СПОСОБ И АППАРАТУРА ДЛЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ БИСФЕНОЛА А

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу извлечения бисфенола А, включающему: (А) стадию реакции конденсации, на которой избыточное количество фенола реагирует с ацетоном в присутствии кислого катализатора; (В) стадию концентрирования, на которой концентрируют реакционную смесь, полученную на стадии (А); (С) стадию кристаллизации и разделения жидкость-твердое, на которой реакционную смесь, сконцентрированную на стадии (В), охлаждают так, чтобы кристаллизовать аддукт бисфенола А и фенола и разделить ее на аддукт и маточный раствор; (D) стадию изомеризации, на которой весь маточный раствор, полученный на стадии (С), обрабатывают катализатором изомеризации и изомеризуют; (Е) стадию извлечения, на которой аддукт бисфенола А и фенола извлекают из изомеризованной жидкости, полученной на стадии (D); (F) стадию разложения аддукта, на которой фенол удаляют из аддукта бисфенола А и фенола, полученного на стадии (С) для получения расплава бисфенола А, и (G) стадию гранулирования, на которой расплав ...

ОТДЕЛИТЕЛЬ ДЛЯ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА, СПОСОБ ЕГО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ И ОТДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ УЗЕЛ

Изобретение относится к отделителю для диоксида углерода. Описан отделитель диоксида углерода, содержащегося, в частности, в дымовом газе электростанции на ископаемом топливе, включающий в себя абсорбционный узел, приданный ему десорбционный узел и отделительный узел для отделения солей из промывочного раствора. При этом абсорбционный узел и десорбционный узел сообщены между собой первым трубопроводом для восстановленного промывочного раствора (А) и вторым трубопроводом для насыщенного промывочного раствора (А'). Отделительный узел содержит кристаллизатор для образования кристаллов солей и расположенный на стороне стекающего потока сепарационный узел для отделения кристаллов солей. Также описан соответствующий способ эксплуатации отделителя. Кроме того, описан отделительный узел для отделения солей из промывочного раствора, который содержит кристаллизатор и расположенный на стороне стекающего потока первый сепарационный узел для отделения кристаллов солей. Кристаллизатор содержит кристаллизационную ...

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА ИЗ ЖИДКОЙ СМЕСИ ПУТЕМ ФРАКЦИОНИРОВАННОЙ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ

Способ выделения веществ из жидкой смеси путем фракционированной кристаллизации с осаждением кристаллического слоя на одной стороне стенки кристаллизатора, которую охлаждают с другой стороны, и последующим расплавлением кристаллического слоя. Для кристаллизации испаряют охлаждающую среду на указанной другой стороне стенки, а давление газообразной фазы охлаждающей среды в кристаллизаторе регулируют в соответствии с температурой, требуемой для кристаллизации. Способ осуществляют на аппарате, снабженном по меньшей мере одним соединительным устройством для подвода и отвода газообразной фазы среды и средствами для регулирования давления газообразной среды в кристаллизаторе. Данное решение обеспечивает уменьшение энергетических затрат. 2 с. и 15 з.п.ф-лы, 3 ил.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ СМЕСИ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ МАСЛО И ПАРАФИН

Изобретение относится к фракционированию минерального или синтетического масла, загрязненного парафином. Способ фракционирования неочищенной смеси, содержащей по меньшей мере одно масло и по меньшей мере один парафин включает этап a) предварительного фракционирования посредством кристаллизации слоев неочищенной смеси, содержащей по меньшей мере одно масло и по меньшей мере один парафин, либо неочищенной смеси с растворителем, полученной посредством добавления перед этапом предварительного фракционирования растворителя в количестве не более 100% по весу относительно веса неочищенной смеси, для получения первой фракции, содержащей масло с низким содержанием парафина, и второй фракции, содержащей парафин с низким содержанием масла; первый этап b) кристаллизации, включающий первый подэтап b) кристаллизации суспензии, на котором первая фракция, содержащая масло с низким содержанием парафина, используется для получения третьей фракции, содержащей депарафинированное масло, и четвертой фракции; ...

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТУРА ДЛЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ БИСФЕНОЛА А

... 1. Способ извлечения бисфенола А на стадии (Е) процесса получения бисфенола А, включающем: (А) стадию реакции конденсации, на которой избыточное количество фенола реагирует с ацетоном в присутствии кислого катализатора; (В) стадию концентрирования, на которой концентрируют реакционную смесь, полученную на стадии (А); (С) стадию кристаллизации и разделения жидкость-твердое, на которой реакционную смесь, сконцентрированную на стадии (В), охлаждают так, чтобы кристаллизовать аддукт бисфенола А и фенола и разделить ее на аддукт и маточный раствор; (D) стадию изомеризации, на которой весь маточный раствор, полученный на стадии (С) обрабатывают катализатором изомеризации и изомеризуют; (Е) стадию извлечения, на которой аддукт бисфенола А и фенола извлекают из изомеризованной жидкости, полученной на стадии (D); (F) стадию разложения аддукта, на которой фенол удаляют из аддукта бисфенола А и фенола, полученного на стадии (С) для получения расплава бисфенола А; и (G) стадию гранулирования, на которой ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИУРЕТА И ЦИАНУРОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

... 1. Способ получения биурета, включающий (a) плавление мочевины; (b) осуществление термического разложения расплавленной мочевины при нагревании; (c) добавление воды к полученному продукту термического разложения для осаждения и фильтрования неочищенных кристаллов биурета; (d) растворение неочищенных кристаллов биурета в водном растворе щелочи; (e) охлаждение растворенного продукта для осаждения кристаллов биурета; и (f) фильтрование охлажденного продукта, чтобы получить кристаллы биурета и маточный раствор, и промывание кристаллов биурета. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором на стадии (а) мочевину нагревают в плавителе до температуры от 130°С до 160°С. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором на стадии (b) температура нагрева находится в диапазоне от 130°С до 200°С. 4. Способ по п.1, в котором газообразный аммиак и газообразную изоциановую кислоту, полученные на стадии (b), направляют на стадию (а). 5. Способ по п.1, в котором стадию (b) осуществляют при подаче воздуха или инертного газа в нижнюю часть реактора ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕЛАМИНА ВЫСОКОЙ СТЕПЕНИ ЧИСТОТЫ ИЗ МОЧЕВИНЫ

1. Способ получения меламина высокой степени чистоты, отличающийся тем, что он включает следующие шаги: ! быстрое охлаждение расплава меламина, очищенного от отходящих газов синтеза меламина и содержащего примеси меламина, такие как аммелин, аммелид и поликонденсаты, с использованием содержащего аммиак водного раствора в условиях, обеспечивающих превращение существенной части поликонденсатов в меламин, и с получением раствора меламина, по существу не содержащего поликонденсатов; ! извлечение меламина из указанного раствора меламина путем кристаллизации меламина с получением кристаллов меламина и маточного раствора кристаллизации меламина; ! обработку маточного раствора кристаллизации меламина в условиях, обеспечивающих превращение по меньшей мере части содержащегося в нем аммелина в аммелид и меламин, с получением обработанного маточного раствора по меньшей мере с уменьшенным содержанием аммелина. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что упомянутый шаг быстрого охлаждения осуществляют в диапазоне температур от 150°С до 190°С с использованием водного раствора, содержащего аммиак в концентрации от 20% до 35%, в течение 10-30 мин с получением меламина с концентрацией от 8 до 16 мас.%. ! 3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что при осуществлении шага быстрого охлаждения в указанный водный раствор, содержащий аммиак, добавляют также газообразный аммиак. ! 4. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что шаг быстрого охлаждения осуществляют в диапазоне температур от 160°С до 180°С, а концентрация меламина в растворе меламина составляет от 9 до 13 мас.%. ! 5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что упомянутый шаг извлечения меламина осуществляю РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2010 140 444 (13) A (51) МПК C07D 251/60 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010140444/04, 24.02.2009 (71) Заявитель(и): УРЕА КАСАЛЕ С.А. (CH) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 04.03.2008 EP 08004013.2 (72) Автор(ы): СЬОЛИ ...

TREATMENT OF WAX

Treatment of wax

Structure for use in a sugar making process.

Removal of sodium oxalate from a bayer liquor

Production of crystalline materials by using high intensity ultrasound.

Production of crystalline materials by using high intensity ultrasound.

Process uninterrupted of crystallization.

Treatment of wax

Structure for use in a sugar making process.

Treatment of wax

Removal of sodium oxalate from a bayer liquor

PROCEDURE FOR MAKING CONCENTRATES OF WASSERHAELTIGEN LIQUIDS

PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID FROM A SOLUTION BY CRYSTALLIZATION

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE DRYING CRACKING

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CLEANING OF HIGH-MELTING ORGANIC RAW PRODUCTS OR CONNECTING COMPOUNDS OF MEANS OF FRACTIONATIONS LAYER CRYSTALLIZATION

PROCEDURE FOR THE REGULATION OF PROGRESSIVE FREEZING CONCENTRATION

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING A SIZE GROWTH OF IN FUELLMASSEN MIDDLE ONES AND HIGH PURITY CONTAINED CRYSTALS

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF A POTASSIUM CHLORIDE MIXTURE.

DEVICE FOR STOFFTRENNUNG FROM A LIQUID MIXTURE BY CRYSTALLIZATION.

CRYSTALLIZER WITH REDUCED INCRUSTATION.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF MELTS.

PLANT FOR CONCENTRATING LOESUNGEN.

PROTECTED ACTIVATOR, IN ORDER TO INTRODUCE THE CRYSTALLIZATION CONTROLLABLE.

ROTATIONSRUEHRWERK WITH INTERNAL HEATING.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS WITH A LIQUID THE AGAINST THE CURRENT.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE STOFFTRENNUNG BY CRYSTALLIZATION OF MELTS

Procedure and device for the production of regularly formed pieces from melted materials.

CYCLE CRYSTALLIZER - METHOD AND APPARATUS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF D-THREO (R, R) - AND RECYCLING METHYLPHENIDAT NOT DESIRED ONE ENANTIOMERE THROUGH EPIMERISIERUNG

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CLEANING OF ORGANIC MATERIALS BY FRACTIONATED CRYSTALLIZATION WITH VARIABLE FLOW RATE

HEAT TRANSMISSION DEVICE

PRODUCTION OF CRYSTAL MATERIALS WITH HIGH SPEED ULTRASONIC

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PERSALZTEILCHEN

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CLEANING OF MATERIALS OF MEANS CRYSTALLIZATION

DISSOLUTION PROCEDURE OF THREO METHYLPHENIDATE ONES

Procedure and device for the separation or cleaning of fusionliquid, liquid or solved materials by fractionated crystallization

PROCEDURE FOR THE CLEANING OF CHINALDIN

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS SEPARATION FROM MATERIAL MIXTURES BY RECTIFYING MULTISTAGE ONES COLUMN CRYSTALLIZATION

Apparatus and method for generating dialysate for dialysis

The invention relates to an apparatus for generating dialysate for dialysis comprising a dialysate outlet (7) and a dialysate inlet (6) and dialysate purifying means, wherein the purifying means comprise a cryopurifier for generating pure water, wherein the inlet (101) of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate outlet (7) and the outlet (125) of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate inlet (6). The invention also relates to a method for reclaiming of fresh dialysate from ultrafiltrate and wasted dialysate extracted from a dialysis patient, comprising the following steps: (a) preparing an ice slurry from the dialysate, wherein the ice slurry contains ice crystals and a liquid containing solutes; and (b) separating the ice crystals from the liquid containing the solutes.

Method and device for separating metals and/or metal alloys of different melting points

A process and an apparatus for producing episesamin-rich compositions

It is intended to provide a method and an apparatus for producing a composition containing episesamin at a concentration exceeding 50% by weight based on the total weight of sesamin and episesamin simply and in high yield. The method for producing a composition containing episesamin at a concentration exceeding 50% by weight simply and in high yield comprising the steps of converting at least a part of sesamin into episesamin by subjecting sesamin or a composition containing sesamin to epimerization and selectively crystallizing episesamin using the recrystallization method and the apparatus therefor are provided.

A method of treating potash

Device and method for the production of compounds by precipitation

MULTIFLOW ROTARY HEAT EXCHANGER ELEMENT

FREEZE CONCENTRATION

Method for continuous preparation of high bulk density methionine crystal

The present invention relates to a method for the continuous preparation of high bulk density methionine crystals. The process of the method is as follows: a hydrolysate, which is obtained from a reaction of 5-(β-methylthioethyl)hydantoin and a potassium carbonate solution, is mixed with an external circulation material from a DTB neutralization crystallizer having a gas phase neutralization section; after the mixture is cooled, the mixture enters a liquid distributor of a neutralization region in the upper part of the crystallizer; the mixture is sprayed in liquid droplets or trickles into carbon dioxide gas for neutralization reaction, and then naturally falls into a crystallization region in the lower part to be mixed with a material in the region; the mixture grows on small crystals in a system to form crystals having larger particle diameters, and meanwhile new crystal nucleuses are formed; in a settling region in the middle part of the crystallization region, the crystals having larger ...

Method for treatment of water comprising non-polar compounds

Production method for concentrated product using membrane-concentration method and freeze-concentration method

Provided is a concentrated product production method using a membrane-concentration method and a freeze-concentration method that efficiently reduce (practically applicable) processing time (concentration time) as required in large-scale (commercial-scale) production. The concentrated product production method using a membrane-concentration method and a freeze-concentration method comprises: a membrane-concentration step in which a fluid to be treated is cooled, the solid-component concentration thereof is membrane-concentrated by at least 1.5 times, and a membrane-concentrated fluid to be treated is prepared; an ice crystal generation step in which the membrane-concentrated fluid to be treated is cooled, ice crystals of the membrane-concentrated fluid to be treated are generated in the membrane-concentrated fluid to be treated, and a mixed fluid is obtained, of ice crystals and concentrated fluid to be treated being membrane-concentrated fluid to be treated further concentrated as a result ...

Pressure driven flow crystallizer

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for pressure driven flow crystallization. In some embodiments, the system comprises a comprising a cavity and a mixing mechanism. In some embodiments, one or more inlets facilitate the transfer of one or more reagent streams to the cavity. In some such embodiments, the mixing mechanism mixes the first and second reagent streams such that a continuous crystallization and/or generation of a product (e.g., solid particles) in the fluid.

CONTINUOUS REFLUX REFINING OF METALS

Absorption vapor pressure enhancement process and its applications in high level refrigeration and separation processes

FREEZE CONCENTRATION

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CONCENTRATES FROM AQUEOUS LIQUIDS

REFLUX CRYSTALLIZATION

A METHOD OF TREATING POTASH

A method of separating potassium chloride and sodium chloride from a heated solution of these salts, such as a solution obtained from potash ore, to recover potassium chloride from the ore is disclosed. The method includes a combination of steps of (a) extracting water from a heated solution containing potassium chloride and sodium chloride using a membrane system and (b) subsequently cooling the solution discharged from the membrane system, whereby steps (a) and (b) make it possible to selectively recover potassium chloride and sodium chloride from the solution.

PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION

A process for continuous crystallization from a solution of at least one crystallizable material in a series of crystallization stages with partial crystallization in each stage, and classifying of partially crystallized suspension between each stage, wherein suspension from the last stage is passed to a separator which separates and returns a stream of remaining crystals to the last stage, and remaining solution from the separator is discharged and product crystals are taken from the first stage, the improvement constituting the invention is that partially grown crystals are circulated in circuits constituted by two or more subsequent crystallization stages in the series and by their connection conduits thereby that a stream of partially crystallized suspension after separation of a coarse fraction by classification is passed from a stage to the next stage in the series, whereas a stream of return suspension is passed in countercurrent in the series from a stage to the preceding stage ...

DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATING SOLUTIONS

The invention relates to a device for concentrating solutions by partly freezing-out solvent, consisting of a vessel surrounded laterally by an insulated cooling jacket, the vessel comprising a stirring means and a draining aperture at the bottom. The cooling jacket does not extend down to the lowermost portion of the vessel. The lowermost portion of the vessel in which the stirring means and the draining aperture are accommodated, externally comprises, preferably is surrounded by, a heating medium.

EQUIPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF WET SOLIDS, ESPECIALLY PULPY MATERIALS BY HEATING, OR COOLING

The present invention provides an apparatus for the treatment, such as drying, freezing, crystallization of wet solids including slurries, suspensions, pulps and the like with heating or cooling. The apparatus comprises an apparatus for treatment of wet solids, especially pulpy organic materials comprising: a hollow treating body rotatable abort a horizontal axis; means for feeding the material to be treated into said treating body; means for discharging the treated material from said treating body; and means for controlling the temperature of said treating body, said treating body comprising: an annular treating drum centered on said horizontal axis and communicating thereat with the feeding means, said drum being formed with an axially flared peripheral wall, a first duet communicating with said drum at a location offset from said horizontal axis and having a first longitudinal axis forming an angle therewith; a second duct communicating with said first duet at said horizontal axis and ...

CRYSTALLIZATION APPARATUS AND PROCESS

APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING A SUSPENSION

PROTECTED TRIGGER TO CONTROLLABLY INITIATE CRYSTALLIZATION

METHODS FOR EXTRACTION, PROCESSING, AND PURIFICATION OF A SELECTED FAMILY OF TARGET COMPOUNDS FROM CANNABIS

Disclosed are methods for separating, recovering, and purifying tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) salts from an organic solvent solution comprising a mixture of cannabinoids. The methods comprise solubilizing the mixture of cannabinoids in a selected C5-C7 hydrocarbon solvent, adding thereto a selected amine to thereby precipitate a THCA-amine salt therefrom, dissolving the recovered THCA-amine salt in a selected solvent and then adding thereto a selected antisolvent to thereby recrystallize a purified THCA-amine salt therefrom. The recrystallized THCA-amine salt may be decarboxylated to form a mixture of A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC) and amine. The A9-THC amine mixture may be acidified to separate the amine from A9-THC. The recovered A9-THC may be concentrated to produce a highly purified A9-THC. Also disclosed are THCA-amine salts produced with amines selected from groups of diamines, amino alcohols, and tertiary amines.

CRYSTALLIZING APPARATUS

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS BY PRECIPITATION

The invention relates to a device and a method for the production of compounds by precipitation of solids from solutions, the physical and chemical properties of the solid particles formed on precipitation being flexible and can be independently fixable. Custom products can thus be produced with very high space-time yields and a particulate nickel/cobalt mixed hydroxide of formula NixCo1-x(OH)2, with a BET surface area of 20 m2/g and a tap density of greater than 2.4 g/cm3.

A PROCESS AND AN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING EPISESAMIN-RICH COMPOSITIONS

To provide a process and an apparatus by means of which a composition that contains episesamin in a concentration greater than 50 wt% on the basis of the sum weight of sesamin and episesamin can be produced conveniently and at high yield. There are provided a process and an apparatus which comprise the step of applying epimerization to sesamin or a sesamin-containing composition so that at least part of the sesamin is converted to episesamin and the step of selectively crystallizing episesamin by recrystallization and by means of which a composition that contains episesamin in a concentration greater than 50 wt% can be produced conveniently and at high yield.

PROCESSING UNIT FOR A WASHING MEDIUM CONTAMINATED WITH SULPHUR OXIDES AND/OR NITROGEN OXIDES

The invention relates to a processing unit (1, 51) for a liquid washing medium contaminated with sulphur oxides and/or nitrogen oxides, comprising an evaporation stage (2, 2) for concentrating the active components of the washing medium by means of an evaporator (3) and/or by means of a heat exchanger (53), and comprising a collecting tank (7) connected to the evaporator (3) and/or to the heat exchanger (53). The invention is characterized in that the collecting tank (7) is configured as a crystallizer (9) for removing sulfur oxides from the washing medium by crystallization of a sulphate, in particular of potassium sulphate. The invention further relates to a separating device (61) for carbon dioxide having a corresponding processing unit (1, 51), and to a method for processing a washing medium contaminated with sulphur oxides and/or nitrogen oxides, wherein a corresponding processing unit (1, 51) is used.

METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A POLYHYDROXY-CARBOXYLIC ACID

Disclosed is a method to prepare a polylactic acid comprising the steps of performing a ring opening polymerization using a catalyst and either a catalyst killer compound or an endcapping additive to obtain a raw polylactic acid of MW greater than 10,000 g/mol, purifying the raw polylactic acid by removing and separating low boiling compounds comprising lactide and impurities from the raw polylactic acid by devolatization of the low boiling compounds as a gas phase stream, and purifying the lactide from the devolatization and removing the impurities from the gas phase stream of evaporated low boiling compounds by means of crystallization by desublimation from the gas phase, wherein the lactide is purified and the removed impurities include a catalyst residue and a compound containing at least one hydroxyl group such that the purified lactide is then polymerized by feeding it back into the ring opening polymerization. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF D-THREO-(R,R)-METHYLPHENIDATEAND RECYCLING OF UNDESIRED ENANTIOMERS BY EPIMERISATION

A process for obtaining a single enantiomer, d or l, of threo-methylphenidat e, comprises resolution of a mixture of the enantiomers; racemisation of the unwanted enantiomer, to give a mixture of all four stereoisomers; and separation of the erythro stereoisomers, to leave the said mixture of enantiomers for resolution.

CRYSTALLIZER WITH COOLING ELEMENT AND SWEEPING ELEMENT WITH SWEEPING PARTS, AND SWEEPING ELEMENT AND SWEEPING PART FOR SUCH A CRYSTALLIZER

A crystallizer comprising an elongate housing with a drivable shaft extending in the longitudinal direction of the housing, at least one cooling element being placed astride on the shaft, which cooling element to that end has a slotted recess, the cooling element being swept clean by a sweeping element rotating along with the shaft. The sweeping element comprises a shaft part which is mounted on the shaft so as to extend substantially radially and rotate along with the shaft and which carries a sweeping part rotatable about the axis of the shaft part, which sweeping part is provided with at least one sweeping arm but preferably carries four sweeping arms which extend radially relative to the shaft part and enclose equal angles,relative to each other, the sweeping element being mounted on the shaft such that, viewed in the direction of displacement thereof, the free end of a sweeping arm is disposed in leading position with respect to the shaft part in a push-scraping position pressed against ...

METHOD OF TREATING A LIQUID MATERIAL TO BE TREATED AND TREATMENT FACILITIES

The present invention relates to the techniques of treating a liquid material to be treated, which enables efficient fractional removal of toxic materials such as PCB in a liquid mixture. The treatment method of the invention comprises the step of permitting a liquid material containing materials having different solidifying points to be cooled at a temperature at which desired material(s) is solidified while others are not solidified and the step of separating the solidified material from other liquid materials whereby the desired material is separated, and therefore large facilities are not necessary and toxic materials can be reliably separated and removed.

METHOD OF TREATING A LIQUID MATERIAL TO BE TREATED AND TREATMENT FACILITIES

A technique for treating an untreated liquid substance which can separate and remove effectively noxious substances such as PCB in liquid mixture; specifically, a treating method comprising a step of cooling an untreated liquid substance containing a substance to be separated having a different solidifying point to a temperature at which the substance to be separated solidifies but the other components do not and a step of separating the substance to be separated by separating the solidified substance to be separated from the other liquid components, thereby requiring no large scale equipment and providing the positive separation and removal of noxious substances.

Apparat zum Abkühlen und Kristallisieren heisser Lösungen.

Verfahren zum Zerlegen von Lösungen oder flüssigen Gemischen durch Abkühlung und Kristallisation einzelner Bestandteile und Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens.

Procédé continu pour la cristallisation de corps solides par réfrigération de leurs solutions.

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer übersättigten Lösung zwecks Förderung des Wachstums von Salzkristallen und Apparat zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.

Verfahren und Einrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Konzentrieren von Lösungen durch Gefrieren eines Lösungsmittels und Trennung des flüssigen vom erstarrten Anteil

Apparat zum Auskristallisieren von gelösten Substanzen.

Pneumatische Mühle mit Warnanlage.

Apparat zum Auskristallisieren von gelösten Substanzen

Procédé et appareil pour la résolution de mélanges par cristallisation

Verfahren zur Reinigung von kristallisierbaren Materialien

Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur fraktionierten Kristallisation

Kristallisationskolonne

Kristallisationskolonne

Kristallisationskolonne

Doppelmanteliger, rohrförmiger Wärmeaustauscher

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Transport von Kristallen und Schmelze in einer Kristallisationskolonne

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung kristalliner Fruktose aus methanolischer Lösung

Procédé et dispositif pour l'évaporation sous vide d'un liquide

Kristallisationseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Einrichtung

Process for producing (meth)acrylic acid

A process for producing (meth)acrylic acid, comprising a crystallizing step of supplying a cooling medium from a refrigerator to a crystallizer and returning the cooling medium from the crystallizer to the refrigerator, thereby obtaining a (meth)acrylic acid crystal from a (meth)acrylic acid-containing solution; and a melting step of supplying a heating medium from a refrigerator to the crystallizer and returning the heating medium from the crystallizer to the refrigerator, thereby melting the (meth)acrylic acid crystal; wherein the crystallizing step and the melting step are respectively performed at least once, thereby producing purified (meth)acrylic acid from a crude (meth)acrylic acid solution; temperature of the cooling medium discharged from the refrigerator is maintained constant at temperature T 1 ; temperature of the cooling medium to be returned to the refrigerator is maintained constant at temperature T 2 ; the temperature T 2 is adjusted depending on a production amount of the purified (meth)acrylic acid per unit time.

Process and equipment for sugar crystallization by controlled cooling

A process is proposed for crystallizing, by progressively cooling, in multiple stages arranged in series in a crystallization vessel ( 10 ), a descending continuous flow of a saturated sucrose solution at a temperature from about 78° to about 120° C., each stage maintaining the sucrose solution being crystallized at a predetermined temperature, until reaching a temperature from about 25 to 40° C., obtaining substantially pure sucrose crystals. A suspension containing sugar seeds is introduced in the crystallizing equipment, in the first stage, jointly with the saturated sucrose solution of 1.05-1.15. In another embodiment of the invention, the saturated solution is fed and its temperature is controlled, already in the first stage of the vessel ( 10 ), to obtain a supersaturation between 1.05 and 1.15, inducing the formation of small crystals used as crystallization seeds.

Use of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy

The present invention relates to the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of focal seizures. In one embodiment the patients suffering from focal seizures are children and young adults. CBD appears particularly effective in reducing focal seizures in patients suffering with etiologies that include: Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome; Tuberous Sclerosis Complex; Dravet Syndrome; CDKL5; Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL); febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES); Aicardi syndrome and brain abnormalities in comparison to other seizure types. Significantly CBD additionally is very effective in the reduction of a sub-type of focal seizures, focal seizures with impairment.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR EXTRACTING LIQUID

A system for extracting liquid is provided. The system includes a vacuum source and a nozzle having a wettable plunger and a vacuum tube connected in flow communication with the vacuum source. When the plunger is partly submerged in the liquid and the vacuum source is actuated to initiate a flow of gas through the vacuum tube, droplets of the liquid separate from at least a portion of the unsubmerged part of the plunger and become suspended in the gas flow. The system also includes a cooling structure positioned adjacent to the vacuum tube to facilitate solidifying the droplets suspended in the gas flowing through the vacuum tube. 1. A system for extracting liquid , said system comprising:a vacuum source;a nozzle having a wettable plunger and a vacuum tube connected in flow communication with the vacuum source such that, when the plunger is partly submerged in the liquid and the vacuum source is actuated to initiate a flow of gas through the vacuum tube, droplets of the liquid separate from at least a portion of the unsubmerged part of the plunger and become suspended in the gas flow; anda cooling structure positioned adjacent to the vacuum tube to facilitate solidifying the droplets suspended in the gas flowing through the vacuum tube.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a holding reservoir across which the vacuum tube is connected in flow communication with the vacuum source such that the solidified droplets are collectable in the holding reservoir.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a carrier gas source and a carrier gas tube connected in flow communication with the carrier gas source claim 1 , wherein the carrier gas tube concentrically surrounds the vacuum tube.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the carrier gas tube and the vacuum tube each have a distal end surface configured to facilitate a smoother transition of carrier gas flow from the carrier gas tube into the vacuum tube.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plunger has an exterior ...

A Dynamic Melt Crystallization Process for Purifying Dicyclopentadiene from a Mixed Liquid Hydrocarbon Stream

A dynamic process for purifying dicyclopentadiene from a mixed liquid hydrocarbon stream comprising dicyclopentadiene and one or more of a Cparaffin, a Colefin, co-dimers, cyclopentadiene, benzene, vinyl norbornene, bicyclononadiene, propenyl norbornene, isopropenyl norbornene, methylbicyclononadiene, methyldicyclopentadiene, and various minor organic impurities is introduced, wherein the dicyclopentadiene is separated from the mixed liquid hydrocarbon stream by melt crystallizing sweating and collecting dicyclopentadiene. 1. A dynamic method for purifying dicyclopentadiene from a mixed liquid hydrocarbon stream , comprising:{'sub': 5', '5, 'delivering at least a portion of the mixed liquid hydrocarbon stream to an inlet port of a separation/purification unit, wherein the mixed liquid hydrocarbon stream comprises dicyclopentadiene and one or more of a Cparaffin, a Colefin, co-dimers, cyclopentadiene, benzene, vinyl norbornene, bicyclononadiene, propenyl norbornene, isopropenyl norbornene, methylbicyclononadiene, and methyldicyclopentadiene;'}dividing the mixed liquid hydrocarbon stream to form a plurality of mixed liquid hydrocarbon streams and flowing the plurality of mixed liquid hydrocarbon streams through a low temperature region of the separation/purification unit;continuously contacting the plurality of mixed liquid hydrocarbon streams with an inner wall of the separation/purification unit to form an impure crystalline slurry comprising an impure crystalline phase, and an excess liquid phase, wherein dicyclopentadiene crystals are present in the impure crystalline phase;depositing the impure crystalline phase on the inner wall of the separation/purification unit;recycling at least a portion of the excess liquid phase to the inlet port of the separation/purification unit;sweating the impure crystalline phase at least once to a sweating temperature to at least partially melt the impure crystalline phase to form a purified crystalline phase comprising the ...

SOLID BLEACH AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING SOLID BLEACH

Disclosed herein are processes for producing highly concentrated bleach slurries containing a mixture of crystals of solid sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate in a liquid phase saturated in sodium hypochlorite and containing sodium hydroxide or other alkaline stabilizers. Bleach slurries and compositions exhibiting enhanced stability are also disclosed. 1. A process for preparing bleach , the process comprising:Making a mixture comprising sodium hydroxide, water, and chlorine in a reactor;Forming strong bleach and NaCl, wherein at least some of the NaCl is a solid;Separating strong bleach from at least some of the solid NaCl and removing material comprising at least some of the solid NaCl from the reactor;Cooling the strong bleach in a cooler to afford cooled strong bleach;Introducing the cooled strong bleach into a bleach crystallizer, where at least some bleach crystals form;A stream comprising cooled strong bleach and bleach crystals leaves the bleach crystallizer and at least a portion of this stream enters a separator, where at least some of the bleach crystals are separated from the rest of the stream.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium hydroxide has a concentration of 50 wt % or higher.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the chlorine is a wet gas or a dry liquid.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is run at a temperature that is higher than the temperature in the bleach crystallizer.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is maintained at a temperature of less than 35° C. or less than about 25° C. or about 15° C. to 20° C.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the cooled strong bleach has a temperature of about 15° C. or more.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature inside the bleach crystallizer is about 0° C.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the cooler is a plate and frame cooler claim 1 , a shell and tube cooler claim 1 , or a vacuum evaporation cooler.9. A ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FERTILIZER FROM THE EXHAUST GASES OF A PRODUCTION SYSTEM

A device and a method produces fertilizer from the exhaust gases of a production system, for example a system for producing cement. The exhaust gases are completely converted such that the exhaust gases are not released into the environment. For this purpose, the exhaust gases are introduced directly into the device from the production system. Exhaust gases such as NOand/or SOare first oxidized in the device and then reprocessed into NHNOor (NH)SO. COis reprocessed into NHHCOin the device while nitrogen is converted into ammonia, and the ammonium, among others, is used to produce NHHCOfrom CO. 121-. (canceled)22: Apparatus for the production of fertilizers from exhaust gases of a production system , wherein{'b': 1', '4', '2', '3', '2', '4, 'sub': 2', '2', 'x', '2, 'the apparatus () has a first container (), which is connected with the production system () by way of a first line (), wherein an exhaust gas from the production system () can be introduced into the first container (), wherein the exhaust gas contains CO, Nas well as NOand/or SO;'}{'b': '4', 'sub': 2', '2', 'x', '2, 'in the first container (), N, and COcan be separated from NOand/or SO,'}{'b': 4', '6', '5', '6', '5, 'sub': 2', '2, 'the first container () is connected with a second container () by way of a second line (), wherein COand Ncan be transferred to the second container () by way of the second line (), and'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, 'b': 6', '15', '6', '12', '11', '12, 'a solution containing NHcan be introduced into the second container () by way of a third line (), wherein the temperature in the second container () can be adjusted in such a manner that NHand COreact in the solution to form ammonium hydrogen carbonate, wherein the solution containing ammonium hydrogen carbonate can be transferred to a crystallization apparatus () by way of a fourth line (), and wherein ammonium hydrogen carbonate can be crystallized out in this crystallization apparatus ().'}234: Apparatus according to claim 22 , ...

Reactor designs for use in ammonothermal growth of group-iii nitride crystals

Reactor designs for use in ammonothermal growth of group-III nitride crystals. Internal heating is used to enhance and/or engineer fluid motion, gas mixing, and the ability to create solubility gradients within a vessel used for the ammonothermal growth of group-III nitride crystals. Novel baffle designs are used for control and improvement of continuous fluid motion within a vessel used for the ammonothermal growth of group-III nitride crystals.

Method and Apparatus for Purifying a Mixture Comprising Oil and Wax

The present invention relates to a method for fractionating a crude mixture comprising at least one oil and at least one wax, which comprises the following method steps: (a) carrying out a pre-fractionation stage as a layer crystallization (i) with a crude mixture comprising at least one oil and at least one wax or (ii) with a crude solvent mixture obtained by adding prior to the pre-fractionation stage at most 100% by weight of solvent relative to the weight of the crude mixture, to prepare a first fraction containing low waxy oil and a second fraction containing low oily wax, (b) carrying out a first crystallization stage including (b) a first suspension crystallization sub-stage with the first fraction containing low waxy oil to prepare a third fraction containing dewaxed oil and a fourth fraction and (b) after the first suspension crystallization sub-stage, a second suspension crystallization sub-stage with a mixture of the fourth fraction obtained in method step (b) and the second fraction containing low oily wax obtained in the pre-fractionation stage of method step (a) to prepare a fifth fraction containing slack wax and a sixth fraction. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for fractionating a crude mixture comprising at least one oil and at least one wax , which comprises the following method steps:{'b': 2', '2, '(a) carrying out a pre-fractionation stage () as a layer crystallization (i) with a crude mixture comprising at least one oil and at least one wax or (ii) with a crude solvent mixture obtained by adding prior to the pre-fractionation stage () at most 100% by weight of solvent relative to the weight of the crude mixture, to prepare a first fraction containing low waxy oil and a second fraction containing low oily wax,'}{'b': '12', '(b) carrying out a first crystallization stage () including'}{'sub': '1', 'b': '14', '(b) a first suspension crystallization sub-stage () with the first fraction containing low waxy oil to prepare a third fraction containing ...

PROCESS FOR ENRICHING ENANTIOMERS FROM AN ENANTIOMER MIXTURE

The present invention relates to a process for enriching enantiomers from an enantiomer mixture by a fractionating melt crystallization in a melt crystallization apparatus. The invention specifically relates to a process for producing an enantiomer-enriched chiral terpene, in particular of D/L-Isopulegol. The process comprises: 1. A process for enriching an enantiomer from an enantiomer mixture by a fractionating melt crystallization in a melt crystallization apparatus , comprisingi) a crystallization step to obtain a crystallizate and a mother melt and removal of the mother melt from the crystallizate to afford a mother melt fraction,ii) sweating of the crystallizate obtained in step i) to afford a molten sweating fraction and a sweated crystallizate, andiii) subsequent melting of the sweated crystallizate to afford a molten crystallizate fraction,wherein the optical rotation at least of the sweating fraction is determined online using a polarimeter and the changeover from step ii) to step iii) is controlled online by means of at least one control unit.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in order to control the changeover from step ii) to step iii)(a) a target value for the optical rotation of the sweating fraction is specified;(b) a maximum permitted control difference of the actual value from the target value for the optical rotation of the sweating fraction is specified;(c) the actual value for the optical rotation of the sweating fraction is determined;(d) the control unit effects the changeover from step ii) to step iii) not earlier than upon reaching the target value and not later than upon reaching the maximum permitted control difference of the actual value from the target value.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the maximum permitted control difference of the actual value from the target value is not more than 0.3° for a length of the measuring cell of the polarimeter of 1 dm claim 2 , a temperature of 25° C. and an employed wavelength ...

Cannabidiol preparations and its uses

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid designated chemically as 2-[(1R,6R)-3-Methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol. Its empirical formula is C21H30O2 and its molecular weight is 314.46. CBD is a cannabinoid that naturally occurs in the Cannabis sativa L. plant. CBD is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid which is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. The present invention encompasses the surprising recognition that certain CBD preparations which are prepared from a botanical origin are more effective in treating diseases or disorders than preparations of CBD which are synthetic or purified to the extent no other impurities in the form of other cannabinoids are present. Prior CBD compositions have been prepared such that no psychoactive components, e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), remain in the final CBD preparation. Surprisingly, the absence of such minor impurities reduces the efficacy of CBD treatment. Such CBD preparations are characterized by chemical components and/or functional properties that distinguish them from prior CBD compositions. One or more components of the preparations described herein provide an unexpectedly synergistic effect when utilized in combination.

Carbon dioxide extraction processes, devices, methods, and systems

A CO 2 extraction process for cannabis sativa that uses liquid CO 2 in combination with co-solvent admixtures to purify cannabis botanicals in high yield and purity. The extraction process allows for multiple extractions, or washes, to be performed with the same solvent CO 2 , which may be seamlessly recycled and purified between subsequent extraction cycles. A variety of in-line filtration vessels, pumps, vacuums, and controllable valves are used to yield a pure product while allowing a high level of user control over the process.

Separation device for carbon dioxide, method for the operation thereof, and separating unit

A device and method for separating off carbon dioxide is provided, including an absorption unit, desorption unit assigned thereto and a separation unit for separating off salts from a scrubbing solution. The absorption and desorption units are connected to each other via a first conduit for a regenerated scrubbing solution and a second conduit for a loaded scrubbing solution. The separation unit includes a crystallizer for forming salt crystals and a first separator unit on the downstream side for separating off salt crystals. A separation unit is provided for separating off salts from a scrubbing solution, having a crystallizer and a first separator unit downstream thereof. The crystallizer has a crystallization chamber for forming salt crystals and a countercurrent classifier for separating salt crystals according to particle size. A first branch conduit is connected to the crystallization chamber, which opens out into the countercurrent classifier via a second separator unit.

METHOD FOR THE PURIFICATION OF ALUMINA

Digestion of impure alumina with sulfuric acid dissolves all constituents except silica. The resulting sulfates—aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate, titanyl sulfate, and magnesium sulfate for alumina contaminated with iron-, titanium-, and/or magnesium-containing species—remain in solution at approximately 90° C. Hot filtration separates silica. Solution flow over metallic iron reduces ferric sulfate to ferrous sulfate. Controlled ammonia addition promotes hydrolysis and precipitation of hydrated titania from titanyl sulfate that is removed by filtration. Addition of ammonium sulfate forms ferrous ammonium sulfate and ammonium aluminum sulfate solutions. Alum is preferentially separated by crystallization. Addition of ammonium bicarbonate to an ammonium alum solution precipitates ammonium aluminum carbonate which may be heated to produce alumina, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. The remaining iron rich liquor also contains magnesium sulfate. The addition of oxalic acid generates insoluble ferrous oxalate which is thermally decomposed to ferrous oxide and carbon monoxide which is used to reduce the ferrous oxide to metallic iron. Further oxalic acid addition precipitates magnesium oxalate which is thermally decomposed to magnesium oxide. 1. A process for purifying alumina contaminated with iron- , titanium- , and/or magnesium-containing compounds comprising:digesting the contaminated alumina in sulfuric acid to produce a first solution comprising aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate, titanyl sulfate, and/or magnesium sulfate;passing the first solution over metallic iron to reduce any ferric sulfate to ferrous sulfate and produce a second solution;adding ammonia to the second solution to precipitate hydrated titania from any titanyl sulfate;filtering the second solution to remove any hydrated titania and produce a third solution;adding ammonium sulfate to the third solution to form a fourth solution comprising ferrous ammonium sulfate and ammonium aluminum sulfate;crystalizing ...

TREATMENT OF WATER

A water treatment process () includes, in a crystallisation stage (), passing a saline water feed () through an elongate conduit kept in a cold environment at a temperature below the equilibrium freezing temperature of the saline water, forming a slurry of brine and ice crystals inside the conduit, and, in a separation stage (), separating the ice crystals from a bulk of the brine, producing a brine stream () and an ice stream (). The elongate conduit is of a material, or has an inner material layer in contact with the saline water and with the slurry of brine and ice crystals, with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W/m·K and has a length configured to ensure formation of the slurry of brine and ice crystals in the conduit at the flow rate of the saline water feed through the elongate conduit. 1. A water treatment process that comprisesin a crystallisation stage, passing a saline water feed through an elongate conduit kept in a cold environment at a temperature below the equilibrium freezing temperature of the saline water, forming a slurry of brine and ice crystals inside the conduit; andin a separation stage, separating the ice crystals from a bulk of the brine, producing a brine stream and an ice stream,the elongate conduit being of a material, or having an inner material layer in contact with the saline water and with the slurry of brine and ice crystals, with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W/m·K and having a length configured to ensure formation of the slurry of brine and ice crystals in the conduit at the flow rate of the saline water feed through the elongate conduit.2. The water treatment process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductivity of the material or material layer is less than 3 W/m·K or less than 2 W/m·K or less than 1 W/m·K or less than 0.5 W/m·K.3. The water treatment process according to claim 1 , wherein an inlet velocity of the saline water feed in the elongate conduit is between 0.1 m/s and 4.0 m/s claim 1 , or between ...

HEAT STORAGE APPARATUS, METHOD FOR STORING HEAT, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HEAT STORAGE APPARATUS

A heat storage apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a heat storage material and a member. The heat storage material forms a clathrate hydrate by cooling. The member has a surface with a plurality of holes. In the case that the lattice constant of the clathrate hydrate is denoted by L and the outside diameter of a cage included in the clathrate hydrate is denoted by D, the plurality of holes are spaced at intervals of 1L to 10L, and each of the plurality of holes has a hole diameter of 1D to 20D. 1. A method for storing heat in a heat storage material , the method comprising:bringing the heat storage material into contact with a member having a plurality of holes, the heat storage material forming a clathrate hydrate by cooling; andcooling the heat storage material and the member to form at least part of a cage of the clathrate hydrate in the plurality of holes and to grow the cage into the clathrate hydrate,wherein in the case that the lattice constant of the clathrate hydrate is denoted by L and the outside diameter of a cage included in the clathrate hydrate is denoted by D, the plurality of holes are spaced at intervals of 1L to 10L, and each of the plurality of holes has a hole diameter of 1D to 20D.2. A method for producing a heat storage apparatus , comprising:arranging a metal material composed of a metal, a metal oxide, or an alloy at a position where the metal material comes into contact with a heat storage material that forms a clathrate hydrate by cooling;bringing a solution that causes pitting corrosion into contact with a surface of the metal material with which the heat storage material comes into contact, to form a plurality of holes in the surface; andstopping the pitting corrosion.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein in the stopping of the pitting corrosion claim 2 , the pitting corrosion is stopped by stopping the supply of oxygen to the solution.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the solution is a heat storage ...

A Modular Sub-Unit for a Suspension Crystallization System and a Suspension Crystallization Process Using Said Modular Sub-Unit

A modular sub-unit for the production of crystals in a suspension crystallization system is disclosed comprising: a first crystallization segment , at least one further crystallization segment , a first mixing segment , optional further mixing segments , an inlet cap , an outlet cap , wherein the inlet cap and outlet cap are in fluid communication with any crystallization segments () and any mixing segments () present within the sub-unit ; and a central rotating axis for providing mechanical energy to the crystallization segments () and preferably the mixing segments (). The crystallization segments present in the sub-unit are separated from each other by means of a mixing segment. The present invention also relates to a suspension crystallization system comprising said sub-unit and a suspension crystallization process making use of said sub-unit 115-. (canceled)16. A modular sub-unit for the production of crystals in a suspension crystallization system , said sub-unit comprising: a first inlet,', 'a cooling means for cooling a slurry at a cooled surface to promote crystal formation and growth,', 'a crystal-growing volume sufficient for the growth of said crystals,', 'a mechanical scraping means for scraping the cooled surface and/or mixing a layer adjacent to the cooled surface together with a bulk of the slurry,', 'a first outlet,, 'a first crystallization segment having a second inlet,', 'a mechanical mixing means for mixing the slurry from the crystallization segment and/or reducing the size of any crystal agglomerations, if present,', 'a second outlet,, 'a first mixing segment havingwherein the crystallization segment and the mixing segment are in fluid communication with each other by means of the first outlet of the crystallization segment and the second inlet of the mixing segment,an inlet cap comprising a main supply conduit for the sub-unit and having a third outlet,an outlet cap comprising a main discharge conduit for the sub-unit and having a third inlet ...

SOLUTION MINING AND A CRYSTALLIZER FOR USE THEREIN

In solution mining, holes are drilled parallel to the ground in the ore body to form a series of zigzag channels. These holes are connected to respective holes from the surface to provide a feed and delivery path and a solvent is circulated through the system so as to dissolve the ore and carry the ore to the surface. The flow of the solvent through the holes forms circular caverns at the intersection of the horizontal hole as well as meanders by eroding the holes so as to gradually extract the ore on each side of the hole. At the surface the ore is extracted in a series of crystallizers each formed by a vessel with an exterior cooling system and an internal wiping system providing shear inside the vessel. The solvent is topped up, reheated and returned to the paths to continue the process. 1. A method of solution mining comprising:identifying an ore body or bodies at a position below ground;drilling at least one hole from the surface downwardly to an ore body; drilling a hole in a direction generally parallel to the ground to interconnected portions of the ore body to form a series of channels extending through the body;the holes from the surface being connected to two ends of the interconnected portions to provide a feed path to and a delivery path from the series of channels; andcirculating a solvent through the feed path, the series of channels and the delivery path so as to dissolve the ore and carry the ore to the surface through the delivery channel.2. The method according to wherein the holes are drilled vertically to the ore body claim 1 , then horizontally through the high grade ore zone near the bottom of a selected mine zone in the ore body.3. The method according to wherein the holes in the ore body and the flow therethrough are arranged such that caverns develop at the intersection of the holes as the flow is concentrated around the periphery of the cavern.4. The method according to wherein the solvent is arranged such that the material exiting through ...

RECIPROCATING FREEZE CONCENTRATION FOR URINE-BASED FERTILIZER PRODUCTION

A system for generating a concentrated product from a feedstock includes a reciprocating concentration system that includes first and second chambers to which the feedstock is alternately provided and from which the concentrated product is alternately removed, and a heat transfer system in thermal communication with the first and second chambers, the heat transfer system being configured to reversibly transfer heat between the first and second chambers such that the first chamber alternates between melting a frozen portion of the feedstock in the second chamber and having a frozen portion of the feedstock in the first chamber melted by the feedstock in the second chamber. The system further includes a heat dump system in thermal communication with the reciprocating concentration system, the heat dump system being configured to remove heat from the reciprocating concentration system. 1. A system for generating a concentrated product from a feedstock , the system comprising: first and second chambers to which the feedstock is alternately provided and from which the concentrated product is alternately removed; and', 'a heat transfer system in thermal communication with the first and second chambers, the heat transfer system being configured to reversibly transfer heat between the first and second chambers such that the first chamber alternates between melting a frozen portion of the feedstock in the second chamber and having a frozen portion of the feedstock in the first chamber melted by the feedstock in the second chamber; and, 'a reciprocating concentration system comprisinga heat dump system in thermal communication with the reciprocating concentration system, the heat dump system being configured to remove heat from the reciprocating concentration system.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the heat dump system is in thermal communication with one of the first and second chambers or in alternating thermal communication with both of the first and second chambers.3. ...

PRODUCTION METHOD FOR CONCENTRATED PRODUCT USING FREEZE-CONCENTRATION METHOD

Provided is a production method for a concentrated product, using a freeze-concentration method having a high yield rate (low loss rate) that is practically applicable, as required in large-scale (commercial scale) production. The production method for concentrated product using the freeze-concentration method includes: an ice crystal generation step in which a fluid to be treated is cooled, ice crystals of the fluid are generated in the fluid, and a mixed fluid to be treated is formed wherein the mixed fluid to be treated is comprised of the ice crystals and a concentrated fluid produced from the fluid to be treated by generating the ice crystals in the fluid thereby the fluid is concentrated; and an ice crystal separation step in which the mixed fluid is separated into the concentrated fluid to be treated and the ice crystals, and the separated concentrated fluid be treated is retrieved. 1. A method for producing concentrated products using a freeze-concentration method , which comprises:an ice crystal generation step in which a fluid to be treated is cooled, ice crystals of said fluid are generated in said fluid, and a mixed fluid to be treated is formed wherein said mixed fluid to be treated is comprised of said ice crystals and a concentrated fluid produced from said fluid to be treated by generating said ice crystals in said fluid thereby said fluid is concentrated; andan ice crystal separation step in which said mixed fluid is separated into said concentrated fluid to be treated and said ice crystals, and said separated concentrated fluid be treated is retrieved.2. The method for producing concentrated products using a freeze-concentration method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said step of forming said mixed fluid composed of said ice crystals and said concentrated fluid produced from said fluid to be treated by concentrating said fluid claim 1 , and said step of separating said mixed fluid into said concentrated fluid to be treated and said ice crystals and ...

CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION METHOD UNDER CONTROL OF MULTISTAGE MEMBRANE

The present invention provides a continuous crystallization method under control of the multistage membrane modules, and belongs to the technical field of crystallization engineering. A crystallization solution is added to a crystallizer, and a stirring apparatus and a temperature control apparatus are started. After the system running stability, the loop of crystallization is started. Meanwhile, the coolant or antisolvent feed liquid loop is also started. The crystallization solution can respectively conduct crystal nucleation, growth and ripening in the multistage membrane modules, and then the crystallization solution is transported into a filter device and a drying apparatus to obtain the final crystal products. The desired crystal products can be obtained by the systematical control of the nucleation and crystal growth through the flow and the temperature of the crystallization solution, coolant or antisolvent feed liquid, and the contact time between two liquid phases. 1. A continuous crystallization method under control of multistage membrane , wherein a continuous crystallization apparatus is composed by two loops;a first loop: a first stirring apparatus is installed in a crystallizer with a jacket; the jacket is connected with a first temperature control apparatus through a pipeline; an outlet of the crystallizer is connected with a lower port of a first membrane module in a membrane module combination successively through a first peristaltic pump, a first rotameter, a first valve, a first thermometer and a first pressure gauge; one path of an upper port of a last membrane module in the membrane module combination is connected with an inlet of the crystallizer through a seventh valve; another path of the upper port of the last membrane module in the membrane module combination is connected with a filter device through a third valve; an upper port of the filter device is connected with an inlet of the crystallizer, and a lower port of the filter device is ...

DISCONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION UNIT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BALL-SHAPED CRYSTALS

The invention introduces a discontinuous crystallization unit for the production of ball-shaped crystals comprising a crystallizer () that consists of a metallic cylindrical vessel with its inner surface of a hard material, with an oval or circular cross-section with a conical or vaulted bottom (), fitted along its length with a duplicator () for cooling of the solution and/or suspension of the solution and crystals and a high-speed agitator () of a hard material with a drive () enabling speed control and thus the rate of the impact of the mechanical action of the agitator on roundness of crystals inside the vessel together with the inner surface of the vessel containing at least 2 baffles () of a hard material while the vessel is fitted with at least orifice () at the top that at least independent branch of the circulation circuit () is connected to from the outside for the inlet of a heated solution and/or heated suspension of the solution and crystals by means of at least 1 circulation pump () and through at least heat exchanger () and together with the duplicator () ensuring controlled periodic changes of temperatures of the crystal suspension around the cooling curve while an interconnection () pipeline is connected to the bottom () of the crystallizer () vessel that is connected to at least one branch of the circulation circuit (). 1112489510112341312111. A discontinuous crystallization unit for the production of ball-shaped crystals , characterized in that it comprises a crystallizer () that consists of a metallic cylindrical vessel with its inner surface of a hard material , with an oval or circular cross-section with a conical or vaulted bottom () , fitted along its length with a duplicator () for cooling of the solution and/or suspension of the solution and crystals and a high-speed agitator () of a hard material with a drive () enabling speed control and thus the rate of the impact of the mechanical action of the agitator on roundness of crystals inside ...

Method and Apparatus for Purifying a Mixture Comprising Oil and Wax

The present invention relates to a method for fractionating a crude mixture comprising at least one oil and at least one wax, which comprises the following steps: (a) mixing the crude mixture with a solvent to obtain a crude solvent-mixture, (b) carrying out at least one crystallization stage with the solvent-mixture obtained in step (a) to prepare a first fraction containing dewaxed oil and a second fraction containing slack wax, (c) carrying out at least one crystallization stage with the second fraction obtained in step (b) in a layer crystallizer, wherein to the second fraction prior to the crystallization in step (c) no solvent or at most 100% by weight of solvent relative to the weight of the second fraction are added, to prepare a third fraction containing hard wax having an oil content of at most 1.5% by weight and a fourth fraction containing soft wax having an oil content of more than 1.5% by weight and (d) circulating at least a part of the fourth fraction into at least one of the at least one crystallization stage of step (b). 114-. (canceled)15. A method for fractionating a crude mixture comprising at least one oil and at least one wax , which comprises the following steps:(a) mixing the crude mixture with a solvent to obtain a crude solvent-mixture,(b) carrying out at least one crystallization stage with the solvent-mixture obtained in step (a) to prepare a first fraction containing dewaxed oil and a second fraction containing slack wax,(c) carrying out at least one crystallization stage with the second fraction obtained in step (b) in a layer crystallizer, wherein to the second fraction prior to the crystallization in step (c) no solvent or at most 100% by weight of solvent relative to the weight of the second fraction are added, to prepare a third fraction containing hard wax having an oil content of at most 1.5% by weight and a fourth fraction containing soft wax having an oil content of more than 1.5% by weight and(d) circulating at least a part of ...

COOLING CRYSTALLIZER AND SUGAR CRYSTALLIZATION METHOD

The invention relates to a cooling crystallizer () for saccharose magma in a vertically oriented container () which has an upper inlet () for supplying magma and a lower outlet () for discharging magma, comprising multiple cooling blocks () which are mutually spaced in a vertical direction. A heat carrier fluid flows through the cooling blocks (), and the cooling blocks are coupled to a heat exchanger in order to dissipate heat from the magma, wherein multiple cooling blocks () are combined to form a cooling packet (), and the cooling packets () are designed as separate cooling circuits with separate heat exchangers (). 1. A cooling crystallizer for sucrose magma in a vertically oriented container , which has an inlet at a top of the vertically oriented container for feeding in the sucrose magma and an outlet at a bottom of the vertically oriented container for discharging the sucrose magma , comprising:a plurality of cooling blocks which are vertically spaced apart from one another, wherein each of the cooling blocks of the plurality of cooling blocks is configured for a heat transfer fluid to flow therethrough,a plurality of heat exchangers, wherein at least some of the plurality of heat exchangers are coupled to at least some of the plurality of cooling blocks in order to dissipate heat from the sucrose magma,wherein a plurality of cooling packs are formed from cooling blocks of the plurality of cooling blocks being combined together, wherein each of the cooling packs of the plurality of cooling packs are configured as separate cooling circuits with separate heat exchangers of the plurality of heat exchangers.2. The cooling crystallizer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cooling packs are configured be vertically separate.3. The cooling crystallizer as claimed in wherein the plurality of cooling packs are arranged in the vertically oriented container and are configured such that a temperature difference between the sucrose magma and a respective ...

PLANT AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING AN ISOMERIC MONOMER

A plant for preparing a purified isomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate monomer from a mixture of different isomeric monomers is disclosed herein. The plant can comprise a distillation apparatus, which comprises: a) a distillation column including a structured packing, b) a source for a mixture of different isomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate monomers, c) an evaporator, d) an overhead vapor condenser, e) optionally, an overhead vacuum system and f) a flow-controlled reflux system. The overhead vapor condenser comprises a shell and tube arrangement and is embodied so as to directly subcool the condensate to less than 47° C. The flow-controlled reflux system comprises a heater, which is embodied so as to reheat a partial stream of the condensate formed in the overhead vapor condenser up to 190° C. 1. A plant for preparing a purified isomeric monomer from a mixture of different isomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate monomers , wherein the plant comprises a distillation apparatus , which comprises:a) a distillation column including a structured packing,b) a source for a mixture of different isomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate monomers,c) an evaporator,d) an overhead vapor condenser,e) an overhead vacuum system andf) a flow-controlled reflux system,wherein the overhead vapor condenser comprises a shell and tube arrangement configured to directly subcool condensate to less than 47° C., andwherein the flow-controlled reflux system comprises a heater configured to reheat a partial stream of the condensate formed in the overhead vapor condenser up to 190° C.2. The plant in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plant does not comprise any further distillation column.3. The plant in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plant further comprises claim 1 , downstream of the distillation apparatus claim 1 , a falling-film crystallization apparatus or a suspension crystallization apparatus.4. The plant in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the source for the mixture of ...

Continuous-Flow, Well Mixed, Microfluidic Crystallization Device for Screening Polymorphs, Morphologies and Crystallization Kinetics at Controlled Supersaturation

The disclosure relates to a microfluidic system for the screening of polymorphs, morphology, and crystallization kinetics under well-mixed, continuous-flow at controlled supersaturations. The disclosure also relates to a method for screening crystalline polymorphs and morphology, and crystallization kinetics. The microfluidic system includes a microfluidic chamber having one or more inlets, a passive mixing zone, and a trap zone. The passive mixing zone promotes mixing of solvent, solute, and optionally antisolvent under stable, controlled levels of supersaturation. The trap zone similarly has stable, controlled levels of supersaturation and correspondingly low velocity to retain solute crystals formed in the trap zone for time-dependent evaluation. 1. A microfluidic system comprising: (i) a first inlet zone in fluid communication with a first inlet adapted to receive a first fluid stream comprising a solute dissolved in a solvent,', '(ii) optionally a second inlet zone in fluid communication with a second inlet adapted to receive a second fluid stream,', '(iii) a passive mixing zone having (A) a first mixing zone boundary and (B) a second mixing zone boundary separate from the first mixing zone boundary, the passive mixing zone being in fluid communication with the first inlet zone via the first mixing zone boundary and, when present, the second inlet zone via the first mixing zone boundary,', '(iv) a trap zone having a trap zone boundary in fluid communication with the second mixing zone boundary, wherein the trap zone is positioned within the microfluidic chamber such that fluid flowing through the microfluidic chamber has a sufficiently low velocity to retain solute crystals formed in the trap zone within the trap zone,', '(v) an outlet zone in fluid communication (A) with the passive mixing zone via the first mixing zone boundary, and (B) an outlet adapted to discharge fluid from the microfluidic chamber, and', '(vi) optionally a first temperature control means ...

USE OF PROPOLIS OBTAINED BY SPECIAL EXTRACTION METHOD IN SPREADABLE MIXTURES

Disclosed is a spreadable propolis products which can be used in many sectors such as food, health and cosmetics that offer them for human consumption in their most suitable and in the highest form of bioavailability, in a fast and easy consumable state by properly extracting propolis which cause development of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerogen and anesthesic effects as well as many beneficial biological activities. Production methods thereof are also disclosed. 1. A Method of obtaining spreadable propolis product comprising the process steps of (a) disintegrating raw propolis by passing it through a grinder; (b) mixing the disintegrated propolis with a solvent selected from a group consisting of ethyl alcohol , propylene glycol , ultra pure water , carob extract and fruit juice; (c) mixing the obtained solution by adding lemon juice or apple cider vinegar as an acid regulator; (d) shaking the degassed solution; (e) degassing the shaken solution in an ultrasonic bath; (f) centrifuging the degassed solution; (g) removal of volatile substances by drying the centrifuged mixture in a rotary evaporator until the extent of dryness; (h) carrying out analysis , and having high antioxidant capacity , further comprising the process steps of:(j) addition of at least one fruit juice, honey, spices and/or royal jelly to the mixture in which solvents have been removed by drying and mixing the same;(k) addition of perga, pollen, spices and/or snacks to the mixture;(l) mixing the mixture in a homogenizer;(m) degassing it in an ultrasonic bath;(n) formation of crystals by keeping the degassed mixture in the freezer.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in process step (b) claim 1 , each 10-50 g of disintegrated propolis is mixed with 250-750 grams of solvent selected from a group consisting of ethyl alcohol claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , ultra pure water claim 1 , carob extract and fruit juice.3. The method according ...

Demilitarization and disposal of hc smoke ordinance

Demilitarization and disposal of HC smoke ordnance with recovery of constituents thereof as commodities entails mechanically removing from the ordnance a filler comprising hexachloroethane, zinc oxide and grained aluminum; heating the filler to a temperature above the sublimation temperature of hexachloroethane but safely below the temperature at which hexachloroethane chemically decomposes, and draining and collecting the dense hexachloroethane vapor; and conventionally separating the aluminum from the zinc oxide. Filler is supplied to and removed from a heating compartment from above; hexachloroethane drains via a lower portion of the heating compartment.

Pressure driven flow crystallizer

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for pressure driven flow crystallization. In some embodiments, the system comprises a comprising a cavity and a mixing mechanism. In some embodiments, one or more inlets facilitate the transfer of one or more reagent streams to the cavity. In some such embodiments, the mixing mechanism mixes the first and second reagent streams such that a continuous crystallization and/or generation of a product (e.g., solid particles) in the fluid.

CHROMATOGRAPHY OF POLYMERS WITH REDUCED CO-CRYSTALLIZATION

A temperature gradient chromatography, and apparatus for the same, said method comprising the following: a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form a polymer solution; b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50; c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2° C./min; d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer; e) generating the chromatogram. 1. A method to reduce the co-crystallization Index (CI) in a chromatogram generated by a temperature gradient chromatography , said method comprising the following:a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form a polymer solution;b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50;c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2° C./min;d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer;e) generating the chromatogram.2. A method to analyze a polymer solution using a temperature gradient chromato-graphy , said method comprising the following:a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form the polymer solution;b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50;c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2° C./min;d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer;e) generating a chromatogram.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature gradient chromatography is selected from the following: i) a crystallization elution fractionation (CEF) chromatography claim 1 , or ii) a temperature rising elution fractionation ( ...

Semi-Continuous Crystallization Method and Apparatus

A process for the separation of a substance from a liquid feed mixture and for the purification of the substance by fractional layer crystallization, wherein the liquid feed mixture comprises the substance to be separated and purified in a concentration of less than 50% by weight, which comprises the subsequent steps in the given order: (a) feeding the liquid feed mixture into a crystallization zone, in which at least one surface is provided, so that at least a part of the surface contacts the liquid feed mixture, (b) cooling the at least one surface of the crystallization zone to a temperature below the equilibrium freezing temperature of the liquid feed mixture so that a crystal layer enriched in the substance to be separated and purified is deposited on the at least one cooled surface, whereby a mother liquid having a lower concentration of the substance to be separated and purified than the liquid feed mixture is formed from the liquid feed mixture, (c) removing at least a portion of the mother liquid from the crystallization zone, (d) adding a further portion of liquid feed mixture into the crystallization zone, (e) allowing further deposition of a crystal layer enriched in the substance to be separated and purified to take place on the at least one cooled surface, (f) optionally carrying out a sweating stage and removing a sweating residue and (g) melting the crystal layer to obtain the separated and purified substance.

METHOD FOR PREPARING D-PSICOSE CRYSTAL

A method for producing high purity D-psicose crystals having a purity of 98% (w/w) or more and a grain size of MA200 or more. The method includes: removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution; concentrating the purified D-psicose solution; cooling the concentrated D-psicose solution to 30° C. to 40° C. through a heat exchanger; seed crystallizing the D-psicose solution at 30° C. to 40° C. to obtain a seed crystallized massecuite; and full-scale crystallizing the seed crystallized massecuite. The method can produce pure D-psicose crystals in a suitable form for industrial application through an economical crystallization process from the D-psicose solution without using organic solvents. 1. A method for producing D-psicose crystals , comprising:removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution;concentrating the purified D-psicose solution within a supersaturated concentration range;cooling the concentrated D-psicose solution to 30° C. to 40° C. through a heat exchanger;adding D-psicose seed to the D-psicose solution at 30° C. to 40° C. and seed crystallizing the D-psicose solution to obtain seed crystallized massecuite; andfull-scale crystallizing the seed crystallized massecuite to provide D-psicose crystals having a purity of 98% (w/w) or higher and a grain size of MA200 or greater.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution comprises:decoloring the D-psicose solution by passing through a column packed with a decoloring agent;desalting the decolored D-psicose solution via ion exchange resin chromatography; andpassing the desalted D-psicose solution through a continuous chromatography column packed with an ion exchange resin to which calcium activating groups are attached to obtain a purified D-psicose solution.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the ion exchange resin used in the ion ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERING TITANIUM (HALO) ALKOXIDE FROM A WASTE LIQUID

A method for separating one or more titanium (halo) alkoxides from a liquid mixture comprising titanium tetrachloride TiCland at least one titanium (halo) alkoxide, said method comprising: agitating and cooling the liquid mixture until crystallization of at least one titanium (halo) alkoxide occurs in the liquid mixture; separating the crystallized titanium (halo) alkoxide from the mixture; and optionally, washing the separated, crystallized titanium (halo) alkoxide with a solvent. 1. A method for separating titanium (halo) alkoxide from a liquid mixture comprising titanium tetrachloride TiCl4 and at least one titanium (halo) alkoxide , said method comprising: cooling the liquid mixture until crystallization of at least one titanium (halo) alkoxide occurs in the liquid mixture; separating the crystallized titanium (halo) alkoxide from its mother liquor by a separation equipment selected from the group of decanter , filter presses , vacuum filters , pressure filters and centrifuges; and optionally , distilling said mother liquor to separate titanium tetrachloride therefrom , wherein the titanium (halo) alkoxide is of the formula TiXx(OR)y where X is halogen , R is alkyl , x=0-3 , y=1-4 and x+y=4.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crystallized titanium (halo) alkoxide is separated from its mother liquor by centrifugation.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a decanter centrifuge is used for separating the crystallized titanium (halo) alkoxide from its mother liquor.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid mixture is a waste liquid resulting from production of a titanium-based olefin polymerization catalyst.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid mixture is a waste liquid resulting from production of a titanium-based olefin polymerization catalyst claim 1 , by contacting a magnesium alkoxide or a magnesium chloride-alcohol adduct with titanium tetrachloride in the presence of a hydrocarbon reaction diluent.6. The ...

Method for the production of cannabinoids from types of industrial hemp

The present invention describes a process for the production of (−)-cannabidiol (CBD) from industrial hemp by means of an extraction followed by two alternative working processes: a process A which provides extraction with solvents first to an alkaline pH and then to acidic pH to isolate the carboxyl form of the CBD which is then subjected to decarboxylation and a process B which provides the elimination of waxes and pitches and then purification by chromatography. At the end of both alternative working processes the CBD is crystallized obtained in high purity crystalline form.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF NATURAL L-MENTHOL

Embodiments are provided that provide for efficient production of highly pure natural I-menthol. In some embodiments, a method for preparing natural I-menthol involves providing crude mentha oil in a crystallizer and gradually reducing the temperature of the crystallizer in a step-wise manner, thereby producing highly pure crystals in less than two weeks. The methods disclosed herein are suitable for pharmaceutical GMP. 1. A system for purifying I-menthol , comprising:a crystallizer containing crude mentha oil of plant origin;a stripping system adapted to pass a gas through the crystallizer; initiate reduction of a temperature in the crystallizer in order to reduce the temperature of the crude mentha oil from a temperature at which the crude mentha oil is a liquid to a temperature below 30° C. in a gradual manner over a period of at least 8 hours to cause I-menthol crystals to form in the crystallizer;', 'activate the stripping system in order to pass the gas over the crystals in the crystallizer to remove liquid from the crystals; and', 'initiate heating of the crystallizer in order to melt the crystals; and, 'an automated process control system comprising a processor programmed toa conduit configured to receive melted I-menthol from the crystallizer, wherein the crystallizer and the conduit together comprise a closed system that prevents contact between the content of the closed system and outside contaminants.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the crystallizer comprises a plurality of cooling plates and/or cooling coils.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the automated process control system independently controls the temperature for each of said plurality of cooling plates and/or cooling coils.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is automated.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a crystal formation detector.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conduit is in fluid communication with a storage tank claim 1 , wherein the storage tank is part of ...

Wash column apparatus with a static grid element for the use in a suspension crystallization process

A wash column apparatus for the use in a suspension crystallization process for separating crystals from a crystal suspension mixture includes a cylindrical vessel including a piston with a piston head including a filter and a piston rod, movable in the cylindrical vessel, an inlet for supplying a crystal suspension mixture into the cylindrical vessel, an outlet for discharging mother liquor from the cylindrical vessel, an outlet for discharging crystals or crystal melt from the cylindrical vessel, a circulation conduit for circulating melt arranged outside the vessel, in communication with the wash chamber, a static grid element arranged in the wash chamber for restricting movement of the crystal bed and for directing the wash liquid entering into the cylindrical vessel from the circulation conduit so as to homogeneously distribute it over the entire cross-section of the wash column.

Method for improving nucleation of crystals from solution

The present invention is related to a method for nucleating crystals from a solution comprising the steps of: injecting in a first capillary () tube an under saturated solution comprising a solvent and a soluble compound to be crystallised; changing the local conditions of the solution downstream of the capillary tube () to supersaturated conditions above the metastable conditions, the transition time of the fluid flowing in the capillary tube between the under saturated conditions and the supersaturated conditions above the metastable conditions being less than 1000 ms, preferably below 100 ms, even more preferably less than 10 ms. 1. A method for nucleating crystals from a solution comprising the steps of:injecting in a first capillary tube an undersaturated solution comprising a solvent and a soluble compound to be crystallised; andchanging the local conditions of the solution downstream of the first capillary tube to supersaturated conditions above the metastable conditions, wherein a transition time of a fluid flowing in the first capillary tube between the undersaturated conditions and the supersaturated conditions above the metastable conditions is less than 1000 ms.2. The method according to wherein a supersaturation difference between the undersaturated solution and the supersaturated solution is at least 1 claim 1 , supersaturation being defined as the relative difference between a local concentration of the compound to be crystallised and the solubility of a compound to be crystallised.3. The method according to wherein a transition to supersaturated conditions is obtained by at least one of the steps of:cooling down a capillary wall to a temperature below a metastable temperature,injecting an antisolvent into the injected undersaturated solution, andinjecting a cooled solvent into the injected undersaturated solution,the one or more of the cooled solvent or antisolvent being injected by a second capillary tube having essentially the same dimension as the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF FERMENTABLE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

A method for concentrating and crystallizing fermentable carboxylic acids, salts, and mixtures thereof may involve the use of carboxylic acids that have a defined temperature dependence of the solubility and of the osmotic pressure. The carboxylic acids may be concentrated by a membrane method and subsequently crystallized out by a cooling crystallization and isolated. In some examples, the membrane method may involve nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation for separation into a concentrate and a permeate. Similarly, an apparatus for implementing such methods may include a nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation unit for concentrating the carboxylic acid, and at least one cooling crystallization unit for crystallizing the carboxylic acid.” 121.-. (canceled)22. A method for concentrating and crystalizing fermentable carboxylic acids , salts , and mixtures thereof , the method comprising: wherein the carboxylic acid has a molar mass in a range from 90 to 210 g/mol,', 'wherein the carboxylic acid has a solubility in water at 20° C. of 4 g/1 to 100 g/l,', 'wherein the carboxylic acid has a relative increase in solubility in a temperature range from 20 to 80° C. of at least 2%/° C. relative to the solubility at 20° C., and', 'wherein a concentrated solution of the carboxylic acid has an osmotic pressure in a temperature range from 20 to 80° C. of less than 80 bar;, 'providing a processed fermentation broth or an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid,'}concentrating the carboxylic acid in the processed fermentation broth or the aqueous solution by way of a membrane method;subjecting the concentrated processed fermentation broth or the aqueous solution of the carboxylic acid to a cooling crystallization; andisolating crystals of the carboxylic acid.23. The method of comprising concentrating the carboxylic acid in the processed fermentation broth or the aqueous solution by a factor of 1 to 5 up to immediately before attainment of ...

Equipment Assembly for and Method of Processing Particles

An equipment assembly for preparing, harvesting and collecting particles is disclosed. The assembly comprises a tandem filter system with one or more high pressure filters, one or more low pressure filters and one or more collection vessel. Particles can be prepared, harvested and collected continuously, semi-continuously or in a batch-type operation. A tandem filter system and its method of use are also disclosed. Particles made with the assembly and according the instant methods are also disclosed. The assembly provides improved particle harvesting and collection over other systems and permits continuous particle formation, in particular by dispersion of a solute-containing process fluid within a supercritical anti-solvent. 138.-. (canceled)39) A particle formation and collection equipment assembly comprising:at least one high pressure particle formation system that forms a supercritical fluid particle-containing suspension;downstream of and conductively engaged with the at least one high pressure particle formation system, at least one first valve; downstream of and conductively engaged with the at least one first valve, at least one second valve;', 'downstream of and conductively engaged with the at least one second valve, at least one high pressure harvesting filter system;', 'downstream of and conductively engaged with the at least one second valve, at least one collection vessel system; and', 'downstream of and conductively engaged with the at least one collection vessel system, at least one low pressure collection filter system., 'downstream of and conductively engaged with the at least one first valve, at least two particle collection systems in parallel, wherein each of the at least two particle collection systems comprises40) The particle formation and collection equipment assembly of claim 39 , wherein the at least one first valve is adapted to direct the supercritical fluid particle-containing suspension alternately or sequentially to the at least two ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING DIALYSATE FOR DIALYSIS

An apparatus for generating dialysate for dialysis comprising a dialysate outlet and a dialysate inlet and dialysate purifying means, wherein the purifying means comprise a cryopurifier for generating pure water, wherein the inlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate outlet and the outlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate inlet; and a method for reclaiming of fresh dialysate from ultrafiltrate and wasted dialysate extracted from a dialysis patient, comprising the following steps: preparing an ice slurry from the dialysate, wherein the ice slurry contains ice crystals and a liquid containing solutes; and separating the ice crystals from the liquid containing the solutes. 1. An apparatus for generating dialysate for dialysis comprising:a dialysate outlet;a dialysate inlet; anda cryopurifier for generating pure water, wherein an inlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate outlet and an outlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate inlet.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the cryopurifier comprises an ice crystal growth container and a wash column.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the outlet of the cryopurifier comprises a pure water outlet connected to the dialysate inlet.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a dialysate prepurifier provided between the dialysate outlet and the cryopurifier inlet.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a dialysate postpurifier provided between the cryopurifier outlet and the dialysate inlet.6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger for providing heat exchange between the cryopurifier inlet and a heater at the cryopurifier outlet.7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a base station and a wearable unit.8. The apparatus according to claim 7 , further comprising a docking interface for connecting the base station with the wearable unit.9. The apparatus according to ...

Device for inducing nucleation

Described is a device for inducing crystal nucleation in a crystalliser. The device comprises a vessel for fluid and a surface abrader, wherein the surface abrader is configured to abrade a surface within the vessel to induce crystal nucleation. The friction of the abrader against the surface within the vessel creates nano-sized particulates which induce crystal nucleation. Crystal growth can then take place in the crystalliser. Also described is a crystallisation apparatus comprising the device and a crystallisation process using the device or similar. The device is significantly cheaper and more reliable than known ultrasound devices and facilitates the separation of crystal nucleation and crystal growth. The device also enables the avoidance of the use of seeding as a source of secondary nucleation.

METHOD AND SYSTEM USING MELTING FILTER FOR SEPARATING MIXTURE

The present invention provides a method and system using a melting filter medium for separating a mixture (e.g., a mixture of an aqueous solution and either or both of oil and solids immiscible in the aqueous solution) to be separated. The mixture is separated into a liquid passing through the filter layer of the filter medium and a captured material captured in the filter layer. The filter medium and the captured material are separated by melting the filter medium. 1. A method for separating a mixture into a liquid and a material by using a melting filter medium , the method comprising the steps of:producing filter crystals by cooling a mother liquid;providing the mixture including the liquid to be passed and the material to be captured;forming a crystal-filter layer of the filter crystals on a supporting wall having holes which supports the crystal-filter layer;supplying the mixture to the crystal-filter layer to allow the liquid to pass through the crystal-filter layer and the holes of the supporting wall, while capturing the material by the crystal-filter layer;separating from the supporting wall the crystal-filter layer that has captured the material; andmelting the filter crystals in the crystal-filter layer that has captured the material to allow the filter crystals and the captured material to separate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of producing filter crystals comprises: deliquoring mother-liquid crystals to obtain the filter crystals.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of producing the filter crystals comprises: crushing a crystal to obtain the filter crystals.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the step of producing the filter crystals comprises: sieving the crushed crystals to obtain the filter crystals.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the mixture claim 1 , the material included in the mixture is immiscible and dispersed in the liquid.6. A method for separating a mixture ...

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR CRYSTALLIZING A COMPOUND

The present invention generally relates to devices and methods for crystallizing a compound. In certain industries, crystallization techniques require additional filtration steps in order to obtain products of relatively high yield and/or high purity. In some embodiments, the devices and methods described herein facilitate continuous production of high yield and/or high purity products without the need for additional filtration steps. In some embodiments, the devices and methods comprise flowing a fluid comprising a compound (e.g., a crystallizable compound, a solidifiable compound) over a substrate such that the compound crystallizes and/or precipitates on the substrate. In some embodiments, the crystallized compound can be recovered (e.g., at a high purity in solution). In certain embodiments, the substrate is orientated substantially vertically (e.g., such that flow of the fluid is driven by gravity). In some cases, the substrate comprises a plurality of crystallization promoting structures. 1. A method for obtaining a crystallized compound , comprising:flowing a fluid comprising the compound, the fluid having a first temperature less than the melt temperature of the compound, over at least a portion of a substrate having a second temperature less than the first temperature, such that the compound crystallizes in a crystal layer on at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the substrate is oriented substantially vertically; andrecovering the crystallized compound.2. A method for separating a solidifiable compound , comprising:flowing a fluid comprising the compound, the fluid having a first temperature less than the melt temperature of the compound, over at least a portion of a substrate having a second temperature less than the first temperature, such that the compound precipitates a solid on at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the substrate is oriented substantially vertically; andrecovering the precipitated solid.3. A method as in claim 1 , wherein ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OBTAINING A CARBOXYLIC ACID WHICH IS PRODUCED IN A FERMENTATION PROCESS

A plant and a process may be utilized to isolate a carboxylic acid from a fermentation broth. The process may involve separating a biomass from the fermentation broth containing a salt of the carboxylic acid to produce a low-biomass solution. The separation of the biomass may be performed in a first step by centrifugation, separation, precoat filtration, or microfiltration, and in a second step by ultrafiltration. The process may further involve concentrating the salt of the carboxylic acid in the low-biomass solution. The concentrated solution may then be acidified. Further, precipitation of the carboxylic acid may be obtained by acidification.” 116.-. (canceled)17. A process for isolating a carboxylic acid from a fermentation broth , the process comprising:separating a biomass from the fermentation broth containing a salt of the carboxylic acid to produce a low-biomass solution;concentrating the salt of the carboxylic acid in the low-biomass solution to form a concentrated solution;acidifying the concentrated solution; andprecipitating the carboxylic acid obtained by acidification.18. The process of wherein the separation of the biomass is performed in a first step by centrifugation claim 17 , separation claim 17 , precoat filtration claim 17 , or microfiltration claim 17 , and in a second step by ultrafiltration.19. The process of wherein prior to the acidification of the concentrated solution claim 17 , the process comprises purifying the low-biomass solution or the concentrated solution by at least one of nanofiltration claim 17 , cation exchange claim 17 , anion exchange claim 17 , or activated carbon purification.20. The process of wherein a concentration of the concentrated solution is above a solubility concentration of the carboxylic acid.21. The process of wherein the salt of the carboxylic acid is concentrated from 1%-10% by weight to 40%-50% by weight.22. The process of wherein the salt of the carboxylic acid is concentrated from 3%-7% by weight to 20%- ...

Method and System for Quickly Extracting Lithium Carbonate from Saline Lake Water

The present invention discloses a method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water and a system for the same. The method comprises: first quick-freezing the saline lake water to obtain lithium-rich brine, then evaporating under reduced pressure to enable lithium carbonate to be rapidly precipitated out. The method has advantages of short process flow and less labor consumption, thereby enabling continuous automatic operation, high energy utilization and environment-friendly. Further, the crystallization rate is several times faster than that of the salt-pan process and the grade of lithium carbonate salt mine obtained can reach 95% or more, therefore the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrial production in the remote saline lake region. The system comprises a reduced-pressure evaporation crystallizer, a vacuum-pumping apparatus, a brine preheating apparatus and a brine cooling apparatus, which concentrates the brine by quick-evaporation of the water, promotes lithium carbonate to form non-uniform nucleus, and improves the crystallization efficiency. 110.-. (canceled)11. A method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water , the method comprising:introducing a lithium-rich brine into a reduced-pressure evaporation crystallizer to oversaturate and precipitate out lithium carbonate from the lithium-rich brine by a reduced-pressure evaporation process, while leaving a residual liquid;discharging the residual liquid;collecting the precipitate in the crystallizer; anddrying the precipitate to obtain lithium carbonate crystals.12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein during the reduced-pressure evaporation process claim 11 , the pressure of the reduced-pressure evaporation crystallizer is maintained between 25 kPa and 45 kPa.13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the temperature for the reduced-pressure evaporation process ranges from 60° C. to 80° C.14. The method according to claim ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING D-PSICOSE CRYSTAL

A method for producing high purity D-psicose crystals having a purity of 98% (w/w) or more and a grain size of MA200 or more. The method includes: removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution; concentrating the purified D-psicose solution; cooling the concentrated D-psicose solution to 30° C. to 40° C. through a heat exchanger; seed crystallizing the D-psicose solution at 30° C. to 40° C. to obtain a seed crystallized massecuite; and full-scale crystallizing the seed crystallized massecuite. The method can produce pure D-psicose crystals in a suitable form for industrial application through an economical crystallization process from the D-psicose solution without using organic solvents. 1. A method for producing high purity D-psicose crystals having a purity of 98% (w/w) or more and a grain size of MA200 μm or more , comprising:removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution;concentrating the purified D-psicose solution;cooling the concentrated D-psicose solution to 30° C. to 40° C. through a heat exchanger;seed crystallizing the D-psicose solution at 30° C. to 40° C. to obtain seed crystallized massecuite; andfull-scale crystallizing the seed crystallized massecuite.2. The method for producing high purity D-psicose crystals according to claim 1 , wherein the step of removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution comprises:decoloring the D-psicose solution by passing through a column packed with a decoloring agent;desalting the decolored D-psicose solution via ion exchange resin chromatography; andpassing the desalted D-psicose solution through a continuous chromatography column packed with an ion exchange resin to which calcium activating groups are attached.3. The method for producing high purity D-psicose crystals according to claim 2 , wherein the ion exchange resin used in the ion exchange resin chromatography is a 100% weak basic anion resin.4. ...

METHOD OF CRYSTALLIZING a-LACTOSE FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

A method of crystallizing α-lactose monohydrate from an aqueous solution comprising dissolved α-lactose and β-lactose, said method comprising: circulating a first volume of said aqueous solution in a mutarotation loop in a mutarotation loop system (); said mutarotation loop system comprising a crystallization tank () and a mutarotation tank (). 1. A method of crystallizing α-lactose monohydrate from an aqueous solution comprising dissolved α-lactose and β-lactose , said method comprising:{'b': '100', 'claim-text': [{'b': '110', 'sub': 'cystr', 'a crystallization tank () operating at a crystallization temperature, T, from about 0° C. to about 30° C. for crystallizing α-lactose monohydrate from said aqueous solution, said crystallization tank comprising a second volume of said aqueous solution, said second volume larger than said first volume, preferably much larger than said first volume;'}, {'b': '130', 'sub': 'muta', 'a mutarotation tank () operating at a mutarotation temperature, T, from about 30° C. to about 110° C. for promoting mutarotation of β-lactose to α-lactose;'}, {'b': '120', 'sub': cryst', 'muta, 'a heater () for heating said first volume from said crystallization temperature, T, to said mutarotation temperature, T;'}, {'b': '140', 'sub': muta', 'cryst, 'a cooler () for cooling said first volume from said mutarotation temperature, T, to said crystallization temperature, T; and'}, {'b': 150', '100', '110', '120', '130', '140', '110, 'at least one circulating means () for circulating said first volume in said mutarotation loop system () from said crystallization tank () to said heater () to said mutarotation tank () to said cooler () and back to said crystallization tank ();'}], 'circulating a first volume of said aqueous solution in a mutarotation loop in a mutarotation loop system (); said mutarotation loop system comprising [{'b': '130', 'said mutarotation tank () is operated under iso-volumetric conditions; and'}, {'b': '130', 'sub': 'muta', 'said ...

PROCESSES FOR TREATING AQUEOUS COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LITHIUM SULFATE AND SULFURIC ACID

The present disclosure relates to processes for treating an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid. The processes comprise evaporatively crystallizing the aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid under conditions to obtain crystals of lithium sulfate monohydrate and a lithium sulfate-reduced solution; and optionally separating the crystals of the lithium sulfate monohydrate from the lithium sulfate-reduced solution. The processes optionally further comprise concentrating the lithium sulfate-reduced solution under conditions to obtain an acidic condensate and a concentrate comprising sulfuric acid. 1. A process for treating an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid , said process comprising:evaporatively crystallizing the aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid under conditions to obtain crystals of lithium sulfate monohydrate and a lithium sulfate-reduced solution, and to at least substantially prevent decomposition of said crystals of lithium sulfate monohydrate into anhydrous lithium sulfate, wherein said conditions comprise carrying out evaporative crystallization at a temperature of about 40° C. to below 100° C., at a pressure of about 1 kPa to about 90 kPa andoptionally separating the crystals of the lithium sulfate monohydrate from the lithium sulfate-reduced solution.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid comprises from about 1 wt % to about 35 wt % lithium sulfate claim 1 , based on the total weight of the aqueous composition.35-. (canceled)6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid comprises from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % sulfuric acid claim 1 , based on the total weight of the aqueous composition.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid comprises from about 5 wt % ...

AN ULTRASOUND CRYSTALLIZATION DEVICE AND AN ULTRASOUND CRYSTALLIZATION SYSTEM

An ultrasound crystallization device comprises a tubular crystallization reactor () for conducting process fluid containing substance to be crystallized, an ultrasound source () for radiating ultrasound to the tubular crystallization reactor, and a temperature-control structure () for controlling the temperature of the process fluid with the aid of temperature-control fluid. The tubular crystallization reactor is shaped to conduct the process fluid to flow around the ultrasound source, and the temperature-control structure comprises a flow-guide structure () for guiding at least a part of the temperature-control fluid to flow around the ultrasound source. The flow-guide structure improves the accuracy of the temperature control of the process fluid and also the ability of the temperature control to react to changes. 2. An ultrasound crystallization device according to claim 1 , wherein the tubular crystallization reactor is a helix-shaped tube surrounding the ultrasound source.3. An ultrasound crystallization device according to claim 1 , wherein the tubular crystallization reactor is a meandering tube surrounding the ultrasound source.4. An ultrasound crystallization device according to claim 1 , wherein the flow-guide structure is arranged to guide the at least part of the temperature-control fluid to flow along a helical path surrounding the ultrasound source.5. An ultrasound crystallization device according to claim 4 , wherein the temperature-control structure comprises a container encompassing the tubular crystallization reactor and the ultrasound source claim 4 , and the flow-guide structure comprises a helical guide-plate attached to an inner wall of the container and surrounding the tubular crystallization reactor.6. An ultrasound crystallization device according to claim 1 , wherein the flow-guide structure is a heat control pipe inside the tubular crystallization reactor and suitable for conducting the temperature-control fluid.7. An ultrasound ...

Process for separating a constituent/cannabinoid using a chromatographic resin

A method for purification and separation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol, e.g., from dried hemp and cannabis leaves can use a continuous simulated moving bed process, a batch column chromatography method, or a single column, and a combination of one or more of a sequence of purification steps including: filtration, decolorization, activation or decarboxylation, dewaxing, polishing, and crystallization to separate a cannabinoid from the cannabis plant and to provide various cannabinoid products. The cannabinoid products can be used in various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Method for determining the compositional distribution of a crystalline copolymer

A method for fractionating crystalline copolymers to determine solubility distribution as a function of temperature. Fractionation is conducted by passing a solvent through a column containing the crystallized copolymer at an increasing temperature from 6° C. to about 120° C. The polymer solution exiting the column is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy or NMR to determine the composition distribution of the copolymer.

Process and apparatus for purifying organic materials by fractional crystallisation with variable flow velocity

Process for the crystallization of solid substances in a coarse granular form from solutions

Chromatography of polymers with reduced co-crystallization

A temperature gradient chromatography, and apparatus for the same, said method comprising the following: a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form a polymer solution; b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50; c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2°C/min; d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer; e) generating the chromatogram.

Method to increase the chromatographic resolution of olefin-based polymers with different microstructures

A method increase of the Resolution Index (RI) of a chromatogram generated from a polymer sample comprising at least two olefin-based polymers of different microstructures and/or at least two olefin-based polymer fractions of different microstructures. The method comprises separating the mixture on a low-porosity stationary phase and repeatedly cycling the sample-stationary phase through a series of cooling and heating stages with active eluent flow only during the cooling stages and during the last heating stage to elute the separated analytes off the column.

Chromatography of polymers with reduced co-crystallization

A temperature gradient chromatography, and apparatus for the same, said method comprising the following: a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form a polymer solution; b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50; c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2° C./min; d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer; e) generating the chromatogram.

分別結晶により液体混合物から物質を分離するための方法及び装置

(57)【要約】 【課題】 分別結晶で液体混合物からある物質を分離す る方法をより低い投資及びエネルギー・コストでかつよ り高い信頼性で実施できるように改善する。 【解決手段】 液状媒体を蒸発させることによって晶出 装置（Ｓ−１、Ｓ−２、Ｓ−３）内のパイプの内壁を冷 却して、パイプの外壁に結晶の層が形成され、これを後 で溶融させる。溶融が行われている晶出装置に熱エネル ギーを供給して、そこで液状媒体を蒸発させ、溶融を加 速することもできる。この同時に動作する２台の晶出装 置はそれぞれ冷凍ユニット（１１）内で蒸発器及び凝縮 器として働き、これによって既知の晶出法に比べてかな りのエネルギーが節約される。

(甲基)丙烯酸的制备方法

本发明的目的在于提供一种通过结晶、用于稳定高效地得到高纯度的(甲基)丙烯酸的方法。本发明涉及的(甲基)丙烯酸的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：使由结晶装置排出的冷热介质的温度稳定在超过结晶装置中粗(甲基)丙烯酸溶液的凝固点且在该凝固点+5℃以下为止，将结晶装置中的粗(甲基)丙烯酸冷却的工序；接着，使供给至结晶装置的冷热介质的温度为比粗(甲基)丙烯酸溶液的凝固点低至少1℃的温度，使结晶装置中的粗(甲基)丙烯酸溶液为过冷却状态的工序；以及，使粗(甲基)丙烯酸溶液中的(甲基)丙烯酸结晶的工序。

Heat exchange using mother liquid in para-xylene crystallization process

FIELD: heat exchange. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method for heat exchange using a mother solution a para-xylene (PX) crystallisation method. Method involves feeding a stream of incoming material and a stream of mother solution into a PX crystallisation apparatus, comprising a first heat exchanger to perform heat exchange through wall between stream of mother solution and a stream of incoming material and a crystallizer for crystallisation of PX from stream of supplied material, wherein stream of mother solution is cooled to temperature -50 °C providing a second heat exchanger for cooling stream of supplied material to reach PX crystallisation apparatus for cooling stream of supplied material with a second low-temperature energy source of cooling agent and providing a third heat exchanger to perform heat exchange through wall between stream of mother solution and a stream of incoming material before stream of supplied material enters second heat exchanger. EFFECT: invention provides improved process of low-temperature crystallisation and optimum use of cooling using heat exchange with a mother solution to reduce costs on cooling during crystallisation. 7 cl, 2 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 604 225 C2 (51) МПК B01J 8/00 (2006.01) F28D 15/00 (2006.01) B01D 9/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013144438/05, 19.03.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 19.03.2012 (72) Автор(ы): ЦЗИНЬ Вэйхуа (US), ДИН Чжунги (US) 18.03.2011 US 61/454,337 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.04.2015 Бюл. № 12 R U (73) Патентообладатель(и): ДжиТиСи ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ ЮЭс ЭлЭлСи (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (45) Опубликовано: 10.12.2016 Бюл. № 34 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 18.10.2013 (86) Заявка PCT: 2 6 0 4 2 2 5 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 3558731 A, 26.01.1971. US 7857396 B2, 28.12.2010. US 6565653 ...

Heat transfer device

교반 탱크, 교반 탱크의 탱크 벽을 따라 액체를 순환시키는 액체 순환 수단 및 당해 교반 탱크 내에 설치되어 있는 1개 이상의 보조 열전달 수단을 포함하는 열전달 장치로서, 보조 열전달 수단이 항상 습윤 상태로 있다. A heat transfer device comprising a stirring tank, liquid circulation means for circulating a liquid along the tank wall of the stirring tank, and one or more auxiliary heat transfer means provided in the stirring tank, wherein the auxiliary heat transfer means is always in a wet state. 열전달 장치, 액체 순환 수단, 보조 전달 수단, 가열 수단, 열전달부, 액체 분출 장치 Heat transfer apparatus, liquid circulation means, auxiliary transfer means, heating means, heat transfer portion, liquid ejection apparatus

一种用于气—气反应的结晶塔

本发明公开了一种用于气—气反应的结晶塔，所述结晶塔包括上封头、塔体和下封头，所述上封头上设有气体出口，所述下封头上设有气体入口和物料出口，所述塔体由下至上包括冷却段和结晶段，所述冷却段内设置取热组件，所述结晶段内设置有塔盘，所述塔盘包括塔盘板、固定在塔盘板下表面的吊耳和活动连接于吊耳上的结晶柱。本发明的结晶塔具有可附着结晶物的表面积大、结晶体易脱并落堆积塔盘上，适用于炼厂酸性水处理过程中的硫氢化氨结晶过程，尤其适用于含二氧化碳的酸性气中硫化氢的分离过程。

Chromatography of polymers with reduced cocrystallization

用于温度控制过程的改进的设备和方法

本发明提供一种用于容器中的温度控制过程的方法和设备，以提供改善的过程控制，特别是使得所控制的温度能施加到位于容器的不同过程区域中的物质，所述设备具有布置并可操作地连接在流动系统中的一系列管状件，各个过程区域具有与其并置的温度调节装置，从而实现其中的温度控制。

Apparatus for heat treating of materials

Apparatus for the treatment, such as drying, freezing, crystallization of wet solids, slurries, suspensions, pulps and similar materials with heating or cooling. The apparatus is characterized by a treating body having two sections. The first section has a horizontally arranged axially flared annular treating drum rotatable around the horizontal or near-horizontal longitudinal rotation axis, and having end plates with a material feeding inlet pipe leading into the interior through one end plate, while the other end plate is provided with an opening arranged eccentrically in relation to the rotation axis. The second section of the treating body is connected rigidly and thus rotatably to the treating drum, the second section of the treating body having at least three duct-like oblong treating members leading into each other. The longitudinal axes of the treating members together form a zig-zag or similar line, and they intersect the rotation axis of the treating drum-which is the common axis of rotation of the treating drum and of the part forming the second section of the treating body and consisting of the treating members outside the treating drum.

Crystallizing column structure and method of crystallisation

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemical crystallisation equipment for gas-phase reactions, in particular, reaction of two gases to obtain a solid phase. Crystallization column includes top head 1 with gas outlet hole 4, housing 2 and lower head 3 with gas inlet 8 and material outlet 7, housing 2 comprises crystallization section 11 equipped with plates 14 including tray plate and plurality lower crystallisation elements. Upper end of the lower crystallisation element can form a movable connection with the tray plate, so that two adjacent lower crystallisation elements can collide during oscillation. Plate 14 may also include a plurality of upper crystallisation elements extending upward from the top surface of tray plate. EFFECT: crystallization column is simple in structure, has low cost, high efficiency of crystallization and provides easy crystallization of crystalline substances. 28 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl, 2 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 683 757 C1 (51) МПК B01D 7/02 (2006.01) C01C 1/20 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01D 7/02 (2018.08); C01C 1/20 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018103357, 09.11.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 01.04.2019 15.07.2015 CN 201510414141.2 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЧАЙНА ПЕТРОЛИУМ ЭНД КЕМИКАЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН (CN), ФУШУН РЕСЕРЧ ИНСТИТЬЮТ ОФ ПЕТРОЛИУМ ЭНД ПЕТРОКЕМИКАЛС, СИНОПЕК КОРП. (CN) (45) Опубликовано: 01.04.2019 Бюл. № 10 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 15.02.2018 (86) Заявка PCT: (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: CN 103752032 A, 30.04.2014. CN 2 6 8 3 7 5 7 R U (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 202942677 U, 22.05.2013. US 4891190 A, 02.01.1990. WO 2017/008416 (19.01.2017) Адрес для переписки: 191036, Санкт-Петербург, а/я 24, "НЕВИНПАТ" (54) КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИОННАЯ КОЛОННА И СПОСОБ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к области ...

Continuous method for partially crystallising a solution and a device for carrying out said method

The invention relates to a device for partially crystallising a phase in a solution comprising at least one pump (1) for circulating the solution in a circuit (20) of a heat exchanger (2) formed by at least one pipe (200) contacting with a cooling circuit (22), The inventive device is characterised in that the circuit (20) of the heat exchanger (2) comprises solution mixing statical units in such a way that the phase crystallised particles are continuously mixed with the solution during the circulation thereof. An arrangement provided with a plurality of the inventive devices or a plurality of the parts of said device and a method for the use thereof are also disclosed.

Method for the manufacture of a polyhydroxy-arboxylic acid

公开了制备聚乳酸的方法，其包括如下步骤：使用催化剂和催化剂灭活化合物或封端添加剂进行开环聚合以获得MW大于10,000g/mol的粗制聚乳酸，通过低沸点化合物以气相流形式脱挥而从粗制聚乳酸中除去和分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物以提纯粗制聚乳酸，通过由气相去升华以结晶而提纯来自脱挥的丙交酯和从蒸发的低沸点化合物的气相流中除去杂质，其中将丙交酯提纯且脱除的杂质包括催化剂残留物和含有至少一个羟基的化合物，以然后通过将纯化的丙交酯进料回到开环聚合中而使其聚合。本发明还涉及用于实施该方法的装置，其包括：用于进行开环聚合以获得粗制聚乳酸的聚合反应器、用于从粗制聚乳酸中分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物的脱挥装置和用于通过在同一结晶装置中去升华和结晶以提纯丙交酯和除去杂质的结晶装置。

The preparation method of poly-hydroxy-carboxylic acid

公开了制备聚乳酸的方法，其包括如下步骤：使用催化剂和催化剂灭活化合物或封端添加剂进行开环聚合以获得MW大于10,000 g/mol的粗制聚乳酸，通过低沸点化合物以气相流形式脱挥而从粗制聚乳酸中除去和分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物以提纯粗制聚乳酸，通过使蒸发气相流冷凝产生冷凝流和该冷凝流的随后熔体结晶而提纯来自脱挥的丙交酯和从蒸发的低沸点化合物的气相流中除去杂质，其中将丙交酯提纯且脱除的杂质包括催化剂残留物和含有至少一个羟基的化合物，以通过将纯化的丙交酯进料回到开环聚合中而使其聚合。本发明还涉及用于实施该方法的装置，其包括：用于进行开环聚合以获得粗制聚乳酸的聚合反应器、用于从粗制聚乳酸中除去和分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物的脱挥装置和用于提纯丙交酯和从冷凝流中除去杂质的结晶装置，其中在脱挥装置与结晶装置之间设置用于冷凝气相流以产生冷凝流的冷凝器。

聚羟基-羧酸的制备方法

本发明公开了制备聚乳酸的方法，其包括如下步骤：使用催化剂和催化剂灭活化合物或封端添加剂进行开环聚合以获得MW大于10,000g/mol的粗制聚乳酸，通过低沸点化合物以气相流形式脱挥而从粗制聚乳酸中除去和分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物以提纯粗制聚乳酸，通过使蒸发气相流冷凝产生冷凝流和该冷凝流的随后熔体结晶而提纯来自脱挥的丙交酯和从蒸发的低沸点化合物的气相流中除去杂质，其中将丙交酯提纯且脱除的杂质包括催化剂残留物和含有至少一个羟基的化合物，以通过将纯化的丙交酯进料回到开环聚合中而使其聚合。本发明还涉及用于实施该方法的装置，其包括：用于进行开环聚合以获得粗制聚乳酸的聚合反应器、用于从粗制聚乳酸中除去和分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物的脱挥装置和用于提纯丙交酯和从冷凝流中除去杂质的结晶装置，其中在脱挥装置与结晶装置之间设置用于冷凝气相流以产生冷凝流的冷凝器。

The preparation method of poly-hydroxy-carboxylic acid

公开了制备聚乳酸的方法，其包括如下步骤：使用催化剂和催化剂灭活化合物或封端添加剂进行开环聚合以获得MW大于10,000g/mol的粗制聚乳酸，通过低沸点化合物以气相流形式脱挥而从粗制聚乳酸中除去和分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物以提纯粗制聚乳酸，通过由气相去升华以结晶而提纯来自脱挥的丙交酯和从蒸发的低沸点化合物的气相流中除去杂质，其中将丙交酯提纯且脱除的杂质包括催化剂残留物和含有至少一个羟基的化合物，以然后通过将纯化的丙交酯进料回到开环聚合中而使其聚合。本发明还涉及用于实施该方法的装置，其包括：用于进行开环聚合以获得粗制聚乳酸的聚合反应器、用于从粗制聚乳酸中分离包含丙交酯和杂质的低沸点化合物的脱挥装置和用于通过在同一结晶装置中去升华和结晶以提纯丙交酯和除去杂质的结晶装置。

Method for the manufacture of a polyhydroxy-carboxylic acid

Disclosed is a method to prepare a polylactic acid comprising the steps of performing a ring opening polymerization using a catalyst and either a catalyst killer compound or an endcapping additive to obtain a raw polylactic acid of MW greater than 10,000 g/mol, purifying the raw polylactic acid by removing and separating low boiling compounds comprising lactide and impurities from the raw polylactic acid by devolatization of the low boiling compounds as a gas phase stream, and purifying the lactide from the devolatization and removing the impurities from the gas phase stream of evaporated low boiling compounds by means of crystallization by desublimation from the gas phase, wherein the lactide is purified and the removed impurities include a catalyst residue and a compound containing at least one hydroxyl group such that the purified lactide is then polymerized by feeding it back into the ring opening polymerization. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method comprising a polymerization reactor for performing a ring opening polymerization to obtain a raw polylactic acid, a devolatization apparatus for separating low boiling compounds comprising lactide and impurities from a raw polylactic acid, and a crystallization apparatus for purifying a lactide and removing impurities by means of a desublimation and a crystallization in the same crystallization apparatus.

Spiral-flow type fluidized bed cooling crystallization system

本发明公开了一种旋流式流化床冷却结晶系统，包括第一流化床结晶器、第二流化床结晶器、养晶罐、离心机、循环泵、流量控制阀、密度计等，第一流化床结晶器和第二流化床结晶器中设置有竖直的传热管，传热管内装有刮削颗粒；原料液通过竖直传热管与冷却介质进行换热，同时利用传热管底部的螺旋喷头将管内料液形成旋流场，高效驱动刮削颗粒不断撞击和破碎粘附于传热壁面的晶体，起到强化传热、传热壁面自清洁、诱导结晶、调控粒径等作用。结晶母液再通过养晶罐进一步生长增大，使最终产品达到粒径尺寸和均一度要求。与传统间壁冷却结晶器相比，该系统具有传热系数高、有效传热温差大、清洗维护周期长、规模易于放大等优势。

Method for determining the compositional distribution of a crystalline copolymer

A method for fractionating crystalline copolymers to determine solubility distribution as a function of temperature. Fractionation is conducted by passing a solvent through a column containing the crystallized copolymer at an increasing temperature from 6°C to about 120°C. The polymer solution exiting the column is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy or NMR to determine the composition distribution of the copolymer.

Method for determining the composition distribution of crystalline copolymers

Method for determining component distribution in a crystalline copolymer.

Method for separating and purifying crystallisable organic compounds

The invention relates to a process for separating and/or purifying organic compounds susceptible to crystallization by means of crystallizing and dissolving comprising the following steps: a) depositing the composition in the head of a separation and/or crystallization column; b) crystallizing by means of a cooling gradient; c) pumping the solvent at optimal flow rate Fc; d) entraining the components while they are not crystallized to the end of the column; e) stopping the pumping of the solvent until reaching the lowest temperature of the interval established by the cooling gradient; f) heating the column; g) beginning new pumping by means of applying flow rate Fe; h) collecting the eluates; and i) detecting by means of detectors.

Method for separating and purifying crystallisable organic compounds

The invention relates to a process for separating and/or purifying organic compounds susceptible to crystallization by means of crystallizing and dissolving comprising the following steps: a) depositing the composition in the head of a separation and/or crystallization column; b) crystallizing by means of a cooling gradient; c) pumping the solvent at optimal flow rate Fc; d) entraining the components while they are not crystallized to the end of the column; e) stopping the pumping of the solvent until reaching the lowest temperature of the interval established by the cooling gradient; f) heating the column; g) beginning new pumping by means of applying flow rate Fe; h) collecting the eluates; and i) detecting by means of detectors.

Method for determining the compositional distribution of a crystalline copolymer

A method for fractionating crystalline copolymers to determine solubility distribution as a function of temperature. Fractionation is conducted by passing a solvent through a column containing the crystallized copolymer at an increasing temperature from 6°C to about 120°C. The polymer solution exiting the column is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy or NMR to determine the composition distribution of the copolymer.

Method for determining component distribution in a crystalline copolymer.

Method for determining the compositional distribution of a crystalline copolymer

A method for fractionating crystalline copolymers to determine solubility distribution as a function of temperature. Fractionation is conducted by passing a solvent through a column containing the crystallized copolymer at an increasing temperature from 6°C to about 120°C. The polymer solution exiting the column is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy or NMR to determine the composition distribution of the copolymer.

Method of and apparatus for crystallization

A kind of fusion-crystallization method

一种熔融结晶方法包括以下步骤：1)将熔融状态下的物料加入到熔融结晶器的结晶管内，启动熔融结晶器下管箱设置的程序降温功能；2)物料在结晶管内流动的同时，随结晶管内温度的降低而凝固，并粘在结晶管壁上；未结晶的物料往下流动，经烧结过滤器将大颗粒的结晶物料过滤后，滤液作为第一馏分收集在馏分一缓冲罐中；3)至熔融结晶器不再有第一馏分液体物料滴出，启动熔融结晶器下管箱的程序升温功能；粘在结晶管壁的结晶体融化，由固态转变为液态；刚开始融化的物料含有少量杂质，将该物料作为过渡馏分收集在过渡馏分缓冲罐中；4)在过渡馏分采出的过程中，及时取样，当取样检测结果显示馏分的纯度满足要求时，将馏分采出至馏分二缓冲罐中。

Method of and installation for the separation of a liquid mixture by fractionated crystallisation

Separation of components in a liquid mixture by fractional crystallisation in which crystallisation takes place on the outer surface of a tube as refrigeration fluid is expanded, cooled, and then sprayed against the bore at the top from where it trickles down to the bottom. The crystals are removed in a second phase in which the tubes act as the condenser, warming and melting the crystals. Additional heat may be supplied from external sources, if required.Also claimed is the equipment required for this process.

Process for separating and purifying crystals from a crystal suspension

Continuous crystal prodn. in suspension - by returning portion to prod. crystalliser, for low energy large scale prodn.

Hot fluids contg molten substances form cystals on cooling to leave other residues. Crystal suspension is sepd from the melt within a suspension crystalliser in a solid-fluid separator assembly, to produce a solid phase, crystals and a fluid phase; portion of the sepd crystals are cooled and returned to the suspension crystalliser. USE/ADVANTAGE - Improved sepn characteristics and prod. purity.

Improved apparatus and method for temperature controlled processes

Method and apparatus for temperature controlled processes in a vessel to provide improved process control, in particular to enable controlled temperatures to be applied to a substance in different process zones of a vessel, has a series of tubular members arranged and operatively connected in a flow system, and each process zone has temperature regulating means juxtaposed thereto for effecting temperature control therein.

Ultrasonic crystallizer and ultrasonic crystal system

Improved apparatus and method for temperature controlled processes

Apparatus for the treatment of wet solids, especially pulpy materials, by heating or cooling

Apparatus for the treatment, such as drying, freezing, crystallization of wet solids, slurries, suspensions, pulps and similar materials with heating or cooling. The apparatus is characterized by a treating body having two sections. The first section has a horizontally arranged axially flared annular treating drum rotatable around the horizontal or near-horizontal longitudinal rotation axis, and having end plates with a material feeding inlet pipe leading into the interior through one end plate, while the other end plate is provided with an opening arranged eccentrically in relation to the rotation axis. The second section of the treating body is connected rigidly and thus rotatably to the treating drum, the second section of the treating body having at least three duct-like oblong treating members leading into each other. The longitudinal axes of the treating members together form a zig-zag or similar line, and they intersect the rotation axis of the treating drum-which is the common axis of rotation of the treating drum and of the part forming the second section of the treating body and consisting of the treating members outside the treating drum.

Method and device for cleaning mixture containing oil and paraffin

FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fractionation of mineral or synthetic oil contaminated with paraffin. Method of fractionating a crude mixture containing at least one oil and at least one paraffin comprises step a) of preliminary fractionation by means of crystallization of layers of crude mixture containing at least one oil and at least one paraffin, or of crude mixture with solvent, obtained by adding before preliminary fractionation of solvent in amount of not more than 100% by weight relative to weight of crude mixture , to obtain a first fraction containing oil with low content of paraffin, and a second fraction containing paraffin with low oil content; first step b) of crystallization, including first sub-step b 1 ) crystallization of the suspension, in which the first fraction containing oil with low paraffin content is used to obtain a third fraction containing dewaxed oil and a fourth fraction; and second sub-step b 2 ) crystallization of suspension, on which mixture of fourth fraction obtained at stage b 1 ) of the method, and the second fraction containing paraffin with low oil content and obtained at stage (a) of preliminary fractionation, is used to produce the fifth fraction containing crude paraffin, and the sixth fraction. Invention covers installation 1 for method implementation containing raw mixture source; pre-fractionation stage 2 comprising at least one sub-stage of crystallization of layers 3 containing at least one crystallizer of layers; and a first crystallization stage 12 containing a first suspension sub-stage of suspension 14 located earlier in the process and containing at least one suspension crystallizer, and located downstream of the process, at least one second under-crystallization stage of suspension 14', containing at least one crystallizer of suspension, wherein the plant additionally comprises inlet line 4 for supplying the crude mixture to the inlet of the crystallization sub-stage of pre- ...

Eutectic freezing method with primary refrigerant (PREUF method)

Method for obtaining polyhydroxycarboxylic acid

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method for obtaining polylactic acid and device for said method realisation. Method includes the following stages: realisation of polymerisation with ring opening with application of catalyst and either catalyst deactivator compound or additive, blocking terminal groups, to obtain non-purified polylactic acid with molecular weight higher than 10000 g/mol. After that method includes stage for purification of non-purified polylactic acid by removal and separation of low-boiling compounds, including lactide and admixtures, from non-purified polylactic acid, by removal of volatile low-boiling compounds in form of gas-phase flow. Further, follows stage of purification of lactide from stage of removal of volatile components, and removal of admixtures from gas-phase flow of evaporated low-boiling compounds by condensation of evaporated gas-phase flow with obtaining condensed flow and further crystallisation from melt of condensed flow. Lactide is purified, and admixtures, which include catalyst residue and compound, which contains at least one hydroxyl group, are removed so that purified lactide is polymerised by its resupply into ring opening polymerisation. EFFECT: provision of improved method for obtaining polylactic acid with increased product output in comparison with known level of technology, with reduction of equipment, required for inert gas processing. 13 cl, 2 tbl, 10 dwg, 2 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C07D 319/12 C08G 63/08 B01D 9/00 B01D 9/02 B01D 9/04 (13) 2 572 548 C2 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013142454/04, 15.11.2011 (21)(22) Заявка: (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 15.11.2011 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: EP EP EP EP (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЗУЛЬЦЕР ХЕМТЕХ АГ (CH) 11154929.1; 11154930.9; 11187571.2; 11187572.0 (45) Опубликовано: 20.01.2016 Бюл. № ...

Method for the manufacture of a polyhydroxy-carboxylic acid

촉매 및 촉매 킬러 화합물 또는 엔드캡핑 첨가제를 사용한 개환 중합을 수행하여, MW가 10,000 g/mol 이상인 원료 폴리락트산을 수득하는 단계, 락타이드 및 불순물을 포함하는 저 비점 화합물을 기체상 스트림으로서 탈휘발화 (devolatization)하여 상기 원료 폴리락트산으로부터 상기 저 비점 화합물을 제거 및 분리함으로써, 상기 원료 폴리락트산을 정제하는 단계, 및 상기 증발된 기체상 스트림을 응축시켜 응축된 스트림을 수득한 다음, 상기 응축된 스트림을 용융 결정화함으로써, 탈휘발화물로부터 상기 락타이드를 정제하고 증발된 저 비점 화합물의 기체상 스트림으로부터 불순물을 제거하는 단계를 포함하는, 폴리락트산을 제조하는 방법이 개시되며, 상기 정제되는 락타이드가 개환 중합에 재공급되어 중합되도록 상기 락타이드가 정제되고, 상기 제거되는 불순물이 촉매 잔여물, 및 하나 이상의 히드록실기를 포함하는 화합물을 포함한다. 본 발명은 또한, 개환 중합을 수행하여 원료 폴리락트산을 수득하기 위한 중합 반응기, 원료 폴리락트산 유래의 락타이드 및 불순물을 포함하는 저 비점 화합물을 제거 및 분리하기 위한 탈휘발화 장치, 및 응축된 스트림으로부터 락타이드를 정제하고 불순물을 제거하기 위한 결정화 장치를 포함하는, 상기 방법을 수행하기 위한 장치에 관한 것으로서, 기체상 스트림을 응축하여 응축된 스트림을 수득하는 응축기는 탈휘발화 장치와 결정화 장치 사이에 배치된다. Performing ring-opening polymerization using a catalyst and a catalyst killer compound or an endcapping additive to obtain a raw polylactic acid having an MW of 10,000 g / mol or more, a step of devolatilizing a low boiling compound containing lactide and an impurity as a gaseous stream removing the low boiling point compound from the raw polylactic acid by devolatization to purify the raw polylactic acid by condensing the evaporated gaseous stream to obtain a condensed stream, Comprising purifying the lactide from the devolatilized product and removing impurities from the gaseous stream of the vaporized low boiling point compound by melt crystallization, wherein the purified lactide The lactide is refined so as to be fed to the ring-opening polymerization and polymerized, The impurity which comprises a compound containing a catalyst residue, and at least one hydroxyl group. The present invention also relates to a polymerization reactor for carrying out ring-opening polymerization to obtain a starting polylactic acid, a lactide derived from the raw material polylactic acid, and a devolatilizer for removing and separating a low boiling point compound containing impurities, And a condensing device for condensing the gaseous stream to obtain a condensed stream, ...

Method and apparatus for processing suspension

本发明涉及一种处理悬浮液的方法和设备。根据本发明，将悬浮液导入含有至少一个过滤组件的洗涤柱中，这样在靠近过滤组件处，形成粒子的填充床。在洗涤液脉冲的作用下崩解填充床，同时离开填充床的粒子合并入洗涤液中。

Precrystullzer

내용 없음.

Method for producing (meth)acrylic acid

Provided is a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid, which comprises a crystallization step for feeding cooling medium from a refrigerator to a crystallization unit and returning the cooling medium from the crystallization unit to the refrigerator and obtaining (meth)acrylic acid crystals from a solution containing (meth)acrylic acid; and a step for feeding heating medium from the refrigerator to the crystallization unit and returning the heating medium from the crystallization unit to the refrigerator and melting the resulting crystals. Pure (meth)acrylic acid is obtained from a crude (meth)acrylic acid solution by performing the crystallization step and the melting step at least once each. The cooling medium discharged from the refrigerator is constantly maintained at a temperature (T1), the cooling medium returned to the refrigerator is constantly maintained at a temperature (T2), and the temperature (T2) is adjusted in accordance with the amount of pure (meth)acrylic acid produced per unit time.

Method for producing (meth)acrylic acid and crystallization system

Provided is a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid, which comprises a step for feeding a cooling medium from a heat source (4A) to a crystallization unit (1) and crystallizing (meth)acrylic acid from a crude (meth)acrylic acid solution; a step for discharging the cooling medium from the crystallization unit (1) and returning said cooling medium to the heat source (4A); a step for feeding heating medium from a heat source (4B) to the crystallization unit (1) and melting the (meth)acrylic acid; and a step for discharging the heating medium from the crystallization unit (1) and returning said heating medium to the heat source (4B). The temperature of the cooling medium returned to the heat source (4A) is maintained within a fixed range using a first buffer tank (5), and the temperature of the heating medium returned to the heat source (4B) is maintained within a fixed range using a second buffer tank (6).

Process for producing (meth)acrylic acid

A process for producing (meth)acrylic acid, comprising a crystallizing step of supplying a cooling medium from a refrigerator to a crystallizer and returning the cooling medium from the crystallizer to the refrigerator, thereby obtaining a (meth)acrylic acid crystal from a (meth)acrylic acid-containing solution; and a melting step of supplying a heating medium from a refrigerator to the crystallizer and returning the heating medium from the crystallizer to the refrigerator, thereby melting the (meth)acrylic acid crystal; wherein the crystallizing step and the melting step are respectively performed at least once, thereby producing purified (meth)acrylic acid from a crude (meth)acrylic acid solution; temperature of the cooling medium discharged from the refrigerator is maintained constant at temperature T 1 ; temperature of the cooling medium to be returned to the refrigerator is maintained constant at temperature T 2 ; the temperature T 2 is adjusted depending on a production amount of the purified (meth)acrylic acid per unit time.

Process for producing (meth)acrylic acid and crystallization system

A process for producing (meth)acrylic acid comprising the steps of: supplying a cooling medium to a crystallizer ( 1 ) from a heat source device ( 4 A), thereby crystallizing (meth)acrylic acid from a crude (meth)acrylic acid solution; discharging the cooling medium from the crystallizer ( 1 ) and returning the cooling medium to the heat source device ( 4 A); supplying a heating medium to the crystallizer ( 1 ) from a heat source device ( 4 B), thereby melting the (meth)acrylic acid; and discharging the heating medium from the crystallizer ( 1 ) and returning the heating medium to the heat source device ( 4 B); wherein temperature of the cooling medium returned to the heat source device ( 4 A) is maintained constant by utilizing a first buffer tank ( 5 ); and temperature of the heating medium returned to the heat source device ( 4 B) is maintained constant by utilizing a second buffer tank ( 6 ).