КОНТАКТНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ

Изобретение относится к реакционным контактным структурам, используемым в реакторах алкилирования парафинов в качестве внутренней статической насадки системы, такой как диспергирующее устройство. Система для смешивания содержит вертикальный реактор для осуществления каталитических реакций перемешивания и расположенное в реакционной зоне диспергирующее устройство. Диспергирующее устройство выполнено в виде сетки, сплетенной с многожильным элементом, или вытянутого или раскатанного металла, переплетенного вместе с многожильным элементом, причем многожильную нить выбирают из инертных полимеров, каталитических полимеров, каталитических металлов или их смесей. Проволочная сетка обеспечивает структурную целостность системы, а также, по меньшей мере, 50 об.% открытого пространства в реакторах, необходимого, для перемещения паров и жидкостей через систему. Диспергирующее устройство может иметь форму листов, пучков или пакетов или размещаться внутри рамки. Настоящее изобретение позволяет более эффективно ...

МНОГОНАПРАВЛЕННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СМЕШИВАНИЯ ПАРА И ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ

Группа изобретений относится к внутренним элементам, используемым в псевдоожиженных слоях, в которых твердые частицы и текучая среда движутся в противоположных направлениях. Насадочная система для псевдоожиженного слоя твердых частиц и газа содержит по меньшей мере одну образующую структуру, причем образующая структура содержит множество плоских пластин. Каждая пластина имеет плоскость для обеспечения направления потока газ-твердые частицы вдоль указанной плоскости и пластины расположены в чередующихся пересекающихся плоскостях для обеспечения множества открытых пространств между чередующимися пересекающимися пластинами или вблизи них. Указанные плоскости чередующихся пересекающихся пластин обеспечивают по меньшей мере два различных направления потоков газ-твердые частицы для данной образующей структуры. Одна пластина содержит по меньшей мере один разрыв, который разделяет пластину по меньшей мере на первую отделенную секцию пластины и по меньшей мере вторую отделенную секцию пластины.

ПРОТОЧНЫЙ РЕАКТОР С РАДИАЛЬНЫМ ПОТОКОМ И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКОГО ПОТОКА РЕАГЕНТОВ

Предложенный проточный реактор относится к химической промышленности и применяется для проведения каталитических процессов переработки углеводородов. Реактор снабжен несколькими кольцевыми зонами. Первая кольцевая зона с первым слоем катализатора расположена во внутреннем пространстве реактора и выполнена ограниченной концентрическими внутренней и внешней стенками первого слоя катализатора. Вторая кольцевая зона расположена радиально окружающей первую кольцевую зону. Реактор содержит теплообменные трубы, которые установлены в центральной зоне реактора, либо во второй кольцевой зоне, или в обеих зонах. Внутреннее пространство реактора выполнено с возможностью направления входящего внутрь реактора потока в радиальном направлении к первой кольцевой зоне и через первый слой катализатора во вторую кольцевую зону, а к выходному отверстию реактора - в осевом направлении. Предложен также способ использования данного аппарата для обработки жидкого потока реагентов. Данное изобретение позволяет эффективно ...

МАССООБМЕННАЯ КОЛОННА И КОРОНЧАТЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ ДЛЯ МАССООБМЕННОЙ КОЛОННЫ

Корончатый элемент для закрепления насадки в массообменной колонне содержит удлиненный лист, который содержит верхний элемент, стеновой элемент и нижний элемент, причем стеновой элемент расположен между верхним элементом и нижним элементом таким образом, что первая линия сгиба образуется между верхним элементом и стеновым элементом. Вторая линия сгиба образуется между стеновым элементом и нижним элементом, причем верхний элемент выполнен с множеством разрезов, причем нижний элемент выполнен с множеством выемок. Количество разрезов меньше, чем количество выемок. 2 н. и 12 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ДИОКСИДА ХЛОРА

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Непрерывный способ получения диоксида хлора включает введение хлорат-ионов, пероксида водорода и кислоты в реактор, содержащий внутренние насадочные элементы. Осуществляют взаимодействие указанных хлорат-ионов, пероксида водорода и кислоты в реакторе с образованием потока продуктов, содержащего диоксид хлора. Полученный поток продуктов выводят из реактора. Реактор может содержать неупорядоченно расположенные насадочные элементы или структурированную насадку. Изобретение позволяет повысить эффективность расхода исходных реагентов и производство диоксида хлора, упростить процесс. 14 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 2 пр.

РАСШИРЯЕМОЕ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Группа изобретений относится к расширяемому центральному устройству для реактора, реактору и способу установки расширяемого центрального устройства в реакторе. Расширяемое центральное устройство содержит расширяющуюся трубу, центральную опору внутри расширяющейся трубы и три или более пружинных элементов, прикрепленных к центральной опоре и проходящих дугообразно наружу к расширяющейся трубе. При этом расширяющаяся труба образована из задних концов пружинных элементов, проходящих по спирали вокруг друг друга и перекрывающих друг друга, и является отдельной по отношению к пружинным элементам, а пружинные элементы прижимаются снаружи к расширяющейся трубе, и расширяющаяся труба содержит лист, намотанный множество раз для формирования окружной периферии трубы. Реактор содержит наружную трубу, расширяющуюся трубу внутри наружной трубы, расширяемый носитель катализатора, занимающий кольцевое пространство между расширяющейся трубой и наружной трубой, и три или более изогнутых упругих пружинных ...

РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬ ЖИДКОСТИ СО СМЕСИТЕЛЕМ

Изобретение относится к химической промышленности и может быть использовано для распределения потока жидкости в обменных колоннах для процессов тепло- или массопереноса в процессах криогенного разделения воздуха. Устройство включает в себя коллектор (61) для сбора потока жидкости; смеситель (64) ниже коллектора (61) для приема и перемешивания собранной жидкости; первый трубопровод (66) для приема и передачи части жидкости из первого сектора коллектора (61) в первую зону смесителя (64) и второй трубопровод (68) для приема и передачи вниз части жидкости из второго сектора коллектора (61) во вторую зону смесителя (64). Геометрический центр первого сектора коллектора (61) смещен по окружности относительно геометрического центра первой зоны смесителя (64) и/или геометрический центр второго сектора коллектора (61) смещен по окружности относительно геометрического центра второй зоны смесителя (64). Первый и второй секторы представляют собой геометрические части площади верхней поверхности коллектора ...

СПОСОБ АЛКИЛИРОВАНИЯ С ПОВТОРНЫМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕМ В РЕЗЕРВУАРЕ ДЛЯ ОТСТАИВАНИЯ

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Система для алкилирования олефинов парафином включает реактор алкилирования 100 и резервуар для отстаивания 110, имеющий верхнюю часть 122, промежуточную часть 108 и нижнюю часть 124. Промежуточная часть 108 содержит по меньшей мере одну систему тарелок 112, содержащую перфорированную тарелку 114, содержащую множество отверстий 116 и слой насадки 118, расположенный ниже указанной перфорированной тарелки 114. Углеводородное исходное сырье подают в реактор алкилирования 100 через трубопровод подачи 104. Резервуар для отстаивания 110 функционально связан с реактором алкилирования 100 по потоку текучей среды через трубопровод питания 106. Изобретение позволяет снизить концентрацию органических фторидов в продукте алкилирования. 2 н. и 19 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 8 ил.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ТЕКУЧИХ СРЕД

Изобретение относится к способам очистки текучих сред и может быть использовано в абсорбционной или десорбционной колонне. Устройство для очистки текучих сред включает в себя массообменный аппарат, который содержит легколетучую текучую среду и труднолетучую текучую среду. Массообменный аппарат содержит структурированную набивку, при этом структурированная набивка содержит первый слой (10) набивки и второй слой (100) набивки. Первый слой (10) набивки находится в контакте со вторым слоем (100) набивки, соприкасаясь через дистанционирующие элементы (24, 34, 44, 134, 144). Дистанционирующие элементы (24, 34, 44, 134, 144) являются составной частью первого или второго слоя (10, 100) набивки и выполнены в виде перемычек. Дистанционирующие элементы (24, 34, 44, 134, 144) находятся на вершинах (33, 43, 133, 143), ограничивающих открытые каналы (12, 14, 16, 112, 114, 116). Первый слой (10) набивки и второй слой (100) набивки имеют волнообразный профиль, причем этот волнообразный профиль образует ...

Комбинированное контактное устройство для осуществления процессов тепло- и массообмена

Изобретение относится к тепло- и массообменным аппаратам, в частности к комбинированному контактному устройству, и может быть использовано в химической, нефтеперерабатывающей, пищевой и других отраслях промышленности при осуществлении технологических процессов в противоточных системах газ - жидкость. Устройство выполнено в виде чередующихся коротких слоёв насадки, имеющих различные геометрические характеристики, высоту и различную регулярную структуру. В каждой паре из соседних отдельных слоёв реализуется одна из следующих возможных и различных по отношению к двум другим соседним слоям насадки комбинация режимов течения взаимодействующих потоков - плёночный и режим подвисания, плёночный и режим инверсии фаз, режим подвисания и режим инверсии фаз. Величины средней порозности соседних слоёв насадки ε1и ε2различаются между собой в соответствии с выражением ε2=А⋅ε1, где ε1- величина порозности базового слоя насадки, которая находится в пределах ε1=0,92÷0,96 м3/м3, А - коэффициент, величины ...

НОВАЯ НАСАДКА С ТРЕХМЕРНОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ КОНТАКТА МЕЖДУ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗОЙ И ДИСПЕРГИРОВАННОЙ ТВЕРДОЙ ФАЗОЙ, ПРОТЕКАЮЩЕЙ В ПРОТИВОТОКЕ

Настоящее изобретение относится к насадке с трехмерной структурой, особенно хорошо подходящей для осуществления гомогенного и анизотропного перемешивания газовой фазы и дисперсной твердой фазы, перемещающихся в противотоке; и к применению указанной насадки в отгонной секции установок каталитического крекинга в псевдоожиженном слое. Насадка для установки каталитического крекинга, позволяющая осуществить гомогенный контакт между газовой фазой и эмульсионной фазой, перемещающимися в противотоке, содержит трехмерную структуру, состоящую из повторяющихся простых элементов, образованных секущими плоскостями, указанный трехмерный простой элемент представляет собой сложный объем, ограниченный тремя лопастями, каждая лопасть расположена в одной плоскости, и плоскости образованы таким образом, что, взятые попарно, они всегда имеют пересечение, каждая лопасть расположена в одной из секущих плоскостей, и различные простые элементы распределены в плоскости, отличной от секущих плоскостей, согласно шагу ...

НАБИВКА ДЛЯ ПРОТИВОТОЧНОЙ КОЛОННЫ ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ И КОЛОННА ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

Набивка для противоточной колонны высокого давления содержит упорядоченную структуру построения отформованных, ориентированных параллельно оси колонны пластин. Набивка включает в себя связку полос, проходящих в оси колонны. Каждая полоса состоит из стопки набивочных элементов, причем соседние элементы, относящиеся к разным полосам, образуют соответственно участок набивки, проходящий перпендикулярно оси колонны. Каждый набивочный элемент составлен из пластов, образованных пластинами. Пласты ориентированы таким образом, что щелевидные или каналообразные пустоты между пластинами сбоку ограничены расположенными поперек пластинами соседних набивочных элементов, которые относятся к тому же участку набивки. Колонны с набивками по изобретению могут применяться для химических реакций. В частности, в таких колоннах можно проводить каталитические реакции, при этом поверхность набивки покрыта каталитически активными веществами. Колонны с набивками по изобретению обеспечивают стабильность работы. 2 ...

РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТАРЕЛКА

Полезная модель относится к устройствам, устанавливаемым внутри тепло- и массообменных аппаратов, химических реакторов для равномерной подачи жидкой фазы по всему сечению корпуса, и может найти применение в химической, нефтехимической и других отраслях промышленности и в экологических процессах очистки жидкости и газов от вредных примесей на молекулярном, ионном и дисперсном уровнях. Техническим результатом предлагаемого технического решения является увеличение производительности устройства. Поставленный технический результат достигается при использовании распределительной тарелки, состоящей из плиты, переливных труб, выполненных с возможностью осевого перемещения внутри них газовых патрубков, оснащенных кольцом с положительной плавучестью и кольцевым козырьком, причем кольцевой козырек выполнен в виде подвижных элементов в форме лепестков из листового материала, подвижно соединенных с возможностью их вращения под действием газового потока.

Насадка для массообменного аппарата

Предлагаемое техническое решение относится к насадке для массообменных аппаратов и может найти применение в химической, нефтехимической, металлургической, машиностроительной, пищевой, биохимической и других отраслях промышленности, а также в экологических процессах очистки сточных вод и дымовых газов.Техническим результатом предлагаемой конструкции насадки для массообменного аппарата является увеличение производительности.Поставленный технический результат достигается тем, что насадка для массообменного аппарата, содержащая проволоку, фиксирующие элементы в виде болтов, установленных равномерно по окружности перфорированных дисков в проволоке и закрепленных на концах дисков с отношением диаметра диска к внутреннему диаметру аппарата, подчиняющемуся условию:где d и D – соответственно, диаметр диска и внутренний диаметр аппарата, м; при этом каждый диск представляет собой сегмент сферы, верхний диск установлен в аппарате с образованием выпуклой поверхности, а нижний – с образованием вогнутой ...

Пакетная насадка для контактирования смеси веществ

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Абсорбер насадочный

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Предлагаемое техническое решение относится к насадке для массообменных аппаратов и может найти применение в химической, нефтехимической, металлургической, машиностроительной, пищевой, фармакологической, биохимической и других отраслях промышленности, а также в экологических процессах селективной очистки жидкостных и газовых неоднородных систем.Технический результат достигается при использовании регулируемой насадки для массообменного аппарата, содержащей насадочный материал, фиксирующие элементы в виде болтов, установленные равномерно по окружности перфорированных дисков в насадочном материале и закрепленные на концах дисков, при этом в качестве насадочного материала используется металлическая стружка металлообрабатывающих станков.Техническим результатом предлагаемой регулируемой насадки для массообменного аппарата является интенсификация процессов массопередачи и повышение производительности массообменных аппаратов. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 191 653 U1 (51) МПК B01J 19/32 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 19/32 (2019.05) (21)(22) Заявка: 2019109475, 01.04.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 15.08.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 15.08.2019 Бюл. № 23 Адрес для переписки: 400005, г. Волгоград, пр. Ленина, 28, ВолгГТУ, отдел интеллектуальной собственности (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) (RU) U 1 1 9 1 6 5 3 R U (54) Регулируемая насадка для массообменного аппарата (57) Реферат: Предлагаемое техническое решение относится насадочный материал, фиксирующие элементы к насадке для массообменных аппаратов и может в виде болтов, установленные равномерно по найти применение в химической, окружности перфорированных дисков в нефтехимической, металлургической, насадочном материале и закрепленные на концах ...

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Использование: для использования в дистиляционной колонне для ректификации смесей текучей среды. Сущность: структурированная насадка колонны с гофрами и текстурированными поверхностями имеет определенную конструкцию углов гофра, что позволяет значительно повысить эффективность, особенно в условиях диапазона изменения параметров. 3 с. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 8 ил.

РЕАКТОР СИНТЕЗА МОЧЕВИНЫ

Изобретение относится к реактору для синтеза мочевины, имеющему вертикальный корпус и по меньшей мере одну внутреннюю перфорированную перегородку (3), расположение которой обеспечивает формирование секций в реакторе. Указанная перегородка содержит решетку отдельных перфорированных плиток (10), из которых каждая плитка (101) имеет боковые стенки (101A-101D) и лицевую поверхность (101F), причем по меньшей мере одна из боковых стенок имеет первые перфорационные отверстия, лицевая поверхность имеет вторые перфорационные отверстия, размер которых меньше размера первых перфорационных отверстий, а плитки распределены по перегородке в виде двухмерной матрицы с зазорами (17) между соседними плитками. Первые перфорационные отверстия образуют в реакторе путь предпочтительного протекания жидкой фазы, а вторые перфорационные отверстия образуют путь предпочтительного протекания паровой фазы. Также предложены способ синтеза мочевины из аммиака и диоксида углерода и способ модернизации вертикального реактора ...

СТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫЙ НАСАДОЧНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫЙ С УМЕНЬШЕННЫМ РАСХОДОМ МАТЕРИАЛА

Изобретение относится к структурированному насадочному элементу для колонны, предназначенной для массообмена и/или теплообмена между тяжелой и легкой текучими фазами. Техническим результатом является создание структурированного насадочного элемента, характеризующегося высокой эффективностью массообмена при данной емкости или высокой емкостью при данной эффективности массообмена или меньшим весом при данной эффективности массообмена. При этом структурированный насадочный элемент включает по меньшей мере два слоя сетки, включающей отверстия, которые окружены и отделены друг от друга разделительными элементами. При этом по меньшей мере два из по меньшей мере двух слоев расположены в продольном направлении параллельно в соприкосновении друг с другом так, что между ними образуется открытое пространство, простирающееся от одного конца до противоположного конца по меньшей мере двух слоев, по которому может протекать по меньшей мере одна из фаз - тяжелая и легкая текучая фаза. Причем средняя ширина ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КОСОПЛИССИРОВАННОЙ ЛЕНТЫ И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КОСОПЛИССИРОВАННОЙ ЛЕНТЫ

Устройство для изготовления косоплиссированной ленты состоит из пары расположенных параллельно и заходящих друг в друга зубчатых валков. Подводимая под углом к осям валков лента из материала типа фольги приобретает зигзагообразные складки. Согласно изобретению зубцы являются частями подвижных тяг, которые перемещаются в осевом направлении в пазах корпуса валков. Направляющие средства для тяг выполнены таким образом, что вследствие принудительного перемещения ползунов лента при обработке транспортируется по неподвижной в пространстве траектории. 2 с. и 8 з.п.ф-лы, 10 ил.

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ЗИГЗАГООБРАЗНОГО СКЛАДЫВАНИЯ ПОЛОСОВОЙ ПЛЕНКИ

Изобретение предназначено для получения гофрированных полос материала, используемого для упаковки теплообменных колонн. Зигзагообразное складывание полосообразной пленки в предпочтительном варианте осуществляют с предварительным гофрированием, при котором кромки складки в поперечном сечении выполняют в виде дуг с радиусом кривизны более 1 мм. Дополнительное формование каждой второй кромки складки осуществляют благодаря тому, что посредством гофрирующего инструмента, с одной стороны, оказывается воздействие на угол изгиба и, с другой стороны, радиус кривизны кромки складки уменьшается до величины менее 1 мм. Дополнительное формование остальных кромок складок осуществляют таким же образом, как и во второй операции. Операции дополнительного формования выполняются с помощью качающихся прессовых устройств, которые содержат вращающийся зубчатый валок и гофрирующий инструмент. Гофрирующий инструмент может приводиться в действие с помощью эксцентрика, а посредством качающейся оси он соединен с ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТЕРЕФТАЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Способ и устройство для экономичного получения терефталевой кислоты путем окисления параксилола в растворителе на основе уксусной кислоты, подаваемого в реактор окисления, соединенный с компактно сконструированной дистилляционной колонной, при осуществлении эффективного дистиляционного извлечения параксилола и уксусной кислоты без забивки дистиляционной колонны, указанный способ включает: подачу параксилола и молекулярного кислородсодержащего газа в реактор окисления, соединенный с дистилляционной колонкой, имеющей в своей нижней части сборную тарелку для твердого вещества, состоящую из перфорированных рифленых тарелок, и выше ее насадочный слой и, кроме того, выше его распределительную тарелку для жидкости, для того чтобы вызвать окисление параксилола в растворителе на основе уксусной кислоты в присутствии катализатора и образование терефталевой кислоты; введение окислительного отходящего газа в дистилляционную колонну и сбор тонкодиспергированных твердых веществ посредством сборной тарелки ...

Насадка для контактирования газа и жидкости

Изобретение относится к тепло-, массообменном оборудованию. Насадка содержит образующие пакет ячейки. Ячейки имеют каркас, выполненный в форме прямого непрямоугольного параллелепипеда, и боковые стороны. Боковые стороны, выполненные изогнутыми так, что одни концы противолежащих упомянутых боковых сторон 4 изогнуты навстречу друг другу, а другие их концы 5 изогнуты в противоположных направлениях. Технический результат: повышение турбулентности встречных потоков газа и жидкости за счет несимметричности проходного сечения, повышение скорости прохождения фаз, улучшение способности насадки перераспределять фазы по всему сечению аппарата, в котором установлена насадка. Пакетная насадка обладает высокой производительностью (пропускной способностью по жидкой и газовой фазам), низким гидравлическим сопротивлением, высокими значениями коэффициентов тепло- и массообмена, высокими показателями равномерности распределения жидких и газообразных потоков по сечению аппарата, компактностью и технологичностью ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА

... 1. Способ осуществления поглощения диоксида углерода из потока, содержащего диоксид углерода, в устройстве поглощения с пониженной опасностью образования аэрозоля, где данное устройство поглощения содержит следующие секции в указанной последовательности от нижней части к верхней части резервуара данного устройства:по меньшей мере, одна секция поглощения диоксида углерода,секция "прямоточной" промывки,секция охлаждения,где никакой сепаратор жидкости не находится между секцией поглощения диоксида углерода и секцией промывки,и где данный способ содержит этапы, где:(i) осуществляют проход газового потока, содержащего диоксид углерода, через секцию поглощения диоксида углерода с образованием очищенного газового потока, содержащего растворитель и сниженное содержание диоксида углерода вследствие поглощения диоксида углерода с использованием растворителя,(ii) осуществляют проход данного очищенного газового потока через секцию "прямоточной" промывки, которая работает с конденсатом воды из секции ...

Насадка для массообменных аппаратов

Изобретение относится к насадочным контактным устройствам, применяемым в тепло- и массообменных процессах в противоточных насадочных колоннах. В первую очередь это относится к процессам взаимодействия в системе «жидкость-жидкость» (жидкостная экстракция) и к процессам, где происходит взаимодействие «газ-жидкость» (ректификация, абсорбция, перегонка, теплообмен в скрубберах путем смешения). Изобретение может быть использовано в нефте- и газоперерабатывающей, нефтехимической, газохимической и других отраслях промышленности. Насадка для массообменных аппаратов, в которой для плоских и подлежащих гофрированию листов выполняют просечку в форме шестиугольника с шириной a и высотой h, где a < h, при этом угол при вершине просечки β варьируется от 60 до 90°. На гофрированных просечно-вытяжных листах предусматривают зоны без просечки или с перекрытой просечкой. Соседние гофрированные листы симметричны друг другу относительно плоского листа между ними. Ввод фаз в аппарат осуществляют одним из следующих ...

МАССООБМЕННАЯ КОЛОННА С ПЕРЕКРЕСТНЫМ ТОКОМ ЖИДКОЙ И ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗ

Изобретение относится к перекрестноточным насадочным тепломассообменным колонным аппаратам. Массообменная колонна с перекрестным током жидкой и газовой фаз включает корпус, штуцера ввода сырья, вывода дистиллята и остатка, ввода и вывода вспомогательных потоков, секции перекрестноточной насадки, разделенные по высоте горизонтальными перегородками, имеющими последовательно по ходу газовой фазы в нормальном сечении корпуса окно для прохода газа с входной стороны насадки и сплошной участок с выходной стороны насадки, которые чередуются на соседних по высоте горизонтальных перегородках, с расположенными между смежными секциями насадки и над верхней секцией насадки распределителями жидкости, которые состоят из трех последовательно сопряженных деталей: горизонтального полотна, набора ступеней и глухого кармана. Изобретение обеспечивает высокую эффективность работы массообменной колонны, в которой возможно резкое изменение расходов жидкой фазы, расширение диапазона устойчивой работы аппарата, ...

НЕПОДВИЖНЫЙ ПЛЕНОЧНЫЙ ГЕНЕРАТОР И ПЛЕНОЧНАЯ ОПОРНАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ ДЛЯ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНЫХ МНОГОСТУПЕНЧАТЫХ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИОННЫХ РЕАКТОРОВ

... 1. Сборный узел для расположенного вертикально, работающего по принципу самотека полимеризационного реактора, предназначенного для проведения полимеризации в расплаве полимера, включающий: ! первый неподвижный ряд, образованный одной или несколькими опорными пленочными конструкциями, ориентированными для получения последовательных разнесенных по горизонтали, по существу, вертикальных поверхностей с согласованным просветом, при этом каждая опорная пленочная конструкция имеет первую сторону и вторую сторону, и ! один или более неподвижных пленочных генераторов, расположенных над первым неподвижным рядом опорных пленочных конструкций, которые разделяют и направляют расплав полимера на опорные пленочные конструкции, ! так что, когда расплав полимера течет через сборный узел, первая часть разделенных потоков расплава полимера под действием силы тяжести течет по первой стороне каждой опорной пленочной конструкции, а вторая часть потоков расплава полимера под действием силы тяжести течет по второй ...

СТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫЙ НАСАДОЧНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ, ИМЕЮЩИЙ ФОРМУ ВИНТОВОЙ СПИРАЛИ

РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬ ЖИДКОСТИ

СЪЕМНАЯ КОРЗИНА ДЛЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО РЕАКТОРА

Конструкция реакционно-ректификационного аппарата периодического действия, совмещающего процессы фракционирования нефти с каталитическим крекингом в жидкой фазе (в кубе колонны) в присутствии катализаторов - металлов в наноструктурированной форме и процессом риформинга и изомеризации светлых топливных фракций в газовой фазе на поверхности твердого катализатора в тарельчатом пространстве

КОЛОННА С ЖИДКОСТНЫМИ РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЯМИ И МАССООБМЕННЫМИ ТАРЕЛКАМИ ИЗ УГОЛКОВЫХ ПРОФИЛЕЙ

КОНТАКТНАЯ ТАРЕЛКА С КЛАПАНАМИ ДЛЯ МАССООБМЕННОЙ КОЛОННЫ

СТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫЙ НАСАДОЧНЫЙ МОДУЛЬ ДЛЯ МАССООБМЕННЫХ КОЛОНН

Способ загрузки кольцевых насадок в колонные аппараты

ЧЕРЕДУЮЩАЯСЯ НАСАДКА БОЛЬШОЙ ЕМКОСТИ В ОДНОЙ И ТОЙ ЖЕ СЕКЦИИ ОБМЕННОЙ КОЛОННЫ

... 1. Узел из множества по существу вертикально расположенных рядом друг с другом слоев структурированной насадки, причем каждый слой содержит множество по существу горизонтально расположенных рядом элементов структурированной насадки, при этом каждый элемент структурированной насадки имеет верхний край и нижний край, противоположный верхнему краю, и каждый слой имеет верх, содержащий множество верхних краев, и низ, содержащий множество нижних краев, причем упомянутый узел включает первый слой структурированной насадки, причем по меньшей мере либо один из верхнего края и нижнего края видоизменен по меньшей мере на одном элементе структурированной насадки в первом слое, и второй слой структурированной насадки, расположенный вертикально рядом с первым слоем структурированной насадки, причем верхние края и нижние края не являются видоизмененными по существу на всех элементах структурированной насадки во втором слое, причем один из невидоизмененного верхнего края и невидоизмененного нижнего края ...

КОНТАКТОР ДЛЯ ОБМЕННОЙ КОЛОННЫ, СОСТОЯЩИЙ ИЗ НАБОРА СТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫХ НАСАДОК, КОЛОННА ДЛЯ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА/МАССООБМЕНА, ПЛАВУЧАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ УКАЗАННОЙ КОЛОННЫ

... 1. Контактор для колонны теплообмена и/или массообмена между двумя текучими средами, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один слой (4) насадки, образованный набором, по меньшей мере, из первой структурированной насадки (А) и второй структурированной насадки (В), имеющей более значительную удельную геометрическую поверхность, чем упомянутая первая структурированная насадка (А), отличающийся тем, что главное направление упомянутой первой структурированной насадки параллельно главному направлению упомянутой второй структурированной насадки.2. Контактор по п. 1, в котором упомянутые первая и вторая структурированные насадки выполнены в виде блоков структурированной насадки и в котором каждый блок упомянутой первой структурированной насадки (А) окружен блоками упомянутой второй структурированной насадки (В).3. Контактор по п. 2, в котором упомянутые блоки по существу имеют форму параллелепипеда, цилиндра, призмы и/или участков цилиндра.4. Контактор по одному из пп. 2 или 3, в котором объем каждого ...

ЭКСТРАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛОННА И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

... 1. Противоточная колонна (1) экстрагирования жидкости жидкостью, выполненная с возможностью протекания в ней двух или более жидкостей (2) и содержащая внутри одной общей емкости (3)первый вход (41) для первого жидкого подаваемого потока (51),второй вход (42) для второго жидкого подаваемого потока (52),первый выход (61) для потока (71) продукта,второй выход (62) для потока (72) побочного продукта,секцию (8) перемешивания, включающую в себя средство (9) перемешивания,статическую секцию (10), включающую в себя насадку (11),необязательно коллектор (12) и/или распределитель (13),отличающаяся тем, что внутри общей емкости (3) находится только одна секция (8) перемешивания и только одна или две статические секции (10).2. Колонна (1) по п. 1, которая является, по существу, вертикальной, причем внутри общей емкости (3) находится только одна статическая секция (10), и причем секция (8) перемешивания предпочтительно расположена существенно выше статической секции (10).3. Колонна (1) по любому из п ...

СТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫЕ ЛИСТЫ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ТЕПЛООБМЕННИКОВ И ДРУГИХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

... 1. Лист для изготовления теплообменника, нагревательного трубопровода, распределительной решетки или другой конструкции, имеющей повторяющуюся трехмерную структуру на обеих его поверхностях, при этом структура содержит множество конусообразных выступов и впадин, расположенных вокруг по существу плоскостной центральной области, причем по меньшей мере один из выступов оканчивается по существу плоскостным концом, при этом лист выполнен с возможностью его пакетирования с другими аналогичными листами таким образом, что плоскостной конец листа контактирует с плоскостной центральной областью соседнего листа, и между соседними листами ограничена повторяющаяся структура взаимно соединенных свободных пространств. 2. Лист по п.1, отличающийся тем, что выступы и впадины чередуются вокруг плоскостной центральной области. 3. Лист по п.1, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере один из выступов имеет форму пирамиды. 4. Лист по п.1, отличающийся тем, что все выступы оканчиваются по существу плоскостным концом ...

Регулярная насадка для тепломассообменных аппаратов

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической и смежных с ней отраслях промышленности. Изобретение позволяет повысить эффективность тепломассообмена за счет увеличения поверхности контакта фаз. Насадка состоит из чередующихся винтовых тел разного направления вращения лопастей, в пространствах между смежными рядами винтовых тел разного направления вращения лопастей расположены гофрированные листы с шагом гофр, равным расстоянию между лопастями винтовых тел. 3 ил.

Регулярная насадка для тепломассообменных процессов

Кавитационный диспергатор

Использование: смешение неоднородных жидких сред в различных отраслях народного хозяйства с интенсификацией процессов диспергирования и эмульгирования и повышение качества приготавливаемой смеси со снижением удельных энергозатрат. Сущность изобретения: кави- тационный диспергатор состоит из корпуса и полого ротора, снабженного всасывающей трубой в виде трубы Вентури с винтом, нижний конец которой размещен внутри отражателя , установленного в нижней части корпуса. Расстояние Н нижней части всасывающей трубы Вентури, диаметром D, от поверхности дна корпуса составляет величину Н (0,9-1,3) D, что позволяет обеспечить максимальный насосный эффект при минимальных удельных энергозатратах. 3 ил.

Регулярная насадка для тепломассообменных аппаратов

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Регулярная насадка для тепломассообменных аппаратов

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Насадка контактного тепломассообменного аппарата

Изобретение касается устройств, используемых в контактных тепломассообмен- ных аппаратах для осуществления взаимодействия между потоками газа и жидкости, и позволяет повысить производительность за счет исполнения насадки в виде съемных блоков. Насадка контактного тепломассообменного аппарата содержит периферийные и приосевые конические обечайки, установленные в полости аппарата большими основаниями вверх и вниз со- ответственно. При этом каждая периферийная коническая обечайка укреплена на верхних концах вертикальных пластин , образующих с корпусом аппарата зазор, их нижние концы скреплены на плоском кольце, при этом периферийная коническая обечайка и плоское кольцо выполнены разомкнутыми. 3 ил.

Регулярная насадка

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Регулярная насадка для тепломассообменных аппаратов

Насадочное устройство для массообменных аппаратов

MACCOOБMEHHЫЙ AППAPAT

HACAДKA ПЛEHOЧHOГO AППAPATA

PACKING OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER APPARATUS

Насадка для тепломассообменного аппарата

Изобретение относится к конструкции насадки .для тепломассообменно- го аппарата, которая может быть использована в аппаратах химической промышленности и энергетики. Целью изобретения является уменьшение гидравлического сопротивления по газу, улучшение перемешивания жидкости и повьш1ение удерживающей способности в условиях перекрестного тока контактирующих фаз. Насадка содержит гофрированные листы с выступами, расположенными под углом к вертикальным гофрам с наклоном в сторону движения набегающего газового потока, и выполненными с переменной высотой с максимумом вовпад1оте основного гофра.1 ип. i (Л ...

Насадка для тепломассообменных аппаратов

Изобретение о.тносится к конструкции пакетной насадки и может быть использовано в тепломассообменных аппаратах. Изобретение позволяет упростить монтаж и улучшить контактно-сепарационный эффект. Секционный пакет насадки выполнен из отдельных секций: крайних 1 и 2 и средней 3, имеющих внешние поверхности и поверхности сбора. Внутри каждой секции размещены вертикальные косорифленые листы 6, 7. Внешние поверхности секции выполнены из сплошного листового материала и имеют одинаковую с вертикальными косорифлены- ми листами высоту. Поверхности сбора секций сформированы параллельными одна другой горизонтальными перфорированными полосами 4 одинаковой ширины, расположенными с шагом, большим удвоенной ширины этой полосы. Размещены полосы таким образом, что при сборке секций в пакет перфорированные полосы одной секции симметрично размещались между полосами другой секции с зазором. На нижней торцовой поверхности каждой секции размещены перфорированные полосы 5, которые крепятся к внешним поверхностям ...

Насадка для тепло-массообменных аппаратов

НАСАДКА ДЛЯ ТЕПЛОМАСCiCpBMEHHblX АППАРАТОВ, состоящая из установленных один над другим в шах Фаг./ матном порядке элементов в виде ячеек, отличающаяся тем.вчто, с целью интенсификации процесса массооб-. мена и расширения диапазсиа устойчивсЛ работы путем исключения захлебьгеаяяя насадки, ячейки выполнены в прямых и обратных усеченных конусов, малые основания которыл имеют и дш прохода газа и жидкости, при обратные усеченные конусы вьпцележащего элемента расположены .над прямыми усеченными конусами нижел&кшдего эл еита , а насадка снабжена дискаьш, устаю ленными между прямыми и обратными конусами, и диста1щионными вкладышами, размещенными между ячейками соседЩЕк рядов.

Регулярная насадка с пленочно-капельным течением дисперсной фазы

Аппарат с насадкой

Изобретение относится к тепломассооб- менным и пылеулавливающим аппаратам и может найти применение в химической и других отраслях промышленности для проведения процессов тепломассообмена и пылеулавливания . Целью изобретения является интенсификация протекающих в аппарате процессов за счет роста поверхности контакта взаимодействующих фаз. В аппарате , включающем цилиндрический корпус, патрубки для входа газа и для его выхода, ороситель и сливной патрубок, рабочую зону , ограниченную верхней и нижней опорно-распределительными решетками, между которыми на струнах прикреплены насадоч- ные тела с надрезами, равноотстоящими от центра вращения, и каждый полученный сектор повернут относительно плоскости пластины на угол 30-150°. Сектора противоположных сторон пластины повернуты на одинаковый угол, а углы наклона секторов прилегающих сторон различны. 1 з.п. ф-лы. (/) 3 ил.

Способ изготовления контактносепарационной насадки

Насадка для тепломассообменныхКОлОНН

Колонна с плоскопараллельной насадкой при перекрестном контакте фаз

Изобретение относится к конструкциям контакных аппаратов - перекрестноточных насадочных колонн- и может быть использовано в ректификации и абсорбции. Цель изобретения - повышение разделительной способности колонны за счет создания равномерного распределения перекрестноточно движущихся потоков газа и жидкости в объеме насадки. Каналы в плоскопараллельной насадке, установленной в секциях перекрестноточных насадочных колонн, в направлении движения фаз выполнены переменного сечения с переходом от прямоугольного сечения до треугольного. 1 з.п.ф-лы, 2 ил.

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Регулярная насадка

РЕГУЛЯРНАЯ НАСАДКА, выполненная из зигзагообразной газопроницаемой полосы, закрепленной стержнями в каркасе, отличающаяся тем, 4TjQ, с целью повышения эффективности насадки за счет увеличения поверхности контакта тепломассообменивающихся фаз, каркас выполнен в виде многоугольника, сектора или сегмента и снабжен уголками, которые расположены под углом к боковым граням каркаса. (/} ...

Тепломассообменный аппарат

Насадка

... 1. НАСАДКА, выполненная в виде одноосных гипоциклоидных тел, расположенных рядами в шахматном порядке относительно друг друга, о т л и.ч a ю щ a яся тем, что, с цепью интенсификации процесса, выпуклая сторона гипоциклоидного тела выполнена ступенчатой. 2. Насадка по -п. 1 ,о т л и ч a ю щ a я с я тем, что ступени выпуклой стороны выполнены в виде жалюзей, a вогнутые стороны перфорированы.3 .Насадка по п.1, отличаю щ a я с я тем, что ступени вьтуклой стороны выполнены в виде рифлений. 4.Насадка по п.1, о т л и ч a ю щ a я с я тем, что гипоциклоидное тело выполнено полым. 5.Насадка по п.1, от л и ч ающ a я с я тем, что профиль гипоцик .лоидного тела имеет сферическую форму . 6.Насадка по п.1, о т ли ч a ющаясятем , что профиль гипоциклоидного тела имеет коническую форS му. 7.Насадка по п.1, о т ли ч a щ a я с я тем, что профиль гипоциклоидного тела имеет эллипсоидную форму. 8.Насадка поп.1, отличацщ a я с я тем, что профиль гипоциклоидного тела имеет форму тора.

Массообменный аппарат для взаимодействия газа(пара) с жидкостью

Catalytic reactor

CONVERSION OF NATURAL GAS

A method and device for blowing off gaseous contaminants from crude water in the production of drinking water

Catalytic reactor for performing reactions between gases at elevated temperatures.

A catalytic reactor (10) comprises a plurality of fluid-impermeable elements (tubes or plates) (12) defining flow channels (15) between them. Tight fitting within each flow channel (15) is a sheet (16) of corrugated material whose surfaces are coated with catalytic material. At each end of the reactor (10) are headers (18) to supply gas mixtures to the flow channels (15), the headers communicating with adjacent channels being separate. The reactor (10) enables different gas mixtures to be supplied to adjacent channels (15), which may be at different pressures, and the corresponding chemical reactions are also different. Where one of the reactions is endothermic while the other reaction is exothermic, heat is transferred through the wall of the tube (12) separating the adjacent channels (15) from the exothermic reaction to the endothermic reaction. The reactor (10) may be used in a compact plant to perform steam/methane reforming, obtaining the necessary heat by catalytic methane combustion ...

Conversion of natural gas

Catalytic reactor.

Catalytic reactor

Conversion of natural gas

A method and device for blowing off gaseous contaminants from crude water in the production of drinking water

A method and device for blowing off gaseous contaminants from crude water in the production of drinking water

Conversion of natural gas

Catalytic reactor

MORE FUELLKOERPER FOR PLANTS TO THE EXCHANGE OF MATERIAL AND/OR ENERGY OR MIST ELIMINATOR AND SUCH.

Packing material (tower packing) for systems for exchanging energy and/or matter (mass), or eliminator plate

The packing material serves for systems for exchanging energy and/or material, or as an eliminator plate, e.g. for cooling towers, for trickling (sprinkling, percolating) filters (biofilters) in biological sewage clarifying (purifying) systems, or for chemical columns (towers), for heat exchangers in direct contact with media, for liquid (fluid) distributors, air feeding lines (feeders) or the like. It also comprises a multiplicity of juxtaposed plates 1 arranged to form packets. The individual plates have channels (grooves) 2 which run essentially parallel to one another, or are deformed to form such channels. The channels 2 of neighbouring plates form throughchannels for the media, and the imaginary cross sections of each channel 2 are essentially the same as one another over their length as regards their shape and size. The envelopes 6 of the two outer corners of the outer edge regions of the imaginary cross sections of the individual channels run in the manner of a helix. The helix-like ...

FUELLKOERPER FUER ANLAGEN ZUM ENERGIE- UND/ODER STOFFAUSTAUSCH ZWISCHEN GAS- UND/ODER FLUESSIGEN MEDIEN ODER TROPFENABSCHEIDER

FUELLKOERPER FUER ANLAGEN ZUM WAERME- UND/ODER STOFFAUSTAUSCH ODER ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG CHEMISCHER BZW. BIOCHEMISCHER PROZESSE

REACTOR WITH TWO OR SEVERAL FROM EACH OTHER SEPARATIONS REACTION AREAS

FORMTEIL ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON TRÄGERKÖRPERN FÜR KATALYSATOREN, KONDENSATORKÖRPERN, FILTER OD. DGL.

KONTAKTKORPER FUR HINDURCHSTROMENDE MEDIEN, BEISPIELSWEISE FUR WASSER UND LUFT, INSBESONDERE FUR DEN AUFBAU VON KUHLTURMEN

RIESELEINBAU ZUM KONTAKTIEREN EINER FLUESSIGKEIT MIT EINEM GAS UND VERFAHREN ZU SEINER HERSTELLUNG

Process

The present invention provides a continuous process for the epoxidation of an olefinic compound with an oxidant, which process comprises reaction of an olefinic compound with an oxidant in the presence of a catalyst in an apparatus that comprises a reactive distillation column, which column comprises (i) a reactive section, which comprises the catalyst (ii) a rectifying section situated above the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of reagents and/or by-products from products (ix) a stripping section situated below the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of product from reagents and/or by-products (x) a vessel situated below the stripping section and adapted to provide a source of heat for the column and in which initial vaporisation of one or more of the reagents can occur, wherein the temperature in the reactive section (i) is a temperature at which the reaction between the olefinic compound and the oxidant takes place and the temperature in the stripping section (iii) is higher than the temperature in the rectifying section (ii).

Method of Mass Transfer, Structured Packing and Mass Transfer Apparatus for a Small Liquid Load

A method of mass transfer includes the steps of: supplying a first fluid and a second fluid into a mass transfer apparatus, wherein the mass transfer apparatus includes a vessel which has a head region, a base region and a mass transfer region, wherein the first fluid is brought into contact with the second fluid at least in the mass transfer region, wherein the mass transfer region is arranged between the head region and the base region and the mass transfer region includes a structured packing which includes a plurality of neighboring layers of fabric which includes fiber strands of a non-metallic material. The mass transfer apparatus is operated at a fluid load of at most 3 m 3 /m 2 /h.

Fluid purification unit and fluid purification assembly including the same

A fluid purification unit includes a case including a hollow and a plurality of openings communicating with the hollow to flow a fluid inside into the hollow and outside from the hollow, the case including combining protrusions formed on a first face and concave portions formed on a second face opposite to the first face, each of the combining protrusions having a first cross sectional area and being regularly arranged in a first direction and at a first interval and each of the concave portions having a second area corresponding to the first cross sectional area and being arranged at a second interval corresponding to the first interval.

Stackable structural reactors

A reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component optionally arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component can have fluid ducts for directing fluid flow through the reactor. The fluid ducts are effective for increasing heat transfer in the reactor. The reactor component can further have a washer attached to a top or bottom surface for directing fluid flow.

Reactor packing

A structured packing for insertion in a reactor having an inlet, an outlet, a wall and an axis. The packing comprises a first part, i.e., a reactor core and a second part, i.e., a reactor casing. The second part is free to move relative to the first part. The first part and the second part are inserted in the reactor such that the first part is located proximate the axis and the second part is located between the first part and the reactor wall. In general, the second part will be in contact with the reactor wall.

Isothermal reactor for hydrocarbon nitration

Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. By using an isothermal reactor with multiple input ports for aqueous nitric acid, a hydrocarbon feedstock may be sequentially exposed to a plurality of flows of aqueous nitric acid as it flows through the reactor.

EXPANDING CENTERS FOR STACKABLE STRUCTURAL REACTORS

Described herein are expandable center arrangements for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, for enhancing heat transfer and reactor efficiency. The expandable center arrangement can include a cone being expandable in the radial direction and an expansion weight for promoting expansion of the cone. The cone and expansion weight can be slidably arranged on a center support. Expansion of the cones in the radial direction forces reactor components radially outward to an outer tube that houses the reactor components and expandable center arrangement. Expansion of reactor components towards the outer tube promotes heat for carrying out catalytic reactions. 1. An expandable center arrangement for a reactor comprising:a) a center support;b) a cone positioned on the center support, the cone being expandable in the radial direction and the cone being capable of sliding on the center support;c) an expansion weight positioned on the center support, the expansion weight arranged above the cone.2. The expandable center arrangement of claim 1 , further comprising a locking means positioned on the center support.3. The expandable center arrangement of claim 2 , the locking means arranged above the expansion weight claim 2 , wherein the locking means prevents the expansion weight from moving on the center support in a direction away from the cone.4. The expandable center arrangement of claim 1 , the cone being made of corrugated foil or from a stamped piece of metal.5. The expandable center arrangement of claim 1 , the expansion weight having a center opening for accommodating the center support claim 1 , and the expansion weight being capable of sliding on the center support.6. The expandable center arrangement of claim 1 , the cone being arranged in a downward facing position such that the bottom end of the cone faces the expansion weight claim 1 , and the expansion weight being in direct contact with the cone.7. The expandable center arrangement of claim 6 , the ...

Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors

A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

Conversion of Natural Gas

A process and apparatus for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons comprising reacting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and pressure in contact with a suitable catalyst in a reactive distillation column is disclosed.

Distillation method and structured packing

A method of conducting a distillation process and a cross-corrugated structured packing for use in such a process in which ascending vapor phases and descending liquid phases are contacted in such packing. The cross-corrugated structured packing contains corrugated sheets fabricated of an open cell foam-like material. The liquid phase produces a liquid film descending along struts forming cells of the material and the vapor phase ascends within the cross-corrugated structured packing and enters the cells and contacts the liquid film. The cross-corrugated structured packing is configured such that a superficial velocity at which ambient air would flow through the cross-corrugated structured packing at a pressure drop of 0.3″ wc/ft is no greater than 20 times a reference superficial velocity at which the ambient air would flow through the foam-like material making up the corrugated sheets at the same pressure drop to ensure that vapor enters the cells of the foam-like material.

Restoring Cooling Tower Outlet Fog into Water Cycle Type II

The invented system used in wet cooling tower, restore outlet fog of cooling tower into collection basin and consequently cooling water cycle. This invention consists of three main components; pump and its pertaining piping, waterfall and micron fog eliminator. In the first stage, the air containing fog is passed through a waterfall before exhausting. This action causes some portions of fog to condensate and fall down, remaining droplets of the fog grow and together with air cross the fog eliminator blades. Fog's droplets are entrapped between blades, leave the air, and restore to the tower. Therefore, humidity of exhausted air from tower will be effectively reduced. 1. A cross flow wet cooling tower system for cooling warm water , comprising: a first and second wet cooling system , located at either sides (left and right) of said tower; a main collection basin located and in direct communication with both of said first and second wet cooling systems; at least two pumps; at least two pressurized cooled water outlets and at least two normal water outlets; wherein either side of said main basin comprises one of each of said two pumps , two pressurized cooled water outlet and two normal water outlet; wherein said first and second wet cooling systems are located slanted away from one another creating a sharp angle near said main basin; a suction fan located at top section of said cross cooling tower and above said first and second wet cooling systems; wherein each of said first and second wet cooling system respectively further comprising; multiple first and second sets of fog eliminator systems; first and second warm water inlets; first and second water tanks and first and second fill packing that are located directly underneath said first and second tanks respectively.2. The cross flow wet cooling tower system for cooling warm water of claim 1 , wherein each of said first and second sets of fog eliminator systems respectively comprises claim 1 , first and second sets ...

Inherently safe oxygen/hydrocarbon gas mixer

Provided herein is a gas mixer for the safe mixing of a hydrocarbon containing gas with a gaseous oxidant. The gas mixer and method for mixing described includes a closed mixing vessel where bubbles of gas injected at the bottom of the vessel are mixed during their rise to the top of the vessel, forming a homogeneous mixture that can safely be removed. This simple design and method allows for safe mixing of gases and is applicable to catalytic oxidative processes such as oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins where there is a risk of thermal runaway of reactions.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PACKING AND PACKING

A method of manufacturing packing includes: determining types of a gas and a liquid which are brought into gas-liquid contact and a main plate to be used; calculating a relationship between a contact angle and a liquid film length ratio; determining the arrangement (intervals) of a rib; determining rib conditions; calculating the minimum value of the flow direction length of the rib satisfying the contact angle and a strength requirement; confirming whether or not a liquid film length is greater than the minimum value; and determining the flow direction length of the rib within a range from the minimum value to the liquid film length. 1. A method of manufacturing packing that includes a main plate for forming a liquid film constituting a gas-liquid contact surface , the method comprising:when arranging a rib along a flow direction of the liquid film,calculating a relationship between a contact angle of the liquid film on a surface of the rib and a liquid film length ratio indicating a ratio of a liquid film length until the liquid film is ruptured to a flow direction length of the main plate, anddetermining a design condition of the rib on the basis of a correlation between the contact angle and the liquid film length ratio.2. The method of manufacturing packing according to claim 1 ,wherein in the rib, the contact angle is adjusted so that the liquid film length ratio satisfies a predetermined reference value or a flow direction length of the rib is adjusted so that the liquid film is not ruptured.3. The method of manufacturing packing according to claim 1 , the method further comprising:determining types of a gas and a liquid which are brought into gas-liquid contact and a condition of the main plate;calculating a relationship between the contact angle and the liquid film length ratio;determining an arrangement of the rib;determining a material and a surface shape of the rib;determining a minimum value of the flow direction length of the rib satisfying the contact ...

DEVICE FOR GAS SOLIDS FLUIDIZED SYSTEM TO ENHANCE STRIPPING

A device for the intimate mixing of solid particles and a gaseous medium within a gas-solid fluidized bed, comprising a plurality corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions arranged in alternating intersecting planes that provide a plurality of open spaces between or adjacent the alternating intersecting planar stanchions. The element has a three-dimensional lattice configuration and the corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions are formed from metal having peaks and valleys or ribs, such that the peaks and valleys or ribs are angled at less than 90 degrees from the fall-line of the planar stanchion when assembled into the element. The angled peaks and valleys or ribs form channels that enhance lateral movement of catalyst particles into the spaces between the stanchions to provide improved vapor/solids mixing and contact. 1. A gas-solid fluidized bed comprising: a vessel having a shell and an open internal region within the shell; at least one ripple packing element positioned within the open internal region and comprising a plurality corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions arranged in alternating intersecting planes that provide a plurality of open spaces between or adjacent the alternating intersecting planar stanchions , the ripple packing element having a three-dimensional lattice configuration; solid particles within the ripple packing element; and at least one gas stream flowing counter-currently to the solid particles through the ripple packing element and causing fluidization of the solid particles within the ripple packing element to form the gas-solid fluidized bed.2. The gas-solid fluidized bed of claim 1 , wherein the corrugated planar stanchions comprise peaks and valleys arranged longitudinally or laterally or a combination of both.3. The gas-solid fluidized bed of claim 2 , wherein the peaks and valleys are angled at less than 90 degrees from the fall-line of said planar stanchion when assembled into the ripple packing element.4. The gas-solid ...

PACKING MATERIAL SONICATION

Described herein is a carbon capture system and methods for improving carbon capture through the introduction of sonic transducers within packed beds in the absorber. The system of sonic energy applied to a packed bed can improve yield or transfer rate in systems using a two phase reaction, such as in general absorption systems, distillation systems, or stripping systems. 1. A carbon capture system comprising an absorber with a lower gas inlet and upper gas outlet and an upper solvent inlet and a lower solvent outlet for counterflow with at least one packed bed placed in between all outlets , each packed bed comprising a sonic transducer and a packed material.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sonic transducer is located within the packing bed.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sonic transducer is on the outside of the packed bed.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sonic transducer produces between 1 to 100 kHz.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sonic transducer produces ultrasonic energy.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the packed bed is randomly packed.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the packed bed is structurally packed.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the packing material is selected from the groups consisting of metal claim 1 , polymer claim 1 , fiber claim 1 , wood claim 1 , mineral and combinations thereof.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the packed bed further comprises activated carbon.10. A method for increasing mass transfer in a carbon capture system comprising applying sonic or acoustic energy to a packed bed in an absorber column within the carbon capture system.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the energy is ultrasonic energy.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the applied sonic energy is from sonic transducers attached to the packed bed.13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the applied sonic energy is from sonic transducers placed within to the packed bed.14. A method of increasing yield or transfer rate from a packed bed ...

Ozonization continuous reaction device and a working method thereof

The invention discloses an ozonization continuous reaction device, comprising a raw material inlet, a raw material distributing device, one or plurality of single reaction tubes, a product outlet and an air vent. The first end of the raw material distributing device is communicated with the raw material inlet; the first end of one or plurality of single reaction tubes is communicated with the second end of the raw material distributing device; the product outlet is communicated with the second end of the single reaction tube; ozone is conveyed to the single reaction tube via the air vent. The ozonization continuous reaction device provided by the invention realizes the large-scale and continuous production of the ozonization reaction on the basis of guaranteeing security; as the single reaction tube is arranged, the ozone amount and the liquid raw material existing in the single reaction tube in unit time become fewer, the reaction security is greatly improved; in addition, the liquid raw material and the ozone are continuously fed into the reaction device, the exhaust gas and the products are continuously discharged from the reaction device, the accumulation of the ozone is prevented, the security is greatly guaranteed, and the production capacity also can be improved to a higher level.

Undulating cross-flow fixed film distribution media with unitarily formed end baffle

A wastewater or sludge treatment fixed film cross-flow distribution media corrugated sheet ( 84, 84′, 84 ″) and assemblies ( 118, 118′, 118 ″) thereof include corrugations ( 98, 98′, 98 ″), angled of about 10° to about 80° to the top and the bottom of the sheet and the assemblies. The sheet has a unitarily formed baffle ( 100, 100′, 100 ″) along at least a top portion of an exposed side of the sheet ( 96, 96′, 96 ″) or assemblies ( 130, 130′, 130 ″) exposed to denser wastewater or sludge outside of the assemblies than within the assemblies that is sufficient, when joined with either a like baffle ( 100, 100′, 100 ″) on a like sheet ( 84, 84′, 84 ″) or optional substantially planar interstitial sheets ( 132, 132′, 132 ″) adjacent the corrugated sheets, to substantially block air used in a sparging system from exiting or the denser wastewater or sludge being treated from entering the exposed side ( 96, 96′, 96 ″) of the sheet or the exposed side ( 130, 130′, 130 ″) of the assemblies. Beneficial biomass forming biofilm on the surfaces within the assemblies is controlled, effectively treating the wastewater or sludge.

STACKABLE STRUCTURAL REACTORS

A reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component optionally arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component can have fluid ducts for directing fluid flow through the reactor. The fluid ducts are effective for increasing heat transfer in the reactor. The reactor component can further have a washer attached to a top or bottom surface for directing fluid flow. 1. A reactor comprising:a fan arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube, the fan having an outer diameter face facing the reactor tube for directing fluid flow to contact the reactor tube and promote heat transfer along the reactor tube,the outer diameter face of the fan having a notch extending around the perimeter of the outer diameter face, the notch being a recessed portion of the outer diameter face of the fan.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the notch extends uniformly around the perimeter of the outer diameter face of the fan.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the notch creates a radial gap between the outer diameter face and the reactor tube.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the notch has a radial depth that extends inward from the outer diameter face of the fan claim 1 , the radial depth being in the range of 1 to 15 mm.5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the fan has a circular outer diameter face.6. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter face of the fan has two or more notches.7. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the notch has a height and the height is defined by a nose portion of the fan.8. The reactor of claim 7 , wherein the height is in the range of 4 to 50 mm.9. The reactor of claim 7 , wherein the nose portion is in contact with the reactor tube.10. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the fan has an upper nose portion and a lower nose portion claim 1 , the upper nose portion and the lower nose portion extend radially around the outer diameter face of the fan.11. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein the upper nose portion and ...

ENHANCED EFFICIENCY ENDOTHERMIC REACTOR FOR SYNGAS PRODUCTION WITH FLEXIBLE HEAT RECOVERY TO MEET LOW EXPORT STEAM GENERATION

An apparatus for carrying out endothermic reactions including a plurality of catalytic vessels, immersed in a combustion chamber having a contiguous overlaid convection chamber enclosing a top portion of the catalytic vessels wherein heat is recovered at a lower temperature level from the flue gases from the combustion chamber. The catalytic vessels may contain internal and coaxial heat recovery tubes creating an annular space filled in with a catalytic device. Both the external heat recovery through the catalyst tube outer surface and the internal heat recovery through the inner tube surface can be maximized by an enhanced catalytic device acting also as a heat transfer promoter in the process gas region. The apparatus provides enhanced and flexible heat recovery that permits to meet the request of minimum or none export steam production in one single apparatus, avoiding the need of a pre-reforming section and/or of a convective reformer downstream. 114-. (canceled)15. An apparatus for conducting endothermic reactions able to meet the heat balance with a null or limited amount of export steam , through a flexible heat recovery , comprising:a combustion chamber having a closed bottom end, an open top end, two opposite end walls, and two opposite side walls;an upper convection chamber, in communication with said combustion chamber through said open top end, allowing the flow of flue gas through a plurality of convection channels in flow communication with a top plenum chamber connected to an outlet flue gas channel;a plurality of catalytic vessels arranged at a distance and disposed in line or staggered along the centerline of the combustion and convection chamber in such a way that the bottom portion is immersed in the combustion chamber and the remaining top portion is immersed in the convection chamber wherein the portion of the catalytic vessel immersed in the combustion chamber is such that the flue gas temperature at its exit and inlet of the convection chamber ...

Contacter

A device comprises a structure () for conducting a first fluid, the structure () having in addition an interface for conducting a second fluid, wherein the first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid at the interface of the structure. A flow interrupter () for interrupting a flow of the second fluid is situated at the interface of the structure (). 115-. (canceled)161000100010001200. A device comprising a structure (.) for conducting a first fluid , whereby the structure (.) comprises a contact zone , which contact zone is designed to conduct a second fluid , and whereby in the contact zone the first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid , wherein in the contact zone (.) at least one flow breaker (.) is provided for interrupting a flow of the second fluid.17120001200. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the flow breaker (.) comprises at least two ledges (.) claim 16 , whereby the second fluid can flow in a second direction claim 16 , which crosses the direction of the ledges.1810001200. The device according to claims 16 , wherein the structure (.) is designed in such a manner and the flow breaker (.) is arranged in such a manner that the first fluid can flow in a first direction claims 16 , which crosses a flow breaker unit.19. The device according to claim 18 , wherein the first direction with the ledge direction includes an angle of 60° to 90°.201200122012001210. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the ledge (.) comprises a region (.) proximal to the structure claim 16 , which has a first wettability claim 16 , and wherein the ledge (.) has a region (.) distal to the structure claim 16 , which has a second wettability that is different from the first wettability.211000. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the structure (.) comprises one or several of the following features:e) a tissue;f) an open-pored material;g) capillaries;h) step structure.2210001200. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the ...

Packing element for a structured packing with specific mounting clips

The present invention relates to a packing element for a structured packing including at least two adjacent corrugated sheets, wherein each of the corrugated sheets comprises a plurality of alternately oriented peaks and troughs, wherein adjacent corrugated sheets are oriented such that the corrugations of the adjacent corrugated sheets intersect in crisscross fashion with the corrugations of the corrugated sheets extending obliquely relative to the vertical direction, wherein each corrugated sheet contacts each of the adjacent corrugated sheets at points of intersection between the corrugations of the corrugated sheet and those of the adjacent corrugated sheets, wherein all corrugated sheets are tied together by means of at least one rod, wherein the at least one rod penetrates the corrugated sheets perpendicularly to the longitudinal section of the corrugated sheets, wherein on the at least one rod before the first corrugated sheet of the packing element and/or after the last corrugated sheet of the packing element at least one mounting clip is provided for fixing the corrugated sheets on the rod, wherein the mounting clip comprises a central part forming a coupling portion for coupling the mounting clip to the rod and two opposing lateral parts forming a clamping portion for a clamping engagement with the corrugated sheet, wherein the lateral parts are connected with the central part and angled with respect to the central part.

Supporting collector for a packing column

A supporting collector for supporting a package, comprising: a plurality of collecting trays for receiving a liquid phase falling from the package; a plurality of guide elements arranged above the collecting trays for guiding the falling liquid phase into the collecting trays; and a supporting grid connected to the guide elements for laying the package on the supporting grid. According to the invention the supporting grid, the guide elements, and the collecting trays are formed integrally on one another and form a supporting unit, wherein the supporting grid, the guiding elements, and the collecting trays are formed by 3D printing and are formed integrally on one another by the 3D printing. A corresponding method for producing a supporting collector is also disclosed.

Deposition Cartridge for Production Materials via the Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

An electrically heated deposition cartridge for use in the production of materials via the chemical vapor deposition process that has (i) a higher ratio of surface area to volume than a seed rod pair, (ii) a higher ratio of starting effective deposition surface area to final effective deposition surface area than a seed rod pair, and (iii) a higher ratio of effective deposition surface area to gross surface area than a basic deposition plate, which are achieved by reaching and maintaining the desired temperatures on all desired surfaces of the deposition cartridge, which in turn is achieved by distribution of the desired amount of current through all desired cross-sectional areas of the deposition cartridge. 1. An electrically heated deposition cartridge for use in the production of materials via the chemical vapor deposition process that has (i) a higher ratio of surface area to volume than a seed rod pair , (ii) a higher ratio of starting effective deposition surface area to final effective deposition surface area than a seed rod pair , and (iii) a higher ratio of effective deposition surface area to gross surface area than a basic deposition plate , which are achieved by reaching and maintaining the desired temperatures on all desired surfaces of the deposition cartridge , which in turn is achieved by distribution of the desired amount of current through all desired cross-sectional areas of the deposition cartridge.2. The deposition cartridge in where distribution of the desired amount of current throughout the desired cross-sectional areas of the deposition cartridge is achieved by connecting distribution rods of the appropriate material and size to a solid distribution plate of the appropriate material and size such that the distribution rods evenly distribute current throughout the entire cross-sectional area of the solid distribution plate.3. The deposition cartridge in where distribution of the desired amount of current throughout the desired cross-sectional ...

Contacting device and method

The present invention provides a vapor-liquid contact device for use in a distillation column and method incorporating the use of such a vapor-liquid contact device. The vapor-liquid contact device has arrays of elongated strips to support a falling film of a liquid and contact of a vapor with the film. The strips are supported in a structure having top and bottom sections connected to opposite ends of the strips. The top sections have apertures in registry with the strips so that liquid distributed to the top section seeps out of the apertures to initiate formation of the falling film. Openings are provided at the top and bottom sections, so that a vapor is able to pass through the support structure to contact the falling film to effect contact between the liquid and the vapor. Liquid distributors are associated with the top section to distribute the liquid to the apertures.

Process for Preparing Fluorobenzene and Benzoic Acid Hypofluorite

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, the elemental fluorine (F2) is preferably present in a high concentration, e.g. in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume (i.e., at least 15% or even 20% by volume), and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene starting from benzoic acid by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas. The elemental fluorine (F) is preferably present in high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of benzoic acid hypofluorite by direct fluorination of benzoic acid. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinatedbenzene, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications. 1. A process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene , preferably monofluorobenzene , wherein the process comprises a plurality of steps of:a) provision of a liquid medium comprising benzoic acid as starting compound;{'sub': '2', 'b) provision of a fluorination gas comprising or consisting of elemental fluorine (F), preferably wherein the fluorine is present in the fluorination gas in a high concentration of at least substantially more than, in particular very much more than 15% by volume (vol.-%), preferably equal to or more than 20% by volume (vol.-%);'}{'sub': '2', 'c) provision of a first reactor or reactor system, resistant to elemental fluorine (F) and hydrogen fluoride (HF);'}{'sub': '2', 'd) in a step of direct fluorination, passing the fluorination gas of b),in a reactor or reactor system of c), through the liquid medium of a) comprising the benzoic acid as starting compound, and thereby reacting the benzoic acid starting compound with the elemental fluorine (F) of the fluorination gas a) to substitute in ...

Counter-Current Fluidized Bed Reactor for the Dehydrogenation of Olefins

A process and apparatus for the dehydrogenation of paraffins is presented. The process utilizes a reactor that includes a slower flow of catalyst through the reactor, with a counter current flow of gas through the catalyst bed. The catalyst is regenerated and distributed over the top of the catalyst bed, and travels through the bed with the aid of reactor internals to limit backmixing of the catalyst.

HYDROPHILIZED MATERIAL, HYDROPHILIZED MEMBER, AND GAS-LIQUID CONTACT APPARATUS IN WHICH SAME IS USED

A hydrophilized material has a surface provided with surface roughness that arithmetic mean roughness is 0.3 μm to 1.0 μm and mean width of roughness profile elements is 0.1 mm or less. A hydrophilized member that contacts a liquid is at least partially made of the hydrophilized material. The hydrophilized member is applicable to a gas-liquid contact apparatus having a gas-liquid contact section, a liquid supply system, and a gas supply system, to constitute the gas-liquid contact section as a packing element. Wettability imparted due to the surface roughness is exhibited continuously. 1. A hydrophilized material having a surface provided with surface roughness in which arithmetic mean roughness is 0.3 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less and mean width of roughness profile elements is 0.1 mm or less.2. The hydrophilized material according to claim 1 , wherein in the surface claim 1 , the arithmetic mean roughness is 0.3 to 0.8 μm and the mean width of roughness profile elements is 0.02 to 0.1 mm.3. The hydrophilized material according to claim 1 , being composed of a metal or a plastic claim 1 , wherein the metal includes a simple metal or an alloy claim 1 , made of at least one metal element selected from iron claim 1 , copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , and aluminum claim 1 , and the plastic includes at least one plastic selected from acrylic polymer claim 1 , polyimide claim 1 , polyolefin claim 1 , epoxy resin claim 1 , phenolic resin claim 1 , polyvinyl chloride claim 1 , and fluororesin.4. The hydrophilized material according to claim 2 , being composed of a metal or a plastic claim 2 , wherein the metal includes a simple metal or an alloy claim 2 , made of at least one metal element selected from iron claim 2 , copper claim 2 , nickel claim 2 , titanium claim 2 , zirconium claim 2 , and aluminum claim 2 , and the plastic includes at least one plastic selected from acrylic polymer claim 2 , polyimide claim 2 , polyolefin claim 2 ...

Annular divided wall column for an air separation unit

An annular divided wall column for the cryogenic rectification of air or constituents of air is provided. The annular divided wall column includes a first annular column wall and a second annular column wall disposed within the first annular column wall and radially spaced therefrom to define an annulus column region as the space between the first annular column wall and the second annular column wall. An interior core column region is also defined by the interior space of the second annular column wall. The present annular divided wall column further includes a plurality of packing elements, plurality of trays or a heat exchange device disposed within the interior core column region; and a plurality of packing elements disposed within the annulus column region.

STRUCTURED PACKING MODULE FOR USE IN A MASS TRANSFER COLUMN AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLY

A structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column. Corrugated sheets of structured packing in the structured packing module are held together by fasteners that extend into the corrugated sheets from opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets. 120-. (canceled)21. A structured packing module comprising:a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module; andfasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module and have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets.22. The structured packing module of claim 21 , wherein each of the structured packing sheets is corrugated with parallel corrugations and the structured packing sheets are arranged so that the corrugations of each one of the structured packing modules extend at an oblique angle to the corrugations of the adjacent ones of the structured packing modules.23. The structured packing module of claim 22 , wherein each of the fasteners does not extend to the opposite side of the structured packing module.24. The structured packing module of claim 22 , wherein each of the fasteners extending from one of the sides of the structured packing module is paired with another one of the fasteners that extends from the opposite side of the structured packing module.25. The structured packing module of claim 24 , ...

PACKING ASSEMBLY, MATERIAL EXCHANGE COLUMN, AND METHOD

The invention relates to a packing assembly for a material exchange column, comprising at least one structured packing plate and a container in which the at least one structured packing plate is arranged. The at least one structured packing plate has packing packets. Each packing packet has interconnected packing sheets. The packing sheets are corrugated and have corrugation peaks and corrugation valleys. Adjacent packing sheets contact each other at the corrugation peaks. Additional corrugated packing sheets are added between the packing packets such that the at least one packing plate is pretensioned against the container in a radial direction thereof. Both the corrugated packing sheets of the packing packets as well as the additional corrugated packing sheet added between the packing packets are arranged solely on a common preferred plane or parallel thereto. 165136412364136414256425657625762747557627457624256364125762425657624256. A packing assembly () for a mass transfer column () comprising at least one structured packing plate (-) and a vessel () , in which the at least one structured packing plate (-) is arranged , wherein the at least one structured packing plate (-) has packing packets (-) , wherein each packing packet (-) comprises interconnected packing sheets (-) , wherein the packing sheets (-) are corrugated and have corrugation peaks () and corrugation valleys () , wherein neighboring packing sheets (-) contact one another at the corrugation peaks () , wherein additional corrugated packing sheets (-) are inserted between the packing packets (-) in such a way that the at least one packing plate (-) is pretensioned in a radial direction (R) of the vessel () against the latter , and wherein both the corrugated packing sheets (-) of the packing packets (-) and the additional corrugated packing sheets (-) inserted between the packing packets (-) are arranged exclusively in or parallel to a common preferred plane (VE).24256. The packing assembly as claimed ...

OPTIMIZED PACKING STRUCTURE FOR FLUID CONTACTING COLUMN AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

The present invention relates to a packing structure made up of an ordered arrangement of bundles of tubes (). For each tube bundle, tubes () are oriented in the four directions formed by the diagonals of a rectangular parallelepiped having one dimension larger than the others. 1. A packing structure for a fluid contacting column , said structure forming a volume comprising an ordered arrangement of bundles of tubes , the walls of said tubes comprising orifices provided so as to promote circulation and mixing of the fluids in said structure , characterized in that each bundle comprises four tubes respectively oriented in the four directions formed by the diagonals of a rectangular parallelepiped , said rectangular parallelepiped having one side dimension larger than the others.2. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the larger dimension of the rectangular parallelepiped is oriented in the vertical direction of said packing structure.3. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the angle of orientation of the axis of said tubes with respect to a vertical axis ranges between 20° and 50° claim 1 , preferably between 30° and 45°.4. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein hydraulic diameter of tubes ranges between 5 and 50 mm.5. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said tubes have a substantially circular or elliptical section.6. A structure as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the section of said tubes is a polygon.7. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said structure comprises a plurality of parallelepipedic blocks made up of the ordered arrangement of tube bundles.8. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said orifices are inscribed in rectangles whose sides range between 2 and 45 mm claim 1 , and each one of said orifices extends over a surface area greater than 2 mm.9. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the surface area of orifices to the surface area of the solid part of said tubes ranges between 10% and 90% claim 1 ...

MULTIFUNCTIONAL INTENSIFIED REACTOR DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

A packing device for mass and heat transfer with a subject fluid includes a housing having opposing ends, and subject fluid openings at each opposing end defining a subject fluid flow path for at least one subject fluid flowing through the packing device. A plurality of mass and heat transfer plates each include an interior heat exchange fluid channel disposed between interior heat transfer surfaces of the mass and heat transfer plates. A heat exchange fluid inlet and fluid outlet can supply and remove heat exchange fluid to the heat exchange fluid channels of the mass and heat transfer plates. The mass and heat transfer plates can be oriented to define there between fluid flow channels for the subject fluid. A method and system for mass and heat transfer with a subject fluid, and a method and system for the removal of COfrom a gas stream are disclosed. 1. A packing device for mass and heat transfer with a subject fluid , comprising:a housing having opposing ends, and subject fluid openings at each opposing end defining a subject fluid flow path for at least one subject fluid flowing through the packing device;a plurality of mass and heat transfer plates each comprising opposing mass and heat transfer sides, the mass and heat transfer sides comprising interior heat transfer surfaces and exterior mass and heat transfer surfaces for contacting the at least one subject fluid, and an interior heat exchange fluid channel disposed between the interior heat transfer surfaces of the mass and heat transfer sides;a heat exchange fluid inlet for supplying heat exchange fluid to the heat exchange fluid channels of the mass and heat transfer plates, and a heat exchange fluid outlet for removing heat exchange fluid from the heat exchange fluid channels of the mass and heat transfer plates;the mass and heat transfer plates being oriented with the exterior mass and heat transfer surfaces aligned with the subject fluid flow path and to the exterior mass and heat transfer surfaces of ...

METHOD AND TOOL FOR INSTALLING REACTOR COMPONENTS

The invention includes a reactor installation device comprising a flexible band, a first tab, a second tab, and a mechanical stop. The flexible band has a first end, a second end, a top edge and a bottom edge. The first tab is attached at or near the first end, the second tab is attached at or near the second end, and the both tabs are attached at or near the top edge of the flexible band. The mechanical stop is attached to the flexible band, the first tab, and/or the second tab, between the top edge and the bottom edge of the flexible band. The flexible band is capable of being bent into the shape of a circle by bringing the first and second tabs into contact. The invention also includes a method of inserting a skirt seal into a stackable structural reactor using the reactor installation device. 1. A reactor installation device comprising a flexible band , a first tab , a second tab , and a mechanical stop , wherein:(a) the flexible band has a first end, a second end, a top edge and a bottom edge;(b) the first tab is attached at or near the first end of the flexible band, the second tab is attached at or near the second end of the flexible band, and the first and second tabs are attached at or near the top edge of the flexible band;(c) the mechanical stop is attached to the flexible band, the first tab, and/or the second tab, between the top edge and the bottom edge of the flexible band;wherein allows the flexible band is capable of being bent into the shape of a circle by bringing the first and second tabs into contact.2. The reactor installation device of further comprising a pipe for encompassing the center support of a stackable structural reactor.3. The reactor installation device of wherein the flexible band and the pipe are attached by a securing means.4. The reactor installation device of wherein the flexible band and the pipe are unattached.5. The reactor installation device of further comprising a clasp that is attached at or near the top edge of the ...

Mass-transfer machine

In an apparatus for mass transfer between a liquid and a gas inside a rotor, the liquid is supplied to a center of the rotor and is driven outward by centrifugal force generated by rotation of the rotor, the gas surrounding the rotor is forced inward through the rotor by a pressure of the gas, counter to the liquid flow in the rotor, and the rotor has a plurality of passages lying in the plane of the rotor that begin at a center of the rotor and terminate at an outer circumference of the rotor. The passages are each filled with a packing that increases the area of contact between the liquid and the gas.

STRUCTURED PACKING ELEMENT FORMED BY A FLAT PLATE PROVIDED WITH SLOTS AND RECESSES

The present invention relates to a structured packing element () having the shape of a rectangular flat plate, provided with slots () and recesses (). The slots () are intended for assembly by interlocking the structured packing elements together in order to form the structured packing. The recesses () are provided in order to form channels within the structured packing. 1. Structured packing element having the shape of a substantially rectangular flat plate , wherein the packing element comprises at least two slots for interlocking two packing elements inclined with respect to one another , and at least two recesses for forming channels within the structured packing , the slots and the recesses being distributed over both lengths of the flat plate symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the flat plate.2. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the slots are substantially rectangular.3. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the slots have a height h substantially equal to the thickness e of the flat plate.4. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the recesses are substantially triangular.5. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the recesses are arranged between two slots.6. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the length L of the flat plate is comprised between 25 and 100 cm claim 1 , preferably between 45 and 55 cm.7. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the width l of the flat plate is comprised between 3 and 15 cm claim 1 , preferably between 5 and 10 cm.8. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the thickness e of the flat plate is comprised between 2 and 10 mm claim 1 , preferably between 4 and 8 mm.9. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the distance d between two consecutive slots is comprised between 1 and 50 cm claim 1 , preferably between 10 and 30 cm.10121. Packing structure forming a volume comprising an arrangement of packing elements according to claim 1 , ...

REACTOR PACKING

A structured packing for insertion in a reactor having an inlet, an outlet, a wall and an axis. The packing comprises a first part, i.e., a reactor core and a second part, i.e., a reactor casing. The second part is free to move relative to the first part. The first part and the second part are inserted in the reactor such that the first part is located proximate the axis and the second part is located between the first part and the reactor wall. In general, the second part will be in contact with the reactor wall. 1. A structured packing for insertion in a reactor having an inlet , an outlet , a wall and an axis , said packing comprising a first part and a second part wherein at least one of:the first part has at least one outer surface and/or outer edge oriented at an oblique angle to the reactor wall and in which the second part can move along said outer surface and/or outer edge, andthe second part is free to move relative to the first part, and wherein the second part has at least one inner surface and/or inner edge oriented at an oblique angle to the reactor wall and in which the first part can move along said inner surface and/or inner edge.2. The packing of wherein the first part and the second part are insertable in the reactor such that the first part is located proximate the axis and the second part is located between the first part and the reactor wall.3. The packing of wherein the second part is in contact with the reactor wall.4. The packing of wherein prior to insertion in the reactor claim 2 , the second part has an outer peripheral length greater than the inner circumference of the reactor wall.5. The packing of wherein the outer peripheral length of the second part is about 1 to about 5% greater than the inner circumference of the reactor wall.6. The packing of wherein prior to insertion in the reactor claim 2 , the second part has an outer peripheral length equal to the inner circumference of the reactor wall.7. The packing of wherein prior to ...

Apparatus and method installing a packing disk of a structured packing into a vessel of a material-exchange column

An apparatus is provided for installing a packing disk of a structured packing into a vessel of a material-exchange column. The apparatus comprises a separating device for separating the endless packing strip into individual packing sheets, a conveying device for conveying individual packing sheets to the vessel, to stack the individual packing sheets in the vessel to form the packing disk, and a measuring device designed to measure a preferably horizontal distance between two mutually opposite points of an internal contour of the vessel. The separating device is designed to separate individual packing sheets from the endless packing strip such that a respective length of the packing sheets is less than or equal to the measured distance. A central axis of the vessel is arranged horizontally in the apparatus.

Exchange Column With Corrugated Structured Packing And Method For Use Thereof

An exchange column having at least a first layer of structured packing and a second layer of structured packing, each layer formed from corrugated plates, the corrugated plates of the second layer having an orientation that is rotated at an angle relative to the corrugated plates of the first layer from 20° to 90°, wherein the vertical height of the first layer and/or the vertical height of the second layer is greater than 350 mm or greater than 400 mm. 1. An exchange column comprising:{'sup': '2', 'one or more walls defining one or more volumes within the one or more walls, at least one volume of the one or more volumes having a longitudinal axis and a cross section normal to the longitudinal axis, the cross section having an area greater than 0.636 m;'} (i-a) a first set of corrugated plates disposed in vertically parallel relation, each corrugated plate of the first set of corrugated plates having at least one aperture and a plurality of regularly spaced corrugations disposed in crisscrossing relation to the corrugations of an adjacent corrugated plate, the first set of corrugated plates having a vertical height, wherein the height of the first layer is the vertical height of the first set of corrugated plates, or', '(i-b) a first group of two or more sets of corrugated plates, the corrugated plates of each set of the two or more sets disposed in vertically parallel relation, each corrugated plate of each set having at least one aperture and a plurality of regularly spaced corrugations disposed in crisscrossing relation to the corrugations of an adjacent corrugated plate, the two or more sets of corrugated plates of the first group positioned vertically relative to one another, wherein the corrugated plates of the two or more sets of corrugated plates of the first group are aligned or rotated relative to the corrugated plates of an adjacent set of the two or more sets by less than 5°, wherein the two or more sets of corrugated plates of the first group have a ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN APPARATUS FOR EXCHANGING HEAT AND MATERIAL

A method for manufacturing a heat and material exchange apparatus having a plurality of columns and by a series of at least three metal plates of rectangular section, the plates being substantially all of the same shape and dimensions, each plate being separated from the adjacent plate by a group of hollow metal columns that are aligned and have a section which is polygonal, the columns of each group being parallel to one another, at least some of the columns of a group containing a material and heat exchange means, at least the parts of the plates which are in contact with the columns being coated with a brazing material wherein the plates are secured to the columns by placing the exchange apparatus in a furnace and by heating the furnace in order to braze the apparatus to form a parallelepipedal block.

STRIPPER AND PACKING APPARATUSES

A packing system includes a first packing element layer including a plurality of blades and a second packing element layer including a plurality of blades. The packing system includes intra-layer variation and/or inter-layer variation. Intra-layer variation includes (i) varying spacing between blades within the first and/or the second packing element layer, (ii) varying sizes of the blades within the first and/or the second packing element layer, and/or (iii) varying angle of inclination of the blades within the first and/or second packing element layer. Inter-layer variation includes the blades of the first packing layer having a first spacing, a first size and a first angle of inclination, and the blades of the second packing layer having a second spacing, a second size, and a second angle of inclination. The second spacing, size, and/or angle of inclination is different from the first spacing, size, and/or angle of inclination. 1. A packing system comprising:a first packing element layer including a plurality of blades; anda second packing element layer including a plurality of blades, wherein the packing system includes at least one of intra-layer variation or inter-layer variation, wherein intra-layer variation includes at least one of (i) varying spacing between blades within at least one of the first packing element layer or the second packing element layer, (ii) varying sizes of the blades within at least one of the first packing element layer or the second packing element layer, or (iii) varying angle of inclination of the blades within at least one of the first packing element layer or the second packing element layer, and wherein inter-layer variation includes the blades of the first packing layer having a first spacing, a first size, and a first angle of inclination and the blades of the second packing layer having a second spacing, a second size, and a second angle of inclination, wherein at least one of the second spacing, the second size, or the ...

NEW THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURED PACKING FOR IMPROVING THE CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A DISPERSED SOLID PHASE FOLLOWING IN COUNTER-CURRENT

The present invention describes a packing with a three-dimensional structure which is particularly suited to creating homogenous and anisotropic mixing between the gas phase and a dispersed solid phase moving in counter-current flow. Application of this packing to the stripper of fluidized catalytic cracking units. 1. A packing that makes it possible to achieve homogeneous contact between a gas phase and an emulsion phase flowing in counter-current , said packing being characterized by a three-dimensional structure , consisting in reproducing an elementary pattern produced by means of 3 secant planes , said elementary three-dimensional pattern being a complex volume delimited by 3 vanes , each vane belonging to a plane , and the 3 planes thus defined being such that , considered in pairs , they always have an intersection , each vane being situated in one of the secant planes , and the various elementary patterns being distributed in a plane that is distinct from the 3 secant planes with a triangular pitch spacing , this plane being referred to as a distribution layer , and the final structure corresponding to a vertical stack of several parallel distribution layers , each of these layers having the same density of elementary patterns , in which packing said elementary patterns are inscribed inside a triangular-pitch mesh , the pitch spacing being from 1 to 1.5 times the minimum distance d defined by d=(a+a*cos(60°)+b/2 sin(90°−α)) , the angle α being the angle that the vanes of the pattern make with the horizontal , and which is comprised between 45° and 75° , and preferably between 55° and 65° ,a being the width of the vanes and comprised between 3 cm and 30 cm, and preferably between 5 cm and 15 cm, and b being the distance separating two successive layers and comprised between 3 cm and 50 cm, and preferably between 6 cm and 20 cm, and the successive layers being such that, from one layer to the next, the triangle formed by the 3 most closely-spaced elementary ...

Apparatus for exchanging heat and material

A direct heat exchange and material transfer apparatus having a plurality of columns, a single stack of at least two solid metal plates of rectangular section, the plates being substantially all of the same shape and dimensions and parallel to a determined direction, each plate being separated from the adjacent plate, at least in a first direct heat exchange and material transfer zone of the apparatus, by a group of hollow metal columns that are aligned and have a section which is polygonal and has at least two parallel surfaces, the channels being parallel to the determined direction and contiguous with one another, the columns of each group each being in contact with the two metal plates on either side of the group, at least some of the columns of a group containing a material and heat exchange means.

Reactor for Polymerization Processes

In at least one embodiment, a reactor includes a reactor body. A first internal heat exchanger and a second internal heat exchanger are within the reactor body. One or more slabs of one or more static inserts are disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger. A plurality of flow paths is defined between the plurality of flow channels of the first internal heat exchanger and the plurality of flow channels of the second internal heat exchanger. Each static insert is configured to rotate or translate a flow path so that on average, the existing boundary layers formed in the first heat exchanger are moved away from the channel walls by a distance of equal or greater than the thickness of the boundary layers at the exit of the first heat exchanger 1. A reactor , comprising;a reactor body;a first internal heat exchanger and a second internal heat exchanger disposed within the reactor body; andone or more slabs of one or more static inserts disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger, each static insert configured to rotate a flow path between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more static inserts comprises a twisted baffle plate.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more static inserts comprises a plurality of flat sections.4. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a housing disposed around each of the one or static inserts.5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the housing is a cylindrical housing.6. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the housing is a rectangular housing.7. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a support structure disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger claim 1 , the one or more static inserts disposed on the support structure.8. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the first internal heat exchanger and the ...

DEVICES FOR THROUGH-FLOW OF FLUIDS COMPRISING GRADED POROUS STRUCTURES

A device for the through-flow of a fluid may include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A porous structure with interconnected pores is arranged between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction. The porous structure is coupled to a wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall. The porous structure has a porosity gradient along a first direction, which is cross to the overall flow direction. The porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall. The difference between the second porosity and the first porosity may be at least 4%. 1. A device for through-flow of a fluid , the device comprising:a vessel, comprising a wall, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction, anda porous structure having interconnected pores arranged in the vessel between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, wherein the porous structure is coupled to the wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall, and wherein the porous structure comprises a porosity gradient along a first direction which is cross to the overall flow direction,wherein the porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall relative to the first location, a difference between the second porosity and the first porosity being at least 4%.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first direction extends in a plane perpendicular to the overall flow direction.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the difference between the second porosity and the first porosity is at least 6%.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Capturing carbon dioxide

A system for removing CO2 from a dilute gas mixture includes a frame including a plurality of structural members; at least one packing section including one or more packing sheets, the one or more packing sheets including a plurality of macrostructures; one or more basins positioned at least partially below the at least one packing section, the one or more basins configured to hold a CO2 capture solution; at least one fan positioned to circulate a CO2 laden gas through the at least one packing section; and a liquid distribution system configured to flow the CO2 capture solution onto the at least one packing section.

Jig for inserting filling member into reactor

A jig for inserting a packing into a flow passage of a reactor extending in one direction or for removing the packing from the flow passage, includes: a pair of strip portions extending in parallel with each other, having a length longer than the flow passage; and link portions arranged in an extending direction of the pair of strip portions, linking the pair of strip portions and having lengths with which the pair of strip portions sandwich the packing therebetween.

SUPER LOW PRESSURE DROP PACKING SHEET WITH DIVERSION WINDOWS AND ITS STRUCTURED PACKING

A low pressure drop structured packing sheet with diversion windows, which are formed on both crests and troughs. When in the expanded state where the diversion window and packing sheet are flat on the same plane, the diversion window has an opening and a fan-shaped portion, with the area of the opening being 0%-1000% of that of the fan-shaped portion. Two side intersection lines between the fan-shaped portion and packing sheet is symmetrical with respect to a central folding line which divides the fan-shaped portion into a left part and a right part. The two side intersection lines intercept to each other with an angel of about 10°-170°. When in the operating state where the diversion window and packing sheet are partially folded towards opposite directions, the fluid at the trough flows to a crest of the other side of the packing sheet with the help of diversion windows, thus increasing the area of vapor-liquid mass transfer. Additionally, when liquid goes across the diversion window, liquid at the bottom of the layer flow becomes the liquid on the liquid film, hence effectively facilitating update of the liquid film and turbulence, increasing mixture between the liquid and vapor, and improving rate of the mass transfer between vapor and liquid. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. A low pressure drop structured packing sheet , comprising a plurality of diversion windows and assuming an expanded state or an operating state , wherein , in said expanded state , said diversion windows and the rest of the packing sheet are on the same plane , each of said diversion windows comprises an opening defined by an upper side and a lower side and a fan-shaped portion , said opening has an area which is 0%-1000% of the area of said fan-shaped portion , said fan-shaped portion has a left part and right part divided by a central folding line and being symmetric with respect to said central folding line , said left part is between said central folding line and a ...

NEW PACKING FOR IMPROVING CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A DISPERSED SOLID PHASE MOVING IN COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW

The present invention describes a packing with a three-dimensional structure which is particularly suited to creating homogenous and anisotropic mixing between a gas phase and a dispersed solid phase moving in counter-current flow. Application of this packing to the stripper of fluidized catalytic cracking units. 1) A packing to provide homogenous contact between a gas phase and a dispersed solid phase moving in counter-current flow , said packing being characterized by a three-dimensional structure consisting in a collection of rows of chevrons , these substantially parallel rows of chevrons being distributed between two planes forming an angle alpha of between 20 and 70° and preferably of between 45 and 60° with respect to the horizontal , and each row of chevrons being itself characterized by an angle beta constituting the edge of the chevron , this angle beta being comprised between 60 and 120° and preferably comprised between 70 and 110° , the width of a chevron being comprised between 3 and 40 cm , preferably comprised between 5 and 15 cm , two rows of chevrons which are adjacent in the one same plane being separated by a space approximately equal to the width of a row of chevrons , the rows of chevrons belonging to the second plane being located precisely in the gaps left free by the rows of chevrons of the first plane , so as to form a staggered structure , and said packing being placed between two filamentary meshes to which the ends of the rows of chevrons are welded to form a packing unit.2) The packing with three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the edges of each row of chevrons are open claim 1 , the width of said opening being comprised between 5% and 30% claim 1 , and preferably between 8% and 25% of the width of the chevrons.3) A catalytic cracking method using the packing as claimed in claim 1 , as a means for improving contact between the upflow gas phase and the downflow emulsion phase inside the stripper of a catalytic ...

Packing Layer for Structured Packing

The invention relates to a packing layer () for structured packing (), the packing layer () comprising a plurality of structural elements (), and the structural elements () being shaped and arranged in such a manner that they form a first fine structure (), and adjacent structural elements () having a first spacing (a), the packing layer () comprising a plurality of protrusions () that are shaped and arranged in such a manner that they form a second fine structure (), and adjacent protrusions () having a second spacing (b). According to the invention, the structural elements () and the protrusions () are formed without perforations. 116-. (canceled)17. A packing layer for a structured packing , wherein the packing layer comprises a plurality of structural elements and the structural elements are designed and arranged such that they form a first fine structure , and wherein adjacent structural elements have a first spacing , wherein the packing layer comprises a plurality of dimples which are designed and arranged such that they form a second fine structure , and wherein adjacent dimples have a second spacing , wherein the structural elements and the dimples are designed as hole-free.18. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the first spacing is different from the second spacing.19. The packing layer in accordance with claim 18 , wherein the second spacing is larger than the first spacing.20. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the packing layer is designed as hole-free.21. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the structural elements of the first fine structure are arranged along a first parallel curve group and the dimples of the second fine structure are arranged along a second parallel curve group claim 17 , wherein the first curve group and the second curve group are arranged at an angle of rotation with respect to one another.22. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the second spacing is ...

SPLASH BAR MODULE AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION

A fill in an evaporative cooling tower includes a grid, grid support, module radial support, module column and module radial girts. The grid is to support a plurality of splash bars. The grid support is configured to provide support for the grid. The module radial support is configured to provide support for the grid support. The module column is configured to provide support for the module radial support. The module radial girts is configured to rest on a fill support frame of the evaporative cooling tower and configured to provide support for the module columns. 1. A fill in an evaporative cooling tower , the fill comprising:a grid to support a plurality of splash bars;a grid support configured to provide support for the grid;a module radial support configured to provide support for the grid support;a module column configured to provide support for the module radial support; anda module radial girts configured to rest on a fill support frame of the evaporative cooling tower and configured to provide support for the module columns.2. The fill according to claim 1 , further comprising:an upper fill; anda lower fill, the lower fill being configured to be disposed below the upper fill and the lower fill being configured to support the upper fill, wherein a combined height of the upper fill and the lower fill is about equal to a distance between a pair of upper and lower fill support beams minus a predetermined allowance for insertion.3. The fill according to claim 2 , further comprising:a first fill stack including the upper fill and the lower fill; anda second fill stack including the upper fill and the lower fill, wherein a combined width of the first fill stack and the second fill stack is configured to fit within an opening provided between a pair of adjacent radial framing members.4. The fill according to claim 3 , wherein the combined width of the first fill stack and the second fill stack is equal to a width of the opening provided between the pair of adjacent ...

Gas-liquid contact device, distillation device, and heat exchange device

Provided is an NMP recovery system 1 for causing NMP-containing gas to contact NMP-absorbing water, including: fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D) that are permeable to the water and hold the water, wherein the permeated water moves according to gravity to flow out from the fillers; an NMP-containing gas distribution unit ( 30 ) for distributing the NMP-containing gas so as to cause the NMP-containing gas to contact the water held by the fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D); and a water distribution unit ( 40 ) for distributing the water so as to make the water permeate through the fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D). In the fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D), the NMP-containing gas is made to contact the NMP-absorbing water. Accordingly, NMP in the NMP-containing gas is absorbed in the water, so that the NMP is separated from the NMP-containing gas.

GAS SEPARATION DEVICE AND PACKING

The gas separation device separates or captures a target gas component from a gas to be processed by: causing an absorbing liquid to flow down on a surface of a packing disposed inside a processing tank while supplying the gas to be processed containing the target gas component into the processing tank; bringing the absorbing liquid flowing down on the surface of the packing and the gas to be processed into gas-liquid contact; and thereby causing the absorbing liquid to absorb the target gas component contained in the gas to be processed. The packing includes at least one packing unit formed from multiple expanded metal plates, which are disposed vertically and arranged in parallel. Each expanded metal plate includes strands forming the openings which are arranged like stairs. Each strand is inclined to the vertical direction at an angle in a range from 48° to 73°. 1. A gas separation device configured to separate or capture a target gas component from a gas to be processed by: causing an absorbing liquid to flow down on a surface of a packing disposed inside a processing tank while supplying the gas to be processed containing the target gas component into the processing tank; bringing the absorbing liquid flowing down on the surface of the packing and the gas to be processed into gas-liquid contact; and thereby causing the absorbing liquid to absorb the target gas component contained in the gas to be processed , whereinthe packing comprises at least one packing unit including a plurality of expanded metal plates which are disposed vertically and arranged in parallel, and are each provided with openings arranged like stairs,each expanded metal plate includes strands forming the openings, andeach strand is inclined to the vertical direction at an angle in a range from 48° to 73°.2. The gas separation device according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of each expanded metal plate is in a range from 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm.3. The gas separation device according to claim 1 , ...

HIGH CAPACITY TRAY FOR LIQUID-LIQUID TREATING

The present disclosure relates to an improved sieve tray assembly for a liquid-liquid treating column. The tray is a modular design with inlet and outlet downcomer assemblies that are mounted flush to or raised above the sieve deck upper surface. The raised downcomer assemblies provide increased surface area for light liquid upflow perforations and enhanced liquid-liquid contacting capacity and efficiency. 1. A sieve tray assembly , comprising:a sieve deck comprising a plurality of perforations;an inlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of said perforated sieve deck;an outlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of said perforated sieve deck; andan outlet downcomer pipe coupled to the outlet downcomer assembly;wherein the inlet and outlet downcomer assemblies lie outside the plane of the sieve deck.2. The sieve tray assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inlet downcomer assembly and outlet downcomer assembly further includes a riser that is positioned on the sieve deck and supports at least one of the inlet downcomer assembly and outlet downcomer assembly above the sieve deck upper surface.3. The sieve tray assembly of claim 2 , wherein the sieve deck surface area situated below either or both of the riser-equipped downcomer assemblies comprises a plurality of perforations.4. The sieve tray assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a support ring coupled to the sieve deck along a lower sieve deck surface circumferential edge.5. A liquid-liquid contacting column claim 1 , comprising a plurality of sieve tray assemblies claim 1 , wherein each sieve tray assembly comprises:a sieve deck comprising a plurality of perforations;an inlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of the perforated sieve deck;an outlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of the perforated sieve deck; andan outlet downcomer pipe coupled to the outlet downcomer assembly;wherein radially outer portions of the inlet and outlet downcomer ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING CONCENTRIC-TUBE CATALYTIC REACTOR ASSEMBLY

A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube is provided. The method may include inserting a catalyst into the outer tube and inserting the inner tube through the catalyst. The method may further include radially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst. 1. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst; andradially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the inner tube.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sealing the first end of the inner tube includes at least one of installing a compressing fitting and welding.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by directing a pressurized fluid into a second end of the inner tube.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pressurized fluid is a hydraulic fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by forcing an expansion object through the inner tube.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is one of an annular catalyst claim 1 , a cylindrical catalyst claim 1 , and a toroidal catalyst.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of particulates claim 7 , pellets claim 7 , and a coating disposed on a support structure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube claim 1 , the catalyst claim 1 , and the inner tube are concentric.10. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the outer tube.11. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube claim 1 , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst, wherein the inner tube is concentric with the catalyst and the outer tube;connecting at least a first end of the inner tube to a source ...

PACKING ELEMENT FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Packing element for heat and/or mass transfer, comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced panel shaped wall members, each wall member extending radially outward from an inner end extending along a central axis of the packing element to an outer edge opposite to the inner end and at least part of the outer edge extending along a surface of revolution having the central axis as an axis of revolution. 112223122253abab. Packing element () for heat and/or mass transfer , comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced panel shaped wall members () , each wall member () extending radially outward from an inner end () extending along a central axis () of the packing element () to an outer edge () opposite to the inner end () and at least part of the outer edge () extending along a surface of revolution () having the central axis () as an axis of revolution.25. Packing element according to claim 1 , wherein the surface of revolution () is a cylindrical claim 1 , spherical or ellipsoidal surface.322. Packing element according to or claim 1 , wherein the number of wall members () comprises 2 claim 1 , 3 claim 1 , 4 claim 1 , 5 or more wall members ().42. Packing element (i) according to claim 1 , wherein the wall members () are disposed at equal circumferential angular distances.5224563b. Packing element (i) according to claim 1 , wherein at least one wall member () is helically formed claim 1 , at least part of the outer edge () extending along a helical line () on the surface of revolution () and being disposed at an angle () of at least 1° claim 1 , relative to the central axis ().6227b. Packing element (i) according to claim 1 , wherein the outer edge () of at least one wall member () has at least one recess ().72277777baa. Packing element (i) according to claim 1 , wherein the outer edge () of at least one wall member () has a plurality of recesses () claim 1 , projections () being formed between two adjacent recesses () claim 1 , a surface area of a projection ...

Specialized Immobilization Media

A genre of media is presented for use with a reactor vessel and for the purpose of immobilizing small particles, often catalytic in nature. The media can include a number of ferromagnetic active wafers stacked together and separated by non-ferromagnetic separator portions, such that when in the presence of a magnetic field and magnetic-particle-containing fluid, at least some of the gaps between active wafers captures and suspends magnetic particles.

LIQUID REDISTRIBUTOR

A liquid redistributor, arranged in a packing column between two packings, wherein in the column a liquid phase is guided from top to bottom and against the same a gas phase from bottom to top, comprising a liquid distributor tray and a droplet damping tray, which attenuates the fluidization of the liquid layer on the liquid distributor tray as caused by the droplets falling down. 110-. (canceled)11. A liquid redistributor , configured for use in a packing column for a thermal separation process between two packings , wherein in the column a liquid phase is guided from top to bottom and against the same a gas phase is guided from bottom to top , the liquid redistributor comprising:a liquid distributor tray;a droplet damping tray which is arranged above the liquid distributor tray and is aligned parallel to the same,wherein the droplet damping tray covers the column cross-section to the same extent as the liquid distributor tray and wherein the droplet damping tray is configured such that on an upper side of the droplet damping tray no liquid layer is formed by the liquid dripping down from the packing disposed above and that, driven by gravity, the liquid moves through the droplet damping tray and again exits from a bottom side of the droplet damping tray.12. The liquid redistributor according to claim 11 , wherein the droplet damping tray comprises a random packed bed or stacked packing arranged between a supporting grid and a hold-down grid.13. The liquid redistributor according to claim 12 , wherein the void volume of the packed bed or packing is at least 50 vol-%.14. The liquid redistributor according to claim 12 , wherein the layer height of the packed bed or the stacked packing lies between 10 and 800 mm.15. The liquid redistributor according to claim 11 , wherein the distance between the liquid distributor tray and the droplet damping tray lies between 0 and 500 mm.16. The liquid redistributor according to claim 11 , wherein the droplet damping tray comprises ...

FLUID COLLECTION DEVICE, MATERIAL EXCHANGE COLUMN AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FLUID COLLECTION DEVICE OF THIS TYPE

The invention relates to a fluid collection device (), in particular a support collector unit for collecting fluid flowing through a packing () of a material exchange column (), wherein the fluid collection device () comprises a support ring (), a plurality of support profiles (-) secured to the support ring () for supporting the at least one packing (), and a plurality of collection channels (-) secured to the support ring () for collecting the fluid, wherein the collection channels (-) are positioned in parallel to the support profiles (-) and wherein the support profiles (-) are arranged in such a way that they are each arranged in a no-flow area () of one of the collection channels (-). 1841811121611419211119211216121640411921. A liquid collection device () , in particular support collector unit , for collecting liquid flowing through a packing () of a mass transfer column () , wherein the liquid collection device () comprises a support ring () , a multiplicity of support profiles (-) which are fastened to the support ring () and which serve for supporting the at least one packing () , and a multiplicity of collection channels (-) which are fastened to the support ring () and which serve for collecting the liquid , wherein the collection channels (-) are positioned parallel to the support profiles (-) , and wherein the support profiles (-) are arranged so as to be arranged in each case in a flow shadow ( , ) of one of the collection channels (-).219211216. The liquid collection device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each collection channel (-) is assigned exactly one support profile (-).3192140418. The liquid collection device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the collection channels (-) are configured to generate the respective flow shadow ( claim 1 , ) in a gas flow (GS) flowing through the liquid collection device () counter to a direction of gravitational force (g).41216353619211216. The liquid collection device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the support ...

Reactor bed vessel and support assembly

Vessel and support beam assembly includes a vessel having a cylindrical wall defining an interior chamber having a generally circular shape of diameter D in plan view, and a support assembly disposed within the interior chamber. The support assembly includes an inner hub defining an open central region, and a plurality of spokes extending radially from the inner hub. Each spoke is aligned radially with the cylindrical wall of the vessel and joined thereto. At least one open outer region is defined between circumferentially adjacent spokes.

THERMAL SEPARATION PROCESS

A thermal separation process between a gas ascending in a separating column and a liquid descending in the separating column, which comprise (meth)acrylic monomers, wherein the separating column comprises a sequence of crossflow mass transfer trays, the crossflow mass transfer trays of which have passage orifices for the ascending gas in crossflow direction both in front of and beyond a downcomer for the descending liquid, and such crossflow mass transfer trays and one such crossflow mass transfer tray in a sequence of crossflow mass transfer trays present in a separating column. 127-. (canceled)28. A circular mass transfer tray , comprising passage orifices and at least one downcomer with a downflow orifice only in one half and does not have any feed area free of passage orifices in the other half , wherein the tray has passage orifices for gas ascending in working operation , proceeding from the center of the downflow orifice of the at least one downcomer , not only in the tray area in front of the at least one downcomer in the direction of the opposite half , but also in the tray area beyond the at least one downcomer in the opposite direction.29. A sequence , present in a separation column , the sequence comprising at least two identical crossflow mass transfer trays comprising at least one downcomer through which liquid descends from a particular crossflow mass transfer tray , the crossflow mass transfer trays being arranged one on top of another within the sequence in the separation column , such that two crossflow mass transfer trays in the separation column , one of which follows the other in the downward direction , are each mounted offset from one another by 180° about the longitudinal axis of the column , as a result of which their downcomers are on mutually opposite sides of the separation column ,wherein:the at least one downcomer of the upper of two successive crossflow mass transfer trays constitutes at least one upcomer for the crossflow mass ...

Contacter

A device is provided having a structure for conducting a first fluid, the structure having in addition an interface for conducting a second fluid. The first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid at the interface of the structure. A flow interrupter () for interrupting a flow of the second fluid is situated at the interface of the structure. 115-. (canceled)16120012001200. A distillation column , extraction column or gas scrubber comprising a contactor for contacting at least two fluid flows , comprising a structure with pores and/or capillaries having a mean diameter of 200 μm to 1 mm for conducting a first fluid , whereby the structure comprises a contact zone not comprising pores and/or capillaries having a mean diameter of 200 μm to 1 mm , which contact zone is designed to conduct a second fluid , and whereby in the contact zone the first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid , wherein in the contact zone at least one flow breaker (.) is provided for interrupting a flow of the second fluid , wherein the flow breaker (.) comprises at least two ledges (.) each having a proximal end disposed toward the structure and a distal end disposed toward the contact zone , wherein the distal end of each ledge is spaced away from the structure by a height dimension , and the two ledges are spaced away from each other by a spacing dimension , wherein a ratio of the spacing dimension to the height dimension is in a range of 1 to 10 , wherein a distributor for distributing the first fluid in the structure is provided at a first end of the contactor and a collector for collecting the first fluid from the structure is provided at a second end of the contactor opposed to the first end.17. The distillation column claim 16 , extraction column or gas scrubber according to claim 16 , wherein the second fluid can flow in a second direction claim 16 , which crosses the flow breaker.181200. The distillation column claim 16 , extraction column or gas ...

PLANAR CATALYST FILLING

The invention relates to a catalyst filling, comprising a first layer of a planar catalyst material and a second layer of a planar catalyst material lying over said first layer, wherein the catalyst material of the first layer comprises at least two plates, which butt against each other to form an abutment edge in each case, wherein the catalyst material of the second layer comprises at least two plates, which butt against each other to form an abutment edge in each case, and wherein the plates of the second layer are designed and/or arranged relative to the plates of the first layer in such a way that the abutment edge or abutment edges of the second layer are not aligned with the abutment edge or abutment edges of the first layer. 115-. (canceled)16. A catalyst filling comprising:a first layer of a planar catalyst material and a second layer of a planar catalyst material disposed thereabove,wherein the catalyst material of the first layer comprises at least two plates that each abut one another while forming an abutment edge;wherein the catalyst material of the second layer comprises at least two plates that each abut one another while forming an abutment edge; andwherein the plates of the second layer are configured and/or arranged relative to the plates of the first layer that on a projection of the abutment edge(s) of the first layer and of the abutment edge(s) of the second layer into a common plane, no abutment edge of the first layer has more than one common point with an abutment edge of the second layer.17. The catalyst filling in accordance with claim 16 , wherein a third layer of a planar catalyst material is arranged above the second layer of the planar catalyst material claim 16 , with the catalyst material of the third layer comprising at least two plates that each abut one another while forming an abutment edge claim 16 , with the plates of the third layer being configured and/or arranged relative to the plates of the second layer such that on a ...

STRUCTURED PACKING FOR CATALYTIC DISTILLATION

A catalytic distillation structure that may include a rigid framework having at least two grids with a plurality of horizontal fluid permeable tubes mounted to said grids to form a plurality of fluid pathways among the plurality of horizontal fluid permeable tubes. Additionally, each horizontal fluid permeable tubes may have a profile of a six-sided polygon. Further, the catalytic distillation structure may include a plurality of vertically plates or wires connecting vertically aligned tubes of the plurality of horizontal fluid permeable tubes. Furthermore, the plurality of vertically plates or wires connects from a corner of one vertically aligned tubes to a corner of an adjacent vertically aligned tube. 1. A catalytic distillation structure , comprising:a rigid framework having at least two grids spaced apart;a plurality of fluid permeable tubes mounted to said grids to form a plurality of fluid pathways among the plurality of fluid permeable tubes, wherein each fluid permeable tubes have a profile of a six-sided polygon, wherein each of the fluid permeable tubes extend from a first to a second of the at least two grids;a plurality of plates or wires connecting and aligning tubes of the plurality of fluid permeable tubes, wherein the plurality of plates or wires connects from a lowermost corner of one aligned tubes to an uppermost corner of an adjacent aligned tube.2. The catalytic distillation structure of claim 1 , further comprising a first series of vertically aligned tubes and a second series of vertically aligned tubes claim 1 , wherein the first series comprises the plurality of fluid permeable tubes arrayed in a parallel claim 1 , adjacent and aligned columns within the first series claim 1 , and the second series comprises the plurality of fluid permeable tubes arrayed in a parallel claim 1 , adjacent and aligned columns within the second series.3. The catalytic distillation structure of claim 2 , wherein the first series of aligned tubes are offset from ...

COUNTERCURRENT CONTACTING DEVICES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other or adjacent opposed ends of the deflector blades and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams. 1. A contacting device subassembly for the countercurrent contacting of a solid and liquid phase or a liquid and vapor phase , said contacting device subassembly comprising:a first grid formed of a first set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades;a second grid formed of a second set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades that are interleaved with and cross the first set of deflector blades at a preselected angle, the deflector blades in the first and second sets each having opposed ends and side edges; anda transverse strip formed by uncut portions of the side edges of adjacent ones of the deflector blades and located where the deflector blades cross and/or adjacent each of the opposed ends,wherein if the transverse strip is located where the deflector blades cross, the deflector blades of the first and/or second sets of deflector blades include apertures and directional tabs associated with the apertures.2. The contacting device subassembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the deflector blades includes a central crossing segment and end segments that are connected to opposed ends of the central crossing ...

FILL SHEETS AND RELATED FILL PACK ASSEMBLIES

A fill sheet for cooling heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower includes an air intake end, an air outlet end, a top edge and a bottom edge. The air outlet end is positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis. The top edge connects the air intake end and the air outlet end and the bottom edge also connects the air intake end and the air outlet end. The bottom edge is positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis. A plurality of flutes extends generally parallel to the lateral axis between the air intake end and the air outlet end. An offset extends generally parallel to the vertical axis. A first flute of the plurality of flutes transitions from a first peak at a first side of the offset to a first valley at a second side of the offset. 1. A fill sheet for cooling heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower when arranged into fill packs comprised of pluralities of fill sheets , the fill sheet comprising:an air intake end;an air outlet end positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis;a top edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end;a bottom edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end, the bottom edge positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis; anda plurality of spacers extending from a heat transfer area of the fill sheet between the air intake end, the air outlet end, the top edge and the bottom edge, the plurality of spacers including a first spacer having a first head end and a first tail end, the first head end positioned closer to the top edge than the first tail end, the first spacer defining a first spacer axis, the first spacer axis defining a first acute spacer angle with the lateral axis, the plurality of spacers including a second spacer having a second head end and a second tail end, the second head end positioned closer to the top edge than the first tail end, the second spacer defining a second spacer axis, the second spacer axis defining a second acute spacer angle with the ...

FILL SHEETS AND RELATED FILL PACK ASSEMBLIES

A fill sheet for cooling heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower includes an air intake end, an air outlet end, a top edge and a bottom edge. The air outlet end is positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis. The top edge connects the air intake end and the air outlet end and the bottom edge also connects the air intake end and the air outlet end. The bottom edge is positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis. A plurality of flutes extends generally parallel to the lateral axis between the air intake end and the air outlet end. An offset extends generally parallel to the vertical axis. A first flute of the plurality of flutes transitions from a first peak at a first side of the offset to a first valley at a second side of the offset. 1. A fill sheet for cooling a heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower when assembled into fill packs comprised of pluralities of fill sheets for use in a cross-flow cooling tower , the fill sheet comprising:an air intake end;an air outlet end positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis;a top edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end;a bottom edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end, the bottom edge positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis, the heat transfer fluid configured for flowing between the top edge and the bottom edge;a plurality of flutes extending generally along the lateral axis between the air intake end and the air outlet end; anda transition feature providing a flat section of macrostructure extending generally parallel to the vertical axis, a first flute of the plurality of flutes transitioning from the flat section of the transition feature, the flat section including a rib extending generally parallel to the vertical axis and a spacer proximate to the rib to provide lateral support for the rib.2. The fill sheet of claim 1 , wherein the transition feature is comprised of an offset that transitions from a flute peak to a flute valley ...

ANNULAR DIVIDED WALL COLUMN

An annular divided wall column for the cryogenic rectification of air or constituents of air is provided. The annular divided wall column includes a first annular column wall and a second annular column wall disposed within the first annular column wall to define an annulus column region and an interior core column region. The present annular divided wall column further includes structured packing elements disposed within at least the annulus column region as well as a ring-shaped cantilevered collector; and a ring-shaped distributor disposed in the annulus column region above or below the plurality of structured packing elements. The thermal expansion and contraction of the second annular column wall in a radial direction and in an axial direction is independent of the thermal expansion and contraction of the first annular column wall in the radial and axial directions. 120-. (canceled)21. An annular divided wall column for distillation or rectification of fluids , said column comprising:a first annular column wall;a second annular column wall radially spaced from the first annular column wall and disposed within a first interior space of the first annular column wall to define an annulus column region between the first annular column wall and the second annular column wall and to define an interior core column region as part or all of a second interior space of the second annular column wall;a conical shaped transition wall rigidly connected to the first annular column wall and an upper end of the second annular column wall and wherein the conical shaped transition wall is configured to isolate the annulus column region from the interior core column region proximate the upper end of the second annular column wall;a first plurality of structured packing elements or trays disposed within the interior core column region and a second plurality of structured packing elements disposed within the annulus column region;wherein the second annular column wall is hung from ...

ANNULAR DIVIDED WALL COLUMN WITH RING SHAPED COLLECTORS AND DISTRIBUTERS

An annular divided wall column for the cryogenic rectification of air or constituents of air is provided. The annular divided wall column includes a first annular column wall and a second annular column wall disposed within the first annular column wall to define an annulus column region and an interior core column region. The present annular divided wall column further includes structured packing elements disposed within at least the annulus column region as well as a ring-shaped cantilevered collector; and a ring-shaped distributor disposed in the annulus column region above or below the plurality of structured packing elements. The thermal expansion and contraction of the second annular column wall in a radial direction and in an axial direction is independent of the thermal expansion and contraction of the first annular column wall in the radial and axial directions. 117-. (canceled)18. An annular divided wall column for distillation or rectification of fluids , said column comprising:a first annular column wall;a second annular column wall radially spaced from the first annular column wall and disposed within a first interior space of the first annular column wall to define an annulus column region between the first annular column wall and the second annular column wall and to define an interior core column region as part or all of a second interior space of the second annular column wall;a plurality of structured packing elements disposed within the annulus column region;one or more ring-shaped cantilevered collectors disposed in the annulus column region above or below the plurality of structured packing elements, the one or more ring-shaped cantilevered collectors having a first collector wall rigidly attached to the first annular column wall, a second collector wall disposed proximate to but unattached to the second annular column wall, and a collector deck disposed between the first collector wall and the second collector wall, and wherein the one or more ...

COUNTERCURRENT CONTACTING DEVICES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other or adjacent opposed ends of the deflector blades and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams. 1. A contacting device subassembly for the countercurrent contacting of a solid and liquid phase or a liquid and vapor phase , said contacting device subassembly comprising:a first grid formed of a first set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades;a second grid formed of a second set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades that are interleaved with and cross the first set of deflector blades at a preselected angle, the deflector blades in the first and second sets each having opposed ends and side edges; anda transverse strip formed by uncut portions of the side edges of adjacent ones of the deflector blades and located either where the deflector blades cross or adjacent each of the opposed ends,wherein if the transverse strip is located where the deflector blades cross, the deflector blades of the first and/or second sets of deflector blades include apertures and directional tabs associated with the apertures.2. The contacting device subassembly of claim 1 , wherein the transverse strip is located adjacent each of the opposed ends of the deflector blades and wherein the side edges of the deflector blades ...

Method of Mass Transfer and Mass Transfer Apparatus for a Small Liquid Load

A method of mass transfer includes the steps of: supplying a first fluid and a second fluid into a mass transfer apparatus, wherein the mass transfer apparatus includes a vessel which has a head region, a base region and a mass transfer region, wherein the first fluid is brought into contact with the second fluid at least in the mass transfer region, wherein the mass transfer region is arranged between the head region and the base region and the mass transfer region includes a structured packing which includes a plurality of neighboring layers of fabric which includes fiber strands of a non-metallic material. The mass transfer apparatus is operated at a fluid load of at most 3 m 3 /m 2 /h. The fabric of the structured packing includes fiber strands of a non-metallic material which are formed as weft threads, wherein the weft threads have a yarn count of at least 100 g/1000 m and the weft threads include at least 20 yarns/25.4 mm

Systems and methods for catalyst screens in selective catalytic reduction reactors

A system for use in selective catalytic reduction reactor is disclosed. The system may include a catalyst bed and a screen located close to the catalyst bed in a manner so that flow of flue gas to the catalyst bed contacts the screen before it contacts the catalyst bed. The screen may be adapted to support a weight of at least 400 pounds above the catalyst bed so that the weight is not imposed on the catalyst. The screen may have a plurality of holes across its surface in a manner so that the screen is adapted to change the velocity distribution of the flue gas as it flows through the screen.

High aspect ratio catalytic reactor and catalyst inserts therefor

The present invention relates to high efficient tubular catalytic steam reforming reactor configured from about 0.2 inch to about 2 inch inside diameter high temperature metal alloy tube or pipe and loaded with a plurality of rolled catalyst inserts comprising metallic monoliths. The catalyst insert substrate is formed from a single metal foil without a central supporting structure in the form of a spiral monolith. The single metal foil is treated to have 3-dimensional surface features that provide mechanical support and establish open gas channels between each of the rolled layers. This unique geometry accelerates gas mixing and heat transfer and provides a high catalytic active surface area. The small diameter, high aspect ratio tubular catalytic steam reforming reactors loaded with rolled catalyst inserts can be arranged in a multi-pass non-vertical parallel configuration thermally coupled with a heat source to carry out steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feeds. The rolled catalyst inserts are self-supported on the reactor wall and enable efficient heat transfer from the reactor wall to the reactor interior, and lower pressure drop than known particulate catalysts. The heat source can be oxygen transport membrane reactors.

Method for Improving Wall Heat Transfer in a Chemical Reactor

Methods for improving heat transfer at the interface between the internal reactor wall and mesh media containing microfibrous entrapped catalysts (MFECs) and/or microfibrous entrapped sorbents (MFESs) are described herein. Improved (e.g., more rapid) heat transfer can be achieved using a variety of approaches including increasing the contacting area of the interface between the mesh media and the reactor wall so that more contacting points are formed, enhancing the contacting efficiency at the contacting points between the mesh media and the reactor wall, increasing the number of contact points between the mesh media and the reactor wall using fine fibers, and combinations thereof. 1. A method for improving heat transfer of a reactor wherein the reactor comprises mesh media comprising microfibrous entrapped catalysts (MFEC) and/or microfibrous entrapped sorbents (MFES) , wherein the mesh media comprises micron-sized fibers , the method comprising:soldering the mesh media to an interior reactor wall using a soldering agent to form metal junctions between the interior reactor wall and the micron-sized fibers.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the micron-sized fibers have a diameter of about 6-1000 μm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the micron-sized metal fibers have a length of about 1-50 millimeters.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal fibers are made of thermally conductive metals and other thermally conductive materials.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mesh media comprises one or more fibers of different diameters claim 1 , lengths claim 1 , and/or composition.6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming grooves claim 1 , screw threads claim 1 , or other patterns to increase the surface area of the interior reactor wall.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating fine structures onto the interior reactor wall to increase the surface area of the interior reactor wall.910-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , ...

TRAY FOR EXCHANGE COLUMN COMPRISING GAS CHIMNEYS SURMOUNTED BY HATS WITH A STREAMLINED PROFILE

A tray () for a gas/liquid contact column, comprising a plurality of chimneys () jutting over a portion () of the upper face of the tray for the exclusive passage of gas through the tray; they are substantially parallelepipedal and mutually parallel. At least one of the chimneys () is surmounted by an elevated hat () with a streamlined profile which prevents the passage of liquid through the chimney. The hat comprises a lower body () which is substantially semi-cylindrical, elongated along the longitudinal axis Y and open towards the top, extended laterally by two planar fins () inclined towards the axis of revolution (R) of the lower body at an angle θ in the range 0° to 30° with respect to the axis Z passing through the chimneys, aligned with their height. 2108180. The tray as claimed in claim 1 , in which each chimney () is surmounted by a hat () with a streamlined profile.3180. The tray as claimed in claim 1 , in which the lower body () comprises a section in the form of an arc of a circle with a length that is less than or equal to that of a semi-circle and which has an axis of symmetry that coincides with the axis Z claim 1 , and defines an angle β formed between the centre O of the circle claim 1 , the axis X and the junction J between a fin and the lower body which is in the range 0° to 30°.4180. The tray as claimed in claim 1 , in which the lower body () is a half-cylinder.5180181182181182181182180. The tray as claimed in claim 1 , in which the lower body () comprises a section in the form of an arc of a circle with a length that is less than or equal to that of a semi-circle and has an axis of symmetry which coincides with the axis Z claim 1 , and the length (a) of the fin ( claim 1 , ) is in the range 10 mm to a maximum value awhich is equal to a=(D*cos(β))/(2*sin(θ)) claim 1 , in which β is the angle formed between the centre O of the circle claim 1 , the axis X and the junction J between the fin ( claim 1 , ) and the lower body claim 1 , θ is the ...

COUNTERCURRENT CONTACTING DEVICES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams. 1. A contacting device for the countercurrent contacting of a solid and liquid phase or a liquid and vapor phase , said contacting device comprising:a first grid formed of a first set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades;a second grid formed of a second set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades that are interleaved with and cross the first set of deflector blades at a preselected angle, adjacent ones of the interleaved deflector blades in the first and second sets each having opposite ends and side edges, the side edges having portions that join the adjacent ones of the interleaved deflector blades along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross; andapertures formed in the deflector blades of the first and/or second sets of deflector blades and directional tabs associated with the apertures.2. The contacting device of claim 1 , wherein the directional tabs associated with the apertures extend upwardly from deflector blades of the first and/or second sets of deflector blades.3. The contacting device of claim 1 , wherein the directional tabs associated with the apertures extend downwardly from deflector blades of the first and/or second ...

Filling body

Filling bodies for the use in unstructured packings. The filling body has a fibre-reinforced carbon flat material. Two strip regions of the carbon flat material, which are separated by a cut, transition into two connecting regions of the carbon flat material.

CATALYTIC REACTOR

A catalytic reactor according to an embodiment includes a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed, a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit, and a seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing. The seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing. 1. A catalytic reactor , comprising:a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed;a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit; anda seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing,wherein the seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 ,wherein the catalytic unit has a quadrangular prism shape extending in the axial direction, andwherein the reactor housing has a cylindrical shape.3. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein a plurality of the catalytic units are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.4. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein the plurality of catalytic units are arranged in a grid shape in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.5. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein the catalytic unit includes a casing integrally holding the at least one catalyst.6. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein each catalytic ...

CONTACT TRAY FOR A MASS TRANSFER COLUMN

A contact tray for use in a mass transfer column and having a tray deck for receiving a liquid stream and a plurality of valves distributed across the tray deck through which vapor ascends for interacting with the liquid stream. Each valve has an opening in the tray deck in the form of a central segment and extensions that extend outwardly from opposite ends of the central segment. The valves each include a valve body with a valve cover positioned in covering relationship above and extending outwardly beyond the opening and legs that are attached to the valve cover at recesses located at opposite ends of the valve cover. The legs extend downwardly through the extensions in the opening and include stops in portions of the legs positioned below the tray deck to permit limited vertical movement of the legs to allow the valve body to move between open and closed positions in response to ascending vapor pressure against an undersurface of the valve cover. Deflectors are positioned at opposite sides of the legs to restrict vapor passage around the legs. 1. A contact tray for use in a mass transfer column , said contact tray comprising:a tray deck for receiving a liquid stream; and an opening in the tray deck to allow for passage of fluid through the tray deck for interaction with the liquid stream when it is received on the tray deck, said opening having a central segment and extensions that extend outwardly from opposite ends of the central segment;', 'wall segments that extend upwardly along opposite sides of the central segment of the opening; and', 'a valve body comprising a valve cover positioned in covering relationship above said opening and legs that are attached to the valve cover at recesses located at opposite ends of the valve cover and extend downwardly through said extensions in the opening,', 'wherein said valve cover has sides that extend outwardly beyond the sides of the opening., 'a plurality of valves distributed across the tray deck, each of said ...

PACKING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

The packing has one or more thin-layer packing elements that are installed upright, the packing element having a main body portion with a planar liquid film formation surface, and one or more wall portions that are provided upright relative to the liquid film formation surface along a linear direction. The side surface of each wall portion has a curved portion at the base thereof connected to the liquid film formation surface, the curved portion curbing so as to continue into the liquid film formation surface. 1. A packing for gas-liquid contact , having at least one packing element of a thin layer shape that is placed in a standing position , the packing element of the thin layer shape comprising:a main body portion having a planar liquid film-forming surface extending along a liquid flow direction; andat least one wall portion that is provided upright relative to the liquid film-forming surface and extending along a liquid flow linear direction,wherein the wall portion has a side surface which has a curved surface portion at a base connected to the liquid film-forming surface, the curbed surface portion curbing so as to be continuous to the liquid film-forming surface.2. The packing according to claim 1 , wherein the wall portion is provided substantially perpendicular to the liquid film-forming surface claim 1 , and the side surface of the wall portion has a flat surface portion perpendicular to the liquid film-forming surface and continuous to the curved surface portion.3. The packing according to claim 1 , wherein the curved surface portion is a concave surface along a cylindrical surface and is curved with a curvature radius at which the critical Weber number in a liquid film formed by a liquid on the liquid film-forming surface is minimized.4. The packing according to claim 1 , wherein the packing element has a pair of the wall portions at both side ends of the liquid film-forming surface.5. The packing according to claim 1 , having a plurality of the packing ...

STRUCTURED PACKING WITH ENHANCED FLUID-FLOW INTERFACE

A structured packing sheet includes a top interface region, a first turning region, a central region, a second turning region, and a bottom interface region. The central region includes a plurality of corrugations extending thereacross in a linear fashion and arranged generally parallel to each other. The plurality of corrugations are arranged at a first angle with respect to a vertical axis. The top interface region and the bottom interface region include the plurality of corrugations extending thereacross in a linear fashion. The plurality of corrugations are arranged at a second angle with respect to the vertical axis. The second angle is smaller than the first angle. The first turning region and the second turning region include the plurality of corrugations extending thereacross. The plurality of corrugations have a plurality of breaks in the first turning region and the second turning region. 1. A process column of the type facilitating enhanced interaction of a first fluid and a second fluid passing in counter-current flow therethrough and being constructed of a vessel having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet disposed in a upper region thereof and a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet disposed in a lower region thereof for facilitating the counter-current flow of the first fluid and the second fluid therethrough , the process column comprising:a structured packing system having a plurality of packing layers, each packing layer including a plurality of vertically oriented packing sheets, the vertically oriented packing sheets comprising:a central region having linear corrugations disposed thereacross;a top interface region having a first linear extension of the linear corrugations extending thereacross;a first turning region having at least one of a first plurality of breaks and a first curvilinear extension of the linear corrugations extending thereacross;a second turning region having at least one of a second plurality of breaks and a ...

Column with angular profiles

The invention relates to a column having: a shell, which is extended along a longitudinal axis and encloses an interior of the column, at least one mass transfer tray, which is extended along a column cross section, extending transversely to the longitudinal axis, of the column, and at least one liquid distributor, which is designed to feed the at least one mass transfer tray with a liquid phase. In accordance with the invention, the mass transfer tray has a plurality of runoff elements extending parallel to and at a distance from one another, more particularly in the form of angular profiles, which are each extended along the column cross section, where the runoff elements each have first and second runoff surfaces extended along the column cross section, and where the two runoff surfaces converge along the longitudinal axis in the direction of the liquid distributor and meet, and in so doing form an edge extended along the column cross section, and where the liquid distributor is designed to apply the liquid phase to the edges of the runoff elements, so that the liquid phase applied to the respective runoff element flows off from the respective runoff element via the runoff surfaces at both sides of the respective edge.

HEAT-INTEGRATED TRANSFORMATIVE CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROCESS

An apparatus includes an absorber having a first packing section, a second packing section and a third packing section. The first packing segment includes a first structured packing, having a first specific surface area SA, the second packing segment includes a second structured packing, having a second specific surface area SA, and the third packing segment includes a third structured packing, having a third specific surface area SA where SA Подробнее

PACKING

A packing has a plurality of sheet materials spaced and arranged in parallel, and liquid flows along the flat surface thereof in a standing use state. Each sheet material has at least one member group including a plurality of support members arranged such that the upper end of the uppermost support member corresponds to the upper end of the sheet material and the lower end of the lowermost support member corresponds to the lower end of the sheet material. Each support member has a pair of support walls parallel to the liquid flow direction and perpendicular to the sheet material surface, and a bridging part connecting the support walls. A sandwiching structure is formed that one sheet material is held by at least one support member attached thereto and at least one support member attached to an adjacent sheet material, and it extends linearly through the plurality of sheet materials. 1. A packing for gas-liquid contact comprising a plurality of sheet materials , the plurality of sheet materials being spaced and arranged in parallel , to be used in a standing state to cause a liquid to flow along a flat surface of each of the plurality of sheet materials , wherein each one of the plurality of sheet materials comprises:at least one member group including a plurality of support members which are attached to the sheet material and are arranged in such a manner that an upper end of an uppermost support member corresponds to an upper end of the sheet material and that a lower end of a lowermost support member corresponds to a lower end of the sheet material in the standing state,wherein each of the plurality of support members includes:a pair of support walls each of which is connected to the sheet material at one side so as to be parallel to a liquid flow direction and perpendicular to the flat surface along which the liquid flows; anda bridging part that connects the other sides of the pair of support walls, andwherein the at least one member group in each of the ...

STRUCTURED PACKING WITH ENHANCED FLUID-FLOW INTERFACE

A structured packing sheet includes a top interface region, a first turning region, a central region, a second turning region, and a bottom interface region. The central region includes a plurality of corrugations extending thereacross in a linear fashion and arranged generally parallel to each other. The plurality of corrugations are arranged at a first angle with respect to a vertical axis. The top interface region and the bottom interface region include the plurality of corrugations extending thereacross in a linear fashion. The plurality of corrugations are arranged at a second angle with respect to the vertical axis. The second angle is smaller than the first angle. The first turning region and the second turning region include the plurality of corrugations extending thereacross. The plurality of corrugations have a plurality of breaks in the first turning region and the second turning region. 1. A process column of the type facilitating enhanced interaction of a first fluid and a second fluid passing in counter-current flow therethrough and being constructed of a vessel having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet disposed in a upper region thereof and a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet disposed in a lower region thereof for facilitating the counter-current flow of the first fluid and the second fluid therethrough , the process column comprising:a structured packing system having a plurality of packing layers, each packing layer including a plurality of vertically oriented packing sheets, the vertically oriented packing sheets comprising:a central region having linear corrugations disposed thereacross;a top interface region having a first linear extension of the linear corrugations extending thereacross;a first turning region having at least one of a first plurality of breaks and a first curvilinear extension of the linear corrugations extending thereacross;a second turning region having at least one of a second plurality of breaks and a ...

LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS FOR MONOLITH CATALYSTS AND SUBSTRATES

The present invention relates to different liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications. The present invention more particularly relates to distributor devices in the form of a single injection and multiple injection pipe distributors; shower head distributor comprising a plurality of holes for plunging liquid; a packing of spherical particles with a pre-distributor to split the liquid into manifold streams, before entry into the monolith bed. The present invention provides liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications providing improved liquid distribution into the monolith bed resulting in uniform fluid flow in each channel so as to make maximum use of the catalyst surface area. 1. A device for distributing a liquid flow stream downwardly into a monolith bed , comprising:a. an enclosed vessel comprising inlet port to hold an inlet feed axial pipe through a connector at centre position in vessel to feed liquid;b. two side inlet ports at the top peripheral of the vessel for gas phase entry;c. an output of inlet feed pipe for recovering liquid either through single drip (single pipe distributor) or the said output transforming into multiple nozzles downstream symmetrically spaced to distribute liquid in a uniform fashion across the cross section of monolith; andd. sufficient space of 0.1 to 0.6 times the bed diameter interposed in between nozzle's exit and monolith surface wherein liquid and gas communicate before entering the monolith bed.2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the diameter of the pipe distributor with the diameter of bed (d/d) is a variable within 0.04 to 0.4.3. The device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the value of d/d≈0.17 offers an appropriate distribution without excessive pressure drop.4. A shower head distributor device for distribution of liquids comprising:a. an inner enclosed vessel comprising centered inlet port to feed liquid;b. perforated plate attached to said vessel at the bottom;c. an ...

Hydroprocessing Reactor to Lower Pressure Drop and Extend Catalyst Life

A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks includes a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel. A basket is located within the reactor vessel interior and contains a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock that is discharged to a purified feedstock outlet. A catalyst is located within the reactor vessel and in fluid communication with the purified feedstock outlet of the basket for contacting the purified feedstock to form a desired product. 1. A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks comprising:a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel, the interior being defined by an interior wall of the reactor vessel;a distributor assembly located below and in fluid communication with the inlet for discharging the feedstock radially outward towards the interior walls of the reactor vessel;a basket located within the reactor vessel interior and below the distributor assembly, the basket having a fluid permeable outer wall and a first fluid permeable inner wall that is spaced radially inward from the outer wall to define a first annular interior space of the basket, the first annular interior space of the basket containing a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock, the outer wall of the basket being spaced radially inward from the interior wall of the reactor vessel to define an annular flow space between the outer wall of the basket and the interior wall of the reactor vessel, and wherein feedstocks introduced into the reactor vessel from the distributor assembly flow through the annular flow space and radially inward through the first annular interior space of the basket and through the particulate material to facilitate removal of contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock, the first fluid ...

STRUCTURED PACKING MODULE FOR USE IN A MASS TRANSFER COLUMN AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLY

A structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column. Corrugated sheets of structured packing in the structured packing module are held together by fasteners that extend into the corrugated sheets from opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets. 1. A structured packing module comprising:a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module; andfasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of the structured packing module.2. The structured packing module of claim 1 , wherein each of the structured packing sheets is corrugated with parallel corrugations and the structured packing sheets are arranged so that the corrugations of each one of the structured packing modules extend at an oblique angle to the corrugations of the adjacent ones of the structured packing modules.3. The structured packing module of claim 2 , wherein the fasteners do not extend to the opposite sides of the structured packing module.4. The structured packing module of claim 2 , wherein each of the fasteners extending from one of the sides of the structured packing module is paired with another one of the fasteners that extends from the opposite side of the structured packing module.5. The structured packing module of claim 4 , including two of the pairs of the fasteners positioned at spaced-apart locations. ...

HIGH-PERFORMANCE STRUCTURED PACKING FOR A FLUID CONTACTING COLUMN

The packing consists of a pile of plates comprising corrugations forming a succession of positive and negative edges, each edge comprising fins, each fin being made up of at least one band cut out in one of the plates and remaining secured to the plate on at least one side, the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate, wherein the direction of the edges of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to the direction of the edges of an adjacent plate. Each plate comprises at least one longitudinal zone parallel to one lip of the plate where the edges comprise no orifice, the zones being positioned in such a way that two adjacent plates have their zone one above the other so as to form at least one point of contact between a positive edge and a negative edge of the two adjacent plates. 1. A structured packing of a fluid contacting column defining an exchange surface for at least one liquid phase intended to come into intimate contact with at least one gas phase , said packing consisting of a pile of plates comprising corrugations , each plate being inscribed between two parallel planes , said corrugations forming a succession of positive and negative edges , each edge comprising fins inscribed between said two parallel planes , each one of said fins consisting of at least one band cut out in one of said plates , width of the band ranging between 1 and 15 mm , the band remaining secured to the plate on at least one side and the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate , wherein direction of the edges of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to direction of the edges of an adjacent plate , characterized in that each plate comprises at least one longitudinal zone parallel to one lip of the plate , where the edges comprise no orifice , said zones being positioned in such a way that two adjacent plates have their said zone one above the other so as to ...

HIGH-PERFORMANCE STRUCTURED PACKING FOR A FLUID CONTACTING COLUMN

The packing consists of a pile of plates comprising corrugations forming a succession of channels comprising fins, each fin being made up of at least one band cut out in one of the plates and remaining secured to the plate on at least one side, the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate, wherein the direction of the channels of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to the direction of the edges of an adjacent plate. Finally, the lengths of the fins of a channel are different from those of the fins of a neighbouring channel. 1. A structured packing of a fluid contacting column defining an exchange surface for at least one liquid phase intended to come into intimate contact with at least one gas phase , said packing consisting of a pile of rectangular plates comprising corrugations , each plate being inscribed between two parallel planes , said corrugations forming a succession of channels comprising fins inscribed between said two parallel planes , each one of said fins consisting of at least one band cut out in one of said plates , width of the band ranging between 1 and 15 mm , the band remaining secured to the plate on at least one side and the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate , wherein direction of the channels of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to direction of the channels of an adjacent plate , and wherein the lengths of the fins of a channel are different from the lengths of the fins of a neighbouring channel.2. A packing as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the length of the fins of a channel ranges between 1 and 15 mm claim 1 , and the length of the fins of a neighbouring channel is greater claim 1 , ranging between 2 and 50 mm.3. A packing as claimed in claim 1 , wherein all the fins of one channel have the same length.4. A fluid contacting column comprising several blocks with structured packings as claimed in claim 1 , ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PURIFYING SYNGAS

The invention relates to an apparatus for purifying raw syngas which comprises a vertically oriented vessel comprising (a) a bottom section comprising an inlet for the raw syngas, an outlet for contaminants-rich water located below the inlet for raw syngas, a bed of a packing material located above the inlet for raw syngas and at least one inlet for water located above the bed of packing material and below the middle section; (b) a middle section located directly above the bottom section and fluidly connected with such bottom section comprising a number of separation trays corresponding with a number of theoretical stages in the range of from 8 to 20 and at least one inlet for water located above the separation trays; and (c) a top section located directly above the middle section and fluidly connected with such middle section comprising de-entrainment means, at least one inlet for water located above the de-entrainment means and an outlet for the purified syngas located above the inlet for water. The invention also relates to a process for purifying syngas using the apparatus described above. 1. An apparatus for purifying raw syngas which comprises a vertically oriented vessel comprising (a1) an inlet for the raw syngas,', '(a2) an outlet for contaminants-containing water located below the inlet for raw syngas,', '(a3) a bed of a packing material located above the inlet for raw syngas; and', '(a4) at least one inlet for water located above the bed of packing material and below the middle section;, '(a) a bottom section comprising'} (b1) a number of separation trays corresponding with a number of theoretical stages in the range of from 8 to 20; and', '(b2) at least one inlet for water located above the separation trays; and, '(b) a middle section located directly above the bottom section and fluidly connected with such bottom section comprising'} (c1) de-entrainment means;', '(c2) at least one inlet for water located above the de-entrainment means; and', '(c3) an ...

CONTACT DEVICE FOR HEAT/MASS EXCHANGE AND PHASE SEPARATION

The invention relates to packed contact devices used in heat/mass exchange column apparatuses in which the processes of rectification, distillation, absorption, and extraction are run, and can be applied in the oil refining, petrochemical, chemical, gas-processing, and food-manufacturing industries. A contact device for carrying out heat/mass exchange and separation of phases in sectional cross-flow packed columns in gas/liquid and liquid/liquid systems comprises a plurality of identical contact elements assembled one upon another in one or more rows in blocks held together by spokes and vertical posts, with formation of walls in the column body that are restricted on horizontal end faces by horizontal segmental baffles conjugated in an arc with the column body; thereat, arranged between the walls are liquid distributors having a perforated part, an additional baffle, deflector plates, and vertical support plates. The space between the lower and upper walls is sealed by means of battens. 1. A contact device for carrying out heat/mass exchange and separation of phases in sectional cross-flow packed columns in gas/liquid and liquid/liquid systems , said device including an aggregate of identical contact elements assembled in a block , wherein the contact elements are arranged in parallel to each other , and being distinguished in that the blocks of identical contact elements assembled one upon another in one or more rows are held together by spokes and vertical posts and form various solid figures , which are restricted on horizontal end faces by horizontal segmental baffles conjugated in an arc with the column body; arranged below the lower end face of the upper wall and the upper end face of the lower wall is an additional baffle , which is partially conjugated with a corresponding horizontal segmental baffle acting as a distributor for the liquid downflow and made in the form of a plate with free end bent upward in gas/liquid systems (a) and in liquid/liquid ...

EXCHANGE COLUMN CONTACTOR CONSISTING OF RANDOM PACKING COMPARTMENTS

The invention relates to a contactor () comprising a random packing arrangement (A) in several compartments. The compartments can be delimited by perforated plates (P) or by structured packing walls. 1. A contactor for a column intended for heat and/or material exchange between two fluids , said contactor comprising a random packing , characterized in that said random packing is distributed among several compartments delimited by at least one wall splitting the random packing in the axial direction of contactor.2. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said contactors are substantially parallelepipedic claim 1 , cylindrical claim 1 , prismatic and/or they have the shape of cylinder portions.3. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one wall consists of a structured packing.4. A contactor as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the specific geometric surface area of said structured packing ranges between 125 and 750 m/m claim 3 , and it is preferably substantially equal to 250 m/m.5. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one wall is a perforated plate.6. A contactor as claimed in wherein claim 1 , said compartments being substantially parallelepipedic claim 1 , said walls form claim 1 , in a horizontal plane claim 1 , substantially perpendicular bands.7. A contactor as claimed in wherein claim 1 , said compartments being substantially cylindrical claim 1 , said walls form claim 1 , in a horizontal plane claim 1 , substantially concentric circles.8. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the periphery of said contactor is formed by a structured packing wall.9. A column intended for heat and/or material exchange between a gas and a liquid claim 1 , wherein the two fluids are contacted by means of at least one contactor as claimed in .10. A floating structure claim 9 , notably for hydrocarbon recovery claim 9 , characterized in that it comprises at least one column intended for heat and/or material exchange between a gas and a liquid as ...

EXCHANGE COLUMN CONTACTOR CONSISTING OF AN ARRANGEMENT OF STRUCTURED PACKINGS

The invention relates to a contactor () for a heat and/or material exchange column comprising an arrangement of two structured packings (A, B) developing different geometric surface areas and having parallel principal directions. 1. A contactor for a column intended for heat and/or material exchange between two fluids , said contactor comprising at least one packing layer consisting of an arrangement of at least a first structured packing and a second structured packing developing a specific geometric surface area greater than said first structured packing , characterized in that the principal direction of said first structured packing is parallel to the principal direction of said second structured packing.2. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said first and second structured packing are arranged as structured packing blocks claim 1 , and wherein each block of said first structured packing is surrounded by blocks of said second structured packing.3. A contactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said blocks are substantially parallelepipedic claim 2 , cylindrical claim 2 , prismatic and/or they have the shape of cylinder portions.4. A contactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the volume of each block of said second structured packing is smaller than the volume of each block of said first structured packing.5. A contactor as claimed in wherein claim 2 , said blocks being substantially parallelepipedic claim 2 , said blocks of said second structured packing form claim 2 , in a horizontal plane claim 2 , substantially perpendicular bands.6. A contactor as claimed in wherein claim 2 , said blocks being substantially cylindrical claim 2 , said blocks of said second structured packing form claim 2 , in a horizontal plane claim 2 , substantially concentric circles.7. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the periphery of said contactor consists of said second structured packing.8. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the specific geometric surface area ...

STRUCTURED PACKING FOR GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER UNIT

In existing structured packing, performance depends on effective contacting area. Performance decreases in cases having high surface tensions such mixtures containing a lot of water. Such mixtures are difficult to wet the packing surface. The present invention prevents liquid from intersecting the crease of the corrugation and from falling into a free space. Further, liquid flowing into the slot makes frequent liquid and vapor interfacial update resulting in positive utilization of the wetted area. The most important point of this invention is taking a large value of 3.5 or more of P/H (pitch/height of the crimp) and providing the horizontal slot on the crease, resulting in adding the flow reversal mechanism and frequent interfacial update. 1. A packing system comprising:a plurality of sheets, each sheet of the plurality of sheets comprising a first bend and an opposite parallel second bend, the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend defining a waved surface;a plurality of slots, each slot of the plurality of slots disposed across at least one of the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend; andwherein each sheet of the plurality of sheets is arranged in a cross-wise fashion relative to a vertically-adjacent sheet.2. The packing system of claim 1 , comprising a tab associated with each slot of the plurality of slots claim 1 , the tab being joined to opposite edges of the slot and being deflected inwardly with respect to the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend.3. The packing system of claim 2 , wherein:the slot comprises a width greater than or equal to 3mm; andthe slot comprises an actual length more than 50% of an unfolded length.4. The packing system of claim 2 , wherein the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend are disposed at an angle between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 60 degrees relative to a horizontal plane.5. The packing system of claim 2 , wherein a ratio of pitch to height of the first bend and the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING FRACTIONATION TRAYS

A chemical-process system includes a chemical-process column and a support disposed on an interior of the chemical-process column. A tray is disposed on a top surface of the support. A bolt is disposed through the tray and a clamp is disposed below the tray. The clamp has a notch formed therein for receiving a head region of the bolt. The clamp engages a bottom surface of the tray and a bottom surface of the support. The bolt is able to angularly displace with respect to at least one of the tray and the clamp. 1. A method for securing a tray in a chemical-process column , the method comprising:placing the tray on a support formed on an interior of the chemical-process column;disposing a bolt through the tray;positioning a clamp below the tray, the clamp being engaged with the bolt;engaging the clamp with a bottom surface of the tray and a bottom surface of the support;securing the tray to the support via a clamp system comprising a clamp and a bolt; andarticulating the bolt with respect to at least one of the clamp or the tray.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the articulating comprises articulating the bolt by zero degrees relative to the clamp.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clamp comprises a generally U-shaped profile.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clamp comprises a generally V-shaped profile.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the articulating comprises angularly displacing the bolt via a rounded bolt seat.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the rounded bolt seat is disposed on an underside of the clamp.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the articulating comprises angularly displacing the bolt via a dome-shaped washer.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the dome-shaped washer engages the bolt and is disposed on a top surface of the tray.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the securing comprises:securing a head region of the bolt via a notch; andtightening a nut disposed on a top surface of the tray, the nut operatively engaged with the bolt. This ...

Catalytic Sulfur Degassing

The invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for degassing liquid sulfur. According to the invention liquid sulfur is contacted with a catalyst module with voidage of 60% or more, which results in catalytic decomposition of HSto produce sulfur and HS, and stripping/re-moving the balance of the HS from the sulfur by means of the stripping gas. The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus comprising a catalyst module having an open volume of at least 60% and means for contacting liquid sulfur with a stripping gas to carry out said process. 118-. (canceled)19. A process for degassing liquid sulfur , which contains dissolved hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfides , comprising the step of contacting said liquid sulfur with a catalyst module , while contacting said liquid sulfur with a stripping gas , wherein the voidage of said catalyst module is 60% or more , wherein the sulfur flows downwards through the catalyst module , and wherein the required residence time of the sulfur in the process to reduce polysulfide content to less than 10 ppm wt. is less than one hour , wherein said stripping gas is nitrogen , and which process is carried out at a pressure of less than 2.5 barg and at a temperature from about 125° C. to about 155° C.201. The process according to claim , wherein the liquid sulfur is degassed in a vessel comprising more compartments.211. The process according to claim , wherein the catalyst module comprises alumina , silica , based-washed soda glass , a Lewis-base catalyst , iron oxide or a base-washed ceramic.221. The process according to claim ,wherein the catalyst module is in the form of structured packing , a monolith or random packing.231. The process according to claim , wherein said catalyst module is a random packing selected from Raschig rings , Pall rings or a combination thereof.241. The process according to claim , wherein the catalyst module has an open volume of at least 65%.251. The process according to claim , wherein ...

Restoring Cooling Tower Outlet Fog into Water Cycle

The invented system used in wet cooling tower, restore outlet fog of cooling tower into collection basin and consequently cooling water cycle. This invention consists of three main components; pump and its pertaining piping, waterfall and micron fog eliminator. In the first stage, the air containing fog is passed through a waterfall before exhausting. This action causes some portions of fog to condensate and fall down, remaining droplets of the fog grow and together with air cross the fog eliminator blades. Fog's droplets are entrapped between blades, leave the air, and restore to the tower. Therefore, humidity of exhausted air from tower will be effectively reduced. 1- A counter flow wet cooling tower system for cooling warm water comprising; a pump; a waterfall header; a micron fog eliminator; blocking wall , a main collection basin , a first basin; a hose; fills packing; a suction fan; multiple nozzles; wherein said micron fog eliminator comprises multiple blades having specific thickness; wherein said blades absorb water droplets at least 10 microns and higher; wherein said blades are positioned perpendicular with respect to said first basin; said system further comprising a warm water inlet and a cooled pressurized water outlet; wherein said pressurized water outlet transfers cooled water accumulated inside said major basin to said waterfall header; wherein said cooled water falls from said waterfall header forming a waterfall effect against a waterfall wall; wherein said waterfall wall is adjacent to said first basin; wherein said hose connects said first basin and said main basin and transfers said cooled water inside said first basin to said main basin; therefore creating a water cycle inside said tower; wherein warm water enters said tower by said warm water inlet , then said warm water is sprayed directly on said fill packing via said multiple nozzles; wherein said fill packing is in direct contact with cold/ambient air that flows freely through said fills ...