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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 5368. Отображено 100.
19-01-2012 дата публикации

Multiphase contact and distribution apparatus for hydroprocessing

Номер: US20120014847A1
Автор: Abdenour Kemoun, Craig Boyak, Krishniah Parimi, Ralph E. Killen, Steve Souers, Steven X. Song, Zackory Akin
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

Systems and apparatus for mixing, cooling, and distributing multiphase fluid mixtures within a reactor, wherein reactor internal apparatus of the present invention provides not only improved fluid mixing and distribution to each underlying catalyst bed surface, but also offers other advantages including: decreased mixing tray height; easier maintenance, assembly and disassembly; and decreased amounts of fabrication material. In an embodiment, fluid may be evenly distributed to a catalyst bed from a fluid distribution unit comprising a nozzle tray including a plurality of nozzles, wherein the nozzles include at least one liquid inlet disposed tangentially to an inner surface of the nozzle.

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Номер записи: 1
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Hydrogenation Process for Fluorocarbons

Номер: US20120134892A1
Автор: Gus Cerri, Haluk Kopkalli, Hsueh Sung Harry Tung, Orlando George Rodrigues, Stephen A. Cottrell, Yuon Chiu
Принадлежит: Honeywell International Inc

Disclosed is a process and apparatus for the catalytic hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins to fluorocarbons where the reaction is carried out in a multi-tube shell and tube reactor. Reactions involving hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins are typically exothermic. In commercial processes where a fluoro-olefin C n H 2n-x F x to C n H 2n-x2 F x is hydrogenated (e.g., hexafluoropropylene to 236ea, 1225ye to 245eb, and the like), inadequate management or control of heat removal may induce excess hydrogenation, decomposition and hot spots resulting in reduced yields and potential safety issues. In the hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins, it is therefore necessary to control the reaction temperature as precisely as practical to overcome challenges associated with heat management and safety.

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Номер записи: 2
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Process

Номер: US20120136165A1
Автор: Basudeb Saha, David C. Sherrington, Krzysztof Ambroziak, Rene Mbeleck
Принадлежит: SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY ENTERPRISES LTD

The present invention provides a continuous process for the epoxidation of an olefinic compound with an oxidant, which process comprises reaction of an olefinic compound with an oxidant in the presence of a catalyst in an apparatus that comprises a reactive distillation column, which column comprises (i) a reactive section, which comprises the catalyst (ii) a rectifying section situated above the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of reagents and/or by-products from products (ix) a stripping section situated below the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of product from reagents and/or by-products (x) a vessel situated below the stripping section and adapted to provide a source of heat for the column and in which initial vaporisation of one or more of the reagents can occur, wherein the temperature in the reactive section (i) is a temperature at which the reaction between the olefinic compound and the oxidant takes place and the temperature in the stripping section (iii) is higher than the temperature in the rectifying section (ii).

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Номер записи: 3
14-06-2012 дата публикации

Artificial cell constructs for cellular manipulation

Номер: US20120148676A1
Автор: Steven R. Little
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention contemplates induction of immunological tolerance thereby providing permanent allogcaft acceptance. This method obviates the need for a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressive agents which can increase the risk of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Immunological tolerance is thought to be mediated by regulatory T lymphocytes (T reg cells) with immunosuppressive capabilities. A therapeutically relevant platform comprising artificial constructs are contemplated comprising numerous soluble and surface bound T reg cell stimulating factors that may induce tolerance following allograft transplantation. Such artificial constructs, being the size of a cell, have surface bound monoclonal antibodies specific to regulatory T-cell surface moieties and encapsulated soluble regulatory T-cell modulating factors.

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Номер записи: 4
28-06-2012 дата публикации

Shaped catalyst units

Номер: US20120160368A1
Автор: Alejandro Martin Antonini, Mark Mckenna
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A catalyst unit suitable for loading into a tube in a reactor includes a plurality of catalyst particles incorporated within a removable solid matrix, said unit in the form of an elongate body in which the particles are packed together such that the volume shrinkage upon removal of the removable matrix is ≦20%. The catalyst particles preferably comprise one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Fe and Co in oxidic or reduced form. The units are particularly suitable for loading catalyst into tubes in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

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Номер записи: 5
28-06-2012 дата публикации

Apparatus for producing trichlorosilane and method for producing trichlorosilane

Номер: US20120164053A1
Автор: Mitsutoshi Narukawa
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Materials Corp

An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane in which metallurgical grade silicon powder supplied to a reactor is reacted with hydrogen chloride gas while being fluidized by the hydrogen chloride gas, thereby discharging trichlorosilane generated by the reaction from the reactor, includes: a plurality of gas flow controlling members which are installed along a vertical direction in an annular shape R from an inner peripheral wall of the reactor in an internal space of the reactor; and a heat transfer tube which is installed along the vertical direction in the annular space R and through which a heating medium passes.

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Номер записи: 6
20-09-2012 дата публикации

Split Flow Contactor

Номер: US20120237434A1
Автор: David P. Mann, Kenneth L. Blanchard
Принадлежит: Kellogg Brown and Root LLC

Systems and methods for contacting a liquid, gas, and/or a multi-phase mixture with particulate solids. The system can include a body having a first head and a second head disposed thereon. Two or more discrete fixed beds can be disposed across a cross-section of the body. One or more unobstructed fluid flow paths can bypass each fixed bed, and one or more baffles can be disposed between the fixed beds.

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Номер записи: 7
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for catalytic and thermochemical reactions

Номер: US20120269709A1
Автор: Hristo Sapoundjiev
Принадлежит: Canada Minister of Natural Resources

The invention relates to a hybrid reverse flow catalytic apparatus having two reaction zones: a homogeneous reaction zone in porous ceramic and a heterogeneous reaction zone with catalyst, arranged in two different catalyst beds. A first catalytic bed located in a central region of the reactor is provided with a low activity catalyst and a second catalyst bed located in a peripheral region of the reactor is provided with a high activity catalyst. The provision of two catalyst beds containing different catalysts reduces the effect of radial temperature gradients in the reactor and improves the overall efficiency of the reactor. The invention also relates to method of performing catalytic and thermochemical reactions in said apparatus.

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Номер записи: 8
01-11-2012 дата публикации

Vessel For Containing Catalyst In A Tubular Reactor

Номер: US20120277331A1
Автор: Brendon Bruce Miller, Timothy Douglas Gamlin
Принадлежит: Davy Process Technology Ltd

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a radial tube reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: an annular container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a perforated inner wall defining a tube, a perforated outer wall, a top surface closing the annular container and a bottom surface closing the annular container; a surface closing the bottom of said tube formed by the inner wall of the annular container; a skirt extending upwardly from the perforated outer wall of the annular container from a position at or near the bottom surface of said container to a position below the location of a seal; and a seal located at or near the top surface and extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond an outer surface of the skirt.

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Номер записи: 9
03-01-2013 дата публикации

Dual riser catalytic cracking process for making middle distillate and lower olefins

Номер: US20130001131A1
Автор: Ye-Mon Chen
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A dual riser catalytic cracking process for preferentially making middle distillate and lower olefins. The system and process provide for the processing of multiple hydrocarbon feedstocks so as to selectively produce middle distillate boiling range product and lower olefins. The system and process uses two riser reactors, a single vessel for separating the cracked product and cracking catalyst received from both riser reactors, and a regenerator for regenerating coked or spent cracking catalyst.

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Номер записи: 10
07-03-2013 дата публикации

Reactor, toner production method, and toner

Номер: US20130059249A1
Автор: Junichi Watanabe, Kenichi Uehara
Принадлежит: Ricoh Co Ltd

A reactor, which heats a slurry raw material including a solid component, including a reaction tube, wherein the slurry raw material is continuously fed from an end of the reaction tube relative to the central axial direction of the reaction tube so as to be flown toward another end of the reaction tube to be heated; and plural perforated plates arranged in the reaction tube so as to separate the inside of the reaction tube into plural compartments. The reactor satisfies the relations (½)·D′≦D<D′, and 0.2≦S/D′≦5.0, wherein D represents the diameter of each of the perforated plates, D′ represents the inner diameter of the reaction tube, and S represents the interval between any two adjacent perforated plates in the central axial direction of the reaction tube.

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Номер записи: 11
21-03-2013 дата публикации

Method Of Operating A Fluid Bed Reactor

Номер: US20130071293A1
Автор: Andre Peter Steynberg, Berthold Berend Breman, Derk Willem Frederik Brilman
Принадлежит: Individual

Method of operating a three-phase slurry reactor includes feeding at a low level at least one gaseous reactant into a vertically extending slurry body of solid particles suspended in a suspension liquid, the slurry body being contained in at least two vertically extending shafts housed within a common reactor shell, each shaft being divided into a plurality of vertically extending channels at least some of which are in slurry flow communication and the slurry body being present in at least some of the channels. The gaseous reactant is allowed to react as it passes upwardly through the slurry body present in at least some of the channels of the shafts, thereby to form a non-gaseous and/or a gaseous product. Gaseous product, if present, and/or unreacted gaseous reactant is allowed to disengage from the slurry body in a head space above the slurry body.

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Номер записи: 12
11-04-2013 дата публикации

Device for facilitating a chemical reaction

Номер: US20130089473A1
Автор: Leonard House, Todd Schroeter
Принадлежит: Individual

A device 10 for facilitating a chemical reaction includes an upper member 12 having a predetermined configuration, a lower member 14 having a predetermined configuration, and a dissolvable member 16 disposed between and ultimately enclosed by said upper and lower members 12 and 14 such that upper and lower chambers 18 and 20 are formed having substantially equal volumes. The upper chamber 18 ultimately receives a dry sodium chlorite 30 and the lower chamber 20 ultimately receives a dry acid mixture 32, whereupon, the upper and lower members 12 and 14 are joined, thereby sealing the upper and lower chambers 18 and 20 and enabling the joined upper and lower members 12 and 14 to be disposed in water such that said lower member 14 engages the water first. The joined upper and lower members 12 and 14 ultimately swell with absorbed water until all water has been absorbed. The device 10 further includes a holder member 22 for receiving a predetermined quantity of water and the joined upper and lower members 12 and 14, whereby the upper and lower member 12 and 14 configurations cooperate to allow a predetermined quantity of water to engage the dry sodium chlorite 30 and the dry acid mixture 32 to ultimately form slurries to dissolve the dissolvable member 16 to allow the slurries to engage and ultimately react to generate chlorine dioxide gas that ultimately passes through the upper and lower members 12 and 14 and into a space to be disinfected and/or deodorized.

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Номер записи: 13
13-06-2013 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst

Номер: US20130148463A1
Автор: Chad R. Huovie, Daniel R. Johnson, Karthikeyan Paramanandam, Lev Davydov, Lisa M. Wolschlag, Michael S. Sandacz, Mohammad-Reza Mostofi-Ashtiani, Paolo Palmas, Peter J. Van Opdorp, Robert L. Mehlberg, Thomas W. Lorsbach
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A process and apparatus for mixing streams of regenerated and carbonized catalyst involves passing a catalyst stream into and out of a chamber in a lower section of a riser. The chamber fosters mixing of the catalyst streams to reduce their temperature differential before contacting hydrocarbon feed.

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Номер записи: 14
03-10-2013 дата публикации

Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors

Номер: US20130259767A1
Автор: Brian L. Davis, Joseph W. WHITTENBERGER, William A. Whittenberger
Принадлежит: Catacel Corp

A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

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Номер записи: 15
24-10-2013 дата публикации

Tube bundle reactor having a structured packing

Номер: US20130280148A1
Автор: Christoph Steden, Dominic Walter, Frank Castillo-Welter, Rudolf Zeyen
Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

A tubular reactor for carrying out a catalytically supported, homogeneous chemical reaction in the gas phase at an elevated temperature and a subsequent cooling, wherein the reactor is arranged upright, and therefore the tubes extend vertically and the as flows downward through the tubes. The tubes are filled with a catalyst bed in the upper part thereof extending in the reaction zone of the reactor and are filled with a structured packing in the lower part, the cooling zone of the reactor.

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Номер записи: 16
19-12-2013 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for distributing hydrocarbon feed and catalyst

Номер: US20130334101A1
Автор: Sujay R. Krishnamurthy
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A process and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking feeds catalyst to a chamber of a riser. The catalyst exits the chamber and passes through a plenum and into a reaction zone through a plurality of tubes which distribute the catalyst uniformly over a cross section of the reaction zone of the riser. A hydrocarbon feed is fed to the plenum. The hydrocarbon feed passes from the plenum into the reaction zone through a plate comprising a multiplicity of openings which distribute the hydrocarbon feed uniformly over a cross section of the reaction zone of the riser. The feed is contacted with the catalyst in a reaction zone of the riser.

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Номер записи: 17
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Apparatus for Retaining Solid Material in a Radial Flow Reactor and Method of Making

Номер: US20130340229A1
Автор: Michael J. Vetter, Paul A. Sechrist, Quan Yuan
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

An apparatus for use in radial flow reactors is presented. The apparatus includes a first partition and a second partition with support members coupled therebetween. The first partition include a first opening and a second opening to allow the passage of fluid therethrough. A baffle extends into a flow channel formed by adjacent support members to obstruct an upper or lower portion of the first opening to interrupt a portion of the fluid flow therethrough.

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Номер записи: 18
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Regenerative Gas Generator

Номер: US20140041392A1
Автор: Charles Robin Nail
Принадлежит: NW Licensing Co LLC

Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed that overcome the deficiencies of traditional steam engines and internal combustion engines. In an embodiment, a system is disclosed for generating reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system comprises a first chamber including a reactor to decompose hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water vapor. The system further comprises a second chamber including a reactor to catalytically combust a mixture of the generated oxygen and a fuel to generate reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system further comprises a passageway to receive reaction products exiting the second chamber and to channel the reaction products to come into contact with external surfaces of the first and second chambers to thereby transfer heat to the first and second chambers, and an outlet to allow the reaction products to exit the system.

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Номер записи: 19
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Fluid treatment apparatus

Номер: US20140061027A1
Автор: Graham Tyrie, Neil Polwart, Steve Barfield
Принадлежит: Albagaia Ltd

A fluid treatment apparatus comprising: a reactor vessel defining a chamber and having an inlet and an outlet to allow fluid to flow through the chamber; a UV light source adapted to transmit light within the chamber; and a plurality of catalyst members comprising a catalytic outer surface, the catalyst members being freely contained within the chamber, wherein the apparatus is adapted to cause the catalyst members to move around within the chamber as fluid flows through the chamber.

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Номер записи: 20
10-04-2014 дата публикации

Reactive solid/heat-transport gas reactor including a helical duct in which the solid and the gas flow in opposite directions

Номер: US20140096933A1
Автор: Gwennyn Tanguy, Joel Joel Wyttenbach, Philippe Papillon
Принадлежит: Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA

A solid/heat-transport and reactive gas reactor, including: a helical duct including an inlet and an outlet, the helical duct defining a helical bottom track on which a solid reagent can slide from the inlet to the outlet of the helical duct; a mechanism for bringing the solid reagent to the inlet of the helical duct; a mechanism for causing a heat-transport gas to flow in the helical duct, from the outlet to the inlet of the helical duct; a reservoir of solid reagent under the outlet of the helical duct; and a conveyor for conveying the reagent from a low point of the reservoir to the bringing mechanism.

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Номер записи: 21
07-01-2021 дата публикации

Bi-Modal Radial Flow Reactor

Номер: US20210001296A1
Автор: Cameron M. Crager, Vincent dePaul MCGAHEE, William Donald Treleaven
Принадлежит: Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP

A bi-modal radial flow reactor comprising a cylindrical outer housing surrounding at least five cylindrical, concentric zones, including at least three annulus vapor zones and at least two catalyst zones. The at least two catalyst zones comprise an outer catalyst zone and an inner catalyst zone. The at least three annulus vapor zones comprise an outer annulus vapor zone, a middle annulus vapor zone, and a central annulus vapor zone, wherein the central annulus vapor zone extends along a centerline of the bi-modal radial flow reactor. The outer catalyst zone is intercalated with the outer annulus vapor zone and the middle annulus vapor zone, and the inner catalyst zone is intercalated with the middle annulus vapor zone and the central annulus vapor zone. A removable head cover can be fixably coupled to a top of the cylindrical outer housing to seal a top of the bi-modal radial flow reactor.

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Номер записи: 22
05-01-2017 дата публикации

Fluid Solids Contacting Device

Номер: US20170001163A1
Автор: Pretz Matthew T., Sandoval Fermin A., Shaw Don F.
Принадлежит:

A fluid solids contacting device comprising a vessel; one or more grid structures comprising two or more levels, wherein each level comprises a plurality of grid assembly sections; a base formed from structural members used to support the multi-tiered structure; and three or more chairs attached to an inside surface of the vessel and spaced apart to support the base; and wherein the base is supported by the chairs is provided. 1. A fluid solids contacting device comprising:a vessel;a grid structure comprising one or more grid levels, wherein each grid level comprises a plurality of grid assembly sections;a base formed from structural members and on which the grid structure is supported; andthree or more chairs attached to an inside surface of the vessel and spaced apart to support the base; andwherein the base is supported by the chairs.2. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 1 , wherein the base is formed from I-beams and has a central portion which is a closed geometric shape and three or more arms attached at one end to the central portion claim 1 , wherein the arms are spaced substantially at substantially equal distances around a perimeter of the central portion.3. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 1 , wherein each grid assembly section comprises a bottom platform claim 1 , a frame structure extending upward from two opposing sides of the bottom platform claim 1 , wherein each frame structure comprises an optional diagonal support and an optional top guide section configured to accept a bottom platform of a grid assembly section.4. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 3 , wherein the central portion of the base is circular.5. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 3 , wherein the bottom platform comprises one or more of the group consisting of subway grating claim 3 , chevrons a packing structures or other structure that obstructs an open area.6. The fluid solids contacting device according to ...

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Номер записи: 23
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Mixing tee assembly and process

Номер: US20190001283A1
Автор: Charles Jeffrey Witemyre
Принадлежит: Floworks International LLC

A mixing tee assembly suitable for phosphate acid attack reaction is described. The mixing tee assembly comprises an outer pipe having a mixing end and a tee end, wherein a tee structure is formed near the tee end to connect with additional piping; an inner pipe comprising a nozzle end connected to a nozzle and a open end; wherein the inner pipe is lined with a corrosion-resistant material on its inside surface; wherein when the inner pipe is assembled within the outer pipe, the nozzle extends beyond the mixing end of the outer pipe by at least ⅓ of the inside diameter of the outer pipe.

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Номер записи: 24
05-01-2017 дата публикации

Conversion of Metal Carbonate into Metal Chloride

Номер: US20170001875A1
Автор: Krause Ralf, Schmid Guenter, TAROATA Dan
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A method for producing metal chloride MClx− includes reacting metal carbonate in solid form using phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to form metal chloride MClx−, wherein the metal M is selected from the group containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, for example, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cations. An apparatus for performing such method is also disclosed. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , the method comprising:providing phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as solid with the phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to produce metal chloride MCl,'}wherein the metal M is selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x indicates the valence of the metal cation.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding M as an additional reactant.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of:the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate, orphosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared in situ by reaction of chlorine with carbon monoxide.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subsequently reacting the metal chloride to produce metal M.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising reacting the produced metal M at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 4 , to thereby form a metal circuit.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is performed in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosgene claim 1 , diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon monoxide is produced by a reaction of metal carbonate with the metal M and/or from an electrolysis of carbon dioxide.9. An apparatus for reacting metal carbonate as solid with phosgene claim 7 , diphosgene ...

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Номер записи: 25
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Hydrogen gas generating system and method with buffer tank

Номер: US20200002164A1
Автор: Albert Kok Foo Ng, Chin Yang Chia, Yoke Keen YEE
Принадлежит: Galaxy Fct Sdn Bhd

A hydrogen gas generating system that heats a liquid reactant such as water, then channeling the resultant heated reactant to a reaction chamber containing a solid hydride. The chemical reaction between the heated liquid reactant and solid hydride forming hydrogen gas. This hydrogen gas is then filtered and regulated before being stored in a buffer tank. Hydrogen gas from the buffer tank can then be supplied to a fuel cell to produce electricity as and when needed, such as when a battery goes below a predetermined level. The pressure of the buffer tank is measured and used to ascertain when the hydrogen gas generation should start and stop. A pressure and temperature of the reaction chamber is measured as a safety precaution, whereby the reaction will be stopped if the pressure and temperature exceeds predetermined values.

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Номер записи: 26
02-01-2020 дата публикации

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR USING SILICA PARTICLES IN FLUID BED REACTOR

Номер: US20200002271A1
Автор: Akhavan Ali, CHI Yawu T., Cox Matthew D., Kniepmann Celia L., Monical Valerie S., Sutton James
Принадлежит: Ascend Performance Materials Operations LLC

The present disclosure relates to fluid bed processes that utilize silica particles as a fluidization aid. The process comprises reacting one or more reactants in a reactor comprising a fluid bed to form a product. The fluid bed comprises a catalyst composition comprising a catalyst and an inert additive composition comprising silica particles from 0.5 wt % to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition. The silica particles are discrete, inert particles that are mixed with the catalyst in the fluid bed. 1. A process comprising:reacting one or more reactants in a reactor comprising a fluid bed to form a product;wherein the fluid bed comprises a catalyst composition comprising a catalyst and an inert additive composition comprising from 0.5 wt % to 30 wt % of silica particles, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition,wherein the silica particles have an equivalent median particle diameter ranging from 10 microns to 500 microns.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of antimony claim 1 , uranium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , bismuth claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , oxides thereof claim 1 , or salts thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has an equivalent median diameter ranging from 1 microns to 125 microns.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a real density ranging from 1.8 g/cmto 2.8 g/cm claim 1 , and wherein the difference between the density of the silica particles and the catalyst is less than 75%.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a surface area less than 50 m/g claim 1 , and wherein the silica particles have a hardness ranging from 500 to 720 as measured by ASTM E384 (2018).6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a sphericity ranging from 60% to 99.9%7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition further comprises alumina ...

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Номер записи: 27
13-01-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS

Номер: US20220008875A1
Автор: FERNÁNDEZ ZAPICO Guillermo, Muñoz Guijosa Juan Manuel
Принадлежит: UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID

A system for the treatment of materials, to be selected from between materials in a fluid state () and particles suspended in a fluid material (), comprising at least one upper kinematic pair equipped with two mechanical elements (), said kinematic pair being in contact with a material in a fluid state () or with particles suspended in a fluid material (); motor means () to generate a pre-set relative velocity (v) between the elements () of said kinematic pair, and tensioning means () to subject said kinematic pair to a pre-set pressure (P). 1. A system for the treatment of materials , selected from between materials in a fluid state and particles suspended in a fluid material , comprising:at least one upper kinematic pair equipped with two mechanical elements, said kinematic pair being in contact with a material in a fluid state or in contact with particles suspended in a fluid material;motor means to generate a pre-set relative velocity (v) between the mechanical elements of said kinematic pair; andtensioning means to subject said kinematic pair to a pre-set contact pressure (p); characterised in that the upper kinematic pair is formed by at least one bearing equipped with rolling elements arranged between a moving ring and a fixed ring.2. The treatment system according to claim 1 , characterised in that the bearing comprises a cage for separating the rolling elements.3. The treatment system according to claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises at least one upper kinematic pair formed by a gear claim 1 , a cam-follower mechanism claim 1 , a chain-sprocket mechanism claim 1 , a chain transmission claim 1 , a belt transmission claim 1 , a cable transmission claim 1 , a pin-on-disk tribometer claim 1 , or a ball-on-disk tribometer.4. The treatment system according to claim 1 , characterised in that the upper kinematic pairs are housed in a chamber hermetically closed by a cover.5. The treatment system according to claim 4 , characterised in that the closed ...

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Номер записи: 28
13-01-2022 дата публикации

Processes and systems for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes

Номер: US20220009856A1
Автор: Frederick M. Adam, Omer Refa Koseoglu, Robert Peter Hodgkins
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

A process for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include combining one or more aromatic feed chemicals, one or more aromatic-based polymers, hydrodearylation catalyst, and hydrogen in a hydrodearylation unit to form a chemical product. The process may also include passing the chemical product out of the hydrodearylation unit, where the chemical product comprises one or more of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes. Additionally, a system for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include a mixing unit and a hydrodearylation unit. An aromatic feed stream and an aromatic-based polymer stream may be in fluid communication with a mixing unit. A mixing unit effluent stream may be in fluid communication between the mixing unit and the hydrodearylation unit. A chemical product stream may be in fluid communication with the hydrodearylation unit.

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Номер записи: 29
12-01-2017 дата публикации

Method for producing devulcanized rubber and an apparatus therefor

Номер: US20170009044A1
Автор: Gopinath B. Sekhar
Принадлежит: SEKHAR RESEARCH INNOVATIONS Sdn Bhd

A method for producing devulcanized rubber and an apparatus ( 100 ) therefor. The method for producing devulcanized rubber comprises the steps of (1) providing vulcanized rubber particles with a pre-determined particle size and (2) devulcanizing the vulcanized rubber particles. The vulcanized rubber particles are devulcanized mechanically by impact forces and devulcanized chemically by a chemical composition. The impact forces break sulphur-sulphur and sulphur-carbon bonds of the vulcanized rubber particles causing surfaces of the rubber to become receptive in reacting with the chemical composition and the chemical composition renders the sulphur passive to prevent reattachment of the bonds, of which the chemical composition comprises at least one accelerator, at least one inorganic activator and at least one organic activator.

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Номер записи: 30
10-01-2019 дата публикации

TUBE ISOTHERMAL CATALYTIC REACTOR

Номер: US20190009237A1
Автор: Rizzi Enrico
Принадлежит: Casale SA

Vertical reactor () for chemical reactions, comprising a tube heat exchanger () immersed in a catalytic bed (), wherein said tube exchanger () comprises a plurality of straight tube bundles () with respective tube plates for feeding () and collecting () the heat exchange fluid, and wherein the tube bundles and the respective tube plates are vertically staggered so as to allow access to the shell side. 1. A vertical chemical reactor comprising at least a catalytic bed and a tube heat exchanger immersed in said catalytic bed and fed with a heat exchange fluid , wherein:said tube exchanger comprises a plurality of straight tube bundles, each tube bundle having a respective feed tube plate and a respective collection tube plate for the fluid,wherein said plurality of tube bundles comprises at least a first set of tube bundles arranged at a first height inside the reactor and a second set of tube bundles arranged at a second height inside the reactor, the bundles of the first set and the second set being alternated so that each tube bundle is staggered vertically with respect to the adjacent bundles,wherein said tube plates are shaped as circular sectors or ring sectors and each one of said sectors extend substantially along the full radial extension of said catalytic bed.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said tube plates have a surface of interface with the tubes claim 1 , which is flat.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the free spaces between adjacent tube plates claim 1 , due to the vertically staggered arrangement claim 1 , define access points to the reactor zone containing the catalytic bed claim 1 , which can be used for loading and unloading catalyst.4. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the tube plates claim 1 , viewed in cross-section claim 1 , cover the entire cross-section of the catalytic bed.5. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the tube bundles comprise straight tubes having the same length.6. The reactor according ...

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Номер записи: 31
10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20190009238A1
Автор: LAINE Scott
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide. 2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor disposed within the reaction vessel.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor measures temperature claim 2 , pH claim 2 , or salt concentration.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system comprises a control unit configured to maintain a first temperature within the reaction vessel before addition of a catalyst.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured to modulate a rate of addition of the catalyst into the reaction vessel to maintain a second temperature that is different from the first temperature inside the reaction vessel.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured with a pre-programmed protocol for controlling the conversion of graphite into graphene oxide.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system modulates a rate of addition of one or more reactants into the reaction vessel to maintain a reaction temperature no greater than 15° C.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises one or more cooling coils for reducing a reaction temperature inside the reaction vessel.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the system is configured to dispense chilled water into the tank to lower the temperature of the graphene oxide.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel and the tank are in fluid communication claim 1 , and the reaction vessel is positioned at a higher position relative to the tank to enable transfer of the graphene oxide from the reaction ...

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Номер записи: 32
09-01-2020 дата публикации

FLOW-PROMOTING DEVICE, A REACTOR ARRANGEMENT AND THE USE OF SUCH FLOW-PROMOTING DEVICE

Номер: US20200009519A1
Автор: Byström Emil, IRGUM Knut, LÖFGREN Erik, Öberg Christopher
Принадлежит:

The invention refers to a flow-promoting device (″) for performing a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic medium. The flow-promoting device (″) comprises a ferromagnetic material () and a retaining structure (″), the retaining structure having a compartment (″) defined by a permeable material (″). The retaining structure (″) comprises a top wall (″) and a circumferential side wall (″), wherein the top wall (″) and the circumferential side wall (″) is formed mainly by said permeable material (″). The compartment (″) of the retaining structure (″) is arranged to contain at least one fluid-permeable solid reaction member. 1. A flow-promoting device for performing a biological or chemical transformation , or physical or chemical trapping from , or release of agents to , a fluidic medium , whereinsaid flow-promoting device comprising a ferromagnetic material and a retaining structure, the retaining structure having a compartment defined by a permeable material, whereinthe retaining structure comprises a top wall and a circumferential side wall, wherein the top wall and the circumferential side wall is formed mainly by said permeable material, andthe compartment of the retaining structure is arranged to contain at least one fluid-permeable solid reaction member, wherebywhen the flow-promoting device is submerged into a fluidic medium and the flow-promoting device is subjected to an alternating magnetic field, the flow-promoting device is set to rotate, thereby causing a flow of fluidic medium into and through the compartment via said permeable material.2. The flow-promoting device according to claim 1 , wherein the top wall has a continuous extension across its full surface extension and does not comprise any central inlet opening.3. The flow-promoting device according to claim 1 , wherein the permeable material is a mesh material claim 1 , said mesh material having an inherent stiffness thereby ...

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Номер записи: 33
09-01-2020 дата публикации

FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAXIMIZING LIGHT OLEFIN YIELD AND OTHER APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20200009523A1
Автор: Breckenridge Justin, Chen Liang, Dorsey Michael, Hood Jon A., Loezos Peter, Marri Rama Rao, Singh Hardik, Tomsula Bryan
Принадлежит: LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY INC.

Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor. 1. A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons , comprising:feeding a mixture of first particles and second particles from a regenerator to a transport vessel or riser reactor, wherein the first particles have a smaller average particle size and/or are less dense than the second particles, and wherein the first particles and second particles may independently be catalytic or non-catalytic particles;feeding a reactive and/or non-reactive carrier fluid to the transport vessel or riser reactor;recovering an overhead product from the transport vessel/riser reactor comprising the carrier fluid and/or a reaction product of the carrier fluid, the second particles, and the first particles; a housing;', 'a solids separation device disposed within the housing for separating the second particles from the overhead product to provide a first stream, comprising the first particles and the carrier fluid and/or a reaction product of the carrier fluid, and a second stream, comprising the separated second particles;', 'one or more cyclones disposed within the housing for ...

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Номер записи: 34
14-01-2021 дата публикации

ONLINE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDE USING A CATALYST BED

Номер: US20210009515A1
Автор: Coleman Todd, FRY Slaton, YEAMAN Tim
Принадлежит:

A method of producing an organic peroxide includes introducing an organic solution and a peroxide solution into a mixing tank to form a mixture. The method further includes circulating the mixture over a fixed catalyst bed to form the organic peroxide and measuring a concentration of the organic peroxide in the mixture. Further, the method includes removing at least a portion of the mixture when the concentration reaches a set value. 1. A method of producing an organic peroxide comprising:introducing an organic solution and a peroxide solution into a mixing tank to form a mixture;circulating the mixture over a fixed catalyst bed to form the organic peroxide;measuring a concentration of the organic peroxide in the mixture; andremoving at least a portion of the mixture when the concentration reaches a set value.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the peroxide solution comprises hydrogen peroxide and water.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the peroxide solution comprises 10 to 50 wt % of hydrogen peroxide based on a total weight of the peroxide solution.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solution comprises water and an organic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organic solution comprises 10 to 50 wt % of the organic acid based on a total weight of the organic solution.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed catalyst bed comprises an acid resin.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the set value is between 50 and 2000 ppm of the organic peroxide.10. A system for online production of an organic peroxide comprising:a mixing tank;a peroxide supply in fluid communication with the mixing tank and configured to supply a peroxide solution to the mixing tank;an organic supply in fluid communication with the mixing tank ...

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Номер записи: 35
09-01-2020 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2,5-FURANDICARBOXYLIC ACID AND INTERMEDIATES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

Номер: US20200010441A1
Автор: BOUSSIE Thomas R., DIAMOND Gary M., DIAS ERIC L., Herrmann Stanley, Lavrenko Mayya, Longmire James M., Murphy Vincent J., Sokolovskii Valery, Torssell Staffan, Zhu Guang
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides processes for the production of 2-5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and intermediates thereof by the chemocatalytic conversion of a furanic oxidation substrate. The present disclosure further provides processes for preparing derivatives of FDCA and FDCA-based polymers. In addition, the present disclosure provides crystalline preparations of FDCA, as well as processes for making the same. 1. (canceled)2. A process for producing a first 2 ,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) pathway product from a first furanic oxidation substrate , the process comprising:(a) contacting an oxidation feedstock comprising a first furanic oxidation substrate and a first oxidation solvent with oxygen in the presence of a first heterogeneous oxidation catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a reaction mixture for oxidizing the first furanic oxidation substrate to a first FDCA pathway product, and producing the first FDCA pathway product;wherein the first oxidation solvent is a multi-component solvent comprising water and a water-miscible aprotic organic solvent;wherein no base is added to the reaction mixture during (first) contacting step (a);wherein the first heterogeneous oxidation catalyst comprises a first solid support and a first noble metal, and{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the solid support comprises a specific surface area in the range of from or any number in between 20 m/g to 100 m/g.'}3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the first noble metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum claim 2 , gold claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the water-miscible aprotic organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran claim 2 , a glyme claim 2 , dioxane claim 2 , a dioxolane claim 2 , dimethylformamide claim 2 , dimethylsulfoxide claim 2 , sulfolane claim 2 , acetone claim 2 , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (“NMP”) claim 2 , methyl ethyl ketone (“MEK”) claim 2 , and gamma-valerolactone;and, if the water- ...

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Номер записи: 36
03-02-2022 дата публикации

FLOW DISTRIBUTOR AND REACTOR USING SUCH FLOW DISTRIBUTOR

Номер: US20220032244A1
Автор: Byström Emil
Принадлежит: Spinchem AB

A cylindrical flow distributor () for performing, by means of solid reaction members, a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media is provided. The flow distributor () comprises: a top wall (); a bottom wall () comprising a central through going opening (); and an outer wall () extending between the top wall () and the bottom wall (). The top wall (), the bottom wall () and an inner envelope surface () of said outer wall () together define a confinement () configured to contain solid reaction membersor a rigid body of a reaction member material. The outer wall () comprises a first plurality of longitudinally extending ribs () arranged side by side with longitudinal gaps () extending in the circumferential direction between two adjacent ribs (), and a circumferentially extending first scaffold () encircling and being fixedly attached to a peripheral outer surface () of said plurality of longitudinally extending ribs (). Further, a reactor using such flow distributor () is provided. 1. A cylindrical flow distributor for performing , by means of solid reaction members , a biological or chemical transformation , or physical or chemical trapping from , or release of agents to , a fluidic media , the flow distributor comprising:a top wall;a bottom wall comprising a central through going opening;an outer wall extending between the top wall and the bottom wall; andan inner wall;wherein the outer wall comprises a first plurality of longitudinally extending ribs arranged side by side along a longitudinal centerline of the flow distributor with gaps extending in the circumferential direction between two adjacent ribs, and a circumferentially extending first scaffold encircling and being fixedly attached to a peripheral outer surface of said plurality of longitudinally extending ribs;wherein the inner wall comprises a second scaffold having an extension along an axial direction of the flow distributor, ...

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Номер записи: 37
03-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REACTING FEED WITH A FLUIDIZED CATALYST OVER A TEMPERATURE PROFILE

Номер: US20220032250A1
Автор: Senetar John J., Spieker Wolfgang A.
Принадлежит:

A fluidized catalytic reactor utilizes an ascending temperature profile. The apparatus and process deliver cooler spent catalyst to a first catalyst distributor and a hotter regenerated catalyst to a second catalyst distributor that are spaced apart from each other. The reactant stream first encounters the first stream of catalyst and then encounters the second stream of catalyst. The process and apparatus stage the addition of hot catalyst to the reactant stream. The process and apparatus may be particularly advantageous in an endothermic reaction because the hotter catalyst will encounter reactants that have cooled due to the progression of endothermic reactions. 1. A reactor for contacting a reactant stream with a catalyst comprising:a reactant distributor for distributing the reactant stream to the reactor;a first catalyst inlet for feeding a first stream of catalyst to the reactor;a second catalyst inlet for feeding a second stream of catalyst to the reactor, the first catalyst inlet being closer to the reactant distributor than the second catalyst inlet;a product outlet for discharging product from the reactor, the second catalyst distributor being closer to the reactant distributor than the product outlet.2. The reactor of further comprising a regenerated catalyst pipe connected to said second catalyst inlet claim 1 , the regenerated catalyst pipe having an inlet connected to a catalyst regenerator.3. The reactor of further comprising a reaction chamber containing said first catalyst inlet and said second catalyst inlet and a separation chamber comprising a primary catalyst separator for separating catalyst from product gases claim 1 , said primary catalyst separator being located closer to the second catalyst inlet than the product outlet.4. The reactor of further comprising a recycle catalyst pipe connected to said first catalyst inlet claim 3 , the recycle catalyst pipe having an inlet in the separation chamber.5. The reactor of further comprising a ...

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Номер записи: 38
03-02-2022 дата публикации

RADIAL OR AXIAL-RADIAL CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH A FINE CATALYST

Номер: US20220032251A1
Автор: BIASI Pierdomenico, Filippi Ermanno, Panza Sergio
Принадлежит:

Reactor for catalytic chemical reactions comprising a catalyst bed with an annular-cylindrical form crossed by a radial flow or mixed axial-radial flow, wherein the bed is delimited by cylindrical walls made gas-permeable by means of slits and the catalyst bed is formed by particles of catalyst with a nominal minimum size such that: the ratio between a transverse dimension of the slits and the nominal minimum size of the particles of catalyst is smaller than or equal to 0.6; the catalyst bed contains no more than 3% by weight of particles with an actual size smaller than said nominal size. 111-. (canceled)12. A reactor for catalytic chemical reactions , the reactor comprising:a catalyst bed with an annular-cylindrical form and a radial or mixed axial-radial crossing flow;at least a first cylindrical wall and a second cylindrical wall that delimit the catalyst bed being in direct with the catalyst, the second cylindrical wall being coaxial and internal relative to the first wall;wherein the first wall and the second wall include passages to make the first and second walls gas-permeable;wherein the passages are slits having an elongated form in a longitudinal direction of the slit and a respective transverse dimension in a transverse direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction;wherein the catalyst bed is formed by particles of catalyst that have a nominal minimum size such that:a) a ratio between the transverse dimension of the slits and the nominal minimum size of the particles of catalyst is less than or equal to 0.6; 'wherein a minimum size of the catalyst is defined as a square root of a maximum square free flow area of a sieve that retains the catalyst, the sieving of the catalyst being performed according to the standard test method of ASTM D4513-11.', 'b) the catalyst bed contains no more than 3% by weight of particles with a size smaller than the nominal size,'}13. The reactor according to claim 12 , wherein the nominal minimum size of the ...

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Номер записи: 39
03-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REACTING FEED WITH FLUIDIZED CATALYST AND CONFINED QUENCH

Номер: US20220033326A1
Автор: Davydov Lev, II Richard A., Johnson
Принадлежит:

A dehydrogenation process and apparatus contact a paraffinic stream with dehydrogenation catalyst to product olefinic product gases. The olefinic product gases are separated from spent dehydrogenation catalyst and contained in a confined space that has a smaller volume than the reactor particularly at the same elevation. The containment of the olefinic product gases facilitates quenching the olefinic product gases to terminate reaction and improve selectivity to propylene. 1. A process for contacting a paraffin stream with dehydrogenation catalyst comprising:distributing a paraffin stream to a reactor;contacting said reactant stream with a dehydrogenation catalyst stream to produce olefinic product gases and spent dehydrogenation catalyst;separating a spent dehydrogenation catalyst stream from an olefinic product gas stream in a primary separator;containing said olefinic product gas in a contained space having a volume smaller than the volume of the reactor at the same elevation;quenching said olefinic product gases in said contained space; anddischarging said olefinic product gases from said reactor.2. The process of wherein said contained space has a wall that is spaced apart from a shell of the reactor.3. The process of further comprising a plurality of cyclone separators in said separation chamber and ducting said olefinic product gases from said contained space into said cyclone separators.4. The process of further comprising separating a spent dehydrogenation catalyst from said olefinic product gases in said cyclone separators and dispensing said dehydrogenation catalyst by dip legs of said cyclone separators through a baffle into a dense dehydrogenation catalyst bed.5. The process of wherein said spent dehydrogenation catalyst stream separated from said olefinic product gases in said primary separator falls into said dense dehydrogenation catalyst bed.6. The process of wherein said spent dehydrogenation catalyst stream separated from said olefinic product ...

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Номер записи: 40
19-01-2017 дата публикации

MOVING BED CATALYTIC REACTOR FOR MANAGING INTERRUPTIONS TO THE CIRCULATION OF CATALYST, AND PROCESS USING SAID REACTOR

Номер: US20170014791A1
Автор: LAMBERT Fabian
Принадлежит: AXENS

The present invention describes a catalytic reactor operating as a moving bed to manage interruptions in the circulation of catalyst while at the same time avoiding mechanical damage to the contact means containing the catalyst. The invention also concerns a refining or petrochemicals process using the reactor in accordance with the invention. 1571351157. A catalytic reactor employing a moving bed catalyst , in which the catalyst is enclosed in baskets () and in which said baskets are movable along a substantially vertical axis and provided with flaps ( , ) which are themselves substantially vertical , installed in the lower portion of said baskets () , and in which , during an interruption to the circulation of catalyst , a storage space () for catalyst located in the lower portion of the reactor is opened up by lifting the assembly of the basket () and the attached flaps () upwards.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , in which circulation of the catalyst under gravity is resumed as soon as the circulation is re-established.35553. The moving bed catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , in which the catalyst is enclosed in baskets () which are annular in shape claim 1 , wherein the walls are constituted by screens which allow the feed to pass from the exterior towards the interior of the basket () claim 1 , then the reaction effluents to pass from the interior of the basket () towards a centre pipe ().4713121412145141112. The moving bed catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , in which the flaps ( claim 1 , ) slide in vertical sleeves () and are provided with windows () which are obstructed by the sleeves () during normal circulation claim 1 , said windows () being opened up when the basket () is lifted following an interruption to the circulation claim 1 , thus allowing the catalyst to pass through said windows () towards a storage zone () located in the lower portion of the reactor between the sleeve () and the wall of the catalyst.51411. The moving bed ...

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Номер записи: 41
18-01-2018 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND A PROCESS USING SAME TO PRODUCE HIGH PURITY GRANULAR POLYSILICON

Номер: US20180015435A1
Автор: JIANG Hongfu, JIANG Limin, JIANG Wenwu, Wang Xiaojun
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reaction tube, a distributor and a heating device, the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space, the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet, and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet at the top or upper part respectively, characterized in that the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube, and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the reaction outer tube, wherein the hollow cavity is filled with hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas for protection, and is able to maintain a pressure of about 0.01 to about 5 MPa; and also to a process of producing high purity granular polysilicon using the reactor. The fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention uses induction heating to heat directly the silicon particles inside the reaction chamber, such that the temperature of the reaction tube is lower than that inside the reaction chamber, which accordingly avoids deposition on the tube wall and results in more uniform heating, and thus is useful for large diameter fluidized bed reactors with much increased output for a single reactor. 1. A fluidized bed reactor , comprising a reaction tube , a distributor and a heating device , the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space , the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet , and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet respectively at the top or upper part , wherein the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube , and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the ...

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Номер записи: 42
21-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CARBONACEOUS FUELS

Номер: US20160016137A1
Автор: Fan Liang-Shih, Wang Dawei
Принадлежит:

A system for converting carbonaceous fuels is provided. The system includes a gaseous fuel conversion reactor, a solid fuel conversion reactor, and a fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor disposed between the gaseous fuel conversion reactor and the solid fuel conversion reactor. The fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor devolatilizes a solid fuel using heat to produce an off-gas and a devolatilized solid fuel. The gaseous fuel conversion reactor converts the off-gas from the fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor to a product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and water. The solid fuel conversion reactor receives a mixture of oxygen carrier solids and devolatilized solid fuel from the pretreatment reactor discharge and reduces the devolatilized solid fuel with the oxygen carrier solids to convert the devolatilized solid fuel to an intermediate gas.

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Номер записи: 43
21-01-2016 дата публикации

REACTORS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR FORMING SOLID PRODUCTS

Номер: US20160016800A1
Автор: Noyes Dallas B.
Принадлежит: Seerstone LLC

A reactor includes a vessel, a gas inlet, a solid outlet, a catalyst support configured to at least partially retain a catalyst material and allow a tail gas to pass therethrough, and a tail gas outlet. The gas inlet is in fluid communication with the solid outlet. A system for producing a solid product includes a reactor, a compressor, a heater, a make-up reactive gas inlet, and a solids discharge means for removing the solid product from the solid outlet of the reactor. Methods of forming solid products include providing a catalyst material in a vessel having a porous catalyst support, delivering a reactive gas to the vessel, reacting the reactive gas to form a solid product and a tail gas in the vessel, passing the tail gas through a portion of the catalyst material to separate the solid product from the tail gas, and removing the solid product.

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Номер записи: 44
17-01-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING FLOW IN RADIAL FLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20190015807A1
Автор: EBERHARDT Eugene, HILLENBURG Russell, HUTCHINSON Matthew, LAMBERT Fabian, LE-GOFF Pierre-Yves
Принадлежит:

A scallop, center pipe, and outer basket for use in a radial flow reactor are provided. Each of the scallop, the center pipe, and the outer basket is formed of an elongated conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end, and a plurality of openings formed in the elongated conduit through a thickness thereof. A diameter of the plurality of openings progressively increases or decreases from the top end to the opposing bottom end of the elongated conduit so as to allow a feedstock to flow radially out through the plurality of openings on the scallop or outer basket, or to allow a feedstock to flow uniformly into the center pipe through the plurality of openings. A system utilizing the center pipe together with either the scallop or the outer basket is also provided. 1. A scallop for use in a radial flow reactor , comprising:an elongated conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end and a rounded distribution side;a plurality of openings formed in the elongated conduit through a thickness thereof,wherein a diameter of the plurality of openings progressively increases or decreases from the top end to the opposing bottom end of the elongated conduit so as to allow a feedstock to flow uniformly out of the scallop through the plurality of openings; anda profile wire scallop overlay positioned on the rounded distribution side of the elongated conduit to prevent catalyst particles from flowing into the scallop.2. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of openings are generally circular claim 1 , square claim 1 , rectangular claim 1 , triangular claim 1 , oval claim 1 , or oblong in shape.3. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the elongated conduit is formed of stainless steel.4. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the elongated conduit has a back side and with the rounded distribution side forms a “D”-shaped cross section.5. (canceled)6. The scallop of claim 4 , wherein the radial flow reactor includes a reactor vessel claim 4 , and the back side of the elongated ...

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Номер записи: 45
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Cylindrical Wall for Filtering Solid Particles in a Fluid

Номер: US20200016559A1
Автор: Allen Matthew, Nascimento Pedro, Selmen Arnaud
Принадлежит:

A cylindrical wall () for filtering solid particles in a fluid, through which a fluid is likely to circulate, this wall comprising 114.-. (canceled)15. A cylindrical wall for filtering solid particles in a fluid , through which this fluid is to circulate , this wall comprisingat least one perforated plate having a finite radius of curvature, andat least one grating element superposed on this perforated plate, this grating element comprising a plurality of rigid wires extending in a longitudinal direction and positioned adjacent to one another in order to filter the solid particles,characterized in thatthe grating element is arranged for the wires to be secured to one another only by means of links between adjacent wires, each link between two adjacent wires occupying only a portion of the length of said wires, and having a thickness less than or equal to the thickness of these wires in proximity to this link.16. The wall as claimed in claim 15 , whereineach link between two wires extends radially between an inner link end facing the perforated plate and an outer link end,in proximity to this link, each of these two wires extends radially between an inner wire end intended to be facing the perforated plate and an outer wire end,characterized in that,for at least one link between two wires, the outer end of said link is within the outer wire ends of said two adjacent wires, such that these two wires and this link define a groove forming a passage between the spaces between these wires on either side of this link.17. The wall as claimed in claim 15 , wherein at least one wire has claim 15 , over all of its length claim 15 , a section whose width claim 15 , in the tangential direction claim 15 , is smaller at a first end of wire section facing the perforated plate than at a second end of wire section opposite this first end.18. The wall as claimed in claim 15 , wherein claim 15 , for at least one wire secured to a first and a second adjacent wires situated on either ...

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Номер записи: 46
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Use of Light Gas By-Products in the Production of Paraxylene by the Methylation of Toluene and or Benzene

Номер: US20200017425A1
Автор: Detjen Todd E, Tinger Robert G.
Принадлежит:

A process for producing paraxylene by the catalytic alkylation of benzene and/or toluene with methanol, which produces a para-rich mixture of xylene isomers, together with water and some light organic by-products, particularly dimethyl ether and C− olefins. The off-gas stream, containing the C olefins, may be recycled back to the reaction to be co-injected with methanol to reduce the methanol self-decomposition and the reaction of methanol to olefins or to fluidize catalyst particles recovered by a reactor cyclone. By using recycled off-gas rather than water or steam, the deleterious effects of water and/or steam on the catalyst aging and activity rates and the size of downstream equipment necessary to recover olefin by-products may be reduced. 1. A process for the alkylation of toluene and/or benzene to produce paraxylene (PX) comprising contact of said toluene and/or benzene with an alkylating agent selected from methanol , dimethyl ether , and mixtures thereof , in the presence of an alkylation catalyst in a fluidized bed alkylation reactor under conditions effective to produce an alkylation effluent comprising PX and olefins , wherein the alkylation effluent is separated into a stream comprising PX and a light gas stream comprising olefins , the improvement comprising recycling at least a portion of the light gas stream , including olefins , to the alkylation reactor for injection with alkylating agent , fluidizing particles of the alkylation catalyst recovered from the alkylation effluent , or both.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the light gas stream further comprises oxygenates claim 1 , unreacted alkylating agent claim 1 , and contaminants claim 1 , and is treated to remove at least one of the oxygenates claim 1 , alkylating agent claim 1 , and contaminants prior to recycling the light gas stream to the alkylation reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkylating agent is methanol.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the methanol and recycled ...

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Номер записи: 47
21-01-2021 дата публикации

USE OF TREATING ELEMENTS TO FACILITATE FLOW IN VESSELS

Номер: US20210018022A1
Автор: GLOVER JOHN N., HAM PETER GREGORY, SCHNEIDER AUSTIN
Принадлежит: CRYSTAPHASE PRODUCTS, INC.

A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones. 1. A method of improving flow distribution of one or more streams in a process vessel comprising:passing the one or more streams through more than one processing zone within the process vessel, wherein each processing zone contains processing materials; andpassing the one or more streams through a redistribution treating zone located within the processing vessel and between an upstream processing zone and a downstream processing zone, wherein the redistribution treating zone comprises at least one layer of fixed material which provides porous structures to facilitate stream flow redistribution by laterally dispersing the one or more streams to provide improved contact between the one or more streams and the downstream processing materials within the processing vessel,wherein there is no space between the upstream processing zone and the redistribution treating zone, andwherein the redistribution zone is located adjacent to both the upstream processing zone and the downstream processing zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a bed zone is disposed upstream of the upstream processing zone.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein certain of the processing materials from the upstream processing zone mix into the redistribution treating zone to create a combo-zone having both processing zone functionality and treating zone functionality.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 48
22-01-2015 дата публикации

Ozonization continuous reaction device and a working method thereof

Номер: US20150021279A1
Автор: Furong CHEN, Hao Hong, Jian Tao
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention discloses an ozonization continuous reaction device, comprising a raw material inlet, a raw material distributing device, one or plurality of single reaction tubes, a product outlet and an air vent. The first end of the raw material distributing device is communicated with the raw material inlet; the first end of one or plurality of single reaction tubes is communicated with the second end of the raw material distributing device; the product outlet is communicated with the second end of the single reaction tube; ozone is conveyed to the single reaction tube via the air vent. The ozonization continuous reaction device provided by the invention realizes the large-scale and continuous production of the ozonization reaction on the basis of guaranteeing security; as the single reaction tube is arranged, the ozone amount and the liquid raw material existing in the single reaction tube in unit time become fewer, the reaction security is greatly improved; in addition, the liquid raw material and the ozone are continuously fed into the reaction device, the exhaust gas and the products are continuously discharged from the reaction device, the accumulation of the ozone is prevented, the security is greatly guaranteed, and the production capacity also can be improved to a higher level.

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Номер записи: 49
28-01-2016 дата публикации

POWDER STIRRING DEVICE

Номер: US20160023177A1
Автор: Tanaka Noriyuki
Принадлежит: TOYO TANSO CO., LTD.

A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged. 1. (canceled)2. A powder processing apparatus that processes powder using a processing gas , comprising:a powder transport path that has a strip-shaped transporter that extends spirally in a vertical direction and on which the powder moves;a powder supplier for supplying the powder to the powder transport path;a vibration applier that vibrates the powder transport path to move the powder supplied to the powder transport path along the strip-shaped transporter;a processing container in which the powder supplied to the powder transport path is processed by the processing gas while moving;a powder recoverer that recovers the processed powder; andat least one height limitation member that limits a height of the powder moving on the strip-shaped transporter.3. The powder processing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the height limitation member has a lower end that is opposite to the strip-shaped transporter claim 2 , and is arranged such that a clearance is formed between the lower end and the strip-shaped transporter.4. The powder processing apparatus ...

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Номер записи: 50
26-01-2017 дата публикации

Catalyst Reactor Basket

Номер: US20170021320A1
Автор: Al-Khaldi Salman J., KOSEOGLU Omer Refa
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

A catalyst reactor basket is provided that includes an outer side wall extending along the outer circumferential periphery and an inner side wall disposed within the outer side wall. An aperture is sized and shaped to allow a fluid to flow axially with respect to the basket. First and second covers are disposed on opposite ends of the outer side wall and inner side wall and a dividing wall is disposed between the first and second covers. The dividing wall defines a first and second chamber within the inner volume of the basket. A plurality of partitions are disposed within the first and second chambers. The plurality of partitions define a plurality of compartments within the first and second chambers, each compartment being sized and shaped to receive a catalyst. 111-. (canceled)12. A catalyst reactor basket arranged to receive a combination of catalysts in separate chambers , comprising:an outer side wall extending along the outer periphery of the basket and extending to define an inner volume of the basket;an inner side wall disposed within the outer side wall, the inner side wall extending to define an aperture that defines a inner boundary of the volume of the basket, the aperture being sized and shaped to allow a fluid to flow axially with respect to the basket;first and second covers disposed on opposite ends of the outer side wall and inner side wall, the first and second covers defining respective ends of the inner volume of the basket, at least a portion of the first and second covers being fluid permeable; anda dividing wall disposed between the first and second covers, the dividing wall defining a first and second chamber within the inner volume of the basket, at least a portion of the dividing wall being fluid permeable, wherein each of the first and second chambers being sized to receive a respective catalyst so as to enable a two-stage reaction in a single pass of the fluid in the axial direction.13. The catalyst reactor basket as in claim 12 , ...

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Номер записи: 51
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Artificial Cell Constructs For Cellular Manipulation

Номер: US20180021260A1
Автор: Little Steven R.
Принадлежит:

The present invention contemplates induction of immunological tolerance thereby providing permanent allograft acceptance. This method obviates the need for a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressive agents which can increase the risk of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Immunological tolerance is thought to be mediated by regulatory T lymphocytes (Tcells) with immunosuppressive capabilities. A therapeutically relevant platform comprising artificial constructs are contemplated comprising numerous soluble and surface bound Tcell stimulating factors that may induce tolerance following allograft transplantation. Such artificial constructs, being the size of a cell, have surface bound monoclonal antibodies specific to regulatory T-cell surface moieties and encapsulated soluble regulatory T-cell modulating factors. 122-. (canceled)23. A method , comprising: i) a patient having received a tissue transplant, wherein said tissue is capable of immunological tolerance;', 'ii) an artificial particle comprising at least one soluble Treg cell factor and at least one surface bound Treg cell factor; and, 'a) providing,'}b) administering said artificial particle to said patient under conditions such that said immunological tolerant state is induced in said tissue.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein said artificial particle is porous.25. The method of claim 23 , wherein said immunological tolerant state is not antigen-specific.26. The method of claim 23 , wherein said artificial particle comprises compartments.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein said compartments comprise said soluble factor.28. The method of claim 23 , wherein said artificial particle is biodegradable claim 23 , wherein said soluble factor undergoes controlled release.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein said controlled release is a short term release.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein said short term release is between 30 minutes 24 hours.31. The method of claim 28 , wherein said controlled release is a long ...

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Номер записи: 52
25-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR FLUIDIZING COPPER SILICIDE AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING A HALOSILANE USING THE METHOD

Номер: US20180021747A1
Автор: Berglund Mark, Coppernoll Aaron, Harder Patrick James, KATSOULIS Dimitris, Pushkarev Vladimir
Принадлежит: Dow Corning Corporation

A method is useful for maintaining a uniformly fluidized bed in a fluidized bed apparatus. The method includes the steps of charging a mixture of particles including copper silicide particles and fluidization additive particles into the fluidized bed apparatus, and uniformly fluidizing the particles at a temperature of at least 400° C. in the fluidized bed apparatus. 1. A method maintaining a uniformly fluidized bed in a fluidized bed apparatus comprises:(A) heating, at a temperature of at least 400° C., a mixture of particles comprising greater than 80 weight % to less than 100% copper silicide particles and greater than 0 to 20 weight % fluidization additive particles in the fluidized bed apparatus, and(B) feeding a fluid into the fluidized bed apparatus at a velocity sufficient to maintain uniform fluidization.2. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide particles have a particle size of 10 μm to 150 μm.3. The method of claim 1 , where the additive particles are present in an amount of greater than 0 weight % to 10 weight % claim 1 , based on total weight of the mixture.4. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide particles are present in an amount of 95 weight % to 98 weight % of the mixture claim 1 , and the fluidization additive particles are present in an amount of 2 weight % to 5 weight % of the mixture.5. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide is selected from the group consisting of (i) CuSi claim 1 , (ii) CuSi claim 1 , (iii) CuSi claim 1 , and (iv) CuSi claim 1 , and a mixture of two or more of (i) claim 1 , (ii) claim 1 , (iii) claim 1 , (iv).6. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide comprises CuSi.7. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide has empirical formula CuSiCrCoFeIrNiPdPtReRu claim 1 , where subscripts b claim 1 , c claim 1 , d claim 1 , e claim 1 , f claim 1 , g claim 1 , h claim 1 , i claim 1 , j claim 1 , k claim 1 , and m represent the molar amounts of each element present claim 1 , and b>0 ...

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Номер записи: 53
10-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD OF ENHANCING HYDRATION OF VISCOSIFIERS USING CONTROLLED MECHANICALLY INDUCED CAVITATION

Номер: US20220041914A1
Автор: Armstead Daniel A., Mancosky Douglas G.
Принадлежит:

A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone. 1. A method of enhancing hydration of a powdered viscosifier comprising the steps of:(a) introducing a viscosifier containing non-hydrated powdered particles into a flow of a solvent or hydrating fluid to produce a mixture;(b) feeding the mixture into a controlled cavitation reactor, wherein the mixture flows from sides of a rotor of the controlled cavitation reactor through a cavitation zone defined between an outer peripheral surface of the rotor and a wall of a housing of the controlled cavitation reactor, and into the rotor through a plurality of bores formed in the rotor(c) as the rotor of the controlled cavitation reactor is rotated, generating cavitation events within the mixture in a low shear environment within the controlled cavitation reactor;(d) controlling a rotor rotation rate as the mixture flows through the cavitation zone to control the cavitation events for generating shock waves that result in cavitation induced pressure variations that propagate through the mixture as the mixture flows through the cavitation zone to substantially separate and disperse the non-hydrated powdered particles of the viscosifier within the mixture and increase surface area contact between the solvent or hydrating fluid and the non-hydrated powdered particles of the viscosifier;(e) as a result of step (d), forcing solvent molecules into and out of the powder particles to ...

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Номер записи: 54
23-01-2020 дата публикации

Cover system for a solid particle lining and reactor comprising such a system

Номер: US20200023329A1
Автор: Bernard Poussin
Принадлежит: Crealyst Group SAS

The invention relates to a cover system ( 5 ) for a solid particle lining ( 3 ) comprising an articulated structure ( 11 ) and an annular casing ( 13 ) covering the articulated structure ( 11 ), the casing ( 13 ) being formed by metal plates ( 16, 17 ) sealingly mounted so as to be movable relative to each other, the articulated structure ( 11 ) having metal skirts ( 31 ) forming articulated concentric circles ( 33 ) for supporting the plates ( 16, 17 ) of the casing ( 13 ) and adapting to the deformations of the lining ( 3 ), and metal elements ( 35 ) forming articulated spacers ( 37 ) making it possible to maintain a spacing between the articulated concentric circles ( 33 ) and to adapt to the deformations of the lining ( 3 ).

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Номер записи: 55
23-01-2020 дата публикации

AXIAL-RADIAL FLOW CATALYTIC CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH TWO LAYERS OF CATALYST

Номер: US20200023330A1
Автор: Rizzi Enrico
Принадлежит: Casale SA

Axial-radial flow reactor comprising a catalytic bed () of a hollow cylindrical shape, having a vertical axis (), a base (), a radial gas inlet section (b), an axial gas inlet section () and a radial gas outlet section (b), wherein the catalytic bed () comprises: a first cylindrical annular region () containing a layer of a first catalyst (A) and a layer of a second catalyst (B), the layer of the first catalyst being above the layer of the second catalyst; a second cylindrical annular region () coaxial to the first annular region and containing only the first catalyst (A). 1. A catalytic reactor adapted to process a gas flow by sequential passage through a first catalyst and a second catalyst ,said reactor comprising a catalytic bed of a hollow cylindrical shape, having a vertical axis, a base, a radial gas inlet section, an axial gas inlet section and a radial gas outlet section, arranged to determine an axial-radial flow through the catalytic bed, the axial inlet section being at an upper end of the catalytic bed;wherein said catalytic bed comprises:a first cylindrical annular portion extending from said base of the catalytic bed to the axial inlet section, and containing only the first catalyst;a second cylindrical annular portion extending from said base of the catalytic bed to the axial inlet section, said second annular portion containing a layer of said first catalyst and a layer of said second catalyst, the layer of the first catalyst being above the layer of the second catalyst, and said first annular portion and second annular portion being arranged coaxially one around the other.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst is intended to catalyse a first chemical reaction and the second catalyst is intended to catalyse a second reaction claim 1 , said first reaction and second reaction being different.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a boundary between said first annular portion and said second annular portion is a ...

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Номер записи: 56
10-02-2022 дата публикации

Use of treating elements to facilitate flow in vessels

Номер: US20220042528A1
Автор: Austin Schneider, John N. Glover, Peter Gregory Ham
Принадлежит: Crystaphase International Inc

A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones.

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Номер записи: 57
04-02-2016 дата публикации

DISTRIBUTING SECONDARY SOLIDS IN PACKED MOVING BED REACTORS

Номер: US20160030904A1
Автор: Fan Liang-Shih, Tong Andrew, Wang Dawei
Принадлежит:

A system and method for distribution and treatment of secondary solids in packed moving bed reactors is provided. The system includes a packed moving bed reactor and a regeneration reactor downstream of the packed moving bed reactor. The packed moving bed reactor having a primary solid introduction section configured to receive a primary solid material, a primary solid constriction section downstream of the primary solid introduction section, a secondary solid inlet, and a mixing section for primary solid material and secondary solid material downstream of the primary solid constriction section. The primary solid constriction section has a recessed zone, wherein the secondary solid inlet is configured to deliver secondary solid material into the packed moving bed reactor at the recessed zone. The regeneration reactor is operable to regenerate the primary solid material reduced in the packed moving bed reactor. 1. A system comprising a packed moving bed reactor and a regeneration reactor downstream of the packed moving bed reactor , a primary solid introduction section configured to receive a primary solid material operable to be reduced in the packed moving bed reactor,', 'a primary solid constriction section downstream of the primary solid introduction section, the primary solid constriction section having an outer wall,', 'a secondary solid inlet, and', 'a mixing section for the primary solid material and secondary solid material downstream of the primary solid constriction section, the mixing section having an inner wall; wherein, 'the packed moving bed reactor comprises'}the primary solid constriction section projects into the mixing section and forms a recessed zone defined by a volume between the outer wall of the primary solid constriction section and the inner wall of the mixing section, wherein the recessed zone has a cross-sectional area equal to about 25% to about 75% of a cross-sectional area of the mixing section immediately downstream of the recessed ...

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Номер записи: 58
04-02-2016 дата публикации

Random ring packing for biomass digester

Номер: US20160031774A1
Автор: Joseph Broun Powell, Ye-Mon Chen
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A method comprises introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a digester comprising a reactor, gas feed line, biomass feed system, fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, a pump, and an injector, a screen positioned within the reactor and defining a lower zone therebelow, and a bed of reactor packing material resting on the screen and defining thereby a packed zone; providing a liquid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the digester, the catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; circulating the liquid phase digestion medium through the fluid circulation system; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen through the cellulosic biomass solids; and maintaining the cellulosic biomass solids and slurry catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause digestion of cellulosic biomass solids into an alcoholic component.

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Номер записи: 59
04-02-2016 дата публикации

ETHER BLENDS VIA REACTIVE DISTILLATION

Номер: US20160031780A1
Автор: BREIDENSTEIN Walter, GAFFNEY Ian Lawrence, RAO Krishna K, VISSER Evan Michael
Принадлежит:

A method for forming a blend of ethers from a blend of alcohols includes a step of reacting a hydrocarbon-containing gas with an oxygen-containing gas to form first product blend. The first product blend includes a blend of partially oxygenated compounds. The blend of partially oxygenated compounds is provided to a reactive distillation station where it is converted a second product blend. The second product blend typically includes a mixture of ethers. An apparatus implementing the method is also provided. 1. A method for forming a blend of ethers from a blend of partially oxygenated compounds , the method comprising:a) reacting a hydrocarbon-containing gas with an oxygen-containing gas to form first product blend in a reactor, the first product blend including a blend of partially oxygenated compounds;b) providing the blend of partially oxygenated compounds to a reactive distillation station through one or more conduits; andc) converting the blend of partially oxygenated compounds to a second product blend at the reactive distillation station, the second product blend including a mixture of ethers.2. The method of wherein the hydrocarbon-containing gas includes Calkanes.3. The method of wherein the hydrocarbon-containing gas includes an alkane selected from the group consisting of methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , propanes claim 1 , butanes claim 1 , pentanes and combinations thereof.4. The method of wherein the hydrocarbon-containing gas includes an alkane selected from the group consisting of methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of wherein the first product blend includes Calcohols.6. The method of wherein the first product blend includes an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 5 , ethanol claim 5 , propanols claim 5 , butanols claim 5 , pentanols and combinations thereof.7. The method of wherein the first product blend includes an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 60
31-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS FOR FLUID CONTACTING IN A DOWNFLOW VESSEL

Номер: US20190030495A1
Автор: Chen Pengfei, Lesniak Steven J., Naunheimer Christopher, Shafe Peter H., Xu Zhanping
Принадлежит:

A contacting device and method are presented for the collection, contacting, and distribution of fluids between particulate beds of a downflow vessel, which may operate in co-current flow. By one approach, the contacting device includes a liquid collection tray, a mixing channel in fluid communication with the liquid collection tray, and a liquid distribution zone. 1. A method for fluid contacting in a downflow vessel , the method comprising:collecting liquid on a liquid collection tray;passing at least a portion of the liquid through an inlet of an enclosed mixing channel of a mixing device and downstream through the mixing channel; andpassing at least a portion of vapor through a vapor inlet of the mixing channel downstream of the liquid inlet and across the liquid stream flowing through the mixing channel to contact the vapor and liquid in the mixing channel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein passing at least a portion of the vapor through the mixing channel vapor inlet further comprises passing at least a portion of the vapor into a lower portion of the mixing channel into the liquid flowing through the mixing channel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein passing at least a portion of the vapor through the mixing channel vapor inlet further comprises passing at least a portion of the vapor obliquely downstream into the mixing channel to facilitate the flow and contact of the liquid and vapor in the downstream direction.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein passing at least a portion of the vapor through the mixing channel vapor inlet further comprises passing at least a portion of the vapor through an upper chimney opening of a vapor chimney surrounding the vapor inlet and passing the vapor downwardly through the chimney to the mixing channel vapor inlet.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising passing at least another portion of the vapor through a second vapor inlet of the mixing channel at a different downstream distance from the liquid inlet than the first ...

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Номер записи: 61
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane

Номер: US20200031734A1
Автор: Charles Reid, David Sheridan, Erik Freer, Guido Radaelli, Jarod McCormick, Jin Ki Hong, Joel Cizeron, Justin Dwight Edwards, Roberto Pellizzari, Samuel Weinberger, Satish LAKHAPATRI
Принадлежит: Lummus Technology Inc

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C 2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C 2+ compounds.

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Номер записи: 62
11-02-2016 дата публикации

EXTENDED CONTACT TIME RISER

Номер: US20160038899A1
Автор: Lippmann Matthew, Schnaith Mark, Walker Patrick D.
Принадлежит:

A riser includes a housing in communication with a entry conduit and an exit conduit. The housing is defined by a holdup chamber having a volume of between about 1133 liters and about 45307 liters. The riser is designed to receive a hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst. An apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking includes a riser in fluid communication with a reactor vessel. A hydrocarbon feed stream and a catalyst travel through a first section of the riser at a first velocity of between about 1.5 msec to about 10 msec and through a second section of the riser at a second velocity of more than about 15 msec. A process for fluid catalytic cracking uses a riser with a holdup chamber. A hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst decrease in velocity in the holdup chamber to between 1.5 msec and 10 msec. 1. A riser , comprising:a housing in communication with an entry conduit and an exit conduit,wherein the housing is defined by a holdup chamber having a volume of between about 1133 liters to about 45307 liters, and wherein the housing is designed to receive a hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst.2. The riser of claim 1 , wherein the width dimension of the holdup chamber is greater than the width dimension of at least one of the entry conduit or exit conduits.3. The riser of claim 1 , wherein the width dimension of the holdup chamber is greater than the width dimension of both of the entry conduit and exit conduits.4. The riser of claim 1 , wherein the holdup chamber includes an angled lower surface and an angled upper surface.5. The riser of claim 4 , wherein the angled lower surface and the angled upper surface are each characterized by an angle of between about 20 degrees to about 60 degrees.6. The riser of claim 1 , wherein the holdup chamber disrupts the flow of the catalyst along an interior surface thereof. This application is a Division of copending application Ser. No. 13/907,232 filed May 31, 2013, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.This ...

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Номер записи: 63
11-02-2016 дата публикации

Conversion of polymer containing materials to petroleum products

Номер: US20160040073A1
Автор: Benjamin Ralph Coates, Priyanka Bakaya
Принадлежит: Pk Clean Technologies Inc

Systems and methods achieve the conversion of polymer containing material into petroleum products such as hydrocarbon gas, wax, crude oil and diesel. The reactor and its system are designed to subject the polymer containing material to pyrolysis in a way that results in a higher petroleum product yield than conventional existing systems. The system has controls which allow for the heating temperature, rotation of the body, and throughput rate, to be adjusted depending on the reaction time required for the material inside the reactor. The condensing system is able to separate the products into the desired petroleum products by percentage output ranging from wax to crude-like oil to diesel-quality oil.

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Номер записи: 64
24-02-2022 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED COOLER WITH REGIONAL COORDINATION ENHANCEMENT

Номер: US20220055004A1
Автор: LI Jiantao, Lu Chunxi, YAO Xiuying
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure discloses a fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement, comprising a shell, a catalyst inlet, an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region, a dilute phase region, a dense phase region and a gas distributor influence region; a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet, and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet; the dense phase region is provided with a plurality of dense phase baffle plates, and the dilute phase region is provided with a plurality of dilute phase baffle plates; and the gas distributor influence region is provided with double gas distributors. The fluidized bed cooler simultaneously well solves the low internal stability and the low heat exchange efficiency of the fluidized bed cooler, thereby realizing the stable and efficient operation of the fluidized bed cooler. 1. A fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement , comprising a shell which is cylindrical and vertically provided , wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are vertically distributed in the shell , a catalyst inlet is provided at an upper portion of the shell , a catalyst outlet is provided at a bottom portion of the shell , and an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region , a dilute phase region at the upper portion , a dense phase region at the lower portion and a gas distributor influence region at the bottom portion , and wherein the dilute phase region and the dense phase region are located above and below the catalyst inlet influence region , respectively , wherein a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet , and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet positioned in the catalyst inlet inclined tube;wherein the regional particle distributor comprises a local gas distribution plate, a local gas pre-distributor, a left splitter partition ...

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Номер записи: 65
24-02-2022 дата публикации

FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAXIMIZING LIGHT OLEFIN YIELD AND OTHER APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20220055005A1
Автор: Breckenridge Justin, Chen Liang, Dorsey Michael, Hood Jon A., Loezos Peter, Marri Rama Rao, Singh Hardik, Tomsula Bryan
Принадлежит: LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY LLC

Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. An integrated disengagement vessel comprising:a housing;a solids separation device disposed within the housing for separating a hydrocarbon stream comprising a hydrocarbon fraction, a second particles, and a first particles into a first stream, comprising the first particles and the hydrocarbon fraction, and a second stream, comprising the separated second particles;one or more cyclones disposed within the housing for separating the first stream to recover a solids fraction, comprising the first particles, and a vapor fraction, comprising the hydrocarbon fraction;an internal vessel disposed within the housing for receiving the second stream comprising the separated second particles;an annular region between the housing and the internal vessel for receiving the solids fraction comprising the first particles;a vapor outlet for recovering the vapor fraction.7. The system of claim 6 , further comprising a flow line for feeding the solids fraction from the annular region to a regenerator.8. The ...

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Номер записи: 66
24-02-2022 дата публикации

SYNTHESIS METHOD AND SYNTHESIS DEVICE FOR CYCLODODECENE

Номер: US20220055970A1
Автор: Jang Namjin, Jeong Wook, Kim Youngjin, SONG Kyuho
Принадлежит:

A synthesis method and a synthesis device of cyclododecene according to the present invention have a high conversion rate of cyclododecatriene which is a reactant and a high selectivity of cyclododecene which is a required product, and even so, have an effect of significantly decreasing a reaction time. In addition, the method and the device have an excellent conversion rate of cyclododecatriene and an excellent selectivity of cyclododecene, while maintaining excellent reactivity without an organic solvent such as ethanol. Therefore, a volume of the reactor relative to an output of cyclododecene may be further decreased. Moreover, the method and the device may minimize costs for facilities and process, are practical, decrease a process time, and are industrially advantageous for mass production as compared with the conventional art. 1. A synthesis method of cyclododecene , the method comprising a hydrogenation process of subjecting cyclododecatriene to a partial hydrogenation reaction under a catalyst to synthesize cyclododecene ,wherein in the hydrogenation, cyclododecatriene and a hydrogen gas are reacted in a stirring tank reactor provided with a gas induction hollow-type agitator to synthesize cyclododecene.2. The synthesis method of cyclododecene of claim 1 , wherein in the hydrogenation claim 1 , the reaction is carried out by stirring the gas induction hollow-type agitator claim 1 , and the hydrogen gas is supplied to cyclododecatriene through a hollow portion of the gas induction hollow-type agitator.3. The synthesis method of cyclododecene of claim 2 , wherein the stirring tank reactor includes a reaction space formed inside claim 2 , and the reaction space includes a gaseous space formed in an upper portion and having a hydrogen gas and a liquid space formed in a lower portion and having a mixture including cyclododecatriene and the catalyst.4. The synthesis method of cyclododecene of claim 3 ,wherein the gas induction hollow-type agitator includes: an ...

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Номер записи: 67
07-02-2019 дата публикации

ANTIBODY-RESIN COUPLING APPARATUS AND METHODS

Номер: US20190039042A1
Автор: Lin Yekaterina, Spanggord Richard, Tairiol Van, Tan Mei, Toso Robert
Принадлежит:

An antibody-resin coupling apparatus quickly and efficiently activates resin beads and couples them to antibodies, while preventing breakdown and crosslinking of the beads, thereby improving downstream column purification processes, extending the usable life of the resin beads, and increasing molecule capture efficiency of the resultant resin-antibody complexes, to allow improved isolation and purification of factor VIII molecules or other drug compounds. 1. A dispersion apparatus comprising:an elongated tubular structure forming a lumen having a circular cross-section, the tubular structure comprising: (a) a proximal portion with an upward-facing inlet; (b) a distal portion with a closed end, the distal portion comprising a plurality of downward-facing holes arranged in three rows parallel to the axis of the distal portion and wherein the three rows are positioned between about 15 and about 60 degrees apart from each other on the distal portion; and (c) an elbow between the distal portion and the proximal portion, the elbow comprising a bend in the tubular structure which orients the inlet such that it opens in a direction that is substantially perpendicular from the axis of the distal portion.2. The dispersion apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the distal portion comprises between 8 and 30 downward-facing holes.3. The dispersion apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the distal portion comprises exactly 21 downward-facing holes.4. The dispersion apparatus of claim 3 , wherein a first of the three rows has 10 holes claim 3 , a second of the three rows has 8 holes claim 3 , and a third of the three rows has 3 holes.5. The dispersion apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the three rows have different numbers of holes.6. The dispersion apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the three rows have the same number of holes.7. The dispersion apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the three rows are each positioned between 30 and 60 degrees apart.8. The dispersion apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the three rows ...

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Номер записи: 68
06-02-2020 дата публикации

MULTIPLE-BED CATALYTIC REACTOR COMPRISING A MIXING DEVICE

Номер: US20200038816A1
Автор: Brix Jacob, Holm-Christensen Olav, MANOHARAN Karthik Gopal, Risbjerg Jarlkov Klaus
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

The present invention relates to multi-bed catalytic reactor with a cylindrical shape comprising a mixing device mounted between two catalyst beds in the reactor, said mixing device has a circular outer rim which corresponds to the inner wall of the reactor, the mixing device comprises; collecting means disposed in a collecting section for collecting fluid from an up¬stream catalytic bed, mixing means disposed in a mixing section for mixing the collected fluid comprising guide vanes and guide ramps, and discharging means disposed in a discharging section for discharging the mixed fluid to a down-stream catalytic bed; wherein the collecting section, the mixing section and the discharging section are disposed outside the center of the circular cross-section of the reactor, as well as associated methods for mixing and the use of such a mixing device in catalytic reactors. 1. A multi-bed catalytic reactor with a cylindrical shape comprising a mixing device mounted between two catalyst beds in said reactor , said mixing device has a circular outer rim adapted to fit within the inner wall of the reactor , the mixing device comprises;collecting means disposed in a collecting section for collecting fluid from an up-stream catalytic bed,mixing means disposed in a mixing section comprising a floor, a ceiling and inner and outer walls for mixing the collected fluid, anddischarging means disposed in a discharging section for discharging the mixed fluid to a down-stream catalytic bed;wherein the mixing device has a donut shape and the collecting section, the mixing section and the discharging section are disposed outside the centre of the circular cross-section of the reactor and wherein said mixing means comprise guide vanes with a first and a second end, guide ramps with a first and a second end or comprises said guide vanes and said guide ramps.2. A multi-bed catalytic reactor with a cylindrical shape comprising a mixing device according to claim 1 , wherein the floor of said ...

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Номер записи: 69
16-02-2017 дата публикации

REACTORS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SOLID CARBON MATERIALS

Номер: US20170043310A1
Автор: Noyes Dallas B.
Принадлежит: Seerstone LLC

A reactor for producing a solid carbon material comprising at least one reaction chamber configured to produce a solid carbon material and water vapor through a reduction reaction between at least one carbon oxide and at least one gaseous reducing material in the presence of at least one catalyst material. Additional reactors, and related methods of producing a solid carbon material, and of forming a reactor for producing a solid carbon material are also described. 1. A reactor for producing a solid carbon material , comprising:at least one reaction chamber configured to produce a solid carbon material and water vapor through a reduction reaction between at least one carbon oxide and at least one gaseous reducing material in the presence of at least one catalyst material structure comprising a catalyst material at least partially extending through the at least one reaction chamber;at least one cooling chamber operatively communicating with the at least one reaction chamber and configured to condense the water vapor produced in the at least one reaction chamber; andat least one conveying mechanism configured to transport the at least one catalyst material structure through the at least one reaction chamber.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reaction chamber is configured to produce the solid carbon material through at least one of a Bosch reaction claim 1 , a Boudouard reaction claim 1 , and a methane reduction reaction.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reaction chamber is configured to withstand an operating temperature greater than or equal to about 450° C.4. (canceled)5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cooling chamber is configured to have an operating temperature of less than or equal to about 50° C.6. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchange zone operatively associated with each of at least one effluent gas line and at least one return gas line extending between the at least one reaction ...

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Номер записи: 70
18-02-2021 дата публикации

Enzyme forming mesoporous assemblies embedded in macroporous scaffolds

Номер: US20210047630A1
Автор: Daniel Aneshansley, Emmanuel Giannelis, Larry P. Walker, Stephane C. Corgie, Xiaonan Duan
Принадлежит: CORNELL UNIVERSITY

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

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Номер записи: 71
19-02-2015 дата публикации

Device and method for the catalytic depolymerization of material containing hydrocarbon

Номер: US20150047962A1
Автор: Axel Trautmann
Принадлежит: Individual

In a device for the catalytic depolymerisation of material containing hydrocarbon, containing at least one container which can be filled with the material, at least one conveyor device having a device for introducing heat into the interior of the conveyor device and having at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening spaced apart therefrom are provided in the container, wherein the inlet opening is or can be disposed in the lower region of the container and the outlet opening is or can be disposed in the upper region of the container for circulating and heating the material to the evaporation temperature. In a method for the catalytic depolymerisation of hydrocarbon-containing material using at least one container which can be filled with the material, at least one carrier medium is filled into the container, the material is introduced into the carrier medium, the carrier medium comprising the material is set in a rotary motion, the material is circulated through a conveyor device having a device for introducing heat and is heated until said material is brought to evaporation temperature, the rising vapour is condensed and the distillate components are discharged as product.

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Номер записи: 72
07-02-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING 3.5-VALENCE HIGH-PURITY VANADIUM ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20190044173A1
Автор: BAN Qixun, FAN Chuanlin, LIU Jibin, MU Wenheng, WANG Cunhu, Yang Haitao, ZHU Qingshan
Принадлежит:

A system and method for producing a 3.5-valence high-purity vanadium electrolyte, comprising hydrolyzing high-purity vanadium oxytrichloride into vanadium pentoxide in a fluidized bed, and reducing vanadium pentoxide into a low-valence vanadium oxide having an average vanadium valence of 3.5 adding water and a sulfuric acid solution under a microwave field applied externally for dissolution at a low temperature, to obtain a 3.5-valence high-purity vanadium electrolyte. The preparation of vanadium pentoxide by means of gas-phase hydrolysis in the fluidized bed is of short process and high efficiency. By providing an internal member within the reduction fluidized bed, the precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product is achieved, and the special chemical effect of the microwave field is used to promote dissolution of the vanadium oxide and activate the vanadium ions, thereby greatly improving the activity of the electrolyte. 1. A system for producing a 3.5-valence high-purity vanadium electrolyte , comprising a vanadium oxytrichloride storage tank , a gas phase hydrolysis fluidized bed , a vanadium pentoxide feeding device , a preheat dedusting device , a reduction fluidized bed , a primary cooling device , a secondary cooling device , a low-valence vanadium oxide feeding device , a dissolution and activation device a tail gas washing absorber , an induced draft fan and a chimney;wherein the gas phase hydrolysis fluidized bed comprises a vanadium oxytrichloride vaporizer, a clean water vaporize, a chloride spray gun a gas phase hydrolysis fluidized bed body, a hydrolysis fluidized bed discharger, and a hydrochloric acid tail gas absorber;the vanadium pentoxide feeding device comprises a vanadium pentoxide hopper and a vanadium pentoxide screw feeder;the preheat dedusting device comprises a venturi preheater, a first cyclone separator, a cyclone preheater, and a bag-type dust collector;the reduction fluidized bed comprises a feeder, a bed body, a ...

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Номер записи: 73
03-03-2022 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF A CRUDE OIL IN A FLUIDISED BED COMPRISING ZONES WITH DIFFERENT CONTACT TIMES

Номер: US20220062845A1
Автор: CLOUPET Ann, Raynal Ludovic
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention relates to a device and to a process for the fluidized bed catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock, in which: a first feedstock () is cracked in a dense fluidized bed reactor () in the presence of a catalyst () to produce a first effluent; and at least one second feedstock () is cracked in a transport fluidized bed reactor () in the presence of the catalyst () supplied by the dense fluidized bed reactor () to produce a second effluent, the second feedstock () being a heavier feedstock than the first feedstock (). 112334. A device for the fluidized bed catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock , comprising: a dense fluidized bed reactor () suitable for at least partially cracking a first hydrocarbon feedstock () in the presence of a catalyst () to produce a first effluent , and at least partially feeding with catalyst () a transport fluidized bed reactor (); and{'b': 4', '10', '3, 'the transport fluidized bed reactor () suitable for at least partially cracking at least one second hydrocarbon feedstock () in the presence of the catalyst () to produce a second effluent,'}{'b': 10', '2, 'the second hydrocarbon feedstock () being a heavier feedstock than the first hydrocarbon feedstock ().'}21443. The device as claimed in claim 1 , in which the dense fluidized bed reactor () is directly connected to the transport fluidized bed reactor () in order to directly feed the transport fluidized bed reactor () with catalyst ().31. The device as claimed in claim 1 , in which the dense fluidized bed reactor () is an ebullating or turbulent fluidized bed reactor.44. The device as claimed in claim 1 , in which the transport fluidized bed reactor () is an upward or downward gas-solid cocurrentwise fluidized bed reactor.54. The device as claimed in claim 1 , in which the transport fluidized bed reactor () is an upward gas-solid cocurrentwise fluidized bed reactor.614. The device as claimed in claim 1 , in which the dense fluidized bed reactor () is ...

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Номер записи: 74
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Process And Reactor Comprising A Plurality Of Catalyst Receptacles

Номер: US20220064000A1
Автор: Gray Julian Stuart
Принадлежит:

A reactor having a shell comprising one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

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Номер записи: 75
03-03-2022 дата публикации

HIGH PRESSURE STRIPPERS FOR USE IN UREA PLANTS

Номер: US20220064109A1
Автор: PORRO Lino Giovanni
Принадлежит:

Shell-and-tube strippers for stripping a urea/carbamate mixture, related systems, methods, and uses. The stripper includes a shell, a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell, and a heating fluid distributor for homogenizing the flow of a heating fluid near a heating fluid inlet. The heating fluid distributor includes an edge wall and a laterally disposed heating fluid distribution plate. Related systems, methods, and uses are also provided.

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Номер записи: 76
14-02-2019 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING OLEFINS FROM PARAFFINS

Номер: US20190047922A1
Автор: Dziabis Gary A.
Принадлежит:

Processes for catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffin stream is disclosed. The process includes passing a first portion of the paraffin-containing feedstream through a select catalytic reactor in a plurality of catalytic reactors. An internal differential pressure is measured in the select catalytic reactor. A second portion of the paraffin-containing feed stream is bypassed around the select catalytic reactor when the measured internal differential pressure is above a predetermined limit of the internal differential pressure. The bypassed second portion is passed to at least one other catalytic reactor in the plurality of reactors located downstream of the select catalytic reactor being bypassed. 118.-. (canceled)19. A process for dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprising:a) passing a first portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feedstream through at a first catalytic dehydrogenation reactor to provide a first effluent stream, the hydrocarbon-containing feedstream comprising propane, butane, or a combination thereof;b) measuring a first internal differential pressure across an inner screen or an outer screen in the first catalytic dehydrogenation reactor and bypassing a second portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream around the first catalytic dehydrogenation reactor when the first internal differential pressure is above a first predetermined limit;c) passing a first portion of first effluent stream and at least a portion of the bypassed second portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream to a second catalytic dehydrogenation reactor to provide a second effluent stream;d) measuring a second internal differential pressure across an inner screen or an outer screen in the second catalytic dehydrogenation reactor and bypassing a second portion of first effluent stream around the second catalytic dehydrogenation reactor when the second internal differential pressure is above a second predetermined limit;e) passing a first portion of ...

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Номер записи: 77
13-02-2020 дата публикации

CHEMICAL REACTION METHOD USING CHEMICAL REACTION APPARATUS

Номер: US20200047148A1
Автор: ISHIZUKA Akinori, MOMOTA Kunitaka, Tsukahara Yasunori, YOSHINO Iwao
Принадлежит: Microwave Chemical Co., Ltd.

A chemical reaction method includes preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including a horizontal flow reactor partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates. A liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space provided thereabove. a microwave generator and a waveguide that transmits microwaves to the unfilled space are also included. The reactor is inclined such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side. The content is flowed over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor. The content flowing inside the reactor is irradiated with microwaves. The inclination angle of the reactor is changed in each of the chambers so that a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side. 1. A chemical reaction method comprising: a horizontal flow reactor inside of which has been partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove,', 'a microwave generator that generates microwaves, and', 'at least one waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor,', 'wherein one or more weirs that are flow paths of the content are formed in an upper portion of each of the partition plates;, 'preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including'}inclining the reactor such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side;flowing the content over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor;irradiating the content flowing inside the reactor with microwaves; andchanging an inclination angle of the reactor within a range in which, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher ...

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Номер записи: 78
14-02-2019 дата публикации

USE OF TREATING ELEMENTS TO FACILITATE FLOW IN VESSELS

Номер: US20190048903A1
Автор: GLOVER JOHN N., HAM PETER GREGORY, SCHNEIDER AUSTIN
Принадлежит: CRYSTAPHASE PRODUCTS, INC.

A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones. 1passing the one or more streams through an upstream processing zone and a downstream processing zone within the process vessel, the upstream processing zone and downstream processing zone each containing one or more beds of processing materials;passing the one or more streams through a redistribution treating zone located between the upstream processing zone and downstream processing zone, wherein the redistribution treating zone comprises a single layer of a fixed, form-fit fibrous mesh material conforming to the interior dimensions of the process vessel; andlaterally dispersing the one or streams with the fibrous mesh material to provide improved contact between the one or more streams and the processing materials in the downstream processing zone.. A method of improving flow distribution of one or more streams in a process vessel comprising: This application is a continuation application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/720,751, filed Sep. 29, 2017, which is a continuation and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/676,603, filed Aug. 14, 2017, which claims the benefit and priority benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/265,405, filed Sep. 14, 2016, which claims the benefit and priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/314,069, filed Mar. ...

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Номер записи: 79
13-02-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING PARA-XYLENE AND CO-PRODUCING LIGHT OLEFINS FROM METHANOL AND/OR DIMETHYL ETHER AND BENZENE

Номер: US20200048166A1
Автор: He Changqing, JIA Jinming, LI Chenggong, Li Hua, Liu Zhongmin, TANG Hailong, Wang Xiangao, Ye Mao, Zhang Cheng, ZHANG Jinling, Zhang Tao, ZHAO Yinfeng
Принадлежит: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

A fast fluidized bed reactor, device and method for preparing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene, resolving or improving the competition problem between an MTO reaction and an alkylation reaction during the process of producing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene, and achieving a synergistic effect between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction. By controlling the mass transfer and reaction, competition between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction is coordinated and optimized to facilitate a synergistic effect of the two reactions, so that the conversion rate of benzene, the yield of para-xylene, and the selectivity of light olefins are increased. 124-. (canceled)25. A fast fluidized bed reactor for preparing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene , wherein the fast fluidized bed reactor comprises a first reactor feed distributor and a plurality of second reactor feed distributors , the first reactor feed distributor and the plurality of second reactor feed distributors are sequentially arranged along the gas flow direction in the fast fluidized bed reactor.26. The fast fluidized bed reactor of claim 25 , wherein the number of the second reactor feed distributors is in a range from 2 to 10.27. The fast fluidized bed reactor of claim 25 , wherein the fast fluidized bed reactor comprises a first reactor gas-solid separator and a second reactor gas-solid separator claim 25 , the first reactor gas-solid separator is placed in a dilute phase zone or outside a reactor shell claim 25 , and the second reactor gas-solid separator is placed in the dilute phase zone or outside the reactor shell;the first reactor gas-solid separator is provided with a regenerated catalyst inlet, a catalyst outlet of the first reactor gas-solid separator is placed at the bottom of a reaction zone, and a gas outlet of the ...

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Номер записи: 80
23-02-2017 дата публикации

Conversion of Metal Carbonate to Metal Chloride

Номер: US20170050859A1
Автор: Eckert Helmut, Fischer Peter Heinz, Kellermann Renate Elena, Scherer Viktor, Schiemann Martin, Schmid Guenter, TAROATA Dan
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A process for preparing metal chloride Mx+Clx−, in which metal carbonate in solid form is reacted with a chlorinating agent selected from chlorine and oxalyl chloride to give metal chloride Mx+Clx−, where the metal M is selected from the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cation, and wherein metal M is additionally added as a reactant to the metal carbonate/chlorinating agent reaction. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , comprising:providing a chlorinating agent,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as a solid with the chlorinating agent to form metal chloride MCl,'}wherein metal M being selected from the group of metals consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x corresponds to the valence of the metal cation, andadditionally adding metal M as a reactant to the reaction of metal carbonate with the chlorinating agent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal M added as a reactant with a metal/metal carbonate weight ratio of less than 5/10 in order to generate thermal energy.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate for the reaction with the chlorinating agent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent comprises chlorine or oxalyl chloride.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal chloride is subsequently reacted to produce metal M.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal M produced by the subsequent reaction of the metal chloride is reacted at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 5 , to form a metal circuit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor claim 7 , in which the chlorinating agent is added as a gas in cocurrent with the ...

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Номер записи: 81
23-02-2017 дата публикации

CATALYST FOR ACTIVE HYDROGEN RECOMBINER AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE CATALYST

Номер: US20170053719A1
Автор: DICKOUT Leigh, HU Yaning, Szynkarczuk Jarek, ZAIDI Syed Sameen
Принадлежит:

A process of producing a catalyst entails providing an alumina substrate and adhering a noble metal consisting of either platinum or palladium to an outer surface of the alumina substrate to form a surface coating without penetrating into a central portion of the substrate. The noble metal may be calcined in a presence of organic compounds that increase the viscosity of a liquid carrying the noble metal to thereby minimize penetration into the central portion of the substrate and that also increase the yield of metal oxides during calcination thereby making the catalyst more active. 1. A process of producing a catalyst , the process comprising:providing an alumina substrate; andadhering a noble metal consisting of either platinum or palladium to an outer surface of the alumina substrate to form a surface coating without impregnating into a central portion of the substrate.2. The process as claimed in wherein the noble metal is platinum.3. The process as claimed in wherein the noble metal is palladium.4. The process as claimed in further comprising calcining the platinum at 550° C. for 2 hours.5. The process as claimed in further comprising calcining the palladium was calcined at 450° C. for 2 hours.6. The process as claimed in further comprising using organic compounds to increase a viscosity of a liquid carrying the noble metal to thereby minimize penetration into the central portion of the substrate and also to increase the yield of metal oxides during calcination to thereby make the catalyst more active.7. The process as claimed in wherein the organic compounds comprise one or more of a monosaccharide claim 6 , disaccharide or oligosaccharide.8. A catalyst comprising:an alumina substrate; anda noble metal consisting of either platinum or palladium, the noble metal adhering only to an outer surface of the alumina substrate to form a surface coating without penetrating into a central portion of the substrate.9. The catalyst as claimed in wherein the noble metal is ...

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Номер записи: 82
20-02-2020 дата публикации

ARTIFICIAL CELL CONSTRUCTS FOR CELLULAR MANIPULATION

Номер: US20200054561A1
Автор: Little Steven R.
Принадлежит:

The present invention contemplates induction of immunological tolerance thereby providing permanent allograft acceptance. This method obviates the need for a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressive agents which can increase the risk of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Immunological tolerance is thought to be mediated by regulatory T lymphocytes (Tcells) with immunosuppressive capabilities. A therapeutically relevant platform comprising artificial constructs are contemplated comprising numerous soluble and surface bound Tcell stimulating factors that may induce tolerance following allograft transplantation. Such artificial constructs, being the sire of a cell, have surface bound monoclonal antibodies specific to regulatory T-cell surface moieties and encapsulated soluble regulatory T-cell modulating factors. 146.-. (canceled)47. A method for treating an allograft rejection in a subject in need thereof , the method comprising administering to said subject at least one artificial particle comprising at least one Treg cell factor or at least one chemotactic factor , whereby the method inhibits allograft rejection in the subject.48. The method of claim 47 , wherein said artificial particle is porous.49. The method of claim 47 , wherein said artificial particle comprises compartments.50. The method of claim 49 , wherein said compartments comprise said soluble Treg cell factor or said chemotactic factor.51. The method of claim 47 , wherein said soluble Treg cell factor or chemotactic factor undergoes controlled release.52. The method of claim 51 , wherein said controlled release is a short-term release.53. The method of claim 52 , wherein said short-term release is between 30 minutes-24 hours.54. The method of claim 51 , wherein said controlled release is a long-term release.55. The method of claim 54 , wherein said long-term release is between 24 hours-1 year.56. The method of claim 54 , wherein said long-term release is at least one year.57. The method of claim 47 , ...

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Номер записи: 83
22-05-2014 дата публикации

Counter-Current Fluidized Bed Reactor for the Dehydrogenation of Olefins

Номер: US20140140895A1
Автор: Lev Davydov, Paolo Palmas, Wolfgang A. Spieker
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A process and apparatus for the dehydrogenation of paraffins is presented. The process utilizes a reactor that includes a slower flow of catalyst through the reactor, with a counter current flow of gas through the catalyst bed. The catalyst is regenerated and distributed over the top of the catalyst bed, and travels through the bed with the aid of reactor internals to limit backmixing of the catalyst.

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Номер записи: 84
17-03-2022 дата публикации

UPFLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20220080375A1
Автор: CUI Guoying, GUAN Minghua, Jiang Yang, RUAN Zonglin, WANG Haochen, YANG Xiuna, Zhou Jiawen
Принадлежит:

An upflow reactor (), comprising a housing (), a catalyst bed layer () and a pressing device (). The housing () is internally provided with a reaction chamber (), a reaction material inlet () and a reaction material outlet () which are in communication with the reaction chamber () are provided on the housing (); the catalyst bed layer () is provided within the reaction chamber (), the pressing device () is provided within the reaction chamber () and located above the catalyst bed layer (), and at least a part of the pressing device () is provided to be movable up and down, so that the at least a part of the pressing device () can be pressed against the catalyst bed layer (). 1. An upflow reactor , comprising:a housing provided with a reaction chamber therein, and provided with a reaction material inlet and a reaction material outlet thereon, which are in communication with the reaction chamber;a catalyst bed layer arranged in the reaction chamber; anda pressing device arranged in the reaction chamber and located above the catalyst bed layer, wherein at least a part of the pressing device is arranged to be movable up and down, so that the at least a part of the pressing device is able to be pressed against the catalyst bed layer.2. The upflow reactor of claim 1 , wherein the upflow reactor comprises a plurality of catalyst bed layers and a plurality of pressing devices claim 1 , the plurality of catalyst bed layers and the plurality of pressing devices are disposed alternately in the vertical direction claim 1 , and each of the pressing devices is able to be pressed against one of the catalyst bed layers; optionally claim 1 , the plurality of catalyst bed layers are in height incremented in the material feeding direction.3. The upflow reactor of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst bed layer comprises an upper catalyst section and a lower catalyst section claim 1 , wherein the upper catalyst section is positioned above the lower catalyst section claim 1 , and the pressing ...

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Номер записи: 85
28-02-2019 дата публикации

Polyolefin production with chromium-based catalysts

Номер: US20190062475A1
Автор: John H. Moorhouse, Kevin J. Cann, Kevin R. Gross, Mark G. Goode
Принадлежит: Univation Technologies Llc

A system and method for feeding a chromium-based catalyst to a polymerization reactor; adding a reducing agent to the chromium-based catalyst, and polymerizing an olefin into a polyolefin in the polymerization reactor in the presence of the chromium-based catalyst.

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Номер записи: 86
10-03-2016 дата публикации

A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND A PROCESS USING SAME TO PRODUCE HIGH PURITY GRANULAR POLYSILICON

Номер: US20160067665A1
Автор: Chen Wenlong, JIANG Hongfu, JIANG Wenwu, Wu Feng, ZHONG Zhenwu
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reaction tube, a distributor and a heating device, the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space, the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet, and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet at the top or upper part respectively, characterized in that the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube, and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the reaction outer tube, wherein the hollow cavity is filled with hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas for protection, and is able to maintain a pressure of about 0.01 to about 5 MPa; and also to a process of producing high purity granular polysilicon using the reactor. The fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention uses induction heating to heat directly the silicon particles inside the reaction chamber, such that the temperature of the reaction tube is lower than that inside the reaction chamber, which accordingly avoids deposition on the tube wall and results in more uniform heating, and thus is useful for large diameter fluidized bed reactors with much increased output for a single reactor. 1. A fluidized bed reactor , comprising a reaction tube , a distributor and a heating device , the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space , the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet , and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet respectively at the top or upper part , characterized in that the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube , and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall ...

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Номер записи: 87
10-03-2016 дата публикации

CATALYST REGENERATORS AND METHODS FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS

Номер: US20160067701A1
Автор: Davydov Lev, Mostofi-Ashtiani Mohammad Reza, Palmas Paolo
Принадлежит:

Catalyst regenerators and methods of their use are provided. A catalyst regenerator includes a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber diameter and a combustion chamber bottom. A mixing chamber is fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber at the combustion chamber bottom, where the mixing chamber has an exterior wall and a mixing chamber diameter less than the combustion chamber diameter. A first and second catalyst inlet are fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber, and a mixing cylinder is within the mixing chamber. The mixing cylinder and the exterior wall define an annular space there-between, and the mixing cylinder includes a cylinder opening. 1. A catalyst regenerator comprising:a combustion chamber having a combustion chamber diameter and a combustion chamber bottom;a mixing chamber fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber at the combustion chamber bottom, wherein the mixing chamber has an exterior wall and a mixing chamber diameter less than the combustion chamber diameter;a first catalyst inlet fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber;a second catalyst inlet fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber; anda mixing cylinder within the mixing chamber, wherein the mixing cylinder and the exterior wall define an annular space there-between, and wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder opening.2. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the cylinder opening extends from below a lower most portion of the first catalyst inlet to above an upper most portion of the first catalyst inlet.3. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder top that is closed claim 1 , and wherein the cylinder opening terminates below the cylinder top.4. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder wall section claim 1 , and wherein the cylinder wall section is positioned facing the first catalyst inlet and the second catalyst inlet.5. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the cylinder opening faces one of the first catalyst inlet ...

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Номер записи: 88
27-02-2020 дата публикации

Gas Injection Element for a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit and Gas Distribution System Equipped with this Injection Element

Номер: US20200061567A1
Автор: Lesage Romain
Принадлежит:

A gas injection element () for a system for distributing a gas inside a chamber of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. This injection member comprises a passage () extending entirely therethrough, and —an inner ceramic member () having an inner surface () that entirely delimits the through-passage (); and —a hollow metal sleeve (), inside which at least a portion of the inner member () is received, the sleeve () and the inner member () respectively having an inner surface () and an outer surface () with matching shapes allowing the inner member () to move relative to the sleeve () in a direction parallel to an axis (X) of the passage (), the outer () and inner surfaces () being provided with fastening elements () that engage to reversibly fasten the sleeve and the inner member. 110.-. (canceled)12. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 11 , characterized in that the external surface of the internal element and the internal surface of the sleeve are surfaces of revolution claim 11 , notably cylinders of revolution claim 11 , having an axis of revolution coincident with or parallel to the axis (X) of the through-passage.13. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 12 , characterized in that the fixing elements comprise lugs or notches collaborating respectively with grooves or ribs of a suitable shape to allow the sleeve and the internal element to move between a fixed state and a freed state following movements in translation in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution and in rotation about the axis of revolution.14. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 11 , characterized in that the sleeve is of cylindrical shape.15. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 11 , characterized in that the internal element has claim 11 , at one of its ends claim 11 , a flange bearing claim 11 , in the fixed state claim 11 , against one end of the sleeve in the direction of the axis of the through-passage.16. The gas injection element as claimed in claim ...

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Номер записи: 89
10-03-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRE-REFORMING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20160068391A1
Автор: Hackel Philipp Marius, HUBEL Mirko, WOLF Ulrich
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

There is proposed a method for pre-reforming a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream into a pre-reforming product containing carbon oxides, hydrogen and hydrocarbons, in which the adiabatically operated pre-reforming reactor comprises at least two reaction zones designed as fixed beds in a common reactor vessel, which are in fluid connection with each other and are filled with beds of granular, nickel-containing catalyst active for pre-reforming, wherein the first reaction zone in flow direction is filled with a catalyst active for high-temperature pre-reforming and the last reaction zone in flow direction is filled with a catalyst active for low-temperature pre-reforming. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for pre-reforming a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream into a pre-reforming product containing carbon oxides , hydrogen and hydrocarbons , the method comprising the step of introducing the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream into a multistage , adiabatically operated pre-reforming reactor under pre-reforming conditions to obtain a pre-reforming product , wherein the pre-reforming reactor is a shaft reactor , wherein the pre-reforming reactor comprises at least two reaction zones designed as fixed beds in a common reactor vessel , which are in fluid connection with each other and are filled with beds of granular , nickel-containing catalyst active for the pre-reforming , wherein the first reaction zone in flow direction is filled with a catalyst active for high-temperature pre-reforming and the last reaction zone in flow direction is filled with a catalyst active for low-temperature pre-reforming.13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream comprises methane and C hydrocarbons claim 12 , wherein the pre-reforming product has a reduced amount of C hydrocarbons and an increased amount of methane as compared to the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream.14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream comprises natural gas with a ...

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Номер записи: 90
10-03-2016 дата публикации

REGENERATOR FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS UNDER DIFFERENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

Номер: US20160068766A1
Автор: BAZER-BACHI Frederic, LAMBERT Fabian, LEMAIRE Eric
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention concerns a moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction, said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel, in which particles of catalyst move under gravity, in which each regeneration zone comprises, in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move: 112. A moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction , said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel , in which particles of catalyst move under gravity , in which each regeneration zone comprises , in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move:a) a combustion section (CO);b) an oxychlorination section (O) disposed below the combustion section and comprising means for bringing catalyst from the combustion section (CO) to the oxychlorination section (O);c) a calcining section (CA) disposed below the oxychlorination section;characterized in that the regeneration zones are separated from each other by a separation means which is impermeable to catalysts and to gases in a manner such that the catalysts of each of the zones are capable of being regenerated under different operating conditions.2. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections comprises an annular space defined by two sieves which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts in which the catalyst moves under gravity.330309934. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections is formed by a portion of an annular space () claim 1 , the annular space () being defined by two sieves ( claim 1 , ′) which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts and divided into portions by separation means () which are impermeable to catalysts and to gas.4. The regenerator according to claim 2 , in which the sieves are selected from a ...

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Номер записи: 91
09-03-2017 дата публикации

REACTOR FOR A CATALYTIC PROCESS

Номер: US20170065955A1
Автор: Bergstrom Jesper
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

A reactor for a catalytic process comprising one or more catalyst beds has catalyst bed supports constructed as a grid comprising a plurality of cassettes (), which are covered with easily removable screens (). The down-time and service costs for the reactor are thereby lowered. 1. Reactor for a catalytic process with one or more catalyst beds of catalyst pellets , comprising a bottom support for each of said catalyst beds , the support is constructed as a grid comprising a plurality of cassettes , each cassette is covered by a permeable screen with apertures large enough to allow flow through of process fluid , but small enough to retain the catalyst pellets , wherein said screen is removable fastened to said cassette.2. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the apertures of the screen each has an area of between 500 mmand 0.1 mm.3. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the apertures of the screen each has an area of between 100 mmand 1 mm.4. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen is made by woven wire mesh.5. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen is made by welded wires and rods.6. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen is made by a flat printed pattern.7. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the weight of the screen is below 100 kg.8. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the weight of the screen is below 25 kg.9. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen is fixed to the cassette by means of quick release means claim 1 , enabling the screen to be fixed to or detached from the cassette by hand or by hand tools in less than 30 minutes.10. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen is fixed to the cassette by means of quick release means claim 1 , enabling the screen to be fixed to or detached from the cassette by hand or by hand tools in less than 5 minutes.11. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a majority of the screens in the reactor are rectangular and each is fixed to a cassette in each of its four ...

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Номер записи: 92
12-03-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEMS FOR PYROLYSIS VAPOR UPGRADING

Номер: US20150071836A1
Автор: Gorke Johnathan T., Lotero Edgar
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

This disclosure relates to systems for the fast pyrolysis of organic matter. More specifically, it relates to systems for the catalytic modification of vapors created during the fast pyrolysis of organic matter to create transportation fuel or a transportation fuel component. The inventive systems either catalytically stabilize or convert at least a first portion of pyrolysis vapors, then combine them with a portion of raw, unconverted bio-derived pyrolysis vapors at a temperature and pressure sufficient for molecules of the combined vapors to react and produce hydrocarbons of increased molecular weight that are suitable for use as a hydrocarbon transportation fuel or component thereof. 1. A system for producing biomass-derived hydrocarbon fuel or a component thereof , comprising:(a) A first and second portion of pyrolysis vapors; a. at least one inlet for receiving the first portion of pyrolysis vapors, and', 'b. at least one catalyst contained inside the reactor for contacting and at least partly upgrading the first portion of pyrolysis vapors to produce an upgraded first portion,', 'c. at least one outlet for conveying the upgraded first portion out of the reactor;, '(b) A reactor having(c) a reaction zone located downstream from the reactor for receiving and combining the upgraded first portion with the second portion of pyrolysis vapors at a temperature and pressure sufficient for molecules of the combined upgraded first portion and the second portion of pyrolysis vapors to react and produce hydrocarbon molecules having molecular weights that are within the boiling range of at least one of gasoline, diesel and gasoil fuels and that are suitable for use as a hydrocarbon transportation fuel or component thereof.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst comprises multiple catalysts that may be arranged in separate catalyst beds or as mixtures of catalyst.3. The system of claim 1 , comprising one or more additional portions of pyrolysis vapors ...

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Номер записи: 93
12-03-2015 дата публикации

FEEDSTOCKS FOR FORMING CARBON ALLOTROPES

Номер: US20150071848A1
Автор: Denton Robert D., JR. Russell J., Koveal, Noyes Dallas B., Ring Terry A.
Принадлежит: Solid Carbon Products LLC

Methods and systems are provided for forming carbon allotropes. An exemplary method includes forming a feedstock that includes at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen. Carbon allotropes are formed from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C., and the carbon allotropes are separated from a reactor effluent stream. 1. A method for forming carbon allotropes , comprising:forming a feedstock comprising at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen;forming carbon allotropes from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C.; andseparating the carbon allotropes from a reactor effluent stream.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising holding the temperature of the reactor to less than about 1000° C. during the Bosch reaction.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising holding the temperature between about 575° C. and 700° C.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming a forming a feedstock comprising at least about 20 mol % oxygen claim 1 , at least about 20 mol % carbon claim 1 , and at least about 40 mol % hydrogen.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming a forming a feedstock comprising at least about 15 mol % oxygen claim 1 , at least about 15 mol % carbon claim 1 , and at least about 60 mol % hydrogen.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding steam to the feedstock.7. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming the feedstock from a mixture comprising carbon dioxide and methane.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming the feedstock from a mixture comprising carbon dioxide claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , and methane.9. The method of claim 1 , comprising:analyzing the feedstock to determine the composition; andmodifying the materials to control the ratio between the carbon, the hydrogen, and the oxygen.10. The method of claim 1 , comprising ...

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Номер записи: 94
17-03-2016 дата публикации

CO CURRENT MIXER, APPARATUS, REACTOR AND METHOD FOR PRECIPITATING NANOPARTICLES

Номер: US20160074823A1
Автор: Darr Jawwad, Gruar Robert, Tighe Christopher James
Принадлежит:

A high pressure tubular reactor for production of nanoparticles by precipitation has unidirectional fluid flows of a precursor and supercritical water directed from inner and outer coaxial inlets to an outlet via a reaction zone yearly downstream of the inlets. The inner inlet is for supercritical fluid, and the outer inlet is for a precursor. 1. A co-current mixer for production of nanoparticles by precipitation in a continuous hydrothermal or solvothermal process , the co-current mixer being configured to deliver downstream of the co-current mixer unidirectional fluid flows of: a precursor , which consists essentially of an aqueous solution or suspension of solid particles , and a fluid containing water and/or other solvents and being substantially at or above the critical point of the fluid , the co-current mixer comprising:an outer inlet,an inner inlet disposed coaxially within the outer inlet,a mixing zone disposed immediately downstream of said inlets and connected to both of the inner and outer inlets,a feed for the fluid connected upstream to the inner inlet, anda supply for he precursor connected upstream to the outer inlet,the co-current mixer being configured such that the precipitation of nanoparticles is caused in the mixing zone by mixing of the precursor with the fluid in the mixing zone.2. A co-current mixer according to claim 1 , wherein the net cross-sectional area of the inner and outer inlets is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet.3. A co-current mixer according to claim 2 , wherein the outer inlet and the outlet are defined by a tube of substantially constant diameter into which is introduced a second tube defining a single inner inlet and terminating at an open mouth facing the flow direction.4. A co-current mixer according to claim 3 , wherein the transverse cross-section of each of the outer and inner inlets is circular.5. A co-current mixer according to claim 4 , wherein the inner inlet comprises a tube end ...

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Номер записи: 95
17-03-2016 дата публикации

Apparatus And Method For Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions

Номер: US20160074824A1
Автор: Hensman John Richard, Kippax John Wilson, McKinley Donald Hugh
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for use in heterogeneous catalytic reactions comprising a column reactor comprising a plurality of trays mounted one above another, each adapted to hold a predetermined liquid volume and a charge of particles of a solid catalyst thereon; means for introducing a liquid phase reactant above the uppermost tray; means for introducing a vapour phase reactant below the lowermost tray; means for removing a liquid phase post-reaction stream from below the lowermost tray; means for removing a vapour phase post-reaction stream from above the uppermost tray; vapour upcomer means associated with each tray adapted to allow vapour to enter that tray from below; undertow means associated with each tray adapted to remove liquid from that tray and the column reactor before being introduced into the column reactor at a lower tray; means for temporarily directing said liquid removed from a tray to bypass at least one lower tray and be reintroduced to the column reactor at a tray located below said at least one bypassed tray; means for removing the liquid and catalyst from said at least one bypassed tray: and means for replacing a liquid and catalyst inventory on said at least one bypassed tray. 1. An apparatus for use in heterogeneous catalytic reactions comprising:(a) a column reactor comprising a plurality of trays mounted one above another, each adapted to hold a predetermined liquid volume and a charge of particles of a solid catalyst thereon;(b) means for introducing a liquid phase reactant above the uppermost tray;(c) means for introducing a vapour phase reactant below the lowermost tray;(d) means for removing a liquid phase post-reaction stream from below the lowermost tray;(e) means for removing a vapour phase post-reaction stream from above the uppermost tray;(f) vapour upcomer means associated with each tray adapted to allow vapour to enter that tray from below;(g) underflow means associated with each tray adapted to remove liquid from that tray and the column ...

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Номер записи: 96
17-03-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR TREATING SLURRY AND TREATMENT APPARATUS USED FOR THE SAME

Номер: US20160074826A1
Автор: INOUE Yoshitaka, NAGASHIMA Junichi
Принадлежит:

A slurry treatment material containing solid particles mixed in liquid is finely pulverized, without using dispersion media, by flowing the treatment material into a vessel and through an annular fine gap formed between an inner wall of the vessel and an outer periphery face of a rotatable body mounted within the vessel. Rotation of the rotatable body subjects the treatment material to compression, expansion and shearing treatments. After passing through the annular fine gap, the treatment material flows into an ultrasonic chamber where it is irradiated with ultrasonic waves that break up and disintegrate agglomerated clumps of solid particles that may be present in the treatment material. 1. A method for treating slurry treatment material , comprising the steps: flowing a treatment material containing solid particles mixed in liquid through an inlet of a vessel into an annular fine gap formed between a rotatable body and an inner wall of the vessel; rotating the rotatable body to conduct compression , expansion and shearing treatments of the treatment material in the annular fine gap; discharging the treatment material which has passed through the annular fine gap from an internal flow-out port of the vessel to an ultrasonic chamber which has a discharge port; disposing an ultrasonic horn in the ultrasonic chamber at a distance of from 2 to 5 mm from a wall face of the ultrasonic chamber at the discharge port side and at a distance of from 2 to 5 mm from the internal flow-out port; and irradiating the treatment material flowing in the ultrasonic chamber with ultrasonic waves by use of the ultrasonic horn.2. A method according to ; wherein the disposing step comprises disposing the ultrasonic horn eccentrically to the center of the ultrasonic chamber towards the discharge port side.3. A method according to ; wherein the disposing step comprises disposing the ultrasonic horn at the same distance from both the wall face of the ultrasonic chamber and the internal flow- ...

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Номер записи: 97
17-03-2016 дата публикации

UREA HYDROLYSIS REACTOR FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION

Номер: US20160074839A1
Автор: Goffe Randal A.
Принадлежит: PACCAR INC

This disclosure features a urea conversion catalyst located within a urea decomposition reactor (e.g., a urea decomposition pipe) of a diesel exhaust aftertreatment system. The urea conversion catalyst includes a refractory metal oxide and a cationic dopant. The urea conversion catalyst can decrease the temperature at which urea converts to ammonia, can increase the urea conversion yield, and can decrease the likelihood of incomplete urea conversion. 1. A urea decomposition reactor , comprising:a urea conversion catalyst;wherein the urea conversion catalyst comprises a refractory metal oxide and a cationic dopant.2. The urea decomposition reactor of claim 1 , wherein the refractory metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , zirconium oxide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , silicon oxide claim 1 , hafnium oxide claim 1 , vanadium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , tantalum oxide claim 1 , chromium oxide claim 1 , molybdenum oxide claim 1 , tungsten oxide claim 1 , ruthenium oxide claim 1 , rhodium oxide claim 1 , iridium oxide claim 1 , nickel oxide claim 1 , and any combination thereof.3. The urea decomposition reactor of claim 1 , wherein the refractory metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide claim 1 , zirconium oxide claim 1 , cerium oxide claim 1 , and any combination thereof.4. The urea decomposition reactor of claim 1 , wherein the refractory metal oxide is zirconium oxide or cerium oxide.5. The urea decomposition reactor of claim 1 , wherein the cationic dopant is an oxide comprising Mg claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , W claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Al claim 1 , In claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , and Nb.6. The urea decomposition reactor of claim 1 , wherein the urea conversion ...

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Номер записи: 98
15-03-2018 дата публикации

ETHANE RECOVERY PROCESS AND ALKYLATION PROCESS WITH ETHANE RECOVERY

Номер: US20180072640A1
Автор: Ram Sanjeev, Schwint Kevin John
Принадлежит: LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY INC.

Processes and systems for the production of ethylbenzene using a dilute ethylene feed and subsequent recovery of ethane in the alkylation vent gas. 1. A process for the recovery of ethane , comprising:feeding a first stream comprising methane, ethane, and ethylene to a reboiled absorber column;contacting the first stream with an absorbent-reactant in the reboiled absorber column to absorb essentially all of the ethane and ethylene, producing a rich oil bottoms stream comprising the absorbent-reactant, ethylene, and ethane, and a vapor stream comprising methane;reacting the ethylene and the absorbent-reactant in a reaction zone, producing a reaction zone effluent comprising ethane and a reaction product;stripping the effluent in a stripper to produce a lean oil bottoms stream and an overhead vapor stream comprising ethane.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first stream and the vapor stream each further comprise one or more of nitrogen claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , and carbon dioxide.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:operating the reboiled absorber column at a bottoms temperature in the range from about 150° C. to about 220° C.;operating the stripper at a bottoms temperature in the range from about 200° C. to about 280° C.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising recycling at least a portion of the lean oil bottoms steam from the stripper to the reboiled absorber column as the absorbent-reactant.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising introducing the absorbent-reactant proximate an upper end of the reboiled absorber column at a temperature in the range from about −20° C. to about 50° C.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reboiled absorber column comprises multiple reboilers configured to sequentially extract heat from the lean oil bottoms stream from the stripper.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the multiple reboilers comprise one or more side reboilers.8. The process of claim 6 , further comprising ...

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Номер записи: 99
24-03-2022 дата публикации

REDUCTIVE DIMERIZATION OF FURFURAL VIA A CONTINUOUS PROCESS

Номер: US20220089557A1
Автор: Kinlen Patrick J., Lyons William F.
Принадлежит:

Described herein are methods for the continuous preparation of 1,2-di(furan-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol from furan-2-carbaldehyde. The methods can proceed chemically or electrochemically. In certain examples, the methods further comprise the application of a static mixer. The present methods produce 1,2-di(furan-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol in greater yield, purity, chemoselectivity, and stereoselectivity than traditional batch methods. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method proceeds in a continuous flow system.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising:introducing a first reactant stream comprising said furan-2-carbaldehyde into a reactor column comprising a metal;introducing a second reactant stream comprising a catalyst into said reactor column;contacting said first reactant stream with said second reactant stream to form a mixture; andpassing said mixture through said column to produce said 1,2-di(furan-2-ypethane-1,2-diol;wherein said method proceeds in the presence of a solvent.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said reactor column comprising said metal comprises a packed bed comprising said metal.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said reactor column comprising a metal comprises a static mixer wherein said metal is deposited on surfaces of said static mixer.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 3 , wherein said catalyst is a transition metal salt or a rare earth metal salt.10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. The method of claim 3 , wherein said method further comprises contacting said mixture with an ion exchange material.15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. A continuous flow system for preparing 1 claim 3 ,2-di(furan-2-yl)ethane-1 claim 3 ,2-diol from furan-2-carbaldehyde.23. The continuous flow system of claim 22 , wherein said system comprises: a first reactant stream comprising said furan-2-carbaldehyde; a second reactant stream comprising a catalyst; a ...

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Номер записи: 100