HEMODIALYSEUEBERWACHUNGSSYSTEM FUER HEMODIALYSATOREN

Modular home dialysis system - debubblers

An apparatus for removing air bubbles from blood is disclosed. The debubbler comprises front and rear covers (1002, 1008 respectively) with a fluid circuit board (1004) arranged between the two covers. A blood chamber is defined between cover (1002) and circuit board (1004) and an air chamber is defined between covers (1008) and circuit board (1004). A microporous membrane (1006) separates the blood and air chambers. A support means (1024) supports membrane (1006) from the air side of the membrane. A blood pressure sensor is provided between covers (1002, 1008). The debubbler has a blood inlet port (1022) and a blood outlet port (1020) for conducting blood to and from the blood chamber. An air port (1012) is provided in communication with the air chamber, to allow air passing through membrane (1006) to escape.

Modular home dialysis system

DIALYSIS WITH ULTRAFILTRIERUNG

DEVICE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT PARAMETERS OF STOFFUND ENERGY EXCHANGE MODULES

DEVICE FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE DIALYSIS EFFICIENCY

DIALYSIS UNIT

DEVICE AS A CHECK OF THE SODIUM CONCENTRATION OF A DIALYSATS AFTER REGULATION

DEVICE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT PARAMETERS OF STOFFUND ENERGY EXCHANGE MODULES

PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF A SIGNIFICANT PARAMETER FOR THE PROGRESS A EXTRAKORPORALEN OF A BLOOD TREATMENT

DIALYSIS APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE

DUAL RESERVOIR HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A portable hemodialysis system is provided including a dialyzer, a closed loop blood flow path which transports blood from a patient to the dialyzer and back to the patient, and a closed loop dialysate flow path which transports dialysate through the dialyzer. In addition, the hemodialysis system includes two reservoirs which can be alternately placed in the dialysis flow path using various controllable fluid valves. The hemodialysis system may include a sorbent filter in the dialysate flow path which filters used dialysate. Alternatively, the filter may be positioned within a separate closed loop filter flow path which is isolated from the blood flow path and dialysate flow path. For this embodiment, the hemodialysis system includes additional controllable fluid valves which selectively connect the filter flow path to the reservoir which is not currently providing dialysis treatment to a patient.

AUTOMATED DIAPHRAGM APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NEGATIVE PRESSURE HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT

Modular Home Dialysis System

MODULAR HOME DIALYSIS SYSTEM

A machine for conducting dialysis of body fluids of a patient. The machine includes integral water preparation and treatment, dialysate preparation, and extracorporeal circuit modules, under computer control from a patient interface and control module. A water pretreatment module with a temperature-controlled mixing valve, an integral water filtration and conditioning unit and a pressure relief with integral water sample removal port supplies water to the machine. The dialysate preparation module includes a substantially non-compliant tank with attached batch chemical bottles and automatic chemical addition and dispersion subsystems. The machine incorporates novel automatic process control techniques to verify the status and integrity of the critical system components, ultrafiltration control, and temperature, pressure and conductivity conditions prior to dialysis.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CALCULATING DIALYSIS EFFICIENCY

A method and apparatus for calculating the mass of a composition in a fluid volume or efficiency of exchange of said composition with an exchange fluid, especially urea in the body of a dialysis patient. Calculations are based on total mass of urea in the body. The concentration cd of urea in the effluent dialysate is measured, and the total removed mass U of urea is calculated by integrating the product of the urea concentration cd and the dialysate flow Qd. The momentary relative efficiency of the removal (K/V) is determined essentially by calculating the slope of the logarithm of the concentration curve and the momentary mass is determined therefrom. Then, the pre-treatment mass of urea in the body can be determined very accurately. Moreover, the momentary relative efficiency in any point is determined by using the removed urea U. The dialysis dose is calculated by integrating the momentary efficiencies.

EXTRACORPORAL BLOOD PROCESSING DEVICE AND METHOD OF OPERATION OF EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD PROCESSING DEVICE

APPARATUS OF DIALYSIS ALLOWING TO CONTROL, Independently, CONCENTRATION Of AT LEAST TWO IONIC SUBSTANCES IN the INTERIOR MEDIUM Of a PATIENT

Appareil de dialyse comprenant : - des moyens (12, 13, 25, 26) pour mettre en circulation dans un hémodialyseur (1) un liquide de dialyse contenant du chlorure de sodium et du bicarbonate de sodium; - des moyens (9, 12) pour perfuser à un patient au moins une solution contenant au moins une substance ionique A absente du liquide de dialyse, la substance A ayant une concentration déterminée [A]sol, dans la solution de perfusion; - des moyens (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) pour déterminer la dialysance réelle D de l'hémodialyseur (1) pour le sodium; - des moyens (36) pour déterminer un débit Qinf de solution de perfusion pour que la concentration de la substance A dans le milieu intérieur du patient tende vers une concentration souhaitée [A]des, des, en fonction de la dialysance D, de la concentration [A]sol de la substance A dans la solution de perfusion et de la concentration souhaitée [A]des ; - des moyens de réglage (10, 11) pour régler le débit de solution de perfusion; - des moyens ...

ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY WITH ASSEMBLY FOR MONITORING THE AMOUNTS OF LIQUID FLOWING IN THE DIALYSIS LIQUID CIRCUIT

DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR REGULATING THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM IN A LIQUID OF DIALYSIS FOR A REGULATION

Kidney machine provided with means of determination characteristic of blood and process of déterminationcorrespondant

Un rein artificiel comprend des moyens de mesure (27) pour mesurer au moins une caractéristique du liquide de dialyse frais et du liquide usé. Ces moyens de mesure (27) sont disposés dans une portion de canalisation commune à une dérivation (28) à la canalisation d'alimentation (13) en liquide de dialyse frais et à une dérivation (29) à la canalisation d'évacuation (14) de liquide usé. Des moyens d'occlusion (30, 31, 32) sont prévus pour permettre la circulation de liquide exclusivement dans l'une ou l'autre dérivation. Grâce à cet agencement, il est possible d'obtenir par le calcul, aussi souvent que souhaité, la valeur de caractéristiques du sang d'un patient et d'ajuster en permanence le fonctionnement du rein à un objectif thérapeutique fixé par le médecin.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE REMOVAL OF PARTIALLY PROTEIN BOUND SUBSTANCES

Extracorporeal blood treatment device and method for operating an extracorporeal blood treatment device

Metod och anordning för beräkning av dialyseffektivitet

Hemodialysis apparatus with automatic adjustment of dialysis solution flow

The invention concerns a hemodialysis apparatus with a hemodialyser (10), which on the blood side has a blood pump (30) to convey blood from a patient to the dialyser (10) and on the dialysis solution side has a dialysis solution pump (20) to convey dialysis solution to the dialyser. The hemodialysis apparatus has a control device (100) whereby a signal derived from the magnitude of the blood flow is fed to the said device on the input side and whereby the said device gives a signal on the output side as a function of the blood flow in order to adjust the dialysis solution flow. With an automatic control device of this type dialysis concentrate, prepared water and energy can be saved. The predetermined control function can be a linear function. It can also be given in the form of numerical data which is fed into a matrix in the control device (100) which for every blood flow of one particular dialyser (10) gives a dialysis solution flow at which a certain percentage of clearance is achieved ...

HEMODIALYSIS MONITORING SYSTEM FOR HEMODIALYSIS MACHINES

HÄMODIALYSEÜBERWACHUNGSSYSTEM FÜR HÄMODIALYSEMASCHINEN

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Durchführung einer isonaträmischen Dialyse

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung, insbesondere zur Hämodialyse, wobei Blut eines Patienten (1) von einer Dialysierflüssigkeit in einem Dialysator (4) umspült wird und wobei eine mit der Plasma-Natrium-Konzentration des Blutes korrelierten Größe gemessen wird. Die Zusammensetzung der Dialysierflüssigkeit wird dann in Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Größe dergestalt eingestellt, dass die Plasma-Natrium-Konzentration des Blutes zumindest am Ende der Blutbehandlung den gleichen Wert aufweist, wie zu Beginn. Zur Messung der mit der Plasma-Natrium-Konzentration des Blutes korrelierten Größe kann bspw. ein Bypass-Betrieb eingerichtet werden, bei dem die Dialysierflüssigkeit am Dialysator (4) vorbeigeleitet wird, sodass ein Restvolumen auf der Seite der verbrauchten Dialysierflüssigkeit die Konzentration der blutseitig gelösten Subtanzen zumindest teilweise annimmt.

Vorrichtung zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung mit verbesserter Anordnung einer Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (1) zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung, insbesondere Dialysevorrichtung (1), mit einer Internfluidik für eine Behandlungsflüssigkeit, insbesondere für eine Dialysierflüssigkeit, welche Interfluidik zumindest zwei Flüssigkeitsanschlüsse (20, 21, 22, 23) zum Anschließen eines im Wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Filterelements (2), insbesondere eines Dialysators (2), an die Internfluidik aufweist, um Behandlungsflüssigkeit durch das Filterelement (2) zu leiten, und mit einer Aufnahme (24) zum austauschbaren Halten des Filterelements (2) derart, dass das Filterelement (2) in bestimmungsgemäßer Weise an die Flüssigkeitsanschlüsse (20, 21, 22, 23) der Internfluidik und einer extrakorporale Blutleitung (13) anschließbar ist, wobei die Aufnahme (24) zum Halten des Filterelements (2) derart, dass dessen Zylinderlängsachse (5) im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet ist, ausgebildet ist.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR REGELUNG UND UEBERWACHUNG DER BLUT-DIALYSE IN EINEM DIALYSATOR

Hämodialysegerät mit automatischer Einstellung des Dialysierflüssigkeitsflusses.

DIALYSATE SUPPLY CIRCUIT

Modular home dialysis system

A method is described for priming a dialyzer placed in an extracorporeal circuit of a nemodialysis machine in situ. The method comprises the steps of substantially filling the extracorporeal circuit and the blood side of the dialyzer with fluid (such as dialysate, RO water, saline, etc.), and inducing pressure pulses in the fluid. The pressure pulses cause air bubbles from the blood side of the dialyzer to be sheared off the dialyzer membrane. The air bubbles are then conducted from the dialyzer and removed from the extracorporeal circuit. Backfiltering of fluid across the dialyzer from the dialysate circuit into the extracorporeal circuit is performed in synchrony with the pressure pulses to assist in the shearing off of air bubbles from the blood side of the dialyser membrane.

ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY WITH MEANS FOR DETERMINING BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS AND PROCEDURES FOR IT.

DIALYSEGER�T WITH UNABH�NGIGER CONTROL OF AT LEAST TWO IONI SUBSTANCES IN A K�RPER PATIENT

PROCEDURE AS A CHECK OF THE SODIUM CONCENTRATION OF A DIALYSATS AFTER REGULATION

DEVICE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF THE DIALYSIS EFFICIENCY

Extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus and method of setting an extracorporeal blood treatment

It is described an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus (1) with a user interface (12) device capable configuring and allowing execution of one or more isolated ultrafiltration tasks during the course of a dialysis treatment. The extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus (1) is controlled in a normal mode, where dialysis fluid is fed to the blood treatment unit (2), and in an isolated ultrafiltration mode, where fresh dialysis fluid is no longer fed to the blood treatment unit (2).

HEMODIALYZING UNIT FOR ADJUSTING DIALYTIC FLUID TO LOW FLOW RATE

A hemodialyzing unit includes a dialytic fluid supply line for feeding a dialytic fluid from a dialytic fluid supply/discharge unit to a dialyzer, a dialytic fluid discharge line for feeding a dialytic fluid discharged from the dialyzer to the dialytic fluid supply/discharge unit, and a bypass line for connecting both lines at an intermediate portion of each. A flow rate adjusting member is provided to a downstream supply line between a coupling portion for coupling the dialytic fluid supply line to the bypass line and the dialyzer. A wider range of treatments such as CHD (or CHDF), SHD (or SHDF), and HD (or HDF) can be conducted without employing a device for the exclusive use of the CHD or CHDF.

AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR BLOOD DIALYSIS AND PRIMING METHOD USING THE APPARATUS

An apparatus for blood dialysis composed at least of a dialyzer (a) whereby blood is brought into contact with a dialysate via a semipermeable membrane and thus purified; a blood circulation system (b) composed of a blood circuit in the arterial side whereby blood is taken out from a patient and flown into the dialyzer and another blood circuit in the venous side whereby the blood flown out from the dialyzer is returned to the patient; a dialysate supplying/discharging system (c) for supplying and discharging the dialysate composed of a dialysate-supply line for supplying the dialysate to the dialyzer and a dialysate-discharge line for discharging the dialysate flown out from the dialyzer; and a means (d) of controlling the reverse filtration speed. Owing to this constitution, individual steps from the preparation of the dialysis (treatment) to the completion of the treatment and the change from a specific step to the next step can be safely, surely and quickly carried out in most cases ...

AUTOMATIC DIALYSATE DETECTION IN DIALYSIS MACHINES

A method for operating a dialysis machine (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis machine) may include transferring dialysate from a first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the first bag has completely transferred. After determining the dialysate has completely transferred from the first bag, switching from the first bag to a second bag of dialysate. The method may further include transferring dialysate from the second bag in response to the detection of the completed transfer of the first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the second bag has completely transferred. The method may further include determining if the respective first or second bag has completely transferred by comparing a dialysate bag volume transferred to a detected volume of the respective first or second bag. Systems with dialysis machines for performing such a method are disclosed as well.

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR REGULATING SODIUM CONCENTRATION IN A DIALYSIS FLUID FOR A PRESCRIPTION

Appareil de dialyse comprenant : - des moyens (14) pour préparer un liquide de dialyse contenant du sodium comprenant des moyens de réglage (18) de la concentration en sodium ; - un circuit de liquide de dialyse comprenant une canalisation d'alimentation (12) et une canalisation d'évacuation (13), la canalisation d'alimentation (12) ayant une extrémité connectée aux moyens (14) de préparation de liquide de dialyse et une autre extrémité connectable à un dialyseur (1), la canalisation d'évacuation (13) ayant une extrémité connectable au dialyseur (1) ; - des moyens (9, 10, 12) pour perfuser à un patient une solution de perfusion contenant du sodium et une substance A à des concentrations déterminées [Na+]sol et [A]sol ; - des moyens (32) pour déterminer la concentration en sodium [Na+]dial du liquide de dialyse pour que le milieu intérieur du patient tende vers une concentration souhaitée en sodium [Na+]des, en fonction de la dialysance D du dialyseur (1) pour le sodium, de la concentration ...

PROCESS FOR DETERMINING A SIGNIFICANT PARAMETER OF THE PROGRESS OF AN EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD TREATMENT

Procédé de détermination d'un paramètre significatif de l'efficacité d'un traitement extracorporel du sang consistant à faire circuler de part et d'autre de la membrane semi-perméable d'un échangeur à membrane le sang d'un patient et un liquide de traitement, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes de : - faire circuler dans l'échangeur un liquide de traitement ayant une caractéristique ayant une valeur nominale sensiblement constante en amont de l'échangeur; - faire varier la valeur de la caractéristique en amont de l'échangeur puis rétablir la caractéristique à sa valeur nominale en amont de l'échangeur; - mesurer et mettre en mémoire une pluralité de valeurs prises par la caractéristique du liquide de traitement en aval de l'échangeur en réponse à la variation de la valeur de cette caractéristique provoquée en amont de l'échangeur; - déterminer la superficie d'une zone de perturbation aval délimitée par une ligne de base et une courbe représentative de l'évolution par rapport au ...

Systems and methods for multifunctional volumetric fluid control

PROCESS OF DETERMINATION Of a SIGNIFICANT PARAMETER OF the PROGRESS Of an EXTRACORPORAL TREATMENT OF BLOOD

Procédé de détermination d'un paramètre significatif de l'efficacité d'un traitement extracorporel du sang consistant à faire circuler de part et d'autre de la membrane semi-perméable d'un échangeur à membrane le sang d'un patient et un liquide de traitement, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes de : - faire circuler dans l'échangeur un liquide de traitement ayant une caractéristique ayant une valeur nominale sensiblement constante en amont de l'échangeur; - faire varier la valeur de la caractéristique en amont de l'échangeur puis rétablir la caractéristique à sa valeur nominale en amont de l'échangeur; - mesurer et mettre en mémoire une pluralité de valeurs prises par la caractéristique du liquide de traitement en aval de l'échangeur en réponse à la variation de la valeur de cette caractéristique provoquée en amont de l'échangeur; - déterminer la superficie d'une zone de perturbation aval délimitée par une ligne de base et une courbe représentative de l'évolution par rapport au ...

SODIUM AND BUFFER SOURCE CARTRIDGES FOR USE IN A MODULAR CONTROLLED COMPLAINT FLOW PATH

Systems and methods for using a sodium chloride source and a buffer source such as sodium bicarbonate in a controlled compliant flow path to generate from water a physiologically compatible fluid having a suitable level of a sodium ion and/or a buffer for use in hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration. The system has a conditioning flow path that has at least a salination valve or salination pump, and at least one container has at least one solute in excess of the solubility of that solute. At least one of the solutes is a buffer source or sodium chloride. The conditioning flow path is in fluid communication with a controlled compliant flow path. The conditioning flow path can selectively meter fluid into and out of the controlled compliant flow path.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE EXISTENCE OF LEAKS IN A SYSTEM WITH FLOWING FLUID

A method and apparatus for determining the presence of leaks in a system with flowing fluid is described. A first pressure is applied to the fluid in a first phase, and a second pressure differing from the first pressure is applied in the second phase. Subsequently an indicator, which signals the presence of leaks in the system, is formed from values detected at the input and output of the system. Furthermore, a discriminator is formed that indicates whether variances of the detected values are the result of a leak or are caused by the soiling of, or an error in, the sensing means.

Batch dialysate chemical vessel with machine-readable indicator

A vessel storing a batch of chemicals for delivery into a dialysate preparation tank includes a machine readable indicator, permitting automatic identification of the contents of the vessel prior to operating the vessel and introduction of chemicals into a tank where the dialysate solution is mixed. Various types of machine-readable indicators may be used, such as, for example, "touch" memory buttons, bar codes, or magnetic strips. Suitable reading devices for the machine-readable indicators are provided for reading the contents of the bottle.

Method of rinsing back blood to hemodialysis patient

A method is described herein for automatically rinsing blood back to a patient. The method comprises the steps of pumping dialysate (or, alternatively, saline solution) through a dialyzer into an extracorporeal circuit, and pumping blood in the extracorporeal circuit out the arterial and venous lines back to the patient. Optical sensors monitor the concentration of blood in the arterial and venous lines as the blood is being pumped from the extracorporeal circuit back to the patient. The return flow of blood is ceased when the concentration of blood in the arterial and venous lines drops to a predetermined threshold level, thereby preventing excess fluids from being returned to the patient.

Device for measuring performance parameters of substance and energy exchange modules

Apparatus for measuring substance exchange parameters in hemodialysis comprises container of specific substance which feeds it into dialysis circuit and sensor which measures its concentration in dialysate Apparatus for measuring substance exchange parameters in hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration comprises a container (186) of a specific substance which feeds it into the dialysis circuit (10, 12) and a sensor which measures the concentration of the substance in the dialysate.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CALCULATING DIALYSIS EFFICIENCY

A method and apparatus for calculating the mass of a composition in a fluid volume or efficiency of exchange of said composition with an exchange fluid, especially urea in the body of a dialysis patient. Calculations are based on total mass of urea in the body. The concentration cd of urea in the effluent dialysate is measured, and the total removed mass U of urea is calculated by integrating the product of the urea concentration cd and the dialysate flow Qd. The momentary relative efficiency of the removal (K/V) is determined essentially by calculating the slope of the logarithm of the concentration curve and the momentary mass is determined therefrom. Then, the pre-treatment mass of urea in the body can be determined very accurately. Moreover, the momentary relative efficiency in any point is determined by using the removed urea U. The dialysis dose is calculated by integrating the momentary efficiencies.

HEMODIALYSEUEBERWACHUNGSSYSTEM FUER HEMODIALYSATOREN

Modular home dialysis system

Disclosed is an apparatus for establishing fluid connection between an extracorporeal circuit and a source of disinfection fluids, with the extracorporeal circuit comprising a dialyzer, an arterial blood line and a venous blood line; ```a disinfection line for carrying disinfection fluids from the source of disinfection fluids to the extracorporeal circuit; ```a disinfection manifold comprising a first and a second port, the first port for receiving the arterial line, and the second port for receiving the venous line; ```a return line establishing a fluid connection with the disinfection manifold and carrying disinfection fluids from the extracorporeal circuit; ```whereby disinfection fluids passed into the disinfection manifold by the disinfection line are routed through the arterial and venous blood lines and out of the extracorporeal circuit via the return line. Also disclosed is an apparatus for directing disinfection fluids to and from an extracorporeal circuit, the extracorporeal ...

METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE EXECUTION OF CONTROLLED ULTRAFILTRATION OF DIALYSAT DURING HEMODIALYSIS

DEVICE TO THE SAMPLING OF USED UP ONE DIALYSAT

HEMODIALYSIS MONITOR FOR HEMODIALYSIS MACHINES

EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING A FILTER

AUTO-DIAPHRAGM HEMODIALYSER

Extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus and method of setting an extracorporeal blood treatment

It is described an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus (1) with a user interface (12) device capable configuring and allowing execution of one or more isolated ultrafiltration tasks during the course of a dialysis treatment. The extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus (1) is controlled in a normal mode, where dialysis fluid is fed to the blood treatment unit (2), and in an isolated ultrafiltration mode, where fresh dialysis fluid is no longer fed to the blood treatment unit (2).

Degassing module for a controlled compliant flow path

A degassing module for removal of air and other gases during operation of a medical therapy device that delivers any one of hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration. The degassing module has a flow-through first chamber that has a hydrophobic vent membrane that has an exterior and interior side forming a portion of the flow-through chamber. The hydrophobic vent membrane is positioned at a higher elevation on the flow- through chamber than a fluid outlet. Fluid flows through the flow-through chamber in a downward direction relative to the hydrophobic vent membrane. A flow-through chamber has a cross sectional area configured to provide for a downward flow velocity of the fluid to be less than the upward rise velocity of a smallest bubble to be removed from the fluid.

DIALYSIS APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE

Dialysis apparatus is arranged to enable convenient measuring of ultrafiltration rate from liquid, such as blood, that is to be dialyzed. Dialyzate passageway through which the ultrafiltration flow rate can be readily measured as by introducing a gas bubble into the dialyzate and timing its movement through the passageway. An airinjection attachment can be fitted to the dialyzer or to a dialyzate supply system, to inject the gas bubble for such measurement. Bubble injection can also be effected in a flow rate measuring passageway downstream of the dialyzer. Flow rates of dialyzate into and out of dialyzer can be compared to show ultrafiltration while dialyzing. Dialyzer can also have end caps with thickened closure walls for better ultrasonic welding to the dialyzer body, and the end caps can have vents that simplify testing of the seals between the caps and the dialysis membrane body.

HEMODIALYSIS MONITORING SYSTEM FOR HEMODIALYSIS MACHINES

An improved on-line real time hemodialysis monitoring system for hemodialysi s treatment. The hemodialysis monitoring system quantitates the rate arid amount of a constituent, such as urea, removedduring the hemodialysis treatment by measuring the constituent concentrations as a fonction of time in the spent dialysate effluent from a hemodialysis machine. A quantity of the spent dialysate effluent is removed from the dialysate effluent waste line periodically for testing. A urea concentration time profile can be analyzed to determine the urea removal, KT/V, URR, SRI and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) indices. The hemodialysis monitoring system preferably can obtain a dialysate sample equilibrated with the blood prior to the start of a hemodialysis treatment. The hemodialysis monitoring system includes a two po ol analysis for taking into account the constituent concentration differences in the extracellular and intracellular spaces in t he hemodialysis patient during the hemodialysis ...

PROCESS FOR DETERMINING A SIGNIFICANT PARAMETER OF THE PROGRESS OF AN EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD TREATMENT

Procédé de détermination d'un paramètre significatif de l'efficacité d'un traitement extracorporel du sang consistant à faire circuler de part et d'autre de la membrane semi-perméable d'un échangeur à membrane le sang d'un patient et un liquide de traitement, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes de: - faire circuler dans l'échangeur un liquide de traitement ayant une caractéristique ayant une valeur nominale sensiblement constante en amont de l'échangeur; - faire varier la valeur de la caractéristique en amont de l'échangeur puis rétablir la caractéristique à sa valeur nominale en amont de l'échangeur; - mesurer et mettre en mémoire une pluralité de valeurs prises par la caractéristique du liquide de traitement en aval de l'échangeur en réponse à la variation de la valeur de cette caractéristique provoquée en amont de l'échangeur; - déterminer la superficie d'une zone de perturbation aval délimitée par une ligne de base et une courbe représentative de l'évolution par rapport au temps ...

MODULAR HOME DIALYSIS SYSTEM

A machine for conducting dialysis of body fluids of a patient. The machine includes integral water preparation and treatment, dialysate preparation, and extracorporeal circuit modules, under computer control from a patient interface and control module. A water pretreatment module with a temperature-controlled mixing valve, an integral water filtration and conditioning unit and a pressure relief with integral water sample removal port supplies water to the machine. The dialysate preparation module includes a substantially non-compliant tank with attached batch chemical bottles and automatic chemical addition and dispersion subsystems. The machine incorporates novel automatic process control techniques to verify the status and integrity of the critical system components, ultrafiltration control, and temperature, pressure and conductivity conditions prior to dialysis.

APPARATUS OF DIALYSIS ALLOWING TO CONTROL, Independently, CONCENTRATION Of AT LEAST TWO IONIC SUBSTANCES IN the INTERIOR MEDIUM Of a PATIENT

DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR REGULATING THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM IN A LIQUID OF DIALYSIS FOR A REGULATION

Appareil de dialyse comprenant : - des moyens (14) pour préparer un liquide de dialyse contenant du sodium comprenant des moyens de réglage (18) de la concentration en sodium; - un circuit de liquide de dialyse comprenant une canalisation d'alimentation (12) et une canalisation d'évacuation (13), la canalisation d'alimentation (12) ayant une extrémité connectée aux moyens (14) de préparation de liquide de dialyse et une autre extrémité connectable à un dialyseur. (1), la canalisation d'évacuation (13) ayant une extrémité connectable au dialyseur (1); - des moyens (9, 10, 12) pour perfuser à un patient une solution de perfusion contenant du sodium et une substance A à des concentrations déterminées [Na+]sol et [A]sol; - des moyens (32) pour déterminer la concentration en sodium [Na+]dial du liquide de dialyse pour que le milieu intérieur du patient tende vers une concentration souhaitée en sodium [Na+]des, en fonction de la dialysance D du dialyseur (1) pour le sodium, de la concentration ...

DEVICE TO REGULATE AND SUPERVISE THE DIALYSIS OF BLOOD IN A DIALYSER

AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR BLOOD DIALYIS AND PRIMING METHOD USING THE APPARATUS

DIALYSIS SYSTEM WITH ULTRAFILTRATION CONTROL

Systems and methods are disclosed for performing hemodialysis that include fluid handling systems that provide accurate control over the type and level of hemodialysis being performed. The system includes a first pump for pumping dialysate into a dialyzer and a second pump for pumping dialysate out of the dialyzer. The system also includes a third pump that provides improved control of a level of ultrafiltration, hemodiafiltration, or both.

Hemodialysis machine with automatic priming by induced pressure pulses

A hemodialysis machine is described that has an extracorporeal circuit that is primed automatically prior to connection of the patient to the machine. The priming is accomplished by filling the extracorporeal circuit with a priming fluid, such as a saline or dialysate solution or blood. The blood pump and clamps in the arterial and venous lines are operated by a control system in a fashion to create multiple brief pressure pulses in the priming fluid. The pressure pulses shear air bubbles present on the blood side of the dialyzer membrane off the membrane. The blood pump is then operated to clear the bubbles from the dialyzer compartment where they are removed from the priming fluid by conventional bubble trap apparatus.

Dialysis system and method therefor

Apparatus and method for carrying out an isonatremic dialysis

An apparatus and a method for extracorporeal blood treatment, especially for hemodialysis, wherein blood of a patient is flushed with a dialysate in a dialyzer and wherein a variable correlated with the plasma sodium concentration of the blood is measured. The composition of the dialysate then is adjusted in response to the variable measured so that the plasma sodium concentration of the blood at least at the end of the blood treatment has the same value as at the beginning. For measuring the variable correlated with the plasma sodium concentration of the blood, for example a bypass operation can be implemented in which the dialysate is guided past the dialyzer so that a residual volume on the side of the used dialysate at least partially adopts the concentration of the substances dissolved on the blood side.

Method for setting parameters for hemodialysis and blood processing device with a device for setting parameters for hemodialysis

Während einer extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung strömt das zu behandelnde Blut in einem extrakorporalen Blutkreislauf durch die Blutkammer (4) eines durch eine semipermeable Membran (5) in die Blutkammer (4) und eine Dialysierflüssigkeitskammer (6) getrennten Dialysators (7), während Dialysierflüssigkeit durch die Dialysierflüssigkeitskammer (6) des Dialysators (7) strömt. Zur Bestimmung der Konzentration einer Substanz in dem Blut, das in die Blutkammer strömt, wird die Flußrate der durch die Dialysierflüssigkeitskammer strömenden Dialysierflüssigkeit während der extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung auf einen Wert eingestellt, bei dem die Konzentration der Substanz am Ausgang der Dialysierflüssigkeitskammer des Dialysators im wesentlichen die Konzentration der betrachteten Substanz in dem Blut am Eingang der Blutkammer des Dialysators annimmt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß trotz variabler Behandlungsbedingungen ein ausreichendes Gleichgewicht bei einer Reduzierung des Dialysierflüssigkeitsflusses auf ...

Blood treatment apparatus including a device to determine hemodialysis parameters and a method for their determination

Hemodialysis monitoring system for hemodialysis machines

CALIBRATION METHOD OF A PAIR OF SENSORS SET IN DIALYSIS CIRCUIT

PURPOSE: To improve the measuring accuracy of the flow meter of the dialysis liquid of a blood dialyzer, and present a calibration method of a pair of sensors set in a dialysis circuit capable of efficiently dialyzing without bypassing the blood dialyzer during dialysis. CONSTITUTION: The method consists of implementing at least a step Phei to determine a supplementary calibration coefficient kei of a flow-in side sensor Da, then implementing at least another step Phsj to determine a supplementary calibration coefficient ksj of a flow-out side sensor Ds and determining, a new calibration coefficient Ki of both sensors based on at least one of the supplementary calibration coefficient. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO ...

Verfahren zur Messung von Leistungsparametern von Stoff- und Energieaustausch Modulen

Rezirkulationsmessung mittels Diffusionsgleichgewicht

Extrakorporale Blutbehandlungsmaschine (1) mit einem Dialysator (2) sowie einer Sensorvorrichtung (28), die auf einer Dialysierflüssigkeitsseite dem Dialysator (2) nachgeschaltet und mit einer Steuer- und Recheneinheit (30) elektrisch verbunden ist, die dafür vorgesehen und ausgebildet ist, auf Basis der Messsignale der Sensorvorrichtung (28) zumindest einen vorzugsweise ausgewählten oder auswählbaren Blutanteilsstoff in der verbrauchten Dialysierflüssigkeit sowohl qualitativ wie auch quantitativ zu bestimmen. Die Steuer- und Recheneinheit (30) ist ferner dafür vorgesehen und angepasst, die extrakorporale Blutbehandlungsmaschine in einen Modus zu schalten, in welchem eine Dialysierflüssigkeitsmenge im Dialysator (2) zumindest solange eingesperrt wird, bis sich auf der Dialysierflüssigkeitseite und der Blutseite des Dialysators (2) ein sich nicht mehr oder nur noch unwesentlich veränderndes Konzentrationsgleichgewicht des Blutanteilsstoffs einstellt und daraufhin in einen Modus zu wechseln ...

Modular home dialysis system

Modular home dialysis system

Modular home dialysis system

Modular home dialysis system

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE STATEMENT OF LEAKAGES IN A SYSTEM WITH STR�MENDEM FLUID

Extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus and method of setting an extracorporeal blood treatment

It is described an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus (1) with a user interface (12) device capable configuring and allowing execution of one or more isolated ultrafiltration tasks during the course of a dialysis treatment. The extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus (1) is controlled in a normal mode, where dialysis fluid is fed to the blood treatment unit (2), and in an isolated ultrafiltration mode, where fresh dialysis fluid is no longer fed to the blood treatment unit (2).

METHOD FOR CALIBRATING A PAIR OF SENSORS IN A DYALISIS CIRCUIT

PR?CIS Le procédé de l'invention vise un procédé d'étalonnage d'un couple de capteurs placés dans un circuit de dialyse. Le procédé consiste: . à réaliser au moins une phase de détermination d'un coefficient auxiliaire (kei) d'étalonnage pour le capteur d'entrée . à réaliser au moins une phase de détermination d'un coefficient auxiliaire d'étalonnage pour le capteur de sortie . et à déterminer, à partir d'au moins un coefficient auxiliaire d'étalonnage, un nouveau coefficient d'étalonnage pour les deux capteurs.

MODULAR HOME DIALYSIS SYSTEM

A machine for conducting dialysis of body fluids of a patient. The machine includes integral water preparation and treatment, dialysate preparation, and extracorporeal circuit modules, under computer control from a patient interface and control module. A water pretreatment module with a temperature-controlled mixing valve, an integral water filtration and conditioning unit and a pressure relief with integral water sample removal port supplies water to the machine. The dialysate preparation module includes a substantially non-compliant tank with attached batch chemical bottles and automatic chemical addition and dispersion subsystems. The machine incorporates novel automatic process control techniques to verify the status and integrity of the critical system components, ultrafiltration control, and temperature, pressure and conductivity conditions prior to dialysis.

Hemodialysis apparatus

A hemodialyzer not causing any medical malpractice such as air inclusion or blood loss during hemodialysis by detecting even a minute connection failure, if any. The hemodialyzer comprising a hemodialyzer (D), a dialyzing fluid supply line (L1), a dialyzing fluid discharging line (L2), an arterial blood line (L3), a venous blood line (L4), first fluid sending means (P1), second fluid sending means (P2), third fluid sending means (P3), a blood pump (P4), a venous chamber (Cv), an overflow line (L5), a venous pressure monitor line (L6), dialyzing fluid pressure measuring means (MT), venous pressure measuring means (Mv), clamps (CLL4, CLL5), control means (G1) which closes the clamp (CLL5) when a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the priming, allows the third fluid sending means (P3) to operate in the reverse filtration direction or in the water removing direction simultaneously with the closure of the clamp (CLL5), and then opens the clamp (CLL5) when a predetermined time has ...

Method of checking the operation of sensors located on a dialysis liquid circuit and device using same.

APPARATUS OF DIALYSIS AND TECHNIQUE FOR SA MANUFACTURE AND ITS USE

Apparatus for opening a vessel

An apparatus is described for automatically opening and dispensing the contents of a vessel, for example, a vessel containing dialysate chemicals for dispersion into a dialysate preparation tank. The apparatus comprises a housing having an open interior region, with the vessel mounted above the housing, and a spike reciprocable within the interior of the housing between upper and lower positions. The spike pierces the vessel when the spike is moved to the upper position. The spike has an upper spike element that pierces the bottle and an integral spike body concentric with the housing permitting passage of dialysate chemicals therethrough after the spike has pierced the vessel. A drive means is proved for moving the spike relative to the housing between the upper and lower positions, so as to control the operation of the spike and the automatic release of the contents of the vessel.

Systems and methods for multifunctional volumetric fluid control

Systems and methods for controlling fluid movement and volumes of fluid between a subject and a controlled compliant flow path. The controlled compliant flow path has a means for selectively metering in and metering out fluid from the controlled compliant flow path. An extracorporeal flow path is in fluid communication with the controlled compliant flow path across a semi-permeable membrane where the extracorporeal flow path has a first terminal end and a second terminal end.

Modular fluid therapy system having jumpered flow paths and systems and methods for cleaning and disinfection

Systems and methods for cleaning and disinfecting a medical therapy device that delivers any one of hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration. The system has a base module that has at least one segment of a controlled compliant flow path and at least one pair of jumpered ports configured on the base module. One or more components have connections connectable to the jumpered ports of the base module to provide for fluid communication between the segment of the controlled compliant flow path in the base module and a flow path defined by the one or more components. The base module is connected to the one or more components that define a flow path configurable for carrying out in part at least one function performed during any one of hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration or hemofiltration.

DEVICE FOR CALCULATING DIALYSIS EFFICIENCY

Hoemodialyse apparatus with automatic adjustment of the flow of dialysis fluid

Blood treatment apparatus including a device to determine hemodialysis parameters and a method for their determination

DEVICE FOR REMOVAL OF PARTIALLY PROTEIN BOUND SUBSTANCES

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device to increase the efficiency of dialysis for the removal from blood of substances that are more or less tightly bound to carriers such as albumin. SOLUTION: The flow rate of a cleaning fluid and the mass transfer coefficient koA of a filter are significantly increased, compared to a conventional dialyzer, wherein a cleaning fluid flow rate is at least 2,000 ml/min, and a mass transfer coefficient koA of the filter is at least 2,000 ml/min. A ratio between the mass transfer coefficient koA of the filter and a blood flow rate is at least 5, and a ratio between the cleaning fluid flow rate and the blood flow rate is at least 5. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT ...

ФИЛЬТРАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ ЧАСТИЦ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНО ЗАДАННОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА

Группа изобретений относится к медицинской технике и предназначена для фильтрации частиц сходных размеров. Фильтрационная система содержит фильтрующую среду, содержащую несколько заданных в ней отверстий, и группу микроколонн, каждая из которых находится на одной линии с одним из указанных нескольких отверстий и выполнена с возможностью быть отталкиваемой частицами предварительно заданного вещества, вовлеченного в поток текучей среды, направленный через фильтрационную систему. Раскрыты способ фильтрации вовлеченных в поток текучей среды частиц и конструктивный вариант фильтрационной системы. Обеспечивается фильтрация сходных по размерам частиц. 3 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

ФИЛЬТРАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ ЧАСТИЦ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНО ЗАДАННОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА

... 1. Фильтрационная система, содержащая:- фильтрующую среду, содержащую несколько заданных в ней отверстий, и- группу микроколонн, причем каждая микроколонна находится, по существу, на одной линии с одним из нескольких отверстий и выполнена так, чтобы быть отталкиваемой частицами предварительно заданного вещества, вовлеченного в поток текучей среды, направленный через фильтрационную систему.2. Фильтрационная система по п. 1, причем каждая микроколонна содержит свободный конец, который имеет такой размер, чтобы блокировать соответствующее отверстие, когда каждая микроколонна находится на одной линии с соответствующим отверстием из нескольких отверстий.3. Фильтрационная система по п. 2, причем каждый свободный конец является смещаемым из расположения на одной линии с каждым отверстием, когда микроколонна отталкивается посредством предварительно заданного вещества.4. Фильтрационная система по п. 2, причем каждое из нескольких отверстий открыто и не блокировано посредством одной из микроколонн ...

Hemodialyseüberwachungssystem für Dialyseapparate

Modular home dialysis system

A method is described for priming a dialyzer placed in an extracorporeal circuit of a nemodialysis machine in situ. The method comprises the steps of substantially filling the extracorporeal circuit and the blood side of the dialyzer with fluid (such as dialysate, RO water, saline, etc.), and inducing pressure pulses in the fluid. The pressure pulses cause air bubbles from the blood side of the dialyzer to be sheared off the dialyzer membrane. The air bubbles are then conducted from the dialyzer and removed from the extracorporeal circuit. Backfiltering of fluid across the dialyzer from the dialysate circuit into the extracorporeal circuit is performed in synchrony with the pressure pulses to assist in the shearing off of air bubbles from the blood side of the dialyser membrane.

Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

Dialysis cassettes and related systems and methods

A method that includes conveying overheated dialysate through a cassette in a manner to reduce the temperature of the overheated dialysate, and a dialysis system including a control unit configured to cause overheated dialysate to be conveyed through a cassette in a manner to reduce the temperature of the overheated dialysate.

Multimodal dialysis system

A dialysis device for operation in multiple modes and for maintaining a known gradient of potassium ion or other electrolyte between the blood of a patient and a dialysate fluid is described. The dialysis device is capable of being used for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and the dialysis device is capable of operation with a dialysate purification unit outside of a clinical setting or with a supply of water that can be supplied in a clinical setting. The dialysis device has a composition sensor containing a potassium-sensitive electrode for measuring a potassium ion concentration in one or more of the patient's blood and the dialysate fluid and an infusate pump operated to adjust a potassium ion concentration in the dialysate fluid based at least in part on data from the composition sensor.

Multichamber container for preparing medicinal solutions

The subject matter of the present invention is a multichamber container and a method for preparing medical fluids composed of concentrates which make a contribution toward the electrical conductivity of the solution and are additionally prepared from concentrates which do not make a contribution toward the electrical conductivity of the solution. The inventive multichamber container is characterized in that it is constructed by dividing the solution components into multiple chambers, so that following the dissolving due to breaking open of the first chamber border of a solution component, which makes a contribution toward the electrical conductivity of the medicinal solution, another chamber border of another solution component which does not make any contribution toward the electrical conductivity of the solution is broken open.

Filtration system for preparation of fluids for medical applications

Systems, methods, and devices for preparation of water for various uses including blood treatment are described. In embodiments, fluid is passed either by pump or passively by gravity feed, through various filtration elements from a fluid source to a treatment fluid container. The latter forms a batch that may be used during treatment. The advantage of forming the batch before treatment is that the rate of filtering needn't match the rate of consumption during treatment which provides multiple benefits and liabilities to overcome, as discussed herein. Mechanisms for preparing pure water for infusion or medicaments are described such as elimination of chlorine and colloidal aluminum. Also various control mechanisms to help avoid contamination are describe.

System for carrying out a blood treatment

The present invention relates to a system for the carrying out of a blood treatment, in particular a dialysis treatment, wherein the system has at least one blood treatment device, in particular a dialyzer, and at least one tank from which treatment fluid, in particular dialysis fluid, is removed during the carrying out of the blood treatment and/or into which consumed treatment fluid, in particular consumed dialysis fluid, is filled during the carrying out of the blood treatment, wherein the tank is an element of at least one mobile apparatus which can be connected to the blood treatment device such that at least one fluid connection can be established between the tank and the blood treatment device.

Molecularly imprinted polymers for eliminating metabolites

The present invention relates to polymers imprinted by retention solutes, use of same as well as compositions containing same.

Cassette system integrated apparatus

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes.

Blood treatment systems and methods

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid, may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.

Pumping cassette

A pump cassette is disclosed. The pump cassette includes a housing having at least, one fluid inlet line and at least one fluid outlet line. The cassette also includes at least one reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pump within the housing. The pressure pump pumps a fluid from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet line. A hollow spike is also included on the housing as well as at least one metering pump The metering pump is fluidly connected to the hollow spike on the housing and to a metering pump fluid line. The metering pump fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid outlet line.

DIALYSIS APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A DIALYSIS APPARATUS

Dialysis apparatus including a blood treatment unit having a dialysate chamber and a blood chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane, a dialysate circuit presenting a supply line and a discharge line connected to the blood treatment unit, a preparation device for preparing a dialysate containing a substance present in the blood too and a regulator regulating the concentration of the substance in the dialysate. A blood circuit to circulate extracorporeal blood through the blood chamber; a controller that determines a value representative of the concentration of the substance in the blood and are programmed for driving the regulator as a function of the determined value representative of the substance concentration in the blood such that the substance concentration in the dialysate tends towards the substance concentration in the blood. 118. to . (canceled)19. A dialysis apparatus comprising:a blood treatment unit comprising a dialysate chamber and a blood chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane;a dialysate circuit comprising a supply line and a discharge line connected to said blood treatment unit, respectively, upstream and downstream of said dialysate chamber;a preparation device configured to prepare a dialysate containing a substance which is also present in blood, the preparation device includes a regulator configured to regulate a concentration of the substance in dialysate, said preparation device being connected to said supply line;a blood circuit configured to circulate extracorporeal blood through said blood chamber;a controller configured to determine a value representative of the concentration of said substance in the blood and configured to drive the regulator as a function of the determined value representative of the substance concentration in the blood such that the substance concentration in the dialysate trends towards the substance concentration in the blood.20. The apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein said substance is a ionic ...

PREPARATION APPARATUS AND PREPARATION METHOD FOR DIALYSIS FLUID OF VARIABLE BICARBONATE ION CONCENTRATION TYPE, DIALYSATE OF VARIABLE BICARBONATE ION CONCENTRATION TYPE, AND DIALYSIS SYSTEM OF VARIABLE BICARBONATE ION CONCENTRATION TYPE

Technology for preparing a dialysis fluid capable of flexibly changing bicarbonate ion concentration and maintaining concentrations of electrolytes such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium at constant levels during dialysis according to the disease state of a patient. A three-component dialysate containing an agent S containing sodium chloride, an agent B containing sodium bicarbonate, and an agent A containing electrolyte components other than sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, with suitable adjustment of the amount of the agent B during dialysis fluid preparation maintains concentrations of trace metal ions such as potassium ions, calcium ions, and magnesium ions in a dialysis fluid at constant levels and flexibly changes the bicarbonate ion concentration therein. Adjusting the ratio between the amount of the agent S and agent B when the dialysate is used also makes it possible to maintain the sodium ion concentration at a constant level or flexibly change the sodium ion concentration. 1. A dialysis fluid preparation apparatus comprising:an agent S container that accommodates an agent S containing sodium chloride and has an outlet,an agent B container that accommodates an agent B containing sodium bicarbonate and has an outlet,an agent A container that accommodates an agent A containing electrolyte components other than sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate and has an outlet,a mixing part in which the agent S discharged from the agent S container, the agent B discharged from the agent B container, and the agent A discharged from the agent A container are mixed to give a dialysis fluid,an input part that receives an input of dialysis fluid data containing bicarbonate concentration information that specifies a bicarbonate ion concentration in the dialysis fluid, anda control part that controls at least an amount of the agent B supplied to the mixing part based on the dialysis fluid data so as to change the bicarbonate ion concentration in the dialysis fluid, ...

BUFFERED COMPOSITIONS FOR DIALYSIS

Acid concentrates, and dialysate compositions prepared therefrom, contain citric acid and an effective amount of a buffering agent selected from acetate and/or lactate. The buffering agent allows a physiologically acceptable amount of citrate to maintain the desired pH of the dialysate. 1. A method of forming a dialysate precursor composition comprising mixing treated water , chloride , citrate , at least one buffering anion selected from acetate and/or lactate , and at least one physiologically-acceptable cation to provide a composition having chloride at a concentration ranging from about 1 ,000 to about 7 ,000 mEq/L , citrate at a concentration ranging from about 20 to about 900 mEq/L , and at least one buffering anion selected from acetate and lactate at a concentration ranging from about 0.01 to about 150 mEq/L.2. The method of comprising citrate at a concentration ranging from about 70 to about 150 mEq/L.3. The method of wherein the buffering anion is acetate at a concentration ranging from about 0.3 to about 125 mEq/L.4. The method of wherein the buffering anion is lactate at a concentration ranging from about 0.3 to about 125 mEq/L.5. The method of wherein the physiologically-acceptable cation is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the dialysate precursor with a sugar selected from glucose claim 1 , poly(glucose) and fructose claim 1 , at a concentration of less than about 2 claim 1 ,700 g/L.7. The method of wherein the citrate is in the form of at least one of citric acid or a salt thereof selected from a group consisting of sodium dihydrogen citrate claim 1 , disodium hydrogen citrate claim 1 , trisodium citrate claim 1 , trisodium citrate dihydrate claim 1 , potassium dihydrogen citrate claim 1 , dipotassium hydrogen citrate claim 1 , calcium citrate claim 1 , and magnesium citrate.8. ...

Methods Of Synthesizing Hydrous Zirconium Oxide And Other Oxides

The present invention relates to sol gel hydrous metal oxide particles, such as hydrous zirconium oxide particles, their manufacture, and their use in such applications as sorbent dialysis. 1. Hydrous metal oxide particles comprising:at least one hydrous metal oxide; andat least one oxygen-containing additive;wherein the oxygen-containing additive comprises at least one polar group or a charged group or both; andwherein the oxygen-containing additive is present as a soluble ligand that forms a complex with a metal ion of the hydrous metal oxide.2. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein a metal ion of the hydrous metal oxide comprises a zirconium ion claim 1 , a hafnium ion claim 1 , a titanium ion claim 1 , a tin ion claim 1 , or a lead ion.3. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein the metal ion is a zirconium ion.4. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing additive comprises a molecular weight from about 50 to about 500 Da.5. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing additive comprises a surfactant.6. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing additive comprises a dispersant.7. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 6 , wherein the dispersant is tartaric acid.8. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing additive comprises acetic acid claim 1 , soda ash claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , tartaric acid claim 1 , EDTA claim 1 , glycerol claim 1 , sodium dodecyl sulfate claim 1 , or any combination thereof.9. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein the hydrous metal oxide particles have a particle size range of from about 2 to about 200 microns.10. The hydrous metal oxide particles of claim 1 , wherein the hydrous metal oxide particles have a particle size distribution of less than 25% in the range of less than about 25 microns claim 1 , less than 5% in the range of more than ...

CONTROL OF A WATER DEVICE VIA A DIALYSIS MACHINE USER INTERFACE

A home medical device system includes a home therapy machine for performing a home therapy on a patient; a user interface operably connected to the home therapy machine, the user interface receiving operator inputs; a water treatment device in fluid communication with the home therapy machine; and a data connection between the home therapy machine and the water treatment device, wherein the home therapy machine transmits data via the connection to the water treatment device for control of the water treatment device, the data provided based on at least one of the operator inputs received via the user interface. 1. A home medical device system comprising:a home therapy machine for performing a home therapy on a patient;a user interface operably connected to the home therapy machine, the user interface receiving operator inputs;a water treatment device in fluid communication with the home therapy machine; anda data connection between the home therapy machine and the water treatment device, wherein the home therapy machine transmits data via the connection to the water treatment device for control of the water treatment device, the data provided based on at least one of the operator inputs received via the user interface.2. The home medical device system of claim 1 , wherein the water treatment device transmits to the home therapy machine at least one of: (i) state information claim 1 , (ii) component life information claim 1 , (iii) self test results claim 1 , (iv) alert information or (v) version information.3. The home medical device system of claim 2 , wherein the user interface displays at least one of: (i) the state information claim 2 , (ii) the component life information claim 2 , (iii) the self test results claim 2 , (iv) the alert information or (v) the version information.4. The home medical device system of claim 1 , in which the home therapy machine transmits to the water treatment device at least one of: (i) state change requests claim 1 , (ii) status ...

FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR PREPARATION OF FLUIDS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Systems, methods, and devices for preparation of purified water and medicaments for various uses including blood treatment are described. Methods, devices, and systems for creating multiple-treatment batches are described. For example, a medicament fluid circuit can include a container with an interior chamber. The container can have a fluid filling port and a fluid extraction port. Both ports can be connected to the interior chamber. The filling port can have two sterilizing filters, each of which has a membrane. The sterilizing filters can be connected in series the membranes are separated by a distance of at least 0.5 cm. A first of the sterilizing filters can have a sealed inlet. The fluid extraction port can be sealed. 118-. (canceled)19. A medicament fluid circuit , comprising:a container with an interior chamber;the container having a fluid filling port and a fluid extraction port, both connected to the interior chamber;the filling port having two sterilizing filters, each with a membrane, the sterilizing filters being connected in series such that their membranes are separated by a distance of at least 0.5 cm.;a first of the sterilizing filters having a sealed inlet;the fluid extraction port being sealed.20. The fluid circuit of claim 19 , where the fluid extraction port includes a line and the fluid extraction port line has a pyrogen filter connected thereto to filter contents passing through the fluid extraction port line.21. The fluid circuit of claim 19 , wherein the filling port has a filling line with a clamp pre-attached to it.22. A medicament fluid circuit claim 19 , comprising:a container with an interior chamber;the container having a fluid filling port, a fluid extraction port, and a pre-fill port all connected to the interior chamber;the pre-fill port having an inline ultrafilter;the fluid extraction port and the fluid filling ports being sealed by removable seals.23. The fluid circuit of claim 22 , wherein the container is a flexible bag capable ...

CONCENTRATE FOR A DIALYSIS LIQUID AND DIALYSIS LIQUID MADE FROM IT

Concentrate for a dialysis liquid, at least comprising one acid and one physiologically acceptable electrolyte, characterized in that the acid comprises at least one acidic ion exchanger or is an acidic ion exchanger. 1. A concentrate for a dialysis liquid , comprising at least one acid and one physiologically acceptable electrolyte , characterized in that the acid comprises at least one acidic ion exchanger or is an acidic ion exchanger.2. The concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic ion exchanger comprises protonated and/or protonable groups selected from sulfonate groups claim 1 , sulfate groups claim 1 , phosphate groups claim 1 , phosphonate groups claim 1 , carboxylate groups claim 1 , and combinations of two or more thereof.3. The concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one physiologically acceptable electrolyte comprises cations selected from the cations of magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , or mixtures of two or more thereof; and comprises anions selected from chloride claim 1 , acetate claim 1 , lactate claim 1 , or two or more thereof.4. The concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the concentrate comprises sodium chloride.5. The concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the concentrate is provided as dry concentrate.6. The concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the concentrate comprises at least one acidic ion exchanger claim 1 , a physiologically acceptable electrolyte and sodium chloride; wherein the acidic ion exchanger claim 1 , the physiologically acceptable electrolyte and sodium chloride are provided in combined form; or wherein the acidic ion exchanger and sodium are provided in combined form and the physiologically acceptable electrolyte separately from it; or wherein the acidic ion exchanger and the physiologically acceptable electrolyte are provided in combined form and sodium chloride separately from it; or wherein the acidic ion exchanger and the physiologically ...

Producing method for living organism-applicable hydrogen-contained fluid and producing apparatus for the same

A producing method for a living organism-applicable hydrogen-contained fluid, which includes hydrogen molecules in living organism-applicable fluid enclosed in a container ( 2 i ) with hydrogen molecule permeability, is provided. This method includes a hydrogen exposing step of exposing hydrogen molecules to the container ( 2 i ) in which the living organism-applicable fluid is enclosed from the outside of the container without opening the container. The container with hydrogen molecule permeability is one that allows a dissolved hydrogen concentration of a normal saline solution to be 1 ppb or greater when the container filled with the normal saline solution is immersed for 5 hours in a volume of hydrogen water, which stably maintains an approximately saturated state (1.6 ppm at 20 C degrees under 1 barometric pressure) and is 20 times the content volume of the container.

Citrate-Based Dialysate Chemical Formulations

The present invention constitutes dialysate formulations that are suitable for use in preparing dialysate solutions for use in batch and/or proportioning systems and for improving dialysis efficiency by reducing or preventing clotting of the dialysis flow paths. The dialysate chemical formulations for one batch of dialysate comprise an acid concentrate stored in a first vessel, and a citrate-containing bicarbonate concentrate stored in a second vessel. The contents of the first and second vessels are emptied into a dialysate preparation tank and mixed with water to form a batch quantity of dialysate solution. Alternately, a dry acid and/or a dry citrate-containing base concentrates are dissolved separately in measured quantities of water to form liquid concentrates which are then used in conjunction with a proportioning machine to generate on-line a final dialysis solution stream. 176-. (canceled)77. A method of making a dialysate and circulating the dialysate comprising:(a) mixing a base concentrate, an acid concentrate, and water so as to produce dialysate, said base concentrate comprising a citrate, bicarbonate and a salt, wherein a sodium contribution of said base concentrate to the dialysate ranges from 100 to 150 mEq/L and said acid concentrate comprising an acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, citric acid and lactic acid, wherein (i) a sodium contribution of said acid concentrate to the dialysate ranges from 10 to 20 mEq/L, (ii) the combination of the sodium contributions of said base concentrate and said acid concentrate to the dialysate ranges from 125 to 150 mEq/L;(b) measuring conductivity of said dialysate with a conductivity sensor; and(c) circulating said dialysate to a dialysate side of a dialyzer if said conductivity of said dialysate ranges from between about 12.5 and about 15.7 mS/cm and not circulating the dialysate if said conductivity falls outside of said conductivity range.78. The method of claim 77 , wherein said citrate is ...

Heating apparatus for heating dialysis liquid, dialysis liquid tube set, set, medical apparatus and methods

A heating apparatus for heating a dialysis liquid includes a receiving section for receiving a heating bag through which dialysis liquid to be heated can flow, and a sensor system for determining or monitoring the deformation or the position of the heating bag in the receiving section of the heating apparatus or both. A dialysis liquid tube set, a set, a medical apparatus and a method are also described. 1. A heating apparatus for heating a dialysis liquid , comprising:a receiving section for receiving a heating bag through which the dialysis liquid can flow for being heated; anda sensor system for determining or monitoring a deformation of the heating bag or a location of the heating bag in at least one of the heating apparatus or the receiving section of the heating apparatus.2. The heating apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the receiving section is configured for allowing the deformation of the heating bag due to an interior pressure of the heating bag in only one extension direction of the heating bag.3. The heating apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the heating apparatus or the receiving section comprises at least one reinforcing element which is arranged for effecting a reinforcement of the receiving section against a radially acting pressure of the heating bag.4. The heating apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the heating apparatus is configured for enclosing the flow-through heating bag with respect to a circumferential direction of the heating bag along a whole length of the heating bag.5. The heating apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the heating apparatus is arranged for cylindrically enclosing the flow-through heating bag.6. The heating apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor system for monitoring the deformation the heating bag comprises at least one mechanical or one optical sensor.7. The heating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:an apparatus for at least one of outputting an alarm or for stopping a ...

Bag with a flexurally rigid plastic part welded into it

The subject of the invention is a bag for receiving, preparing and producing dialysis fluid. The invention relates in particular to a bag having a sealing bordering line and a flexurally rigid hard plastic part connected to the film material. The hard plastic part is connected to the film material separately from the sealing bordering line and offers an area for gripping the bag for fastening it without having to act mechanically on the sealing bordering line in a direct manner.

Medical device for extracorporal treatment of blood with filter holder

A filter holder for the support of a filter on the casing of a medical device for extra-corporal blood treatment is disclosed. The filter holder has a first grip leg and a second grip leg, which are arranged with respect to each other so that a reception area is formed between the two grip legs. The filter can be inserted into this reception area between the two grip legs, so that the filter is held in the filter holder against the force of gravity. At least one trough- or U-shaped indentation is provided on at least one grip leg, whose cross-section enables the wedging in of a hose. A medical device for extra-corporal blood treatment with such a filter holder for the reception of a filter is also disclosed.

DIALYSIS CASSETTES AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

A method that includes conveying overheated dialysate through a cassette in a manner to reduce the temperature of the overheated dialysate, and a dialysis system including a control unit configured to cause overheated dialysate to be conveyed through a cassette in a manner to reduce the temperature of the overheated dialysate. 1. A method of controlling the temperature of liquid in a dialysis cassette that includes a first pump chamber configured to cooperate with a first pump to pump liquid within the dialysis cassette , and a second pump chamber configured to cooperate with a second pump to pump liquid within the dialysis cassette , the method includingcooling the liquid in the dialysis cassette by pumping liquid from the first pump chamber to the second pump chamber.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pumping the liquid from the second pump chamber of the dialysis cassette back to the first pump chamber of the dialysis cassette.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the liquid is pumped back and forth between the first and second pump chambers of the dialysis cassette until the liquid reaches the desired temperature.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising turning off a heating device configured to heat the liquid in the dialysis cassette claim 1 , and closing an outlet passage formed in the cassette such that the liquid is substantially prevented from exiting the cassette via the outlet passage.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a fluid line is connected to the outlet passage and to a patient claim 4 , and closing the outlet passage substantially prevents the liquid from being delivered via the fluid line to the patient.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein unheated liquid is present in the second pump chamber when the liquid heated to a temperature greater than the desired temperature is pumped into the second pump chamber.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein claim 6 , when a mixture of the unheated liquid and the liquid heated to a temperature greater ...

Filtration system for preparation of fluids for medical applications

Systems, methods, and devices for preparation of water for various uses including blood treatment are described. In embodiments, fluid is passed through a first filtration step which is effective for creating purified water and a pair of ultrafilters placed at the outlet. The ultrafilters are separated by an intervening flow path to prevent grow-through from the outlet end upstream. In embodiments, a recirculation path with an air removing filter helps to eliminate air from the ultimate product water.

BUFFERED COMPOSITIONS FOR DIALYSIS

Acid concentrates, and dialysate compositions prepared therefrom, contain citric acid and an effective amount of a buffering agent selected from acetate and/or lactate. The buffering agent allows a physiologically acceptable amount of citrate to maintain the desired pH of the dialysate. 116-. (canceled)17. An aqueous acid-concentrate composition comprising water , chloride at a concentration of about 1 ,000 to about 7 ,000 mEq/L; citrate at a concentration ranging from about 20 to about 900 mEq/L; and sufficient physiologically-acceptable cations comprising calcium to provide for a neutral composition , where the composition has a pH of less than 4 , and does not contain any of acetate , bicarbonate or lactate.1819-. (canceled)20. The aqueous acid-concentrate composition of comprising water claim 17 , chloride at a concentration of 2 claim 17 ,000 to 5 claim 17 ,000 mEq/L; citrate at a concentration ranging from 70 to 150 mEq/L; and sufficient physiologically-acceptable cations to provide for a neutral composition claim 17 , where the composition has a pH of between 2 and 3 claim 17 , and does not contain any of acetate claim 17 , bicarbonate or lactate.21. The aqueous acid-concentrate composition of wherein the physiologically-acceptable cations comprise a combination of calcium and magnesium.22. The aqueous acid-concentrate composition of wherein the physiologically-acceptable cations comprise a combination of calcium and magnesium.23. The aqueous acid-concentrate composition of where the composition has a pH of between 2.2 and 2.8 and does not contain any of bicarbonate claim 17 , acetate or lactate.24. The aqueous acid-concentrate composition of where the composition has a pH of between 2.2 and 2.8 and does not contain any of bicarbonate claim 20 , acetate or lactate.25. A method of preparing an aqueous dialysate composition comprising mixing the aqueous acid-concentrate of claim 20 , claim 20 , claim 20 , claim 20 , or with a basic solution containing water and ...

PRESSURE CONVERTER-PROTECTIVE DEVICE FOR BLOOD TUBING SYSTEMS

The invention relates to a protective device for a pressure converter in a blood treatment machine. Traditional converter-protective devices are not easy to mount on the treatment machine because they offer the user hardly any gripping surface. With the converter-protective device according to the present invention, the housing with the anti-contamination barrier can be gripped on the main surface in mounting it and can be inserted into the machine. This is achieved by the fact that the connector axes and the housing with the anti-contamination barrier are situated in parallel planes which are arranged perpendicular to the surface of the device after assembly. Due to this orientation, both sides of the anti-contamination barrier can be observed from the front at the sides during operation so that rupture of the anti-contamination barrier can easily be detected by the user. 1. A converter-protective device comprising a flat transparent housing consisting of a front wall and a rear wall which form the main area of the housing , at least one narrow side wall and a gas-permeable liquid barrier which divides the housing into two chambers; the converter-protective device additionally comprises a first tubular connector for connection to a blood treatment machine and a second tubular connector for connection to a blood tubing system such that a tubular connector is connected to each chamber , characterized in the tubular connector is positioned on the side wall of the flat housing , the tubular connector and the main area of the housing thereby being aligned essentially in parallel along an axis , so that the front and rear walls of the housing can be used as a gripping surface , for mounting on the blood treatment machine.2. The device according to characterized in that the housing consists of a first part and a second part claim 1 , the two parts being connected to one another in a liquid-tight manner with the gas-permeable liquid barrier being arranged between the parts ...

Blood Purification System

A blood purification system includes a plurality of monitoring devices ( 1 ) each attached to a dialyzer ( 5 ) to perform a blood purification treatment on a patient. A dialysate supplying device ( 2 ) supplies a dialysate to each of the monitoring devices ( 1 ). The plurality of monitoring devices ( 1 ) and the dialysate supplying device ( 2 ) are connected to each other by a LAN cable α. Thus, predetermined individual information relating to the plurality of monitoring devices ( 1 ) is transmitted from each of the monitoring devices ( 1 ) to the dialysate supplying device ( 2 ).

Device and Method for Detecting the Recirculation During an Extracorporeal Blood Treatment

A device and method for detecting recirculation for an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus and an apparatus with a device for detecting recirculation are based on targeted haemodilution by administration of a substituate bolus, causing a pressure change in venous and arterial branches of the extracorporeal circuit due to a viscosity change of flowing fluid. 1. A device for detecting recirculation for an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus , the extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus comprising an extracorporeal blood circuit with an arterial blood line , which leads to a first chamber of a dialyser or filter divided by a membrane into the first chamber and a second chamber , and a venous blood line , which leads away from the first chamber of the dialyser or filter , a fluid system , which comprises the second chamber of the dialyser or filter , a device for conveying blood at a preset blood flow rate Qthrough the arterial blood line into the first chamber of the dialyser or filter and through the venous blood line from the first chamber of the dialyser or filter , and a device for supplying substituate to the blood at a preset substituate rate Qin the arterial blood line upstream of the dialyser or filter , the device for detecting the recirculation comprising:a measuring unit adapted for measuring pressure in the extracorporeal circuit in the arterial and/or venous blood line,an evaluation unit adapted for detecting the recirculation based on the pressure measurement, and{'sub': b1', 'b2', 's, 'a control unit cooperating with the device for conveying blood and the device for supplying substituate, the control unit being adapted, in an operating mode for detecting the recirculation, to control the device for conveying blood such that in a preset time interval, a preset first blood flow rate Qis reduced to a preset second blood flow rate Q, and to control the device for supplying substituate such that in the preset time interval, substituate is fed at ...

WEIGHT-CONTROLLED SORBENT SYSTEM FOR HEMODIALYSIS

A hemodialysis system including (i) a dialyzer, (ii) a blood circuit including a blood pump in fluid communication with the dialyzer, (iii) a dialysate circuit including a dialysate circulation pump in fluid communication with the dialyzer, the dialysate circuit further including a sorbent cartridge for cleaning used dialysate, (iv) a dialysate reservoir, (v) a reservoir pump in fluid communication with the dialysate circuit and the dialysate reservoir, (vi) a supply of concentrate for reconstituting dialysate in the dialysate circuit, and (vii) wherein the hemodialysis system is configured to electronically weigh the dialysate reservoir and the supply of concentrate. 1. A hemodialysis system comprising:a dialyzer;a blood circuit including a blood pump in fluid communication with the dialyzer;a dialysate circuit including a dialysate circulation pump in fluid communication with the dialyzer, the dialysate circuit further including a sorbent cartridge for cleaning used dialysate;a dialysate reservoir;a reservoir pump in fluid communication with the dialysate circuit and the dialysate reservoir;a supply of concentrate for reconstituting dialysate in the dialysate circuit; andwherein the hemodialysis system is configured to electronically weigh the dialysate reservoir and the supply of concentrate.2. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the dialysate reservoir holds an initial batch of dialysate.3. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the dialysate reservoir and the supply of concentrate are weighed by a same electronic balance.4. The hemodialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir pump is positioned and arranged to also pump concentrate from the concentrate supply.5. The hemodialysis system of claim 4 , which includes a first valve positioned between the dialysis reservoir and the reservoir pump and a second valve positioned between the concentrate supply and the reservoir pump.6. A hemodialysis system comprising:a dialyzer;a blood circuit ...

DIALYSIS AGENT A CONTAINING ACETIC ACID AND ACETATE SALT, AND A TWO-PART DIALYSIS AGENT USING THEREOF

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dialysis agent A, which is able to set the total acetate ion content in the dialysate to a low value, excellent in storage stability of glucose, able to reduce the acetic acid odor, and able to suppress the corrosion of the dialysate delivery system and the dialysis machine, as well as to provide a two pack type dialysis agent utilizing the dialysis agent A. 1. A dialysis agent A used in the preparation of a bicarbonate dialysate , which is used as one part of a two pack type dialysis agent , comprising glucose , acetic acid , and acetate salt ,wherein the molar ratio of acetic acid:acetate salt is 1:0.5 to 2, andacetic acid and acetate salt in a total amount of between 2 mEq or more and less than 6 mEq are contained in the dialysis agent A required to prepare 1 L of the bicarbonate dialysate.2. The dialysis agent A according to claim 1 , wherein when the dialysis agent A is converted into a state of an aqueous solution that is concentrated to 35 times the concentration of each component in the finally prepared dialysate claim 1 , the pH shows 3.9 to 4.6.3. The dialysis agent A according to claim 1 , wherein the acetate salt is sodium acetate.4. The dialysis agent A according to claim 1 , which further comprises a physiologically available electrolyte other than acetic acid and acetate salt.5. The dialysis agent A according to claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium chloride claim 4 , potassium chloride claim 4 , magnesium chloride claim 4 , and calcium chloride.6. The dialysis agent A according to claim 1 , which is in the form of a solid.7. The dialysis agent A according to claim 6 , wherein the acetic acid and acetate salt are contained as a mixture of acetic acid and acetate salt.8. The dialysis agent A according to claim 6 , wherein the acetic acid and acetate salt are contained as a mixture of glacial acetic acid and anhydrous sodium acetate.9. The dialysis agent A according to claim 6 , ...

Dialysis machine

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a dialysis system having a disposable cartridge which includes one or more flowpaths arranged on or within the cartridge.

Dialysis implant and methods of use

A device and methods for treating renal failure are disclosed. One embodiment of the device is an implantable peritoneal dialysis device. When in use, the device can have a semi-permeable reservoir implanted in the peritoneal cavity. The reservoir can receive blood waste and drain through one or more conduits, via a pump, to the biological bladder. Solids and/or a solution benefiting dialysis can be pumped to the reservoir and/or implanted in the peritoneal cavity.

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS INTRACYCLE OSMOTIC AGENT ADJUSTMENT

The invention relates to systems and methods for making intracycle adjustments to an osmotic agent concentration of peritoneal dialysate inside the peritoneal cavity of a patient. The systems and methods include osmotic agent sources, flow paths, and processors to adjust the osmotic agent concentration of dialysate in the peritoneal cavity of the patient. The method can include infusing peritoneal dialysate containing an osmotic agent into the peritoneal cavity of a patient; monitoring one or more patient parameters; and adjusting the osmotic agent concentration of the peritoneal dialysate in the peritoneal cavity of the patient by infusing a concentrated osmotic agent solution or by infusing sterile fluid into the peritoneal cavity of the patient using an on-line peritoneal dialysis machine. The system can include a peritoneal dialysis cycler. 1infusing peritoneal dialysate containing an osmotic agent into the peritoneal cavity of a patient;monitoring one or more patient parameters; andadjusting the osmotic agent concentration of the peritoneal dialysate in the peritoneal cavity of the patient by infusing a concentrated osmotic agent solution or by infusing sterile fluid into the peritoneal cavity of the patient using the on-line peritoneal dialysis machine.. A method for adjusting an osmotic agent concentration in a peritoneal cavity, comprising the steps of: This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/666,631 filed Aug. 2, 2017, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/373,228 filed Aug. 10, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.The invention relates to systems and methods for making intracycle adjustments to an osmotic agent concentration of peritoneal dialysate inside the peritoneal cavity of a patient. The systems and methods include osmotic agent sources, flow paths, and processors to adjust the osmotic agent concentration of dialysate in the ...

DEVICE FOR EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD TREATMENT COMPRISING AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF A BLOOD TREATMENT DEVICE

A device for extracorporeal blood treatment, in particular a dialysis device, including an internal fluidic system for a treatment liquid, in particular for a dialysis liquid, the internal fluidic system having at least two liquid connectors for connecting a substantially cylindrical filter element, in particular a dialyzer, to the internal fluidic system for passing a treatment liquid through the filter element, and including a mounting for exchangeably holding the filter element in such a way that the filter element can be connected to the liquid connectors of the internal fluidic system and to an extracorporeal blood line in an intended manner, wherein the mounting for holding the filter element is designed in such a way that a cylinder longitudinal axis of the filter element is substantially horizontally aligned. 111.-. (canceled)12. A device for extracorporeal blood treatment , the device comprising:(a) an internal fluidic system for a treatment liquid, said internal fluidic system having at least two liquid connectors for connecting a cylindrical filter element to the internal fluidic system for passing a treatment liquid through the filter element, and(b) a mounting configured to hold the filter element such that the filter element can be connected to the at least two liquid connectors of the internal fluidic system and to an extracorporeal blood line, wherein the mounting is oriented such that a cylinder longitudinal axis of the filter element is substantially horizontally aligned when the filter element is held by the mounting.13. The device according to claim 12 , wherein the mounting has at least one horizontally aligned contact surface for the filter element.14. The device according to claim 12 , wherein the filter element is rotatable about its cylinder longitudinal axis while in the mounting.15. The device according to claim 12 , wherein the mounting can be pivoted on the device about a horizontal axis in an angular range a of about ±5° about the ...

INTEGRATED WATER TESTING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ULTRA-LOW TOTAL CHLORINE DETECTION

A dialysis method and system for determining an amount of total chlorine in a partially purified water sample is disclosed. The system includes a water machine that produces at least partially purified water including an at least partially purified water sample and a dialysis machine that provides a dialysis treatment to a patient. The dialysis machine receives the at least partially purified water from the water machine to prepare dialysis fluid for the dialysis treatment. The system also includes a total chlorine detector configured to receive the at least partially purified water sample, at a first time apply a source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample, and at a second time stop applying the source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample and instead monitor a sensed electrical parameter to determine an amount of total chlorine in the at least partially purified water sample. 1. A method of determining an amount of total chlorine in a water sample for a hemodialysis treatment , the method comprising:producing, via a water purification machine, an at least partially purified water sample;receiving, in a total chlorine detector, the at least partially purified water sample from the water purification machine;applying at a first time, via the total chlorine detector, a source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample;removing at a second time, via the total chlorine detector, the source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample;measuring, after the second time, via the total chlorine detector, an electrical parameter of the at least partially purified water sample; anddetermining, via the total chlorine detector, the amount of total chlorine in the at least partially purified water sample based on the measured electrical parameter.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total chlorine detector is included within at least one of the water purification machine or a dialysis machine that receives at least ...

ANTICOAGULATION FLUID COMPRISING CITRATE AND PHOSPHATE

The present invention concerns an anticoagulation fluid comprising 10-40 mM citrate and 0.1-4 mM phosphate. The anticoagulation fluid is to be used for regional citrate anticoagulation in an extracorporeal blood circuit. The anticoagulation fluid may be combined with at least one treatment fluid in a dialysis treatment, and it may be included in a system for regional citrate anticoagulation in an extracorporeal blood circuit. 1. A single anticoagulation fluid for regional citrate anticoagulation in an extracorporeal blood circuit , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 18-40 mM basic citrate; 0-5 mM acid citrate; and 0.1-3 mM phosphate , the single anticoagulation fluid having a pH between 7.4 and 8.2. The single anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 20-40 mM basic citrate.3. The single anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 0.5-2.0 mM phosphate.4. The single anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 0.8-2 mM phosphate.5. The single anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 0-150 mM sodium.6. The single anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 0-1.5 mM magnesium claim 1 , 0-4 mM calcium claim 1 , 0-5.0 mM potassium claim 1 , 0-11 mM glucose claim 1 , and 0-150 mM sodium.7. The single anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 18 mM basic citrate.8. The single anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the single anticoagulation fluid comprises 0 mM acid citrate. The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/780,359, filed Sep. 25, 2015, entitled “AN ANTICOAGULATION FLUID COMPRISING CITRATE AND PHOSPHATE”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,420,797 on Sep. 24, 2019, which is a National Phase of ...

Medicament Preparation and Treatment Devices, Methods, and Systems

A medicament preparation system, according to an embodiment, includes a water purification module and a medicament proportioning module. The system is configured to allow convenient and safe use in a home environment or a critical care environment as well as others affording safety, reliability, and a compact form factor. 1. A compact medicament supply system to support blood treatment systems susceptible to leakage current from an electric heater used to heat medicament due to the inherent formation of a fluid path between the electric heater and a patient , comprising:a water purification module having a pump and a controller, the water purification module having deionization filters of sufficient capacity and the pump controlled to purify water to a level of purity exceeding 1 megaohm-cm and providing product water at least that level of purity to a product water output connected to an electric heater;a water channel of a predefined length and of electrically insulating material connecting the electric heater to a medicament proportioning module disposable fluid circuit, the water channel receiving said product water from said electric heater;the electric heater being of a configuration that places the product water in direct contact with permanent non-disposable surfaces of a flow channel in said electric heater; anda sterile filter connected to receive said product water at a point along said water channel, the water channel having a output connector for connecting to the medicament proportioning system;the medicament proportioning system, principally of electrically insulating material, connected to supply a conductive medicament solution to a treatment component connected to a patient via a blood circuit including a patient access such that a continuous fluid path between said electric heater and said patient access at times during a treatment;a controller adapted for controlling the electric heater responsively to a measured temperature and temperature ...

INTRADIALYTIC USE OF SODIUM THIOSULFATE

Provided herein are methods for maintaining physiological levels of thiosulfate in a subject undergoing hemodialysis. Also provided herein are methods of administering pharmaceutically acceptable sodium thiosulfate to a subject undergoing hemodialysis. 119-. (canceled)20. A method for preventing angina , cerebral vasospasm , claudication , critical limb ischemia , peripheral vascular disease , or sickle cell crisis in a subject undergoing dialysis , comprising intradialytically contacting said subject's blood with a dialyzer membrane that is also in contact with a thiosulfate-spiked dialysate , wherein an aqueous solution comprising sodium thiosulfate is added to an unspiked dialysate as the unspiked dialysate flows from a dialysis machine to a dialyzer membrane , wherein said unspiked dialysate comprises a mixture of water , an acid concentrate solution , and a bicarbonate concentrate solution , and wherein said thiosulfate-spiked dialysate has a pH greater than about 7.0 , wherein the concentration of thiosulfate in said thiosulfate-spiked dialysate is no more than about 10 micromolar.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the physiological level of thiosulfate in said subject is no more than about 10 micromolar.22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the physiological level of thiosulfate in said subject is between about 500 nanomolar and about 5 micromolar.23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the physiological level of thiosulfate in said subject is about 3 micromolar.24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the concentration of thiosulfate in said thiosulfate-spiked dialysate is between about 500 nanomolar and about 5 micromolar.25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the concentration of thiosulfate in said thiosulfate-spiked dialysate is about 3 micromolar.26. The method of claim 20 , wherein said aqueous solution comprising sodium thiosulfate comprises no more than about 300 mg/L of sodium thiosulfate.27. The method of claim 20 , wherein said water comprises no more ...

Blood purification apparatus

A blood purification apparatus including a line section through which working dialysate to be introduced into a blood purifier or drain liquid discharged from the blood purifier is caused to flow; a delivery unit that delivers liquid in the line section; an introduction port connected to a supply route through which undiluted dialysate or the working dialysate is supplied, the introduction port allowing the undiluted dialysate or the working dialysate in the supply route to be introduced into the apparatus; an introduction route connected to the introduction port and through which the undiluted dialysate or the working dialysate introduced from the introduction port flows into the line section; a valve unit provided to the introduction route and being capable of opening or closing the introduction route by being opened or closed; and a control unit that controls an operation of opening or closing the valve unit. The control unit is capable of executing a flushing step in which when a cleaning solution or a disinfecting solution is caused to flow through the supply route, the valve unit is opened to allow the cleaning solution or the disinfecting solution flowing in the supply route to flow into the introduction route and through the line section to be discharged to an outside of the apparatus.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF A MEDICAL FLUID

Systems and apparatuses for preparing a medical fluid are disclosed. In an example embodiment, a system is configured to initially control a dosing of a first concentrate, while not feeding a second concentrate, under feedback control via a concentration sensor to a first pump to feed the first concentrate. When a concentration has reached a preselected concentration level, a value for a feeding parameter for the first pump to feed the first concentrate is determined. Additionally, the system is configured to control the dosing of both the first and the second concentrates by switching the feedback control via the concentration sensor, from control of the first pump to control of a second pump to feed the second concentrate. During this time, the system controls the first pump to feed the first concentrate based on the determined value of the feeding parameter. 1: A system for dosing of at least two concentrates into water for on-line preparation of a medical fluid , said system comprising:a main line for feeding of water;a first line with a first pump for feeding of a first concentrate into the main line at a first mixing point;a second line with a second pump for feeding of a second concentrate into the main line at a second mixing point;a concentration sensor arranged in the main line downstream of both the first and the second mixing points; and (i) initially control the dosing of the first concentrate, while not feeding the second concentrate, under feedback control via the concentration sensor to the first pump to feed the first concentrate, such that when a concentration measured by the concentration sensor has reached a first preselected concentration level, a value for a feeding parameter for the first pump to feed the first concentrate is determined, and', '(ii) after the determination of the value for the feeding parameter, control the dosing of both the first and the second concentrates by switching the feedback control via the concentration sensor, from ...

COMPOSITION FOR PURIFICATION OF BIOFLUIDS

Disclosed is a composition for the purification of biofluids, for example, for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, comprising an osmotic agent and a toxin-removal reagent, wherein the toxin-removal reagent can remove a toxin from a biofluid under a condition for osmosis. Provided are a dialysis solution and a kit comprising the aforementioned composition, a method for removing a toxin from a biofluid using the aforementioned composition, and a method for treating a toxin-related disease. 1. A composition comprising an osmotic agent and a toxin-removal reagent , wherein the osmotic agent provides an osmotic pressure substantially equal to or higher than that of a biofluid , and the toxin-removal reagent reduces a toxin in the biofluid under a condition for osmosis.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the toxin-removal reagent reduces free amount claim 1 , non-free amount claim 1 , and/or total amount of the toxin in the biofluid.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the toxin-removal reagent has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of: 1) having a porous structure; 2) capable of forming a charged structure; 3) capable of binding to the toxin through a non-covalent bond or a covalent bond or an ionic bond; and 4) capable of degrading the toxin.6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the toxin-removal reagent has a porous structure claim 5 , and the porous structure has one or more of the following characteristics:{'sup': 2', '2, '1) having a specific surface area of 70 cm/g−1000 m/g;'}2) having a pore size in a range of 0.1 nm-10 μm;3) having a pore size distribution of 0.1 nm-100 μm;4) having a porosity of about 5-95%; and5) capable of adsorbing the toxin at an adsorption rate of at least 0.2 mg/g.7. The composition according to claim 6 , wherein the toxin-removal reagent having a porous structure is selected from the group consisting of a silicon-based porous material claim 6 , ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS HAVING POINT OF USE DIALYSIS FLUID PREPARATION INCLUDING MIXING AND HEATING THEREFORE

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a cycler including a pump actuator, a heater and a heating pan operable with the heater, and a disposable set operable with the cycler. The heating pan includes a sidewall forming a slot. The disposable set includes a pumping cassette and a heater/mixing container. The pumping cassette includes a pump chamber configured to be actuated by the pump actuator. Additionally, the heater/mixing container is in fluid communication with the pumping cassette and is sized to be received at the heating pan. The heater/mixing container includes a port configured such that when the port is slid into the slot of the heater pan sidewall, the port is prevented from rotating about an axis transverse to a direction of flow through the port. 1. A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:a cycler including a control unit and a pump actuator under control of the control unit; and a pumping cassette having a pump chamber configured to be actuated by the pump actuator, and', 'a mixing container in fluid communication with the pumping cassette,, 'a disposable set operable with the cycler, the disposable set including'}wherein the control unit is programmed to promote mixing of at least two fluids by (i) causing the pump actuator to operate the pump chamber to pull the at least two fluids from the mixing container into the pump chamber, (ii) thereafter causing the pump actuator to operate the pump chamber to push the at least two fluids from the pump chamber to the mixing container, and (iii) repeating (i) and (ii) at least one time.2. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured such that after (i) claim 1 , (ii) and (iii) are performed claim 1 , a sample of the mixed at least two fluids is caused to undergo a test using a sensor claim 1 , and wherein at least one of prior to or after the test the sensor is bypassed or used for a different purpose.3. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein after (i) claim 1 ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM WITH ULTRAFILTRATION CONTROLLER

The hemodialysis system includes a closed loop dialysate flow path which includes a dialyzer and a reservoir for storing dialysate, and a closed loop blood flow path which passes through the dialyzer in the opposite direction as the dialysate flow path. In addition, the hemodialysis system includes pumps for pumping dialysate and blood through their respective flow paths, a flow sensor for measuring the flow rate of dialysate in the dialysate flow path, and a level sensor for measuring the level of dialysate in the dialysate reservoir. A processor is connected to the flow sensor, reservoir level sensor and pumps to provide a first closed loop control system including the processor, flow sensor and a first dialysate pump, and a second closed loop control system including the processor, level sensor and a second dialysate pump which enable the processor to initiate, monitor and maintain ultrafiltration. 1. A hemodialysis system comprising:an arterial blood line for connecting to a patient's artery for collecting blood from a patient;a venous blood line for connecting to a patient's vein for returning blood to a patient;a dialyzer having a semipermeable membrane;a blood flow path connected to said arterial blood line and said venous blood line for transporting blood from a patient to said dialyzer and back to a patient, said blood flow path passing through said dialyzer on one side of said semipermeable membrane;a reservoir for storing a dialysate solution;a closed loop dialysate flow path, isolated from the blood flow path, for transporting a dialysate from said reservoir to said dialyzer and back to said reservoir, said dialysate flow path passing through said dialyzer on the side of the semipermeable membrane opposite said blood flow path;a blood pump for pumping blood through said blood flow path;a first dialysate pump connected to said dialysate flow path upflow from said dialyzer which pumps dialysate through said dialysate flow path; anda second dialysate pump ...

DIALYSIS SYSTEM HAVING INDUCTIVE HEATING

A dialysis fluid system includes a dialysis fluid inlet; a dialysis fluid outlet; a pump positioned and arranged to pump dialysis fluid through the dialysis fluid inlet and the dialysis fluid outlet; and an inductive heater located between the dialysis fluid inlet and the dialysis fluid outlet, the inductive heater including a fluid flowpath positioned and arranged to receive non-heated dialysis fluid from the dialysis fluid inlet and to output heated dialysis fluid to the a dialysis fluid outlet, a conductive heater element located within the fluid flowpath so as to be or act as a secondary coil of a transformer, and a primary coil of the transformer located outside of the fluid flowpath and positioned so as to magnetically induce a current into the conductive heater element, causing the conductive heater element and surrounding fluid to heat. 1. A dialysis fluid system comprising:a dialysis fluid inlet;a dialysis fluid outlet;a pump positioned and arranged to pump dialysis fluid through the dialysis fluid inlet and the dialysis fluid outlet; and a fluid flowpath positioned and arranged to receive non-heated dialysis fluid from the dialysis fluid inlet and to output heated dialysis fluid to the dialysis fluid outlet,', 'a conductive heater element located within the fluid flowpath so as to be or act as a secondary coil of a transformer, and', 'a primary coil of the transformer located outside of the fluid flowpath and positioned so as to magnetically induce a current into the conductive heater element, causing the conductive heater element and surrounding dialysis fluid to heat., 'an inductive heater located between the dialysis fluid inlet and the dialysis fluid outlet, the inductive heater including'}2. The dialysis fluid system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flowpath and the conductive heater element are located within a heater housing in fluid communication with the dialysis fluid inlet and the dialysis fluid outlet.3. The dialysis fluid system of claim 2 , ...

Modular Reservoir Assembly for a Hemodialysis and Hemofiltration System

The present specification discloses a dialysis system having a reservoir module with a reservoir housing defining an internal space, a surface located within the internal space for supporting a container that contains dialysate, and a conductivity sensor located within the internal space, where the conductivity sensor has a coil, a capacitor in electrical communication with the coil, and an energy source in electrical communication with the circuit.

Improved dialyzer holder and improved airless bloodline priming method

The present invention relates to a dialyzer holder to attach a dialyzer to a dialysis machine. During priming of a bloodline prior to a dialysis treatment, the dialyzer holder grips a dialyzer in approximately the center of the dialyzer, but allows movements of the dialyzer in an arc motion using two axes of rotation. The holder enables the dialyzer to move to a position where air can be primed from the dialyzer and, because the dialyzer can move toward the dialysis machine, this motion eliminates stress on the tubing connected to the bottom and top of the dialyzer and reduces the length of bloodline tubing necessary to accommodate dialyzer movement. The dialyzer holder incorporates an attachment point for a venous chamber for use during the priming procedure, enabling the venous chamber to move with the dialyzer, further reducing the tubing between the dialyzer and the venous chamber.

CONTAINER

The present invention relates to a combination of a container comprising a connecting portion and of a fluid preparation device, in particular a dialysis machine, which fluid preparation device is suitable for mounting and connecting the connecting portion of the container, wherein the fluid preparation device comprises at least one line which is in fluid communication with the interior of the container at least in the connected position of the container, the container being filled with a first medium, wherein the combination and preferably container comprises a reservoir containing a second medium, wherein the fluid preparation device comprises means for opening the reservoir so that the first and second medium are mixed with each other. 130505032305052303030301005056100. A combination of a container () comprising a connecting portion and of a fluid preparation device () , in particular a dialysis machine , which fluid preparation device () is suitable for mounting and connecting the connecting portion () of the container () , wherein the fluid preparation device () comprises at least one line () which is in fluid communication with the interior of the container () at least in the connected position of the container () , the container () being filled with a first medium , characterized in that the combination and preferably container () comprises a reservoir () containing a second medium , wherein the fluid preparation device () comprises means for opening () the reservoir () so that the first and second medium are mixed with each other.2525230525130525251525152. A combination according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one line () comprises a flushing fluid line () for feeding a fluid into the interior of the container () and a prepared fluid line ( claim 1 , ) for guiding the prepared fluid out of the interior of the container () claim 1 , wherein the flushing fluid line () and the prepared fluid line ( claim 1 , ) are formed by one and the same line () or by ...

Infusate caddy for a dialysis system

The invention relates to an infusate caddy for carrying, organizing, and operating infusate containers containing solutes for preparing dialysate and related fluids for use in dialysis. The infusate containers can be seated in the infusate caddy, and the infusate containers removed from the infusate caddy for restocking, cleaning, or resupply, as needed. The infusate caddy can be positioned or seated in a receiving compartment of a dialysis machine, and can also be removed, as needed, from the dialysis machine.

Dialysis priming steps using an infusate caddy

The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for priming, disinfecting, and preparing dialysate and related fluids for use in dialysis. The dialysate and related fluids can be prepared from solutes obtained from infusate containers seated in an infusate caddy. The infusate caddy can be removably positioned in a receiving compartment of a dialysis machine. Similarly, the infusate containers containing the necessary solutes for preparing the dialysate and related fluids can also be removably positioned in the infusate caddy.

Dialysis composition comprising citrate, calcium and magnesium

Dialysis fluid compositions including 0.5 to 3 mM citrate, 1 to 5 mM total calcium, and 0 to 1.5 mM total magnesium. These dialysis fluid compositions include 0.10 to 0.2 mM more total calcium per 1 mM citrate within the dialysis fluid as compared to the calcium concentration ordinarily prescribed for a non-citrate containing dialysis fluid.

Dialysis systems and methods for modulating flow of a dialysate during dialysis using raman spectroscopy

The present invention is a system to continuously monitor, in real-time, the small molecules being dialyzed during hemodialysis treatment using Raman spectroscopy and press control algorithms. By monitoring the treatment, the amount of water needed per dialysis treatment is drastically reduced by optimizing analyte saturation and removal of wastes. This will significantly conserve water and reduce the cost of dialysis treatments, possibly reducing the amount of time necessary for dialysis treatment, improving quality of life for patients during and after treatment, and reducing the costs of building new treatment centers as well as operating costs.

FLUID PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Certain disclosed embodiments concern systems and methods of preparing dialysate for use in a home dialysis system that is compact and light-weight relative to existing systems and consumes relatively low amounts of energy. The method includes coupling a household water stream to a dialysis system; filtering the water stream; heating the water stream to at least about 138 degrees Celsius in a non-batch process to produce a heated water stream; maintaining the heated water stream at or above at least about 138 degrees Celsius for at least about two seconds; cooling the heated water stream to produce a cooled water stream; ultrafiltering the cooled water stream; and mixing dialysate components into the cooled water stream in a non-batch process. 1. A fluid purification system comprising:a pump adapted to pump household water through a pump outlet;a microfluidic heat exchanger downstream of the pump and coupled to the fluid flow pathway, the microfluidic heat exchanger comprising an inlet in fluid communication with the pump outlet, an inflow microchannel downstream of the inlet, a heater downstream of the inflow microchannel, an outflow microchannel downstream of the heater and in thermal communication with the inflow microchannel to permit heat transfer between water flowing in the outflow microchannel and water flowing in the inflow microchannel, the microfluidic heat exchanger being configured to heat the water to a pasteurization temperature, maintain the water at the pasteurization temperature for a period of time effective to pasteurize the water, and cool the pasteurized water to a temperature lower than the pasteurization temperature; anda mixer downstream of the microfluidic heat exchanger, the mixer comprising dialysate components for addition to water flowing from the microfluidic heat exchanger.2. The system of wherein the microfluidic heat exchanger further comprises a plurality of inflow microchannels in fluid communication with the inlet and a plurality ...

Vehicle for providing a dialysis solution

The present invention relates to a power-driven land, water or air vehicle for providing dialysis solution receptacles, in particular bags, filled with dialysis solution, with the vehicle having a tank for receiving dialysis solution or for receiving a component of a dialysis solution, a storage region for the dialysis solution receptacles to be filled, and a filling station that is in fluid communication with the tank and that is configured to fill the dialysis solution receptacles with dialysis solution or with a component of the dialysis solution.

Blood Purification System

The blood purification system includes a plurality of monitoring devices () with a dialyzer () to perform a blood purification treatment on a patient. A dialysate supplying device () supplies a dialysate to each of the monitoring devices (). The plurality of monitoring devices () and the dialysate supplying device () are connected to each other by a LAN cable a. Predetermined information can be transmitted from the dialysate supplying device () to a specified monitoring device (), out of the plurality of monitoring devices (). The specified monitoring device () can perform an individual operation. 1. A blood purification system comprising:multiple blood purification mechanism including a blood purifier to perform a blood purification treatment on a patient;supplying mechanism supplying a dialysate, an undiluted dialysate, clean water or an antiseptic solution to each of the blood purification mechanism;wherein predetermined information may be transmitted from the supplying mechanism to a specified blood purification mechanism, out of multiple blood purification mechanisms, and the specified blood purification mechanism may perform an individual operation.2. The blood purification system according claim 1 , wherein depending on situations of the supplying mechanism claim 1 , the specified blood purification mechanism is operated or stopped claim 1 , or a drive amount of an actuator provided in the specified blood purification mechanism is decreased.3. The blood purification system according to claim 1 , wherein the supplying mechanism includes a dialysate supplying device that may produce a dialysate with a predetermined concentration by using clean water and an undiluted dialysate; andthe blood purification mechanism includes a monitoring device that supplies the dialysate supplied from the dialysate supplying device to the blood purifier.4. The blood purification system according to claim 1 , wherein the supplying mechanism includes a water treatment device that ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly. 1. A drain cassette for a dialysis unit , comprising:a venous connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, a venous blood line connector;an arterial connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, an arterial blood line connector;a fluid channel fluidly connecting the venous connection port and the arterial connection port;a drain outlet port in fluid communication with the fluid channel and arranged to removably couple with a drain connector on an exposed panel of the dialysis unit; anda valve arranged to control flow in the fluid channel,wherein the valve is arranged to control in the fluid channel to either controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain outlet port and the venous connection port or to controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain outlet port and the arterial connection port.2. The drain cassette of claim 1 , further comprising:a body that defines the arterial and venous connection ports and the fluid channel.3. The drain cassette of claim 1 , further ...

Dialysis system including automatic priming

A hemodialysis system comprising: a source of priming fluid; an extracorporeal circuit including an arterial line, a venous line, and a drip chamber; a level sensor operable with the drip chamber; a reversible blood pump operable with the extracorporeal circuit; a connection between the arterial and the venous line; and a priming sequence in which priming fluid from the source is pumped in a reverse pump direction through the extracorporeal circuit and reversibly in a normal pump direction through the extracorporeal circuit, wherein an output from the level sensor is used to determine when to stop pumping in at least one of the directions.

INTEGRATED WATER TESTING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ULTRA-LOW TOTAL CHLORINE DETECTION

A system and method for determining a concentration of total chlorine in dialysis water are provided. The system comprises a main unit housing an iodide/water sample chamber and a reducing agent chamber. An electrode pair bridges the two chambers and generates tri-iodide proportional to the amount of total chlorine in the dialysis water. The electrode pair detects the amount of tri-iodide generated in proportion to the amount of active chloride in the dialysis water. The system is suitable for use in connection with, or for incorporation into, a water purification system for generating dialysis fluid, and may include a display that alerts the user to stop or prevent a hemodialysis treatment if the total chlorine level exceeds a predetermined level. 1. A chlorine detection component comprising:a first chamber in fluid communication with an iodide reservoir and a source of at least partially purified water;a second chamber in fluid communication with a reducing agent reservoir, wherein the first and second chambers are separated by a membrane that allows an electrical charge but not fluid to pass between the chambers;an electrode pair associated with a voltage source, wherein one electrode of the electrode pair is in contact with an interior of the first chamber and the other electrode of the electrode pair is in contact with an interior of the second chamber; anda control unit connected operably to the electrode pair, the control unit configured to (i) at one time cause the voltage source to apply a source voltage to the electrode pair and (ii) at a second time stop applying the source voltage to the electrode pair and instead monitor a sensed electrical parameter through or across the electrode pair.2. The chlorine detection component of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electrodes includes a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum claim 1 , gold claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , copper claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and alloys thereof.3 ...

Systems and Methods for Detecting Vascular Access Disconnection

A system for detecting whether a vascular access has been interrupted in an arrangement in which two catheters or needles are present in a blood vessel, fistula or graft. A fluid line leading to a pump is connected via a first connector to a first indwelling catheter, and a fluid line leading from a pump is connected via a second connector to a second indwelling catheter. Each connector is equipped with an electrode in contact with the lumen of the connector, the electrodes electrically connected to an electronic circuit that measures the impedance or conductivity of fluid between the first connector and second connectors via a fluid path through the blood vessel, fistula or graft. An electronic controller receives the impedance or conductivity data and processes the data to determine whether a vascular access disconnection has occurred. The processing may involve filtering the signal received by the controller, and/or setting provisional flags for a disconnection event that may be cleared if the signal changes before the expiration of a counter. 1. A system for detecting dislodgment of a catheter or needle in a vascular access comprising a first and second catheter or needle in a blood vessel , fistula or graft , the system comprising:a first line fluidly connecting the first catheter or needle to an inlet of a pump;a second line fluidly connecting the second catheter or needle to an outlet of the pump;a first connector connecting the first line to the first catheter or needle, and a second connector connecting the second line to the second catheter or needle, each connector having an electrode in fluid communication with a fluid-carrying lumen of said connector;an electronic circuit electrically connected to the electrodes of the first and second connectors, and configured to measure electrical impedance of fluid between the first connector and the second connecter via a conductive path through the blood vessel, fistula or graft; sample and filter or smooth the ...

Medicament Preparation and Treatment Devices, Methods, and Systems

A medicament preparation system includes a water purification module and a medicament proportioning module that is interoperable with a replaceable fluid circuit. The fluid circuit includes a purified water inlet, a product medicament outlet, and a plurality of pumping tube segments. At least a first concentrate container is connected by at least a portion of the fluid circuit to the product medicament output and a first concentration measurement sensor station is positioned in a flow path. A controller is programmed to calculate iteratively a concentration of a first concentrate from the first concentrate container and the purified water from a signal generated by the first concentration measurement sensor station and to regulate one or both of a first pumping actuator engaged with the first pumping tube segment and a second pumping actuator engaged with the second pumping tube segment, responsively to the concentration of the first concentrate and water. 1. A medicament preparation system for preparing a medicament , comprising:a water purification module with a tap water inlet and a purified water outlet; a purified water inlet that receives purified water from the purified water outlet of the water purification module,', 'a product medicament outlet configured to output the medicament, and', 'a plurality of pumping tube segments, that include a first pumping tube segment and a second pumping tube segment, fluidly connected between the purified water inlet and the product medicament outlet;, 'a medicament proportioning module that is interoperable with a replaceable fluid circuit that includes'}at least a first concentrate container connected by at least a portion of the replaceable fluid circuit to the product medicament output;a first concentration measurement sensor station positioned in a flow path of the replaceable fluid circuit; anda controller programmed to calculate iteratively a concentration of a first concentrate from the first concentrate container ...

PORTABLE DIALYSIS DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND METHOD

A toilet modified for disposal of dialysis waste includes a base, a bowl, a water supply port, and a dialysis drain port. In the dialysis drain port is an air gap device that establishes a gap between ends of first and second drain tubes of a dialysis machine and a fluid level in the air gap. RO water and effluent from the dialysis machine enter the chamber of the air gap and mix, before being passed along a path from the dialysis drain port to the bowl of the toilet, where it can be dispelled in a sanitary manner in compliant with all pertinent codes and regulations. 1. A toilet modified for disposal of dialysis waste , comprising:a base;a bowl;a water supply port;a dialysis drain port;an air gap device disposed in the dialysis drain port for establishing a gap between ends of first and second drain tubes received by an upper portion of the air gap device and fluid level in the air gap device; anda path from the dialysis drain port to the bowl of the toilet.2. The toilet of claim 1 , wherein the upper portion of the air gap device has first and second stems for receiving the first and second drain tubes.3. The toilet of claim 2 , wherein the air gap device includes a chamber below said stems for collecting dialysis waste as it flows through the air gap device to the bowl through the path claim 2 , the chamber including windows to allow overflow in the chamber to spill out the chamber away from the first and second drain tubes.4. The toilet of claim 3 , wherein the air gap device includes ribs defining backflow channels that direct backflow from said path to the bowl of the toilet out of the air gap device prior to entering the chamber.5. The toilet of claim 4 , wherein the path from the dialysis drain port to the bowl of the toilet induces a vortex in the resulting stream.6. The toilet of claim 2 , wherein the first and second drain pipes are for RO water and effluent from a dialysis machine.7. The toilet of claim 6 , wherein the RO water and effluent from the ...

Apparatus and process for testing filters

In a process for testing filters ( 4 ) and ( 13 ) of treatment fluid of a hemodiafiltration apparatus ( 1 ), each filter has a wet semipermeable membrane ( 5, 14 ) which separates a gas-filled first chamber ( 6 and 15 ) from a liquid-filled second chamber ( 7 and 16 ). The first chambers are pressurised by a pump ( 19 ) supplying air, while the second chambers are placed in depression by a drainage pump ( 17 ) of used dialysis fluid. A first closed system is formed which includes the first chambers and a second closed system is formed which includes the second chambers. Two pressure gauges (P 1 and P 2 ) monitor the pressure in the two closed systems for a predetermined time. The monitoring provides indications relating to the filter integrity.

VIRTUAL PATIENT DONATION

A system includes a device having a blood side, a solution side, and a semipermeable membrane structurally configured for diffusion of one or more solutes therethrough. The system also includes a first extracorporeal circuit having one or more first fluid connectors for connecting the blood side of the device to the vascular system of a first animal, a second extracorporeal circuit including one or more second fluid connectors for connecting the solution side of the device to the vascular system of a second animal, a first pump in fluid communication with at least one of the first and second extracorporeal circuits, and a driver mechanically coupled to the first pump, the driver configured to drive the first pump using energy from an energy source. 1. A system comprising:a device having a blood side and a solution side, the device including a semipermeable membrane structurally configured for diffusion of one or more solutes therethrough;a first extracorporeal circuit including one or more first fluid connectors for connecting the blood side of the device to the vascular system of a first animal;a second extracorporeal circuit including one or more second fluid connectors for connecting the solution side of the device to the vascular system of a second animal;a first pump in fluid communication with at least one of the first and second extracorporeal circuits; anda driver mechanically coupled to the first pump, the driver configured to drive the first pump using energy from an energy source.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the first animal and the second animal is a human.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the first animal and the second animal is a non-human.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein blood from one or more of the first animal and the second animal contains solutes that are desirous for transfer into blood of the other one of the first animal and the second animal.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the driver includes a ...

DEVICE FOR ELECTROKINETIC FOCUSING AND ELECTRICAL DETECTION OF PARTICLES AND CHEMICAL SPECIES FACILITATED BY A POROUS ELECTRODE

High-throughput microfluidic devices comprising one or more fluidic microchannels each with at least one flow-through 3D structure comprising a 3D electrode, or alternatively a 3D permselective structure, and optional secondary bead bed(s) are disclosed. Such devices can be used for counter-flow focusing of charged species via ion concentration polarization and in situ quantification of electrokinetically enriched charged species from an ionically conductive solution by both optical and electrical detection. 1. A microfluidic device comprising:one or more fluidic microchannels, wherein the one or more fluidic microchannels are connected to at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein a background electrolyte solution is infused through at least one of the inlet(s), flows through the one or more fluidic microchannels, and is withdrawn from at least one of the outlet(s); andat least one flow-through 3D electrode within the microchannel wherein the 3D electrode comprises an electrode and microbeads,wherein at least one of the inlet(s) and/or at least one of the outlet(s) are connected to an electrode, andwherein the microbeads are contained within a primary bead bed which extends at least a portion of the width and length of the microchannel as defined by a bead bed structure within the microchannel.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the microbeads is in contact with the electrode in the flow-through 3D electrode claim 1 , and wherein at least a portion of said electrode extends outside of the channel for electrical connection.3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the microbeads are conductive microbeads and voltage is applied to the inlet and/or outlet electrodes and the 3D electrode for enrichment and separation of charged species at an electric field gradient at the boundary of an ion depleted zone resulting from faradaic processes.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the microbeads are permselective membrane ...

AN ANTICOAGULATION FLUID COMPRISING CITRATE AND PHOSPHATE

The present invention concerns an anticoagulation fluid comprising 10-40 m M citrate and 0.1-4 m M phosphate. The anticoagulation fluid is to be used for regional citrate anticoagulation in an extracorporeal blood circuit. The anticoagulation fluid may be combined with at least one treatment fluid in the dialysis treatment, and it may be included in a system for regional citrate anticoagulation in an extracorporeal blood circuit. 1. An anticoagulation fluid for regional citrate anticoagulation in an extracorporeal blood circuit wherein the anticoagulation fluid comprises 10-40 mM basic citrate; 0-5 mM acid citrate; and 0.1-4 mM phosphate.2. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein said anticoagulation fluid comprises 15-40 mM basic citrate.3. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the anticoagulation fluid comprises 0.1-3 mM phosphate.4. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the anticoagulation fluid comprises 0.5-2.0 mM phosphate.5. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the anticoagulation fluid comprises 0-150 mM sodium claim 1 ,6. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the anticoagulation fluid has a pH between 6 and 8.7. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein said anticoagulation fluid further comprises 0-1.5 mM magnesium claim 1 , 0-4 mM calcium claim 1 , 0-5.0 mM potassium claim 1 , 0-11 mM glucose claim 1 , and 0-150 mM sodium.8. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein said anticoagulation fluid comprises 18-40 mM basic citrate.9. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein said anticoagulation fluid comprises 20-40 mM basic citrate.10. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the anticoagulation fluid comprises 0.8-2 mM phosphate.11. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the anticoagulation fluid has a pH between 6.5 and 8.12. The anticoagulation fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Valve Actuation Systems and Related Methods

In one aspect, a valve actuation system includes a drive unit including an actuator configured to engage and move multiple valves disposed within a fluid cassette to selectively open and close each valve of the multiple valves and a positioning frame disposed adjacent the fluid cassette and along which the drive unit can be moved in three dimensions to align the actuator with a selected valve of the multiple valves. 1. A valve actuation system , comprising:a drive unit comprising an actuator configured to engage and move a plurality of valves disposed within a fluid cassette to selectively open and close each valve of the plurality of valves; anda positioning frame disposed adjacent the fluid cassette and along which the drive unit can be moved in three dimensions to align the actuator with a selected valve of the plurality of valves.2. The valve actuation system of claim 1 , wherein the drive unit is carried by the positioning frame.3. The valve actuation system of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is formed to mate with a complementary feature of each of the plurality of valves.4. The valve actuation system of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is configured to be controlled to apply a force to each valve of the plurality of valves to rotate each valve of the plurality of valves.5. The valve actuation system of claim 4 , wherein the actuator is configured to open and close each valve of the plurality of valves.6. The valve actuation system of claim 4 , wherein the force is a rotational force.7. The valve actuation system of claim 1 , wherein the positioning frame further comprises a first linear rail claim 1 , a second linear rail claim 1 , and a third linear rail along which the drive unit can be moved linearly to align the actuator with the selected valve.8. The valve actuation system of claim 7 , wherein the drive unit is configured to traverse the first claim 7 , second claim 7 , and third linear rails in a total time of up to about 0.5 seconds to about 2.0 seconds.9 ...

Dialysis Machine

A hemodialysis machine including a cartridge which defines a fluid pathway for delivering a dialysate solution base to a mixing pump, a main body having a platen which, in use, abuts the cartridge, the cartridge having a chassis with a platen side covered by a deformable membrane which, in use, abuts the platen, the chassis and membrane defining the flow path, the flow path including a dialysate base solution pump chamber, the platen having a dialysate base solution pump cavity which, collectively with the dialysate base solution pump chamber, forms a dialysate base solution pump for pumping dialysate base solution to the mixing pump by actuation of the membrane, wherein the volume of the dialysate base solution pump cavity is variable so as to allow a variation in the volume of dialysate base solution pumped from the dialysate base solution pump chamber to the mixing pump chamber on each stroke of the solution pump. 1. A hemodialysis machine includinga cartridge which defines a fluid pathway for delivering a dialysate solution base to a mixing pump,a main body having a platen which, in use, abuts the cartridge,the cartridge having a chassis with a platen side covered by a deformable membrane which, in use, abuts the platen, the chassis and membrane defining the flow path, the flow path including a dialysate base solution pump chamber,the platen having a dialysate base solution pump cavity which, collectively with the dialysate base solution pump chamber, fotms a dialysate base solution pump for pumping dialysate base solution to the mixing pump by actuation of the membrane,wherein the volume of the dialysate base solution pump cavity is variable so as to allow a variation in the volume of dialysate base solution pumped from the dialysate base solution pump chamber to the mixing pump chamber.2. The machine according to wherein the flow path further includes a mixing pump cavity which claim 1 , collectively with the mixing pump chamber claim 1 , forms a mixing pump ...

PUMPING CASSETTE

A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet. 1. (canceled)2. A fluid-balancing cassette comprising:a first and a second fluid-balancing pod, each chamber pod having a first port separated from an opposing second port by a flexible membrane, the flexible membrane dividing the fluid-balancing pod into variable volume first and second chambers, wherein a total fluid volume of the fluid-balancing chamber pod is a sum of the volumes of the first and second chambers;a first and a second diaphragm pump, an outlet of the first diaphragm pump having a valved connection to the second port of the first fluid-balancing pod and an outlet of the second diaphragm pump having a valved connection to the second port of the second fluid-balancing pod, wherein a full stroke volume of each diaphragm pump matches the total fluid volume of the fluid-balancing pod to which it is connected;a first fluid flowpath connecting a first inlet of the cassette to a first outlet of the cassette, wherein the first fluid flowpath has separate valved connections to the first port of the first fluid-balancing pod and to the first port of the second fluid-balancing pod; anda second fluid flowpath connecting a second inlet of the cassette to a second outlet of the cassette, wherein the second fluid flowpath has separate valved connections to an inlet of ...

Apparatus For Extracorporeal Blood Treatment, And Method For Operating An Apparatus For Extracorporeal Blood Treatment

The invention relates to an apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment that comprises a device for providing fresh dialysate and a drain for used dialysate, a balancing device for balancing fresh dialysate and used dialysate, an ultrafiltration device and a dialyser that is divided into a blood chamber and a dialysate chamber by a semi-permeable membrane The invention further relates to a method for operating such an apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment. The apparatus according to the invention is based on the use of the ultrafiltration device of the blood treatment apparatus for raising the liquid level in the air separation device on the secondary side of the dialysate system I. In the apparatus according to the invention, the ultrafiltration device is designed such that the ultrafiltration device can be operated not only in an ultrafiltration mode, but also in a ventilation mode. In the ultrafiltration mode, the ultrafiltration device is operated in such a way that used dialysate is removed from the container A of the first air separation device whereas in a ventilation mode the ultrafiltration device is operated in the opposite direction so that used dialysate is supplied into the container A of the first air separation device as a result of which the liquid level D rises in the container of the first air separation device. 1. Apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment , comprisinga device for providing fresh dialysate and a drain for used dialysate,a balancing device for balancing fresh dialysate and used dialysate,a dialyser, which is divided into a blood chamber and a dialysate chamber by a semi-permeable membrane,a dialysate supply line for fresh dialysate, leading from the device for providing fresh dialysate to an inlet to the dialysate chamber via the balancing device, and a dialysate discharge line for used dialysate, leading from an outlet of the dialysate chamber to the drain via the balancing device,a first air separation device comprising ...

RECIRCULATING DIALYSATE FLUID CIRCUIT FOR BLOOD MEASUREMENT

A blood based solute monitoring system for measuring at least one blood solute species that has a first recirculation flow path in fluid communication with a dialyzer. The first recirculation flow path is configured to allow a fluid to recirculate through a dialyzer such that the concentration of at least one solute species in the fluid becomes equilibrated to the solute species concentration of the blood in a blood compartment of the dialyzer. The blood solute monitoring system has at least one sensor to measure a fluid characteristic. 1. A system , comprising:at least a first recirculation flow path;the first recirculation flow path in fluid communication with a dialyzer;the first recirculation flow path comprising at least one pump and at least one sensor measuring at least one fluid characteristic;wherein a concentration of at least one solute in a fluid recirculating in the first recirculation flow path becomes equilibrated with a concentration of the at least one solute in a blood of a patient.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is located upstream of the dialyzer and downstream of a dialysate regeneration unit wherein the dialysate regeneration unit is fluidly connectable to the first recirculation flow path.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises an ion selective sensor.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least two sensors to measure the at least one fluid characteristic.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least two sensors include a conductivity sensor.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least two sensors include any one of a potassium sensor claim 4 , a bicarbonate sensor claim 4 , and an ammonia sensor.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises a pH sensor.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises a urea sensor.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises a conductivity sensor.10. The system of claim 9 , further ...

Disposable Cartridge System for Use with Sorbent or Premixed Dialysate

A hemodialysis machine defining a closed loop fluid path for dialysate solution, the fluid path comprising: a first pump chamber having a pump inlet and a pump outlet, a dialyser having a dialyser inlet and a dialyser outlet, a conduit connected between the outlet of the first pump chamber and the inlet of the dialyser, a second pump chamber having a pump inlet and a pump outlet, a conduit connected between the outlet of the dialyser and the inlet of the second pump chamber, a dialysate regeneration device having a filter inlet and a filter outlet, a conduit connected between the outlet of the second pump chamber and the inlet of the dialysate regeneration device, a reservoir having a reservoir inlet and a reservoir outlet, a conduit connected between the outlet of the dialysate regeneration device and the inlet of the reservoir and, a conduit connected between the outlet of the reservoir and the inlet of the first pump chamber. 1. A hemodialysis machine defining a closed loop fluid path for dialysate solution , the hemodialysis machine comprising:a mixing chamber for receiving the dialysate solution;a first flow balance chamber connected to the mixing chamber;a second flow balance chamber connected to the first flow balance chamber;a dialyser for cleaning the dialysate solution, the dialyser connected between the first flow balance chamber and the second flow balance chamber; anda filter for cleaning the dialysate solution, the filter connected between the second flow balance chamber and the mixing chamber;wherein the mixing chamber and first and second flow balance chambers are provided on a cartridge removably mountable in the hemodialysis machine.2. A hemodialysis machine defining a closed loop fluid path for dialysate solution , the hemodialysis machine comprising:a fixed volume of dialysate solution;a mixing chamber for receiving the dialysate solution;a first flow balance chamber connected to the mixing chamber;a second flow balance chamber connected between ...

Urease Purification And Purified Urease Products Thereof And Sorbent Cartridges, Systems And Methods Using The Same

Methods for purifying urease are described that make use of a precipitating agent such as ammonium sulfate to obtain urease as a precipitate. The method can involve use of a solubilizing agent, such as a citrate-containing solution, to dissolve the precipitate. The method can involve the use of a sugar to provide protected urease in a sugar-urease solution and immobilization of the urease. The method can involve freeze drying of the immobilized urease. A sugar-urease preparation and an immobilized urease, and a sorbent cartridge containing the urease are described as well as methods to conduct dialysis. 1. A method of purifying urease , comprising:a) mechanically separating an extract mixture to provide a separated solution, wherein the extract mixture comprises an extracting agent in solution and a comminuted source of urease;b) combining ammonium sulfate with the separated solution to precipitate urease in the separated solution to provide a precipitate-containing mixture;c) mechanically separating the precipitate-containing mixture to collect the precipitate;d) dissolving the precipitate collected to provide a urease-containing solution;e) combining the urease-containing solution with a sugar to provide a sugar-urease solution;f) combining the sugar-urease solution and a sorbent material to immobilize urease on the sorbent material to provide an immobilized urease preparation; andg) optionally freeze drying the immobilized urease preparation to provide an immobilized urease product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of urease is a botanical source of urease claim 1 , fungal source of urease claim 1 , algal source of urease claim 1 , bacterial source of urease claim 1 , invertebrate source of urease claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of urease comprises jack beans claim 1 , sword beans claim 1 , soy beans claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of urease is jack ...

Peritoneal dialysate purity control system

The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for generating a peritoneal dialysate having purity and sterility characteristics suitable for Peritoneal Dialysis (PD). The peritoneal dialysate can be generated from water of variable quality using a purity control system having one or more ultrafilters for sterilization of the peritoneal dialysate Peritoneal dialysate generation system and related methods are described that can generate sterilized peritoneal dialysate and deliver peritoneal dialysis therapy to a patient.

Rotary Valves for Dialysis Systems

In one aspect, a dialysis fluid cassette includes an inlet fluid line, multiple outlet fluid lines, and a valve including an actuation feature by which the valve can be rotated to fluidly communicate the inlet fluid line with a selected fluid line of the multiple outlet fluid lines. 1. A dialysis fluid cassette , comprising:an inlet fluid line;a plurality of outlet fluid lines; anda valve comprising an actuation feature by which the valve can be rotated to fluidly communicate the inlet fluid line with a selected fluid line of the plurality of outlet fluid lines.2. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the actuation feature comprises a surface profile that is formed to be engaged by an actuator for rotating the valve.3. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the actuation feature has a polygonal shape.4. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the actuation feature has a symmetric shape.5. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the actuation feature has an asymmetric shape.6. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the actuation feature comprises a recessed profile.7. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the actuation feature comprises a protrusion that extends from a main body of the valve.8. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the valve further comprises an indicator having an orientation that corresponds to the selected fluid line.9. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 1 , wherein the valve further comprises:a valve body defining an internal fluid pathway that can fluidly communicate the inlet fluid line with the selected fluid line; anda spring that is configured to move the valve body to enable or disable an operation of the valve.10. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 9 , wherein the valve body is movable to:a first position at which the internal fluid pathway is aligned with the inlet fluid line and the plurality of outlet fluid lines to enable the operation of the valve, anda second ...

Intelligent Adjustment of Dialysis Machine Operations

A remote service is implemented to automatically aggregate data across hemodialysis patients and hemodialysis patients and determine updated treatment options for patients to increase well-being and optimize performance of the hemodialysis machines. Patients or caregivers operating a hemodialysis machine or a local or remote user computing device associated with the hemodialysis machine can provide feedback regarding the patient's well-being to the remote service. The feedback can be provided at any of one or more times pre-treatment, during treatment, or post-treatment. Furthermore, the hemodialysis machine can be configured with one or more sensors that transmit data pertaining to device state of the hemodialysis machine, such as information about blood, dialysate used, saline solution, pump pressure, air trap and air detector, hemodialysis machine information (e.g., make and model), etc.

BLOOD PURIFICATION SYSTEM AND SOLUTION-PREPARATION-DETERMINING APPARATUS

A system and a solution-preparation-determining apparatus which determines whether additional preparation of an undiluted dialysate solution is necessary. A blood purification system includes a solution-preparing unit that prepares an undiluted dialysate solution, a dialysate-supplying unit that prepares a working dialysate at a predetermined concentration by diluting the undiluted dialysate solution received from the solution-preparing unit, a blood-purification-treatment section that includes a blood-purification-apparatus group including at least one blood purification apparatus that performs blood purification treatment in which the working dialysate is supplied to the blood-purification-apparatus group, and a determining unit that determines whether additional preparation of the undiluted dialysate solution is necessary from a result of comparison between an estimated number of treatment sessions expected to be performed by the blood-purification-apparatus group throughout a predetermined period and an actual number of treatment sessions performed by the blood-purification-apparatus group as of a time point during the predetermined period. 1. A blood purification system comprising:a solution-preparing unit that prepares an undiluted dialysate solution;a dialysate-supplying unit that prepares a working dialysate at a predetermined concentration by diluting the undiluted dialysate solution received from the solution-preparing unit and supplies the working dialysate;a blood-purification-treatment section that includes a blood-purification-apparatus group including at least one blood purification apparatus that performs blood purification treatment in which the working dialysate prepared by the dialysate-supplying unit is supplied from the dialysate-supplying unit to the blood-purification-apparatus group; anda determining unit that executes a first determining step of determining whether additional preparation of the undiluted dialysate solution by the solution- ...

Filtration System for Preparation of Fluids for Medical Applications

A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient may include a treatment fluid preparation device having a pump connected by a fluid channel to a reservoir of a source fluid, the pump conveying the source fluid from the reservoir, through a filter, and combining the source fluid with a concentrate by pumping the source fluid with the concentrate to form a treatment fluid in a batch container. The treatment fluid preparation device may have a controller that controls a heater, the pump, and a memory. The controller starts the heater to warm the treatment fluid in the batch container at a time that is responsive to the treatment time stored in the memory. The controller also detects a pressure property of the filter to determine its integrity and outputs an indication of a failed batch if the pressure property indicates the integrity of the filter is insufficient. 115.-. (canceled)16. A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient , the treatment system comprising:a source of fluid;a container for treatment fluid;the source of fluid being connected by a line to convey fluid through a filter and into the container for treatment fluid;the container for treatment fluid being a disposable container that permits flow into and out of it;the treatment system having a controller that controls a pump that regulates the flow of fluid from the source of fluid to the container for treatment fluid.17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the pump is regulated responsively to a measurement of pressure.18. The system of claim 16 , further comprising a controller that controls the administration of heat to the container for treatment fluid.19. The system of claim 16 , further comprising a component that withdraws the treatment fluid from the container for treatment fluid and conveys treatment fluid to and from a patient.20. A system for generating a batch of treatment fluid at a point of use claim 16 , comprising:a fluid circuit having a water source line, a ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF A MEDICAL FLUID

The present invention concerns a system and a method for dosing of at least two concentrates into water for on-line preparation of a medical fluid. The system comprises a main line () for feeding of water, a first line () with a first pump () for feeding of a first concentrate into the main line at a first mixing point (), a second line () with a second pump () for feeding of a second concentrate into the main line at a second mixing point (). A main concentration sensor () measures the concentration in the main line () downstream both the first and the second mixing points. Initially, while not feeding any of the second concentrate, the control of the dosing of the first concentrate is under feedback control from the main concentration sensor () to the first pump (). At a certain point in time a value for a feeding parameter for the first pump () is determined and the feedback control from the main concentration sensor () is moved, from control of the first pump () to control of the second pump (). Then the value for the feeding parameter is used for control of the first pump (). 1. A system for dosing of at least two concentrates into water for on-line preparation of a medical fluid , said system comprising:a main line for feeding of water;a first line with a first pump for feeding of a first concentrate into the main line at a first mixing point;a second line with a second pump for feeding of a second concentrate into the main line at a second mixing point;a main concentration sensor arranged in the main line downstream of both the first and the second mixing points; andwherein the system is configured to(i) initially control the dosing of the first concentrate, while not feeding any of the second concentrate, under feedback control from the main concentration sensor to the first pump for feeding of the first concentrate, such that when the concentration measured by the main concentration sensor has reached a first preselected concentration level, a value for a ...

Recirculating dialysate fluid circuit for measurement of blood solute species

A blood based solute monitoring system for measuring at least one blood solute species that has a first recirculation flow path in communication with a dialyzer. The first recirculation flow path is configured to allow a fluid to recirculate through a dialyzer such that the concentration of at least one solute species in the fluid becomes equilibrated to the solute species concentration of the blood compartment of the dialyzer. The blood solute monitoring system has at least one sensor to measure a fluid characteristic.

Flow Balancing Devices, Methods, and Systems

The disclosed subject matter relates to extracorporeal blood processing or other processing of fluids. Volumetric fluid balance, a required element of many such processes, may be achieved with multiple pumps or other proportioning or balancing devices which are to some extent independent of each other. This need may arise in treatments that involve multiple fluids. Safe and secure mechanisms to ensure fluid balance in such systems are described. 1. A medical treatment system , comprising:a flow balancing fluid management element configured to pump fluid from a patient interface device during a treatment and configured to pump fluid into the patient interface device during the treatment, the flow balancing fluid management element including a synchronization mechanism that is configured to proportion flow to and from the patient interface device in a predefined ratio during the treatment;the patient interface device being a device that interfaces with a patient fluid compartment including at least one of a dialyzer, a hemofilter, a hemodiafilter, an ultrafilter, and a plasmapheresis device;a proportioning bypass channel that includes a proportioning bypass pump and configured to pump fluid to or from the patient interface device in a predefined amount that has a predefined relationship to flows in said flow balancing fluid management element so as to produce a predefined net withdrawal from, or infusion into, a patient;a controller configured to control at least the proportioning bypass pump and including a processor programmed to regulate a rate of flow through the proportioning bypass pump to achieve the predefined net withdrawal from, or infusion into, the patient; andan infusion circuit connectable to a source of fluid and including an infusion circuit pump and connected to one or both of blood lines connected to a patient access, whereinat least a portion of the infusion circuit is selectively connectable to the proportioning bypass channel such that the ...

DIALYSIS BASE UNIT AND DIALYSIS SYSTEM

A dialysis base unit that is provided separately from a dialysate supply device for delivering dialysate and performs hemodialysis using the dialysate delivered from the dialysate supply device. The dialysis base unit includes a dialysate supply device identifying unit capable of identifying the dialysate supply device connected to the dialysis base unit. A dialysis system includes the dialysate supply device for delivering dialysate and the dialysis base unit. 1. A dialysis base unit that is provided separately from a dialysate supply device for delivering dialysate and performs hemodialysis using the dialysate delivered from the dialysate supply device , the dialysis base unit comprising:a dialysate supply device identifying unit capable of identifying the dialysate supply device connected to the dialysis base unit.2. The dialysis base unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:a checking unit that checks whether or not the dialysate supply device identified by the dialysate supply device identifying unit is correct.3. The dialysis base unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:a monitor for displaying a dialysis status or configurable dialysis conditions; anda display control unit that changes contents displayed on the monitor according to the dialysate supply device identified by the dialysate supply device identifying unit.4. The dialysis base unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:a communication unit for communicating with the dialysate supply device; anda dialysate supply device control unit that controls the dialysate supply device via the communication unit,wherein the dialysate supply device control unit changes a control condition according to the dialysate supply device identified by the dialysate supply device identifying unit.5. The dialysis base unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:an abnormality detecting unit that detects abnormality during hemodialysis; and a notification unit that notifies detection of abnormality when ...

HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEM

A drain cassette for a dialysis unit has a fluid channel between venous and arterial connection ports, and a valve may controllably open and close fluid communication between a drain outlet port and the venous connection port or the arterial connection port. A blood circuit assembly and drain cassette may be removable from the dialysis unit, e.g., by hand and without the use of tools. A blood circuit assembly may include a single, unitary member that defines portions of a pair of blood pumps, control valves, channels to accurately position flexible tubing for an occluder, an air trap support, and/or other portions of the assembly. A blood circuit assembly engagement device may assist with retaining a blood circuit assembly on the dialysis unit, and/or with removal of the assembly. An actuator may operate a retainer element and an ejector element that interact with the assembly. 182.-. (canceled)83. A drain cassette that is connectable to and disconnectable from a front panel of a dialysis unit by a user of the dialysis unit , comprising:a venous connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, a venous blood line connector that terminates a venous line of a blood circuit assembly;an arterial connection port for connection to, and fluid communication with, an arterial blood line connector that terminates an arterial line of the blood circuit assembly;a fluid channel fluidly connecting the venous connection port and the arterial connection port;a drain outlet port in fluid communication with the fluid channel and arranged to removably couple with a drain connector on the front panel of the dialysis unit; anda valve arranged to control flow in the fluid channel,wherein the valve is arranged to control in the fluid channel to either controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain outlet port and the venous connection port, or to controllably open and close fluid communication in the fluid channel between the drain ...

DIALYSATE CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT SENSOR DIAGNOSIS

A diagnosis method for a conductivity sensor for a dialysis fluid preparation apparatus and personal dialysis apparatus, that mix water, an A fluid and a B fluid in predetermined proportions respectively to prepare a dialysis fluid and measures the concentration of the prepared dialysis fluid by concentration measurement means is described. The diagnosis method and the respective apparatus is based in measuring the A fluid without the B fluid being present in the solution. 11101. A diagnosis method for a dialysis fluid preparation apparatus ( , ) that comprises:{'b': 2', '102, 'a water feed passage (, ) to feed water,'}{'b': 3', '103', '3', '103', '2', '102, 'an A fluid passage (, ) to feed an A fluid containing sodium chloride as a principal ingredient together with at least one other ingredient, the A fluid passage (, ) being connected with the water feed passage (, ),'}{'b': 4', '104', '4', '104', '2', '102', '20', '23', '27', '120', '123', '127', '20', '23', '27', '120', '123', '127', '3', '103', '2', '102, 'i': a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a, 'a B fluid passage (, ) to feed a B fluid composed of a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, the B fluid passage (, ) being connected with the water feed passage (, ), and concentration measurement means (, , , , , ) provided with a detection unit (, , , , , ) downstream of connecting positions of the A fluid passage (, ) on the water feed passage (, ),'}the diagnosis method comprising mixing the water, the A fluid and the B fluid in predetermined proportions respectively to prepare a dialysis fluid, and{'b': 20', '23', '27', '120', '123', '127, 'measuring a concentration of the prepared dialysis fluid by the concentration measurement means (, , , , , ), characterized in that'}{'b': 3', '103', '2', '102', '2', '102', '20', '23', '27', '120', '123', '127', '20', '23', '27', '120', '123', '127, 'before preparing the dialysis fluid, feeding the A fluid from the A fluid passage (, ) to the water feed passage (, ) so as to flow ...

Modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system

A modular assembly for a portable hemodialysis system may include a dialysis unit, e.g., that contains suitable components for performing hemodialysis, such as a dialyzer, one or more pumps to circulate blood through the dialyzer, a source of dialysate, and one or more pumps to circulate the dialysate through the dialyzer, and a power unit having a housing that contains suitable components for providing operating power to the pumps of the dialysis unit. The power unit may be selectively connected to the dialysis unit and provide power (e.g., pneumatic power in the form of pressure and/or vacuum) to the dialysis unit for the pumps when connected to the dialysis unit, but may be incapable of providing power to the dialysis unit when disconnected from the dialysis unit. The dialysis unit and the power unit are sized and weighted to each be carried by hand by a human.

Implantable fluid management system for treating heart failure

A device and methods for treating renal failure are disclosed. One embodiment of the device is an implantable peritoneal dialysis device. When in use, the device can have a semi-permeable reservoir implanted in the peritoneal cavity. The reservoir can receive blood waste and drain through one or more conduits, via a pump, to the biological bladder. Solids and/or a solution benefiting dialysis can be pumped to the reservoir and/or implanted in the peritoneal cavity.

APPLIANCE FOR THE SUPPORT OF BIOMEDICAL DEVICES DURING EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION

An appliance for the support of biomedical devices during extracorporeal circulation. The appliance comprises at least one load-bearing body, at least one command and control unit connectable to at least one biomedical device, at least one holding element provided with at least first supporting device/unit/component/structure of a first biomedical device and with second supporting device/unit/component/structure of a second biomedical device, wherein the first supporting device/unit/component/structure and the second supporting device/unit/component/structure are locked to each other and wherein the holding element comprises removable hooking device/unit/component/structure to the load-bearing body. 1) An appliance for the support of biomedical devices during extracorporeal circulation , the appliance comprising:at least one load-bearing body, at least one command and control unit connectable to at least one biomedical device, at least one holding element provided with at least first supporting means of a first biomedical device and with second supporting means of a second biomedical device, whereinsaid first supporting means and said second supporting means are locked to each other, andsaid holding element comprises removable hooking means to said load-bearing body.2) The appliance according to claim 1 , whereinsaid holding element is made in a single body piece.3) The appliance according to claim 2 , wherein said holding element has at least a first holding wall with which said first supporting means are associated and at least a second holding wall with which said second supporting means are associated claim 2 , said first and second holding walls being arranged transversely to each other.4) The appliance according to claim 3 , wherein said first and second holding walls are arranged claim 3 , in use claim 3 , vertically and horizontally claim 3 , respectively.5) The appliance according to claim 4 , wherein said holding element comprises at least one intermediate ...

INTRADIALYTIC ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM THIOSULFATE

The invention provides a source of sodium thiosulfate via the dialysate used to cleanse the bool of toxic and metabolic waste in the patients undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or gastro-intestinal dialysis for treatment of end-stage or near end-stage chronic renal disease. In the method of the invention, dialysis solution components contain therapeutic amounts of sodium thiosulfate, which when fully reconstituted for use as a single solution, deliver 20-130 mg/dl of dialysate. 13-. (canceled)4. A method of treating dialysis dependent patients suffering from end-stage renal disease in which said patient has or is susceptible to complications from calcification processes in the body comprising:mixing a hemodialysate solution from a dry powder mixture comprising sodium thiosulfate so that said hemodialysate solution comprises about 20 mg/dl to about 130 mg/dl sodium thiosulfate,performing hemodialysis on said dialysis dependent patient with said hemodialysate solution, andassessing said dialysis patent for reduction of calcification.5. (canceled)6. The dialysis method of wherein said calcification processes include vascular calcification characterized by coronary ischemic events claim 4 , peripheral vascular occlusive disease claim 4 , mesenteric ischemia claim 4 , restrictive lung disease or pulmonary hypertension claim 4 , skin ulcers claim 4 , decubitous ulcers claim 4 , and other organ vascular insufficiency; myocardial claim 4 , endocardial and pericardial calcification claim 4 , calcification of the heart valves; muscular calcification;and calcification of perineurium, endoneurium, the vasa nervorum, distal pre-capillary arterioles, and soft tissue.79-. (canceled)10. The method of claim 4 , wherein said assessing said dialysis dependent patient for reduction of calcification comprises determining the coronary artery calcium score of said patient.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said coronary artery calcium score of said patient is improved as ...

Method of ultrasonic degassing of liquids for dialysis

The invention relates to a device for degassing liquids, in particular liquids used in dialysis. Liquids to be degassed are treated by ultrasound in a degassing unit and are discharged from the degassing unit through a hollow channel in the ultrasonic sonotrode for further use.

DIALYSIS SYSTEM AND METHODS

Dialysis systems and methods are described which can include a number of features. The dialysis systems described can be to provide dialysis therapy to a patient in the comfort of their own home. The dialysis system can be configured to prepare purified water from a tap water source in real-time that is used for creating a dialysate solution. The dialysis systems described also include features that make it easy for a patient to self-administer therapy. For example, the dialysis systems include disposable cartridge and patient tubing sets that are easily installed on the dialysis system and automatically align the tubing set, sensors, venous drip chamber, and other features with the corresponding components on the dialysis system. Methods of use are also provided, including automated priming sequences, blood return sequences, and dynamic balancing methods for controlling a rate of fluid transfer during different types of dialysis, including hemodialysis, ultrafiltration, and hemodiafiltration. 1. A method of priming a tubing set and a dialyzer of a dialysis system , comprising the steps of:connecting an arterial line of a tubing set to a venous line of the tubing set to form a continuous loop in the tubing set;pumping air out of the tubing set with an air pump;pulling a flow of fluid from a fluid source into the tubing set with the air pump;operating a blood pump of the dialysis system in a forward operating mode to flow fluid from the fluid source into the tubing set in a first direction; andoperating the blood pump in a reverse operating mode to flow fluid through the tubing set in a second direction opposite to the first direction.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulling step further comprises pulling the fluid into the tubing set with the air pump until the fluid is detected by a first level sensor in a venous drip chamber.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein operating the blood pump in the forward operating mode further comprises operating the blood pump in ...

Dialysis systems including therapy prescription entries

A dialysis system includes a dialysis machine configured to control fluid loss or ultrafiltration (“UF”) volume over a treatment; a graphical user interface (“GUI”) that allows selection of a prescription entry for the treatment; and a processor operating with the GUI, the processor programmed to (i) receive a plurality of prescription entries via a local or wide area mode of data communication, each prescription entry including at least one prescribed parameter for operating the dialysis machine to control the fluid loss or UF volume, and (ii) enable an operator to choose between the prescription entries provided at the GUI, and select one of the prescription entries for the treatment.

FLUID PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Certain disclosed embodiments concern systems and methods of preparing dialysate for use in a home dialysis system that is compact and light-weight relative to existing systems and consumes relatively low amounts of energy. The method includes coupling a household water stream to a dialysis system; filtering the water stream; heating the water stream to at least about 138 degrees Celsius in a non-batch process to produce a heated water stream; maintaining the heated water stream at or above at least about 138 degrees Celsius for at least about two seconds; cooling the heated water stream to produce a cooled water stream; ultrafiltering the cooled water stream; and mixing dialysate components into the cooled water stream in a non-batch process. 1. A fluid purification system comprising:a pump adapted to pump household water through a pump outlet;a microfluidic heat exchanger downstream of the pump and coupled to the fluid flow pathway, the microfluidic heat exchanger comprising an inlet in fluid communication with the pump outlet, an inflow microchannel downstream of the inlet, a heater downstream of the inflow microchannel, an outflow microchannel downstream of the heater and in thermal communication with the inflow microchannel to permit heat transfer between water flowing in the outflow microchannel and water flowing in the inflow microchannel, the microfluidic heat exchanger being configured to heat the water to a pasteurization temperature, maintain the water at the pasteurization temperature for a period of time effective to pasteurize the water, and cool the pasteurized water to a temperature lower than the pasteurization temperature; anda mixer downstream of the microfluidic heat exchanger, the mixer comprising dialysate components for addition to water flowing from the microfluidic heat exchanger.2. The system of wherein the microfluidic heat exchanger further comprises a plurality of inflow microchannels in fluid communication with the inlet and a plurality ...

Hemodialysis system including a disposable cassette

A dialysis system includes a dialyzer, a sorbent cartridge configured to clean used dialysate from the dialyzer, a dialysate pump actuator configured to pump dialysate to the dialyzer, and a conductivity sensor located adjacent to a temperature sensor. The dialysis system also includes a disposable cassette configured to carry dialysate pumped by the dialysate pump actuator. The disposable cassette includes a combined conductivity and temperature sensor fluid chamber separate from the conductivity sensor and the temperature sensor and located so as to operate with the conductivity sensor and the temperature sensor, respectively, when mounted for operation.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ESTABLISHING A KEY AGREEMENT PROTOCOL

A system and method for generating a secret key to facilitate secure communications between users. A first and second and a function between the two monoids are selected, the function being a monoid homomorphism. A group and a group action of the group on the first monoid is selected. Each user is assigned a submonoid of the first monoid so that these submonoids satisfy a special symmetry property determined by the function, a structure of the first and second monoids, and the action of the group. A multiplication of an element in the second monoid and an element in the first monoid is obtained by combining the group action and the monoid homomorphism. First and second users choose private keys which are sequences of elements in their respective submonoids. A first result is obtained by multiplying an identity element by the first element of the sequence in a respective submonoid. Starting with the first result, each element of the user's private key may be iteratively multiplied by the previous result to produce a public key. Public keys are exchanged between first and second users. Each user's private key may be iteratively multiplied by the other user's public key to produce a secret key. Secure communication may then occur between the first and second user using the secret key. 1. A method for securing communications from a user , the method comprising:selecting a first monoid;selecting a second monoid;selecting a function, the function being a monoid homomorphism that maps the first monoid to the second monoid;selecting a group;selecting an action of the group on the first monoid;determining a semi-direct product of the first monoid and the group to produce a third monoid;selecting a first and second submonoid of the third monoid, a pair of the first and second submonoids satisfying a criterion, the first submonoid being defined by a first set of generators, wherein the criterion satisfies a property determined by the function, a structure of the first and ...

PORTABLE HEMODIALYSIS MACHINE AND DISPOSABLE CARTRIDGE WITH DIALYSIS RESERVOIR LEVEL SENSOR

A portable hemodialysis system is provided including a disposable cartridge and a reused dialysis machine. The disposable cartridge includes a dialysate flow path and a blood flow path which flow in opposite directions through a dialyzer. The disposable cartridge includes a filter for removing waste products from the dialysate. The reused dialysis machine possesses a reservoir for dialysate, various sensors including a reservoir level sensor assembly, and a processor connected to the various sensors for controlling and monitoring hemodialysis treatment. The reservoir level sensor assembly includes a vertically extending electrode array for transmitting electrical signals to the processor detecting whether the reservoir possesses sufficient dialysate for therapy, and for detecting whether there is a fault condition during therapy such as a loss of dialysate in the reservoir or an increase in fluid in the reservoir which may indicate a failure in the dialysis membrane. 1. A hemodialysis system with reservoir level sensor comprising:an arterial blood line for connecting to a patient's artery for collecting blood from a patient;a venous blood line for connecting to a patient's vein for returning blood to a patient;a dialyzer;a blood flow path connected to said arterial blood line and said venous blood line for transporting blood from a patient to said dialyzer and back to a patient;a reservoir for storing a dialysate solution, said reservoir including a nominal fill level below the top of said reservoir;a dialysate flow path, isolated from the blood flow path, for transporting a dialysate from said reservoir to said dialyzer and back to said reservoir;a first pump for pumping dialysate through said dialysate flow path;a second pump for pumping blood through said blood flow path;a filter connected to said dialysate flow path for removing uremic toxins from dialysate;a reservoir level sensor within said reservoir for measuring the level of dialysate in said reservoir, ...

Portable hemodialysis assembly with ammonia sensor

A portable hemodialysis system is provided including a disposable cartridge and a reused dialysis machine. The disposable cartridge includes a dialysate flow path and a blood flow path which flow in opposite directions through a dialyzer. The disposable cartridge includes a filter for removing waste products from the dialysate, and pressure and fluid flow sensors for measuring the pressure and fluid flow in the dialysate flow path and blood flow path. Preferably, the filter has a vapor membrane for releasing gases including ammonia, but not liquids such as the dialysate. The reused dialysis machine possesses a reservoir for dialysate, an ammonia sensor adjacent to the vapor membrane, a level sensor, a blood leak sensor, a venous blood line pressure sensor, a venous blood line bubble detector, pump motors, and a processor connected to the motors and sensors for controlling and monitoring hemodialysis treatment.

Portable hemodialysis machine and disposable cartridge with blood leak sensor

A portable hemodialysis system is provided including a disposable cartridge and a reused dialysis machine. The disposable cartridge includes a dialysate flow path and a blood flow path which flow in opposite directions through a dialyzer. The disposable cartridge includes a filter for removing waste products from the dialysate. The reused dialysis machine possesses a reservoir for dialysate, various sensors including a blood leak sensor assembly, and a processor connected to the various sensors for controlling and monitoring hemodialysis treatment. The blood leak sensor assembly includes a light source for emitting light through the dialysate flow path and a light sensor for receiving light having passed through the dialysate flow path. The processor is connected to the light source for determining whether blood has leaked from the blood flow path into the dialysate flow path. Preferably, the light source emits light having two peak wavelengths.

Dry Acid Concentrate In Granulate Form

The present invention relates to a novel dry acid concentrate (DAC) for a dialysis liquid and to a dialysis liquid, which is made from said concentrate, and which may be used for purifying blood. The invention further relates to a method of making the dry acid concentrate as well as the dialysis liquid. It also relates to a container () comprising said acid concentrate, and which is—in certain embodiments—specially adapted to a dialysis unit. 115-. (canceled)16. A dry concentrate suitable to form a liquid acid concentrate or a part of a liquid acid concentrate usable in dialysis comprisinga first component comprising a first granulate comprising a plurality of first granules comprising sodium chloride and glucose, anda second component comprising a second granulate comprising a plurality of second granules, wherein said second granules comprise at least one further physiologically acceptable electrolyte, which is different from sodium chloride,or a second component in the form of a powder, wherein said powder comprises at least one further physiologically acceptable electrolyte which is different from sodium chloride, andwherein said powder comprises a plurality of fine particles, wherein each particle comprises or consists of one of said at least one further physiologically acceptable electrolyte,or a mixture of said second granulate and said powder;wherein said concentrate is substantially free of a base component that is suitably used in dialysis.17. The dry concentrate according to claim 16 , wherein the first and the second components comprise or consist of said first and second granulates.18. The dry concentrate according to claim 17 , wherein the first granules of the first component exhibit a higher average equivalent diameter than the second granules of the second component.19. The dry concentrate according to claim 16 , wherein the first granulate comprises at least 50 wt-% of first granules claim 16 , respectively based on the total weight of the first ...

CASSETTE SYSTEM INTEGRATED APPARATUS

A cassette integrated system. The cassette integrated system includes a mixing cassette, a balancing cassette, a middle cassette fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette and at least one pod. The mixing cassette is fluidly connected to the middle cassette by at least one fluid line and the middle cassette is fluidly connected to the balancing cassette by at least one fluid line. The at least one pod is connected to at least two of the cassettes wherein the pod is located in an area between the cassettes. 120-. (canceled)21. An integrated cassette system comprising a fluid mixing cassette , a middle cassette and a fluid balancing cassette , the middle cassette interposed between the mixing cassette and the balancing cassette; a mixing chamber interposed between and fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the middle cassette, the mixing chamber having a first fluid port connected to the mixing cassette and a second fluid port connected to the middle cassette;', 'a mixing cassette reciprocating membrane pump interposed between and fluidly connected to the mixing cassette and the middle cassette, the mixing cassette reciprocating membrane pump configured to pump fluid to the mixing chamber;', 'a balancing chamber interposed between the middle cassette and the balancing cassette, the balancing chamber comprising a flexible membrane separating the balancing chamber into a first fluid compartment and a second fluid compartment, the first fluid compartment in fluid communication with the middle cassette and the second fluid compartment in fluid communication with the fluid balancing cassette;', 'a balancing cassette reciprocating membrane pump interposed between and fluidly connected to the middle cassette and the balancing cassette, the balancing cassette reciprocating membrane pump configured to pump fluid into the first fluid compartment of the balancing chamber, displacing an equal volume of fluid from the second fluid compartment of the ...

A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING MICROBIOLOGICALLY CONTROLLED FLUID

A method and a system () comprising an integrated water purifying apparatus () with a pre-filter circuit () including a particle filter and an activated carbon filter arranged to produce pre-treated water; a fluid circuit () arranged to receive pre-treated water from the pre-filter circuit (), the fluid circuit () includes an RO-pump () and a Reverse Osmosis, RO, device, () arranged to produce purified water; a heating device () arranged to heat purified water from the RO device () to a temperature above 65°; the water purifying apparatus () is further arranged to heat disinfect the fluid circuit () using the heated purified water. The system () further comprises a line set () connected to the purified water outlet connector () at a water line connector () of the line set (), wherein the line set () includes at least one sterile sterilizing grade filter () arranged to filter the purified water into sterile purified water. 117-. (canceled)18. A system comprising:a line set connected to a purified water outlet connector, wherein the line set includes at least one sterilizing filter; and (i) a pre-filter circuit connected to a water inlet for receiving water from a water source, wherein the pre-filter circuit includes a particle filter and an activated carbon filter, wherein each of the particle filter and the activated carbon filter are arranged to filter water received via the water inlet to produce pre-treated water,', a pump,', 'a reverse osmosis device, and', 'a heating device arranged to heat purified water output from the reverse osmosis device to a temperature above 65° C., and, '(ii) a fluid circuit arranged to receive pre-treated water from the pre-filter circuit and to produce purified water, wherein the fluid circuit includes'}, '(iii) the purified water outlet connector,, 'a water purifying apparatus fluidly connected with the line set, the water purifying apparatus including'} pump pre-treated water through the reverse osmosis device using the pump,', ' ...

INTRADIALYTIC USE OF SODIUM NITRITE

Provided herein are methods for maintaining physiological levels of nitrite in a subject undergoing hemodialysis. Also provided herein are methods of administering pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite to a subject undergoing hemodialysis. 1. A method for maintaining physiological levels of nitrite in a subject undergoing hemodialysis; preventing myocardial infarction in a subject undergoing dialysis; preventing sudden cardiac death in a subject undergoing dialysis; preventing stroke in a subject undergoing dialysis; preventing cardiovascular disease that is characterized by tissue ischemia in a subject undergoing dialysis; preventing high blood pressure in a subject undergoing dialysis; preventing pulmonary hypertension in a subject undergoing dialysis; or preventing renal hypertension in a subject undergoing dialysis , comprising intradialytically contacting said subject's blood with a dialyzer membrane that is also in contact with a nitrite-spiked dialysate , wherein an aqueous solution comprising sodium nitrite is added to an unspiked dialysate as the unspiked dialysate flows from a dialysis machine to a dialyzer membrane , wherein said unspiked dialysate comprises a mixture of water , an acid concentrate solution , and a bicarbonate concentrate solution , and wherein said nitrite-spiked dialysate has a pH greater than about 7.0.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physiological level of nitrite in said subject is no more than about 1 micromolar.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physiological level of nitrite in said subject is between about 200 nanomolar and about 500 nanomolar.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physiological level of nitrite in said subject is about 300 nanomolar.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of nitrite in said nitrite-spiked dialysate is no more than about 1 micromolar.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of nitrite in said nitrite-spiked dialysate is between about 200 nanomolar and about ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONNECTING A CONCENTRATE CONTAINER WITH A BLOOD TREATMENT DEVICE WITHOUT LEAKAGES

The present invention refers to a container comprising a connection portion allowing for an easy, efficient and more hygienic connection of the container to a fluid dosing unit of a blood treatment device. According to the present invention the fluid dosing unit comprises a valve that fluidically closes the fluid dosing unit if no container is connected to the fluid dosing unit and that opens the fluid dosing unit upon connection of a container to the fluid dosing unit. Thus, undesired spillages potentially arising upon disconnection of the container from the fluid dosing unit can be avoided. 1. Container for concentrate , comprising:a main body for containing concentrate,a connection portion having a flat end surface facing away from the main body and an opening through that the main body can be filled with concentrate,a inlet through that fluid can be supplied to the main body and an outlet through that fluid can be withdrawn from the main body, wherein at least in the outlet a fluid permeable actor is arranged that is configured to open a valve in a fluid line of a fluid dosing unit when the container is connected to the fluid dosing unit to fluidically couple the container to the fluid dosing unit.2. Container according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid permeable actor comprises a spike configured to open the valve and at least one lumen to conduct fluid.3. Container according to claim 1 , wherein the outlet and the inlet each project along a straight line traversing the connection portion from the flat end surface facing away from the main body to a flat end surface facing the main body.4. Container according to claim 1 , wherein the container comprises two attachment elements arranged at two opposing sides of the connection portion and configured to reversibly attach the container to two corresponding attachment elements present on a blood treatment device claim 1 , whereinthe two attachment elements project in a first direction and the outlet and inlet project ...