СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ РЕАКЦИИ В ЖИДКОЙ СРЕДЕ С ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕМ ГАЗА

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической промышленности, в частности, для осуществления реакции с использованием пероксида, такого как пероксид водорода, и, в частности, для восстановления хлора, содержащегося в жидком эфлюенте. Сущность изобретения: устройство содержит, по меньшей мере, статический смеситель, сообщающийся, по меньшей мере, с одним питающим трубопроводом для подачи в него жидкой среды; реактор циклонного типа, соединенный с указанным статическим смесителем и оборудованный вытяжной трубой для удаления образующегося(ихся) газа(ов) и средствами удаления жидкой среды. Настоящее изобретение касается также способа осуществления реакции в жидкой среде, во время которой происходит выделение газа. Изобретение позволяет осуществлять реакцию в условиях абсолютной безопасности, с одной стороны, и повысить кинетику, КПД и производительность, с другой. 2 н. и 24 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ МОТОРНЫХ ТОПЛИВ В ПРИСУТСТВИИ ФТОРИСТОГО ВОДОРОДА, ПРЕДОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ РАБОТЫ С ВЫСОКОЙ СКОРОСТЬЮ ПОТОКА РЕАГЕНТОВ

... 1. Устройство для получения высокооктановых компонентов моторных топлив в присутствии фтористого водорода, содержащее секционный трубный реактор, отличающееся тем, что оно дополнительно содержит циклон, совмещенный с отстойником, а секционный трубный реактор выполнен в виде секций смесителей - эмульгаторов и змеевиков с выбранным диаметром условного прохода, расположенных последовательно, при этом по длине охлаждаемого змеевика через каждые 70-150 метров установлены смесители с использованием нескольких универсальных форсунок.2. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что смеситель-эмульгатор выполнен цилиндрической формы.3. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что форсунки цилиндрической формы расположены по спирали в трубе смесителя.

Жидкостный экстрактор колонного типа

Полезная модель относится к области аппаратного оснащения процессов разнообразных химических технологий, основанных на взаимодействии в противотоке несмешивающихся жидкостей разной плотности (тяжелой и легкой фазы), конкретнее к жидкостным экстракторам колонного типа, обеспечивающим непрерывный процесс извлечения, в т.ч. избирательного, веществ из растворов, в которых противоточное движение фаз осуществляется за счет действия естественных сил подъема и опускания одной жидкости в другой, обусловленных разностью плотностей фаз. В нижней ступени двухступенчатого корпуса (1) жидкостного экстрактора имеется секция (5) предварительного массообмена легкой и тяжелой фаз путем их диспергирования и смешения, контактное устройство которой представляет собой структурированную слоевую насадку (11). В размещенной сверху секции (6) для финишного массообмена и разделения фаз контактным устройством является комплект ситчатых тарелок (12) перекрестноточного типа, установленных ступенчато с возможностью формирования ...

Реакционный кристаллизатор

Полезная модель относится к аппаратам для получения осадков малорастворимых соединений в результате химического взаимодействия реагентов и/или термической кристаллизации и может быть использована в химической технологии, в радиохимии, в гидрометаллургических процессах, в пищевой и фармацевтической промышленности.Технический результат - повышение производительности, надежности и работоспособности реакционного кристаллизатора, ускорение процесса кристаллизации.Реакционный кристаллизатор содержит корпус, патрубки ввода реагентов, патрубок вывода суспензии, датчик уровня, причем патрубок ввода исходного раствора расположен тангенциально стенке корпуса для циркуляции исходного раствора вдоль стенки корпуса, а патрубок ввода осаждающего реагента выполнен в виде «трубы в трубе» с возможностью подачи в зазор, образованный его внешней и внутренней трубами, промывного реагента и/или инертного газа, при этом реакционный кристаллизатор снабжен центральной трубой с верхними патрубками для отвода маточного ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВАНАДИЕВОГО ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТА ВЫСОКОЙ ЧИСТОТЫ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, а именно к системе и способу получения ванадиевого электролита высокой чистоты, который затем используется в проточном редокс-аккумуляторе. Способ включает получение оксида ванадия низкой валентности из окситрихлорида ванадия, выступающего в качестве исходного материала, путем осаждения аммонийной соли, восстановления в псевдоожиженном слое и получения ванадиевого электролита высокой чистоты при низкой температуре путем добавления раствора серной кислоты и чистой воды с растворением и активацией в условиях воздействия ультразвука. Эффективное использование тепла достигается путем теплообмена между аммонийной солью и восстановительным отходящим газом и за счет теплообмена между продуктом восстановления и псевдоожиженным газообразным азотом. Газообразный аммиак в восстановительном отходящем газе восстанавливают для осаждения ванадия с целью обеспечения повторного использования газообразного аммиака. Внутренний элемент введен в псевдоожиженный ...

Способ получения монофазных солей актинидов и устройство для их получения

Изобретение относится к области ядерной энергетики, в частности к получению монофазных порошков солей актинидов, которые являются прекурсорами при создании таблеток ядерного топлива. Способ получения монофазных порошков солей актинидов включает непрерывное дозирование азотнокислого актинидсодержащего раствора и муравьиной кислоты в верхнюю зону цилиндрического обогреваемого реактора. Смешение реагентов происходит в тонкой пленке на теплообменной поверхности, где реакционную смесь непрерывно перемешивают лопастями ротора. Устройство для получения монофазных порошков солей актинидов включает вертикальный роторно-пленочный реактор, снабженный нагревателем, штуцеры для ввода реагентов и для отвода парогазовой фазы. Внутри реактора расположен ротор, выполненный с возможностью вращения, с закрепленными по всей его длине лопастями. Штуцер для ввода реагентов выполнен в виде тройника, а приемный бункер выполнен с возможностью присоединения к корпусу аппарата и снабжен нагревателем. Изобретение ...

АППАРАТ С ТЕПЛООБМЕННОЙ РУБАШКОЙ

Изобретение относится к области конструкций обогреваемых емкостных аппаратов периодического действия и может найти применение в химической, пищевой, нефтехимической, микробиологической, целлюлозно-бумажной и других отраслях промышленности. Аппарат содержит корпус, крышку, патрубки для подвода исходных компонентов и отвода готового продукта и теплообменную рубашку. Внутренние поверхности стенки рубашки и стенки корпуса выполнены волнистыми в осевом направлении, так что выступ стенки корпуса соответствует впадине внутренней поверхности стенки рубашки и наоборот, образуя волнообразный кольцевой канал в осевом направлении. Изобретение обеспечивает увеличение коэффициента теплоотдачи и площади поверхности теплопередачи, интенсификацию процесса теплообмена, сокращение времени цикла работы аппарата и увеличение его производительности. 1 ил.

МИКРОЖИДКОСТНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И ОТНОСЯЩИЙСЯ К НЕМУ СПОСОБ

... 1. Микрожидкостное устройство, содержащее:несколько источников реагента для подачи нескольких реагентов, при этом каждый источник реагента подает соответствующий реагент из указанных нескольких реагентов,макро-камеру для получения одного или нескольких реагентов из указанных нескольких реагентов от указанных нескольких источников реагента,микрожидкостный реактор, соединенный с макро-камерой и с указанными несколькими источниками реагента и выполненный с возможностью получения одного или нескольких реагентов из указанных нескольких реагентов из по меньшей мере одного из следующих: макро-камеры и указанных нескольких источников реагента, и взаимодействия с одним или несколькими реагентами для образования содержимого реакции, причем макрокамера дополнительно выполнена с возможностью получения содержимого реакции из микрожидкостного реактора, исистему, выполненную с возможностью управления по меньшей мере одним из следующего:потоком сухого газа, поступающим в макро-камеру и выходящим из нее ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

... 1. Система, содержащаямешалку, расположенную внутри резервуара катализатора полимеризации и выполненную с возможностью смешивания или растворения по меньшей мере части или всего катализатора полимеризации и растворителя с образованием раствора катализатора полимеризации;нагревательную систему, соединенную с резервуаром катализатора полимеризации и выполненную с возможностью поддержания температуры раствора катализатора полимеризации выше определенного порога;реактор предварительного контакта, выполненный с возможностью приема сырьевых потоков, содержащих активатор и раствор катализатора полимеризации, из резервуара катализатора полимеризации с образованием каталитического комплекса; итрубопровод, выполненный с возможностью переноса каталитического комплекса из выпускного отверстия реактора предварительного контакта в реактор.2. Система по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что реактор предварительного контакта содержитвторую мешалку, расположенную внутри реактора предварительного контакта и выполненную ...

УСТАНОВКА НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПАРАЦЕТАМОЛА АЦИЛИРОВАНИЕМ ПАРА-АМИНОФЕНОЛА УКСУСНЫМ АНГИДРИДОМ

Настоящее изобретение относится к области химической технологии, конкретно - к установке, предназначенной для непрерывного получения парацетамола ацилированием п-аминофенола уксусным ангидридом, полученным in situ пиролизом ацетона. Установка включает блок получения уксусного ангидрида пиролизом ацетона, реактор приготовления раствора пара-аминофенола, реактор ацилирования пара-аминофенола, реактор концентрирования суспензии парацетамола, разделяющее устройство непрерывного действия для отделения твердого парацетамола от маточного раствора и емкость для хранения маточного раствора, причем соотношение рабочих объемов реактора ацилирования пара-аминофенола и реактора концентрирования суспензии парацетамола составляет от 1:3 до 1:10. Технический результат изобретения заключается в предоставлении стабильной в эксплуатации в непрерывном режиме в течение длительного времени установки получения парацетамола. 17 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 2 пр.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbonsäurechloriden

Reaktor zum Erzeugen von Chlordioxid durch Umsetzen von Alkalichlorat mit Säure

Process and apparatus for guiding an equilibrium reaction proceeding at elevated temperature

In a process for guiding an equilibrium reaction proceeding at elevated temperature, in which a reaction product volatile at the reaction temperature is formed, in at least one discontinuously operated reactor, undesirable side reactions and secondary reactions are to be considerably reduced and the batch time decreased. This is acheived by heating the reaction mixture to reaction temperature in a film evaporator. ...

Reaktor zum Erzeugen von Chlordioxid durch Umsetzen von Alkalichlorat mit Säure

Sewage oxidation reactor for chemical treatment of sewage and water

The oxidation reactor has a closed container (1) with a sewage feed (2) in the upper section together with a feed (4) for the oxidation agent. A row of cascade plates (6) is below the feeds (2, 4) extending alternately from the container sides, angled downwards. The free ends of the cascade plates (6) overlap each other from the facing wall sides. The outlet (7) is at the lower section.

KONTINUIERLICHE CHEMISCHE VERFAHREN IN ZENTRIFUGALKONTAKTSEPARATOREN

Contactor

A continuous contactor comprises a rotary tubular rotor (13) through which the two streams to be contacted flow, preferably in countercurrent. The rotor has an inner wall (17) which is substantially cylindrical and an outer wall (16) spaced from the inner wall. The rotor is divided internally into a number of rings of buckets by axial and radial separators. Each bucket (24) has an opening in the cylindrical inner wall at the leading part of the bucket with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor. The rotor is mounted in a cylindrical stationary drum (12), the ends of which form settlement chambers, in which there is no intermixing of the phases and in which the phases separate. ...

Flow reactor and method of conducting flow reactions

Flow reactor and method of conducting flow reactions

A continuous flow reactor for the reaction of one liquid reagent with another liquid reagent. The reactor has an inner tube, the inner tube defining a first flow path 130 along at least part of the length of the inner tube 102; an outer tube 104, the outer tube enclosing at least a section of the inner tube along its length, so that a second flow path 132 is defined by the space between the outer tube and the inner tube along the length of the tubes; and the inner tube having a plurality of holes (142, fig 6c) through the thickness of the inner tube, the holes being spaced longitudinally along the section of the inner tube enclosed by the outer tube. Flow reactors according to the invention are particularly suited for liquid-liquid reactions and may involve at least one highly reactive reagent. A method of performing flow reactions is also provided.

Apparatus

SIZING COMPOSITIONS

Process and apparatus for the preparation of 2-chloro-butadiene-1:3

... 2 - Chlorobutadiene - 1,3 (chloroprene) is prepared by reacting 1,2-dichlorobutene-3 with an 8-10% by weight aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution in an oxygen-free medium at temperatures above 80 DEG C. in the presence of 0.05-0.1% by weight of a water-soluble emulsifier, calculated on the quantity of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution added to the reaction mixture, provided that, when the process is carried out continuously, the 1,2-dichlorobutene-3 is added to the aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution at such a rate that 1 mole of chloroprene distils off for each mole of 1,2-dichlorobutene-3 added. The emulsifier is a compound which reduces the surface tension of the aqueous alkali solution, has a boiling point above 80 DEG C., is inert to 1,2-dichlorobutene-3 and chloroprene, and does not promote the polymerization of chloroprene. 1-Chlorobutadiene-1,3 is produced as a by-product.

A process and apparatus for subjecting one or more components of mixtures of hydrocarbons to exothermic chemical reactions

Exothermic chemical reactions between a mixture of hydrocarbons and a reagent having a preferential affinity for one or more components of the mixture are effected by introducing the mixture in the liquid state into a reaction zone in which it is treated with liquid reagent, causing part of the hydrocarbon mixture to evaporate in the reaction zone, the reagent remaining liquid, wholly or partly condensing the vapours evolved, and introducing a whole or part of the condensate into the reaction zone in order to control the temperature therein, if desired, maintaining it below atmospheric temperature. The process may be carried out in apparatus comprising a reaction vessel, a reflux condenser, which may be either a heat-exchanger of the usual type, or a compresser and cooler, and means for introducing the hydrocarbons condensed therein into the reaction vessel at a plurality of points to control the reaction temperature.ALSO: Alkyl sulphates; mono-nitrobenzene. --Exothermic ...

Process for the recovery of metals and hydrochloric acid

Reactive crystallization method to improve particle size.

This invention provides a method of conducting a simultaneous chemical reaction and controlled crystallization of the product employing impinging fluid jet streams containing reactants capable of producing the product with desired particle size characteristics.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM A RICH HYDRATE INHIBITOR STREAM

Device and method for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

Reactive cyrstallization method to improve particle size

Process for the recovery of metals and hydrochloric acid

Device and method for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

System and method for removal of heavy metal ions from a rich hydrate inhibitor stream

Reactive crystallization method to improve particle size.

System and method for removal of heavy metal ions from a rich hydrate inhibitor stream

Device and method for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

Device and method for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

System and method for removal of heavy metal ions from a rich hydrate inhibitor stream

Reactive cyrstallization method to improve particle size

CONTINUOUS CHEMICAL PROCEDURES IN CENTRIFUGAL CONTACT CONTACTS

WASTE WATER PURIFICATION WITH PROCEEDING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WATER-FREE FORMIC ACID

PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF ALPHA CHLORINE TOLUOL CONNECTIONS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE HEAT OF REACTION OF EXOTHERMIC OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE.

PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN AQUEOUS LONG-TERM-STABLE CHLORINE DIOXIDE SOLUTION AND YOUR PROPORTIONED INJECTION INTO A BY A LINE FLOWING MEDIUM

COATED LIQUID PHASE REACTOR

CONTINUOUS PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A NOT NEWTON' PASTIGEN OR CREMÖSEN MEANS

DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYADDUKTEN OF ALKYL OXIDES WITH A COMBINED LIQUID GAS AS WELL AS GAS LIQUID DISPERSION REACTOR

POLYPHASE GRADATIONS PASSIVE REACTOR

Process for the recovery of metals and hydrochloric acid

A method for recovering hydrochloric acid and metal oxides from a chloride liquor is described. The method comprises: providing a chloride liquor including the metal and mixing the liquor and a matrix solution to produce a reaction mixture, wherein the matrix solution assists oxidation / hydrolysis of the metal with HCl production. In a preferred embodiment the matrix solution comprises zinc chloride in various stages of hydration and an oxygen containing gas is added to the mix. Therefore, the present invention discloses a method where the improvement is the mixing of a liquor and a matrix solution where the solution assists hydrolysis of the metal with HCl production. The reactor is a column reactor in a preferred embodiment. The use of the matrix solution and a reactor for recovering hydrochloric acid and for oxidizing/hydrolysis of a metal is also disclosed.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIMETHYL ETHERS

Abstract The application relates to a system and a method for producing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (DMMn) using an aqueous formaldehyde solution s as the initial reaction material. The process system of the present invention includes a polymerization reaction unit, an acetalation unit, a product separation unit and a catalyst regeneration unit. The invention uses an aqueous formaldehyde solution as an initial reaction material, the formaldehyde utilizing rate is high, and the material is cheap and easy to be obtained. Both of the polymerization and the acetalation io reaction are conducted in the presence of an ionic liquid as a catalyst, which can achieve the effect that two different reactions may be catalyzed by the same ionic liquid. The present invention employs a simple catalyst system, and achieves the efficient separation of the catalyst, the byproduct water, the product and the reaction materials in a separation manner combining the extraction and the rectification. (Figure ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIMETHYL ETHERS

Abstract The application relates to a system and a method for producing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (DMMn) using an aqueous formaldehyde solution s as the initial reaction material. The process system of the present invention includes a polymerization reaction unit, an acetalation unit, a product separation unit and a catalyst regeneration unit. The invention uses an aqueous formaldehyde solution as an initial reaction material, the formaldehyde utilizing rate is high, and the material is cheap and easy to be obtained. Both of the polymerization and the acetalation io reaction are conducted in the presence of an ionic liquid as a catalyst, which can achieve the effect that two different reactions may be catalyzed by the same ionic liquid. The present invention employs a simple catalyst system, and achieves the efficient separation of the catalyst, the byproduct water, the product and the reaction materials in a separation manner combining the extraction and the rectification. (Figure ...

OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND USE THEREOF

Method of manufacturing a dry powder particle, a powder produced with said method, and an electrode and an apparatus for use in said method

Continuous process for making a non-newtonian paste or cream like material

RESIDUAL SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHOD AND MICROPARTICLES PRODUCED THEREBY

Methods for preparing microparticles having reduced residual solvent levels, Microparticles are contacted with a non-aqueous washing system to reduce the level of residual solvent in the microparticles, Preferred non-aqueous washing systems include 100% ethanol and a blend of ethanol and heptane. A solvent blend of a hardening solvent and a washing solvent can be used to harden and wash microparticles in a single step, thereby eliminating the need for a post- hardening wash step.

FORMATION OF DENSE CHLORINE HYDRATE

A method of forming chlorine hydrate is described which generally comprises, combining liquid chlorine with an aqueous liquid, and removing the heat of hydrate formation This method may also include the steps of mixing the liquid chlorine with the aqueous liquid, and cooling the chlorine hydrate to provide a pressure decrease. However, in accordance with the present invention, no refrigeration of the aqueous liquid is required, as the heat of formation may be released to a substantially room temperature environment.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING POLYMER SOLUTIONS

Apparatus and method for the on-site, continuous preparation of aqueous solutions of polymers, especially aqueous solutions of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, for use in secondary and tertiary oil recovery operations. The apparatus comprises a polymerization reactor and a post reactor. Successive batches of a pre-prepared reaction mixture are continuously fed into the polymerization reaction in a manner to form zones or layers in the reactor, each zone or layer comprising a reaction mixture which has reached a different stage or level of completion of the reaction than the zone or layer below and above it. The zones or layers are continuously moved through the polymerization reactor at a rate such that when a zone or layer reaches the outlet of the polymerization reactor, the reaction will have gone to substantial completion. The zones or layers are continuously conveyed from the polymerization reactor to the post reactor. Enroute to the post reactor, a polymer modifying agent is ...

PREPARATION OF POLYAMIDES BY CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION

URANIUM RECOVERY

Provided is a process for recovering uranium comprising (a) bringing a solution (I) into contact with a resin (I) to produce a mixture of a solution (II) and a resin (II), wherein the solution (I) is an aqueous solution that comprises 30 to 200 g/L sulfuric acid and that comprises 1 g/L to 50 g/L uranium, and wherein the resin (I) is a strong acid cation exchange resin, and (b) separating the solution (II) from the resin (II).

A LARGE SCALE METHOD FOR THE DEOXOFLUORINATION OF KETONES

A method for the deoxofluorination of a ketone for the production of a ge minal difluoride compound in an industrial scale comprising the following st eps: - preparing an educt mixture comprising a ketone and a dialkylaminosulf ur trifluoride, - letting flow the educt mixture into a reaction chamber of defined length, diameter and volume, with a flow path having a width perpend icular to the direction of the flow in the range of 1-10 mm, at a temperatur e of at least 75 °C up to 120 °C, preferably between 80 and 100 °C, to perfo rm the deoxofluorination reaction, said reaction chamber being continuously fed with the educt mixture, and obtaining a product mixture - quenching the product mixture with a basic aqueous solution in a cooled reservoir vessel.< /SDOAB> ...

USE OF FIBER FILM REACTORS TO EFFECT SEPARATION AND REACTION BETWEEN TWO IMMISCIBLE REACTION COMPONENTS

The present invention provides a fiber reaction process whereby reactive components contained in immiscible streams are brought into contact to effect chemical reactions and separations. The conduit reactor utilized contains wettable fibers into which one stream is substantially constrained and a second stream is flowed over to continuously create a new interface there between to efficiently bring about contact of the reactive species and thus promote reactions thereof or extractions thereby. Co-solvents and phase transfer catalysts may be employed to facilitate the process. The invention also provides for an apparatus comprising a conduit, a plurality of functionalized polymer fibers positioned within the conduit and a collection vessel.

SELF CLEANING REACTOR SYSTEM

This invention relates to a self cleaning reactor and to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene that employs a self-cleaning reactor. The reactor includes a mass of inert, particulate cleaning bodies that are entrained by the liquid in the reactor and scour the internal surfaces of the reactor during normal operation. This scouring action reduces the level of fouling on the reactor surfaces. Foulant material (polyethylene) is removed from the process on a continuous basis but the cleaning bodies remain within the reactor.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE

Provided is an apparatus for generating 1-methylcyclopropene. The apparatus of the present invention may enable the immediate and convenient generation of 1-methylcyclopropene in a desired location using stable 1-methylcyclopropene precursors.

MULTIPHASE STAGED PASSIVE REACTOR

A multi-phase staged passive reactor (10) for promoting interphasic interaction of a first substance in a liquid phase with a second substance in a non- miscible liquid phase, a solid phase or a gaseous phase. The reactor comprises a plurality of stages (C, D and E) which define a flow path for the substances in different phases. Each stage is shaped to define a substantially curved flow path (12) having a centre of curvature located to one side of the flow path (12). Thus, for example, stages (D) and (E) have a respective centre of curvature (14, 16), on opposite sides of the flow path (12) whereby, in use, as the substances flow through the reactor (10) particles of the second substance are forced to migrate through the first substance, first in one direction and then in substantially the reverse direction due to an inertial field of changing direction thus generated. Due to the differences in the relative densities of the respective phases, differential inertial forces are exerted on ...

IMPROVED REACTOR SYSTEM

A shell and tube heat exchanger reactor with forced circulation is used to improve heat and mass transfer for exothermic liquid-liquid, gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Enhanced productivity and selectivity are obtained.

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYADDUCTS OF ALKYLENE OXIDES WITH A COMBINED LIQUID-IN-GAS AND GAS-IN-LIQUID DISPERSION REACTOR

The present invention relates to apparatus for the semi-continuous polymerisation of monomers with the use of a chain initiator. This apparatus is characterised in that it comprises a reactor (1) arranged with its axis substantially vertical and defining a lower, frustoconical part (III), an upper atomisation part (I) and an intermediate part (II), the reactor (1) having monomer and initiator inlet apertures (8, 10, 20, 21) at least one outlet aperture (12), a recycling duct (15) connected at one end to the outlet aperture (12) and at the other end to the upper part (I) through at least one atomiser (9), and a stirrer (25). The apparatus according to the invention has the particular advantage of being usable for reactions with any type of chain initiator and catalyst, whether they are solid, liquid or in suspension. The apparatus according to the invention may also be used in situations where there is risk of damage to the catalyst if this is pumped and in situations where the product obtained ...

Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Durchführung chemischer oder physikalischer Prozesse

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von chemischen Reaktionen

Procédé de fabrication de composés organiques nitrés.

Verfahren zur Durchführung exothermer chemischer Reaktionen zwischen schwer mischbaren flüssigen Reaktionskomponenten.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Bis-2-hydroxyäthylterephthalat und -isophtalat oder deren Gemischen bzw. deren niederen Polymeren

Verfahren zum Isolieren von in einem organischen Lösungsmittel gelösten, organischen Verbindungen

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Umesterung von Dicarbonsäurealkylestern mit Diolen, insbesondere zur Umesterung von Dimethylterephthalat mit Äthylenglykol, und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Procedimento per effettuare con continuità ed in modo completo reazioni esotermiche tra un composto liquido ed un reagente non solido e impianto relativo

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Peressigsäure

Verfahren zur Herstellung von praktisch nitrationenfreien Metallsalzlösungen

Procédé et appareil de polycondensation continue pour la production des polyesters

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen in wässriger Lösung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Einrichtung zur Behandlung mindestens zweier sich unvollkommen miteinander mischender Flüssigkeiten

Procédé continu ou discontinu de production d'amines tertiaires aliphatiques par amination des halogénures d'alkyle

Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung von Alkylenoxiden

МОДУЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ДЕГАЗАЦИИ И ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ ФОРКОНДЕНСАТОВ С РЕАКЦИОННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИ ВЫСОКИМ СООТНОШЕНИЕМ МЕЖДУ ПЛОЩАДЬЮ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ПРОДУКТА И ЕГО ОБЪЁМОМ ПРИ ЩАДЯЩЕЙ ОБРАБОТКЕ ПРОДУКТА РЕАКЦИИ

В изобретении описано модульное устройство для непрерывной дегазации продуктов реакции карбоновой кислоты или дикарбоновых кислот с полифункциональным спиртом, которое может использоваться для получения форконденсатов (или же форполимеров) и в котором благодаря особой конструкции и особому расположению модульных днищ обеспечивается реакционно-технически высокое соотношение между площадью поверхности продукта и его объемом, при котором (соотношении) характеристическая вязкость продукта реакции составляет от 0,20 до 0,35 дл/г. Такое устройство имеет стандартизированную модульную конструкцию и состоит по меньшей мере из 3 модулей, которые обеспечивают небольшой перепад температур между массой продукта и теплоносителем и которыми являются загрузочный модуль для подачи продукта в реактор, нагреваемый кубовый модуль для сбора в нем и отбора из него продукта и головной модуль для сбора и выпуска выпара. Реактор при необходимости последующего повышения его производительности можно дооснащать неглубокими ...

PRODUCTION OF CARBAMIDO - AMMONIUM MIXTURE

СПОСОБ РЕАКЦИОННОЙ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ РАЗМЕРА ЧАСТИЦ

... 1. Способ синтеза и кристаллизации химического соединения путем осуществления соударения одной или более струй раствора первого реакционноспособного промежуточного соединения в первом растворителе с одной или более струями раствора второго реакционноспособного промежуточного соединения во втором растворителе с образованием турбулентности в точке соударения струй при таких температуре и давлении, которые обеспечивают взаимодействие указанных первого и второго реакционноспособных промежуточных соединений и получение кристаллов продукта, при этом первый и второй растворители выбирают так, чтобы указанный продукт имел ограниченную растворимость в смеси указанных первого и второго растворителей. 2. Способ по п.1, где одно из указанных реакционноспособных промежуточных соединений представляет собой основное промежуточное соединение, а другое промежуточное соединение представляет собой кислотное промежуточное соединение. 3. Способ по п.1, где одно из указанных реакционно-способных промежуточных ...

МЕТОД И УСТРОЙСТВО НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ПЕРЕЭТЕРИФИКАЦИИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ ТЕРЕФТАЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

Описывается способ непрерывной переэтерификации диметил- или диэтилтерефталата с этиленгликолем, пропиленгликолем или бутиленгликолем с присутствием катализатора переэтерификации, при котором смесь переэтерифицируемых исходных материалов подается в реактор, в котором она последовательно проходит через каналы или трубы реакции и при выходе с этой ступени подается соответственно на тарелку колонны. Там реакционная смесь подвергается массообмену и энергообмену вместе с протекающими ей навстречу испарениями последующих ступеней перед тем, как ее направят в каналы или трубы реакции следующей ступени и, в конце концов, заберут продукт переэтерификации из реактора.

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SUBSTANCES BY MENISCUS EVAPORATION

METHOD OF CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES, PRESENT IN LIQUID STI, AND ITS APPLICATION

Reactive Crystallization Method to Improve Particle Size

Reactor and use of such a reactor is alkylation reaction method

Use of fiber film reactors to effect separation and reaction between two immiscible reaction components

Method for the epoxidation of an olefin with hydrogen peroxide

Process and apparatus for continuous high temperature short-ime alkoxylation (ethoxylation, propoxylation) of chemical substances with active hydrogen atoms

Disclosed is a process for continuously reacting liquid alkylene oxide with a liquid substance comprising an organic compound with active hydrogen atoms and a catalyst in a reactor, wherein (1) the alkylene oxide is split before entering the reaction space into a first and a second part and, optionally, further parts, (2) said first part of alkylene oxide enters the reaction space of said reactor at a first location, (3) the liquid organic substance is supplied to the interior of said reactor at a second location downstream of said first location, (4) the liquid alkylene oxide enters the reactor at said first location over the entire-cross sectional area of the reaction space or gap at said location, (5) said second and, optionally, further parts of alkylene oxide are split off at said first location and are channeled from said first location to a third location and, when further parts of alkylene oxide are split off, to further locations in the reaction space or gap, through a separate ...

Nano particle synthesizing process

A method for producing organic nitrated compounds

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS

PROCEDE POUR LA FABRICATION EN CONTINU D'UN POLYMERE RETICULE

PROCEDE DE PRODUCTION EN CONTINU D'UN POLYMERE RETICULE COMPRENANT LES ETAPES D'INTRODUCTION EN CONTINU D'UNE SOLUTION AQUEUSE D'UN POLYMERE CAPABLE D'ETRE CONVERTI PAR POLYMERISATION EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE EN UN GEL DE POLYMERE RETICULE CONTENANT DE L'EAU ET D'UN INITIATEUR DE POLYMERISATION DANS UNE ENCEINTE EQUIPEE D'UNE PLURALITE D'ARBRES D'AGITATION ROTATIFS PARALLELES LES UNS AUX AUTRES ET EQUIPES CHACUN AVEC DES LAMES D'AGITATION, LE GEL DE POLYMERE CONTENANT DE L'EAU RETIRE DE LA POLYMERISATION EN COURS ETANT FINEMENT DIVISE PAR DES FORCES DE CISAILLEMENT GENEREES PAR LES LAMES D'AGITATION ENTRAINEES PAR LES ARBRES D'AGITATION, LA SOLUTION AQUEUSE DE POLYMERISATION RADICALAIRE ETANT AINSI AMENEE A SE POURSUIVRE SANS INTERRUPTION, LE GEL DE POLYMERE RESULTANT FINEMENT DIVISE ET CONTENANT DE L'EAU ETANT RETIRE EN CONTINU DE L'ENCEINTE DE REACTION.

Process and apparatus for the preparation continue phthalates of (a)-2-hydroxyéthyle

APPARATUS FOR CONTACTING AT LEAST TWO FLUID PHASES

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MIXTURE OF LIQUID COMPONENTS ENTERING IN CHEMICAL REACTION

Перемешиватель жидкостей

Полезная модель относится к устройствам для эффективного управления перемешиванием компонентов смеси и может быть применена в различных отраслях промышленности, где необходимо получить продукты с однородным распределением физических свойств. Перемешиватель жидкостей включает вращающийся контейнер цилиндрической формы и двигатель, выполненный с возможностью вращения контейнера. Контейнер выполнен с возможностью модулирования угловой скорости его вращения со временем по гармоническому закону. Угловая частота модуляции скорости ω, с-1, удовлетворяет условию ω<2Ω, где Ω - средняя угловая скорость вращения, с-1. Технический результат: упрощение устройства с обеспечением равномерного управляемого перемешивания жидкости во вращающемся контейнере за счет инерционных волн. 1 табл. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 208 677 U1 (51) МПК B01F 9/00 (2006.01) B01F 3/08 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01F 9/00 (2021.08); B01F 3/08 (2021.08); B01J 2219/00189 (2021.08); B01J 14/00 (2021.08); B01J 19/28 (2021.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020139226, 27.11.2020 27.11.2020 29.12.2021 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 27.11.2020 (45) Опубликовано: 29.12.2021 Бюл. № 1 2 0 8 6 7 7 R U (54) ПЕРЕМЕШИВАТЕЛЬ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к устройствам для эффективного управления перемешиванием компонентов смеси и может быть применена в различных отраслях промышленности, где необходимо получить продукты с однородным распределением физических свойств. Перемешиватель жидкостей включает вращающийся контейнер цилиндрической формы и двигатель, выполненный с возможностью вращения контейнера. Контейнер выполнен с Стр.: 1 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2471547 C2, 10.01.2013. SU 1046106 A1, 07.10.1983. SU 803958 A1, 15.02.1981. RU 2598454 C1, 27.09.2016. RU 2488433 C2, 27.07.2013. GB 1220215 A, 20.01.1971. EP 0005924 A1, 12.12.1979. возможностью модулирования угловой ...

Method and apparatus for preparing hydroxymethylfurfural

In an embodiment of the invention, an apparatus for preparing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is provided. The apparatus includes a reaction area including a first organic layer including sugar and a solvent and a second organic layer including a solvent mixture with azeotropy and extractability, a boiling area including a mixing solution formed by the hydroxymethylfurfural and the solvent mixture, connected with the reaction area, and a distilling area including water and a liquid layer including the solvent mixture, connected to the reaction area. In another embodiment of the invention, a method for preparing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is provided.

System for producing l-homophenylalanine and a process for producing l-homophenylalanine

The present invention relates to a system ( 10 ) for producing L-homophenylalanine and a process for producing L-homophenylalanine using the system ( 10 ). The system ( 10 ) and the process include monitoring and controlling of the reaction conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) to desired or predetermined values. The monitoring, adjusting and agitating steps provided by the method thereby result in a more complete conversion of the available substrate and produce a sufficient yield of homophenylalanine.

Drug Delivery Systems and Use Thereof

The invention provides a microsphere formulation for the sustained delivery of an aptamer, for example, an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor aptamer, to a preselected locus in a mammal, such as the eye. In addition, the invention provides methods for making such formulations, and methods of using such formulations to deliver an aptamer to a preselected locus in a mammal. In particular, the invention provides a method for delivering the aptamer to an eye for the treatment of an ocular disorder, for example, age-related macular degeneration.

DEVICE FOR PREPARING INORGANIC COMPOUND AND METHOD FOR PREPARING INORGANIC COMPOUND USING THE SAME

Disclosed is a device for continuously preparing an inorganic slurry by a hydrothermal method including a precursor liquid or slurry stream containing a precursor for preparing an inorganic substance, a supercritical liquid stream containing high-temperature and high-pressure water, and a reactor into which the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream are injected, and from which an inorganic slurry obtained as a reaction product of hydrothermal reaction between the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream is continuously discharged, wherein an injection direction of the precursor liquid or slurry stream forms an angle of 0 to 60 degrees with respect to a discharge direction of an inorganic slurry stream (inorganic substance stream) containing the inorganic slurry in the reactor. 1. A device for continuously preparing an inorganic slurry by a hydrothermal method (referred to as “hydrothermal synthesis device”) , the device comprising:a precursor liquid or slurry stream containing a precursor for preparing an inorganic substance;a supercritical liquid stream containing high-temperature and high-pressure water; anda reactor into which the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream are injected, and from which an inorganic slurry obtained as a reaction product of hydrothermal reaction between the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream is continuously discharged,wherein an injection direction of the precursor liquid or slurry stream forms an angle of 0 to 60 degrees with respect to a discharge direction of an inorganic slurry stream (inorganic substance stream) containing the inorganic slurry in the reactor.2. The hydrothermal synthesis device according to claim 1 , wherein the injection direction of the precursor liquid or slurry stream forms an angle of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to the discharge direction of the inorganic slurry stream containing the ...

APPARATUS FOR THE REDUCTION OF GASOLINE BENZENE CONTENT BY ALKYLATION WITH DILUTE ETHYLENE

The apparatus converts ethylene in a dilute ethylene stream and dilute benzene in an aromatic containing stream via alkylation to heavier hydrocarbons. The catalyst may be a zeolite such as UZM-8. The catalyst is resistant to feed impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxides, and hydrogen and selectively converts benzene. At least 40 wt-% of the ethylene in the dilute ethylene stream and at least 20 wt-% of the benzene in the dilute benzene stream can be converted to heavier hydrocarbons. 1. An apparatus for alkylating benzene with ethylene comprising:a fluid catalytic cracking reactor for contacting cracking catalyst with a hydrocarbon feed stream to crack the hydrocarbon feed to cracked products having lower molecular weight and deposit coke on the cracking catalyst to provide coked cracking catalyst;a regenerator for combusting coke from said coked cracking catalyst by contact with oxygen;{'sub': 3', '2, 'a separator in communication with said fluid catalytic cracking reactor for separating Chydrocarbons from Chydrocarbons to provide a dilute ethylene stream;'}a reforming reactor for contacting a naphtha stream with reforming catalyst to produce a reformate stream; andan alkylation reactor in communication with said separator and said reforming reactor for alkylating benzene in said reformate stream with ethylene in said dilute ethylene stream over a fixed bed of alkylation catalyst to heavier alkyl benzene hydrocarbons, wherein no fractionation column is in communication between said separator and said alkylation reactor.2. The apparatus of wherein said separator is a secondary absorber and further comprising a primary absorber in communication with said secondary absorber for providing a secondary off-gas stream comprising said dilute ethylene stream and said alkylation reactor is in communication with said secondary absorber.3. The apparatus of wherein no fractionation column is in communication between said reforming reactor and said alkylation reactor. ...

Highly efficient method for producing ceramic microparticles

Provided is a more suitable method for producing ceramic microparticles. The present invention uses at least two types of fluids to be processed; at least one of the fluids to be processed is a fluid containing a ceramic starting material liquid that mixes and/or dissolves a ceramic starting material in a basic solvent; of the fluids aside from the ceramic starting material liquid, at least one of the fluids to be processed is a fluid containing a solvent for precipitating ceramic microparticles; and ceramic microparticles are precipitated by mixing the fluid containing the ceramic starting material liquid and the fluid containing the solvent for precipitating ceramic microparticles within a thin film fluid formed between at least two surfaces ( 1,2 ) for processing that are provided facing each other, are able to approach and separate each other, and of which one is able to rotate with respect to the other. Ceramic microparticles having as increased crystallinity are obtained by mixing the fluid containing the precipitated ceramic microparticles precipitate and a fluid containing an acidic substance.

HYRDROGEN GENERATOR FOR FUEL CELLS

The invention relates to a hydrogen generator for fuel cells based on silanes. A process for supplying a fuel cell with hydrogen includes the steps: intermediate storage of (poly)silanes or (poly)silane solutions; transfer of the (poly)silanes to a reaction chamber; reaction or hydrolysis of the silanes or silane solutions in the reaction chamber with an aqueous solution to liberate H2; removal of the solid and/or liquid reaction products from the reaction chamber; transfer of the H2 formed to the fuel cell. 1. A hydrogen generator for fuel cells comprising:an intermediate storage facility for solutions selected from the group consisting of fluid silanes, silane solutions and polysilane solutions;an intermediate storage facility for an aqueous solution;a reaction chamber having at least two fluid inlet pipes coming from the intermediate storage facilities; and{'sub': '2', 'a separating device for separating Hgas from conversion products.'}2. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction chamber contains a device for mixing a solution selected from the group consisting of fluid silane or silane solution with the aqueous solution.3. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , characterized in that the intermediate storage facility has an inlet pipe for the water which is generated as conversion water in the fuel cell. This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/364,001, filed on Feb. 2, 2009 and titled “PROCESS FOR SUPPLYING A FUEL CELL WITH HYDROGEN BY MEANS OF SILANES OR POLYSILANES”, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2007/006855 filed on Aug. 2, 2007, which claims the benefit of DE 10 2006 036 227.6, filed Aug. 3, 2006 and DE 10 2006 039 869.6, filed Aug. 25, 2006. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.The invention concerns a process for supplying a fuel cell with hydrogen, wherein solutions storable in liquid or solid form, ...

Apparatus for generating 1-methylcyclopropene

Provided is an apparatus for generating 1-methylcyclopropene. The apparatus of the present invention may enable the immediate and convenient generation of 1-methylcyclopropene in a desired location using stable 1-methylcyclopropene precursors.

SOLUTION PHASE POLYDIACETYLENE SYNTHESIS BY ALKYNE METATHESIS

The present disclosure provides compositions for alkyne metathesis catalysts and methods for preparing enediynes and alkyne metathesis catalysts. The disclosure also provides methods for catalyzing alkyne metathesis reactions and polymerization of enediyne substrates to polydiacetylenes in solution-phase. 2. (canceled)3. The chemical compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris a methyl group claim 1 , an ethyl group claim 1 , a propyl group claim 1 , a n-butyl group claim 1 , an iso-butyl group claim 1 , a pentyl group claim 1 , a hexyl group claim 1 , a heptyl claim 1 , or an octyl group.45-. (canceled)6. The chemical compound of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoroalkyl phenol is perfluorohexyl phenol claim 1 , perfluorooctyl phenol claim 1 , perfluoropentyl phenol claim 1 , perfluorooctyl n-propyl phenol claim 1 , perfluorododecyl phenol claim 1 , or perfluoromethyldecyl phenol.7. The chemical compound of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoroalkyl phenol is 4-perfluorooctyl phenol claim 1 , 4-perfluorododecyl phenol claim 1 , 4-perfluorohexyl phenol claim 1 , or a combination thereof.8. A method for preparing a catalyst claim 1 , the method comprising:heating a reaction mixture comprising a transition metal compound, a perfluoroalkyl phenol, and an alkyne in a reaction vessel; andremoving the alkyne by purging with an inert gas.910-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the transition metal compound is Mo(CO)or W(CO).13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the perfluoroalkyl phenol is perfluorohexyl phenol claim 8 , perfluorooctyl phenol claim 8 , perfluoropentyl phenol claim 8 , perfluorooctyl n-propyl phenol claim 8 , perfluorododecyl phenol or perfluoromethyldecyl phenol.14. (canceled)15. The method of claim 8 , wherein the alkyne is 2-butyne or 2-pentyne.16. The method of claim 8 , wherein heating the reaction mixture comprises mixing the transition metal compound claim 8 , the perfluoroalkyl phenol claim 8 , and the alkyne in a molar ratio of about 0.1:1:1 to about 0.25:5: ...

LUMINOPHORES AND CORE-SHELL LUMINOPHORE PRECURSORS

A novel type of green luminophore containing mixed rare-earth phosphates is produced from precursor particles having a mean diameter ranging from 1.5 to 15 microns; such particles have an inorganic core and a shell of a mixed lanthanum and/or cerium phosphate, optionally doped with terbium, evenly covering the inorganic core with a thickness greater than or equal to 300 nm. 130.-. (canceled)31. A phosphor precursor (P) comprising particles having an average diameter ranging from 1.5 to 15 microns , the particles comprising:a mineral core based on a non-phosphor mineral material; anda shell based on a mixed phosphate of lanthanum and/or cerium, optionally doped with terbium, homogeneously covering the mineral core over a thickness greater than or equal to 300 nm.32. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the shell has a thickness from 0.3 to 1 micron.33. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on a phosphate or a mineral oxide.34. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 33 , wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on a rare earth phosphate or a mineral oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of zirconium claim 33 , zinc claim 33 , titanium claim 33 , aluminium and rare-earth metals.35. The phosphor precursor as defined by wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on a yttrium claim 34 , gadolinium or cerium oxide.39. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the particles have a dispersion index of less than 0.6.40. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the mineral core has a specific surface area of at most 1 m/g.41. The phosphor precursor as defined by wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on silica claim 31 , a silicate claim 31 , an aluminate claim 31 , a borate or a titanate.42. The phosphor precursor as defined by wherein the mineral core of the particles has been densified by using the technique of ...

Method and Device for the Continuous Production of Polymers by Radical Polymerization

The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a polymer by radical polymerization, wherein at least three materials are mixed with microstructures in one or more mixers and are then polymerized in at least one reaction zone. 1. An apparatus for continuously preparing polymers , comprisinga) at least two reservoir vessels for liquid starting materials,b) one feed each for the liquid streams from the at least two reservoir vessels,c) one or more mixers connected in series, to which the liquid streams are supplied and in which they are mixed to obtain a reaction mixture, at least the last mixer in flow direction before entry into the reaction zone(s) being equipped with microstructures,d) at least one microstructured reaction zone, ande) a discharge vessel which may be equipped with one or more addition and/or mixing devices.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , comprisinga) at least three reservoir vessels for liquid starting materials,b) one feed each for the liquid streams from the at least three reservoir vessels,c) one or more mixers connected in series, to which the liquid streams are supplied and in which they are mixed to obtain a reaction mixture, at least the last mixer in flow direction before entry into the reaction zone(s) being equipped with microstructures,d) at least one reaction zone, ande) a discharge vessel which may be equipped with one or more addition and/or mixing devices.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein at least one microstructured reaction zone is used.4. The apparatus according to which comprises two reaction zones.5. The apparatus according to which comprises two reaction zones.6. The apparatus according to which has at least one further feed for a liquid stream which is arranged in the course of a reaction zone or downstream of a reaction zone.7. The apparatus according to which has at least one further feed for a liquid stream which is arranged in the course of a reaction zone or downstream of a ...

UREA AMMONIUM NITRATE PRODUCTION

The invention relates to a process for the production of urea ammonium nitrate, a system and a method of modifying a plant. The process comprises treating ammonia-containing off-gas resulting from the production of ammonium nitrate (AN off-gas) with acidic scrubbing liquid in a finishing treatment section having a gas inlet in fluid communication with a gas outlet of a finishing section of a urea production unit, wherein the finishing section is adapted to solidify urea liquid, and wherein said finishing treatment section is adapted to subject ammonia-containing off-gas of the finishing section to treatment with an acidic scrubbing liquid. 1. A process for the production of urea ammonium nitrate comprising(a) subjecting ammonia and carbon dioxide to urea forming conditions so as to obtain an aqueous urea solution,(b) purifying the aqueous urea solution in a recovery section to remove residual ammonium carbamate so as to form a purified aqueous urea solution, and optionally subjecting at least part of the purified aqueous urea solution to evaporation so as to form concentrated urea liquid,(c) subjecting ammonia and nitric acid to ammonium nitrate forming conditions so as to form an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution;(d) combining said aqueous ammonium nitrate solution and at least a part of the purified aqueous urea solution and/or concentrated urea liquid in a urea ammonium nitrate section so as to obtain an aqueous solution of urea ammonium nitrate;(e) treating ammonia-containing off-gas resulting from the production of ammonium nitrate (AN off-gas) with acidic scrubbing liquid in a finishing treatment section having a gas inlet in fluid communication with a gas outlet of a finishing section of a urea production unit, wherein the finishing section is adapted to solidify urea liquid, and wherein said finishing treatment section is adapted to subject ammonia-containing off-gas of the finishing section to treatment with an acidic scrubbing liquid.2. A process according ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING KETOMALONIC ACID COMPOUND USING FLOW REACTOR

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously producing a ketomalonic acid compound such as a ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof, which is an industrially useful compound, on an industrial scale and in a safe and steady manner. The present invention relates to: a method in which a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound and a chlorous acid compound are used as raw material compounds, and these raw material compounds are mixed together to prepare a mixture and the mixture is supplied to a flow reactor continuously, thereby continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof; and a continuous production apparatus for performing the method. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the chlorous acid compound is supplied as an aqueous solution of a chlorous acid compound.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the malonic acid diester or a mixture of the malonic acid diester and the carboxylic acid compound is supplied in the absence of a solvent.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flow reactor(s) are one or two or more tubular flow reactors.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flow reactor(s) are provided with a temperature control part configured to control a temperature.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature control part provided to the flow reactor(s) is a bath and a temperature of the bath is 80° C. or higher.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprising:(D) a process of further aging the reaction mixture obtained in the process of reacting the mixture in addition to the processes of said (A) to (C).8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the aging process (D) is performed in one or two or more second flow reactors.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprising:(E) a process of quenching the reaction by mixing a quench liquid in addition to the processes of said (A) to (C) or the ...

Decomposition mediation in chlorine dioxide generation systems through sound detection and control

A method of controlling a chemical reaction is disclosed. The method may include feeding a solution at a first flow rate into a reactor and detecting a sound in the reactor using a sound sensor that is adjacent to the reactor. The sound sensor may convert the sound into a sound signal. After the sound signal is acquired, it is compared to a stored sound signal or a stored sound threshold to detect a reaction event. The method may include adjusting the flow rate of solutions into the reactor in response to the reaction event.

WATER TEMPERATURE AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING KINETICS OF ONSITE GENERATED PERACIDS

Methods and systems for temperature-controlled, on-site generation of peracids, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are disclosed. In particular, methods for using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system overcome the limitations of temperature on the kinetics of the peracid generation and/or peracid decomposition inside an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system. The methods include the controlling of the temperature of at least one raw starting material, namely water, to improve upon methods of on-site generation of peracids. The methods allow for the generation of user-selected chemistry without regard to the ambient temperatures of the raw starting materials and/or the biocide formulator or generator system. 1. A method for peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition generation or peroxycarboxylic acid generation comprising:inputting a user-desired or system-controlled volume or mass of a peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition or peroxycarboxylic acid into a control software for on-site generation; andcombining one or more esters of a polyhydric alcohol and a C1 to C18 carboxylic acid, a source of alkalinity and an oxidizing agent at an alkaline pH of at least about 12 in an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system, wherein said system is an apparatus that is insensitive to environmental temperatures of the location of the apparatus and/or reagents comprising a reaction vessel, a series of feed pumps, an outlet for dosing the peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition or the peroxycarboxylic acid from said reaction vessel and a controller for a user- or system-inputted selection device; andgenerating the peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition or peroxycarboxylic acid;wherein said temperature insensitivity to the environmental temperatures of the location of the apparatus and/or reagents is controlled by a mechanism for maintaining a controlled temperature of said reaction vessel and/or ...

Method And Apparatus For Monitoring And Controlling Exothermic And Endothermic Chemical Reactions

A method of controlling an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction is provided. The method involves measuring a temperature of a first reactant flowing at a first flow rate, contacting the first reactant with a second reactant flowing at a second flow rate to form a reaction product, measuring the temperature of the reaction product, and determining the temperature difference between the temperature of the first reactant and the temperature of the reaction product. The method can further involve adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the first reactant and the second reactant, or shutting down flow, based on the temperature difference. An apparatus to carry out the method is also provided. The method and apparatus can be useful in controlling many different reactions, including the reaction of sodium hypochlorite and ammonia to form monochloramine.

Chemical synthesis device

An aspect of a chemical synthesis device according to the invention includes a substrate in which a channel for chemically synthesizing a plurality of fluids with each other is formed, and a wiring portion that is provided in the substrate, in which an electric resistance value of the wiring portion changes due to the wiring portion coming into contact with the fluids.

Device for Producing Particles and Method for Producing Particles

A method of producing particles by bringing plural dissimilar materials A and B into contact with each other includes feeding a liquid into a reactor from a first end portion of the reactor such that the liquid flows along the inner peripheral surface of the reactor and generating a vortex flow toward a second end portion in the reactor by the feed of the liquid; disposing a flow-assisting blade capable of rotating around the central axis line in the reactor and rotating the flow-assisting blade; and injecting materials to be contacted A and B into the reactor, discharging a contacted liquid from the second end portion of the reactor, and generating the particles in the contacted liquid. 1. A method of producing particles by bringing plural dissimilar materials into contact with each other , the method comprising:feeding a liquid into a reactor from a first end portion of the reactor such that the liquid flows along the inner peripheral surface of the reactor and generating a vortex flow toward a second end portion in the reactor by the feed of the liquid;disposing a flow-assisting blade capable of rotating around the central axis line in the reactor and rotating the flow-assisting blade; andinjecting materials to be contacted into the reactor, discharging a contacted liquid from the second end portion of the reactor, and generating particles in the contacted liquid.2. The method of producing particles according to claim 1 , wherein all or part of the contacted liquid discharged from the second end portion of the reactor is fed into the reactor from the first end portion of the reactor such that the liquid flows along the inner peripheral surface of the reactor.3. The method of producing particles according to claim 2 , wherein part of the contacted liquid is extracted from a circulation system that transfers the contacted liquid discharged from the second end portion of the reactor to the first end portion of the reactor claim 2 , and the particles are recovered by ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIALKYL ETHERS

A reaction system and method for producing polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers (RO(CHO)R, n=1-8) by continuous acetalation of formaldehyde and aliphatic alcohol in the presence of an acid ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction system includes an acetalation reaction unit, a product separation unit, and a catalyst regeneration unit. The recyclable material and catalyst are separated by combining extraction and rectification, and a recovery rate of more than 99% for the catalyst is achieved. Water, as the byproduct, is separated from the reaction system by destroying the azeotrope of water, alcohol, aldehyde, and RO(CHO)R, so that the product separation and catalyst regeneration are facilitated and the catalytic cycle is achieved. 1. A reaction system for continuously producing polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers , comprising:an acetalation reaction unit, comprising a single or multi-stage reactor and a heat exchanger, wherein the reactor is in flow communication with the heat exchanger, and a reaction solution circulates between the reactor and the heat exchanger; an acetalation reaction of formaldehyde and aliphatic alcohol is continuously conducted by using an acid ionic liquid as a catalyst in the reactor;{'sub': 2', '3-8', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'a product separation unit, comprising an extraction column and a single or multi-stage rectification column connected to each other in series, wherein a light phase and a heavy phase are extracted from a reactor effluent discharged from the acetalation reaction unit by using an extractant in the product separation unit; the light phase is a product phase containing the recyclable materials, the extractant, and the products RO(CHO)R wherein R is CH, CHCH, CHCHCH, or CH(CH); and the heavy phase is an aqueous catalyst solution; and'}a catalyst regeneration unit, comprising a film separator, wherein the catalyst regeneration unit receives the heavy phase separated from the product separation system, and the catalyst in ...

METHOD FOR THE EPOXIDATION OF AN OLEFIN WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Epoxidation of an olefin is carried out by continuously reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a homogeneous epoxidation catalyst in a reaction mixture comprising an aqueous liquid phase and an organic liquid phase, using a loop reactor with mixing of the liquid phases. The loop reactor comprises a measuring section in which the liquid phases are temporarily separated, at least one pH electrode is arranged in the measuring section in contact with the separated aqueous phase, a pH of the separated aqueous phase is determined with the pH electrode and the pH is maintained in a predetermined range by adding acid or base to the loop reactor. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for the epoxidation of an olefin , comprising continuously reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a homogeneous epoxidation catalyst , wherein: i) a measuring section in which the liquid phases are temporarily separated into a separated aqueous phase and a separated organic phase;', 'ii) at least one pH electrode in said measuring section in contact with the separated aqueous phase;, 'a) the reaction is carried out in a reaction mixture comprising an aqueous liquid phase and an organic liquid phase using a loop reactor with mixing of the liquid phases, wherein the loop reactor comprisesb) a pH of the separated aqueous phase is determined with said pH electrode and said pH is maintained in a predetermined range by adding acid or base to the loop reactor.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the liquid phases are temporarily separated by lowering the flow rate.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the flow rate is lowered in the measuring section by enlarging the flow cross section.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the measuring section is located in a side stream to the loop reactor.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein a valve is used for lowering the flow rate or temporarily stopping the flow in the measuring section.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein at ...

CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF TRAZODONE

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of trazodone. In particular, the present invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of trazodone. More in particular, the present invention relates to a new method for the preparation of trazodone, said method comprising at least one step consisting of a continuous process performed in a flow reactor. 2: The continuous process according to claim 1 , comprising:(i) continuously feeding a first channel of a flow reactor with an aqueous solution of s-triazolo-[4,3-a]-pyridin-3-one (III) and at least one basic compound;(ii) continuously feeding a second channel of said flow reactor with an organic solution of N-(3-chlorophenyl)-N′-(3-chloropropyl)-piperazine (II) in at least one organic solvent;(iii) continuously reacting said s-triazolo-[4,3-a]-pyridin-3-one (III) with said N-(3-chlorophenyl)-N′-(3-chloropropyl)-piperazine (II) by continuously mixing said alkaline aqueous solution and said organic solution in said flow reactor, at a temperature of at least 90° C.; and(iv) continuously collecting said reaction mixture from said flow reactor, and isolating the obtained product trazodone base (IV).3: The process according to claim 1 , wherein trazodone base (IV) is obtained with a conversion yield of at least 70% by HPLC.4: The process according to claim 1 , wherein trazodone base (IV) has a purity of at least 90% by HPLC.5. (canceled)6: The process according to claim 2 , wherein the temperature of said continuously reacting iii) is from 130° C. to 160° C.7: The process according to claim 2 , wherein said basic compound in said continuously feeding a first channel i) is an inorganic base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide claim 2 , potassium hydroxide claim 2 , sodium hydride claim 2 , sodium amide claim 2 , sodium carbonate claim 2 , potassium carbonate claim 2 , sodium bicarbonate claim 2 , potassium bicarbonate claim 2 , sodium phosphate claim 2 , potassium ...

HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE INTEGRATED OLEFIN HYDRATION PROCESS

A membrane-integrated hydration reactor that is operable to produce an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water includes a solid acid olefin hydration catalyst in a production zone and a hydrophilic membrane operable to selectively permit pervaporation of water one-way and not permit pervaporation of the associated alcohol or permeation of the olefin at olefin hydration process conditions in a separations zone. The production zone is operable to form a production zone product mixture made of the associated alcohol and any unreacted water. The associated separations zone is operable to form and produce both the associated alcohol product and a pervaporated water product from the production zone product mixture. A method of olefin hydration for forming an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water uses the membrane-integrated hydration reactor at olefin hydration process conditions. 1. A membrane-integrated hydration reactor operable to produce an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water , the membrane-integrated hydration reactor comprising:a solid acid olefin hydration catalyst operable to convert the olefin into an associated alcohol using water at olefin hydration process conditions;a hydrophilic membrane having a feed side and a permeate side, operable to selectively pervaporate water one-way from the feed side to the permeate side at olefin hydration process conditions, forming a pervaporated water product, and to prevent the pervaporation of associated alcohol and permeation of the olefin at olefin hydration conditions;a production zone containing the solid acid olefin hydration catalyst, operable to both receive an olefin feed containing the olefin and a water feed containing the water such that the olefin and the water intimately intermingle in the presence of the solid acid olefin hydration catalyst contained in the production zone and to form a production zone product mixture comprising the associated alcohol and any ...

Methods and systems for ammonia production

A method for ammonia synthesis using a water-gas shift membrane reactor (WGSMR) is presented. The method includes carrying out a water-gas shift reaction in the WGSMR to form a first product stream and a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) stream, wherein the first product stream includes nitrogen (N 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ), and a molar ratio of H 2 to N 2 in the first product stream is about 3. The method further includes separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 in the first product stream in a CO 2 separation unit to form a second product stream, and separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) in the second product stream in a methanator unit to form a third product stream. The method further includes generating an ammonia stream from the third product stream in an ammonia synthesis unit. A system for ammonia synthesis is also presented.

HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE INTEGRATED OLEFIN HYDRATION PROCESS

A membrane-integrated hydration reactor that is operable to produce an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water includes a solid acid olefin hydration catalyst in a production zone and a hydrophilic membrane operable to selectively permit pervaporation of water one-way and not permit pervaporation of the associated alcohol or permeation of the olefin at olefin hydration process conditions in a separations zone. The production zone is operable to form a production zone product mixture made of the associated alcohol and any unreacted water. The associated separations zone is operable to form and produce both the associated alcohol product and a pervaporated water product from the production zone product mixture. A method of olefin hydration for forming an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water uses the membrane-integrated hydration reactor at olefin hydration process conditions. 1. A method of olefin hydration in a membrane-integrated hydration reactor of any of the previous claims , the method of olefin hydration comprising the steps of:introducing an olefin feed composition into the production zone of the membrane-integrated hydration reactor, where the olefin feed composition comprises at least one isomer of butene,introducing water into the production zone of the membrane-integrated hydration reactor,operating the membrane-integrated hydration reactor at olefin hydration process conditions such that the associated alcohol forms from the olefin feed composition using water in the presence of a solid acid olefin hydration catalyst in the production zone, the production zone product mixture forms from the mixing of the associated alcohol and any unreacted water in the production zone, the production zone product mixture passes from the production zone to the associated separations zone, and the associated separations zone selectively removes any unreacted water from the production zone product mixture, forming both the associated alcohol ...

SUGAR ESTER PERACID ON SITE GENERATOR AND FORMULATOR

Methods and systems for on-site generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed. 1. An adjustable biocide formulator or generator system for on-site peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition generation comprising:an apparatus comprising at least one reaction vessel, a series of feed pumps and an outlet for dosing a peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition from said reaction vessel;wherein said feed pumps are in fluid connection with said reaction vessel and supply reagents to produce said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition in said reaction vessel;wherein said reagents comprise an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a C1 to C18 carboxylic acid, a source of alkalinity, a catalyst, and an oxidizing agent;wherein said reaction vessel is in fluid connection with said outlet to dispense said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition; andwherein said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition is an individual or mixed peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition according to a user- or system-inputted selection.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the source of alkalinity is sodium hydroxide claim 1 , and wherein said sodium hydroxide is provided to said reaction vessel prior to the addition of said ester in a solution that is less than about 20 wt-% sodium hydroxide on an actives basis.3. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one measurement device claim 1 , wherein said measurement device measures one or more reaction kinetics or system operations for said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition generation selected from the group consisting ...

Systems and Methods for the Continuous On-Site Production of Peroxycarboxcylic Acid Solutions

Methods and systems for on-site production of peroxycarboxcylic acid compositions, and in particular, nonequilibrium compositions of peracetic acid (PAA) enable the economical and safe production of PAA on-demand at the point of use. The methods and systems control flow rates and proportions of feedstocks/reactants, perform the required sequence of reaction steps to produce high yield peroxycarboxcylic acid solutions in a continuous manner, and provide optimal reaction time and reactant mixing for continuous and safe on-site production. 1. A method for the continuous production of non-equilibrium peracetic acid solutions containing biocidal concentrations of peroxycarboxylic acids , the method comprising:providing a source of hydrogen peroxide having an initial pH of less than 7.0;diluting the hydrogen peroxide with water to create a diluted solution having a concentration which is less than 10% weight/volume;adding an alkali metal hydroxide to the diluted solution to adjust the pH to a pH in a range of approximately 10.0 to approximately 13.5;reacting the diluted solution with an O-acetyl or N-acetyl donor;vigorously mixing the solution.2. The method of further including the step of controlling the stoichiometry of the peroxide component with respect to the acetyl donor to bias the reaction in favor of either producing peracetic acid or producing a solution having a specified remaining concentration of peroxide.3. The method of wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.4. The method of wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide.5. The method of wherein the O-acetyl donor is triacetin.6. The method of wherein the step of mixing the solution includes producing a turbulent flow having high shear within the solution and having a Reynolds number of 500 or greater.7. The method of including the step of vigorously mixing the solution following the diluting step.8. The method of further including the step of vigorously mixing the solution ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 1. A system for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction , the system comprising:a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; anda recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the collector comprises an electrostatic precipitator.4. The system according to claim 3 , ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PREPARING NANO ZINC OXIDE WITH MEMBRANE REACTOR

The present invention relaters to a method for continuously preparing a nano zinc oxide with a membrane reactor. A zinc salt solution and a precipitator solution required for the preparation of a zinc oxide are respectively used as dispersion phases, and under the action of a certain pressure, the two reaction solutions respectively penetrate through a membrane tube at a certain rate and disperse quickly under the action of a shear force and react, producing a precursor precipitate. A precursor suspension penetrates through the membrane tube continuously and circularly after being pressurized by a pump, and at the same time, deionized water as a washing fluid is added to a suspension storage tank, wherein impurity ions penetrate through membrane pores and are discharged along with the liquid medium; after the concentration of the impurity ions meets requirements, the concentrated solution is discharged continuously and then spray-dried to obtain a basic zinc carbonate precursor powder. The basic zinc carbonate powder is calcined under certain conditions to obtain the nanostructured zinc oxide powder. The continuous preparation and washing of a powder can be achieved by coupling a membrane washing technique with a membrane dispersion technique. The procedure is simple, the structure of zinc oxide is easy to control and the yield is high. 1. A method for continuously preparing nano zinc oxide with membrane reactor; the specific steps are as follows: zinc salt solution and precipitator solution are put into the reactor membrane tube for dispersion via metering pump at a certain charging ratio and disperse to the reactor from membrane tube by stirring; with the temperature of reactor controlled , the dispersed droplets are uniformly mixed for nucleation and reaction in the reactor to produce suspension solution containing solid which is pumped from the reactor to the storage tank; the suspension solution containing solid inside the storage tank flows through the washing ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARING VANADIUM BATTERY HIGH-PURITY ELECTROLYTE

A system and method for preparing a vanadium battery high-purity electrolyte, comprising preparing a low-valence vanadium oxide with a valence of 3.5 with liquid phase hydrolysis and fluidization reduction with vanadium oxytrichioride, adding clean water and sulfuric acid for dissolution, and further performing ultraviolet activation to obtain the vanadium electrolyte, for use in an all-vanadium redox flow battery stack. The high-temperature tail gas in the reduction fluidized bed is combusted for preheating the vanadium powder material, to recover the sensible heat and latent heat of the high-temperature tail gas, and the sensible heat of the reduction product is recovered through heat transfer between the reduction product and the fluidized nitrogen gas. An internal member is arranged in the reduction fluidized bed to realize the precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product, and ultraviolet is used to activate the vanadium ions, improving the activity of the electrolyte. 14. A system for preparing a vanadium battery high-purity electrolyte , comprising a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , a liquid phase hydrolysis device , a vanadium pentoxide feeding device , a preheating system () , a reduction fluidized bed , a combustion chamber , a cooling system , a secondary cooling system , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , a dissolution reactor and an activation device;wherein the liquid phase hydrolysis device comprises a liquid phase hydrolysis reaction tank and a washing filter;the vanadium pentoxide feeding device comprises a vanadium pentoxide hopper and a vanadium pentoxide screw feeder;the preheating system comprises a venturi preheater, a primary cyclone preheater, a secondary cyclone preheater and a bag-type dust collector;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a feeder, a bed body, a discharger, a gas heater, a gas purifier and a first cyclone separator;the cooling system comprises a venturi cooler, a cyclone cooler and a ...

A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-PURITY AND HIGH-ACTIVITY VANADIUM ELECTROLYTE

A system and method for producing a high-purity and high-activity vanadium electrolyte, comprising converting high-purity vanadium oxytrichloride into an ammonium salt in a fluidized bed by gas phase ammoniation, then in another fluidized bed, reducing the ammonium salt into a low-valence vanadium oxide having an average vanadium valence of 3.5, adding clean water and sulfuric acid for dissolution, and further performing activation by ultrasound to obtain a 3.5-valence vanadium electrolyte which can be directly used in a new all-vanadium redox flow battery stack. The method of producing an ammonium salt containing vanadium in the fluidized bed by gas phase ammoniation is of short process and high efficiency. Precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product is implemented by arranging an internal member in the reduction fluidized bed, and ultrasonication is used to activate the vanadium ion, thereby greatly improving the activity of the electrolyte. 1. A system for producing a high-purity and high-activity vanadium electrolyte , comprising a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , a gas phase ammoniation fluidized bed , a reduction fluidized bed , a pre-cooling device , a secondary cooling device , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , a dissolution reactor , and an activation device;wherein the gas phase ammoniation fluidized bed comprises a vanadium oxytrichloride vaporizer, a purified ammonia liquor vaporizer, a chloride spray gun, a gas phase ammoniation fluidized bed body, a first cyclone separator, and an ammonium chloride settling tower;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a material valve, a bed body, a discharger, a gas heater, a gas purifier, and a second cyclone separator;the pre-cooling device comprises a cyclone cooler and a third cyclone separator;the low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device comprises a low-valence vanadium oxide hopper and a low-valence vanadium oxide screw feeder;wherein a feed outlet at the bottom of the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARING HIGH PURITY VANADIUM ELECTROLYTE

A system and method for preparing a high-purity vanadium electrolyte, comprising preparing a low-valence vanadium oxide with vanadium oxytrichloride by ammonium salt precipitation and fluidization reduction, and preparing the high-purity vanadium electrolyte at a low temperature by adding a sulfuric acid solution and clean water under the conditions of ultrasound-assisted dissolution and activation. Efficient utilization of heat is achieved through heat exchange between the ammonium salt and the reduction tail gas and heat exchange between the reduction product and fluidized nitrogen gas. Ammonia gas in the reduction tail gas is recovered for precipitation of vanadium to achieve the recycling of ammonia gas. An internal member is arranged in the reduction fluidized bed to realize the precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product. Furthermore, ultrasound-assisted dissolution and activation are employed to prepare the vanadium electrolyte at a low temperature, thereby improving the activity of the electrolyte. 1. A system for preparing a high-purity vanadium electrolyte , comprising: a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , an ammonium salt precipitating device , an ammonium salt feeding device , a preheating system , a reduction fluidized bed , a cooling system , a secondary cooling device , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , and a dissolution and activation reactor;wherein the ammonium salt precipitating device comprises an ammonium salt precipitating reaction tank and a washing filter;the ammonium salt feeding device comprises an ammonium salt hopper and an ammonium salt screw feeder;the preheating system comprises a primary cyclone preheater, a venturi preheater, a secondary cyclone preheater, and a first cyclone separator;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a feeder, a bed body, a discharger, a gas heater, a gas purifier, and an ammonium chloride settling tower;the cooling system comprises a venturi cooler, a cyclone cooler, and a ...

Variable pressure drop up flow-pre-polymerizer (ufpp) systems and methods

Disclosed are processes and systems for manufacturing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and pre-polymer. The processes and systems use a variable pressure drop up-flow-pre-polymerizer configuration. The pressure profile in the UFPP can be selected to beneficially change the relative reaction rates of the polymerization and esterification reactions. This design maximizes the esterification carried out in the UFPP, while still producing a pre-polymer with the optimum carboxyl end groups concentration (e.g., about 30μ equiv./g to 60μ equiv./g) to maximize finisher productivity. This can result in a reduction of the size and cost of the esterifier required for a given plant throughput.

Non-Contact Reactor And Nanocrystal Fabrication System Having The Same

The present invention mainly provides a non-contact reactor consisting of: a reaction vessel having a particularly-designed size, a plurality of injection modules, an agitator, a heat exchange module, and an electrical gate valve module. When this non-contact reactor is operated to produce, operators are able to inject at least one precursor solution into the reaction nanometer-scale semiconductor crystallites vessel and make the injected precursor solution reach a specific position in the reaction vessel by using the electrical gate valve to control the injection pressure of the injection modules. Moreover, the operators can further properly control the rotation speed of the agitator through a controller, so as to evenly and quickly mix the injected precursor solution and a specific solution pre-filled into the reaction vessel to a mixture solution; therefore, the acceleration of production rate and the enhance of production yield of the semiconductor nanocrystals are carried out. 1. A non-contact reactor , comprising:a reaction vessel, being provided with a reaction space therein;a plurality of inject modules, being disposed over the reaction vessel, wherein each of the inject modules have an injection nozzle located over the liquid level of a solution pre-filled into the reaction space;an agitator, being electrically connected to an external driving and controlling device, and having at least one stirring paddles located in the reaction space;a heat exchanging module, being connected to the outer wall of the reaction vessel, and comprising a heat exchanging channel, a fluid inlet communicating with the heat exchanging channel and a fluid outlet communicating with the heat exchanging channel; wherein a fluid with a specific temperature can be inputted into the heat exchanging channel via the fluid outlet, and then the fluid would be outputted via the fluid outlet after a heat exchanging process is carried out between the fluid and the reaction vessel in the heat ...

POLYMER ALCOHOLYSIS

A method for enhancing/accelerating the depolymerization of polymers (e.g., those containing hydrolyzable linkages) is described herein. The disclosed method generally involves contacting a polymer comprising hydrolyzable linkages with a solvent and an alcohol to give a polymer mixture in which the polymer is substantially dissolved, wherein the contacting is conducted at a temperature at or below the boiling point of the polymer mixture. A resulting depolymerized polymer can be separated therefrom (including, e.g., monomers and/or oligomers). Such methods can be conducted under relatively mild temperature and pressure conditions. 1. A method for depolymerizing a polymer , comprising:obtaining the polymer, wherein the polymer comprises hydrolyzable linkages; andobtaining a polymeric mixture by at least contacting the polymer with a solvent and an alcohol,wherein the polymer in the polymeric mixture is substantially dissolved, andwherein the contacting is conducted at a temperature at or below a boiling point of the polymeric mixture,to provide a depolymerized material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric mixture exhibits no visible phase separation to the naked eye.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises claim 1 , at least in part claim 1 , a polyester.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a copolymer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a polymer selected from a group consisting of polysaccharides; chitin; chitosan; proteins; polyglycolides; poly(caprolactones); poly(hydroxybutyrates); poly(anhydrides); aliphatic polycarbonates; polyesters claim 1 , poly(orthoesters); poly(amino acids); poly(ethylene oxide); polyphosphazenes claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohols claim 1 , copolymers thereof claim 1 , and derivatives thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzable linkages comprise ester linkages.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is poly(lactic acid) claim 1 , a derivative of poly(lactic ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MAKING A DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF PEROXOMONOSULPHURIC ACID

A device, comprising a conduit for an aqueous stream, a mixing tube located inside the conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to the conduit and an inlet, a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of the mixing tube and a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube, and a method, where an aqueous stream is passed through the conduit of the device, 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid is introduced to the sulphuric acid supply tube of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced to the hydrogen peroxide supply tube of the device, provide a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid without a risk of exposing operating personnel to concentrated peroxomonosulphuric acid. 19-. (canceled)10. A device for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid , comprising:a) a conduit for an aqueous stream;b) a mixing tube located inside said conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to said conduit and an inlet;c) a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of said mixing tube; andd) a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube.11. The device of claim 10 , wherein said mixing tube and said sulphuric acid supply tube are arranged coaxially inside said conduit.12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the outlet of said mixing tube is in the flow direction of said aqueous stream.13. The device of claim 10 , further comprising a sulphuric acid feed line to said sulphuric acid supply tube claim 10 , the sulphuric acid feed line having a non-return valve claim 10 , and a hydrogen peroxide feed line to said hydrogen peroxide supply tube claim 10 , the hydrogen peroxide feed line having a non-return valve.14. The device of claim 13 , ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARBONYLATING METHANOL WITH ACETIC ACID ENRICHED FLASH STREAM

A carbonylation process for producing acetic acid including: (a) carbonylating methanol or its reactive derivatives in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst and methyl iodide promoter to produce a liquid reaction mixture including acetic acid, water, methyl acetate and methyl iodide; (b) feeding the liquid reaction mixture at a feed temperature to a flash vessel which is maintained at a reduced pressure; (c) heating the flash vessel while concurrently flashing the reaction mixture to produce a crude product vapor stream, wherein the reaction mixture is selected and the flow rate of the reaction mixture fed to the flash vessel as well as the amount of heat supplied to the flash vessel is controlled such that the temperature of the crude product vapor stream is maintained at a temperature less than 90° F. cooler than the feed temperature of the liquid reaction mixture to the flasher and the concentration of acetic acid in the crude product vapor stream is greater than 70% by weight of the crude product vapor stream. 125.-. (canceled)26. A carbonylation process for producing acetic acid comprising:(a) carbonylating methanol or its reactive derivatives in a reactor in the presence of a rhodium metal catalyst and methyl iodide promoter to produce a liquid reaction mixture including acetic acid, water, methyl acetate and methyl iodide;(b) feeding the liquid reaction mixture to a flash vessel and heating the liquid reaction mixture in the flash vessel to separate the liquid reaction mixture into a crude product vapor stream and a catalyst solution;(c) recycling the catalyst solution to the reactor;(d) separating the crude product vapor stream in a first distillation column into an overhead stream comprising methyl iodide, methyl acetate and water and process stream comprising acetic acid; and(e) condensing the overhead stream and separating the condensed overhead stream into an aqueous stream and an organic stream,wherein the ratio of the crude product vapor stream ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARBONYLATING METHANOL WITH ACETIC ACID ENRICHED FLASH STREAM

A carbonylation process for producing acetic acid including: (a) carbonylating methanol or its reactive derivatives in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst and methyl iodide promoter to produce a liquid reaction mixture including acetic acid, water, methyl acetate and methyl iodide; (b) feeding the liquid reaction mixture at a feed temperature to a flash vessel which is maintained at a reduced pressure; (c) heating the flash vessel while concurrently flashing the reaction mixture to produce a crude product vapor stream, wherein the reaction mixture is selected and the flow rate of the reaction mixture fed to the flash vessel as well as the amount of heat supplied to the flash vessel is controlled such that the temperature of the crude product vapor stream is maintained at a temperature less than 90° F. cooler than the feed temperature of the liquid reaction mixture to the flasher and the concentration of acetic acid in the crude product vapor stream is greater than 70% by weight of the crude product vapor stream. 125-. (canceled)26. A carbonylation process for producing acetic acid comprising:carbonylating methanol or its reactive derivatives in the presence of a rhodium catalyst in a reactor to produce a liquid reaction mixture comprising acetic acid, the rhodium metal catalyst, water, iodide catalyst stabilizer, methyl acetate and methyl iodide;flashing the liquid reaction mixture in a flash vessel to form a crude product vapor stream comprising acetic acid, methyl iodide, and methyl acetate, and a catalyst solution comprising the rhodium metal catalyst, iodide catalyst stabilizer, methyl acetate, and water; and distilling the crude product vapor stream to form a first overhead, and a side stream comprising acetic acid; and', 'distilling the side stream into a second overhead, and a purified acetic acid stream,, 'an acetic acid collection step comprisingwherein the catalyst solution comprises methyl acetate in an amount less than or equal to 1.9% by weight ...

LIQUID POLYMER ACTIVATION UNIT WITH IMPROVED HYDRATION CHAMBER

A polymer activation assembly is provided for separating monomer from the oil in which it is suspended in a polymer forming suspension and mixing the monomer with water supplied from another stream. The supply water is supplied through a primary fluid channel extending through the activation assembly and which transitions to a relatively wide rectangular activation channel. A secondary fluid inlet is formed in a side of the activation assembly for injection of the polymer forming suspension therein. A nozzle section of the secondary fluid inlet is formed between an initial section of the inlet and the activation channel. The nozzle section is generally rectangular in cross section and relatively shallow. The distal end of the nozzle section has a width that approximates the width of the activation channel. The nozzle section angles at an acute angle toward the outlet. 1. A polymer activation assembly comprising:a primary fluid channel extending through said polymer activation assembly along a first axis, the primary fluid channel having a primary fluid channel inlet, a primary fluid channel outlet and an activation portion therebetween wherein said activation portion of said primary fluid activation channel is wider than it is deep;a secondary fluid channel having a secondary fluid channel inlet connecting to a nozzle section which intersects the activation portion of the primary fluid channel at an acute angle and which is wider than it is deep.2. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein said activation portion of said primary fluid activation channel is rectangular in cross-section.3. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein a surface of the polymer activation assembly defining said activation portion of said primary fluid activation channel opposite said nozzle is generally planar.4. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein said nozzle section is rectangular in cross-section.5. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein a distal end of said ...

CONDUIT CONTACTOR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A conduit contactor for conducting chemical reactions or chemical extractions between immiscible liquids includes a conduit having a hollow interior, a first open end, and a second open end opposite the first open end; a separator in fluid communication with and proximate the second open end; and a plurality of fibers disposed within the conduit. A total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 100 cm/cmto 490 cm/cm. 1. A conduit contactor for conducting chemical reactions or chemical extractions between immiscible liquids comprising:a conduit having a hollow interior, a first open end, and a second open end opposite the first open end;a separator in fluid communication with and proximate the second open end; anda plurality of fibers disposed within the conduit,{'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'wherein a total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 100 cm/cmto 490 cm/cm.'}2. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein a total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 125 cm/cmto 450 cm/cm.3. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein a total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 150 cm/cmto 435 cm/cm.4. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein a length of the conduit and the fibers is from 0.25 m to 10 m.5. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 0.5 cm to 3 m.6. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the fibers is from 5 μm to 150 μm.7. A method of conducting chemical reactions or chemical extractions between immiscible liquids comprising: a conduit having a hollow interior, a first open end, and a second open end opposite the first open end;', 'a separator in fluid communication with and proximate the second open end; and', 'a plurality of fibers disposed within the conduit,', {'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3, ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRESSURE-DRIVEN PLUG TRANSPORT AND REACTION

The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid. 115.-. (canceled)16. A system comprising:a microfluidic device comprising a substrate having a plurality of traps in fluidic communication with a channel, each trap comprises an opening along a side of the channel shaped and/or sized to accommodate a partition of a sample fluid within; anda detector to detect, monitor, or analyze each partition of sample fluid retained within a corresponding trap, the detector to detect emissions from one or more detectable markers associated with a target molecule in response to the occurrence of a polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) reaction in one or more partitions of sample fluid.17. The system of claim 16 , further comprising a plurality of partitions of sample fluid positioned within the plurality of traps in response to flow of an immiscible fluid through the channel.18. The system of claim 17 , wherein each of the plurality of partitions of sample fluid is at least partially surrounded by the immiscible fluid.19. The system of claim 18 , wherein each of the plurality of partitions of sample fluid is separated from one another and retained within a respective trap via the immiscible fluid positioned over the opening of each trap.20. The system of claim 17 , wherein the immiscible fluid is an oil.21. The system of claim 16 , wherein the target molecule is a biological molecule.22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the sample fluid comprises at least one biological molecule and one or more chemical reagents for conducting a biological reaction with the at least one biological molecule resulting in the formation of a reaction product upon undergoing the PCR reaction.23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the detector measures at least one property associated with a partition of sample fluid based on detection of emissions from the one or more ...

THERMAL CONVERSION VESSEL USED IN A PROCESS FOR AMIDIFICATION OF ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel () used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel () is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises: 1200. A thermal conversion vessel () for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM) , α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM) , 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylic acid (MAA) , into a mixture comprising 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) , wherein said vessel comprises:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '206', '206', '206', '1', '1', '1, 'i': a', 'b', 'i', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'at least three compartments (C, C, C, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (, , . . . ) separating said compartments into at least three communicating parts (C, C, C, . . . Ci) by a passage provided between the bottom of the vessel and said inner wall,'}said compartments having a space above said inner wall, for separating a gas phase from a liquid phase during thermal conversion,{'b': 204', '204', '204, 'i': a', 'b', 'i, 'said compartments being connected to an outlet valve (, , . . . ).'}2123205205205204204204abiabi. The thermal conversion vessel according to wherein said vessel comprises at least three compartments (C claim 1 , C claim 1 , C claim 1 , . . . Ci) separated from each other by an overflow wall ( claim 1 , claim 1 , . . . claim 1 , ) claim 1 , over which the hydrolysis mixture to be converted flows to pass from one compartment to the other claim 1 , each compartment being connected to an outlet valve ( claim 1 , claim 1 , . . . ).3205205205206206206abiabi. The thermal conversion vessel of claim 2 , wherein the height (h) of either overflow walls ( claim 2 , claim 2 , . . . claim 2 , ) or inner walls ( claim 2 , claim 2 ...

REACTION APPARATUS AND METHOD

Provided are an apparatus and a method for reaction for use in a co-precipitation reaction for preparing a catalyst or a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, which injects a raw material (a solution) at least between impellers according to the solution level in a vessel, thereby making a stirring speed uniform and, in particular, minimizing a concentration difference between solutions. The apparatus for the reaction may comprise: a reaction vessel; a stirring means provided inside the reaction vessel and having multistage impellers; and a raw material injecting means, comprising at least one injection nozzle connected to the reaction vessel, for injecting a raw material at least between impellers. 1. A reaction apparatus , comprising:a reaction vessel;a stirring means provided inside the reaction vessel and having multistage impellers; anda raw material-injecting means connected to the reaction vessel and comprising at least one injection nozzle injecting a raw material into an interspace between impellers.2. The reaction apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the raw material comprises a metal solution claim 1 , andthe raw material-injecting means comprises a first raw material-injecting means involving injecting the metal solution at least into an interspace between impellers and in connection with a metal solution-mixing means disposed outside of the reaction vessel and involving mixing a pre-determined ratio of a shell solution and a core solution of the metal solution to supply.3. The reaction apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the raw material further comprises first and second solutions and the reaction apparatus is provided as a co-precipitation reaction apparatus for preparing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery claim 2 , andthe raw material-injecting means further comprises second and third raw material-injecting means involving injecting the first and second solutions into an interspace between the impellers.4. The reaction ...

PROCESS FOR ACID-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION OF ARYL a- HYDROPEROXIDE WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW TUBULAR REACTOR

The present disclosure relates to a process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor. The process is a novel process performed in a tubular reactor, taking the aryl α-hydroperoxide such as cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as a raw material and taking acids as a catalyst, performing acid-catalyzed decomposition of the aryl α-hydroperoxide solution in a short reaction time ranging from tens of seconds to several minutes, thereby obtaining the phenols; wherein an inert component may be filled in the reactor, so that the effects of heat transmission and mass transfer can be enhanced. The aryl α-hydroperoxide and acid are respectively introduced by a metering pump into a mixing module to be mixed, and then enter the tubular reactor to be reacted so as to produce the products such as phenols. 3. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the aryl α-hydroperoxide is cumyl hydroperoxide (CHP).4. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises the following step (2):(2) the concentration of each substance in the reaction products is analyzed by a liquid chromatography external standard method, and the aryl α-hydroperoxide is titrated by an iodometric method.5. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 3 , wherein the CHP in step (1) is a concentrated oxidation liquid of cumene claim 3 , the solvent is one of acetone and cumene or a mixture thereof; or the oxidation liquid of cumene is used as a source of the CHP.6. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the acid in step (1) is one or more selected from a group consisting of sulfuric ...

Method For Preparing Modified Polymerization Initiator And Apparatus For Preparing Modified Polymerization Initiator

The present invention relates to a method for producing a modified polymerization initiator, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a modified polymerization initiator, wherein the method includes the steps of: (S) introducing a first fluid and a second fluid into a reactor, and reacting the compounds included in the fluids, and (S) obtaining the modified polymerization initiator prepared by the reaction of the step (S) through an outlet of the reactor, wherein the step (S) and step (S) are continuously performed, wherein in the step (S), the flow amount of the first fluid and the second fluid is maintained constant at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed, and the flow rate of the first fluid is increased. Also, the present invention provides an apparatus for producing a modified polymerization initiator for performing the same. 1. A method for preparing a modified polymerization initiator , the method comprising the steps of:{'b': '1', '(S) introducing a first fluid through a first fluid inlet and a second fluid through a second fluid inlet into a reactor having the first fluid inlet including a first functional group-containing compound and the second fluid inlet including a second functional group-containing compound, and reacting the first functional group-containing compound with the second functional group-containing compound; and'}{'b': 2', '1, '(S) obtaining a third fluid including the modified polymerization initiator prepared by the reaction of the step (S) through an outlet provided in the reactor,'}{'b': 1', '2, 'wherein the step (S) and step (S) are continuously performed,'}{'b': '1', 'wherein in the step (S), the flow amounts of the first fluid and the second fluid are maintained constant at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed, and the flow rate of the first fluid is increased at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ...

THERMAL CRACKING OF CRUDE OIL USING A LIQUID CATALYST TO PREVENT COKE FORMATION AND PROMOTE ALKYLATION

A system and method for thermal cracking of crude oil is provided. The system includes a plurality of communicatively coupled components configured to support thermal cracking of crude oil and performs a method including a continuous, industrial-sized thermal cracking process used to convert heavy crude oil or extra-heavy crude oil into lighter crude oil, using a liquid catalyst to prevent coke formation and promote alkylation reactions. 1. A method for thermal cracking of crude oil , the method comprising:heating a base crude oil to a first designated heating temperature;based on the base oil reaching the first designated heating temperature, generating an oil-based essence substance;transporting the oil-based essence substance to a separator drum configured to generate a modified oil-based essence substance;filtering, via the separator drum, the oil-based essence substance in order to generate the modified oil-based essence substance;transporting the modified oil-based essence substance to a reactor configured to support application of a liquid catalyst to the modified oil-based essence substance;applying the liquid catalyst to the modified oil-based essence substance in the reactor;heating the reactor to a second designated heating temperature;based on the reactor reaching the second designated heating temperature, generating an optimum oil substance; andcooling the optimum oil substance and storing it in one or more reservoirs.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of cooling the optimum oil substance further comprises:adding a plurality of virgin crude oil to the reactor; andcooling the optimum oil substance via the plurality of virgin crude oil.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:storing the optimum oil substance in the reactor for at least four minutes before the step of cooling the optimum oil substance.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first designated heating temperature is about 110° C. and the second designated heating temperature is ...

Photocatalytic device for the production of hydrogen gas

Photocatalytic device to dissociate an aqueous phase to product hydrogen gas, said device being set up in such a way that at least one photocatalytic system in contact with said aqueous phase can be irradiated by a light source to produce—through an oxidation reaction in said aqueous phase—oxygen gas, electrons and protons at a means of electron capture, said device comprising: 119-. (canceled)20. A photocatalytic device to dissociate an aqueous phase to produce hydrogen gas , the device structured such that a photocatalytic system in contact with the aqueous phase can be irradiated by a light source to produce , through an oxidation reaction in the aqueous phase , oxygen gas , electrons , and protons at a means for capturing electrons capture , device comprising:a first zone including the aqueous phase; andmeans for reducing protons to carry out a reduction reaction on the protons by the electrons to generate hydrogen gas; a front side facing the means for capturing electrons; and', 'a back side, with only the back side of the proton exchange interface bearing at least one catalyst and/or at least one catalytic system., 'wherein the means for proton reduction includes a proton exchange interface including21. The photocatalytic device according to claim 20 , wherein the photocatalytic system includes a photo-enzyme and/or its coenzymes or a photocatalyst that can carry out the oxidation reaction on the aqueous phase.22. The photocatalytic device according to claim 20 , wherein the photocatalytic system is at least one of: a photo-enzyme claim 20 , a PSII enzyme complex isolated away from a PSI enzyme complex claim 20 , and/or a thylakoid protein.23. The photocatalytic device according to claim 20 , wherein the photocatalytic system in contact with the aqueous phase includes a coating of an anode.24. The photocatalytic device according to claim 20 , wherein the means for capturing electrons includes a catalyst and/or a catalytic system other than the photocatalytic ...

Continuous on-line adjustable disinfectant/sanitizer/bleach generator

Methods and systems for on-site, continuous generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

SELF CLEANING REACTOR SYSTEM

This invention relates to a self cleaning reactor and to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene that employs a self-cleaning reactor. The reactor includes a mass of inert, particulate cleaning bodies that are entrained by the liquid in the reactor and scour the internal surfaces of the reactor during normal operation. This scouring action reduces the level of fouling on the reactor surfaces. Foulant material (polyethylene) is removed from the process on a continuous basis but the cleaning bodies remain within the reactor. 1. A self cleaning , continuous flow reactor , said reactor comprising1) at least one inlet line for liquid reactants;2) at least one outlet line for liquid products;3) a mixing system to mix liquid contained within said reactor; a) said mixing system provides sufficient liquid velocity to suspend said cleaning bodies within said reactor;', 'b) said cleaning bodies have a particle size of from 2 millimeters to 2 centimeters; and', 'c) said cleaning bodies are retained within said reactor during operation of the reactor., '4) a mass of cleaning bodies contained within said reactor, with the provisos that'}2. The reactor of wherein said reactor is a continuously stirred tank reactor.3. The reactor of wherein said cleaning bodies have a particle size of from about 2 millimeters to about 2 centimeters and a specific gravity that is greater than the specific gravity of said liquid contained within said reactor.4. A process for the removal of by-product polyethylene from a continuous flow claim 1 , mixed claim 1 , oligomerization reactor claim 1 , said process comprising:a) providing input flows comprising ethylene, solvent, and an oligomerization catalyst system to said reactor;b) oligomerizing ethylene under continuous flow conditions within said reactor; andc) providing a discharge stream from said reactor comprising solvent, oligomer product and polyethylene by-product; characterized in that said process is conducted in the presence of a mass ...

Carbonylation process and catalyst system therefor

A catalyst system for a liquid phase carbonylation reaction comprising a homogeneous acid catalyst component and a porous solid component, in particular for use in the formation of glycolic acid by carbonylation of formaldehyde. The homogeneous acid catalyst component is, for instance, sulphuric acid whilst the solid component can be unfunctionalised silica. A process for the carbonylation of an aldehyde to form a carboxylic′ acid or derivative thereof is also described. The process comprises the steps of contacting the catalyst with carbon monoxide, water and the aldehyde.

Use of a Fiber Reactor to Produce Silicones

A method of reacting compounds is described. The method can include flowing a first liquid comprising a first compound into an inlet of a conduit and through a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers extending lengthwise in the conduit, and flowing, while flowing the first liquid, a second liquid comprising a second compound having at least one silicon atom into the inlet of the conduit and through the fiber bundle. The method can further include reacting the first compound and the second compound within the fiber bundle to produce a third compound having at least one silicon atom different from the first and second compounds, and flowing the third compound out an outlet of the conduit.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM A RICH HYDRATE INHIBITOR STREAM

Method and system for removal of heavy metal ions from a rich hydrate inhibitor stream, wherein the method comprises •a) adding a selective heavy metal reactant to the rich hydrate inhibitor stream, forming a fluid stream comprising heavy metal salt particles, •b) separating the obtained fluid stream in three streams a hydrocarbon stream, a recovered rich hydrate inhibitor stream, and a slurry comprising the heavy metal salt particles, •c) separating remaining hydrate inhibitor from the slurry thereby obtaining a concentrated rest comprising the heavy metal salt particles. 115-. (canceled)16. Method for removal of heavy metal ions from a rich hydrate inhibitor stream , wherein the method comprises:a) adding a selective heavy metal reactant to the rich hydrate inhibitor stream, forming a fluid stream comprising heavy metal salt particles;b) separating the obtained fluid stream in three streams a hydrocarbon stream, a recovered rich hydrate inhibitor stream, and a slurry comprising the heavy metal salt particles; andc) separating remaining hydrate inhibitor from the slurry thereby obtaining a concentrated rest comprising the heavy metal salt particles.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the separation in step b) is performed in a disc stack centrifuge.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the method comprises regulating the pH of the rich hydrate inhibitor stream to between 6 and 8.19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the method comprises regulating the temperature of the rich hydrate inhibitor stream to below 50° C.20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the heavy metal is selected from the group mercury claim 16 , cadmium claim 16 , lead claim 16 , chromium claim 16 , cobalt claim 16 , arsenic claim 16 , nickel claim 16 , manganese and copper claim 16 , preferably mercury.21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the method comprises combining the remaining hydrate inhibitor with the recovered rich hydrate inhibitor stream. ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING POTASSIUM SULFATE

Systems and methods for producing potassium sulfate. Such a method involves providing an industrial waste material that includes at least one metal sulfate or a metal product that has been reacted with sulfuric acid to produce metal sulfates, and then reacting the metal sulfate with potassium carbonate to produce a byproduct that contains potassium sulfate. 1. A method of producing potassium sulfate , the method comprising:providing an industrial waste material that includes at least one metal sulfate or a metal product that has been reacted with sulfuric acid to produce at least one metal sulfate; andreacting the metal sulfate with potassium carbonate to produce a byproduct comprising potassium sulfate.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating and/or filtering the byproduct to remove metal carbonates therefrom and produce a filtered liquor.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising refining the filtered liquor to produce solid potassium sulfate via a crystallization process.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising performing a reclamation process on the metal carbonates to isolate a metal thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal sulfate comprises lead sulfate.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the lead sulfate is a constituent of a lead paste obtained from lead batteries.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the industrial waste material contains the metal sulfate.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the industrial waste material with sulfuric acid to produce the metal sulfate.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the industrial waste material is from a source chosen from the group consisting of metal refinery waste processing claim 1 , mine drainage claim 1 , ore processing claim 1 , copper refining claim 1 , and a lead recovery operation.10. A system for producing potassium sulfate claim 1 , the system comprising:an industrial waste material that includes at least one metal sulfate or a metal product that has been ...

SULFURIC ACID ALKYLATION REACTOR SYSTEM AND CONVERSION OF A HYDROGEN FLUORIDE ALKYLATION UNIT TO A SULFURIC ACID ALKYLATION UNIT

This disclosure relates to SA alkylation reactor systems. The reactor system involves a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet. The reactor system also involves a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel, a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor, and an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet, wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel. This disclosure also relates to a split SA alkylation reactor system wherein a single horizontal reactor vessel is divided to accommodate two reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to alkylation processes using the reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit to a SA alkylation unit. This disclosure also relates to converted SA alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted SA alkylation units. 1. A sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system comprising:(a) a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet;(b) a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel;(c) a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor; and(d) an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet;wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel.2. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is an internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel claim 1 , the distributor is downstream of the internal static mixer and is directly connected with the internal static mixer.3. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of further comprising an external static mixer fluidly connected with the internal static mixer and the emulsion pump claim 2 , wherein the external static mixer is located outside the reactor vessel.4. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is an in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly ...

BIJELS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

A method of making a bijel includes dispersing surface-active nanoparticles in a ternary liquid mixture. The ternary liquid mixture includes a hydrophilic liquid, a hydrophobic liquid, and a solvent. The ternary liquid mixture is contacted with water. A bijel includes a stable mixture of two immiscible liquids separated by an interfacial layer of colloidal particles. The bijel has temperature-independent stability, and the domain sizes are below one micrometer. 1. A method of making a bijel comprising:dispersing surface-active nanoparticles in a ternary liquid mixture, wherein the ternary liquid mixture comprises a hydrophilic liquid, a hydrophobic liquid, and a solvent; andcontacting the ternary liquid mixture with water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersing step is conducted in the presence of one or more surfactants.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic liquid comprises at least one of diethyl phthalate claim 1 , dimethylphthalate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-hexanediol diacrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-diacetoxyhexane claim 1 , trimethylolpropane triacrylate claim 1 , dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate claim 1 , triacetin claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , chloroform claim 1 , laurylacrylate claim 1 , butylacrylate claim 1 , decanol claim 1 , styrene claim 1 , and oleic acid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the hydrophilic liquid and the hydrophobic liquid comprises a polymerizable monomer.5. The method of wherein the one or more surfactants and the nanoparticles are oppositely charged.6. The method of further comprising mixing the hydrophilic liquid claim 1 , the hydrophobic liquid and the solvent to form the ternary liquid mixture.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic liquid comprises a liquid claim 1 , a polymerizable monomer claim 1 , or the combination of a liquid and a polymerizable monomer.8. The method of wherein the hydrophobic liquid comprises a liquid claim 1 , a polymerizable monomer claim 1 , or the ...

CONTINUOUS ON-LINE ADJUSTABLE DISINFECTANT/SANITIZER/BLEACH GENERATOR

Methods and systems for on-site, continuous generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed. 1. A method of cleaning using an on-site generated peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition comprising:obtaining a user- or system-inputted peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition on-site using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system comprising: an apparatus comprising a variable length of a reaction manifold, a series of feed pumps and an outlet for dosing a peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition from said reaction manifold; andapplying said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition in an amount sufficient to sanitize, bleach and/or disinfect a surface in need thereof,wherein said reaction manifold is a length of tubing having multiple points of input via at least one injection manifold wherein said feed pumps provide said reagents for the continuous production of said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition;wherein said feed pumps are in fluid connection with said reaction manifold and supply one or more reagents to produce said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition in said reaction manifold;wherein said reagents comprise an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a C1 to C18 carboxylic acid, a source of alkalinity and an oxidizing agent;wherein said reaction manifold is in fluid connection with said outlet to dispense said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition; andwherein said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition is an individual or mixed peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition according to a user- or system-inputted selection.2. The method ...

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING COOLING FLUID IN AN IONIC LIQUID REACTOR SYSTEM WITH A HEAT EXCHANGER

Processes for controlling the rate and temperature of cooling fluid through a heat exchange zone in, for example, an alkylation reactor using an ionic liquid catalyst. A cooling fluid system may be used to provide the cooling fluid which includes a chiller and a reservoir. The cooling fluid may pass from the reservoir through the heat exchange zone. A bypass line may be used to pass a portion of the cooling fluid around the heat exchange zone. The amount of cooling fluid may be adjusted, with a valve, based upon the temperature of the cooled process fluid flowing out of the heat exchange zone. Some of the cooling fluid from the chiller may be circulated back to the chiller in a chiller loop. 1. A process for controlling a flow of a cooling fluid through a heat exchanger , the process comprising:passing a cooling fluid from a chilling zone to a reservoir;passing a first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir through a heat exchange zone;passing a second portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir through a bypass line around the heat exchange zone;passing a process fluid through the heat exchange zone; and,absorbing heat from the process fluid with the cooling fluid in the heat exchange zone to provide a cooled process fluid.2. The process of for comprising: adjusting the second portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir that flows through a bypass line based upon a temperature of the cooled process fluid.3. The process of wherein a temperature of the first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir is between approximately −6.7 to 26.7° C. (20 to 80° F.).4. The process of wherein a temperature of the first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir is between approximately 1.7 to 12.8° C. (35 to 55° F.).5. The process of wherein the heat exchange zone comprises a plurality of heat exchangers.6. The process of wherein a first heat exchanger from the plurality of heat exchangers receives a process fluid from a first reaction zone claim 5 , ...

RECONFIGURABLE MULTI-STEP CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS SYSTEM AND RELATED COMPONENTS AND METHODS

The instant disclosure is related to fluidic distributors, fluidic systems, and associated methods and articles. Certain embodiments are related to fluidic distributors that comprise bays including fluidic connections with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other. In some embodiments, a fluidic distributor may comprise bays with electrical interfaces with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other. 1. A fluidic distributor , comprising:a first bay comprising first and second fluidic connections; anda second bay comprising first and second fluidic connections;wherein the relative positions of the first and second fluidic connections of the first bay substantially correspond to the relative positions of the first and second fluidic connections of the second bay.2. A fluidic distributor , comprising:a first bay comprising first and second fluidic connections and an electrical interface;a second bay comprising first and second fluidic connections and an electrical interface; and a processor is electronically coupled to the electrical interfaces of the first and second bays; and', 'the relative positions of the first fluidic connection of the first bay and the electrical interface of the first bay substantially correspond to the relative positions of the first fluidic connection of the second bay and the electrical interface of the second bay., 'wherein3. The fluidic distributor of claim 2 , wherein the degree of overlap of the first fluidic connector of the first bay and the first fluidic connector of the second bay is at least 50% claim 2 , and wherein the degree of overlap of the electrical interface of the first bay and the electrical interface of the second bay is at least 50%.4. The fluidic distributor of claim 2 , wherein the degree of overlap of the first fluidic connector of the first bay and the first fluidic connector of the second bay is at least 95% claim 2 , and wherein the degree of overlap of the electrical ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NANOPARTICLES, NANOPARTICLES, SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING NANOPARTICLES, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING NANOPARTICLE INK FORMULATION

Examples are disclosed that relate to method for producing nanoparticles using a shear-flow reactor. One disclosed example provides a method for producing nanoparticles with ligands bound to the surface of the nanoparticles, which comprises a step of mixing and processing a first solution and a second solution in a shear-flow reactor, and the first solution contains a first solvent in which nanoparticles having a initial ligand bound to the surface of the nanoparticles are dissolved, the second solution contains a second solvent in which the second ligand dissolved, a ligand exchange reaction is carried out in the shear-flow reactor to form a solution of the nanoparticles in which the second ligand is bound to the surface of the nanoparticles. 1. A method for producing nanoparticles with ligands bound to the surface of the nanoparticles , which comprises a step of mixing and processing a first solution and a second solution in a shear-flow reactor , andthe first solution contains a first solvent in which nanoparticles having a initial ligand bound to the surface of the nanoparticles are dissolved,the second solution contains a second solvent in which the second ligand dissolved,a ligand exchange reaction is carried out in the shear-flow reactor to form a solution of the nanoparticles in which the second ligand is bound to the surface of the nanoparticles.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second solvent is immiscible in the first solvent.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise quantum dots.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise metal particles.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the initial ligand comprises a thiol group.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the shear-flow reactor is integrated into a continuous flow reactor.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first solvent comprises one or more of 1-octadecene claim 1 , toluene and hexane.8. The method ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF DI- AND POLYAMINES OF THE DIPHENYLMETHANE SERIES

The present invention relates to a process for preparing di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series (MDA), a system for producing MDA and a process for operating a system for preparing MDA. The invention enables optimization of production standstills during operation of the MDA process with respect to time expenditure and optionally also with respect to energy and material consumption by means of a so-called recirculation mode for individual system components. During interruption of the process or interruption of the operation of individual system components, formaldehyde is not introduced into the reaction and the system components that are not affected by a revision, repair, or cleaning measure are operated in so-called recirculation mode. This enables, among other things, that only the affected system component can be put in standstill during the time period of the measure, which is advantageous in terms of productivity and economy of the process as well as in terms of the quality of the products produced. 1. A process for preparing diamines and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series , which comprises the steps:{'sub': 1', '2, 'IA) reaction of reacting aniline and formaldehyde in the absence of an acid catalyst in a reactor to form an aminal, with aniline being introduced at a mass flow rate mand formaldehyde being introduced at a mass flow rate minto the reactor, followed by separation of the reaction mixture obtained into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing the aminal in a phase separation facility integrated into the reactor or in a separate phase separation apparatus;'}IIA) reacting at least part of the organic phase containing the aminal which is obtained in step IA) with acid in a reactor, with the aminal reacting to form diamines and/or polyamines of the diphenylmethane series;orIB) reacting aniline and acid in a reactor;{'sub': 1', '2, 'IIB) reacting at least part of the reaction mixture obtained in step IB) with formaldehyde in a ...

System and Method for Catalyst Preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor. 120-. (canceled)21. A polymer manufacturing system comprising:(A) a catalyst solution tank configured to contain a metallocene catalyst solution and to supply a precontactor with at least a portion of the metallocene catalyst solution;(B) a precontactor configured to contact the metallocene catalyst solution, an activator, and a co-catalyst to form a catalyst complex;(C) a polymerization reactor system configured to contact the catalyst complex with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer to produce a polyolefin;(D) an ultraviolet-visible analyzer configured to determine a first concentration of a metallocene catalyst in the metallocene catalyst solution; and(E) a control system configured to control the first concentration of the metallocene catalyst in the metallocene catalyst solution.22. The polymer manufacturing system of claim 21 , wherein the catalyst solution tank contains an agitator configured to mix the metallocene catalyst and a solvent to form the metallocene catalyst solution.23. The polymer manufacturing system of claim 21 , further comprising a heating system coupled to the catalyst solution tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the ...

PRODUCTION OF LINEAR ALPHA OLEFINS FROM ORGANIC SULFIDES

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a system and method for producing a linear alpha olefin. A disulfide, a hydrogen donating compound, and water are combined to produce a mixture. The mixture is introduced to a reactor operated at a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature equal to or greater than 374 deg. C to produce an effluent stream. The effluent stream is separated to produce a product stream including the linear alpha olefin. The disulfide can be a compound of formula R—S—S—R′ where R is a first alkyl group having carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 12 and R′ is a second alkyl group having carbon atoms ranging from 5 to 12. The hydrogen donating compound can include a partially hydrogenated multi-ring aromatic compound. 1. A method for producing a linear alpha olefin (LAO) , the method comprising the steps of:combining a disulfide oil feed and a hydrogen donor feed to produce a first mixed stream, the disulfide oil feed comprising a disulfide, the hydrogen donor feed comprising a hydrogen donating compound (HDC);combining the first mixed stream and a water feed to produce a second mixed stream;introducing the second mixed stream to a reactor, wherein the reactor is operated at a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature equal to or greater than 373.9 deg. C to produce an effluent stream, the effluent stream comprising the LAO;introducing the effluent stream to a first separator to produce a gas stream and a liquid stream, the liquid stream comprising the LAO;introducing the liquid stream to a second separator to produce a hydrocarbon stream and a water stream, the hydrocarbon stream comprising the LAO; andintroducing the hydrocarbon stream to a distillation unit to produce an LAO stream and a byproduct stream, the LAO stream comprising the LAO.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:pressurizing the first mixed stream to a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa.3. The method of claim 1 , further ...

Process for preparing methacrolein from formaldehyde and propionaldehyde and preparation plant for the purpose

A process and a preparation plant prepares methacrolein from formaldehyde and propionaldehyde, in presence of water and a homogeneous catalyst based at least on an acid and a base. A reaction mixture is introduced into a methacrolein workup plant and separated in a first distillation column, into a first distillation mixture in a gas phase at the top and a second distillation mixture in a liquid phase at the bottom. The first distillation mixture is condensed and, in a first phase separator, the organic phase and the aqueous phase of the condensate are separated from one another. The aqueous phase is introduced into a second distillation column, that is not part of the methacrolein workup plant, and is separated into a third distillation mixture in a gas phase at the top and a fourth distillation mixture at the bottom. The third distillation mixture is introduced into the methacrolein workup plant. 26: The process according to claim 1 , wherein in S claim 1 , at least a portion of the third distillation mixture is introduced into the first condenser.3: The process according to claim 1 ,{'b': '6', 'wherein in S, at least a portion of the third distillation mixture is introduced into and condensed in a second condenser that forms part of the methacrolein workup plant, and condensate is removed from the second condenser and introduced into the first phase separator.'}46: The process according to claim 1 , wherein in S claim 1 , at least a portion of the third distillation mixture is introduced into and condensed in a second condenser that forms part of the methacrolein workup plant claim 1 , condensate is removed from the second condenser and introduced into a second phase separator that forms part of the methacrolein workup plant and is separated in the second phase separator into a third separation mixture and a fourth separation mixture claim 1 , wherein the third separation mixture is in a form of an organic phase comprising methacrolein claim 1 , and the fourth ...

WATER TEMPERATURE AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING KINETICS OF ONSITE GENERATED PERACIDS

Methods and systems for temperature-controlled, on-site generation of peracids, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are disclosed. In particular, methods for using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system overcome the limitations of temperature on the kinetics of the peracid generation and/or peracid decomposition inside an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system. The methods include the controlling of the temperature of at least one raw starting material, namely water, to improve upon methods of on-site generation of peracids. The methods allow for the generation of user-selected chemistry without regard to the ambient temperatures of the raw starting materials and/or the biocide formulator or generator system. 1. A temperature controlled adjustable biocide formulator or generator system for on-site peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition generation comprising:an apparatus for producing a peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition that is insensitive to environmental temperatures of the location of the apparatus and/or one or more reagents, comprising a reaction vessel and/or reaction manifold, a series of feed pumps, an outlet for dosing the peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition from said reaction vessel and/or reaction manifold, and a controller for a user- or system-inputted selection device;a temperature controlled mechanism for maintaining a controlled temperature of said reaction vessel and/or reaction manifold and/or the one or more reagents, wherein said reagents comprise at least one ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a C1 to C18 carboxylic acid, a source of alkalinity, and an oxidizing agent, at an alkaline pH.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein said controlled temperature is maintained between about 4.4° C. to about 60° C.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the source of alkalinity is sodium hydroxide claim 1 , and wherein said sodium hydroxide is provided to said ...

System and Method for Preparing Alkali Metal Salt Emulsifying Agents

A system and method combine a first reactant with a second reactant to create a reaction product. A first pump is in fluid communication with a reaction vessel and a source of the first reactant. A second pump is in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a source of the second reactant. A gas sparger is located in the reaction vessel, and the gas sparger is in fluid communication with a gas source for providing gas to the reaction vessel. A controller is configured to execute a program stored in the controller to: (i) receive a sensor signal based on a force exerted by the reaction vessel in a direction toward the sensor, and (ii) operate the first pump and the second pump to deliver to the reaction vessel the first reactant and the second reactant thereby causing a reaction that creates the reaction product. 1. A system for combining a first reactant with a second reactant to create a reaction product and for dispensing the reaction product , the system comprising:a reaction vessel;a first pump in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a first source of a first reactant;a second pump in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a second source of a second reactant;a gas sparger located in the reaction vessel, the gas sparger being in fluid communication with a gas source and an interior space of the reaction vessel;a sensor positioned adjacent the reaction vessel, the sensor outputting a signal based on a force exerted by the reaction vessel in a direction toward the sensor; anda controller in electrical communication with the first pump, the second pump, and the sensor, the controller being configured to execute a program stored in the controller to: (i) receive the signal from the sensor, and (ii) operate the first pump for a first time period and operate the second pump for a second time period based on the signal from the sensor such that the first reactant and the second reactant are delivered to the reaction vessel and contact of ...

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING QUANTUM DOT AND QUANTUM DOT MANUFACTURING METHOD USING THE SAME

An apparatus for manufacturing a quantum dot is provided, the apparatus including a first supplying part that provides a cationic precursor, a second supplying part that provides an anionic precursor, a mixing part connected to the first supplying part and the second supplying part, and a reaction part including a reaction tube configured to receive a liquid mixture of the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor from the mixing part and a first microwave generator configured to provide a microwave that is transmitted through the reaction tube. Therefore, the apparatus may produce a quantum dot of multi-element compounds. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a quantum dot , the apparatus comprising:a first supplying part configured to provide a cationic precursor;a second supplying part configured to provide an anionic precursor;a mixing part connected to the first supplying part and the second supplying part; anda reaction part comprising a reaction tube configured to receive a liquid mixture of the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor from the mixing part and a first microwave generator configured to provide a microwave that is transmitted through the reaction tube.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reaction tube comprises a microfluidic channel provided in a zigzag form on a plane.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reaction tube is formed of glass claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , or Teflon.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cationic precursor contains at least one of In claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , or Al.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the anionic precursor contains at least one of P claim 1 , As claim 1 , N claim 1 , or Sb.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first microwave generator is disposed on at least one side of the reaction tube.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the reaction part further comprises a second microwave generator spaced apart from the first microwave generator with the reaction tube being interposed ...

WATER TEMPERATURE AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING KINETICS OF ONSITE GENERATED PERACIDS

Methods and systems for temperature-controlled, on-site generation of peracids, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are disclosed. In particular, methods for using an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system overcome the limitations of temperature on the kinetics of the peracid generation and/or peracid decomposition inside an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system. The methods include the controlling of the temperature of at least one raw starting material, namely water, to improve upon methods of on-site generation of peracids. The methods allow for the generation of user-selected chemistry without regard to the ambient temperatures of the raw starting materials and/or the biocide formulator or generator system. 1. A temperature controlled adjustable biocide formulator or generator system for on-site peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition generation comprising:an apparatus for producing peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition that is insensitive to environmental temperatures of the location of the apparatus and/or reagents comprising a reaction vessel, a series of feed pumps, an outlet for dosing a peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition from said reaction vessel and a controller for a user- or system-inputted selection device;a temperature controlled mechanism for maintaining a controlled temperature of said reaction vessel and/or one or more reagents to a temperature between about 4.4° C. to about 60° C., wherein said reagents comprise an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a C1 to C18 carboxylic acid, a source of alkalinity and an oxidizing agent;wherein said feed pumps are in fluid connection with said reaction vessel and supply one or more reagents to produce said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition in said reaction vessel; andwherein said reaction vessel is in fluid connection with said outlet to dispense said peroxycarboxylic acid forming composition.2. The system according to claim 1 , ...

CONVERSION OF A HYDROGEN FLUORIDE ALKYLATION UNIT TO A SULFURIC ACID ALKYLATION UNIT AND APPARATUS UTILIZED THEREIN

This disclosure relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit which utilizes HF as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit which utilizes sulfuric acid as a reaction catalyst. This disclosure also relates to a segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler. This disclosure also relates to converted sulfuric acid alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted sulfuric acid alkylation units. 1. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit , the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit comprising an HF alkylation reactor , an HF alkylation fractionation section comprising at least one fractionator , and an HF acid relief neutralizer vessel , the method comprising:(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst;(b) retaining the HF acid relief neutralizer vessel as a blowdown vapor scrubber;(c) retaining the HF alkylation fractionation section as a sulfuric acid alkylation fractionation section;(d) providing at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor;(e) providing a refrigeration section comprising a refrigerant compressor and a heat exchanger for condensing a vapor stream from the refrigerant compressor;(f) providing a conduit for recycling an isoparaffin comprising isobutane from the refrigeration section to said at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor; and(g) providing a feed/effluent heat exchanger for cooling a hydrocarbon feed stream and heating a net effluent stream.2. A segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase , the sulfuric acid settler comprising:(a) a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, and a bottom;(b) at least one ...

Divalent Ion Removal From Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) Feed Streams

A system and process for removing divalent ions from a MEG feed stream is presented. The system includes a chemical treatment tank where chemicals are mixed with the feed stream to form insoluble carbonate and hydroxide salts. The system also includes a membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit that receives the feed stream from the chemical treatment tank and separates it into a filtrate containing MEG and a retentate containing the insoluble salts. The system may also include washing the retentate to remove additional MEG, which is then recycled to a MEG regeneration or reclamation process. The system may also include a dryer that receives waste slurry from the solid-liquid separation unit and dries it to form a solid waste, thereby facilitating its handling, storage, and disposal. 1. A system for removing divalent ions from a feed stream having MEG mixed with produced water , the system comprising:a chemical treatment tank arranged to receive the feed stream and react chemicals mixed with the feed stream to form insoluble carbonate and hydroxide salts;a membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit arranged to receive the reacted feed stream from the chemical treatment tank and separate the reacted feed stream into a filtrate and a retentate;a return line between the membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit and the chemical tank, the return line arranged to receive wash water used to wash the retentate and return the wash water to the chemical treatment tank; anda dryer arranged to receive a waste slurry stream from the membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit.2. A system according to wherein the chemical treatment tank has a temperature ranging from approximately 10° C. (50° F.) to approximately 100° C. (212° F.).3. A system according to wherein the chemical treatment tank has a temperature ranging from approximately 50° C. (122° F.) to approximately 85° C. (185° F.).4. A system according to wherein the chemical treatment tank has a residence time ranging from ...

Apparatus and Process for the Automated Chemical Synthesis of Compounds

Provided is an apparatus for the automated synthesis of at least one chemical compound including: at least one cartridge including at least one first compartment for providing at least one first reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound; at least one second compartment for providing at least one second reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound, and at least one third compartment for purifying the at least one synthesized compound; at least one reaction container for providing the compounds to be fed into at least one of the compartments of the cartridge and/or collecting the reaction product from at least one of the compartments of the cartridge; at least one solvent container; at least two flow patch selecting valve and at least one pump. 1. An apparatus for the automated synthesis of at least one chemical compound , comprising:at least one cartridge comprising:at least one first compartment for providing at least one first reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound;at least one second compartment for providing at least one second reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound, andat least one third compartment for purifying the at least one synthesized compound;at least one reaction container for providing the compounds to be fed into at least one of the compartments of the cartridge and/or collecting the reaction product from at least one of the compartments of the cartridge;at least one solvent container for storing solvent systems used for at least one of the compartments of the cartridge;optionally at least one waste container for collecting the waste from at least one of the compartments of the cartridge;at least two flow patch selecting valves, wherein at least one first valve selects the liquid source and at least one second valve directs the liquid to one of the compartments in the cartridge, reaction container or optional waste container, andat least one pump arranged ...

SYNTHESIS OF TRICHLOROSILANE FROM TETRACHLOROSILANE AND HYDRIDOSILANES

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of trichlorosilane (HSiCl3) which comprises the reaction of tetrachlorosilane (SiCU) with hydridosilanes in the presence of a catalyst. 1. A process for the preparation of trichlorosilane (HSiCl) comprising reacting tetrachlorosilane (SiCl) with at least one hydridosilane in the presence of at least one catalyst.2. The process for the preparation of trichlorosilane (HSiCl) according to wherein the at least one hydridosilane is selected from the group consisting of formulae:{'br': None, 'sub': n', 'm', '4-n-m, 'RSiXH\u2003\u2003(1),'} {'br': None, 'sub': o', '2', 'p', '6-o-p, 'RSiXH\u2003\u2003(2),'}, 'and'}whereinR is an organic group,X is halogen or alkoxy,n is 0 to 3,m is 0 to 2, andn+m=0 to 3,o is 0 to 5,p is 0 to 5, ando+p=1 to 5.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein R is chosen from aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon groups with up to 6 carbon atoms.4. The process of claim 1 ,{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3, 'wherein the hydridosilanes are selected from the group consisting of SiH, HSiCl, HSiCl, MeSiH, MeSiH, MeSiH, EtSiH, MeSiHCl, MeSiHCl, PhSiH, PhSiH, PhMeSiH, iPrSiH, HexSiH, tBuSiH, MeSi(OEt)H, ViSiH, ViMeSiH, MeHSi—SiHMe, MeHSi—SiHMe, MeHSi—SiHMe, MeSi—SiHMe, MeSi—SiHMe, and HSi—SiH.'}5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst is selected from the group consisting of:{'sup': 1', '1, 'sub': '4', 'one or more compounds of the formula RQZ, wherein Ris independently chosen from hydrogen or an organyl group, Q is phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, antimony or bismuth, and Z is halogen,'}{'sup': 1', '1, 'sub': '3', 'one or more phosphines of the formula RP, wherein Ris as defined above,'}{'sup': 1', '1, 'sub': '3', 'one or more amines of the formula RN, wherein Ris as defined above,'}one or more N-heterocyclic amines,one or more ...

MULTI-STAGE CONTACTING PROCESS AND APPARATUS

A method may include: introducing a fluid comprising a first immiscible phase and a second immiscible phase into a contacting vessel comprising multiple contact stages: flowing the fluid through a first fiber bundle disposed in the contacting vessel; separating at least a portion of the first immiscible phase from the second immiscible phase; and flowing the separated portion of the first immiscible phase through a second fiber bundle disposed in the contacting vessel. 1. An apparatus comprising:a body;a first partition in the body defining a first flow path between the body and the first partition;a first fiber bundle disposed within the first flow path;a second partition in the body defining a second flow path between the first partition and the second partition;a third partition in the body defining a third flow path between the second partition and the third partition; anda second fiber bundle disposed within the third flow path.2. The fiber bundle contactor of wherein the vessel further comprises a first inlet in fluid communication with the first flow path.3. The fiber bundle contactor of wherein the vessel further comprises a second inlet in fluid communication with the second flow path.4. The fiber bundle contactor of wherein the first flow path and the second flow path are in fluid communication claim 1 , and wherein the second flow path and the third flow path are in fluid communication.5. The bundle fiber contactor of wherein a fourth flow path is defined between the body and the third partition claim 1 , and wherein a coalescer is disposed within the fourth flow path.6. The fiber bundle contactor of further comprising a perforated plate assembly comprising a plate claim 1 , a plurality of openings in the plate claim 1 , and a plurality of downpipes that extend from the plate and arranged to allow fluid flow through additional openings in the plate.7. The fiber bundle contactor of wherein the fiber bundles comprise a catalyst.8. A method comprising: ...

APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING HIGHLY CORROSIVE AGENTS

An apparatus for treating highly corrosive agents comprises a tube bundle () heat exchanger (), structured to carry out a heat exchange between two fluids one of which is highly corrosive and flowing inside of said tube bundle (). 1. An apparatus for treating highly corrosive agents , comprising:a tube bundle heat exchanger, structured to carry out a heat exchange between a first fluid which is highly corrosive and flowing inside of at least one tube bundle, and a second fluid flowing outside of said at least one tube bundle,wherein said at least one tube bundle comprises at least one tube of titanium or titanium alloy, having a layer of zirconium or zirconium alloy bonded to the titanium or titanium alloy tube metallurgically or through welding,wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube is coated on the inside by said zirconium or zirconium alloy tube, and said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer in contact with said first highly corrosive fluid flowing inside said at least one tube bundle, and said titanium or titanium alloy tube is in contact with at least said second fluid flowing outside said at least one layer bundle,wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube and said zirconium or zirconium alloy coating layer are bonded together through hot-drawing.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube has a thickness between 1.0 and 10 millimeters claim 1 , and in that said zirconium or zirconium alloy coating tube has a thickness between 0.3 and 2.0 millimeters.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube is only partially coated with said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer coats solely an end portion of the at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer extends ...

HORIZONTALLY INCLINED TROUGH REACTOR AND USES THEREFOR

A trough reactor, including an elongated trough shaped enclosure, a stock feed inlet, a reactant feed-in and distribution system, at least one separation plate extending downwardly underneath the elongated trough shaped enclosure and at least one separation column forming a continuous gravitational decanter with at least one outlet and a posterior outlet, as well as a method of catalyzing a reaction in a trough reactor, including horizontally inclining an elongated trough shaped enclosure, supplying a feed of substrate into the elongated trough shaped enclosure, supplying and distributing a feed-in of a reactant into the elongated trough shaped enclosure; disposing a separation plate essentially vertically in the elongated trough shaped enclosure, substantially obstructing a spontaneous gravitational flow along the elongated trough shaped enclosure by the separation plate, providing a separation column of an essentially hollow vertical structure, separating the substrate or reactant or a product by a means of continuous gravitational decantation process, draining from an outlet at a bottom portion of the separation column an excessive portion of the substrate or reactant or a product and draining a portion of the substrate or reactant or a product from a posterior outlet, are described. 1. A trough reactor configured to catalyze a reaction between triacylglycerol and methanol to produce methylester and glycerol , said trough reactor comprises:(a) an elongated trough shaped enclosure, wherein said elongated trough shaped enclosure being horizontally inclined at an angle sustaining a spontaneous gravitational flow along said elongated trough shaped enclosure;(b) a substrate stock feed inlet disposed at an upper terminal portion of said elongated trough shaped enclosure, said substrate stock feed inlet is configured to supply said a feed of said thacylglycerol for said reaction; (I) a conduit extending along a substantial length of un upper portion of said elongated ...

Oxidation process

A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids.

System and method for making quantum dots

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of making quantum dots (QDs) (passivated or unpassivated) using a continuous flow process, systems for making QDs using a continuous flow process, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the QDs produced using embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in solar photovoltaic cells, bio-imaging, IR emitters, or LEDs.

REACTOR AND REACTOR SYSTEM PROVIDED WITH SAME

Provided is a reactor capable of generating a proposed target solution in a short time by reacting the raw material solutions with each other while allowing a mixed raw material solution containing a plurality of kinds of raw material solutions mixed with each other to flow, and restraining the temperature of the mixed raw material solution from excessively rising. The reactor includes a reaction channel allowing the mixed raw material solution to flow and a solvent channel allowing a solvent dissolvable in the mixed raw material solution to flow. The solvent channel is connected to the reaction channel between the upstream end and the downstream end of the reaction channel so that the solvent flowing in the solvent channel is mixed with the mixed raw material solution flowing in the reaction channel from the middle of the reaction channel. 1. A reactor for reacting a plurality of kinds of raw material solutions with each other while allowing a mixed raw material solution to flow , the mixed raw material solution containing the plurality of kinds of raw material solutions mixed with each other , to thereby generate a proposed target solution , the reactor comprising:a reaction channel that allows the mixed raw material solution to flow in the reaction channel, the mixed raw material solution containing the plurality of kinds of raw material solutions mixed with each other; anda solvent channel that allows a solvent to flow in the solvent channel, the solvent being dissolvable in the mixed raw material solution to thereby reduce a concentration of the raw material solution,wherein the solvent channel is connected to the reaction channel between an upstream end and a downstream end of the reaction channel so as to cause the solvent flowing in the solvent channel to be mixed with the mixed raw material solution flowing in the reaction channel from a middle of the reaction channel.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent channel includes a plurality of ...

Method for Producing Monophase Salts of Actinides and Device for Producing Same

Method and device for the preparation of monophasic powders of actinide salts which are precursors in the production of fuel pellets. In one aspect, a compact and simple device is provided to obtain dry monophasic powders of actinide salts in one stage, while increasing the productivity, chemical and nuclear safety of the process. In a second aspect, the method comprises feeding of nitric actinides-containing solution and formic acid to a cylindrical healed reactor, grinding the resulting powder, and disc hanging the powder. The nitric actinides-containing solution and formic acid are continuously metered to the upper zone of the reactor so that the reactive chemicals are mixed in a thin film on the heat-exchange surface, where the reaction mixture is continuously stirred by rotor blades. Also occurring are the processes of denitration, formation of the relevant compounds, their drying and grinding and collecting dry salts of actinides in a hopper by gravity. 1. A method for producing monophase powders of actinide salts , comprising feeding of nitric actinides-containing solution and formic acid in the cylindrical heated reactor , grinding the resulting powder , its discharge , characterized in that nitric actinides-containing solution and formic acid are continuously metered to the upper zone of the reactor , thus the reactive chemicals are mixed in a thin film on the heat-exchange surface , where the reaction mixture is continuously stirred by the rotor blades , while sequentially the processes of denitration , formation of the relevant compounds , their drying and grinding and collecting dry salts of actinides in a hopper by gravity.2. The method according to characterized in that the actinide-containing solution and formic acid are batched separately and continuously in a molar ratio of nitrate ion and formate ion (1:4.3) (1:4.5);3. The method according to characterized in that the heat exchange surface temperature is maintained at 140±5° C.4. A device for ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING POLYMER BEADS OF UNIFORM PARTICLE SIZE BY SUSPENSION POLYMERISATION

Monomer solution and liquid solution immiscible with the monomers in the monomer solution are cocurrently jetted upwardly in a pulsating manner in a reaction vessel. Monomer droplets are allowed to rise up in a controlled and smooth manner under the dynamic forces exerted by differential flow rate and differential pressure between the monomer and liquid solutions and the differential densities between the monomer and liquid solutions without causing coalescence, agglomeration and breakup of the monomer droplets and to stabilize by partial polymerization of the droplets at 50-60° C. The monomer droplets flow out horizontally into a polymerization reactor and get polymerized in the polymerization reactor under agitation at 80-85° C. The polymer beads are dried at 80-100° C. and sieved. 1. An apparatus for preparing polymer beads of uniform particle size by suspension polymerization comprising a vertically located monomer droplets forming reaction vessel defining contiguously a monomer solution distribution section at the bottom of the reaction vessel , a monomer droplet viewing first transparent section above the monomer solution distribution section , a monomer droplet stabilizing section above the first transparent section , a monomer droplet viewing second transparent section above the monomer droplet stabilizing section and a turbulence dampening and droplet discharging section above the second transparent section and at the top of the reaction vessel , wherein the monomer solution distribution section is connected at the bottom thereof to a pulsating monomer solution supply capable of supplying a monomer solution containing initiators in a pulsating manner at a flow rate of 2-4 L/hr and at a pressure of 0.2-1 kg/cmand the monomer solution distribution section comprises a jetting orifice plate at the top thereof having a plurality of orifices of 50-300 micron size , the first transparent section comprises a jetting hollow tubular ring located at the bottom thereof ...

Drug Delivery Systems and Use Thereof

The invention provides a microsphere formulation for the sustained delivery of an aptamer, for example, an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor aptamer, to a preselected locus in a mammal, such as the eye. In addition, the invention provides methods for making such formulations, and methods of using such formulations to deliver an aptamer to a preselected locus in a mammal. In particular, the invention provides a method for delivering the aptamer to an eye for the treatment of an ocular disorder, for example, age-related macular degeneration. 1. A microsphere for sustained aptamer delivery , the microsphere comprising an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer and a biocompatible polymer.2. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the aptamer comprises from 0.1% (w/w) to 30% (w/w) of the microsphere.34-. (canceled)5. The microsphere of claim 1 , further comprising trehalose.6. The microsphere of claim 5 , wherein the mass ratio of aptamer to trehalose is at least 1:3.7. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible polymer is a degradable polymer.8. The microsphere of claim 7 , wherein the degradable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate claim 7 , polyanhydride claim 7 , polyamide claim 7 , polyester claim 7 , polyorthoester claim 7 , and copolymers or mixtures thereof.910-. (canceled)11. The microsphere of claim 7 , wherein the polymer has a half-life of degradation under physiological conditions of at least 1 month.12. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible polymer is a non-degradable polymer.13. The microsphere of claim 12 , wherein the non-degradable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyether claim 12 , vinyl polymer claim 12 , polyurethane claim 12 , cellulose-based polymer claim 12 , and polysiloxane.1416-. (canceled)17. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the microsphere has a diameter of about 15 μm.18. A method of preventing claim 1 , treating claim 1 , or inhibiting an ocular disease ...

An Unpowered Pressurized Chlorine Dioxide Automatic Generating and Mixing Disinfection Device

An unpowered pressurized chlorine dioxide automatic generating and mixing disinfection device having a first raw material tank, a second raw material tank, a reactor, a water injector and a check valve; the first and the second raw material tanks and the reactor are sealed container on which there are raw material inlets and discharge holes, one raw material inlet is connected to the first raw material tank by a first pick-up tube which connects with a first titration valve, the other is connected to the second raw material tank by a second pick-up tube which connects with a second titration valve; the reactor discharging hole is connected to the water injector inlet, the check valve is installed in the connecting pipe. 1. An unpowered pressurized chlorine dioxide automatic generating and mixing disinfection device comprising a first raw material tank , a second raw material tank , a reactor , a water injector and a check valve; wherein the reactor is a sealed container on which there are raw material inlets and discharge holes , one raw material inlet is connected to the first raw material tank by a first pick-up tube which connects with a first titration valve , the other is connected to the second raw material tank by a second pick-up tube which connects with a second titration valve; a reactor discharging hole is connected to an inlet of the water injector , the check valve is installed in a connecting pipe.2. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the first raw material tank and the second raw material tank all have level meter.3. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the reactor has aeration hole which connects with aeration valve.4. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the reactor bottome has slagging hole which are equipped with slagging valve.5. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the check valve consists of housing and valve plug claim 1 , the valve plug is within the housing which one end has inlet and the other end is sealed claim 1 , the housing side also has ...

PERFORMIC ACID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems for producing performic acid and methods for producing performic acid. The systems may include two or more reactor units, two or more servient programmable logic controllers, a control panel, and a master programmable logic controller. The system may modify the production of performic acid in at least one of the two or more reactor units upon and/or after the occurrence of a disruptive event in order to maintain a desired level of performic acid production and/or a desired level of disinfection. 1. A system for producing performic acid , the system comprising:two or more reactor units, wherein at least one reactor unit of the two or more reactor units comprises a water bath and one or more coils disposed in the water bath;two or more servient programmable logic controllers (sPLCs), wherein each of the two or more sPLCs is in communication with a different reactor unit of the two or more reactor units;a control panel comprising a master programmable logic controller (mPLC) in communication with the two or more sPLCs; andan automation unit having a user interface, wherein the automation unit is in communication with the mPLC;wherein (i) the mPLC, (ii) at least one of the two or more sPLCs, (iii) at least one of the two or more reactor units, or (iv) a combination thereof is configured to maintain a desired level of performic acid production upon and/or after the occurrence of a disruptive event.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:the mPLC is configured to receive from the automation unit a first instruction comprising the desired level of performic acid production,the mPLC is configured to receive a status of the two or more reactor units from each of the two or more sPLCs,the mPLC is configured to send a second instruction, based on the desired level of performic acid production and the status of the two or more reactor units, to each of the two or more sPLCs upon and/or after the occurrence of the disruptive event, the second instruction comprising a modified ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for increasing yield of a chemical reaction , the method comprising:generating a liquid spray discharge using a pneumatic sprayer, wherein the liquid spray discharge is generated from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;collecting in a collector the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; andrecirculating the unreacted molecules and the reaction product through the pneumatic sprayer, in order to allow a plurality of the unreacted molecules in the solvent to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby increasing a yield of the chemical reaction.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein a voltage source is operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein collecting comprises condensing the liquid spray discharge ...

SELF CLEANING REACTOR SYSTEM

This invention relates to a self cleaning reactor and to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene that employs a self-cleaning reactor. The reactor includes a mass of inert, particulate cleaning bodies that are entrained by the liquid in the reactor and scour the internal surfaces of the reactor during normal operation. This scouring action reduces the level of fouling on the reactor surfaces. Foulant material (polyethylene) is removed from the process on a continuous basis but the cleaning bodies remain within the reactor. 13-. (canceled)4. A process for the removal of by-product polyethylene from a continuous flow , mixed , oligomerization reactor , said process comprising:a) providing input flows comprising ethylene, solvent, and an oligomerization catalyst system to said reactor;b) oligomerizing ethylene under continuous flow conditions within said reactor; andc) providing a discharge stream from said reactor comprising solvent, oligomer product and polyethylene by-product; characterized in that said process is conducted in the presence of a mass of reactor cleaning bodies, with the proviso that substantially all of said cleaning bodies remain within said reactor during said process.5. The process of wherein said reactor is a continuously stirred tank reactor.6. The process of wherein said continuously stirred tank reactor is operated under stirring conditions that are sufficient to suspend a portion of said cleaning bodies.7. The process of wherein said cleaning bodies have a particle size of from about 2 millimeters to about 2 centimeters and a specific gravity that is greater than the specific gravity of said liquid contained within said reactor.8. The process of wherein said oligomerization catalyst system comprises a source of active chromium claim 4 , an activator and a diphosphine ligand defined by the formula (R)(R)—P-bridge-P(R)(R) wherein R claim 4 , R claim 4 , Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl and ...

Continuous Process for Cycloaddition Reactions

The invention is directed to a process for the continuous preparation of a cycloadduct product from the reaction of a furanic with a dienophile, comprising heating a first liquid feed stream comprising the dienophile and a solvent in which the dienophile is dissolved; providing a second liquid feed stream comprising the furanic; leading the first liquid feed stream and the second liquid feed stream into a continuous reactor to produce a product solution stream comprising the cycloadduct product; and leading the product solution stream to an product isolation zone to produce an isolated cycloadduct product. A further aspect of the invention is an apparatus for carrying out this reaction.

Micro-channel reactor

Disclosed herein is a micro-channel reactor formed by placing a planar upper plate and a planar lower plate, each having a channel formed therein, such that the upper plate and the lower plate face each other, wherein the channel includes one or more introduction channels, into which different fluids are introduced respectively, a mixing channel, along which the fluids introduced into the introduction channels flow in a state in which the fluids join each other, and a discharge channel, from which the fluids joining in the mixing channel are discharged, the mixing channel includes a stem channel extending from the introduction channels to the discharge channel and one or more branch channels that diverge from the stem channel and are then interrupted, and, when the fluids are mixed through repetitive diverging and joining, the fluids diverge in upward and downward directions and then join each other in leftward and rightward directions.

METHOD FOR FABRICATING NANOPARTICLES

Systems and methods are provided for filtering a fluid containing nanoparticles. The systems and methods generally include introducing a stream of the nanoparticle-containing fluid into a holding vessel, and extracting at least a part of a nanoparticle-containing fluid accumulated in the holding vessel. The extracted nanoparticle-containing fluid is passed through a filtration module to separate a nanoparticle-containing retentate from a permeate, and the retentate is returned to the vessel. The filtration cycle can be repeated until a desired concentration of the nanoparticles is achieved in the holding vessel. In many embodiments, the generation of the nanoparticle-containing fluid and its filtration are performed concurrently. 1. A system for filtering nanoparticles contained in a fluid , comprising:a holding vessel adapted for receiving a nanoparticle-containing fluid stream,a filtration module fluidly connected to the vessel to receive at least a portion of a nanoparticle-containing fluid accumulated in the holding vessel to separate a nanoparticle-containing retentate from a permeate, anda return path providing a fluid passage for the nanoparticle-containing retentate to the holding vessel.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a drainage port for removing said permeate from the filtration module.42. The system of claim claim 1 , further comprising a pump coupled to the drainage port for facilitating the removal of the permeate from the filtration module.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein said pump is configured to remove the permeate from the filtration module at a rate substantially equal to a rate at which the holding vessel receives the nanoparticle-containing fluid stream.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a reservoir for containing a replacement fluid claim 1 , said reservoir being in fluid coupling with the vessel to provide a flow of the replacement fluid.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump for transferring the ...

MIXING REACTOR AND METHOD

A mixing reactor (), the reactor comprising a body () having a first inlet (), a second inlet () and an outlet (), in which there is an inner passage () through the body () from the first inlet () at a first end () of the body () to the outlet () at a second end of the body () along a length of the body (), the inner passage () having a side wall () along the length, and an outer passage () closer to a surface () of the body () than the inner passage (), the outer passage () running from the second inlet () at the second end, travelling through the body () along the length and meeting the inner passage () at a junction () at the first end, the outer passage () joining the inner passage () through the side wall () at the junction (). Such a mixing reactor can be used for producing particles such as nanoparticles or Metal-Organic frameworks. Furthermore, we disclose a cascade of such reactors and a method of using such reactors to mix fluids, typically but non-exclusively so as to produce such particles. 1. A mixing reactor , the reactor comprising a body having a first inlet , a second inlet and an outlet , in which there is an inner passage through the body from the first inlet at a first end of the body to the outlet at a second end of the body along a length of the body , the inner passage having a side wall along the length , and an outer passage closer to a surface of the body than the inner passage , the outer passage running from the second inlet at the second end , travelling through the body along the length and meeting the inner passage at a junction at the first end , the outer passage joining the inner passage through the side wall at the junction.2. The mixing reactor of claim 1 , in which the outer passage enters the inner passage at an angle of 90 degrees to the length claim 1 , plus or minus 45 degrees.3. The mixing reactor of claim 2 , in which the junction comprises an orifice in the inner wall claim 2 , with a portion of the outer passage preceding ...

An automated, multi-pot high-pressure radio-synthesizer for production of pet tracers

An automated radiosynthesizer device includes a plurality of reactor assemblies, each reactor assembly being operatively connected to a horizontal actuator for moving the reactor assembly in the horizontal direction and a vertical actuator for moving the reactor assembly in the vertical direction. A plurality of disposable cassettes are disposed above each of the plurality of reactor assemblies, each cassette comprising a lower surface comprising a plurality of sealed and un-sealed gaskets, wherein the un-sealed gaskets are connected to internal fluid paths within the cassette. The device includes a three-axis reagent and gas handling robot disposed above the plurality of cassettes and terminates in a vial gripper and a gas manifold having an inert gas port and a vacuum port. The device includes a control system configured to control the horizontal actuator and vertical actuator of each reactor assembly and the three-axis reagent and gas handling robot.

LOW RISK CHLORINE DIOXIDE ONSITE GENERATION SYSTEM

The present disclosure generally relates to producing chloride dioxide. A chlorine dioxide reactor, methods for producing chlorine dioxide, and treating aqueous systems are disclosed. The reactor may include a mixing device, a first feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device, and a second feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device. The reactor may include a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line. The mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line may be positioned within the motive water line. 1. A method of producing chlorine dioxide , comprising:feeding a first solution comprising an acid through a first feed line into a mixing device;feeding a second solution comprising chlorite through a second feed line into the mixing device;mixing the first solution and the second solution in the mixing device to form a reaction mixture, wherein the mixing device is in fluid communication with a reactor;feeding the reaction mixture into the reactor;reacting the acid and the chlorite in the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line, wherein the mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line are positioned within the motive water line; andmixing chlorine dioxide with motive water in the motive water line at the distal portion of the reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , hypochlorous acid claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. A method of producing chlorine dioxide claim 1 , comprising:feeding a first solution comprising an acid through a first feed line into a mixing device;feeding a second solution comprising chlorate and hydrogen ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRESSURE-DRIVEN PLUG TRANSPORT AND REACTION

The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid. 115.-. (canceled)16. A method for obtaining a collection of plugs comprising at least one biological molecule and at least one or more chemical reactants for conducting a reaction with the biological molecule , the method comprising the steps of:providing a microfluidic system comprising at least a first and second channel, the first and second channels configured to intersect with each other at a junction, and an outlet adapted for receiving a segment of tubing or a sample tube;continuously flowing an aqueous fluid containing the at least one biological molecule and the at least one or more reagents for conducting the reaction with the biological molecule, through the first channel;continuously flowing a carrier fluid immiscible with the aqueous fluid through the second channel;forming a plurality of the plugs of the aqueous fluid containing the at least one biological molecule and the at least one or more reagents for conducting the reaction with the biological molecule, by partitioning the aqueous fluid with the flowing immiscible carrier fluid at the junction of the first and second channels, the plugs being substantially surrounded by the immiscible carrier fluid flowing through the channel, wherein at least one of the plurality of the plugs comprises the at least one biological molecule and the at least one or more reagents for conducting the reaction with the biological molecule; andcollecting the plurality of the plugs in the segment of tubing or the sample tube, wherein the plugs remain separated by the carrier immiscible fluid.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the immiscible carrier fluid is an oil.18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the oil comprises a surfactant.19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the surfactant is a ...

Method And System For Production Of A Chemical Commodity Using A Fiber Conduit Reactor

An apparatus includes a conduit with two process fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, one process fluid outlet at an opposing end, a heat exchange medium inlet, and a heat exchange medium outlet. One of the fluid inlets includes a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and the other of the fluid inlets is arranged up stream of the perforated node. The apparatus further includes hollow tubes positioned longitudinally within the conduit between the two process fluid inlets, the process fluid outlet, the heat exchange medium inlet and the heat exchange medium outlet. In addition, the apparatus includes a collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet and fibers extending through each of the hollow tubes, wherein one end of the fibers is secured to the perforated node and the other end of the fibers extends into the collection vessel. 1. An apparatus for conducting chemical reactions and chemical extractions , the apparatus comprising: two process fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, wherein one of the two fluid inlets comprises a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and wherein the other of the two fluid inlets is arranged up stream of the perforated node;', 'one process fluid outlet at an opposing end of the conduit;', 'a heat exchange medium inlet; and', 'a heat exchange medium outlet;, 'a conduit comprisinga collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet, wherein the collection vessel comprises two fluid outlets respectively arranged along upper and lower portions of the collection vessel;a plurality of hollow tubes positioned longitudinally within the conduit between the two process fluid inlets, the process fluid outlet, the heat exchange medium inlet and the heat exchange medium outlet; anda plurality of fibers extending through each of the plurality of hollow tubes, wherein one end of the plurality of fibers is secured to the perforated node, wherein the other ...

UREA AMMONIUM NITRATE PRODUCTION

The invention relates to a process for the production of urea ammonium nitrate, a system and a method of modifying a plant. The process comprises treating ammonia-containing off-gas resulting from the production of ammonium nitrate (AN off-gas) with acidic scrubbing liquid in a finishing treatment section having a gas inlet in fluid communication with a gas outlet of a finishing section of a urea production unit, wherein the finishing section is adapted to solidify urea liquid, and wherein said finishing treatment section is adapted to subject ammonia-containing off-gas of the finishing section to treatment with an acidic scrubbing liquid. 1. A method for the production of urea ammonium nitrate comprising(a) subjecting ammonia and carbon dioxide to urea forming conditions so as to obtain an aqueous urea solution,(b) purifying the aqueous urea solution in a recovery section to remove residual ammonium carbamate so as to form a purified aqueous urea solution, and optionally subjecting at least part of the purified aqueous urea solution to evaporation so as to form concentrated urea liquid,(c) subjecting ammonia and nitric acid to ammonium nitrate forming conditions so as to form an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution;(d) combining said aqueous ammonium nitrate solution and at least a part of the purified aqueous urea solution and/or concentrated urea liquid in a urea ammonium nitrate section so as to obtain an aqueous solution of urea ammonium nitrate;(e) treating ammonia-containing off-gas resulting from the production of ammonium nitrate with acidic scrubbing liquid in a finishing treatment section having a gas inlet in fluid communication with a gas outlet of a finishing section of a urea production unit, wherein the finishing section is adapted to solidify urea liquid, and wherein said finishing treatment section is adapted to subject ammonia-containing off-gas of the finishing section to treatment with an acidic scrubbing liquid.2. The method of claim 1 , ...

HIGH-GRAVITY ROTATING BED DEVICE HAVING NEW STRUCTURE AND APPLICATION THEREOF

A high-gravity rotating bed device, comprising a motor, a rotor and a housing. The rotor and the motor are entirely arranged within the housing. A load-bearing plate is provided within the housing. The load-bearing plate divides the housing into a reaction chamber and a balance chamber. The motor is arranged within the balance chamber. A transmission shaft of the motor passes through the load-bearing plate and is fixedly connected to the rotor arranged within the reaction chamber. A gas inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are arranged on the housing. An externally communicating pipeline is arranged on the balance chamber. Also disclosed is an application of the present high-gravity rotating bed device under high-pressure conditions in operations such as mixing, transferring and reacting. 1. A high-gravity rotating bed device having a new structure , comprising a motor , a rotor and a housing , whereinboth the rotor and the motor are arranged in the housing;a bearing plate is arranged in the housing, and the bearing plate divides the housing into a reaction chamber and a balance chamber;the motor is arranged in the balance chamber, and a transmission shaft of the motor passes through the bearing plate to be fixedly connected to the rotor arranged in the reaction chamber;a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are formed on the housing; anda pipeline communicated with the outside is arranged on the balance chamber.2. The motor built-in high-gravity rotating bed device according to claim 1 , whereinthe reaction chamber is positioned above the bearing plate, and the balance chamber is positioned below the bearing plate; the gas inlet is formed on a side wall of the reaction chamber, the gas outlet extends out of the reaction chamber from a center of the rotor, and the liquid inlet is connected to a liquid distributor at a peripheral position of a hollow part of the rotor; and the liquid outlet extends out of the reaction chamber ...

POLYMER-BASED NANOPARTICLES, RELATED FORMULATIONS METHODS, AND APPARATUS

This invention pertains to the field of biopolymer-loaded (where the biopolymer(s) are active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (API(s)) polymer-based nanoparticles formulated, for example, for curative, therapeutic prophylactic and/or diagnostic applications. The polymer used to formulate the nanoparticles can be any biodegradable synthetic polymer or combination of polymers, including combinations of PLGA and PEG. Biopolymers used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) can include natural and unnatural nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA and LNA. Biopolymers used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can also include neutral and positively charged nucleic acid mimics (NPNAM) such as for example, peptide nucleic acids, morpholinos, pyrrolidine-amide oligonucleotide mimics, morpholinoglycine oligonucleotides and methyl phosphonates and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles are loaded with both nucleic acids and NPNAMs as the APIs. Nanoparticles so formulated can be used in curative, therapeutic, prophylactic and/or diagnostic applications. Certain preferred nanoparticles, formulation methodologies, de-formulation methodologies and apparatus are also disclosed. 1. A method comprising: (i) the first solution comprises a first solvent; and', '(ii) the second solution comprises: (w) a neutral or positively charged nucleic acid mimic (NPNAM); (x) a polymer, and (y) a second solvent;, 'wherein, 'a) combining a first solution and a second solution at a junction under conditions suitable to produce nanoprecipitation in a post-junction fluid stream comprising post-junction fluid,'}b) forming a nanoparticle comprising the polymer and the NPNAM in the post-junction fluid stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a synthetic polymer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:(i) the first solution comprises water or an aqueous solution or buffer; and(ii) the second solution comprises: (w) a neutral or positively charged nucleic acid mimic ( ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING KETOMALONIC ACID COMPOUND USING FLOW REACTOR

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously producing a ketomalonic acid compound such as a ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof, which is an industrially useful compound, on an industrial scale and in a safe and steady manner. The present invention relates to: a method in which a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound and a chlorous acid compound are used as raw material compounds, and these raw material compounds are mixed together to prepare a mixture and the mixture is supplied to a flow reactor continuously, thereby continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof; and a continuous production apparatus for performing the method. 1. A continuous production apparatus , characterized in that the apparatus comprising:(1) a mixing part configured to mix a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound, and a chlorous acid compound;(2) a temperature rising part configured to raise the temperature of the mixed mixture thereof; and(3) a reaction part configured to react the mixture having a temperature raised by the temperature rising part,which is for continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof from the malonic acid diester as a raw material compound,wherein the temperature rising part of (2) and the reaction part of (3) are one or two or more flow reactors.2. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the flow reactors are one or two or more tubular flow reactors.3. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein an equivalent diameter of the tubular flow reactors is from 0.5 mm to 50 mm.4. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature rising part and the reaction part are present in one tubular flow reactor.5. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprising:(4) an aging part configured to further age the reaction ...

System and Method for Catalyst Preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for controlling a polymerization reactor system , the method comprising:(a) contacting a metallocene catalyst system comprising a metallocene compound with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer in a polymerization reactor within the reactor system to produce a polyolefin; subjecting a sample of the solution to a wavelength of light in an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer; and', 'measuring an absorbance of the sample and correlating the absorbance to determine the concentration of the metallocene compound in the solution; and, '(b) determining a concentration of the metallocene compound in a solution comprising the metallocene compound, wherein the concentration is determined by a method comprising the steps of(c) adjusting a flow rate of the metallocene compound into the polymerization reactor when the concentration of the metallocene compound in the solution has reached a predetermined level.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solution comprising the metallocene compound is a catalyst solution feed stream to a precontactor vessel.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solution comprising the metallocene compound is a metallocene ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAKING QUANTUM DOTS

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of making quantum dots (QDs) (passivated or unpassivated) using a continuous flow process, systems for making QDs using a continuous flow process, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the QDs produced using embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in solar photovoltaic cells, bio-imaging, IR emitters, or LEDs. 1. A system for making a quantum dot (QD) , comprising:a mixing device for receiving solution A and solution B, wherein the mixing device is configured to mix solution A and solution B to form solution C;a first coil in fluidic communication with the mixing device, wherein the first coil is configured to form QD seeds from solution C via nucleation; anda second coil positioned in serial communication with the first coil, wherein the second coil is in fluidic communication with the first coil, wherein the second coil is configured to grow the QDs from the QD seeds,wherein the first coil and the second coil are independent of one another.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is a continuous flow process system.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixing device is one or more of a mixing chip or heating column.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of solution A and solution B include a fluorinated fluid.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the fluorinated fluid is one or more of CFN claim 4 , CHN claim 4 , FC-70 claim 4 , FC-71 claim 4 , and FC-770.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first coil is operated at a first temperature and the second coil is operated at a second temperature.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature and the second temperature are different.8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first temperature is about 110 to 130° C.9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the second temperature is about 70 to 90° C.10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more containers in fluidic communication with the mixing device.11. The system of ...

One-step Dual Heater Based Flow Synthesis Setup for Synthesis of Inorganic Particles in Near Ambient Conditions

A method for synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles is disclosed. This synthesis method is single step, based on two heaters and functions using near ambient conditions. This flow method can be used to synthesize a range of inorganic particles. Synthesis of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite with ranging thermal stabilities has been shown in this application. These materials find wide applications as biomaterials, in the form of additives to polymer based composites, for bone filling applications and also as coatings on metallic substrates. 1. A system comprising:a first pump;a second pump;a T-piece reactor comprising a first input, a second input, and an output;a first heater comprising an input and an output; anda second heater comprising an input and an output,wherein;the first pump and the second pump are connected to the first and second inputs of the T-piece reactor,the output of the T-piece reactor is connected to the input of the first heater, andthe output of the first heater is connected to the input of the second heater.2. The system of wherein the first pump is configured to send a first solution to the T-piece reactor.3. The system of wherein the second pump is configured to send a second solution to the T-piece reactor.4. The system of wherein the T-piece reactor is configured such that the first solution reacts with the second solution in the T-piece reactor to form a reaction solution.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein T-piece reactor is configured to pass the reaction solution through the first heater.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein first heater is configured to pass the reaction solution to the second heater.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the outlet of the second heater is configured to pass the reaction solution to a collection container in a continuous manner.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the system claim 7 , the first solution claim 7 , and the second solution are configured to perform a continuous flow synthesis ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING POTASSIUM SULFATE

Systems and methods of producing potassium sulfate can involve converting a mixed salts feed stream into a conversion end slurry in a conversion unit, the mixed salts feed comprising at least one potassium-containing salt, at least one chloride-containing salt, at least one magnesium-containing salt and at least one sulfate-containing salt and the conversion end slurry comprising schoenite; separating conversion end slurry into a conversion end solids stream and a conversion brine; leaching the conversion end solids stream in a crystallization unit to produce a potassium sulfate product stream comprising potassium sulfate and a crystallizer mother liquor comprising magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate; collecting heat generated in the conversion unit by a heat pump; and providing at least a portion of the heat collected to the crystallization unit to regulate a temperature of the potassium sulfate product stream and the crystallizer mother liquor stream contained in the crystallization unit. 1. A method of producing potassium sulfate , the method comprising:converting a mixed salts feed stream into a conversion end slurry in a conversion unit, the mixed salts feed stream comprising at least one potassium-containing salt, at least one chloride-containing salt, at least one magnesium-containing salt and at least one sulfate-containing salt and the conversion end slurry comprising schoenite;separating the conversion end slurry into a conversion end solids stream and a conversion brine by a solid-liquid separator;leaching the conversion end solids stream with water in a crystallization unit to produce a potassium sulfate product stream comprising potassium sulfate and a crystallizer mother liquor stream comprising magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate;collecting heat generated in the conversion unit by a heat pump; andproviding at least a portion of the heat collected from the conversion unit to the crystallization unit to regulate a temperature of the potassium ...