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Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 4414. Отображено 200.
20-06-2006 дата публикации

РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬ ОТРАБОТАВШЕГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Номер: RU2278144C2

Изобретение относится к способу и устройству, предназначенным для улучшения распределения как отработавшего катализатора, так и транспортирующих газов переноса в регенераторе установки крекинга с псевдоожиженным катализатором. Распределитель отработавшего катализатора, предназначенный для использования в регенераторе установки с псевдоожиженным катализатором, содержит: трубопровод, отверстие которого заканчивается внутри указанного регенератора, предназначенный для подачи смеси отработавшего катализатора и транспортирующего газа в регенератор; первый диск, окружающий отверстие трубопровода на верхнем торце трубопровода, в регенераторе; второй диск, расположенный на некотором расстоянии вверх от первого диска и жестко соединенный с ним (первым диском), так что благодаря этому между ними формируется, по существу, открытое пространство; конус отражателя, прикрепленный своим основанием ко второму диску, причем конус отражателя направлен вниз и установлен по центру над выходным отверстием трубопровода ...

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10-09-2012 дата публикации

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЫРЬЯ, ГОРЮЧИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ТОПЛИВА ИЗ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

Номер: RU2460758C2

Изобретение относится к установке для производства сырья, горючих материалов и топлива из органических веществ. Изобретение касается установки для производства сырья, горючих материалов и топлива из органических веществ, включающей реактор (10), который содержит загрузочное устройство (11) для органических веществ, разгрузочное устройство (12) для продуктов реакции и оборудование (13) для подвода энергии реакции с целью преобразования органических веществ в продукты реакции, где загрузочное устройство (11) содержит пневматические средства (24) подвода твердых веществ, снабженные по меньшей мере одной емкостью (26), которая по меньшей мере частично облицована газопроницаемым материалом (39), и в области газопроницаемого материала (39) в емкость (26) введено по меньшей мере одно газоподводящее устройство (27b) таким образом, что подводимый газ поступает в емкость (26) через газопроницаемый материал (39). Технический результат - преобразование органических веществ в продукты реакции за счет ...

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31-07-2020 дата публикации

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ РЕАКЦИЙ С ТОНКОПОРОШКОВЫМИ ДИСПЕРСИЯМИ ЩЕЛОЧНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ

Номер: RU2728775C2

Предложено применение устройства для проведения непрерывных химических реакций для осуществления взаимодействия тонкопорошковых дисперсий щелочных металлов в апротонных органических растворителях, причем в качестве указанного устройства используется реактор с вращающимися дисками. Технический результат - получение в распоряжение непрерывного способа для проведения химических реакций с жидкостными тонкопорошковыми дисперсиями щелочных металлов в инертных растворителях, который не будет ограничен описанными проблемами полупериодического технологического режима, что приводит к значительному улучшению в плане аспектов безопасности таких реакций, а также в явственно улучшенной воспроизводимости качества продуктов в стационарном состоянии такого непрерывного процесса. 8 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 табл., 3 пр.

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27-06-2013 дата публикации

СПОСОБ ЗАСЫПКИ ПРОДОЛЬНОГО УЧАСТКА КОНТАКТНОЙ ТРУБЫ

Номер: RU2486009C2
Принадлежит: БАСФ СЕ (DE)

Изобретение касается способа засыпки продольного участка контактной трубы единообразной частью твердого слоя катализатора. Способ засыпки продольного участка контактной трубы единообразной частью твердого слоя катализатора, активная масса которого представляет собой, по меньшей мере, один мультиэлементный оксид, который содержит a) элементы Мо, Fe и Bi, или b) элементы Мо и V, или c) элемент V, а также дополнительно Р и/или Sb, или активная масса которого содержит элементарное серебро на оксидном изделии-носителе, и который состоит из одного единственного сорта Sили из гомогенизированной смеси нескольких отличных друг от друга сортов Sкаталитически активных формованных изделий определенной геометрической формы или каталитически активных формованных изделий и инертных формованных изделий определенной геометрической формы, причем медиана максимальных продольных размеров L изделий определенной геометрической формы сорта Sхарактеризуется значением D , по меньшей мере, в пределах одного сорта ...

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20-10-2007 дата публикации

СПОСОБ ДОЗИРОВАНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ

Номер: RU2308320C2

Предложен способ дозирования катализаторов в реактор, включающий суспендирование катализатора в углеводороде путем перемешивания в приемной емкости с обеспечением движения полученной суспензии через трехходовой дозирующий клапан и эжектор непосредственно в реактор, при этом сначала содержащую катализатор суспензию выгружают из приемной емкости посредством насоса и подвергают непрерывной циркуляции, возвращая суспензию в приемную емкость через трехходовой дозирующий клапан по замкнутой системе трубопроводов, затем устанавливают давление в приемной емкости, на 0,1-30 бар превышающее давление в реакторе, и благодаря пульсирующему функционированию трехходового дозирующего клапана, теперь находящегося в открытом положении, осуществляют непрерывную подачу суспензии в реактор через расходомер, управляющий этим клапаном, и последовательно присоединенный к нему эжектор. Приведена схема дозирующего устройства. Изобретение обеспечивает непрерывную и равномерную подачу катализатора в реактор, причем ...

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31-05-2019 дата публикации

УСТРОЙСТВО СБОРА ГАЗООБРАЗНОЙ ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ ДЛЯ РАДИАЛЬНОГО РЕАКТОРА

Номер: RU2690359C2
Принадлежит: ИФП ЭНЕРЖИ НУВЕЛЛЬ (FR)

Изобретение относится к устройству сбора газообразной текучей среды для установок, работающих на подвижном слое с радиальной циркуляцией сырья, а также реактору с радиальным слоем, содержащему такое устройство, и способу каталитической конверсии углеводородного сырья с применением такого реактора. Устройство содержит вертикальную цилиндрическую сетку, которая является проницаемой для газообразной текучей среды и непроницаемой для частиц катализатора, и вертикальную цилиндрическую трубу, которая является проницаемой для газообразной текучей среды и непроницаемой для частиц катализатора и которая закреплена на сетке и расположена концентрично относительно сетки. При этом труба содержит одну или несколько зон, проницаемых для газообразной текучей среды, и множество зон ограниченной проницаемости для газообразной текучей среды по сравнению с зоной, проницаемой для газообразной текучей среды, при этом каждая зона ограниченной проницаемости имеет меньшую пористость, чем проницаемая зона, причем ...

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14-11-2017 дата публикации

ПНЕВМАТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА ПЛОТНОЙ ЗАГРУЗКИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА В БАЙОНЕТНЫЕ ТРУБЫ ДЛЯ РЕАКТОРА-ТЕПЛООБМЕННИКА КОНВЕРСИИ С ВОДЯНЫМ ПАРОМ

Номер: RU2635601C2
Принадлежит: ИФП ЭНЕРЖИ НУВЕЛЛЬ (FR)

Изобретение относится к устройству и способу загрузки каталитических труб, используемых в трубчатых реакторах-теплообменниках, которые могут быть использованы при конверсии с водяным паром природного газа или различных углеводородных фракций с целью получения синтез-газа. Для плотной и равномерной загрузки катализатора в реактор-теплообменник конверсии с водяным паром, состоящий из множества систем из двух коаксиальных труб с кольцевым пространством между ними, заключенных в каландр, кольцевое пространство разделено на два или три одинаковых горизонтальных сектора. Каждый сектор простирается на всю длину труб посредством «центратора», расположенного в верхней части кольцевого пространства, и каждый сектор снабжен собственной системой съемных дефлекторов. Дефлекторы соединены между собой цепью, которая наматывается вокруг барабана, расположенного вне заполняемой трубы. Частицы катализатора подают в кольцевое пространство посредством воронки. 2 н. и 4 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 1 пр.

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22-05-2020 дата публикации

Номер: RU2018140981A3
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29-05-2020 дата публикации

Номер: RU2018141870A3
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16-04-2019 дата публикации

Номер: RU2016107375A3
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11-12-2019 дата публикации

Номер: RU2018103408A3
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16-03-2018 дата публикации

Номер: RU2016130847A3
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10-07-2013 дата публикации

СИСТЕМЫ ПОДАЧИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Номер: RU2486952C2

Изобретение относится к системам подачи катализатора и способам, в которых применяются такие системы. Система подачи катализатора для полимеризации олефинов включает сосуд для подачи катализатора и теплообменную систему, предназначенную для поддержания температуры каталитической системы внутри сосуда, составляющей 27°С или менее, и которая ниже критической температуры потока. Теплообменная система включает гибкие соединения, предназначенные для подачи охлаждающей среды в рубашку сосуда. Охлаждающая среда включает одно из следующих веществ: воздух, жидкий азот, жидкий диоксид углерода, гликоль, вода, жидкие алканы, хладагенты и смеси перечисленного. Также предложен способ улучшения текучести гетерогенной твердой или нанесенной каталитической системы в системе подачи катализатора, в котором каталитическая система в форме частиц протекает через систему подачи катализатора. Кроме того, описан способ полимеризации олефинов, включающий поддержание температуры нанесенного катализатора в сосуде ...

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10-04-2013 дата публикации

СПОСОБ РАБОТЫ РЕАКТОРА С РУТЕНИЕВЫМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ

Номер: RU2478565C2
Принадлежит: ОСАКА ГЭС КО., ЛТД. (JP)

Изобретение относится к области химии. Заполняют реакционный резервуар каталитического реактора рутениевым катализатором. Уровень высоты заполнения катализатором устанавливают выше уровня высоты подачи текучего материала. В качестве текучего материала подают смешанный газ, содержащий, главным образом, углеводород, 1-кислородсодержащий газ и пар. Получают синтез-газ, содержащий водород и моноксид углерода. Выполняют мониторинг мольного отношения (С/O) углерода, содержащегося в углеводородном газе, и кислорода, содержащегося в кислородсодержащем газе, которые подают в реакционный резервуар, и останавливают подачу кислородсодержащего газа в реакционный резервуар до того, как мольное отношение С/Oснизится ниже критического мольного отношения, при котором возникает рассеивание рутения в рутениевом катализаторе. Изобретение позволяет заблаговременно предотвратить рассеивание рутениевого катализатора и стабилизировать процесс. 2 н. и 3 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил.

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10-03-2002 дата публикации

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЗАГРУЗКИ ЧАСТИЦ В ТРУБУ ТРУБЧАТОГО РЕАКТОРА

Номер: RU2180265C1

Изобретение относится к способам и устройствам, предназначенным для загрузки сыпучих материалов, и может быть использовано в химической, нефтеперерабатывающей и других отраслях промышленности, например, в реакторах первичного риформинга. Изобретение решает задачу загрузки частиц в трубу с образованием однородного по высоте и одинакового для всех загружаемых труб слоя частиц при гарантированном обеспечении их сохранности в процессе загрузки при одновременном увеличении скорости загрузки. Поставленная задача решается тем, что применяют способ, при котором каждая частица свободно падает в трубе под воздействием силы гравитации и поступает на поверхность формируемого слоя с постоянной скоростью, одинаковой для всех частиц и меньшей, чем скорость падения, при которой частицы могут разрушиться от соударения с частицами формируемого слоя. Указанную скорость падения частиц в трубе устанавливают путем торможения встречным потоком газа, который подают в нижнюю часть не загруженной частицами внутренности ...

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25-03-2021 дата публикации

РЕАКТОР С КИПЯЩИМ СЛОЕМ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПАРА-КСИЛОЛА И СОВМЕСТНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НИЗШИХ ОЛЕФИНОВ ИЗ БЕНЗОЛА И МЕТАНОЛА И/ИЛИ ДИМЕТИЛОВОГО ЭФИРА

Номер: RU2745438C1

Изобретение относится к реакторам с кипящим слоем и их использованию для получения пара-ксилола и совместного получения низших олефинов из бензола и метанола и/или диметилового эфира. Описан реактор, содержащий первый и второй распределитель, через которые в реактор поступают материальные потоки A и В, причем первый распределитель расположен в нижней части кипящего слоя, а второй расположен в по меньшей мере одной зоне газового потока после первого распределителя; причем второй распределитель содержит впускную трубу, микропористую трубу и впускную кольцевую трубу; впускная труба соединена с газовым каналом микропористой трубы, причем газ подают через впускную трубу снаружи от кипящего слоя в микропористую трубу в кипящем слое; впускная кольцевая труба соединена с газовым каналом впускной трубы, причем впускная кольцевая труба расположена в плоскости, перпендикулярной направлению потока газа из первого распределителя; микропористая труба расположена на кольцевой впускной трубе и перпендикулярно ...

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10-06-2019 дата публикации

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВАНАДИЕВОГО ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТА ВЫСОКОЙ ЧИСТОТЫ

Номер: RU2691058C1

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, а именно к системе и способу получения ванадиевого электролита высокой чистоты, который затем используется в проточном редокс-аккумуляторе. Способ включает получение оксида ванадия низкой валентности из окситрихлорида ванадия, выступающего в качестве исходного материала, путем осаждения аммонийной соли, восстановления в псевдоожиженном слое и получения ванадиевого электролита высокой чистоты при низкой температуре путем добавления раствора серной кислоты и чистой воды с растворением и активацией в условиях воздействия ультразвука. Эффективное использование тепла достигается путем теплообмена между аммонийной солью и восстановительным отходящим газом и за счет теплообмена между продуктом восстановления и псевдоожиженным газообразным азотом. Газообразный аммиак в восстановительном отходящем газе восстанавливают для осаждения ванадия с целью обеспечения повторного использования газообразного аммиака. Внутренний элемент введен в псевдоожиженный ...

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11-08-2021 дата публикации

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ МОДИФИКАЦИИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА НА ОСНОВЕ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СИТА И СПОСОБ

Номер: RU2752947C1

Изобретение относится к устройствам и к их использованию. Описан способ модификации катализатора на основе молекулярного сита в устройстве для модификации катализатора на основе молекулярного сита, включающий введение катализатора на основе молекулярного сита, на основе молекулярного сита HZSM-5 и HZSM-11 и модификатора в модифицирующий блок, соответственно, через питающий блок, причем катализатор модифицируют посредством модификатора в модифицирующем блоке и затем выпускают в охлаждающий блок для охлаждения до температуры, составляющей менее чем 50°C, и затем охлаждаемый модифицированный катализатор перемещают в любое устройство для хранения, причем модификацию осуществляют в атмосфере инертного газа при температуре в диапазоне от 150 до 600°C в течение времени модификации в диапазоне от 0 до 10 ч; модификатор представляет собой по меньшей мере один модификатор, выбранный из фосфорного реагента, силилирующего реагента и толуола. Технический результат - возможность применения способа модификации ...

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10-05-2005 дата публикации

СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ В ПАРОВОЙ ФАЗЕ

Номер: RU2004123098A
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... 1. Способ каталитического окисления в паровой фазе для получения газообразного реакционного продукта при использовании многотрубного реактора с неподвижным слоем теплообменного типа, образованного множеством реакционных труб и подачей исходного газообразного материала внутрь реакционных труб, набитых катализатором, при котором осуществляют регулирование потерь давления соответствующих реакционных труб таким образом, что потери давления соответствующих реакционных труб после набивки катализатора находятся в пределах ±20% от средней потери давления реакционных труб при набивке инертного вещества во впускную часть исходного газообразного материала реакционных труб или удалении набитого катализатора и повторной набивке катализатора для реакционной трубы, имеющей потерю давления меньше средней потери давления реакционных труб; и удалении набитого катализатора и повторной набивке катализатора для реакционной трубы, имеющей потерю давления больше средней потери давления реакционных труб. 2. Способ ...

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10-04-2016 дата публикации

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ ЛИГНИНА В СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ПОДХОДЯЩИЕ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Номер: RU2014132943A
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... 1. Непрерывный способ конверсии лигнинового сырья, содержащего лигнин, причем указанный способ включает:дезоксигенирование лигнина до совокупности продуктов конверсии лигнина в реакторе для конверсии лигнина, содержащем содержимое реактора, содержащее жидкую композицию, содержащую по меньшей мере одно соединение, являющееся жидкостью при 1 бар и 25°C; и при этом одновременное непрерывное выведение по меньшей мере части совокупности продуктов конверсии лигнина из реактора;где конверсию лигнина проводят путем приведения лигнина в контакт с водородом и первым катализатором; иконверсию лигнина проводят при температуре конверсии лигнина и давлении конверсии лигнина, где температура конверсии лигнина находится в интервале выше температуры кипения указанной жидкой композиции при атмосферном давлении и ниже критической температуры жидкой композиции, а давление конверсии лигнина выше давления в пузырьке указанной жидкой композиции при температуре конверсии лигнина, при этом давление конверсии лигнина ...

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10-06-2009 дата публикации

ЭКСТРУДЕРНЫЙ НАСОС ДЛЯ СУХОЙ УГОЛЬНОЙ ПУЛЬПЫ ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

Номер: RU2007143831A
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... 1. Система для сжатия топливного сырья, используемого в реакторе высокого давления, содержащая: ! контейнер, выполненный с возможностью приема топливного сырья; ! экструдерный насос в жидкостном соединении с контейнером, причем экструдерный насос выполнен с возможностью сжатия топливного сырья; ! приемный резервуар в жидкостном соединении с экструдерным насосом,и выполненный с возможностью приема сжатого текучего материала из экструдерного насоса; и ! при этом экструдерный насос включает в себя систему, содержащую множество движущих элементов, выполненных с возможностью последовательно сжимать топливное сырье. ! 2. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что множество движущих валиков расположены в экструдерном насосе так, что образуют угол с вертикальной плоскостью. ! 3. Система по п.2, отличающаяся тем, что угол множества движущих валиков находится в диапазоне от нуля до пятнадцати градусов. ! 4. Система по любому из пп.1-3, отличающаяся тем, что множество движущих валиков дополнительно содержит ...

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30-04-2019 дата публикации

СПОСОБ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ КРАХМАЛА

Номер: RU2017133825A
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27-01-2010 дата публикации

ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ ПОДАЧИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И/ИЛИ ЧАСТИЦ ВЕЩЕСТВА К ЛЮБОМУ УСТРОЙСТВУ СИСТЕМЫ НАПОЛНЕНИЯ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОМУ ДЛЯ НАПОЛНЕНИЯ ТРУБ

Номер: RU2008129133A
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... 1. Устройство для автоматической подачи частиц вещества к трубе, помещенной в печи с вертикальными трубами, типа применяемой в установках для риформинга, содержащее: ! бункер, имеющий отверстие на нижнем конце, ! заслонку, установленную на бункере, выборочно выступающую над отверстием в бункере, ! ящик, установленный под бункером, ! основную загрузочную площадку, установленную в ящике, перекрывающую снизу отверстие в бункере, причем указанная основная загрузочная площадка имеет угол наклона и проходит до нижнего края ящика, при этом указанная основная загрузочная площадка содержит средство для обеспечения падения пыли и мелких фракций сквозь указанную основную загрузочную площадку, ! средство для транспортировки частиц вещества к переходнику загрузки трубы, которое присоединено к ящику вблизи одного конца указанной основной загрузочной площадки, ! средство для сбора пыли и мелких фракций, присоединенное к ящику, перекрывающее снизу указанную основную загрузочную площадку, ! причем переходник ...

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27-04-2009 дата публикации

ТРУБКИ ДЛЯ ВВОДА КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И/ИЛИ ДРУГОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ВИДЕ ЧАСТИЦ

Номер: RU2007139254A
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... 1. Устройство для загрузки материала в виде частиц, содержащее: ! приспособление для поворота указанного устройства, ! установочную поверхность, соединенную с указанным приспособлением для поворота, ! образующие препятствия элементы, закрепленные на установочной поверхности и расположенные последовательно с образованием спиральной конфигурации. ! 2. Устройство по п.1, в котором установочная поверхность присоединена под указанным приспособлением для поворота. ! 3. Устройство по п.1, в котором образующие препятствия элементы представляют собой цилиндрические пружины из нержавеющей стали. ! 4. Устройство по п.1, в котором образующие препятствия элементы представляют собой ответвления сплошного типа. ! 5. Устройство по п.1, в котором образующие препятствия элементы представляют собой ответвления щеточного типа, выполненные из нержавеющей стали. ! 6. Устройство по п.1, в котором указанные образующие препятствия элементы представляют собой элементы по меньшей мере двух разных типов, выбранных ...

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27-01-2014 дата публикации

ПАССИВНАЯ СИСТЕМА ПОДАЧИ ТВЕРДЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ И СПОСОБ ПОДАЧИ ТВЕРДЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

Номер: RU2012128052A
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... 1. Система подачи твердых веществ, включающая:(i) зону деаэрации твердых веществ и(ii) зону насоса для твердых веществ;в которой указанная зона деаэрации твердых веществ сообщается по потоку с указанной зоной насоса для твердых веществ; указанная зона деаэрации твердых веществ включает контейнер, включающий проход, ограниченный одной или более наклонными стенками; вход для введения твердых веществ в проход; выход для дозирования твердых веществ из прохода в указанную зону насоса для твердых веществ; причем указанные одна или более наклонные стенки сближаются в продольном направлении от входа к выходу, образуя угол стенки с вертикальной плоскостью; указанная зона насоса для твердых веществ выполнена с возможностью деаэрации и перемещения твердых веществ под действием силы тяжести в указанную зону насоса для твердых веществ, причем указанные твердые вещества становятся достаточно уплотненными перед поступлением и при поступлении в указанную зону насоса для твердых веществ для эффективного ...

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27-07-2013 дата публикации

СФОРМИРОВАННЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРНЫЕ БЛОКИ

Номер: RU2012102016A
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... 1. Катализаторный блок, пригодный для загрузки в трубу, включающий множество катализаторных частиц Фишера-Тропша, содержащих один или более восстанавливаемых металлов, выбираемых из Co или Fe в оксидной или восстановленной форме, расположенных в удаляемой матрице из воска или полимера, указанный блок имеет форму удлиненного тела, в котором частицы заполнены так, что объемная усадка после удаления удаляемой матрицы составляет ≤20%.2. Катализаторный блок по п.1, который имеет форму цилиндра с диаметром D в диапазоне от 1 до 15 см и с длиной в диапазоне от 0,75D до 20D.3. Катализаторный блок по п.2, в котором D находится в диапазоне от 1 до 5,5 см, а длина цилиндра находится в диапазоне от 10 до 200 см, предпочтительно, от 10 до 100 см, более предпочтительно, от 10 до 50 см.4. Катализаторный блок по п.2, в котором катализаторные частицы представляют собой пеллеты, гранулы или экструдаты с наибольшим размером в диапазоне от 0,04D до 0,2D.5. Катализаторный блок по п.1, в котором катализаторные ...

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10-03-2005 дата публикации

СПОСОБ ДОЗИРОВАНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ

Номер: RU2003126588A
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... 1. Способ дозирования катализаторов в реактор, причем сначала катализатор суспендируют в углеводороде в приемной емкости и путем перемешивания обеспечивают движение полученной суспензии, затем суспензию через трехходовой дозирующий клапан и эжектор направляют непосредственно в реактор, отличающийся тем, что сначала содержащую катализатор суспензию выгружают из приемной емкости посредством насоса и подвергают непрерывной циркуляции, возвращая суспензию в приемную емкость через трехходовой дозирующий клапан по замкнутой системе трубопроводов, затем устанавливают давление в приемной емкости, на 0,1-30 бар превышающее давление в реакторе, и благодаря пульсирующему функционированию трехходового дозирующего клапана, теперь находящегося в открытом положении, осуществляют непрерывную подачу суспензии в реактор через расходомер, управляющий этим клапаном, и последовательно присоединенный к нему эжектор. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что содержимое приемной емкости посредством насоса подвергают ...

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03-07-2017 дата публикации

Vorrichtung zum Befüllen eines Behälters mit partikelförmigem Material

Номер: DE202017101902U1
Автор:

Befüllvorrichtung (1) zum Befüllen eines Behälters mit partikelförmigem Material (28), umfassend – einen Zuführbehälter (2), der mit dem partikelförmigen Material (28) befüllbar ist, wobei der Zuführbehälter (2) eine untere Öffnung (2.2) aufweist, und – eine radiale Verteileinrichtung (3), welcher das partikelförmige Material (28) durch die untere Öffnung (2.2) des Zuführbehälters (2) zuführbar ist, und welche mit dem Zuführbehälter (2) um eine Drehachse (A) drehbar verbunden ist, zum Verteilen des von dem Zuführbehälter (2) der Verteileinrichtung (3) zugeführten partikelförmigen Materials (28) in dem zu befüllenden Behälter, wobei die Verteileinrichtung (3) mittels einer außerhalb des Zuführbehälters (2) angeordneten Antriebseinrichtung (4), welche einen Motor (4.1), ein erstes (4.2, 4.2a) und ein zweites Antriebsmittel (4.3, 4.3a) umfasst, antreibbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Motor (4.1) der Antriebseinrichtung (4) an einer Außenwand des Zuführbehälters (2) befestigt und seitlich ...

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28-04-2016 дата публикации

Wirbelschichtreaktor und Verfahren zur Herstellung von polykristallinem Siliciumgranulat

Номер: DE102014221928A1
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Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Wirbelschichtreaktor zur Herstellung von polykristallinem Siliciumgranulat, umfassend einen Reaktorkopf (10), ein Reaktorrohr (3) und einen Reaktorboden (9), weiterhin umfassend eine Heizvorrichtung, wenigstens eine Bodengasdüse zur Zuführung von Fluidisierungsgas (1) sowie wenigstens eine Sekundärgasdüse zur Zuführung von Reaktionsgas (2), eine Seedzuführeinrichtung (4), um Silicium-Keimpartikel zuzuführen, eine Produktentnahmeleitung (5) für polykristallines Siliciumgranulat sowie eine Einrichtung zum Abführen von Abgas (6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Bodengasdüse, die wenigstens eine Sekundärgasdüse sowie die Produktentnahmeleitung (5) für polykristallines Siliciumgranulat mittels Dichtungen/Packungen (8) gegenüber dem Reaktorboden (9) abgedichtet sind und dass das Reaktorrohr (3) gegenüber dem Reaktorkopf (10) und dem Reaktorboden (9) mittels Dichtungen (7) abgedichtet ist, wobei die Dichtungen/Packungen (7, 8) aus Graphit bestehen und weniger als ...

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13-12-1973 дата публикации

ROHRSYSTEM ZUR EINLEITUNG EINES KATALYSATORS

Номер: DE0002327767A1
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16-04-2009 дата публикации

Method for filling tubes of tube bundle reactor with bulk material e.g. tablets, involves determining dumping height of bulk material present in tubes of tube bundles reactor by laser, radar or ultrasonic

Номер: DE102007043839A1
Принадлежит:

The method involves determining a dumping height (76) of a bulk material present in tubes (15) of a tube bundle reactor (10) by laser, radar or ultrasonic. The tubes are filled with the bulk material over a filler opening (19), and the dumping height of the bulk material is determined by measuring a distance of a surface of a fill to a reference point (64). A distance of the reference point to a base (17) of the tubes or to a surface of the material, present in the tube, is determined before filling the tubes. An independent claim is also included for a filling device for filling tubes of a tube bundles reactor with a bulk material, comprising a laser measuring device.

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26-10-1978 дата публикации

Номер: DE0002013615B2

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12-08-1987 дата публикации

A tubular reactor and process for supplying granular catalyst material and/or liquid into the tubes of the tubular reactor

Номер: GB0002186209A
Принадлежит:

The reactor tubes 8 of a tubular reactor are mounted in an upper tube plate 6 and are surrounded by a liquid coolant during operation. A vertically movable distributor plate 15 is disposed over the upper tube plate and is provided with distributor tubes 18, which extend into the top portions of the reactor tubes. Granular catalyst material is first supplied onto the distributor plate, and then through the tubes into the reactor tubes. The catalyst material on the distributor plate is then removed and the plate is raised so that the distributor tubes are emptied. The reactor tubes are thus filled except for an upper volume, which remains free of catalyst. The distributor plate may also be used to distribute liquid into the reactor tubes. ...

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12-02-1974 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM FOR SOLID WASTES

Номер: GB0001384010A
Автор:
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... 1384010 Pyrolysis of waste materials AWT SYSTEMS Inc 16 April 1973 18131/73 Heading C5E [Also in Division F4] Solid waste is pyrolysed in a first fluidized bed supported on a distributer plate 40 sloping downwardly to an outlet below which a second fluidized bed is formed in a pipe 42 so that heavy uncombusted material sinks to the bottom of the pipe 42 and can be removed through an air lock. The waste is fed to an inlet in the side of the sloping distributer plate 40 by a screw conveyer 38 which receives waste cut from a plug at the end of a supply screw conveyer 15 by a rotating device 18. If the plug is insufficient to seal the supply system from the atmosphere, the device 18 is moved to seal the end of the casing 16 of conveyer 15. The fluidizing air or gas is fed to a plenum chamber surrounding the lower fluidized bed tube 42 through two inlets, and the holes 62, 63 in the plate 40 and tube 42 and the air feed is such that the upper bed is supplied with gas at more than twice the minimum ...

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13-12-2017 дата публикации

High temperature multiphase injection device

Номер: GB0002551135A
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An injection apparatus, which may be for use in a high temperature, high pressure reactor, has a nozzle with a plurality of passages 10, 20b, 30b. The nozzle may have a main passage 10 with at least one concentric secondary passage 20b, 30b, for fluid, gas or solid media. The nozzle may inject media into the reactor at different angles, creating turbulence. Passages may or may not be isolated from each other, e.g using a splitter. The nozzle may act as a heat exchanger whereby oxidant media passing through the nozzle is preheated to near-process temperatures while maintaining cooling at the nozzle tips to prolong service life. Coolant may flow through a passage, cooling the nozzle shell. Nozzle passages may incorporate measurement instruments, e.g. flame detection means, pilot lights and a probe.

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02-09-2009 дата публикации

Monitoring device installation method and apparatus

Номер: GB0000913093D0
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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19-07-2005 дата публикации

Device of dispersion of a solid material divided inside a container.

Номер: OA0000011754A
Принадлежит:

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31-05-2015 дата публикации

Multi-level furnace and method for thermal treatment of a material flow

Номер: AP0201508468D0
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31-05-2015 дата публикации

Multi-level furnace and method for thermal treatment of a material flow

Номер: AP2015008468A0
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26-07-2006 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for loading a particulate solid into a vertical tube

Номер: AP0000001643A
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A process is described in which an elastic fluid is contacted with a paniculate solid. This comprises providing a substantially vertical elongate tubular containment zone (1) containing a charge of the particulate solid (5), the volume of the containment zone (1) being greater than the settled volume of the particulate solid (5). An upper retainer means (3) is mounted at the upper end of the containment zone (1), the upper retainer means (3) being permeable to the fluid but adapted to retain particulate solid (5) in the containment zone (1). A follower means (4) is movably mounted in the containment zone (1) beneath the charge of particulate solid (5) for movement upwardly from the lower end of the containment zone (1) upon upward flow of elastic fluid through the containment zone (1) at a rate beyond a threshold rate. In the process the elastic fluid is caused to flow upwardly through the containment zone (1) at a rate which is sufficient to cause particulate solid (5) to rise up towards ...

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31-12-2003 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for loading a particulate solid into a vertical tube.

Номер: AP2003002946A0
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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31-12-2009 дата публикации

Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release

Номер: AP2010005097A0
Автор: WEISS MICHAEL J
Принадлежит:

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31-12-2011 дата публикации

Process and installation for making protected catalyst bodies by means of a molten organic substance.

Номер: AP2011006004A0
Автор: BRODZIAK ZOFIA ANNA
Принадлежит:

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12-06-2006 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for loading a particulate solid into a vertical tube.

Номер: OA0000012615A
Принадлежит:

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31-12-2003 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for loading a particulate solid into a vertical tube.

Номер: AP0200302946A0
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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31-12-2011 дата публикации

Process and installation for making protected catalyst bodies by means of a molten organic substance.

Номер: AP0201106004D0
Автор: BRODZIAK ZOFIA ANNA
Принадлежит:

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31-12-2003 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for loading a particulate solid into a vertical tube.

Номер: AP0200302946D0
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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31-12-2011 дата публикации

Process and installation for making protected catalyst bodies by means of a molten organic substance.

Номер: AP0201106004A0
Автор: BRODZIAK ZOFIA ANNA
Принадлежит:

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31-12-2009 дата публикации

Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release

Номер: AP0201005097A0
Автор: WEISS MICHAEL J
Принадлежит:

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31-05-2015 дата публикации

Multi-level furnace and method for thermal treatment of a material flow

Номер: AP0201508468A0
Принадлежит:

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15-07-2007 дата публикации

PROCEDURE FOR FILLING INDIVIDUAL SOLIDS INTO PERPENDICULAR PIPES

Номер: AT0000364441T
Автор: DESSEN ERIK, DESSEN, ERIK
Принадлежит:

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15-02-2011 дата публикации

TOOL TO THE LOADING OF REACTOR PIPES

Номер: AT0000496688T
Принадлежит:

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15-02-2010 дата публикации

FILLING DEVICE FOR BANK OF TUBES REACTORS

Номер: AT0000456980T
Принадлежит:

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15-10-2007 дата публикации

IMPROVED SYSTEM TO FLIESSBETTCRACKING OF HYDROCARBON MOLECULES

Номер: AT0000375202T
Принадлежит:

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15-05-2011 дата публикации

FÖRDERUND AIR-LOCK SYSTEM

Номер: AT0000508792T
Принадлежит:

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09-07-2004 дата публикации

PARTICULATE FLOW CONTROL PROCESS

Номер: AU2003290011A1
Принадлежит:

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01-03-2007 дата публикации

Syphon with reactor

Номер: AU2006282633A1
Принадлежит:

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19-05-2011 дата публикации

Device and method for loading solid particles into a chamber

Номер: AU2008350089A2
Принадлежит:

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01-01-2001 дата публикации

Номер: AU0000231502A
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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04-12-2008 дата публикации

Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release

Номер: AU2008256606A1
Принадлежит:

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24-03-2016 дата публикации

Sealpot and method for controlling a solids flow rate therethrough

Номер: AU2010234852B2
Принадлежит:

A sealpot (100) for a combustion power plant includes a downcomer standpipe (15) which receives solids of the combustion power plant, a bed (20) including a first end and a second opposite end, the first end connected to the downcomer standpipe, a discharge standpipe (30) disposed at the second opposite end of the bed, and an orifice plate (110) disposed between the bed and the discharge standpipe separating the discharge standpipe from the bed. The orifice plate includes apertures (210,220) disposed at a height above the bed which allow transport of fluidized solids and gas through the orifice plate.

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31-05-2012 дата публикации

A piston member, an apparatus comprising the piston member, and methods and use of the piston member and the apparatus

Номер: AU2010306212A1
Принадлежит:

A piston member (1,1',1'') comprising a piston rod (4) provided with a piston (3,3',3'') serves for reciprocating inside a cylinder barrel (5,6,7,5',6',7',5'',6'',7''), said piston (3,3',3'') divides the cylinder barrel chamber (34a,34a',34a'',34b,34b',34b'') into a proximal cylinder barrel chamber (34a,34a',34a'') having a proximal capped end (35a,35a',35a'') opposite the piston (3,3',3'') and a distal cylinder barrel chamber (34b,34b',34b'') having a distal cylinder barrel end (35b,35b',35b'') opposite the piston (3,3',3''). The piston member comprises at least one sealing ring (8,8',8'') or seat arranged inside the distal cylinder barrel chamber (34b,34b',34b'') at the distal cylinder barrel end (35b,35b',45''). Preferably three consecutive piston members (1,1',1'') are arranged to operate in a series in an apparatus for transporting coal powder to a gasifier. The movement of the pistons inside the cylinder barrels is controlled in relation to each other to transport apportioned batches ...

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18-01-2018 дата публикации

System and method for producing high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder

Номер: AU2016212453B2
Принадлежит: Madderns Patent & Trade Mark Attorneys

A system and method for producing a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder, the method converting industrial-grade vanadium pentoxide into vanadium trichloride oxide via low-temperature fluidizing chlorination. The method comprises: preheating a chlorination gas via heat exchange between a fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, therein combusting part of carbon powder by adding an appropriate amount of air to realize a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thus improving chlorination efficiency and ensuring favorable selectivity of low-temperature chlorination; and distilling and purifying the vanadium trichloride oxide, then performing fluidized gas phase hydrolysis thereon to produce a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide product and a secondary solution of hydrochloric acid, and obtaining a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder product by further reducing using fluidizing hydrogen. The method and system have the advantages of favorable adaptability of starting material, no wastewater ...

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31-08-2017 дата публикации

System and method for producing high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder

Номер: AU2016212453A1
Принадлежит: Madderns Patent & Trade Mark Attorneys

A system and method for producing a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder, the method converting industrial-grade vanadium pentoxide into vanadium trichloride oxide via low-temperature fluidizing chlorination. The method comprises: preheating a chlorination gas via heat exchange between a fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, therein combusting part of carbon powder by adding an appropriate amount of air to realize a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thus improving chlorination efficiency and ensuring favorable selectivity of low-temperature chlorination; and distilling and purifying the vanadium trichloride oxide, then performing fluidized gas phase hydrolysis thereon to produce a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide product and a secondary solution of hydrochloric acid, and obtaining a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder product by further reducing using fluidizing hydrogen. The method and system have the advantages of favorable adaptability of starting material, no wastewater ...

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22-01-2015 дата публикации

Process for preparing ethylene and/or propylene

Номер: AU2013285980A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for preparing ethylene and/or propylene, wherein oxygenates and olefins are converted to ethylene and/or propylene over a zeolite-comprising catalyst, comprising the steps of: a) reacting in a first reactor an oxygenate feed over the zeolite-comprising catalyst at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 1000 °C and retrieving from the first reactor a first reactor effluent stream comprising gaseous products, including ethylene and/or propylene, and zeolite-comprising catalyst; b) reacting in a second reactor an olefin feed over the zeolite-comprising catalyst at a temperature in the range of from 500 to 700 °C and retrieving from the second reactor a second reactor effluent stream comprising gaseous products, including ethylene and/or propylene, and zeolite-comprising catalyst; c) providing the first and second reactor effluent stream to one or more gas/solid separators to retrieve zeolite-comprising catalyst from the first and second reactor effluent ...

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16-05-2019 дата публикации

System and method for producing 3.5-valent highly pure vanadium electrolyte

Номер: AU2017210930B2
Принадлежит: Madderns Pty Ltd

A system and method for producing a 3.5-valent highly pure vanadium electrolyte: use a fluidized bed (2) to hydrolyze highly pure vanadium oxytrichloride to vanadium pentoxide by means of gas-phase hydrolysis, accurately control the reduction of vanadium pentoxide in a reducing fluidized bed (5) to a low-valent vanadium oxide with an average vanadium valence state at 3.5, and under an externally applied microwave field, add water and a sulfuric acid solution to dissolve at a low temperature to obtain a 3.5-valent highly pure vanadium electrolyte, which can be directly used in new piles of vanadium redox flow batteries. The preparation of vanadium pentoxide by means of gas-phase hydrolysis by using the fluidized bed (2) has a short flow and high efficiency. By providing an internal member within the reducing fluidized bed (5), the accurate regulation of the valence state of reduction products may be achieved. The special chemical effect of the microwave field promotes dissolution of vanadium ...

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13-03-1980 дата публикации

GASIFICATION OF SOLID FUEL

Номер: AU0003968678A
Принадлежит:

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01-06-2008 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR LOADING PARTICULATE CATALYTIC MATERIAL AND LOADING METHOD

Номер: CA0002612956A1
Автор: ZAHIROVIC, EMIR
Принадлежит:

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12-12-2002 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR LOADING A PARTICULATE SOLID INTO A VERTICAL TUBE

Номер: CA0002448598A1
Принадлежит:

A process is described in which an elastic fluid is contacted with a particulate solid. This comprises providing a substantially vertical elongate tubular containment zone (1) containing a charge of the particulate solid (5), the volume of the containment zone (1) being greater than the settled volume of the particulate solid (5). An upper retainer means (3) is mounted at the upper end of the containment zone (1), the upper retainer means (3) being permeable to the fluid but adapted to retain particulate solid (5) in the containment zone (1). A follower means (4) is movably mounted in the containment zone (1) beneath the charge of particulate solid (5) for movement upwardly from the lower end of the containment zone (1) upon upward flow of elastic fluid through the containment zone (1) at a rate beyond a threshold rate. In the process the elastic fluid is caused to flow upwardly through the containment zone (1) at a rate which is sufficient to cause particulate solid (5) to rise up towards ...

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15-08-2002 дата публикации

METHOD FOR DOSING CATALYSTS

Номер: CA0002437491A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for dosing catalysts into a reactor, wherein the catalyst is initially suspended in hydrocarbon in a receiving container, the suspension thus obtained is maintained in motion by agitation and fed into the actual reactor via a three-way dosing valve and an ejector. The suspension containing the catalyst is firstly discharged from the receiving container with the aid of a pump and continuously circulated, whereby the suspension is returned to the receiving container via the three-way dosing valve in a closed line system, whereupon the pressure inside the receiving container is adjusted so that it is 0.1 - 30 bars higher than the pressure in the reactor and the suspension is continuously introduced into the reactor by pulsing operation of the by now opened three-way dosing valve by a throughflow measuring device which controls the three-way dosing valve and by a downstream ejector.

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29-09-2009 дата публикации

PROCESS AND FEEDING SYSTEM

Номер: CA0002371208C
Принадлежит: METSO FIBER KARLSTAD AB

Feeding device (1) for feeding burned lime to a reaction vessel for causticizing a soda liquor to caustic soda, which feeding device, in its upper part, comprises an inlet for a slurry of said burned lime and said soda liquor, or inlets (3, 4) for said burned lime and said soda liquor, respectively, for formation of said slurry inside said feeding device, and further comprises a feed vessel (9) of tall and slender shape, which feed vessel in its lower part comprises an outlet (10) for said slurry, which outlet, via one or more pump(s) (24, 25), is operatively connected to said reaction vessel. The invention also relates to a process and a feeding system which utilises said feeding device, in which process the slurry is created of said burned lime and a first part of said soda liquor, a second part being preheated (28) before addition to the slurry, whereafter slaking and causticizing reactions are completed under elevated temperature and pressure.

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11-11-2010 дата публикации

IMPROVED CATALYST/BIOMASS MIXING IN TRANSPORT REACTOR

Номер: CA0002757778A1
Принадлежит:

A reactor is disclosed for fluidized cracking of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor comprises a first mixing zone, where a particulate stream comprising solid particulate biomass is mixed with a lift gas, and becomes fluidized. The reactor comprises a second mixing zone where a beat carrier material is mixed with the fluidized solid particulate biomass material ...

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21-01-2010 дата публикации

MATERIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM TO ONE OR MORE UNITS AND METHODS OF SUCH DELIVERY

Номер: CA0002731074A1
Принадлежит:

Material delivery systems and methods are disclosed. A material delivery system includes a delivery vessel and at least one dispense mechanism outlet. The delivery vessel is configured to deliver material to at least one unit, with the proviso that when the unit is an FCC unit, the unit includes a plurality of units. The at least one dispense mechanism outlet is configured to couple the delivery vessel to the at least one unit. A method includes providing a material to at least one unit. The method includes dispensing material from a delivery vessel, wherein a metering device provides a metric indicative of the dispensed material with respect to at least a unit, and delivering the metered material to at least one unit via at least one dispense mechanism outlet of the delivery vessel coupled to the at least one unit. Another method includes providing a material to a plurality of units.

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28-02-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR MAKING PROTECTED CATALYST BODIES BY MEANS OF A MOLTEN ORGANIC SUBSTANCE

Номер: CA0002763290C

A process for handling an active catalyst includes introducing a mixture of active catalyst particles and a molten organic substance, which is at a temperature Ti, and which sets at a lower temperature T2 so that T2 Подробнее

22-09-1981 дата публикации

GASIFICATION OF SOLID FUEL

Номер: CA1109268A

Solid fuel is acted on by a gasifying medium in a fluidised bed W. The resulting gas enters a cyclone 20 having an outlet for solid particles connected to a gasification chamber 30 in which the particles are gasified by a separate stream of gasifying medium supplied by an injector 25.

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16-11-2017 дата публикации

A PROCESS FOR REACTING OXYGEN CARRYING REGENERATED CATALYST PRIOR TO USE IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Номер: CA0003023627A1
Принадлежит:

A process to react an oxygen containing regenerated catalyst stream prior to use in a fluidized bed reactor comprising providing a regenerated catalyst stream which comprises at least 0.001 wt% oxygen; reacting the regenerated catalyst stream with a fuel source thereby forming oxides and reducing the amount of oxygen in the regenerated catalyst stream to produce a usable regenerated catalyst stream; and injecting the usable regenerated catalyst stream into a hydrocarbon fluidized bed reactor is provided.

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28-02-2019 дата публикации

MOVABLE DEVICE FOR FILLING CATALYTIC REACTOR CHAMBERS

Номер: CA0003072528A1
Принадлежит: MARKS & CLERK

The present invention concerns a movable device (1) for filling one or more chambers with solid particles (5) in the divided state, the device (1) comprising a movable frame (2), metering means (4) for metering the solid particles (5) comprising two or more metering plates (6) comprising one or more perforations (7), the metering plates (6) being arranged on top of one another such that the perforation or perforations (7) of one metering plate (6) is/are in connection with the perforation or perforations (7) of the metering plate (6) situated below and/or above it, so as to form one or more metering columns (8) intended to be placed in connection with said chamber or chambers, means for simultaneously releasing the solid particles (5) from the metering means to said chamber or chambers, a storage tank (14) for storing the solid particles (5), which comprises a bottom pierced with through-holes (16) that are connected with, or can be placed in connection with, the metering column or columns ...

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06-12-2018 дата публикации

REACTOR WITH A CATALYTIC BED

Номер: CA0003061684A1
Принадлежит: OYEN WIGGS GREEN & MUTALA LLP

A catalytic bed for a chemical reactor, said catalytic bed having an annular-cylindrical geometry and comprising at least one collector made with a gas-permeable cylindrical wall, containing at least a first catalyst and a second catalyst, wherein the second catalyst has a finer particle size than the first catalyst, and wherein the first catalyst forms a layer of catalyst adjacent to and in contact with said collector.

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28-12-2003 дата публикации

MEASURING CATALYST(S) FOR FILLING REACTOR TUBES IN REACTOR VESSELS

Номер: CA0002433918A1
Автор: FRY, PAUL
Принадлежит:

A plurality of reactor tubes contained in a reactor vessel are filled with at least one catalyst by automatically measuring the catalyst by weight with equipment located at the site of the reactor vessel, and dispensing the measured catalyst into a plurality of reactor tubes.

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10-01-2012 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LOADING CATALYST

Номер: CA0002534865C
Автор: BRENNOM, STEPHEN
Принадлежит: CAT TECH, INC.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for filling solid particles into a vertical tube by conveying the particles downwardly into the tube along a loading tool that softens the fall of the particles and provides even filling of the tube. The loading tool includes a center member and a plurality of damper members that can be adapted in particular cases to the actual type of particles and the tube diameter. The damper members can be stiff or flexible since they do not occupy a substantial portion of the cross section of the tube at any particular axial location. In operation, the center member can be jerked during the filling operation while simultaneously being lifted up gradually as the tube fills or it can be sequentially lifted. The damper members reduce the falling velocity of the particles and divert the particles from falling in straight downward paths. This avoids bridge formation and breakage of the particles during filling.

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17-01-2011 дата публикации

PROCESS APPARATUS WITH OUTPUT VALVE AND OPERATION THEREOF

Номер: CA0002672659A1
Принадлежит:

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17-05-2011 дата публикации

VACUUM POWERED ADDITION SYSTEM

Номер: CA0002660646C

An addition apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having an addition apparatus, and a method for adding material to an FCC unit are provided. In one embodiment, an addition system for an FCC unit includes a container, a first eductor and a sensor. The eductor is coupled to an outlet of the container. The sensor is configured to detect a metric of material dispensed from the container through the eductor. A valve is provided for controlling the flow through the eductor. A controller provides a control signal for regulating an operational state of the valve. In another embodiment, an FCC system having an addition system is provided. In yet another embodiment, a method for adding material to an FCC unit is provided.

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21-02-2008 дата публикации

VACUUM POWERED ADDITION SYSTEM

Номер: CA0002660646A1
Принадлежит:

An addition apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having an addition apparatus, and a method for adding material to an FCC unit are prov ided. In one embodiment, an addition system for an FCC unit includes a conta iner, a first eductor and a sensor. The eductor is coupled to an outlet of t he container. The sensor is configured to detect a metric of material dispen sed from the container through the eductor. A valve is provided for controll ing the flow through the eductor. A controller provides a control signal for regulating an operational state of the valve. In another embodiment, an FCC system having an addition system is provided. In yet another embodiment, a method for adding material to an FCC unit is provided.

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24-04-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR DENSE CATALYST LOADING IN BAYONET TUBES FOR A STEAM REFORMING REACTOR-EXCHANGER

Номер: CA0002884948A1
Принадлежит:

La présente invention décrit un dispositif et une méthode de chargement dense et homogène de catalyseur dans l'espace annulaire de tubes à baïonnette mis en uvre dans un réacteur de vaporeformage, ledit dispositif faisant appel à des éléments ralentisseurs amovibles.

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31-07-2014 дата публикации

GAS JET INJECTOR REACTOR FOR CATALYTIC FAST PYROLYSIS

Номер: CA0002898743A1
Принадлежит:

Methods and systems utilizing gas jets to carry biomass into a biomass conversion reactor are described. Reactor configurations and conditions for carrying out processes utilizing the gas jets are also described. The use of gas jets has been found to be especially desirable for operation with pyrolysis of biomass in catalytic fluidized bed reactors. A feed system for introducing biomass into a pyrolysis reactor, such as a catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) fluid bed reactor, that employs a jet stream of gas or vapor to inject the biomass particles into the fluid bed is disclosed. The biomass is kept relatively cool, can be metered upstream of a gas jet, and can be injected far into the fluid bed. Good mixing between the relatively cooler biomass with the hot catalyst and other materials in the fluid bed can be insured by adjustment of the number, size, angle, position, and flow rate of the multiple injector ports in larger reactors.

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28-06-2012 дата публикации

Shaped catalyst units

Номер: US20120160368A1
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A catalyst unit suitable for loading into a tube in a reactor includes a plurality of catalyst particles incorporated within a removable solid matrix, said unit in the form of an elongate body in which the particles are packed together such that the volume shrinkage upon removal of the removable matrix is ≦20%. The catalyst particles preferably comprise one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Fe and Co in oxidic or reduced form. The units are particularly suitable for loading catalyst into tubes in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

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30-08-2012 дата публикации

Fluid treatment system with bulk material beds operated in parallel and method for operating such a system

Номер: US20120216873A1
Автор: Horst Grochowski
Принадлежит: Individual

A fluid treatment system having bulk beds. The fluid to be treated essentially streams from the bottom up through a bulk bed, while the bulk material migrates through the bulk beds in countercurrent to the fluid essentially from the top down. This is accomplished by removing partial quantities of bulk material at the lower end of the bulk bed, and delivering partial quantities of the bulk material to the bulk bed at the top. At least one charging wagon provided with optionally sealable bulk material outlets is able to traverse a charging channel between a charging position and several partial bulk bed release positions above the bulk beds. Provided below the bulk material outlets and the bulk material valve of the charging wagon are bulk material through pipes, the bulk material outlet mouths of which end on bulk material cones of an underlying bulk bed.

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04-10-2012 дата публикации

Process to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised reactor

Номер: US20120251408A1
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A system to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised gasification reactor includes a low pressure storage vessel fluidly connected to the inlet of a bulk materials pump, a first part of a transport conduit directly connecting the outlet of the bulk materials pump to an inlet of a diverter valve, a second part of the transport conduit connecting an outlet of the diverter valve to a burner as present in a reactor vessel, wherein said diverter valve is provided with a second outlet connecting a recycle conduit with the low pressure storage vessel and which diverter valve is adjustable to either fluidly connect the bulk materials pump to the burner or alternatively fluidly connect the bulk materials pump to the low pressure storage vessel.

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20-12-2012 дата публикации

Solids processing valve

Номер: US20120319023A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A dome valve selectively dispenses a silicon product from a chamber of a vessel. The dome valve comprises a valve body defining a pass-through channel in communication with the chamber of the vessel to allow the silicon product to exit the vessel. The dome valve also comprising a valve seat defining an opening through which the silicon product enters the pass-through channel. The dome valve further comprising a domed body having a semi-hemispherical configuration. The domed body has a sealing surface. The domed body is rotatable between a closed position and an open position for allowing the selective dispensing of the silicon product from the vessel.

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20-06-2013 дата публикации

Systems and methods for distributing particulate material into a particulate vessel and fcc units including the systems

Номер: US20130156650A1
Автор: Patrick D. Walker
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A system for distributing particulate material into a particulate vessel includes a particulate material distributor for introducing the particulate material into the particulate vessel. The particulate material distributor includes a declined header that defines a plurality of orifices that are spaced along a length of the declined header for accommodating flow of particulate material from the declined header. The system also includes a vessel level controller for controlling a level of the particulate material in the particulate vessel. The vessel level controller controls flow of the particulate material through one or more of the orifices in the declined header through adjustment of the level of particulate material in the particulate vessel between the plurality of orifices in the declined header. A FCC unit including the system is also provided, along with a method for distributing particulate material into a particulate vessel using the system.

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19-12-2013 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for distributing hydrocarbon feed and catalyst

Номер: US20130334101A1
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A process and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking feeds catalyst to a chamber of a riser. The catalyst exits the chamber and passes through a plenum and into a reaction zone through a plurality of tubes which distribute the catalyst uniformly over a cross section of the reaction zone of the riser. A hydrocarbon feed is fed to the plenum. The hydrocarbon feed passes from the plenum into the reaction zone through a plate comprising a multiplicity of openings which distribute the hydrocarbon feed uniformly over a cross section of the reaction zone of the riser. The feed is contacted with the catalyst in a reaction zone of the riser.

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06-02-2014 дата публикации

Catalyst loading system

Номер: US20140034184A1
Принадлежит: Unidense Tech GmbH

A reformer tube processing and filling system is provided for ensuring uniformity of reformer tube flow rates and reactivity. The disclosed invention provides a system for detecting and removing tube obstructions, as well as an automated process for verifying the flow rate for each tube and identifying tubes with abnormal flow rates to remove a source of human error and conserve labor costs. An automated tube filling system provides a calibrated fill mechanism coordinated with a calibrated loading rope withdrawal mechanism to ensure loading consistency. A lack of vibrating parts ensures a low dust count, and what little dust is present is removed via a built-in vacuum outlet in the loader.

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06-03-2014 дата публикации

Internal cyclone for fluidized bed reactor

Номер: US20140065049A1
Принадлежит: Honeywell International Inc

A fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction column having a fluid portion; a gas inflow means for flowing a gas upwardly from the fluid portion of the reaction column; a particle feed means for feeding particles to the fluid portion of the reaction column; a cyclone capable of separating particles from the gas flowing upwardly from the fluid portion of the reaction column, the cyclone being located within the reaction column and being in communication with the gas flowing upwardly, wherein the cyclone comprises a cyclone body having an inlet, a gas outlet, and a particle drop port; and a particle discharge pipe having an upper part connected to the particle drop port of the cyclone body, and a lower part, wherein the particle discharge pipe is located substantially outside of the reaction column.

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

Conversion of Metal Carbonate into Metal Chloride

Номер: US20170001875A1
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A method for producing metal chloride MClx− includes reacting metal carbonate in solid form using phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to form metal chloride MClx−, wherein the metal M is selected from the group containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, for example, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cations. An apparatus for performing such method is also disclosed. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , the method comprising:providing phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as solid with the phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to produce metal chloride MCl,'}wherein the metal M is selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x indicates the valence of the metal cation.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding M as an additional reactant.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of:the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate, orphosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared in situ by reaction of chlorine with carbon monoxide.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subsequently reacting the metal chloride to produce metal M.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising reacting the produced metal M at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 4 , to thereby form a metal circuit.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is performed in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosgene claim 1 , diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon monoxide is produced by a reaction of metal carbonate with the metal M and/or from an electrolysis of carbon dioxide.9. An apparatus for reacting metal carbonate as solid with phosgene claim 7 , diphosgene ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

CARBON NANOSTRUCTURE PREPARATION METHOD, CARBON NANOSTRUCTURE PREPARED BY MEANS OF SAME, AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING SAME

Номер: US20180002178A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for producing carbon nanostructures using a fluidized bed reactor. According to the method, some of the as-produced carbon nanostructures remain uncollected and are used as fluidic materials to improve the fluidity in the reactor. The method enables the production of carbon nanostructures in a continuous process. In addition, the fluidity of the catalyst and the fluidic materials in the reactor is optimized, making the production of carbon nanostructures efficient. 1. A method for producing carbon nanostructures , comprising allowing a catalyst and reactant gases comprising a carbon source to flow in a fluidized bed reactor to synthesize carbon nanostructures wherein some of the carbon nanostructures remain uncollected and are used as fluidic materials in the fluidized bed reactor and wherein the residual rate of the fluidic materials is from 0.4 to 0.7 , as calculated by Equation 1:{'br': None, 'Residual rate of carbon nanostructures=Volume of remaining carbon nanostructures/(Volume of initially remaining carbon nanostructures+Volume of as-produced carbon nanostructures)\u2003\u2003[Equation 1]'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the residual rate of carbon nanostructures is determined from the difference in pressure between the bottom and top of the reactor.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the residual rate y and the conversion x of the carbon source satisfy the relation given by Equation 2:{'br': None, 'i': 'y=px+q', '[Equation 2]'}where p is a constant from 0.4 to 0.7 and q is a constant from 15 to 30.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the catalyst supplied to the reactor satisfies the relation given by Equation 3:{'br': None, 'i': b', 'a+b, 'Catalyst supply rate=/()≦0.1\u2003\u2003[Equation 3]'}where a is the weight (g) of the carbon nanostructures remaining in the fluidized bed reactor and b is the weight (g) of the catalyst supplied.5. The method according to claim 1 , ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFIN MONOMERS IN A REACTOR

Номер: US20170002113A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a system for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers comprising a reactor, a compressor, a cooling unit and an external pipe, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream, wherein the system comprises apparatus, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator, wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst, wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet, wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed. 18400511. A system for the continuous polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene , the system comprising a reactor () , a compressor () , a cooling unit () and an external pipe () for the production of a prepolymer and/or polymer ,{'b': '40', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream (),'}wherein the system comprises apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream into a bottom recycle stream,{'b': '10', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream (),'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the first inlet for receiving the bottom recycle stream is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}{'b': '1', 'wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator () for separation of the bottom recycle stream into a gas/liquid phase and a liquid phase,'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the integral separator is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet for a liquid phase,wherein the first outlet for the ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

Methods for Supplying Solid Catalysts to a Solution Polymerization Reactor

Номер: US20200002451A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMALLY MODIFIED STARCH

Номер: US20190002593A1
Автор: Vezzani Massimo
Принадлежит: Ambiente E Nutrizione S.R.L.

Process for the production of thermally modified starch comprising the steps of mixing starch in powder form having a specific moisture content with an alkaline water solution to obtain a wet powder; feeding a continuous flow of said wet powder into a continuous dryer together with a continuous flow of hot air; discharging a continuous flow of dried powder from said continuous drier; supplying said continuous flow of said dried powder into a turbo-reactor, in which the inner wall of said turbo-reactor is maintained at a specific temperature; converting said dried powder into a thermally inhibited starch; and discharging said thermally inhibited starch from said turbo-reactor; it is also disclosed a thermally inhibited starch obtained from the aforementioned process with enhanced physical chemical properties. 1. A process for continuous modification of starch , comprising the steps of:a) mixing starch in powder form having a moisture content between 9% and 25% with an alkaline water solution to obtain a wet powder;b) feeding a continuous flow of said wet powder into a continuous dryer together with a continuous flow of hot air, said flow of hot air having a temperature between 100° C. and 160° C.;c) discharging a continuous flow of dried powder from said continuous drier, said dried powder having a moisture content between 2% and 4%;d) providing a turbo-reactor comprising a cylindrical tubular body having at least one inlet opening for the introduction of said continuous flow of dried powder and at least one discharge opening, a heating jacket for bringing the temperature of said tubular body to a predetermined temperature and a rotor, disposed in the cylindrical tubular body and comprising a shaft provided with elements projecting radially from it;e) supplying said continuous flow of said dried powder into said turbo-reactor, in which the inner wall of said turbo-reactor is maintained at a temperature between 150° C. and 250° C. by means of said heating jacket and ...

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

Fluidized Bed Reactor Adapted For The Production Of Biphased Systems

Номер: US20190003045A1
Принадлежит:

A fluidized bed reactor designed for in situ gas phase impregnation. The reactor comprises a tube with an upstream zone and a downstream zone, the upstream zone and the downstream zone being separated by a separation filter. A method for a controlled-deposition of a sublimated precursor onto a fluidized solid support. The method is remarkable in that it is carried out in situ within the tube of the fluidized bed reactor in accordance with the fluidized bed reactor. 120-. (canceled)21. A fluidized bed reactor , said fluidized bed reactor comprising:a gas inlet and a gas outlet being located downstream from the gas inlet;a tube inserted between the gas inlet and the gas outlet; anda heating part connected to the tube,wherein the tube comprises an upstream zone and a downstream zone, the upstream zone and the downstream zone being separated by a separation filter.22. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the tube is made of material which is resistant to temperature of at least up to 1000° C. and is transparent.23. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the tube is made of quartz.24. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the upstream zone is delimited by the separation filter and by a first porous filter claim 21 , and the downstream zone is delimited by the separation filter and by a second porous filter.25. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 24 , wherein the tube is inserted between the gas inlet and the gas outlet with respectively a first seal and a second seal.26. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the first porous filter is adjacent to the first seal and the second porous filter is adjacent to the second seal.27. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the heating part is at least one of a heating cable claim 21 , a heating jacket and a thermal activation source.28. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein at least one vibrator is ...

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14-01-2021 дата публикации

CATALYTIC CRACKING SYSTEM WITH BIO-OIL PROCESSING

Номер: US20210008517A1
Принадлежит:

A catalytic cracking system in which liquid hydrocarbon and bio-oil are directed into a reactor riser of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by separate feed spray nozzle assemblies. To protect liquid bio-oil directed through the liquid bio-oil feed nozzle assembly from high temperature degradation, an insulating layer is provided between a central bio-oil feed tube in a concentrically surrounding atomizing gas passageway. Cooling channels also may be provided in the spray tip of the bio-oil feed nozzle assembly. 1. A catalytic cracking system comprising:a catalytic cracking reactor;a riser communicating upwardly to said catalytic cracking reactor;a supply of a liquid hydrocarbon;a first feed spray nozzle assembly mounted in and extending through a wall of said riser and having a spray tip at a downstream end, said first feed spray nozzle assembly having an upstream end coupled to a supply of liquid hydrocarbon and a supply of atomizing gas such that liquid hydrocarbon directed through said first feed spray nozzle assembly is atomized by the atomizing gas and discharged from said spray tip into riser as a finely atomized liquid hydrocarbon spray;a second feed spray nozzle assembly comprising an elongated nozzle body mounted in and extending through the wall of said catalytic cracking riser and having a spray tip at a downstream end;a bio-oil feed tube supported within the elongated nozzle body having an upstream end connected to a supply of a liquid bio-oil for directing liquid bio-oil through bio-oil feed tube to said spray tip;said elongated nozzle body defining an annular atomizing gas passage in surrounding relation to said bio-oil feed tube; said annular atomizing gas passage being connected to a supply of atomizing gas for direction through said annular atomizing gas passage for atomizing liquid bio-oil discharging from the liquid feed tube and spray tip into a fine particle liquid bio-oil spray; andan annular insulating layer between said bio-oil feed tube and ...

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10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20190009238A1
Автор: LAINE Scott
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide. 2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor disposed within the reaction vessel.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor measures temperature claim 2 , pH claim 2 , or salt concentration.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system comprises a control unit configured to maintain a first temperature within the reaction vessel before addition of a catalyst.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured to modulate a rate of addition of the catalyst into the reaction vessel to maintain a second temperature that is different from the first temperature inside the reaction vessel.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured with a pre-programmed protocol for controlling the conversion of graphite into graphene oxide.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system modulates a rate of addition of one or more reactants into the reaction vessel to maintain a reaction temperature no greater than 15° C.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises one or more cooling coils for reducing a reaction temperature inside the reaction vessel.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the system is configured to dispense chilled water into the tank to lower the temperature of the graphene oxide.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel and the tank are in fluid communication claim 1 , and the reaction vessel is positioned at a higher position relative to the tank to enable transfer of the graphene oxide from the reaction ...

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11-01-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-PURITY VANADIUM TETRAOXIDE POWDER

Номер: US20180009674A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a system and method for producing high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is purified by rectification, and then subjected to fluidized gas phase hydrolyzation, thereby producing a high-purity vanadium pentoxide product and a by-product solution of hydrochloric acid, and further obtaining a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder product through fluidized hydrogen reduction. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to raw material, no discharge of contaminated wastewater, low energy consumption, etc. 1. A system for producing high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder ,comprising a feeding device, a low temperature chlorination fluidized bed, a rectification and purification device, a gas phase hydrolyzation fluidized bed, a high-purity vanadium pentoxide feeding device, a reduction fluidized bed, a tail gas washing absorber, an induced draft fan and a chimney;wherein the feeding device comprises an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide hopper, an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide screw feeder, a carbon powder hopper and a carbon powder screw feeder;the low temperature chlorination fluidized bed comprises a chlorination bed feeder, a chlorination fluidized bed body, a chlorination bed cyclone separator, a flue gas heat exchanger, a flue gas condenser, a chlorination bed acid-seal tank and a chlorination bed spiral slag-discharging device;the rectification and purification device comprises a distilling still, ...

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03-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REACTING FEED WITH A FLUIDIZED CATALYST OVER A TEMPERATURE PROFILE

Номер: US20220032250A1
Принадлежит:

A fluidized catalytic reactor utilizes an ascending temperature profile. The apparatus and process deliver cooler spent catalyst to a first catalyst distributor and a hotter regenerated catalyst to a second catalyst distributor that are spaced apart from each other. The reactant stream first encounters the first stream of catalyst and then encounters the second stream of catalyst. The process and apparatus stage the addition of hot catalyst to the reactant stream. The process and apparatus may be particularly advantageous in an endothermic reaction because the hotter catalyst will encounter reactants that have cooled due to the progression of endothermic reactions. 1. A reactor for contacting a reactant stream with a catalyst comprising:a reactant distributor for distributing the reactant stream to the reactor;a first catalyst inlet for feeding a first stream of catalyst to the reactor;a second catalyst inlet for feeding a second stream of catalyst to the reactor, the first catalyst inlet being closer to the reactant distributor than the second catalyst inlet;a product outlet for discharging product from the reactor, the second catalyst distributor being closer to the reactant distributor than the product outlet.2. The reactor of further comprising a regenerated catalyst pipe connected to said second catalyst inlet claim 1 , the regenerated catalyst pipe having an inlet connected to a catalyst regenerator.3. The reactor of further comprising a reaction chamber containing said first catalyst inlet and said second catalyst inlet and a separation chamber comprising a primary catalyst separator for separating catalyst from product gases claim 1 , said primary catalyst separator being located closer to the second catalyst inlet than the product outlet.4. The reactor of further comprising a recycle catalyst pipe connected to said first catalyst inlet claim 3 , the recycle catalyst pipe having an inlet in the separation chamber.5. The reactor of further comprising a ...

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19-01-2017 дата публикации

SYNGAS PRODUCTION VIA CYCLIC REDUCTION AND OXIDATION OF METAL OXIDES

Номер: US20170015554A1
Принадлежит:

A chemical-looping system utilizes oxygen-carrier particles to produce syngas from carbonaceous fuels. The system provides a circuitous flow path for the oxygen-carrier particles, which are used to partially oxidize the fuel to produce syngas. The circuitous flow path can proceed through a plurality of unit operations, including a reducer, a conversion reactor, an oxidizer, and a combustor. The conversion reactor is designed to partially oxidize carbonaceous fuel in co-current flow with the oxygen-carrier particles to produce syngas. In embodiments including an oxidizer, the oxidizer is designed to at partially re-oxidize the carrier particles, yielding hydrogen that can be mixed with partially oxidized products from the conversion reactor to adjust syngas quality. The combustor can be used to fully oxidize the carrier particles traveling in a closed loop. Reactions carried out in the combustor are highly exothermic and yield thermal energy that is absorbed by the carrier particles. The absorbed energy is used at other parts of the process, including the conversion reactor, to drive endothermic reactions. In this manner the system can be operated autothermally or nearly so. Methods of producing syngas are also disclosed. 1. A system comprising:a circuitous flow pathway for oxygen-carrier particles, said pathway proceeding through a plurality of unit operations comprising a reducer, a conversion reactor, and a combustor;said reducer configured to at least partially reduce said oxygen-carrier particles;said conversion reactor configured to react said oxygen-carrier particles with a carbonaceous fuel via co-current flow to yield incomplete-oxidation products comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen; andsaid combustor configured to receive said oxygen-carrier particles in a partially or fully reduced state and to fully re-oxidize said oxygen-carrier particles.2. The system of claim 1 , said plurality of unit operations further comprising an oxidizer configured to receive ...

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CARBONACEOUS FUELS

Номер: US20160016137A1
Автор: Fan Liang-Shih, Wang Dawei
Принадлежит:

A system for converting carbonaceous fuels is provided. The system includes a gaseous fuel conversion reactor, a solid fuel conversion reactor, and a fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor disposed between the gaseous fuel conversion reactor and the solid fuel conversion reactor. The fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor devolatilizes a solid fuel using heat to produce an off-gas and a devolatilized solid fuel. The gaseous fuel conversion reactor converts the off-gas from the fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor to a product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and water. The solid fuel conversion reactor receives a mixture of oxygen carrier solids and devolatilized solid fuel from the pretreatment reactor discharge and reduces the devolatilized solid fuel with the oxygen carrier solids to convert the devolatilized solid fuel to an intermediate gas.

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

REACTORS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR FORMING SOLID PRODUCTS

Номер: US20160016800A1
Автор: Noyes Dallas B.
Принадлежит: Seerstone LLC

A reactor includes a vessel, a gas inlet, a solid outlet, a catalyst support configured to at least partially retain a catalyst material and allow a tail gas to pass therethrough, and a tail gas outlet. The gas inlet is in fluid communication with the solid outlet. A system for producing a solid product includes a reactor, a compressor, a heater, a make-up reactive gas inlet, and a solids discharge means for removing the solid product from the solid outlet of the reactor. Methods of forming solid products include providing a catalyst material in a vessel having a porous catalyst support, delivering a reactive gas to the vessel, reacting the reactive gas to form a solid product and a tail gas in the vessel, passing the tail gas through a portion of the catalyst material to separate the solid product from the tail gas, and removing the solid product.

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17-01-2019 дата публикации

Catalyst Transfer Pipe Plug Detection

Номер: US20190015806A1
Принадлежит:

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for detecting catalyst transfer pipe plugging in a chemical plant or petrochemical plant or refinery. The catalyst transfer pipe may extend from a reactor to a catalyst collector and enable the flow of catalyst from the reactor to the catalyst collector. Specifically, one or more sensors affixed to a catalyst transfer pipe may collect sensor data for analysis. Based on one or more detected changes in the sensor data outside a range, a data collection platform may send one or more alerts and/or send one or more signals to a control platform to adjust a flow rate, a pressure differential, or perform another action to clear a developing catalyst buildup and thereby attempt to avoid a catalyst transfer pipe from becoming plugged. 1. A system for detecting catalyst-transfer-pipe plugging , the system comprising:a reactor configured for a dehydrogenation process, wherein the reactor is configured for use with a solid catalyst;a catalyst collector comprising a valve, the catalyst collector configured to collect the solid catalyst;a catalyst transfer pipe extending from the reactor to the catalyst collector, the catalyst transfer pipe configured to enable flow of the solid catalyst from the reactor to the catalyst collector;one or more sensors affixed to an outside of the catalyst transfer pipe; and one or more processors; and', receive sensor data collected by the one or more sensors affixed to the catalyst transfer pipe;', 'analyze the sensor data to determine a flow rate through the catalyst transfer pipe; and', 'based on analyzing the sensor data to determine the flow rate through the catalyst transfer pipe, transmit a command to adjust the flow rate through the catalyst transfer pipe by adjusting the valve of the catalyst collector., 'non-transitory computer-readable memory storing executable instructions that, when executed, cause the computing device to], 'a computing device comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

POWDER STIRRING DEVICE

Номер: US20160023177A1
Автор: Tanaka Noriyuki
Принадлежит: TOYO TANSO CO., LTD.

A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged. 1. (canceled)2. A powder processing apparatus that processes powder using a processing gas , comprising:a powder transport path that has a strip-shaped transporter that extends spirally in a vertical direction and on which the powder moves;a powder supplier for supplying the powder to the powder transport path;a vibration applier that vibrates the powder transport path to move the powder supplied to the powder transport path along the strip-shaped transporter;a processing container in which the powder supplied to the powder transport path is processed by the processing gas while moving;a powder recoverer that recovers the processed powder; andat least one height limitation member that limits a height of the powder moving on the strip-shaped transporter.3. The powder processing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the height limitation member has a lower end that is opposite to the strip-shaped transporter claim 2 , and is arranged such that a clearance is formed between the lower end and the strip-shaped transporter.4. The powder processing apparatus ...

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING FEED MATERIAL TO A PRESSURIZED SYSTEM

Номер: US20180022556A1
Принадлежит:

Methods and systems for transferring feed materials between zones having substantially different pressures, where the transfer can be continuous or semi-continuous. The methods and systems include a plurality of lock hoppers to receive feed material from a low pressure zone and pressurize it with fluid to a pressure of a high pressure zone. The pressurized material can be discharged to a circulation loop, which carries the pressurized material to one or more receiving unit(s) of a pressurized system. At least some feed material remains in the receiving unit(s) and at least a portion of the fluid exits to become part of the circulation loop. After discharge, the lock hoppers can be depressurized so the next pressurization cycle can begin with additional feed material. The lock hoppers can be operated in a time-staggered manner to provide continuous or semi-continuous transfer of material. 1. A method for transferring material from a low pressure zone to a high pressure zone comprising:(a) providing feed material to a first lock hopper;(b) closing a valve coupled to an inlet of said first lock hopper;(c) after step (b), providing fluid to said first lock hopper to pressurize the first lock hopper;(d) after the first lock hopper is pressurized, opening a valve coupled to an outlet of said first lock hopper;(e) releasing pressurized content comprising fluid and feed material from the first lock hopper to a circulation loop via said outlet, which is in fluid communication with said circulation loop;(f) providing feed material to a second lock hopper;(g) closing a valve coupled to an inlet of said second lock hopper;(h) after step (g), providing fluid to said second lock hopper to pressurize the second lock hopper;(i) opening a valve coupled to an outlet of said second lock hopper;(j) releasing pressurized content comprising fluid and feed material from the second lock hopper to the circulation loop via said outlet, which is in fluid communication with said circulation ...

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

System and Method for Preparing High-Purity Vanadium Pentoxide Powder

Номер: US20180022616A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a system and method for preparing high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is subjected to purification by rectification, ammonium salt precipitation and fluidized calcination, thereby obtaining high-purity vanadium pentoxide, wherein the ammonia gas produced during calcination is condensed and then recycled for ammonium salt precipitation. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to raw material, less pollution, low energy consumption in production, low operation cost, stable product quality, etc. 1. A system for preparing high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder , comprising a feeding device , a low temperature chlorination fluidized bed , a rectification and purification device , an ammonium salt precipitation device , an ammonium salt feeding device , a calcination fluidized bed , a tail gas washing absorber , an induced draft fan and a chimney;wherein the feeding device comprises an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide hopper, an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide screw feeder, a carbon powder hopper and a carbon powder screw feeder;the low temperature chlorination fluidized bed comprises a chlorination bed feeder, a chlorination fluidized bed body, a chlorination bed cyclone separator, a flue gas heat exchanger, a flue gas condenser, a chlorination bed acid-seal tank and a chlorination bed spiral slag-discharging device;the rectification and purification device comprises a distilling still, a rectifying ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

SYNCHRONOUS SINGLE- AND DOUBLE-ACTING PISTON FEEDER SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20160030903A1
Принадлежит:

A mechanism applies necessary forces for the creation of one or more plugs of compressible material to be supplied to a reactor. The plugs are capable of forming a seal between inlets for the plugs and the reactor. The mechanism includes two double-acting hydraulic piston cylinder assemblies coupled with two single-acting hydraulic piston cylinder assemblies. 1. A feeder apparatus for advancing a compressible material , comprising:{'b': 1004', '24', '40', '40', '10', '10', '10', '10', '42', '42, 'i': a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'b, 'a double-acting first piston cylinder assembly () including a first hydraulic cylinder () having first and second first piston rams (, ) arranged to travel in opposite directions within respective first and second first cylinders (, ), each first cylinder (, ) having a feedstock inlet (, );'}{'b': 1006', '1006', '48', '48', '64', '64', '12', '12', '12', '12', '72', '72', '10', '10', '10', '10', '40', '40', '12', '12, 'i': a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b, 'first and second single-acting second piston cylinder assemblies (, ), each including a second hydraulic cylinder (, ) having a corresponding second piston ram (, ) arranged to travel in respective first and second second cylinders (, ), each second cylinder (, ) having a second pipe branch opening (, ) coupled to a respective one of the first and second first cylinders (, ), such that feedstock transferred through a first cylinder (& ) by the advancing motion of a corresponding first piston ram (& ) is then transferred into a corresponding second cylinder (& ); and'}{'b': 1008', '74', '90', '90', '14', '14', '14', '14', '98', '98', '12', '12, 'i': a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b, 'a double-acting third piston cylinder assembly () including a third hydraulic cylinder () having first and second third piston rams (. ) arranged to travel in opposite directions within respective first and second third cylinders ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

DISTRIBUTING SECONDARY SOLIDS IN PACKED MOVING BED REACTORS

Номер: US20160030904A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for distribution and treatment of secondary solids in packed moving bed reactors is provided. The system includes a packed moving bed reactor and a regeneration reactor downstream of the packed moving bed reactor. The packed moving bed reactor having a primary solid introduction section configured to receive a primary solid material, a primary solid constriction section downstream of the primary solid introduction section, a secondary solid inlet, and a mixing section for primary solid material and secondary solid material downstream of the primary solid constriction section. The primary solid constriction section has a recessed zone, wherein the secondary solid inlet is configured to deliver secondary solid material into the packed moving bed reactor at the recessed zone. The regeneration reactor is operable to regenerate the primary solid material reduced in the packed moving bed reactor. 1. A system comprising a packed moving bed reactor and a regeneration reactor downstream of the packed moving bed reactor , a primary solid introduction section configured to receive a primary solid material operable to be reduced in the packed moving bed reactor,', 'a primary solid constriction section downstream of the primary solid introduction section, the primary solid constriction section having an outer wall,', 'a secondary solid inlet, and', 'a mixing section for the primary solid material and secondary solid material downstream of the primary solid constriction section, the mixing section having an inner wall; wherein, 'the packed moving bed reactor comprises'}the primary solid constriction section projects into the mixing section and forms a recessed zone defined by a volume between the outer wall of the primary solid constriction section and the inner wall of the mixing section, wherein the recessed zone has a cross-sectional area equal to about 25% to about 75% of a cross-sectional area of the mixing section immediately downstream of the recessed ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

FCC UNITS, SEPARATION APPARATUSES, AND METHODS FOR SEPARATING REGENERATED CATALYST

Номер: US20160030906A1
Принадлежит:

Apparatuses and methods for separating regenerated catalyst are provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus for separating regenerated catalyst includes a regeneration vessel including a catalyst bed section. The apparatus includes a catalyst settler physically separated from the catalyst bed section by a wall extending within the regeneration vessel. The catalyst overflowing the catalyst bed section flows over the wall and enters the catalyst settler. The apparatus further includes a pipe in fluid communication with the catalyst settler and configured to deliver regenerated catalyst from the regeneration vessel to another vessel. 1. An apparatus for separating regenerated catalyst , the apparatus comprising:a regeneration vessel comprising a catalyst bed section;a catalyst settler physically separated from the catalyst bed section by a wall extending within the regeneration vessel, wherein the catalyst overflowing the catalyst bed section flows over the wall and enters the catalyst settler; anda pipe in fluid communication with the catalyst settler and configured to deliver regenerated catalyst from the regeneration vessel to another vessel.2. The apparatus of wherein the catalyst settler is located in the regeneration vessel.3. The apparatus of wherein the catalyst settler is bounded by the regeneration vessel.4. The apparatus of further comprising a catalyst settler baffle within the catalyst settler.5. The apparatus of further comprising packing within the catalyst settler.6. The apparatus of further comprising an injection port in the catalyst settler configured to inject a gas into the catalyst settler and into contact with the regenerated catalyst to separate entrained gas therefrom.7. The apparatus of further comprising a nitrogen or steam source in fluid communication with the injection port claim 6 , wherein the injection port is configured to inject nitrogen or steam into the catalyst settler and into contact with the regenerated catalyst to separate ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

Random ring packing for biomass digester

Номер: US20160031774A1
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A method comprises introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a digester comprising a reactor, gas feed line, biomass feed system, fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, a pump, and an injector, a screen positioned within the reactor and defining a lower zone therebelow, and a bed of reactor packing material resting on the screen and defining thereby a packed zone; providing a liquid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the digester, the catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; circulating the liquid phase digestion medium through the fluid circulation system; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen through the cellulosic biomass solids; and maintaining the cellulosic biomass solids and slurry catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause digestion of cellulosic biomass solids into an alcoholic component.

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31-01-2019 дата публикации

Device for Filling a Tube with Particulate Filling Material

Номер: US20190030505A1
Автор: Cota Aldo
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a device for gently and uniformly filling a tube, in particular a tubular reactor, with particulate filling material, in particular catalyst particles; wherein the device comprises specially designed fall arrester elements and also comprises means which reduce the wear of the fall arrester elements; and method for filling a tube using these articles. 1. A device for filling a tube with particulate filling material , comprising at least one fall arrester element that is fastened to a carrier and is introducible together with the carrier into the tube to be filled; wherein the at least one fall arrester element carries a net structure that is permeable to the filling-material particles , wherein the net structure comprises a multiplicity of elastic net elements and the filling-material deflector is arranged above the net structure; and wherein the net structure comprises a central body which carries the net elements;characterized in that,above the at least one fall arrester element, a filling-material deflector radially enclosing the carrier is arranged, the outside diameter of said filling-material deflector being less than the inside diameter of the tube to be filled, wherein the filling-material deflector is formed as an umbrella-like, substantially radially symmetric structure with a lateral surface that drops substantially uniformly toward the outside, and protects the central region of the at least one fall arrester element from being struck directly by filling-material particles during a filling operation, wherein the central region comprises the body and the inner portion of the net elements, via which the latter are fastened to the body.2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the central region has 90 to 10% of the radial diameter (d) of the fall arrester element.3. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the central region has 40 to 20% of the radial diameter (d) of the fall arrester element.4. The device as claimed ...

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31-01-2019 дата публикации

TAPERED FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR ITS USE

Номер: US20190030506A1
Принадлежит:

A fluidized bed reactor includes a gas distributor, a tapered section above the gas distributor, and an expanded head above the tapered section. The gas distributor defines a plurality of inlets surrounding a product withdrawal tube, which extends away from the fluidized bed reactor. The fluidized bed reactor is useful in a process for fluidizing relatively large particles, such as Geldart Group B particles and/or Geldart Group D particles, where said particles are in a bubbling fluidized bed residing, in whole or in part, in the tapered section. The fluidized bed reactor and process may be used for manufacturing polycrystalline silicon. 1. A process for preparing polycrystalline silicon in a fluidized bed reactor , where the process comprises:feeding gases comprising hydrogen and a silicon bearing source gas comprising a silicon monomer into a bubbling fluidized bed containing silicon particles, where at least a portion of the bubbling fluidized bed resides in a tapered section of the fluidized bed reactor, where the tapered section expands upward and outward at a cone angle from vertical;feeding silicon particles into the fluidized bed reactor above the tapered section;heating the fluidized bed reactor, thereby causing thermal decomposition of the silicon monomer to produce polycrystalline silicon on surfaces of the silicon particles, thereby producing larger diameter particles; andremoving the larger diameter particles from the fluidized bed reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , where the cone angle ranges from 2.5° to 10.0°.3. The process of claim 1 , where the silicon bearing source gas comprises HSiCland optionally SiCl.4. The process of claim 1 , where the silicon bearing source gas comprises HSiBrand optionally SiBr.5. The process of claim 1 , where the silicon bearing source gas comprises SiH.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein i. a product withdrawal tube is mounted to the gas distributor,', 'ii. the gas distributor defines a plurality of feed inlets, and', ...

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

Conversion of polymer containing materials to petroleum products

Номер: US20160040073A1
Принадлежит: Pk Clean Technologies Inc

Systems and methods achieve the conversion of polymer containing material into petroleum products such as hydrocarbon gas, wax, crude oil and diesel. The reactor and its system are designed to subject the polymer containing material to pyrolysis in a way that results in a higher petroleum product yield than conventional existing systems. The system has controls which allow for the heating temperature, rotation of the body, and throughput rate, to be adjusted depending on the reaction time required for the material inside the reactor. The condensing system is able to separate the products into the desired petroleum products by percentage output ranging from wax to crude-like oil to diesel-quality oil.

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09-02-2017 дата публикации

BIOMASS DIGESTER WITH TWO LIQUID PHASES AND DRAFT TUBE CIRCULATION

Номер: US20170037072A1
Принадлежит:

A method comprises introducing biomass solids to a digester comprising a reactor, a circulation system including a first injector; providing a catalyst-containing digestion medium and an organic solvent layer floating thereon; circulating the medium through the circulation system; flowing gas through the medium; keeping the medium hot enough to digest the solids; and operating the digester such a headspace exists above the solvent. The digester includes a first eductor having an inlet in the headspace, a second eductor having an inlet in the organic layer, and a downdraft tube having an inlet in the digestion medium. A motive fluid flowing from the first injector draws gas from the headspace into the first eductor, a motive fluid flowing from the first eductor draws fluid from the organic layer into the second eductor, and a motive fluid flowing from the second eductor draws fluid from the digestion medium into the downdraft tube. 1. A method comprising: i) a reactor;', 'ii) a gas feed line for providing gas to the reactor;', 'iii) a biomass feed system for feeding biomass into the reactor;', 'iv) a fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, a pump, and at least one fluid injector, wherein at least said fluid inlet and said fluid injector are in fluid communication with said pump and are within said reactor; and', 'v) a screen positioned within the reactor and defining a lower zone therebelow;, 'a) introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a hydrothermal digestion unit comprisingb) providing a liquid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen;c) providing a layer of organic solvent in the hydrothermal digestion unit, said organic solvent being less dense than and substantially immiscible with said digestion medium, whereby said organic solvent forms an organic layer floating on said digestion medium;d) circulating said liquid phase digestion medium ...

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24-02-2022 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED COOLER WITH REGIONAL COORDINATION ENHANCEMENT

Номер: US20220055004A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure discloses a fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement, comprising a shell, a catalyst inlet, an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region, a dilute phase region, a dense phase region and a gas distributor influence region; a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet, and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet; the dense phase region is provided with a plurality of dense phase baffle plates, and the dilute phase region is provided with a plurality of dilute phase baffle plates; and the gas distributor influence region is provided with double gas distributors. The fluidized bed cooler simultaneously well solves the low internal stability and the low heat exchange efficiency of the fluidized bed cooler, thereby realizing the stable and efficient operation of the fluidized bed cooler. 1. A fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement , comprising a shell which is cylindrical and vertically provided , wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are vertically distributed in the shell , a catalyst inlet is provided at an upper portion of the shell , a catalyst outlet is provided at a bottom portion of the shell , and an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region , a dilute phase region at the upper portion , a dense phase region at the lower portion and a gas distributor influence region at the bottom portion , and wherein the dilute phase region and the dense phase region are located above and below the catalyst inlet influence region , respectively , wherein a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet , and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet positioned in the catalyst inlet inclined tube;wherein the regional particle distributor comprises a local gas distribution plate, a local gas pre-distributor, a left splitter partition ...

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18-02-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING CATALYST FROM OVERHEATING

Номер: US20160046540A1
Принадлежит:

A system for preventing a catalyst from overheating is provided. The system includes: a first reactor filled with a catalyst at least in part and configured to receive reaction gas and produce product gas; and a second reactor configured to cool a catalyst discharged from the first reactor. The catalyst is circulated between the first reactor and the second reactor by injecting the catalyst cooled in the second reactor into the first rector. 1. A system for preventing a catalyst from overheating , the system comprising:a first reactor filled with a catalyst at least in part and configured to receive reaction gas and produce product gas; anda second reactor configured to cool a catalyst discharged from the first reactor,wherein the catalyst is circulated between the first reactor and the second reactor by injecting the catalyst cooled in the second reactor into the first rector.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a catalyst of a particle shape having a diameter ranging from 1 to 9 claim 1 ,000 micrometers.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a path of a first cooling fluid passing through the first reactor claim 1 , andwherein the catalyst in the first reactor is cooled by the first cooling fluid.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first reactor is a fluidized bed reactor and the product gas is produced in a state in which the catalyst in the first reactor is fluidized.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second reactor is filled with the catalyst discharged from the first reactor at least in part claim 1 , andwherein the system further comprises a path of a second cooling fluid passing through the second reactor.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a path to allow the reaction gas to pass through the second reactor claim 1 , andwherein the reaction gas passing through the path of the reaction gas is pre-heated and supplied to the first reactor.7. A method for preventing a catalyst from overheating claim 1 , the method comprising ...

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18-02-2021 дата публикации

High severity fluidized catalytic cracking systems and processes for producing olefins from petroleum feeds

Номер: US20210047573A1
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

Systems and processes are disclosed for producing petrochemical products, such as ethylene, propene and other olefins from crude oil in high severity fluid catalytic cracking (HSFCC) units. Processes include separating a crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, cracking the light fraction and heavy fraction in separation cracking reaction zones, and regenerating the cracking catalysts in a two-zone regenerator having a first regeneration zone for the first catalyst (heavy fraction) and a second regeneration zone for the second catalyst (light fraction) separate from the first regeneration zone. Flue gas from the first catalyst regeneration zone is passed to the second regeneration zone to provide additional heat to raise the temperature of the second catalyst of the light fraction side. The disclosed systems and processes enable different catalysts and operating conditions to be utilized for the light fraction and the heavy fraction of a crude oil feed.

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15-02-2018 дата публикации

Methods for Supplying Solid Catalysts to a Solution Polymerization Reactor

Номер: US20180044453A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor. 1. A process comprising:passing a homogeneous single-site catalyst to a solution polymerization reactor in the form of a suspension in an aliphatic hydrocarbon, oil, or wax;contacting the catalyst with one or more α-olefin monomers; andrecovering a polyolefin;wherein the concentration of the homogeneous single-site catalyst is greater than 0.8 mmole/liter if suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and greater than 0.2 mmole/liter if suspended in an oil or a wax.2. A polymerization process comprising:passing a homogeneous single-site catalyst into a catalyst feed line of a solution phase polymerization reactor wherein the catalyst is suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or an oil or a wax; andcontacting the homogeneous single-site catalyst and one or more α-olefin monomers;recovering a polyolefin;wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst in the catalyst feed line is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and greater than 0.2 mmole/liter when suspended in the oil or wax.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein a carrier solvent or gas is passed into the catalyst feed line.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing an activator into the reactor claim 1 , wherein the activator is also suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent claim 1 , or an ...

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07-02-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARING VANADIUM BATTERY HIGH-PURITY ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20190044171A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for preparing a vanadium battery high-purity electrolyte, comprising preparing a low-valence vanadium oxide with a valence of 3.5 with liquid phase hydrolysis and fluidization reduction with vanadium oxytrichioride, adding clean water and sulfuric acid for dissolution, and further performing ultraviolet activation to obtain the vanadium electrolyte, for use in an all-vanadium redox flow battery stack. The high-temperature tail gas in the reduction fluidized bed is combusted for preheating the vanadium powder material, to recover the sensible heat and latent heat of the high-temperature tail gas, and the sensible heat of the reduction product is recovered through heat transfer between the reduction product and the fluidized nitrogen gas. An internal member is arranged in the reduction fluidized bed to realize the precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product, and ultraviolet is used to activate the vanadium ions, improving the activity of the electrolyte. 14. A system for preparing a vanadium battery high-purity electrolyte , comprising a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , a liquid phase hydrolysis device , a vanadium pentoxide feeding device , a preheating system () , a reduction fluidized bed , a combustion chamber , a cooling system , a secondary cooling system , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , a dissolution reactor and an activation device;wherein the liquid phase hydrolysis device comprises a liquid phase hydrolysis reaction tank and a washing filter;the vanadium pentoxide feeding device comprises a vanadium pentoxide hopper and a vanadium pentoxide screw feeder;the preheating system comprises a venturi preheater, a primary cyclone preheater, a secondary cyclone preheater and a bag-type dust collector;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a feeder, a bed body, a discharger, a gas heater, a gas purifier and a first cyclone separator;the cooling system comprises a venturi cooler, a cyclone cooler and a ...

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07-02-2019 дата публикации

A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-PURITY AND HIGH-ACTIVITY VANADIUM ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20190044172A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for producing a high-purity and high-activity vanadium electrolyte, comprising converting high-purity vanadium oxytrichloride into an ammonium salt in a fluidized bed by gas phase ammoniation, then in another fluidized bed, reducing the ammonium salt into a low-valence vanadium oxide having an average vanadium valence of 3.5, adding clean water and sulfuric acid for dissolution, and further performing activation by ultrasound to obtain a 3.5-valence vanadium electrolyte which can be directly used in a new all-vanadium redox flow battery stack. The method of producing an ammonium salt containing vanadium in the fluidized bed by gas phase ammoniation is of short process and high efficiency. Precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product is implemented by arranging an internal member in the reduction fluidized bed, and ultrasonication is used to activate the vanadium ion, thereby greatly improving the activity of the electrolyte. 1. A system for producing a high-purity and high-activity vanadium electrolyte , comprising a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , a gas phase ammoniation fluidized bed , a reduction fluidized bed , a pre-cooling device , a secondary cooling device , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , a dissolution reactor , and an activation device;wherein the gas phase ammoniation fluidized bed comprises a vanadium oxytrichloride vaporizer, a purified ammonia liquor vaporizer, a chloride spray gun, a gas phase ammoniation fluidized bed body, a first cyclone separator, and an ammonium chloride settling tower;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a material valve, a bed body, a discharger, a gas heater, a gas purifier, and a second cyclone separator;the pre-cooling device comprises a cyclone cooler and a third cyclone separator;the low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device comprises a low-valence vanadium oxide hopper and a low-valence vanadium oxide screw feeder;wherein a feed outlet at the bottom of the ...

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07-02-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING 3.5-VALENCE HIGH-PURITY VANADIUM ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20190044173A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for producing a 3.5-valence high-purity vanadium electrolyte, comprising hydrolyzing high-purity vanadium oxytrichloride into vanadium pentoxide in a fluidized bed, and reducing vanadium pentoxide into a low-valence vanadium oxide having an average vanadium valence of 3.5 adding water and a sulfuric acid solution under a microwave field applied externally for dissolution at a low temperature, to obtain a 3.5-valence high-purity vanadium electrolyte. The preparation of vanadium pentoxide by means of gas-phase hydrolysis in the fluidized bed is of short process and high efficiency. By providing an internal member within the reduction fluidized bed, the precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product is achieved, and the special chemical effect of the microwave field is used to promote dissolution of the vanadium oxide and activate the vanadium ions, thereby greatly improving the activity of the electrolyte. 1. A system for producing a 3.5-valence high-purity vanadium electrolyte , comprising a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , a gas phase hydrolysis fluidized bed , a vanadium pentoxide feeding device , a preheat dedusting device , a reduction fluidized bed , a primary cooling device , a secondary cooling device , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , a dissolution and activation device a tail gas washing absorber , an induced draft fan and a chimney;wherein the gas phase hydrolysis fluidized bed comprises a vanadium oxytrichloride vaporizer, a clean water vaporize, a chloride spray gun a gas phase hydrolysis fluidized bed body, a hydrolysis fluidized bed discharger, and a hydrochloric acid tail gas absorber;the vanadium pentoxide feeding device comprises a vanadium pentoxide hopper and a vanadium pentoxide screw feeder;the preheat dedusting device comprises a venturi preheater, a first cyclone separator, a cyclone preheater, and a bag-type dust collector;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a feeder, a bed body, a ...

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07-02-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARING HIGH PURITY VANADIUM ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20190044174A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for preparing a high-purity vanadium electrolyte, comprising preparing a low-valence vanadium oxide with vanadium oxytrichloride by ammonium salt precipitation and fluidization reduction, and preparing the high-purity vanadium electrolyte at a low temperature by adding a sulfuric acid solution and clean water under the conditions of ultrasound-assisted dissolution and activation. Efficient utilization of heat is achieved through heat exchange between the ammonium salt and the reduction tail gas and heat exchange between the reduction product and fluidized nitrogen gas. Ammonia gas in the reduction tail gas is recovered for precipitation of vanadium to achieve the recycling of ammonia gas. An internal member is arranged in the reduction fluidized bed to realize the precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product. Furthermore, ultrasound-assisted dissolution and activation are employed to prepare the vanadium electrolyte at a low temperature, thereby improving the activity of the electrolyte. 1. A system for preparing a high-purity vanadium electrolyte , comprising: a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , an ammonium salt precipitating device , an ammonium salt feeding device , a preheating system , a reduction fluidized bed , a cooling system , a secondary cooling device , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , and a dissolution and activation reactor;wherein the ammonium salt precipitating device comprises an ammonium salt precipitating reaction tank and a washing filter;the ammonium salt feeding device comprises an ammonium salt hopper and an ammonium salt screw feeder;the preheating system comprises a primary cyclone preheater, a venturi preheater, a secondary cyclone preheater, and a first cyclone separator;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a feeder, a bed body, a discharger, a gas heater, a gas purifier, and an ammonium chloride settling tower;the cooling system comprises a venturi cooler, a cyclone cooler, and a ...

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23-02-2017 дата публикации

Solids circulation system and method for capture and conversion of reactive solids with fluidized bed temperature control

Номер: US20170051217A1
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International Inc

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

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28-02-2019 дата публикации

Polyolefin production with chromium-based catalysts

Номер: US20190062475A1
Принадлежит: Univation Technologies Llc

A system and method for feeding a chromium-based catalyst to a polymerization reactor; adding a reducing agent to the chromium-based catalyst, and polymerizing an olefin into a polyolefin in the polymerization reactor in the presence of the chromium-based catalyst.

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10-03-2016 дата публикации

SUPPLYING A DISPENSING DEVICE FOR LOADING A REFINERY AND/OR PETROCHEMICAL REACTOR WITH SOLID PARTICLES

Номер: US20160067664A1
Принадлежит: TOTAL RAFFINAGE CHIMIE

An assembly for loading a refinery and/or petrochemical reactor () with solid particles, comprising a dispensing device () for loading the reactor with solid particles in a relatively uniform manner, a system () for supplying the dispensing device, comprising a flexible sleeve () connected to a solid particle tank () and to the dispensing device, and a control system () comprising a blocking device () for blocking the particles flowing in the flexible sleeve, adjacent to a portion () of the flexible sleeve and capable, when activated, of moving the walls of the flexible sleeve in such a way as to reduce a cross section of said sleeve at said portion, and an actuating device () for actuating the blocking device located at a distance from the blocking device. 1. An assembly for loading a refining and/or petrochemical reactor with solid particles , comprisinga dispensing device for loading the reactor with solid particles, said device being arranged such as to homogenize and/or make uniform the loading of solid particles into the reactor,a system for supplying the dispensing device, said supply system comprising a flexible sleeve intended to be connected to a solid particle reserve firstly, and to the dispensing device secondly, wherein the solid particles can flow, generally from the top to the bottom, 'a device for blocking the particles flowing in the flexible sleeve, which device is adjacent to a portion of the flexible sleeve and suitable for, when activated, moving walls of the flexible sleeve such as to reduce an effective cross-section of said sleeve at said portion, and', 'a system for controlling the supply system, comprisinga device for actuating the blocking device located remotely from the blocking device.2. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the blocking device is arranged such as to urge the walls of the flexible sleeve against a rigid or semi-rigid pipe through which said flexible sleeve passes at the portion adjacent to the blocking device.3. ...

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10-03-2016 дата публикации

CATALYST REGENERATORS AND METHODS FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS

Номер: US20160067701A1
Принадлежит:

Catalyst regenerators and methods of their use are provided. A catalyst regenerator includes a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber diameter and a combustion chamber bottom. A mixing chamber is fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber at the combustion chamber bottom, where the mixing chamber has an exterior wall and a mixing chamber diameter less than the combustion chamber diameter. A first and second catalyst inlet are fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber, and a mixing cylinder is within the mixing chamber. The mixing cylinder and the exterior wall define an annular space there-between, and the mixing cylinder includes a cylinder opening. 1. A catalyst regenerator comprising:a combustion chamber having a combustion chamber diameter and a combustion chamber bottom;a mixing chamber fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber at the combustion chamber bottom, wherein the mixing chamber has an exterior wall and a mixing chamber diameter less than the combustion chamber diameter;a first catalyst inlet fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber;a second catalyst inlet fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber; anda mixing cylinder within the mixing chamber, wherein the mixing cylinder and the exterior wall define an annular space there-between, and wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder opening.2. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the cylinder opening extends from below a lower most portion of the first catalyst inlet to above an upper most portion of the first catalyst inlet.3. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder top that is closed claim 1 , and wherein the cylinder opening terminates below the cylinder top.4. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder wall section claim 1 , and wherein the cylinder wall section is positioned facing the first catalyst inlet and the second catalyst inlet.5. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the cylinder opening faces one of the first catalyst inlet ...

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10-03-2016 дата публикации

REGENERATOR FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS UNDER DIFFERENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

Номер: US20160068766A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention concerns a moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction, said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel, in which particles of catalyst move under gravity, in which each regeneration zone comprises, in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move: 112. A moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction , said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel , in which particles of catalyst move under gravity , in which each regeneration zone comprises , in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move:a) a combustion section (CO);b) an oxychlorination section (O) disposed below the combustion section and comprising means for bringing catalyst from the combustion section (CO) to the oxychlorination section (O);c) a calcining section (CA) disposed below the oxychlorination section;characterized in that the regeneration zones are separated from each other by a separation means which is impermeable to catalysts and to gases in a manner such that the catalysts of each of the zones are capable of being regenerated under different operating conditions.2. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections comprises an annular space defined by two sieves which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts in which the catalyst moves under gravity.330309934. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections is formed by a portion of an annular space () claim 1 , the annular space () being defined by two sieves ( claim 1 , ′) which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts and divided into portions by separation means () which are impermeable to catalysts and to gas.4. The regenerator according to claim 2 , in which the sieves are selected from a ...

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09-03-2017 дата публикации

TEMPORARY ADDITION OR INJECTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20170065954A1
Принадлежит: BASF CORPORATION

A temporary addition or injection system installed without the need for civil work comprising: one or more silos mounted on a trailer; optionally one or more transfer pots; and one or more control systems, wherein the one or more transfer pots and the one or more control systems are either (a) directly or indirectly connected to the one or more silos mounted on the trailer or (b) mounted adjacent to the one or more silos mounted on the trailer. 1. A temporary addition or injection system installed without the need for civil work comprising:one or more silos mounted on a trailer;optionally one or more transfer pots; andone or more control systems, (a) directly or indirectly connected to the one or more silos mounted on the trailer or', '(b) mounted adjacent to the one or more silos mounted on the trailer., 'wherein the one or more transfer pots and the one or more control systems are either'}2. The temporary addition or injection system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more silos are mounted on the trailer in a horizontal position.3. The temporary addition or injection system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more silos are mounted on the trailer in a vertical position.4. The temporary addition or injection system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more silos has a volume capacity of about 30 ftto about 2000 ft.5. A method of installing a temporary addition or injection system at a work-site claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:(i) mounting one or more silos on a trailer;(ii) mounting one or more transfer pots and one or more control systems on the trailer;(iii) transporting the one or more silos, the one or more transfer pots, and the one or more control systems on the trailer to the work-site; and(iv)(a) self-erecting the one or more silos to stand vertically on the trailer at the work-site or (iv)(b) dismounting the one or more silos at the work-site.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step (ii) the one or more transfer pots and the one or more control systems ...

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17-03-2016 дата публикации

CO CURRENT MIXER, APPARATUS, REACTOR AND METHOD FOR PRECIPITATING NANOPARTICLES

Номер: US20160074823A1
Принадлежит:

A high pressure tubular reactor for production of nanoparticles by precipitation has unidirectional fluid flows of a precursor and supercritical water directed from inner and outer coaxial inlets to an outlet via a reaction zone yearly downstream of the inlets. The inner inlet is for supercritical fluid, and the outer inlet is for a precursor. 1. A co-current mixer for production of nanoparticles by precipitation in a continuous hydrothermal or solvothermal process , the co-current mixer being configured to deliver downstream of the co-current mixer unidirectional fluid flows of: a precursor , which consists essentially of an aqueous solution or suspension of solid particles , and a fluid containing water and/or other solvents and being substantially at or above the critical point of the fluid , the co-current mixer comprising:an outer inlet,an inner inlet disposed coaxially within the outer inlet,a mixing zone disposed immediately downstream of said inlets and connected to both of the inner and outer inlets,a feed for the fluid connected upstream to the inner inlet, anda supply for he precursor connected upstream to the outer inlet,the co-current mixer being configured such that the precipitation of nanoparticles is caused in the mixing zone by mixing of the precursor with the fluid in the mixing zone.2. A co-current mixer according to claim 1 , wherein the net cross-sectional area of the inner and outer inlets is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet.3. A co-current mixer according to claim 2 , wherein the outer inlet and the outlet are defined by a tube of substantially constant diameter into which is introduced a second tube defining a single inner inlet and terminating at an open mouth facing the flow direction.4. A co-current mixer according to claim 3 , wherein the transverse cross-section of each of the outer and inner inlets is circular.5. A co-current mixer according to claim 4 , wherein the inner inlet comprises a tube end ...

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17-03-2016 дата публикации

Nylon salt solution preparation processes with trim diamine

Номер: US20160075827A1
Принадлежит: Invista North America LLC

Disclosed are nylon salt solution preparation processes including a trim diamine feed. The nylon salt solution is prepared by feeding a dicarboxylic acid monomer and a diamine monomer to a single continuous stirred tank reactor. The dicarboxylic acid is metered, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to the reactor. The nylon salt solution is formed continuously and has low variability from a target pH and/or a target salt solution concentration. The nylon salt solution is transferred directly to a storage tank, without further monomer addition, pH adjustment, or salt solution adjustment after exiting the continuous stirred tank reactor.

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24-03-2022 дата публикации

CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF POLYSTYRENE INTO AROMATIC RICH LIQUID PRODUCT USING SPHERICAL CATALYST

Номер: US20220089831A1
Принадлежит: INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

The present invention provides a process of catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene involving a spherical catalyst, an apparatus for carrying out the depolymerization, recovering the aromatic rich liquid product and recycling the catalyst without any decrease in the catalytic performance. Further, the present invention provides that the aromatic rich liquid product includes styrene, xylene, benzene, ethyl benzene, with styrene content greater than 65%. Additionally, the catalyst involved in the depolymerization process is a spherical catalyst that is easily recovered from coke/char formed during the process and is recycled and reused without any decrease in the catalytic performance. 1. A process of catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene , the process comprising:(a) adding a polystyrene feed and a catalyst into a reactor, wherein the catalyst and the feed are added together, or the feed is added first followed by the catalyst, or the feed is added into the reactor containing the catalyst; wherein the catalyst is a spherical catalyst;(b) mixing of the feed with the catalyst in the reactor to obtain a mixture and heating the mixture at a rate ranging from 3 to 20° C./min in an inert atmosphere for generating vapor;(c) passing the vapor from the reactor to a condenser to obtain a condensate, wherein a heating tape is connected to a temperature controller in the reactor to prevent condensation of the vapor before entering the condenser; and(d) routing the condensate from the condenser to a liquid product collection flask and passing un-condensable gases from the condenser through a scrubber; wherein the liquid product is present in an amount ranging from 85% to 90% by weight comprising styrene in an amount ranging from 65% to 71% by weight of the liquid product.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the feed is a styrene rich polymer waste comprising styrene in an amount ranging from 20% to 100% by weight claim 1 , wherein the styrene rich polymer is ...

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05-03-2020 дата публикации

Polymerization Processes and Polymers Made Therefrom

Номер: US20200071437A1
Автор: Li Wen, Stevens Kevin A.
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides processes for polymerizing olefin(s). Methods can include contacting a first composition and a second composition in a line to form a third composition. The first composition can include a contact product of a first catalyst, a second catalyst, a support, a first activator, a mineral oil. The second composition can include a contact product of an activator, a diluent, and the first catalyst or the second catalyst. Methods can include introducing the third composition from the line into a gas-phase fluidized bed reactor, introducing a condensing agent to the line and/or the reactor, exposing the third composition to polymerization conditions, and/or obtaining a polyolefin. Polyethylene compositions including at least 65 wt % ethylene derived units, based upon the total weight of the polyethylene composition, are provided. 1. A method for producing a polyolefin comprising: [ 1. a first bimetallic catalyst, which is the contact product of i) a hafnocene catalyst, ii) a zirconocene catalyst, iii) a support, and iv) an activator, wherein the mol ratio of hafnium to zirconium is from 95:5 to 70:30, and', '2. a diluent,, 'i. the first composition comprises, 'ii. the second composition comprises the zirconocene catalyst and a solvent, wherein the zirconocene catalyst is dissolved in the solvent to form a solution; and', 'iii. the third composition comprises a second bimetallic catalyst having mol ratio of hafnium to zirconium of from 85:15 to 50:50, 'a. contacting a first composition and a second composition in a line to form a third composition, whereinb. introducing the third composition from the feed line into a gas-phase fluidized bed reactor;{'sub': 3', '12, 'c. introducing feed components into the gas-phase fluidized bed reactor, the feed components comprising hydrogen, ethylene, and a Cto Calpha olefin comonomer;'} i. a hydrogen concentration in the range of from 50 ppm to 2000 ppm,', 'ii. an ethylene concentration in the range of from ...

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22-03-2018 дата публикации

FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAXIMIZING LIGHT OLEFIN YIELD AND OTHER APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20180079973A1
Принадлежит: LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY INC.

Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor. 1. A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons , comprising:feeding a first particle and a second particle to a reactor, wherein the first particle has a smaller average particle size and/or is less dense than the second particle, and wherein the first particle and second particle may independently be catalytic or non-catalytic particles;feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock to the reactor;recovering an overhead product from the reactor comprising a converted hydrocarbon effluent, the second particle, and the first particle;separating the second particle from the overhead product to provide a first stream comprising the first particle and the converted hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second particle;returning the separated second particle in the second stream to the reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising recovering a bottoms product from the reactor comprising the second particle.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:feeding a second hydrocarbon feedstock and a mixture of first particle and second particle ...

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31-03-2022 дата публикации

PREPARATION DEVICE AND PREPARATION METHOD OF AMMONIA GAS

Номер: US20220098048A1
Автор: WANG Qi, Yu Changjun
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are a preparation device and a preparation method of ammonia gas. The preparation device, prepares ammonia gas by reacting ammonium chloride with a particulate inorganic salt, includes one fluidized bed reactor with at least two fluidization chambers, in which one is a preheating chamber configured to preheat the particulate inorganic salt, and the other is a reaction chamber inside provided with at least one atomizing nozzle, the particulate inorganic salt forming a fluidized bed layer and reacting with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride in the reaction chamber to generate the ammonia gas. The particulate inorganic salt can be sequentially flowed through a plurality of preheating chambers and reaction chambers under an impetus of a density difference of the particulate bed layers, finally achieving the required conversion rate. 1. A preparation device of ammonia gas , configured to prepare ammonia gas by reacting ammonium chloride with a particulate inorganic salt , comprising a fluidized bed reactor , the fluidized bed reactor comprising:at least one preheating chamber, configured to preheat the particulate inorganic salt;at least one reaction chamber, configured for the particulate inorganic salt to contact and react with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride to generate the ammonia gas; andan atomizing nozzle, located in the reaction chamber, configured to atomize the ammonium chloride aqueous solution,wherein carrier gas is introduced into the preheating chamber and the reaction chamber to cause the particulate inorganic salt to form a fluidized particulate bed layer, and an empty bed gas velocity of the carrier gas in the preheating chamber is higher than an empty bed gas velocity of the carrier gas in the reaction chamber, so that a particulate bed layer density in the preheating chamber is smaller than a particulate bed layer density in the reaction chamber.2. The preparation device according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidized bed reactor ...

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12-03-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT OLEFINS AND AROMATIC FROM CRACKED LIGHT NAPHTHA

Номер: US20200080006A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for a production of light olefins and aromatics from cracked light naphtha by selective cracking. The present invention thus provides a process for up grading cracked olefinic naphtha to high value petrochemical feed stocks. This process is based on catalytic cracking in which the catalyst activity is optimized by depositing coke for production of light olefins and aromatics. The proposed process has high flexibility and can be operated either in maximizing olefins as reflected from the PIE ratio or in maximizing aromatics (BTX) at different modes of operation depending upon the product requirement. 1. A process for selective production of light olefins and aromatics , the process comprising:a) feeding a mixed olefinic cracked naphtha feedstock into a reactor; (i) wherein under olefinic mode of operation, the mixed olefinic cracked naphtha is catalytically cracked by contacting with a zeolite catalyst for a residence time ranging between 35-65 minutes and at a pressure ranging between 1-2 bar to obtain a cracked product comprising light olefins in the range of 30-50 wt % and obtaining the light olefins as a gaseous product with a propylene to ethylene ratio (PIE) in the range of 1-5;', '(ii) wherein under aromatic mode of operation, the mixed olefinic cracked naphtha is catalytically cracked by contacting with a zeolite catalyst for a residence time ranging between 20-35 minutes and at a pressure ranging between 5-7 bar to obtain a cracked product comprising aromatics in the range of 10-25 wt % and obtaining the aromatics as a liquid product; and, 'b) catalytic cracking of the mixed olefinic cracked naphtha in the reactor under olefinic mode or aromatic mode of operation,'}c) recovering spent catalyst from the reactor and feeding the spent catalyst to a regenerator to obtain a regenerated catalyst and recycling the regenerated catalyst to the reactor.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed olefinic cracked ...

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23-03-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF MAKING FUEL CELL COMPONENT USING ADHESIVE TAPE TO MAINTAIN POSITIONING OF LOADING MATERIAL PARTICLES

Номер: US20170084931A1
Принадлежит:

A method of fabricating a fuel cell component for use with or as part of a fuel cell in a fuel cell stack, the method comprising: providing a fuel cell component, providing a deposition assembly for depositing loading material particles onto the fuel cell component, and actuating the deposition assembly to cause the deposition assembly to deposit said loading material particles onto said fuel cell component. 1. A method of fabricating a fuel cell component for use with or as part of a fuel cell in a fuel cell stack , the method comprising:providing a fuel cell component;providing a deposition assembly for depositing loading material particles onto the fuel cell component;actuating the deposition assembly to cause said deposition assembly to deposit said loading material particles onto said fuel cell component.2. The method in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising:locating the fuel cell component relative to the deposition mechanism prior to and during actuation of the deposition mechanism.3. The method in accordance with claim 2 , further comprising:sensing the locating of said fuel cell component; andwherein said actuating is responsive to said sensing.4. The method in accordance with claim 3 , further comprising:applying a fixing agent relative to the fuel cell component and to the loading material to maintain positioning of the loading material relative to the fuel cell component.5. The method in accordance with claim 4 , wherein:said loading material particles comprise catalyst particles.6. The method in accordance with claim 5 , wherein:said fixing agent is an adhesive tape.7. The method in accordance with claim 6 , wherein:said adhesive tape is a double-sided adhesive tape.8. The method in accordance with claim 7 , further comprising:joining another fuel cell component to said fuel cell component via said double-sided adhesive tape.9. The method in accordance with claim 8 , further comprising;applying additional double-sided adhesive tape to said fuel ...

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02-04-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR REFINING RAW MATERIALS CONTAINING ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS

Номер: US20150093296A1
Принадлежит:

A plant for refining raw materials containing organic constituents includes a reactor configured to receive raw materials; a furnace configured to receive solids and fuel from the reactor; a return conduit configured to recirculate hot solids generated in the furnace to the reactor; and a sealing device configured to separate an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor. The sealing device includes: a downpipe disposed between the furnace and the reactor, the downpipe being configured to withdraw a stream of solids from the furnace; a rising pipe disposed near a bottom of the downpipe and branching off there from to a top, the rising pipe being configured to transport a fluidized stream of solids to the reactor; and a conveying gas supply disposed below the rising pipe, the conveying gas supply being configured to fluidize a stream of solids withdrawn from the furnace. 1. A plant for refining raw materials containing organic constituents , the plant comprising:a reactor configured to receive raw materials;a furnace configured to receive solids and fuel from the reactor;a return conduit configured to recirculate hot solids generated in the furnace to the reactor; a downpipe disposed between the furnace and the reactor, the downpipe being configured to withdraw a stream of solids from the furnace,', 'a rising pipe disposed near a bottom of the downpipe and branching off therefrom to a top, the rising pipe being configured to transport a fluidized stream of solids to the reactor, and', 'a conveying gas supply disposed below the rising pipe, the conveying gas supply being configured to fluidize a stream of solids withdrawn from the furnace., 'a sealing device configured to separate an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor, the sealing device including2. The plant as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a fluidized-bed reactor.3. The plant as recited in claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a drier ...

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30-03-2017 дата публикации

CHLORINE DIOXIDE GENERATOR

Номер: US20170088420A1
Принадлежит: TAIKO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.

A method of producing chlorine dioxide involves generating chlorine dioxide gas by deforming a container body of a chlorine dioxide generator which is deformable in response to application of a force to the container body from outside of the container body. The deforming of the container body causes an enclosure contained in the cylinder body to be broken to bring an aqueous chlorite solution into contact with a solid acidic composition to generate chlorine dioxide gas that is discharged via a gas discharge port of the container body to outside of the container body. The method additionally involves submerging in water at least the gas discharge port of the container body during the generation of the chlorine dioxide gas to dissolve the chlorine dioxide gas discharged via the gas discharge port in the water. 1. A method of producing chlorine dioxide comprising:generating chlorine dioxide gas by deforming a container body of a chlorine dioxide generator which is deformable in response to application of a force to the container body from outside of the container body;the container body including a gas discharge port formed of a gas-permeable, water-impermeable or gas-permeable, water-permeation retardant member, the container body except for the gas discharge port being sealed, thus having a water-impermeable construction;the container body containing a solid acidic composition and an aqueous chlorite solution under a non-contact condition from each other;the solid acidic composition comprising a porous material containing an acidic substance that exhibits acidity when dissolved in water; andthe aqueous chlorite solution being sealed within a breakable enclosure;the deforming of the container body causing the enclosure contained in the cylinder body to be broken to bring the aqueous chlorite solution into contact with the solid acidic composition to generate chlorine dioxide gas that is discharged via the gas discharge port to outside of the container body; ...

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19-03-2020 дата публикации

Methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions

Номер: US20200086288A1
Автор: Scott Laine
Принадлежит: Nanotech Energy Inc

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide.

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16-04-2015 дата публикации

Real-time level monitoring for fixed bed catalyst loading using multiple level sensors

Номер: US20150101406A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

In various aspects, methods and systems are provided for monitoring catalyst bed levels using multiple sensors that are temporarily installed in a reactor during catalyst loading. The multiple sensors are able to take distance measurements at substantially the same time and at predetermined time intervals so as to provide a catalyst time profile. The catalyst time profile allows an operator monitor catalyst levels during and after catalyst loading. Once catalyst loading is completed, the multiple sensors are removed from the reactor.

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14-04-2016 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND METHOD OF PRODUCING GRANULAR POLYSILICON

Номер: US20160101982A1
Принадлежит:

The fluidized bed process for preparing polysilicon by chemical vapor deposition is improved by positioning at least one Laval nozzle upstream from a gas inlet into the reactor. 110.-. (canceled)11. A fluidized bed reactor for producing granular polysilicon , comprising: a vessel having an inner reactor tube for a fluidized bed of granular polysilicon , and a reactor base; a heating device for heating the fluidized bed in the inner reactor tube; at least one opening in the reactor base for feeding fluidizing gas , and at least one opening in the reactor base for feeding reaction gas; a device for removing reactor offgas; a feed apparatus for feeding silicon seed particles; and a withdrawal conduit for granular polysilicon product , wherein a Laval nozzle is situated upstream of at least one of the openings in the reactor base , suitable for supercritically expanding at least one mass stream fed to the fluidized bed reactor.12. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 11 , which has at least two openings in the reactor base claim 11 , each opening having a Laval nozzle situated upstream from the opening.13. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 11 , which has one or more groups of openings in the reactor base claim 11 , each group comprising at least two openings claim 11 , wherein a Laval nozzle is situated upstream of each group of openings.14. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 11 , comprising one or more groups of openings in the reactor base claim 11 , each group comprising at least two openings claim 11 , wherein one Laval nozzle is situated upstream of each opening claim 11 , and at least one further Laval nozzle upstream of said one Laval nozzle upstream of said each opening.15. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 11 , wherein the at least one opening in the reactor base upstream of which a Laval nozzle is situated comprises a gas distributor.16. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 11 , wherein the at least one opening in the reactor base upstream of which a Laval ...

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14-04-2016 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR, REACTION REGENERATION APPARATUS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING OLEFINS, AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20160102033A1
Принадлежит:

A fluidized bed reactor is provided, comprising an inlet zone at a lower position, an outlet zone at an upper position, and a reaction zone between the inlet zone and the outlet zone. A guide plate with through holes is disposed in the reaction zone, comprising a dense channel region in an intermediate region thereof and a sparse channel region disposed on a periphery thereof and encompassing the dense channel region. Catalysts in said fluidized bed reactor can be homogeneously distributed in the reaction zone thereof, whereby the reaction efficiency can be improved. A reaction regeneration apparatus comprising said fluidized bed reactor, and a process for preparing olefins from oxygenates and a process for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons from oxygenates using the reaction regeneration apparatus. 1. A fluidized bed reactor , comprising an inlet zone at a lower position , an outlet zone at an upper position , and a reaction zone between the inlet zone and the outlet zone , whereina guide plate is disposed in the reaction zone, comprising a dense channel region in an intermediate region thereof and a sparse channel region disposed on a periphery thereof encompassing the dense channel region.2. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a dimension of a channel in the dense channel region is smaller than that of a channel in the sparse channel region.3. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2 , wherein a ratio of the dimension of the channel in the dense channel region to that of the channel in the sparse channel region is in a range of 1:4 to 2:3.4. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 3 , wherein the dimension of the channel in the dense channel region is in a range of 0.01 m to 0.08 m.5. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the dense channel region and the sparse channel region each comprise a circular plate having evenly distributed pores claim 1 , or a plurality of concentric ring shaped sloping panels spaced apart ...

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26-06-2014 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Real-Time Catalyst Particle Size Control in a Polymerization Reactor

Номер: US20140179881A1
Принадлежит: Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP

Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time control of the average particle size of catalyst system components are disclosed. Methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems also are described.

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16-04-2015 дата публикации

Process and device for preparing cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone by cyclohexane oxidation

Номер: US20150105590A1
Автор: Xiao Zaosheng
Принадлежит:

A process for preparing cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone by cyclohexane oxidation includes steps of: non-catalyticly oxidizing cyclohexane with molecular oxygen in the air to obtain an oxidation mixture containing CHHP as a main product; performing a homogenous catalytic decomposition of the CHHP to obtain cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone; and rectifying to obtain products of the cyclohexanol and the cyclohexanone, wherein the step of performing the homogenous catalytic decomposition involves a homogeneous catalytic decomposition reaction and distillation vessel which removes water via azeotropic rectification to reduce a water content of a decomposition liquid to be below 100 ppm. A device therefor includes the homogeneous catalytic decomposition reaction and distillation vessel for performing the homogenous catalytic decomposition of the CHHP. The homogeneous catalytic decomposition reaction and distillation vessel and pipelines thereof are free from scale formation, which elongates a production cycle to be over one year. 18-. (canceled)9. A process for preparing cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone by cyclohexane oxidation , comprising steps of: non-catalyticly oxidizing cyclohexane with molecular oxygen in the air to obtain an oxidation mixture containing cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (CHHP) as a main product; performing a homogenous catalytic decomposition of the CHHP to obtain cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone; and rectifying to obtain products of the cyclohexanol and the cyclohexanone;wherein the step of performing the homogenous catalytic decomposition of the CHHP comprises using a homogeneous catalytic decomposition reaction and distillation vessel which removes water via azeotropic rectification to reduce a water content of a decomposition liquid to be below 100 ppm.10. The process claim 9 , as recited in claim 9 , wherein the homogeneous catalytic decomposition reaction and distillation vessel comprises a decomposition reaction and distillation vessel having 3˜5 ...

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13-04-2017 дата публикации

TRIPHASIC FLOW MILLIREACTORS

Номер: US20170101358A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a reactor system that contains multiple millireactors, each including a millitube, a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third feed line. Each of the first and second feed lines has a hydraulic damper disposed therein. Also disclosed is a process for conducting in a millitube a triphasic flow reaction that requires a liquid reactant, a gas reactant, and a catalyst. 2. The reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising:a first liquid container connected to the first end of the first feed line, the first container connected in fluid communication to a first pump;a second liquid container connected to the first end of the second feed line, the second container connected in fluid communication to a second pump;a gas container connected to the first end of the third feed line; andan outflow container connected to the second end of the millitube.3. The reactor system of claim 2 , wherein the first and second pumps are each a peristaltic pump.4. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the millitube is a polytetrafluoroethylene tube.5. The reactor system of claim 4 , wherein the millitube has a length of 2-20 m and an inner diameter of 1-5 mm.6. The reactor system of claim 4 , wherein the first and second hydraulic dampers each consist of a first tube claim 4 , a second tube claim 4 , and a third tube in series claim 4 , the second tube having an inner diameter larger than that of the first tube and that of the third tube.7. The reactor system of claim 6 , wherein the first tube has the same length and inner diameter as those of the third tube.8. The reactor system of claim 6 , wherein the second tube in the first hydraulic damper is a silicone tube and the second tube in the second hydraulic damper is a viton tube.9. The reactor system of claim 5 , wherein the first and second hydraulic dampers each consist of a first tube claim 5 , a second tube claim 5 , and a third tube in series claim 5 , the second tube in each of the hydraulic dampers having an ...

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23-04-2015 дата публикации

CATALYST LOADING TOOL

Номер: US20150107717A1
Принадлежит: Mourik International B.V.

There is provided a loading tray for loading particulate material into a catalytic reactor comprising an upper tubesheet and an array of reaction tubes extending downward from the tubesheet; wherein the loading tray comprises: a loading template comprising one or more loading openings; one or more supports for spacing the loading template above the tube-sheet to form a volume between the loading template and the upper tube-sheet; and a vacuum outlet for application of suction to the volume between the loading template and the upper tubesheet. 1. A loading tray for loading particulate material into a catalytic reactor comprising an upper tubesheet and an array of reaction tubes extending downward from the tubesheet;wherein the loading tray comprises:a loading template comprising one or more loading openings;one or more supports for spacing the loading template above the tubesheet to form a volume between the loading template and the upper tubesheet; anda vacuum outlet for application of suction to the volume between the loading template and the upper tubesheet.2. A catalyst loading tray according to which claim 1 , when placed above the tubesheet for catalyst loading use claim 1 , substantially closes the volume between the loading template and the upper tubesheet for airflow claim 1 , except for the catalyst loading openings claim 1 , reactor tube openings in the tubesheet claim 1 , and the vacuum outlet.3. A catalyst loading tray according to wherein the catalyst loading template is elongate.4. A catalyst loading tray according to wherein the catalyst loading openings are disposed in a single row.5. A catalyst loading tray according to wherein the catalyst loading template comprises from 2 to 40 catalyst loading openings.6. A catalyst loading tray according to wherein at least one of the catalyst loading openings is provided with a filler sleeve claim 1 , the filler sleeve comprising:an upper portion having a catalyst loading orifice and an engagement member;a ...

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04-04-2019 дата публикации

Fluidized bed reactor with pinching fittings for producing polysilicon granulate, and method and use for same

Номер: US20190099730A1
Принадлежит: Wacker Chemie AG

Control of the flow of granular polysilicon granules is effected by employing an elastomeric pinch sleeve valve. The flow control by this method is especially useful for controlling the flow of silicon seed particles and granular polysilicon product in the fluidized bed method for producing polysilicon. The flow may be stopped without gas leakage, and is suitable for use over long operating campaigns.

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04-04-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT A HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYSED REACTION

Номер: US20190099731A1
Принадлежит: Evonik Roehm GmbH

A process for performing a heterogeneously catalysed reaction in a three-phase reactor, where there is at least one liquid phase, at least one gaseous phase and at least one solid phase in the reactor and the reactor has at least two zones, with the reaction mixture being conveyed downward in zone 1, the reaction mixture being conveyed upward in zone 2, zones 1 and 2 being separated from one another by a dividing wall, and in that the ratio between the average catalyst concentrations in zone 2 and in zone 1 is greater than 2. 1. A process , comprising performing a heterogeneously catalysed reaction in a three-phase reactor , wherein the three-phase reactor comprises at least one liquid phase , at least one gaseous phase and at least one solid phase in the reactor and the reactor has at least two zones , with a reaction mixture being conveyed downward in zone 1 , the reaction mixture being conveyed upward in zone 2 , zones 1 and 2 being separated from one another by a dividing wall , and a ratio between the average catalyst concentrations in zone 2 and in zone 1 is greater than 2.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio between the average catalyst concentrations in zone 2 and in zone 1 is greater than 5.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gas required for the process claim 1 , in the course of operation claim 1 , is almost exclusively in zone 2 claim 1 , while zone 1 remains substantially free of the undissolved gas.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio between the catalyst concentration in zone 2 at 90% of a fill height of the reactor measured from the bottom and the catalyst concentration at 20% of the fill height measured from the bottom is less than 0.3.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio between the average vertical flow rate in zone 1 and the average vertical flow rate in zone 2 is between 5 and 50.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the reactor diameter in an upper portion ...

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04-04-2019 дата публикации

A process for reacting oxygen carrying regenerated catalyst prior to use in a fluidized bed reactor

Номер: US20190099745A1
Автор: Liwei Li, Matthew T. Pretz
Принадлежит: Dow Global Technologies LLC

A process to react an oxygen containing regenerated catalyst stream prior to use in a fluidized bed reactor comprising providing a regenerated catalyst stream which comprises at least 0.001 wt % oxygen; reacting the regenerated catalyst stream with a fuel source thereby forming oxides and reducing the amount of oxygen in the regenerated catalyst stream to produce a usable regenerated catalyst stream; and injecting the usable regenerated catalyst stream into a hydrocarbon fluidized bed reactor is provided.

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21-04-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONDITIONING PARTICULATE MATTER

Номер: US20160107135A1
Принадлежит:

A method of conditioning particulate material and/or a gas is provided, comprising the steps of: feeding an amount of particulate material up to a filling level into in an inner volume of a silo having silo walls, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and generating a gas flow of a gas from the gas inlet through the particulate material to the gas outlet which comprises applying suction to the inner volume of the silo through the gas outlet, wherein the gas outlet is located in a silo wall below the filling level and covered by the particulate material. A system is also provided. 1. A method of conditioning particulate material and/or a gas , comprising:feeding an amount of particulate material up to a filling level into in an inner volume of a silo having silo walls, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, andgenerating a gas flow of a gas, from the gas inlet through the particulate material to the gas outlet which comprises applying suction to the inner volume of the silo through the gas outlet, wherein the gas outlet is located in a silo wall below the filling level and covered by the particulate material.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the gas flow is generated by blowing the gas into the inner volume of the silo through the gas inlet.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the gas flow is generated by feeding the gas into the particulate material through a gas inlet that is located in a silo wall below the filling level and covered by the particulate material.4. The method according to claim 1 , and further comprising applying additional gas suction to the inner volume of the silo through an additional gas outlet above the filling level.5. The method according to claim 1 , and further comprising applying additional gas suction to the inner volume of the silo through an additional gas outlet that is located in a silo wall below the filling level and covered by the particulate material.6. The method according to claim 1 , and ...

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19-04-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR ARSENIC FIXATION

Номер: US20180105895A1
Принадлежит: Hatch Ltd.

A process and reactor for arsenic fixation in which a first gas stream comprises oxygen and an iron-containing particulate material. The oxygen and particulate material may be fed to reactor through respective first and second inlets. A second gas stream containing one or more volatile arsenic compounds is fed through a third inlet and mixed with the first gas stream and the particulate material to produce a combined gas stream containing the volatile arsenic compounds and the particulate material. The arsenic compounds are reacted with iron in the particulate material as the combined gas stream flows through the reactor to produce solid iron arsenates which are then recovered. The portion of the reactor including the first, second and third inlets is vertically oriented, and the reactor may include a venturi arrangement having a throat at which the second inlet is located. 125.-. (canceled)26. A process for arsenic fixation , comprising:(a) providing a reactor having an internal space;(b) providing a first gas stream in said internal space, wherein the first gas stream comprises oxygen and an iron-containing particulate material;(c) providing a second gas stream in said internal space, wherein the second gas stream comprises one or more arsenic species;(d) mixing the first gas stream and the second gas stream in said internal space to produce a combined gas stream;(e) reacting the one or more volatile arsenic compounds, the iron-containing particulate material and the oxygen in the combined gas stream to produce solid iron arsenates in the combined gas stream; and(f) separating the solid iron arsenates from the combined gas stream.27. The process according to claim 26 , wherein the internal space of the reactor has a first end and a second end claim 26 , with a gas flow direction being defined from the first end to the second end.28. The process according to claim 27 , wherein at least a portion of the internal space is oriented vertically claim 27 , wherein the ...

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30-04-2015 дата публикации

PARTICULATE MATERIAL LOADING DEVICE

Номер: US20150114516A1
Принадлежит: Mourik International B.V.

There is provided a loading tray for loading particulate material into an array of substantially vertical tubes; wherein the loading tray comprises a plurality of loading tray elements, each loading tray element comprising at least one loading opening and at least some of the loading tray elements comprising at least two loading openings, the loading tray elements being fitted together to form an array of the loading openings. 1. A loading tray for loading particulate material into an array of substantially vertical tubes; wherein the loading tray comprises a plurality of loading tray elements , each loading tray element comprising at least one loading opening and at least some of the loading tray elements comprising at least two loading openings , the loading tray elements being fitted together to form an array of the loading openings.2. A loading tray according to wherein each loading tray element is provided with a mechanical coupling for releasable fitting to an adjacent loading tray element.3. A loading tray according to wherein each loading tray element is provided with a mechanical fastener and the loading tray elements are mechanically releasably fastened into an array.4. A loading tray according to wherein the loading tray elements are releasably fastenable into an array by way of T-slot linkages claim 1 , L-slot linkages claim 1 , dove tail linkages claim 1 , interlocking contours or magnetic linkages.5. A loading tray according to wherein one or more of the loading tray modules comprises at least 3 loading openings.6. A loading tray according to wherein the loading tray elements have less than 40 loading openings.7. (canceled)8. A loading tray according to provided with one or more upstanding walls at or beyond a periphery of the array of loading openings.9. A loading tray according to provided with one or more releasably attached sidewalls.10. A loading tray according to wherein at least one of the loading openings has a form suited to receive and ...

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11-04-2019 дата публикации

Polymerization Catalyst Delivery

Номер: US20190106515A1
Принадлежит:

A process is described for introducing a catalyst into a polymerization zone by detecting one or a combination of (i) a change in a concentration of the catalyst in a catalyst feed stream upstream of the polymerization zone, (ii) a change in a concentration of monomer in the polymerization zone, and (iii) a change in a polymer production rate of the polymerization zone, adjusting a first catalyst flow rate of the catalyst in the catalyst feed stream to a second catalyst flow rate based on the one or a combination of (i), (ii), and (iii), and introducing the catalyst into the polymerization zone downstream of a location in the catalyst feed stream where the step of adjusting is performed. A catalyst injection system for carrying out such a process is also provided. 117.-. (canceled)18. A process for introducing a catalyst system comprising one or more catalyst system components into a polymerization zone , the process comprising:detecting one or a combination selected from the group consisting of:i) a change in a concentration of at least one of the one or more catalyst system components, wherein the one or more catalyst system components comprise a catalyst, a co-catalyst, an activator, a diluent, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of the least one of the one or more catalyst system components is measured in a feed stream for the at least one of the one or more catalyst components upstream of the polymerization zone,ii) a change in a concentration of monomer in the polymerization zone, andiii) a change in a polymer production rate of the polymerization zone;adjusting a flow rate of at least one of the one or more catalyst system components in the feed stream from a first flow rate to a second flow rate, at a location in the feed stream for the at least one of the one or more catalyst system components, based on the one or the combination selected from the group consisting of i), ii), and iii); andintroducing the one or more catalyst system ...

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11-04-2019 дата публикации

IN-FEED HOPPER AND METER FOR CARBON-BASED FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEM

Номер: US20190107329A1
Принадлежит:

A meter for controlling the flow of feedstock from an in-feed hopper to a distillation unit, including a cylindrical roller having a first end, a second end, and an outer diameter, the roller defining a recess that extends helically substantially from the first end to the second end, a sleeve circumscribing a portion of the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller, the sleeve having an open first side that allows the passage of feedstock into the recess of the roller, and an open second side that allows the passage of feedstock out of the recess of the roller as the roller rotates relative to the sleeve, and a housing fixedly attached to the sleeve and capable of attachment to the in-feed hopper and the distillation unit such that feedstock must pass through the housing to get from the in-feed hopper to the distillation unit. 1. A meter for controlling the flow of feedstock from an in-feed hopper to a distillation unit , the meter comprising:a cylindrical roller having a first end, a second end, and an outer diameter, the roller defining a recess that extends helically substantially from the first end to the second end;a sleeve circumscribing a portion of the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller, the sleeve having an open first side that allows the passage of feedstock into the recess of the roller, and an open second side that allows the passage of feedstock out of the recess of the roller as the roller rotates relative to the sleeve; anda housing fixedly attached to the sleeve and capable of attachment to the in-feed hopper and the distillation unit such that feedstock must pass through the housing to get from the in-feed hopper to the distillation unit.2. The meter of claim 1 , wherein the meter further comprises:a wear plate having substantially the same length as the roller, and attached to the housing so that an edge of the wear plate is proximate an outer diameter of the roller to shear feedstock extending out of the recess as the roller turns.3. The ...

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28-04-2016 дата публикации

Zeolite production method

Номер: US20160115039A1

Provided is a method for continuous production of zeolite in which a starting material is continuously supplied to a tubular reactor to produce an aluminophosphate zeolite that contains, in the framework structure, at least aluminum atoms and phosphorus atoms or an aluminosilicate zeolite having 5≦SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ≦2000. The tubular reactor is heated using a heat medium; a ratio (volume)/(lateral surface area) of the volume (inner capacity) to the lateral surface area of the tubular reactor is 0.75 cm or smaller; and seed crystals are added to the starting material. Through using a small-diameter tubular reactor and heating with a heat medium, it becomes possible to heat sufficiently the entirety of a starting material (zeolite precursor gel) in a short time, and to allow reaction to proceed at a high rate. The occurrence of irregular pressure fluctuations during continuous production of the zeolite can be prevented by adding seed crystals.

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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Boron recovery apparatus, boron recovery method, and boron recovery system

Номер: US20150118130A1

Disclosed is a boron recovering device including: an aeration-type water-channel reactor including a water channel; at least one aeration unit disposed in the water channel and aerating a boron-containing solution by passing it through the water channel to deposit boron in the form of borax; and a precipitation bath precipitating the deposited borax in the boron-containing solution having passed through the aeration-type water-channel reactor and separating a filtrate by overflowing, a boron recovering device, a method of recovering boron, and a boron recovering system.

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26-04-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE OXIDATION OF STARCH-BASED MATERIALS

Номер: US20180112012A1
Автор: Vezzani Massimo
Принадлежит: Ambiente E Nutrizione S.R.L.

A process for the oxidation of powder materials containing starch, which comprises the successive steps of mixing a powder material comprising starch with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and adding to the mixture thus obtained an aqueous solution of ammonia and reacting it with said mixture; the process may also comprise a further step of drying the aforementioned mixture to obtain a powder material containing oxidized starch; the process may advantageously comprise the steps of:—feeding a continuous flow of powder material containing starch into a first reactor (R) comprising a cylindrical tubular body () and a rotor, arranged in the cylindrical tubular body, comprising a shaft () provided with elements () projecting radially therefrom and rotated at a speed greater than or equal to 50 rpm,—feeding into said reactor also a continuous flow of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide—reacting the powder material containing starch and the hydrogen peroxide;—discharging from a discharge opening () of the first reactor a continuous flow of a wet powder and feeding this continuous flow into a second reactor (R′) comprising a cylindrical tubular body () and a rotor, arranged in the cylindrical tubular body, comprising a shaft () provided with elements () projecting radially therefrom and rotated at a speed greater than or equal to 50 rpm;—feeding into the second reactor (R′) also a continuous flow of an aqueous solution of ammonia,—discharging from a discharge opening () of the second reactor a continuous flow of a wet powder comprising oxidized starch;—drying the wet powder to a moisture content less than or equal to 20% by weight, thereby obtaining a powder material containing oxidized starch. 1. A process for the oxidation of powder materials containing starch , which is carried out in the absence of any metal compounds and which comprises the successive steps of:a) providing a powder material comprising starch;{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) mixing said material ...

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27-04-2017 дата публикации

Method for calcination of a carbon dioxide rich sorbent

Номер: US20170113944A1
Принадлежит: General Electric Technology GmbH

A method for calcination includes providing a heated coarse solid particle stream with a carbon dioxide rich sorbent to a reactor having a rotatable container.

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07-05-2015 дата публикации

Process and system for converting waste to energy without burning

Номер: US20150122243A1
Автор: Terry R. Galloway
Принадлежит: INTELLERGY Inc

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO 2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO 2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery. New methods of carbon-sequestering where the syngas produced by steam/CO 2 reforming can be used in Fischer-Tropsch processes that make high-carbon content compounds while recycling the methane and lighter hydrocarbons back to the reformer to further produce syngas at a higher H 2 /CO ratio.

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07-05-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR LOADING PARTICULATE MATERIAL INTO A NARROW VERTICAL CONTAINER

Номер: US20150122372A1
Принадлежит: PETROVAL

The present invention concerns a process for loading particulate material () into at least one narrow vertical container (′) having an opening to the outside in its bottom part, which comprises inducing an upflow of air through said container, and loading said particulate material into the container from the upper part thereof in such a way that said particulate material falls downwardly counter currently to said upflow of air. 1. A process for loading particulate material into at least one narrow vertical container having an opening to the outside in its bottom part , wherein said process comprises inducing an upflow of air through said container , and loading said particulate material into the container from the upper part thereof in such a way that said particulate material falls downwardly counter currently to said upflow of air , wherein no physical device or air-supplying conduit is present inside the inner section of the container to be filled when the particulate material is loaded , and said upflowing air is sourced from the bottom opening of the container and is induced by sucking air from the upper part of the container using a vacuum system.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the air is sucked from the top of the container claim 1 , using a vacuum system which is connected to the top exit of the container.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the upflow of air induced through the container during the loading of the particulate material is controlled during the whole loading operation claim 1 , to keep the impact velocity of the particles constant.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the upflow of air induced through the container during the loading of the particulate material is controlled during the whole loading operation claim 1 , to keep the impact velocity of the particles at a mean value that ranges from 1 m/s to 10 m/s.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of particles supplied to the container over time is ...

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13-05-2021 дата публикации

ACRYLIC ACID, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THEREOF

Номер: US20210139402A1
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are methods of producing acrylic acid from beta-propiolactone. Such methods may involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite. 1. A method of producing acrylic acid from beta-propiolactone , comprising:combining beta-propiolactone, a zeolite, and a polymerization inhibitor; andproducing acrylic acid from at least a portion of the beta-propiolactone.2. The method of claim 1 , the zeolite is an acidic zeolite.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is Zeolite Y or Zeolite ZSM-5 claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization inhibitor is phenothiazine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-propiolactone is provided at a rate of less than 1.5 g/min.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the beta-propiolactone is provided at a rate of between 0.75 g/min and 1.25 g/min.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid produced is continuously isolated.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid is produced at a yield of at least 50%.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid is produced at a temperature of between 170° C. and 200° C.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-propiolactone claim 1 , the polymerization inhibitor claim 1 , and the zeolite are further combined with a solvent.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent comprises a polar aprotic solvent.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent comprises sulfolane.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid produced has a purity of greater than 95%.14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating acrylic acid.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the acrylic acid is isolated by distillation.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-propiolactone is produced from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide.17. A method of producing a superabsorbent polymer claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'polymerizing acrylic acid produced according to the method of ...

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07-05-2015 дата публикации

ROTARY DISC DEVICE IN A ROTARY FLUIDISED BED AND METHOD USING SAID DEVICE

Номер: US20150123039A1
Автор: DE BROQUEVILLE Axel
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a rotary disc device () in a rotary fluidised bed, the outer edge of said disc rotating inside, and faster than, the fluidised bed, thereby allowing: the rotation speed of the fluidised bed to be accelerated, solid particles and/or micro-droplets to be supplied to the fluidised bed or to the free central area, and different annular areas of the fluidised bed to be separated. The invention also relates to methods for transforming solid particles or micro-droplets on contact with the fluids flowing through the rotary fluidised bed or for transforming fluids on contact with solids in suspension in the rotary fluidised bed, using said device. 21516. The device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the square of the ratio between the surface area of the circular wall () and the sum of the surface areas of said injection openings () is greater than 200 times the ratio between the mean diameter of the circular chamber claim 1 , D claim 1 , and the mean diameter of the solid particles claim 1 , d claim 1 , multiplied by the ratio between the mean density of the fluid claim 1 , ρf claim 1 , and the mean density of the solids claim 1 , ρs.39616. The device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the mean distance () between said injection openings () is less than one twentieth of the mean diameter claim 1 , D claim 1 , of said circular chamber claim 1 , and in that the hourly mass flow rate of the fluids passing through the rotary fluidized bed is greater than 200 times the mass of said rotary fluidized bed when the device is in operation.4202111. The device according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least one tube () for feeding solids claim 1 , optionally entrained by a fluid or in solution in a fluid () claim 1 , in the vicinity of the central axis () claim 1 , against the rotary disk ().5626111531152016061. The device according to claim 4 , characterized in that the annular space () between the outer rim () of said ...

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09-04-2020 дата публикации

Use of Turbidimeter for Measurement of Solid Catalyst System Component in a Reactor Feed

Номер: US20200110027A1
Принадлежит:

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream. 1. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system , comprising:(a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system; and(b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream comprises using a calibration curve with known solid component concentration values as a function of measured turbidity.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream further comprises subtracting a background signal from the measured turbidity of the reactor feed stream.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream comprises passing at least a portion of the feed stream through a turbidimeter claim ...

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05-05-2016 дата публикации

Process for Loading Ceramic Spheres into a Vertical Reactor

Номер: US20160121288A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for loading ceramic spheres into a vertical reactor. The process comprises introducing into the reactor along a substantial height thereof a feeding pipe that is opened at its bottom part. According to the invention, no physical device or air-supplying conduit is present inside the inner section of the feeding pipe. The process allows for rapid, safe and efficient loading, without breakage of the particles. 2. The process of the claim 1 , wherein the rate of upflowing air and/or nitrogen is controlled by adjusting the amount of air and/or nitrogen that is allowed to flow to the vacuum system.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said feeding pipe is vertical or has an angle of inclination with regard to vertical of at most 10 degrees.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said feeding pipe is straight over its whole length.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the impact velocity of the spheres is monitored so that it remains at a mean value that is less than 10 m/s claim 1 , and preferably less than 6 m/s.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mean net velocity or the spheres at the exit of the feeding pipe is controlled by controlling the rate of upflowing air and/or nitrogen.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feeding pipe is introduced into the reactor so that a distance (d) between the lower exit of the pipe and the bottom of the reactor or the top of the bed of ceramic spheres in the ease of a partially loaded container is at most 2 m.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the distance is at most 1 m.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor has an internal height ranging from 5 to 40 m or higher.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feeding pipe) is rigid or semi-rigid.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor has an internal diameter ranging from 0.5 m to 5 m.12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the reactor has an internal diameter ranging from 2 to 5 m.13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is ...

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03-05-2018 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED SOLIDS DISTRIBUTOR

Номер: US20180117556A1
Автор: FOSHEE Robert Todd
Принадлежит:

A solids distributor () comprising: a solids standpipe (); a gas line (); a solids transfer line () in fluid communication with the solids standpipe () and the gas line (); and a distributor () in fluid communication with the solids transfer line (). A solids distributor system comprising the a vessel and the solids distributor () and a method of distributing fluidized solids. 1. A solids distributor comprising:a solids standpipe;a gas line;a solids transfer line in fluid communication with the solids standpipe and the gas line; anda distributor in fluid communication with the solids transfer line.2. The solids distributor of claim 1 , wherein the solids distributor comprises a spent catalyst distributor.3. The solids distributor of claim 1 , wherein the distributor comprises a center conduit and one or more arms.4. The solids distributor of claim 3 , wherein the distributor comprises four arms.5. The solids distributor of claim 3 , wherein the arms comprise open ends.6. The solids distributor of claim 3 , wherein the arms each comprise a slot.7. The solids distributor of claim 5 , wherein the slot has a tapered geometry.8. A solids distributor system comprising:a vessel and a solids standpipe;', 'a gas line;', 'a solids transfer line in fluid communication with the solids standpipe and the gas line; and', 'a distributor in fluid communication with the solids transfer line., 'a solids distributor disposed within the vessel, wherein the solids distributor comprises9. The solids distributor system of claim 8 , wherein the solids distributor comprises a spent catalyst distributor.10. The solids distributor system of claim 8 , wherein the distributor comprises a center conduit and one or more arms.11. The solids distributor system of claim 10 , wherein the distributor comprises four arms.12. The solids distributor system of claim 10 , wherein the arms comprise open ends.13. The solids distributor system of claim 10 , wherein the arms each comprise a slot.14. The solids ...

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07-05-2015 дата публикации

APPARATUSES FOR STRIPPING GASEOUS HYDROCARBONS FROM PARTICULATE MATERIAL AND PROCESSES FOR THE SAME

Номер: US20150126356A1
Принадлежит:

Apparatuses and processes are provided for stripping gaseous hydrocarbons from particulate material. One process comprises the step of contacting particles containing hydrocarbons with a stripping vapor in countercurrent flow to remove at least a portion of the hydrocarbons with the stripping vapor to form stripped particles. Contacting the particles includes advancing the particles down a sloping element of a structured packing toward a reinforcing rod that is disposed along a lower channel portion of the sloping element. The particles are advanced over the reinforcing rod. The particles are contacted with the stripping vapor that is rising up adjacent to the lower channel portion. 1. An apparatus for stripping gaseous hydrocarbons from particulate material , the apparatus comprising:a structured packing configured for passage of a stripping vapor and particles that contain hydrocarbons in countercurrent contacting flow to remove at least a portion of the hydrocarbons with the stripping vapor to form stripped particles, the structured packing comprising:a first formed strip comprising a sloping element that has a lower channel portion and an inclined sheet portion that extends generally upward from the lower channel portion; anda reinforcing rod disposed along the lower channel portion.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing rod is recessed relative to the sloping element.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first formed strip comprises first alternating segments that define a first vertical element that has a first upper portion and a first lower portion claim 1 , wherein the first alternating segments each have a first upper sloping element extending from the first upper portion at a first incline to the first vertical element claim 1 , wherein the first upper sloping elements of adjacent segments of the first alternating segments are angular to each other claim 1 , wherein the first upper sloping elements each have a first lower channel ...

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04-05-2017 дата публикации

PLUG FLOW REACTOR WITH INTERNAL RECIRCULATION FLUIDIZED BED

Номер: US20170120211A1
Принадлежит:

A reactor comprises an outer sidewall and a bottom wall enclosing a hollow chamber comprising a lower fluidized bed zone and an upper freeboard zone. A plurality of inlets is provided for injecting at least one fluidizing medium into the fluidized bed zone and creating a swirling flow. At least one feed inlet communicates with the fluidized bed zone; and at least one product outlet is provided for removing a product from the chamber, the outlet(s) communicating with either the fluidized bed zone or the freeboard zone. The reactor has at least one internal barrier located inside the hollow chamber, and at least partly located in the fluidized bed zone. The internal barrier(s) have at least one opening within the fluidized bed zone, such as an underflow opening, to permit internal recirculation of material from the product zone to the feed zone, thereby simplifying reactor structure. 1. A reactor comprising:an outer sidewall and a bottom wall enclosing a hollow chamber in the form of a closed loop for circulation of a fluidized bed, the hollow chamber comprising a lower fluidized bed zone and an upper freeboard zone, wherein the outer sidewall has a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a central axis;a plurality of fluidizing medium inlets for injection of at least one fluidizing medium into the fluidized bed zone, wherein the fluidizing medium inlets comprise gas and/or liquid injectors which are directed in a direction of the swirling fluid flow and which are adapted to create a circumferential, swirling flow of material in the fluidized bed zone;at least one feed inlet communicating with the fluidized bed zone;at least one product outlet for removing a product from the chamber, wherein the at least one product outlet communicates with either the fluidized bed zone or the freeboard zone; andat least one internal barrier located inside the hollow chamber and at least partly located in the fluidized bed zone, wherein each said internal barrier is positioned to ...

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25-04-2019 дата публикации

A REACTOR COMPRISING A NOZZLE FOR CLEANING FLUID, A KIT AND A METHOD

Номер: US20190118151A1
Принадлежит: Spinchem AB

The invention refers to a reactor and a method respectively for performing, by means of solid reaction members, a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media, and a subsequent cleaning of the reactor, said reactor comprising a vessel () in which a transformation device () has been mounted. The invention also refers to a reactor kit comprising such reactor. The reactor comprises at least one nozzle () arranged on the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel (). The at least one nozzle () is arranged to direct a flow of a cleaning fluid (CF) in a direction towards a longitudinal centre axis (L) of a flow distributor () arranged in the vessel (). 2. A reactor according to claim 1 , in which the reactor comprises a plurality of nozzles claim 1 , the plurality of nozzles being distributed along the circumference and/or along the longitudinal extension of the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel claim 1 , and wherein the plurality of nozzles are arranged to direct a flow of a cleaning fluid in a direction towards the longitudinal centre axis of the flow distributor.311. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the nozzle(s) is/are supported by one or several supports arranged to extend in the longitudinal direction along the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel ().4. A reactor according to claim 3 , wherein the one or several supports form part of an insert.5. A reactor according to claim 3 , wherein each support comprises two or more nozzles distributed along the longitudinal extension of the support claim 3 , and wherein two adjacent nozzles are arranged to provide a longitudinally and continuously uniform spray pattern.6. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein an inner wall of the vessel comprises means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress in any of the two rotary directions along said inner wall.7. A reactor according to claim 6 , wherein said means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress is ...

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16-04-2020 дата публикации

Upgraded ebullated bed reactor with no recycle buildup of asphaltenes in vacuum bottoms

Номер: US20200115643A1

An ebullated bed hydroprocessing system is upgraded using a dual catalyst system that includes a heterogeneous catalyst and dispersed metal sulfide particles, which permits recycling of vacuum bottoms without recycle buildup of asphaltenes. The dual catalyst system more effectively converts asphaltenes in the ebullated bed reactor and increases asphaltene conversion by an amount that at least offsets higher asphaltene concentration resulting from recycling of vacuum bottoms. In this way, there is no recycle buildup of asphaltenes in upgraded ebullated bed reactor notwithstanding recycling of vacuum bottoms. In addition, residual dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles in the vacuum bottoms can maintain or increase the concentration of the dispersed metal sulfide catalyst in the ebullated bed reactor.

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12-05-2016 дата публикации

FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20160129413A1
Принадлежит:

Methods and FCC apparatuses are provided for cracking hydrocarbons. An FCC apparatus includes a riser with a riser outlet positioned within a reactor catalyst collection area. A stripper is coupled to the reactor catalyst collection area, where the riser extends through the stripper, and where the stripper includes a stripper exterior wall. A sleeve is positioned within the stripper between the riser and the stripper exterior wall. 1. A fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising:a riser comprising a riser outlet;a reactor catalyst collection area, wherein the riser outlet is positioned within the reactor catalyst collection area;a stripper coupled to the reactor catalyst collection area, wherein the riser extends through the stripper, and wherein the stripper comprises a stripper exterior wall; anda sleeve positioned within the stripper between the riser and the stripper exterior wall.2. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of further comprising:a refractory material positioned between the sleeve and the stripper exterior wall.3. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of further comprising:a ceramic fiber blanket positioned between the sleeve and the stripper exterior wall.4. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of further comprising:a purge inlet positioned between the sleeve and the stripper exterior wall.5. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of further comprising:a steam supply fluidly coupled to the purge inlet.6. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of further comprising:a barrier wall affixed to the stripper exterior wall such that the barrier wall and the sleeve define a sleeve bottom gap; anda purge outlet defined in the barrier wall.7. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of further comprising:a purge outlet positioned between the sleeve and the stripper exterior wall.8. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of wherein the sleeve is affixed to the reactor catalyst collection area.9. The fluid catalytic cracking apparatus of wherein the ...

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10-05-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HORIZONTAL FLOW ADSORBER AND DIVIDING WALL MODULE FOR USE IN SAID METHOD

Номер: US20180126319A1
Принадлежит:

The method serves for producing a horizontal through flow adsorber with two adsorbents which contains two immediately adjacent packings in a horizontal or vertical container. Between the two packings there is a vertical interface. In a step (a) a vertical dividing wall is positioned on the bottom of the adsorption bed and then on each side of the dividing wall one of the two adsorbents is charged up to a first height that does not exceed the upper edge of the separating ring. In the following step (b) the vertical dividing wall is displaced upwardly until the lower edge thereof is still placed in the existing packing. Then, on each side of the dividing wall one of the two adsorbents is charged up to a second height that does not exceed the upper edge of the displaced dividing wall. Finally, step (b) is repeated until a predetermined filling height is achieved. According to the invention, the vertical dividing wall is composed of at least three dividing wall modules () that extend only over a part of the length or of the periphery of the vertical dividing wall and are movable in a vertical direction independently of one another. 1. The method for producing a horizontal through flow adsorber with two adsorbents which contains two immediately adjacent packings in a horizontal or vertical container , wherein there is a vertical interface between the two packings , and wherein a first packing contains a first adsorbent and a second packing contains a second adsorbent that differs from the first adsorbent in the chemical composition and/or particle size thereof , wherein , in the method(a) a vertical dividing wall is positioned on the bottom of the adsorption bed and then on each side of the dividing wall one of the two adsorbents is charged up to a first height that does not exceed the upper edge of the dividing wall,(b) the vertical dividing wall is displaced upwardly until the lower edge thereof is still placed in the existing packing, and on each side of the dividing ...

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01-09-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LOADING CATALYST

Номер: US20220274078A1
Автор: BRENNOM Stephen
Принадлежит:

According to embodiments, an apparatus for distributing solid particles into a tube includes a center member and a plurality of damper members connected to the center member. Each damper member includes a loop extending away from the center member. Each loop is arranged on the center member extending from a first position on the center member to a second position on the center member different from the first position in a longitudinal direction of the center member. 1. An apparatus for distributing solid particles into a tube , comprising:a center member; anda plurality of damper members connected to the center member, wherein:each damper member includes a loop extending away from the center member, andeach loop is arranged on the center member extending from a first position on the center member to a second position on the center member different from the first position in a longitudinal direction of the center member.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each damper member is formed from a number of separate elements equal to n+1 claim 1 , where n is the number of loops in the damper member.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein each element includes:a locking portion having a first lock opening and a second lock opening, andan elongated portion.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the elongated portion of a first element extends through the first lock opening of the first element and into the second lock opening of a second element.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the elongated portion of the first element extends from the locking portion and through the first lock opening to form an attachment loop around the center member.6. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the orientation of each damper member can be rotationally adjusted relative to one another to provide a coverage area in the tube to reduce an average falling velocity of the solid particles in the tube to a desired magnitude.7. The apparatus according ...

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19-05-2016 дата публикации

COLLECTOR PIPE FOR A RADIAL REACTOR COMPRISING SOLID FILLETS

Номер: US20160136602A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

This invention relates to a collector pipe () that is permeable to a gaseous fluid and impermeable to catalyst particles, with an approximately cylindrical shape extending along an approximately vertical axis having a first surface that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second surface opposite the first surface, the pipe containing a plurality of shaped vertical wires () having a first face () that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second face () opposite the first face (), the shaped wires () being integral with a plurality of horizontal support rings () by their second face (), the shaped wires () and the support rings () defining a plurality of openings. 18111213121114131114815111115. Collector pipe () that is permeable to a gaseous fluid and impermeable to catalyst particles , with an approximately cylindrical shape extending along an approximately vertical axis having a first surface that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second surface opposite the first surface , the pipe comprising a plurality of shaped vertical wires () having a first face () that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second face () opposite the first face () , the shaped wires () being integral with a plurality of horizontal support rings () by their second face () , the shaped wires () and the support rings () defining a plurality of openings , characterized in that the pipe () further comprises a plurality of solid fillets () , impermeable to gaseous fluid and to particles , which are integral with the first face of the shaped wires () and/or placed and held between two vertical wires () , and in that the solid fillets () form an angle of inclination a in relation to the horizontal of between 10° and 90°.215. Collector pipe according to claim 1 , wherein the total surface occupied by the solid fillets () is between 1 and 30% of the total surface developed by the pipe claim 1 , preferably between 2 and 20% of the total ...

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19-05-2016 дата публикации

Collector pipe for a radial-bed reactor

Номер: US20160136605A1
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

This invention relates to a collector pipe ( 8 ) that is permeable to a gaseous fluid and able to retain particles having a dimension that is greater than a minimum dimension, in which the cross-section of said pipe is a convex polygon having at least three sides.

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28-05-2015 дата публикации

DISTRIBUTION OF SOLID PARTICLES IN A REACTOR

Номер: US20150144223A1
Принадлежит: TOTAL RAFFINAGE CHIMIE

The invention relates to a system () for distributing solid particles in order to load an enclosure with solid particles, including: a device () for supporting a device () for loading solid particles, said supporting device being arranged such as to maintain the loading device in the enclosure, and a sensor-supporting device (), said sensor () intended for collecting information on the loading of the enclosure, and in which the system for distributing solid particles is arranged such that the supporting device and the sensor-supporting device can be mounted on the device for loading solid particles, while being movable relative to said loading device. 1. A solid particle distribution system for charging a chamber with solid particles comprising:a retention device for a charging device for solid particles, this retention device being arranged so as to ensure the retention of the charging device in the chamber anda sensor support device, the sensor being intended to acquire information relating to the charging of the chamber,and whereinthe solid particle distribution system is arranged so that the retention device and the sensor support device can be mounted on the solid particle charging device whilst being able to be moved relative to this charging device.2. The distribution system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:a support element which is fixedly joined to the charging device and which is arranged so as to support the retention device and/or the sensor support device so that the retention device and/or the sensor support device can slide along this support element.3. The distribution system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the support element comprises a circular ring.4. The distribution system as claimed in claim 2 , further comprisinga fixing plate which is fixedly joined to the retention device and/or to the sensor support device and which is mounted so as to slide on the support element.5. The distribution system as claimed in claim 2 , further ...

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03-06-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PRODUCING A COMPOSITE PRODUCT

Номер: US20210167364A1
Принадлежит:

A method of producing a composite product is provided. The method includes providing a fluidized bed of metal oxide particles in a fluidized bed reactor, providing a catalyst or catalyst precursor in the fluidized bed reactor, providing a carbon source in the fluidized bed reactor for growing carbon nanotubes, growing carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube growth zone of the fluidized bed reactor, and collecting a composite product comprising metal oxide particles and carbon nanotubes. 1. A system for use in producing a composite product , said system comprising:a fluidized bed reactor comprising an amount of metal oxide particles contained therein, the fluidized bed including an outlet;a catalyst or catalyst precursor source in fluid communication with the fluidized bed reactor to provide a flow of catalyst or catalyst precursor in the fluidized bed reactor; anda carrier gas source in fluid communication with the fluidized bed to carry a composite product comprising metal oxide particles and carbon nanotubes grown in the fluidized bed.2. The system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising a first injector coupled in fluid communication with the catalyst or catalyst precursor source claim 1 , and extending such that the flow of the catalyst or catalyst precursor is discharged into a nanotube growth zone in the fluidized bed reactor.3. The system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising a second injector coupled in fluid communication with the carrier gas source claim 1 , and extending such that the flow of carrier gas discharged therefrom transports the carbon nanotubes grown in the nanotube growth zone toward the outlet.4. The system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising a metal oxide particle source coupled in operable communication with an inlet of the fluidized bed reactor claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particle source is configured to selectively replenish the metal oxide particles in the fluidized bed reactor.5. The system in ...

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09-05-2019 дата публикации

New cyclic metal deactivation unit design for fcc catalyst deactivation

Номер: US20190134589A1
Принадлежит: BASF Corp

A cyclic metals deactivation system unit for the production of equilibrium catalyst materials including a cracker vessel configured for cracking and stripping a catalyst material; and a regenerator vessel in fluid communication with the cracker vessel, the regenerator vessel configured for regeneration and steam deactivation of the catalyst material.

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30-04-2020 дата публикации

WITHDRAWAL SYSTEM

Номер: US20200129944A1
Автор: EVANS MARTIN, FISHER Rick

A withdrawal system for withdrawing particulate matter from a high-temperature unit of a high-temperature industrial process is disclosed. The withdrawal system comprises a material storage silo that comprises a vent line containing a first vent valve, one or more temperature sensors to measure temperature of the particulate matter in the material transfer line, and a controller that receives output measurements from the one or more temperature sensors to monitor and control flow of the particulate matter. The system does not contain a receiving vessel located in the material transfer line between the high-temperature unit and the material storage silo. 1. A withdrawal system for withdrawing particulate matter from a high-temperature unit of a high-temperature industrial process , said withdrawal system comprising:(a) a material storage silo that comprises a vent line containing a first vent valve;(b) a material transfer line that connects the high-temperature unit to the material storage silo;(c) one or more temperature sensors to measure temperature of the material transfer line; and(d) a controller that receives output measurements from the one or more temperature sensors to monitor and control flow of the particulate matter,wherein the withdrawal system does not contain a receiving vessel located in the material transfer line between the high-temperature unit and the material storage silo.2. The withdrawal system of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger connected to the material transfer line between the high-temperature unit and the material storage silo.3. The withdrawal system of claim 2 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises:(a) a structure comprising a rectangular frame;(b) piping that is supported by the rectangular frame and completes at least one circumference around the rectangular frame, wherein the piping is supported to the frame on a series of moving supports, and the piping comprises a piping inlet end and a piping outlet end, and the ...

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08-09-2022 дата публикации

SINGLE AND MULTIPLE TURBULENT/FAST FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS IN NCC PROCESS FOR MAXIMIZING AROMATICS PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220282164A1
Автор: KASHYAP Mayank
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods for producing aromatics are disclosed. A feed stream comprising naphtha is flowed into a reaction unit comprising a fast fluidized bed reactor coupled to and in fluid communication with a riser reactor. The fast fluidized bed reactor is adapted to enable backmixing therein to maximize the production of aromatics. The effluent from the fast fluidized bed reactor is further flowed to the riser reactor. The lift gas, which can comprise nitrogen, methane, flue gas, or combinations thereof, is injected in the reaction unit via a sparger. The effluent of the riser reactor is separated in a product separation unit to produce a product stream comprising light olefins and spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is further stripped by a stripping gas comprising methane, nitrogen, flue gas, or combinations thereof. The stripped spent catalyst is regenerated to produce regenerated catalyst, which is subsequently flowed to the fast fluidized bed reactor. 1. A method of producing an aromatic , the method comprising:contacting, in a fast fluidized bed reactor, naphtha with catalyst particles of a fast-fluidized bed having a superficial gas velocity (SGV) in a range of 1 to 6.5 m/s and under first reaction conditions sufficient to produce a first product comprising one or more aromatics;flowing effluent of the fast fluidized bed reactor to a riser reactor, the effluent of the fast fluidized bed reactor comprising (1) unreacted hydrocarbons of the naphtha, (2) the first product, and (3) the catalyst particles; andcontacting, in the riser reactor, the unreacted hydrocarbons of the naphtha, the first product, and the at least some of the catalyst particles under second reaction conditions sufficient to produce a second product comprising one or more aromatics.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first reaction conditions include a reaction temperature in the fast fluidized bed reactor of 690 to 710° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first reaction conditions ...

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26-05-2016 дата публикации

UTILIZATION OF GASSES FOR POLYMERIC MATERIALS FRAGMENTATION AND ACTIVATION AND RELATED DEVICE

Номер: US20160145408A1
Автор: Vainer Michael
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to utilising gasses for fragmenting polymeric materials and simultaneously modifying the surface area molecular structure of the said polymeric materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and associated device for the processing of already preliminarily deformed polymeric materials, preferably without metal reinforcing elements, by utilising aggressive gasses to both modify the polymeric materials surface area into an activated state and also simultaneously fragment the fed preliminarily deformed polymeric materials into a powder-like form with a relatively increased surface area. 2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the aggressive gasses are fed with or without a catalyst for the gas-solid reactions.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein feeding aggressive gasses includes controlling the volume of aggressive gas in the reaction chamber by respective application of a partial or full vacuum or admission of air.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the simultaneous polymeric material fragmentation and activation occurs at standard atmospheric pressure and room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ozone gas component utilization is a maximum of 4 grams of ozone per 1 kilogram of said preliminarily deformed polymeric material by weight.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ozone gas component flow rate is a minimal of 1 liter per minute of ozone for every 10 liters of vessel volume.7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials being placed into the vessel are of size 5 millimeters or smaller.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials do not contain metal reinforcing elements.9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials are processed in separate batches according to the hardness of the said ...

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24-05-2018 дата публикации

Device and Method for Loading Pellets

Номер: US20180141016A1
Принадлежит: Tubemaster, Inc.

A device and method for loading pellets. A funnel includes a means for loading pellets into a reactor tube, and a means for quickly and easily measuring the elevation of pellets in the reactor tube while the reactor tube is being loaded. A vacuum-assist device may be used to pick up and transfer a desired volume of porous pellets while removing dust from the porous pellets. 1. A funnel for loading pellets into a vertical reactor tube in a chemical reactor to a desired elevation , wherein the vertical reactor tube has an inside diameter and extends downwardly from a horizontal upper tube sheet , comprising:a vertical conduit having an outside diameter and an inside diameter and defining an upper inlet opening and a lower outlet opening;a sloping wall extending upwardly and outwardly from said vertical conduit;a stop surface spaced above said vertical conduit and defining a cable opening;a movable cable extending through said cable opening and having a distal end below said stop surface and a proximal end above said stop surface; andat least a first stop secured to said cable above said stop surface, wherein said movable cable can be lowered through said cable opening until said first stop abuts said stop surface, thereby limiting the distance said cable can be lowered into said vertical conduit.238. A funnel as recited in claim 1 , and further comprising an inwardly projecting ledge at said upper inlet opening of said vertical conduit claim 1 , which restricts said upper inlet opening such that said upper inlet opening has a smaller diameter than the rest of said vertical conduit.3. A funnel as recited in claim 2 , wherein said stop surface is fixed relative to said vertical conduit.4. A funnel as recited in claim 3 , and further comprising a weight at said distal end of said cable.5. A funnel as recited in claim 4 , wherein said sloping wall defines an upwardly concave recess for holding a quantity of pellets.6. A method for loading porous pellets claim 4 , ...

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