE CAN LID ABLE TO WITHSTAND PRESSURE

The pre-fabricated pouring outlet (2) in a lid (1) for cans containing carbonated drinks lies basically at an angle of 0 or 90.degree. to the rolling direction (x) of the sheet from which the lid is made. The surface (3) of the lid features at least one ring-shaped stiffening groove (6) which points towards the can interior, is concentric with the periphery of the lid and is interrupted in the region of the pouring outlet (2). The diameter (d) of the groove (6) is 65-80% of that of the nominal diameter (D) of the can. The stiffening groove raises the resistance of the lid towards pressure from inside the can by about 10%. This means that, when manufacturing a lid which has to withstand a specific pressure from inside the can, and using the same material, the thickness of the lid can be reduced to save material.

DEVICE FOR CONDUCTING THE ELECTRIC CURRENT BETWEEN ELECTROLYTIC CELLS

A device for conducting the electric current from the cathode of a hooded, transverse electrolytic cell to the anode of a neighbouring cell via cathodically polarised carbon blocks in the pot of a cell, cathode bars and individual conductor bars wherein the current from each cathode bar is passed under a cell to a compensating conductor bar which runs around the neighbouring cell. This compensating conductor bar is connected to each anode of the cell it runs around via a flexible conductor strip; each anode is provided on its uppermost side with a yoke which is inserted and firmly secured in place, together with the conductor strip, in a notch or recess provided in a device for holding the anode in place, the anode holding device remains in place during anode changes and can be adjusted vertically by means of a motor or the like as a function of the voltage or the desired interpolar distance between anode and cathode.

ALUMINUM ALLOY

... 0.05 to 0.2% vanadium and manganese in a concentration equal to 1/4 to 2/3 of the iron concentration are added to an aluminum wrought alloy containing 0.3-1.0% Mg, 0.3-1.2% Si, 0.1-0.5% Fe and up to 0.4% Cu. This alloy is employed mainly for the manufacture of extruded products.

BEARING DEVICE FOR WHEEL AXLES

A bearing device for wheel axles, in particular for the axles of a railway car bogie, is such that a bearing housing encloses a wheel bearing comprising an inner ring fitted on the axle and an outer ring with rollers, balls or the like between the said rings, the inner ring being held securely in place by a nut screwed on to the said axle. Energy storage means, to accommodate forces acting on the wheel bearing in the operating position, are provided between the wheel bearing and the bearing housing.

APPARATUS FOR DEGASSING MOLTEN METAL

A gas injection nozzle design for use in a swirling tank reactor used in the degassing of molten metal with a fluxing gas. The nozzle design eliminates metal leakage from the reactor around the nozzle tip and gas leakage within the fluxing gas delivery line. The nozzle tip is provided with an orifice profile consisting of a straight hole opening of constant diameter or consisting of a converging-diverging profile.

CLOSURE SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERS, IN PARTICULAR FOR NON- RETURNABLE CONTAINERS OF SEMI-RIGID MATERIAL, MADE OUT OF AT LEAST TWO DISH-SHAPED PARTS WHICH ARE JOINED TOGETHER

A closure system for containers, particularly semi-rigid containers has inlet- and outlet opening which can be varied in size, and can be covered by an adhesive strip. A tongue is formed by an essentially U-shaped cut in the container wall and may be raised up for opening the filling opening of the container, and on the innermost side of the container wall, on the area beyond the hinge line of the tongue, a piece of foil is adhesively fixed or sealed on which - on opening the closure system by tearing further the tongue cut line at its ends to form a larger emptying opening - is suitable for guiding the tear along its edge and thus determines the course of the tear lines.

METHOD OF PREPARATION OF CERAMIC FOAM

Ceramic foams possessing controlled permeability and uniformity are prepared by a combined rolling operation of impregnating an open-celled organic polymer foam material possessing a predetermined permeability and resilience with a fluid aqueous slurry of a thixotropic ceramic composition and immediate passage through at least two controlled roll gaps, wherein the rolls are preset to effect a temporary compression ranging from about 50 to 90% for the first pass and 70 to 90% for the second pass. The resulting material is thereby uniformly impregnated with the required amount of slurry, and is then dried and heated to remove the organic foam component. The foams prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful as filters for molten metals, especially aluminum and its alloys.

CASTING MOLDS AND METHOD OF THEIR MANUFACTURE